Reland "Create a VsyncSchedule per display"

In order to determine the vsync offsets between displays, keep track of
a VsyncSchedule for each display.

Store the VsyncSchedules in a SmallMap. Update getVsyncSchedule with a
parameter to choose the display. The default parameter uses the leader's
display, which is what many current callers want.

Update VsyncDispatches when the leader changes, so that they are always
listening to the leader.

Enable and disable vsync callbacks per display. Earlier attempts to turn
them on and off together could leave a secondary display on a bad
schedule. Add a method for resyncing all displays at once.

Use std::shared_ptrs for VsyncDispatches. This prevents lifetime issues
if a VsyncSchedule gets removed while its VsyncDispatch is still in use.
Same for VsyncTracker, which is referenced by VsyncDispatch.

When the leader VsyncSchedule changes, call cancel on
VsyncCallbackRegistrations and replace them with new ones using the new
VsyncDispatches. If a callback was scheduled, schedule a new one.

Update VsyncSchedule's members' traces so that there is a separate track
for each display.

For refresh rate changes, modulate vsync config based on the leader
display. When switching leaders, force a period transition to ensure
that a potential refresh rate change is completed.

This reverts commit db16a2be4054d0dd7d940f4fa0a2ced0575fd2e7 aka
I0757a7df540fad316b2db42e4c77f1c73bc49420, which reverted the original
CL, If60218e85292c786b9fa70ecb33ee374d3a385e0. Notable differences from
the original CL:
- Logical pieces have been separated and landed in the following CLs:
  - I21be76e20776d8a3f49e5bd295a0042de9e2dde9
  - I062002245db8fd817e145a3aaf197bb874b00636
  - I54a1304a3428968134cc707b24d5b325927c31df
- Remove IEventThreadCallback changes. These are ultimately orthogonal
  to the motivation of this CL.
- Store the ID instead of the name and use ftl::Concat, as tracked in
  b/266817103.
- Rename MessageQueue::updateVsyncRegistration to onNewVsyncSchedule, to
  match the name in EventThread. These methods do essentially the same
  thing, so use the same name.
- Crucially, I54a1304a3428968134cc707b24d5b325927c31df restores the
  pending HWC Vsync state, which was originally removed in
  If60218e85292c786b9fa70ecb33ee374d3a385e0. The removal seems to have
  been responsible for b/267562341.

Bug: 255601557
Bug: 256196556
Bug: 241285473
Bug: 241286146
Bug: 268366385
Fixes: 266817103
Test: libsurfaceflinger_unittest
Test: manual (look at perfetto traces)
Change-Id: Icdb80253436b4d0034fc20fcae8583efb7c30292
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index 52dc695..e32cf88 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@
                                                              mock::EventThread::kCallingUid,
                                                              ResyncCallback())));
 
-    mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncController>(mVsyncController),
-                            std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker>(mVSyncTracker),
+    mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
+                            std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
                             std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mEventThread),
                             std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mSFEventThread),
                             TestableSurfaceFlinger::DefaultDisplayMode{displayId},
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
index 57d1d9c..e64cb38 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
@@ -128,8 +128,6 @@
     renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
 
-    mock::VsyncController* mVsyncController = new mock::VsyncController;
-    mock::VSyncTracker* mVSyncTracker = new mock::VSyncTracker;
     mock::EventThread* mEventThread = new mock::EventThread;
     mock::EventThread* mSFEventThread = new mock::EventThread;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index f6bcadc..f1cdca3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
     ConnectionEventRecorder mConnectionEventCallRecorder{0};
     ConnectionEventRecorder mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder{0};
 
-    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> mVsyncSchedule;
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> mVsyncSchedule;
     std::unique_ptr<impl::EventThread> mThread;
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mConnection;
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mThrottledConnection;
@@ -140,12 +140,12 @@
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
-    mVsyncSchedule = std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>(
-            new scheduler::VsyncSchedule(std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
-                                         std::make_unique<mock::VSyncDispatch>(), nullptr));
-
-    mock::VSyncDispatch& mockDispatch =
-            *static_cast<mock::VSyncDispatch*>(&mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch());
+    auto mockDispatchPtr = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>();
+    mVsyncSchedule = std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>(
+            new scheduler::VsyncSchedule(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                         std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>(), mockDispatchPtr,
+                                         nullptr));
+    mock::VSyncDispatch& mockDispatch = *mockDispatchPtr;
     EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, registerCallback(_, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.getInvocable()));
     EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, schedule(_, _))
@@ -189,10 +189,9 @@
     };
 
     mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
-    mThread =
-            std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(/*std::move(source), */ "EventThreadTest",
-                                                *mVsyncSchedule, mTokenManager.get(), throttleVsync,
-                                                getVsyncPeriod, kWorkDuration, kReadyDuration);
+    mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>("EventThreadTest", mVsyncSchedule,
+                                                  mTokenManager.get(), throttleVsync,
+                                                  getVsyncPeriod, kWorkDuration, kReadyDuration);
 
     // EventThread should register itself as VSyncSource callback.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
index 7aa5201..8f1b450 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@
 
 struct MessageQueueTest : testing::Test {
     void SetUp() override {
-        EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, "sf")).WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, "sf")).WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
         EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.initVsync(mVSyncDispatch, mTokenManager, kDuration));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
     }
 
