diff --git a/include/binder/Parcel.h b/include/binder/Parcel.h
index 3fa2acb..33b2f00 100644
--- a/include/binder/Parcel.h
+++ b/include/binder/Parcel.h
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@
     
     // Place a file descriptor into the parcel.  The given fd must remain
     // valid for the lifetime of the parcel.
-    status_t            writeFileDescriptor(int fd);
+    // The Parcel does not take ownership of the given fd unless you ask it to.
+    status_t            writeFileDescriptor(int fd, bool takeOwnership = false);
     
     // Place a file descriptor into the parcel.  A dup of the fd is made, which
     // will be closed once the parcel is destroyed.
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index c7180ce..6b4c1a6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -710,24 +710,19 @@
     return err;
 }
 
-status_t Parcel::writeFileDescriptor(int fd)
+status_t Parcel::writeFileDescriptor(int fd, bool takeOwnership)
 {
     flat_binder_object obj;
     obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_FD;
     obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;
     obj.handle = fd;
-    obj.cookie = (void*)0;
+    obj.cookie = (void*) (takeOwnership ? 1 : 0);
     return writeObject(obj, true);
 }
 
 status_t Parcel::writeDupFileDescriptor(int fd)
 {
-    flat_binder_object obj;
-    obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_FD;
-    obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;
-    obj.handle = dup(fd);
-    obj.cookie = (void*)1;
-    return writeObject(obj, true);
+    return writeFileDescriptor(dup(fd), true /*takeOwnership*/);
 }
 
 status_t Parcel::writeBlob(size_t len, WritableBlob* outBlob)
@@ -764,7 +759,7 @@
             } else {
                 status = writeInt32(1);
                 if (!status) {
-                    status = writeFileDescriptor(fd);
+                    status = writeFileDescriptor(fd, true /*takeOwnership*/);
                     if (!status) {
                         outBlob->init(true /*mapped*/, ptr, len);
                         return NO_ERROR;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk
index 61a8358..b916bd7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@
 	LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DHAS_CONTEXT_PRIORITY -DNEVER_DEFAULT_TO_ASYNC_MODE
 endif
 
+ifneq (,$(findstring $(TARGET_DEVICE),tuna toro maguro))
+	LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DREFRESH_RATE=48
+endif
+
 
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
 	libcutils \
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayHardware.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayHardware.cpp
index f4be168..329c052 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayHardware.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayHardware.cpp
@@ -141,6 +141,17 @@
     mDpiY = mNativeWindow->ydpi;
     mRefreshRate = fbDev->fps;
 
+
+/* FIXME: this is a temporary HACK until we are able to report the refresh rate
+ * properly from the HAL. The WindowManagerService now relies on this value.
+ */
+#ifndef REFRESH_RATE
+    mRefreshRate = fbDev->fps;
+#else
+    mRefreshRate = REFRESH_RATE;
+#warning "refresh rate set via makefile to REFRESH_RATE"
+#endif
+
     EGLint w, h, dummy;
     EGLint numConfigs=0;
     EGLSurface surface;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.cpp
index e30ccbf..68e6660 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayHardware.h"
 
+
 namespace android {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -45,23 +46,64 @@
     }
 }
 
+status_t LayerScreenshot::captureLocked() {
+    GLfloat u, v;
+    status_t result = mFlinger->renderScreenToTextureLocked(0, &mTextureName, &u, &v);
+    if (result != NO_ERROR) {
+        return result;
+    }
+    initTexture(u, v);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 status_t LayerScreenshot::capture() {
     GLfloat u, v;
     status_t result = mFlinger->renderScreenToTexture(0, &mTextureName, &u, &v);
     if (result != NO_ERROR) {
         return result;
     }
+    initTexture(u, v);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
 
+void LayerScreenshot::initTexture(GLfloat u, GLfloat v) {
     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextureName);
     glTexParameterx(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
     glTexParameterx(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
-
     mTexCoords[0] = 0;         mTexCoords[1] = v;
     mTexCoords[2] = 0;         mTexCoords[3] = 0;
     mTexCoords[4] = u;         mTexCoords[5] = 0;
     mTexCoords[6] = u;         mTexCoords[7] = v;
+}
 
-    return NO_ERROR;
+void LayerScreenshot::initStates(uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags) {
+    LayerBaseClient::initStates(w, h, flags);
+    if (!(flags & ISurfaceComposer::eHidden)) {
+        capture();
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t LayerScreenshot::doTransaction(uint32_t flags)
+{
+    const Layer::State& draw(drawingState());
+    const Layer::State& curr(currentState());
+
+    if (draw.flags & ISurfaceComposer::eLayerHidden) {
+        if (!(curr.flags & ISurfaceComposer::eLayerHidden)) {
+            // we're going from hidden to visible
+            status_t err = captureLocked();
+            if (err != NO_ERROR) {
+                LOGW("createScreenshotSurface failed (%s)", strerror(-err));
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (curr.flags & ISurfaceComposer::eLayerHidden) {
+        // we're going from visible to hidden
+        if (mTextureName) {
+            glDeleteTextures(1, &mTextureName);
+            mTextureName = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return LayerBaseClient::doTransaction(flags);
 }
 
 void LayerScreenshot::onDraw(const Region& clip) const
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.h
index e3a2b19..ab90047 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerScreenshot.h
@@ -41,12 +41,18 @@
 
         status_t capture();
 
+    virtual void initStates(uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags);
+    virtual uint32_t doTransaction(uint32_t flags);
     virtual void onDraw(const Region& clip) const;
     virtual bool isOpaque() const         { return false; }
     virtual bool isSecure() const         { return false; }
     virtual bool isProtectedByApp() const { return false; }
     virtual bool isProtectedByDRM() const { return false; }
     virtual const char* getTypeId() const { return "LayerScreenshot"; }
+
+private:
+    status_t captureLocked();
+    void initTexture(GLfloat u, GLfloat v);
 };
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index a6d4147..1b00e93 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1217,23 +1217,25 @@
         sp<Client> client( static_cast<Client *>(s.client.get()) );
         transactionFlags |= setClientStateLocked(client, s.state);
     }
-    if (transactionFlags) {
-        setTransactionFlags(transactionFlags);
-    }
 
-    // if this is a synchronous transaction, wait for it to take effect before
-    // returning.
-    if (flags & eSynchronous) {
-        mTransationPending = true;
-    }
-    while (mTransationPending) {
-        status_t err = mTransactionCV.waitRelative(mStateLock, s2ns(5));
-        if (CC_UNLIKELY(err != NO_ERROR)) {
-            // just in case something goes wrong in SF, return to the
-            // called after a few seconds.
-            LOGW_IF(err == TIMED_OUT, "closeGlobalTransaction timed out!");
-            mTransationPending = false;
-            break;
+    if (transactionFlags) {
+        // this triggers the transaction
+        setTransactionFlags(transactionFlags);
+
+        // if this is a synchronous transaction, wait for it to take effect
+        // before returning.
+        if (flags & eSynchronous) {
+            mTransationPending = true;
+        }
+        while (mTransationPending) {
+            status_t err = mTransactionCV.waitRelative(mStateLock, s2ns