-    mock::VSyncDispatch mVSyncDispatch;
+    std::shared_ptr<mock::VSyncDispatch> mVSyncDispatch = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>();
     MockTokenManager mTokenManager;
     TestableMessageQueue mEventQueue;
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
     EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
     EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(4567));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(4567));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
                                                      .readyDuration = 0,
                                                      .earliestVsync = kPresentTime.ns()};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timingAfterCallback)).WillOnce(Return(0));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timingAfterCallback)).WillOnce(Return(0));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 }
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
                                                      .readyDuration = 0,
                                                      .earliestVsync = 0};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(0));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(0));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 422fa1c..26281d2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <ftl/fake_guard.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
 
     constexpr hal::PowerMode kPowerModeOn = hal::PowerMode::ON;
-    mScheduler->setDisplayPowerMode(kPowerModeOn);
+    FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mScheduler->setDisplayPowerMode(kDisplayId1, kPowerModeOn));
 
     constexpr uint32_t kDisplayArea = 999'999;
     mScheduler->onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(kDisplayArea);
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@
     mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     constexpr hal::PowerMode kPowerModeOn = hal::PowerMode::ON;
-    mScheduler->setDisplayPowerMode(kPowerModeOn);
+    FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mScheduler->setDisplayPowerMode(kDisplayId1, kPowerModeOn));
 
     constexpr uint32_t kDisplayArea = 999'999;
     mScheduler->onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(kDisplayArea);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
index 019502f..fd1fd47 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
                                                              ResyncCallback())));
 
     auto vsyncController = std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>();
-    auto vsyncTracker = std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>();
+    auto vsyncTracker = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>();
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
     EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, currentPeriod())
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
index f553a23..98644aa 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@
     // We expect a scheduled commit for the display transaction.
     EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
+    EXPECT_CALL(static_cast<mock::VSyncTracker&>(
+                        mFlinger.scheduler()->getVsyncSchedule()->getTracker()),
+                nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
+            .WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
index 17b4714..7754c21 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 struct EventThreadBaseSupportedVariant {
     static void setupVsyncNoCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
         // Expect no change to hardware nor synthetic VSYNC.
-        EXPECT_CALL(test->mFlinger.mockSchedulerCallback(), setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+        EXPECT_CALL(test->mFlinger.mockSchedulerCallback(), setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mEventThread, enableSyntheticVsync(_)).Times(0);
     }
 };
@@ -79,21 +79,25 @@
 struct EventThreadIsSupportedVariant : public EventThreadBaseSupportedVariant {
     static void setupEnableVsyncCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
         // Expect to enable hardware VSYNC and disable synthetic VSYNC.
-        EXPECT_CALL(test->mFlinger.mockSchedulerCallback(), setVsyncEnabled(true)).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(test->mFlinger.mockSchedulerCallback(), setVsyncEnabled(_, true)).Times(1);
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mEventThread, enableSyntheticVsync(false)).Times(1);
     }
 
     static void setupDisableVsyncCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
         // Expect to disable hardware VSYNC and enable synthetic VSYNC.
-        EXPECT_CALL(test->mFlinger.mockSchedulerCallback(), setVsyncEnabled(false)).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(test->mFlinger.mockSchedulerCallback(), setVsyncEnabled(_, false)).Times(1);
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mEventThread, enableSyntheticVsync(true)).Times(1);
     }
 };
 
 struct DispSyncIsSupportedVariant {
     static void setupResetModelCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mVsyncController, startPeriodTransition(DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD)).Times(1);
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mVSyncTracker, resetModel()).Times(1);
+        auto vsyncSchedule = test->mFlinger.scheduler()->getVsyncSchedule();
+        EXPECT_CALL(static_cast<mock::VsyncController&>(vsyncSchedule->getController()),
+                    startPeriodTransition(DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD, false))
+                .Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(static_cast<mock::VSyncTracker&>(vsyncSchedule->getTracker()), resetModel())
+                .Times(1);
     }
 };
 
@@ -249,8 +253,9 @@
         return display;
     }
 
-    static void setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(DisplayTransactionTest* test, bool enabled) {
-        test->mFlinger.scheduler()->setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(enabled);
+    static void setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(DisplayTransactionTest* test, PhysicalDisplayId id,
+                                         bool enabled) {
+        test->mFlinger.scheduler()->setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(id, enabled);
     }
 
     static void setupRepaintEverythingCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
@@ -316,9 +321,12 @@
     Case::Doze::setupComposerCallExpectations(this);
     auto display =
             Case::injectDisplayWithInitialPowerMode(this, Case::Transition::INITIAL_POWER_MODE);
-    Case::setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(this,
-                                   PowerModeInitialVSyncEnabled<
-                                           Case::Transition::INITIAL_POWER_MODE>::value);
+    auto displayId = display->getId();
+    if (auto physicalDisplayId = PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(displayId)) {
+        Case::setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(this, *physicalDisplayId,
+                                       PowerModeInitialVSyncEnabled<
+                                               Case::Transition::INITIAL_POWER_MODE>::value);
+    }
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Call Expectations
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index 48c5d48..ac04720 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -37,19 +37,16 @@
 public:
     TestableScheduler(RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : TestableScheduler(std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
-                              std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(), std::move(selectorPtr),
+                              std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>(), std::move(selectorPtr),
                               /* modulatorPtr */ nullptr, callback) {}
 
     TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<VsyncController> controller,
-                      std::unique_ptr<VSyncTracker> tracker, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
+                      std::shared_ptr<VSyncTracker> tracker, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
                       sp<VsyncModulator> modulatorPtr, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection, std::move(modulatorPtr)) {
-        mVsyncSchedule = std::unique_ptr<VsyncSchedule>(
-                new VsyncSchedule(std::move(tracker), std::make_unique<mock::VSyncDispatch>(),
-                                  std::move(controller)));
-
         const auto displayId = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
-        registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
+        registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr), std::move(controller),
+                        std::move(tracker));
 
         ON_CALL(*this, postMessage).WillByDefault([](sp<MessageHandler>&& handler) {
             // Execute task to prevent broken promise exception on destruction.
@@ -73,8 +70,21 @@
     }
 
     void registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr) {
+        registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr),
+                        std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
+                        std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>());
+    }
+
+    void registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
+                         std::unique_ptr<VsyncController> controller,
+                         std::shared_ptr<VSyncTracker> tracker) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        Scheduler::registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
+        Scheduler::registerDisplayInternal(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr),
+                                           std::shared_ptr<VsyncSchedule>(
+                                                   new VsyncSchedule(displayId, std::move(tracker),
+                                                                     std::make_shared<
+                                                                             mock::VSyncDispatch>(),
+                                                                     std::move(controller))));
     }
 
     void unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
@@ -151,10 +161,11 @@
         Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(handle, mode);
     }
 
-    void setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(bool enabled) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mVsyncSchedule->mHwVsyncLock);
-        mVsyncSchedule->mHwVsyncState = enabled ? VsyncSchedule::HwVsyncState::Enabled
-                                                : VsyncSchedule::HwVsyncState::Disabled;
+    void setInitialHwVsyncEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId id, bool enabled) {
+        auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(schedule->mHwVsyncLock);
+        schedule->mHwVsyncState = enabled ? VsyncSchedule::HwVsyncState::Enabled
+                                          : VsyncSchedule::HwVsyncState::Disabled;
     }
 
 private:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 0649333..6334ec8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
     using DisplayModesVariant = std::variant<DefaultDisplayMode, RefreshRateSelectorPtr>;
 
     void setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncController> vsyncController,
-                        std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> vsyncTracker,
+                        std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> vsyncTracker,
                         std::unique_ptr<EventThread> appEventThread,
                         std::unique_ptr<EventThread> sfEventThread,
                         DisplayModesVariant modesVariant,
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
                                                           std::move(modulatorPtr), callback);
         }
 
-        mScheduler->initVsync(mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule().getDispatch(), *mTokenManager, 0ms);
+        mScheduler->initVsync(mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule()->getDispatch(), *mTokenManager, 0ms);
 
         mScheduler->mutableAppConnectionHandle() =
                 mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(appEventThread));
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
                                                                  ResyncCallback())));
 
         auto vsyncController = makeMock<mock::VsyncController>(options.useNiceMock);
-        auto vsyncTracker = makeMock<mock::VSyncTracker>(options.useNiceMock);
+        auto vsyncTracker = makeSharedMock<mock::VSyncTracker>(options.useNiceMock);
 
         EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
         EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, currentPeriod())
@@ -953,6 +953,11 @@
         return useNiceMock ? std::make_unique<testing::NiceMock<T>>() : std::make_unique<T>();
     }
 
+    template <typename T>
+    static std::shared_ptr<T> makeSharedMock(bool useNiceMock) {
+        return useNiceMock ? std::make_shared<testing::NiceMock<T>>() : std::make_shared<T>();
+    }
+
     static constexpr VsyncId kVsyncId{123};
 
     surfaceflinger::test::Factory mFactory;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
index 2908834..41866a1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@
 
 class RepeatingCallbackReceiver {
 public:
-    RepeatingCallbackReceiver(VSyncDispatch& dispatch, nsecs_t workload, nsecs_t readyDuration)
+    RepeatingCallbackReceiver(std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> dispatch, nsecs_t workload,
+                              nsecs_t readyDuration)
           : mWorkload(workload),
             mReadyDuration(readyDuration),
             mCallback(
@@ -166,9 +167,10 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest, triple_alarm) {
-    FixedRateIdealStubTracker tracker;
-    VSyncDispatchTimerQueue dispatch(std::make_unique<Timer>(), tracker, mDispatchGroupThreshold,
-                                     mVsyncMoveThreshold);
+    auto tracker = std::make_shared<FixedRateIdealStubTracker>();
+    auto dispatch =
+            std::make_shared<VSyncDispatchTimerQueue>(std::make_unique<Timer>(), tracker,
+                                                      mDispatchGroupThreshold, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     static size_t constexpr num_clients = 3;
     std::array<RepeatingCallbackReceiver, num_clients>
@@ -195,14 +197,15 @@
 // starts at 333hz, slides down to 43hz
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest, vascillating_vrr) {
     auto next_vsync_interval = toNs(3ms);
-    VRRStubTracker tracker(next_vsync_interval);
-    VSyncDispatchTimerQueue dispatch(std::make_unique<Timer>(), tracker, mDispatchGroupThreshold,
-                                     mVsyncMoveThreshold);
+    auto tracker = std::make_shared<VRRStubTracker>(next_vsync_interval);
+    auto dispatch =
+            std::make_shared<VSyncDispatchTimerQueue>(std::make_unique<Timer>(), tracker,
+                                                      mDispatchGroupThreshold, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     RepeatingCallbackReceiver cb_receiver(dispatch, toNs(1ms), toNs(5ms));
 
     auto const on_each_frame = [&](nsecs_t last_known) {
-        tracker.set_interval(next_vsync_interval += toNs(1ms), last_known);
+        tracker->set_interval(next_vsync_interval += toNs(1ms), last_known);
     };
 
     std::thread eventThread([&] { cb_receiver.repeatedly_schedule(mIterations, on_each_frame); });
@@ -213,9 +216,10 @@
 
 // starts at 333hz, jumps to 200hz at frame 10
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest, fixed_jump) {
-    VRRStubTracker tracker(toNs(3ms));
-    VSyncDispatchTimerQueue dispatch(std::make_unique<Timer>(), tracker, mDispatchGroupThreshold,
-                                     mVsyncMoveThreshold);
+    auto tracker = std::make_shared<VRRStubTracker>(toNs(3ms));
+    auto dispatch =
+            std::make_shared<VSyncDispatchTimerQueue>(std::make_unique<Timer>(), tracker,
+                                                      mDispatchGroupThreshold, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     RepeatingCallbackReceiver cb_receiver(dispatch, toNs(1ms), toNs(5ms));
 
@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@
     auto constexpr jump_frame_at = 10u;
     auto const on_each_frame = [&](nsecs_t last_known) {
         if (jump_frame_counter++ == jump_frame_at) {
-            tracker.set_interval(toNs(5ms), last_known);
+            tracker->set_interval(toNs(5ms), last_known);
         }
     };
     std::thread eventThread([&] { cb_receiver.repeatedly_schedule(mIterations, on_each_frame); });
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
index f143b49..7af1da6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
@@ -116,13 +116,14 @@
 
 class CountingCallback {
 public:
-    CountingCallback(VSyncDispatch& dispatch)
-          : mDispatch(dispatch),
-            mToken(dispatch.registerCallback(std::bind(&CountingCallback::counter, this,
-                                                       std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2,
-                                                       std::placeholders::_3),
-                                             "test")) {}
-    ~CountingCallback() { mDispatch.unregisterCallback(mToken); }
+    CountingCallback(std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> dispatch)
+          : mDispatch(std::move(dispatch)),
+            mToken(mDispatch->registerCallback(std::bind(&CountingCallback::counter, this,
+                                                         std::placeholders::_1,
+                                                         std::placeholders::_2,
+                                                         std::placeholders::_3),
+                                               "test")) {}
+    ~CountingCallback() { mDispatch->unregisterCallback(mToken); }
 
     operator VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken() const { return mToken; }
 
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@
         mReadyTime.push_back(readyTime);
     }
 
-    VSyncDispatch& mDispatch;
+    std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> mDispatch;
     VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mToken;
     std::vector<nsecs_t> mCalls;
     std::vector<nsecs_t> mWakeupTime;
@@ -141,12 +142,12 @@
 
 class PausingCallback {
 public:
-    PausingCallback(VSyncDispatch& dispatch, std::chrono::milliseconds pauseAmount)
-          : mDispatch(dispatch),
-            mToken(dispatch.registerCallback(std::bind(&PausingCallback::pause, this,
-                                                       std::placeholders::_1,
-                                                       std::placeholders::_2),
-                                             "test")),
+    PausingCallback(std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> dispatch, std::chrono::milliseconds pauseAmount)
+          : mDispatch(std::move(dispatch)),
+            mToken(mDispatch->registerCallback(std::bind(&PausingCallback::pause, this,
+                                                         std::placeholders::_1,
+                                                         std::placeholders::_2),
+                                               "test")),
             mRegistered(true),
             mPauseAmount(pauseAmount) {}
     ~PausingCallback() { unregister(); }
@@ -181,12 +182,12 @@
 
     void unregister() {
         if (mRegistered) {
-            mDispatch.unregisterCallback(mToken);
+            mDispatch->unregisterCallback(mToken);
             mRegistered = false;
         }
     }
 
-    VSyncDispatch& mDispatch;
+    std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> mDispatch;
     VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mToken;
     bool mRegistered = true;
 
@@ -231,22 +232,26 @@
     static nsecs_t constexpr mDispatchGroupThreshold = 5;
     nsecs_t const mPeriod = 1000;
     nsecs_t const mVsyncMoveThreshold = 300;
-    NiceMock<MockVSyncTracker> mStubTracker{mPeriod};
-    VSyncDispatchTimerQueue mDispatch{createTimeKeeper(), mStubTracker, mDispatchGroupThreshold,
-                                      mVsyncMoveThreshold};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<MockVSyncTracker>> mStubTracker =
+            std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockVSyncTracker>>(mPeriod);
+    std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> mDispatch =
+            std::make_shared<VSyncDispatchTimerQueue>(createTimeKeeper(), mStubTracker,
+                                                      mDispatchGroupThreshold, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 };
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, unregistersSetAlarmOnDestruction) {
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 900));
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel());
     {
-        VSyncDispatchTimerQueue mDispatch{createTimeKeeper(), mStubTracker, mDispatchGroupThreshold,
-                                          mVsyncMoveThreshold};
+        std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> mDispatch =
+                std::make_shared<VSyncDispatchTimerQueue>(createTimeKeeper(), mStubTracker,
+                                                          mDispatchGroupThreshold,
+                                                          mVsyncMoveThreshold);
         CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-        const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                               {.workDuration = 100,
-                                                .readyDuration = 0,
-                                                .earliestVsync = 1000});
+        const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                                {.workDuration = 100,
+                                                 .readyDuration = 0,
+                                                 .earliestVsync = 1000});
         EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
         EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
     }
@@ -257,10 +262,10 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 900));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                           {.workDuration = 100,
-                                            .readyDuration = 0,
-                                            .earliestVsync = intended});
+    const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                            {.workDuration = 100,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = intended});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
 
@@ -277,14 +282,15 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 700)).InSequence(seq);
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                     {.workDuration = 100,
-                                      .readyDuration = 0,
-                                      .earliestVsync = intended});
+    auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                      {.workDuration = 100,
+                                       .readyDuration = 0,
+                                       .earliestVsync = intended});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
 
-    result = mDispatch.update(cb,
+    result =
+            mDispatch->update(cb,
                               {.workDuration = 300, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = intended});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(700, *result);
@@ -302,17 +308,17 @@
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
     const auto result =
-            mDispatch.update(cb,
-                             {.workDuration = 300, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = intended});
+            mDispatch->update(cb,
+                              {.workDuration = 300, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = intended});
     EXPECT_FALSE(result.has_value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, basicAlarmSettingFutureWithAdjustmentToTrueVsync) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000)).WillOnce(Return(1150));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000)).WillOnce(Return(1150));
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 1050));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
     advanceToNextCallback();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
@@ -323,15 +329,15 @@
     auto const now = 234;
     mMockClock.advanceBy(234);
     auto const workDuration = 10 * mPeriod;
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(now + workDuration))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(now + workDuration))
             .WillOnce(Return(mPeriod * 11));
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, mPeriod));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                           {.workDuration = workDuration,
-                                            .readyDuration = 0,
-                                            .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                            {.workDuration = workDuration,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod, *result);
 }
@@ -341,12 +347,13 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel());
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    const auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                            {.workDuration = 100,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb), CancelResult::Cancelled);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch->cancel(cb), CancelResult::Cancelled);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, basicAlarmCancelTooLate) {
@@ -354,13 +361,14 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel());
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    const auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                            {.workDuration = 100,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(950);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb), CancelResult::TooLate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch->cancel(cb), CancelResult::TooLate);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, basicAlarmCancelTooLateWhenRunning) {
@@ -368,15 +376,16 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel());
 
     PausingCallback cb(mDispatch, std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(1s));
-    const auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                            {.workDuration = 100,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
 
     std::thread pausingThread([&] { mMockClock.advanceToNextCallback(); });
     EXPECT_TRUE(cb.waitForPause());
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb), CancelResult::TooLate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch->cancel(cb), CancelResult::TooLate);
     cb.unpause();
     pausingThread.join();
 }
@@ -389,9 +398,10 @@
 
     PausingCallback cb(mDispatch, 50ms);
     cb.stashResource(resource);
-    const auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                            {.workDuration = 100,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
 
@@ -408,7 +418,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, basicTwoAlarmSetting) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
             .Times(4)
             .WillOnce(Return(1055))
             .WillOnce(Return(1063))
@@ -423,8 +433,8 @@
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 250, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 250, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
     advanceToNextCallback();
@@ -436,7 +446,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, noCloseCallbacksAfterPeriodChange) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
             .Times(4)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000))
             .WillOnce(Return(2000))
@@ -450,21 +460,21 @@
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 0});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 0});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls[0], Eq(1000));
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(2));
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls[1], Eq(2000));
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
 
@@ -473,7 +483,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, rearmsFaroutTimeoutWhenCancellingCloseOne) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
             .Times(4)
             .WillOnce(Return(10000))
             .WillOnce(Return(1000))
@@ -488,10 +498,10 @@
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                       {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod * 10});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 250, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
-    mDispatch.cancel(cb1);
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0,
+                        {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod * 10});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 250, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    mDispatch->cancel(cb1);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, noUnnecessaryRearmsWhenRescheduling) {
@@ -502,9 +512,9 @@
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 300, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 300, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     advanceToNextCallback();
 }
 
@@ -517,9 +527,9 @@
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     advanceToNextCallback();
 }
 
@@ -537,10 +547,10 @@
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                       {.workDuration = closeOffset, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1,
+                        {.workDuration = closeOffset, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
     ASSERT_THAT(cb0.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
@@ -548,9 +558,11 @@
     ASSERT_THAT(cb1.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
     EXPECT_THAT(cb1.mCalls[0], Eq(mPeriod));
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                       {.workDuration = notCloseOffset, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1,
+                        {.workDuration = notCloseOffset,
+                         .readyDuration = 0,
+                         .earliestVsync = 2000});
     advanceToNextCallback();
     ASSERT_THAT(cb1.mCalls.size(), Eq(2));
     EXPECT_THAT(cb1.mCalls[1], Eq(2000));
@@ -570,32 +582,32 @@
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     advanceToNextCallback();
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb0), CancelResult::Cancelled);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch->cancel(cb0), CancelResult::Cancelled);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, setAlarmCallsAtCorrectTimeWithChangingVsync) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
             .Times(3)
             .WillOnce(Return(950))
             .WillOnce(Return(1975))
             .WillOnce(Return(2950));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 920});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 920});
 
     mMockClock.advanceBy(850);
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1900});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1900});
     mMockClock.advanceBy(900);
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
     mMockClock.advanceBy(125);
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(2));
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2900});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2900});
     mMockClock.advanceBy(975);
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(3));
 }
@@ -606,48 +618,48 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 1900)).InSequence(seq);
 
     VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken tmp;
-    tmp = mDispatch.registerCallback(
+    tmp = mDispatch->registerCallback(
             [&](auto, auto, auto) {
-                mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
-                                   {.workDuration = 100,
-                                    .readyDuration = 0,
-                                    .earliestVsync = 2000});
+                mDispatch->schedule(tmp,
+                                    {.workDuration = 100,
+                                     .readyDuration = 0,
+                                     .earliestVsync = 2000});
             },
             "o.o");
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(tmp, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(tmp, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     advanceToNextCallback();
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, callbackReentrantWithPastWakeup) {
     VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken tmp;
     std::optional<nsecs_t> lastTarget;
-    tmp = mDispatch.registerCallback(
+    tmp = mDispatch->registerCallback(
             [&](auto timestamp, auto, auto) {
                 auto result =
-                        mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
-                                           {.workDuration = 400,
-                                            .readyDuration = 0,
-                                            .earliestVsync = timestamp - mVsyncMoveThreshold});
-                EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
-                EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod + timestamp - 400, *result);
-                result = mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
+                        mDispatch->schedule(tmp,
                                             {.workDuration = 400,
                                              .readyDuration = 0,
-                                             .earliestVsync = timestamp});
+                                             .earliestVsync = timestamp - mVsyncMoveThreshold});
                 EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
                 EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod + timestamp - 400, *result);
-                result = mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
-                                            {.workDuration = 400,
-                                             .readyDuration = 0,
-                                             .earliestVsync = timestamp + mVsyncMoveThreshold});
+                result = mDispatch->schedule(tmp,
+                                             {.workDuration = 400,
+                                              .readyDuration = 0,
+                                              .earliestVsync = timestamp});
+                EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod + timestamp - 400, *result);
+                result = mDispatch->schedule(tmp,
+                                             {.workDuration = 400,
+                                              .readyDuration = 0,
+                                              .earliestVsync = timestamp + mVsyncMoveThreshold});
                 EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
                 EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod + timestamp - 400, *result);
                 lastTarget = timestamp;
             },
             "oo");
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(tmp, {.workDuration = 999, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(tmp, {.workDuration = 999, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     advanceToNextCallback();
     EXPECT_THAT(lastTarget, Eq(1000));
 
@@ -663,16 +675,16 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 1900)).InSequence(seq);
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 0, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 0, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 
     mMockClock.advanceBy(750);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
 
     mMockClock.advanceBy(800);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, lateModifications) {
@@ -685,12 +697,12 @@
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 150, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 150, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
     advanceToNextCallback();
@@ -702,8 +714,8 @@
 
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 20000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb1, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 20000});
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, setsTimerAfterCancellation) {
@@ -713,29 +725,30 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 900)).InSequence(seq);
 
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.cancel(cb0);
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->cancel(cb0);
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb0, {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, makingUpIdsError) {
     VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken token(100);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDispatch
-                         .schedule(token,
-                                   {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000})
-                         .has_value());
-    EXPECT_THAT(mDispatch.cancel(token), Eq(CancelResult::Error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(
+            mDispatch
+                    ->schedule(token,
+                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000})
+                    .has_value());
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDispatch->cancel(token), Eq(CancelResult::Error));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, canMoveCallbackBackwardsInTime) {
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb0,
+                                {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb0,
+                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
 }
@@ -745,14 +758,14 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 500));
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(400);
 
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                {.workDuration = 800, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                 {.workDuration = 800, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(1200, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
@@ -760,19 +773,19 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, targetOffsetMovingBackALittleCanStillSchedule) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
             .Times(2)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000))
             .WillOnce(Return(1002));
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(400);
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(602, *result);
 }
@@ -780,13 +793,13 @@
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, canScheduleNegativeOffsetAgainstDifferentPeriods) {
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb0,
+                                {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                {.workDuration = 1100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb0,
+                                 {.workDuration = 1100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
 }
@@ -797,13 +810,13 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 1100)).InSequence(seq);
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb0,
+                                {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                {.workDuration = 1900, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb0,
+                                 {.workDuration = 1900, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(1100, *result);
 }
@@ -813,13 +826,13 @@
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                {.workDuration = 1400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                 {.workDuration = 1400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
@@ -865,16 +878,16 @@
     CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
 
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb1,
+                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
 
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb2,
+                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(1900, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(80);
@@ -893,16 +906,16 @@
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
 
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
 
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                {.workDuration = 370, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                 {.workDuration = 370, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(1630, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(80);
@@ -919,19 +932,19 @@
     CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
 
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb1,
+                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb2,
+                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(1900, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb2), CancelResult::Cancelled);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch->cancel(cb2), CancelResult::Cancelled);
 
     mMockClock.advanceBy(80);
 
@@ -948,19 +961,19 @@
     CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
 
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb1,
+                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb2,
+                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(1900, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb1), CancelResult::Cancelled);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch->cancel(cb1), CancelResult::Cancelled);
 
     EXPECT_THAT(cb1.mCalls.size(), Eq(0));
     EXPECT_THAT(cb2.mCalls.size(), Eq(0));
@@ -975,21 +988,21 @@
     CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
 
     Sequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
             .InSequence(seq)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000));
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 600)).InSequence(seq);
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000))
             .InSequence(seq)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000));
 
     auto result =
-            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+            mDispatch->schedule(cb1,
+                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
-    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                {.workDuration = 390, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    result = mDispatch->schedule(cb2,
+                                 {.workDuration = 390, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(610, *result);
 
@@ -1011,10 +1024,10 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 900));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                           {.workDuration = 70,
-                                            .readyDuration = 30,
-                                            .earliestVsync = intended});
+    const auto result = mDispatch->schedule(cb,
+                                            {.workDuration = 70,
+                                             .readyDuration = 30,
+                                             .earliestVsync = intended});
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
     EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
@@ -1033,8 +1046,8 @@
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
 
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
-    mDispatch.schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 1400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    mDispatch->schedule(cb, {.workDuration = 1400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
 
@@ -1052,7 +1065,8 @@
 protected:
     nsecs_t const mPeriod = 1000;
     nsecs_t const mVsyncMoveThreshold = 200;
-    NiceMock<MockVSyncTracker> mStubTracker{mPeriod};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<MockVSyncTracker>> mStubTracker =
+            std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockVSyncTracker>>(mPeriod);
 };
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntryTest, stateAfterInitialization) {
@@ -1070,7 +1084,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.wakeupTime());
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
@@ -1084,7 +1098,7 @@
     auto const duration = 500;
     auto const now = 8750;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(now + duration))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(now + duration))
             .Times(1)
             .WillOnce(Return(10000));
     VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry entry(
@@ -1092,7 +1106,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.wakeupTime());
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 994},
-                               mStubTracker, now)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), now)
                         .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
@@ -1115,7 +1129,7 @@
             mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
@@ -1137,7 +1151,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntryTest, updateCallback) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
             .Times(2)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000))
             .WillOnce(Return(1020));
@@ -1146,17 +1160,17 @@
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.wakeupTime());
-    entry.update(mStubTracker, 0);
+    entry.update(*mStubTracker.get(), 0);
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.wakeupTime());
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     auto wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
     EXPECT_THAT(wakeup, Eq(900));
 
-    entry.update(mStubTracker, 0);
+    entry.update(*mStubTracker.get(), 0);
     wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
     EXPECT_THAT(*wakeup, Eq(920));
@@ -1166,9 +1180,9 @@
     VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry entry(
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
-    entry.update(mStubTracker, 0);
+    entry.update(*mStubTracker.get(), 0);
 
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
@@ -1179,24 +1193,24 @@
     VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry entry(
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     entry.executing(); // 1000 is executing
     // had 1000 not been executing, this could have been scheduled for time 800.
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.wakeupTime(), Eq(1800));
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.readyTime(), Eq(2000));
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.wakeupTime(), Eq(1950));
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.readyTime(), Eq(2000));
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1001},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.wakeupTime(), Eq(1800));
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.readyTime(), Eq(2000));
@@ -1208,24 +1222,24 @@
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     Sequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(500))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(500))
             .InSequence(seq)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(500))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(500))
             .InSequence(seq)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000 + mVsyncMoveThreshold))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mStubTracker.get(), nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000 + mVsyncMoveThreshold))
             .InSequence(seq)
             .WillOnce(Return(2000));
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
 
     entry.executing(); // 1000 is executing
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
 }
 
@@ -1233,16 +1247,16 @@
     VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry entry(
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 1200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
 }
 
@@ -1255,7 +1269,7 @@
     entry.addPendingWorkloadUpdate(
             {.workDuration = effectualOffset, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 400});
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.hasPendingWorkloadUpdate());
-    entry.update(mStubTracker, 0);
+    entry.update(*mStubTracker.get(), 0);
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.hasPendingWorkloadUpdate());
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.wakeupTime(), Eq(mPeriod - effectualOffset));
 }
@@ -1276,7 +1290,7 @@
             mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 70, .readyDuration = 30, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                               *mStubTracker.get(), 0)
                         .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
index db531bf..43d683d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
     return vsyncs;
 }
 
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(42u);
+
 struct VSyncPredictorTest : testing::Test {
     nsecs_t mNow = 0;
     nsecs_t mPeriod = 1000;
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@
     static constexpr size_t kOutlierTolerancePercent = 25;
     static constexpr nsecs_t mMaxRoundingError = 100;
 
-    VSyncPredictor tracker{mPeriod, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
+    VSyncPredictor tracker{DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, mPeriod, kHistorySize, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
                            kOutlierTolerancePercent};
 };
 
@@ -376,7 +378,8 @@
 
 // See b/151146131
 TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, hasEnoughPrecision) {
-    VSyncPredictor tracker{mPeriod, 20, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction, kOutlierTolerancePercent};
+    VSyncPredictor tracker{DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, mPeriod, 20, kMinimumSamplesForPrediction,
+                           kOutlierTolerancePercent};
     std::vector<nsecs_t> const simulatedVsyncs{840873348817, 840890049444, 840906762675,
                                                840923581635, 840940161584, 840956868096,
                                                840973702473, 840990256277, 841007116851,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
index fb8d989..122192b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
@@ -91,13 +91,15 @@
     return ft;
 }
 
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(42u);
+
 class VSyncReactorTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     VSyncReactorTest()
           : mMockTracker(std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockVSyncTracker>>()),
             mMockClock(std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockClock>>()),
-            mReactor(std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mMockClock), *mMockTracker, kPendingLimit,
-                     false /* supportKernelIdleTimer */) {
+            mReactor(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mMockClock), *mMockTracker,
+                     kPendingLimit, false /* supportKernelIdleTimer */) {
         ON_CALL(*mMockClock, now()).WillByDefault(Return(mFakeNow));
         ON_CALL(*mMockTracker, currentPeriod()).WillByDefault(Return(period));
     }
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@
     mReactor.setIgnorePresentFences(true);
 
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(0, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@
 TEST_F(VSyncReactorTest, setPeriodCalledOnceConfirmedChange) {
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
     EXPECT_CALL(*mMockTracker, setPeriod(_)).Times(0);
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     bool periodFlushed = true;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(10000, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@
 TEST_F(VSyncReactorTest, changingPeriodBackAbortsConfirmationProcess) {
     nsecs_t sampleTime = 0;
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
     bool periodFlushed = true;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(sampleTime += period, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
@@ -232,7 +234,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(sampleTime += period, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
 
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(period);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(period, false);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(sampleTime += period, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
 }
@@ -242,13 +244,13 @@
     nsecs_t const secondPeriod = 5000;
     nsecs_t const thirdPeriod = 2000;
 
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(secondPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(secondPeriod, false);
     bool periodFlushed = true;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(sampleTime += period, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(sampleTime += period, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(thirdPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(thirdPeriod, false);
     EXPECT_TRUE(
             mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(sampleTime += secondPeriod, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
@@ -289,14 +291,14 @@
 
 TEST_F(VSyncReactorTest, presentFenceAdditionDoesNotInterruptConfirmationProcess) {
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addPresentFence(generateSignalledFenceWithTime(0)));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncReactorTest, setPeriodCalledFirstTwoEventsNewPeriod) {
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
     EXPECT_CALL(*mMockTracker, setPeriod(_)).Times(0);
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     bool periodFlushed = true;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(5000, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@
     bool periodFlushed = false;
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 4000;
 
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     auto time = 0;
     auto constexpr numTimestampSubmissions = 10;
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@
     bool periodFlushed = false;
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 4000;
 
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     auto time = 0;
     // If the power mode is not DOZE or DOZE_SUSPEND, it is still collecting timestamps.
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@
     auto time = 0;
     bool periodFlushed = false;
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 4000;
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     time += period;
     mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(time, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed);
@@ -379,7 +381,7 @@
     auto time = 0;
     bool periodFlushed = false;
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 4000;
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     static auto constexpr numSamplesWithNewPeriod = 4;
     Sequence seq;
@@ -406,7 +408,7 @@
     auto time = 0;
     bool periodFlushed = false;
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 4000;
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     Sequence seq;
     EXPECT_CALL(*mMockTracker, needsMoreSamples())
@@ -426,7 +428,7 @@
     nsecs_t const newPeriod1 = 4000;
     nsecs_t const newPeriod2 = 7000;
 
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod1);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod1, false);
 
     Sequence seq;
     EXPECT_CALL(*mMockTracker, needsMoreSamples())
@@ -445,7 +447,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(time += newPeriod1, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(time += newPeriod1, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
 
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod2);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod2, false);
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(time += newPeriod1, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(time += newPeriod2, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(time += newPeriod2, std::nullopt, &periodFlushed));
@@ -458,7 +460,7 @@
     mReactor.setIgnorePresentFences(true);
 
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
-    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    mReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(mReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(0, 0, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
@@ -472,8 +474,9 @@
 
 TEST_F(VSyncReactorTest, periodIsMeasuredIfIgnoringComposer) {
     // Create a reactor which supports the kernel idle timer
-    auto idleReactor = VSyncReactor(std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mMockClock), *mMockTracker,
-                                    kPendingLimit, true /* supportKernelIdleTimer */);
+    auto idleReactor =
+            VSyncReactor(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, std::make_unique<ClockWrapper>(mMockClock),
+                         *mMockTracker, kPendingLimit, true /* supportKernelIdleTimer */);
 
     bool periodFlushed = true;
     EXPECT_CALL(*mMockTracker, addVsyncTimestamp(_)).Times(4);
@@ -481,7 +484,7 @@
 
     // First, set the same period, which should only be confirmed when we receive two
     // matching callbacks
-    idleReactor.startPeriodTransition(10000);
+    idleReactor.startPeriodTransition(10000, false);
     EXPECT_TRUE(idleReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(0, 0, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
     // Correct period but incorrect timestamp delta
@@ -494,7 +497,7 @@
     // Then, set a new period, which should be confirmed as soon as we receive a callback
     // reporting the new period
     nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
-    idleReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod);
+    idleReactor.startPeriodTransition(newPeriod, false);
     // Incorrect timestamp delta and period
     EXPECT_TRUE(idleReactor.addHwVsyncTimestamp(20000, 10000, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp
index 652d313..adf0804 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncScheduleTest.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(42u);
+
 class VsyncScheduleTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     VsyncScheduleTest();
@@ -42,8 +44,9 @@
     scheduler::mock::SchedulerCallback mCallback;
     const std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> mVsyncSchedule =
             std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>(
-                    new scheduler::VsyncSchedule(std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
-                                                 std::make_unique<mock::VSyncDispatch>(),
+                    new scheduler::VsyncSchedule(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                                 std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
+                                                 std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>(),
                                                  std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>()));
 
     mock::VsyncController& getController() {
@@ -72,13 +75,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, EnableDoesNothingWhenDisallowed) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
 
     mVsyncSchedule->enableHardwareVsync(mCallback);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, DisableDoesNothingWhenDisallowed) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
 
     mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
 }
@@ -89,25 +92,25 @@
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, DisableDoesNothingWhenDisabled) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
 
     mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, EnableWorksWhenDisabled) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, true));
 
     mVsyncSchedule->enableHardwareVsync(mCallback);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, EnableWorksOnce) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, true));
 
     mVsyncSchedule->enableHardwareVsync(mCallback);
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
     mVsyncSchedule->enableHardwareVsync(mCallback);
 }
 
@@ -118,11 +121,11 @@
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, EnableDisable) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, true));
 
     mVsyncSchedule->enableHardwareVsync(mCallback);
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, false));
     mVsyncSchedule->disableHardwareVsync(mCallback, false /* disallow */);
 }
 
@@ -133,10 +136,10 @@
 
     const Period period = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(true));
-    EXPECT_CALL(getController(), startPeriodTransition(period.ns()));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(getController(), startPeriodTransition(period.ns(), false));
 
-    mVsyncSchedule->startPeriodTransition(mCallback, period);
+    mVsyncSchedule->startPeriodTransition(mCallback, period, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, StartPeriodTransitionAlreadyEnabled) {
@@ -145,17 +148,28 @@
 
     const Period period = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
-    EXPECT_CALL(getController(), startPeriodTransition(period.ns()));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(getController(), startPeriodTransition(period.ns(), false));
 
-    mVsyncSchedule->startPeriodTransition(mCallback, period);
+    mVsyncSchedule->startPeriodTransition(mCallback, period, false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, StartPeriodTransitionForce) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mVsyncSchedule->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(true /* makeAllowed */));
+
+    const Period period = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(getController(), startPeriodTransition(period.ns(), true));
+
+    mVsyncSchedule->startPeriodTransition(mCallback, period, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VsyncScheduleTest, AddResyncSampleDisallowed) {
     const Period period = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
     const auto timestamp = TimePoint::now();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
     EXPECT_CALL(getController(), addHwVsyncTimestamp(_, _, _)).Times(0);
 
     mVsyncSchedule->addResyncSample(mCallback, timestamp, period);
@@ -166,7 +180,7 @@
     const Period period = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
     const auto timestamp = TimePoint::now();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
     EXPECT_CALL(getController(), addHwVsyncTimestamp(_, _, _)).Times(0);
 
     mVsyncSchedule->addResyncSample(mCallback, timestamp, period);
@@ -179,7 +193,7 @@
     const Period period = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
     const auto timestamp = TimePoint::now();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(_, _)).Times(0);
     EXPECT_CALL(getController(),
                 addHwVsyncTimestamp(timestamp.ns(), std::optional<nsecs_t>(period.ns()), _))
             .WillOnce(Return(true));
@@ -194,7 +208,7 @@
     const Period period = (60_Hz).getPeriod();
     const auto timestamp = TimePoint::now();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mCallback, setVsyncEnabled(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, false));
     EXPECT_CALL(getController(),
                 addHwVsyncTimestamp(timestamp.ns(), std::optional<nsecs_t>(period.ns()), _))
             .WillOnce(Return(false));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
index 8026a7a..8d57049 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
@@ -29,26 +29,28 @@
     EventThread();
     ~EventThread() override;
 
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(createEventConnection,
-                       sp<EventThreadConnection>(ResyncCallback, EventRegistrationFlags));
+    MOCK_METHOD(sp<EventThreadConnection>, createEventConnection,
+                (ResyncCallback, EventRegistrationFlags), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, enableSyntheticVsync, (bool), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(onHotplugReceived, void(PhysicalDisplayId, bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(onModeChanged, void(const scheduler::FrameRateMode &));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(onFrameRateOverridesChanged,
-                 void(PhysicalDisplayId, std::vector<FrameRateOverride>));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setDuration,
-                 void(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                      std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(registerDisplayEventConnection,
-                 status_t(const sp<android::EventThreadConnection> &));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setVsyncRate, void(uint32_t, const sp<android::EventThreadConnection> &));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(requestNextVsync, void(const sp<android::EventThreadConnection> &));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onHotplugReceived, (PhysicalDisplayId, bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onModeChanged, (const scheduler::FrameRateMode&), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onFrameRateOverridesChanged,
+                (PhysicalDisplayId, std::vector<FrameRateOverride>), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, dump, (std::string&), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setDuration,
+                (std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(status_t, registerDisplayEventConnection,
+                (const sp<android::EventThreadConnection>&), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setVsyncRate, (uint32_t, const sp<android::EventThreadConnection>&),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, requestNextVsync, (const sp<android::EventThreadConnection>&), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(VsyncEventData, getLatestVsyncEventData,
-                (const sp<android::EventThreadConnection> &), (const));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(requestLatestConfig, void(const sp<android::EventThreadConnection> &));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(pauseVsyncCallback, void(bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(getEventThreadConnectionCount, size_t());
+                (const sp<android::EventThreadConnection>&), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, requestLatestConfig, (const sp<android::EventThreadConnection>&));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pauseVsyncCallback, (bool));
+    MOCK_METHOD(size_t, getEventThreadConnectionCount, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onNewVsyncSchedule, (std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>), (override));
 };
 
 } // namespace android::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
index 103beb5..a8eca21 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@
 namespace android::scheduler::mock {
 
 struct SchedulerCallback final : ISchedulerCallback {
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, setVsyncEnabled, (bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setVsyncEnabled, (PhysicalDisplayId, bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, requestDisplayModes, (std::vector<display::DisplayModeRequest>), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, kernelTimerChanged, (bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged, (), (override));
 };
 
 struct NoOpSchedulerCallback final : ISchedulerCallback {
-    void setVsyncEnabled(bool) override {}
+    void setVsyncEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId, bool) override {}
     void requestDisplayModes(std::vector<display::DisplayModeRequest>) override {}
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool) override {}
     void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() override {}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h
index 4ef91da..69ec60a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
     ~VsyncController() override;
 
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, addPresentFence, (std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD3(addHwVsyncTimestamp, bool(nsecs_t, std::optional<nsecs_t>, bool*));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(startPeriodTransition, void(nsecs_t));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(setIgnorePresentFences, void(bool));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, addHwVsyncTimestamp, (nsecs_t, std::optional<nsecs_t>, bool*), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, startPeriodTransition, (nsecs_t, bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setIgnorePresentFences, (bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, setDisplayPowerMode, (hal::PowerMode), (override));
 
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, dump, (std::string&), (const, override));
 };
 
 } // namespace android::mock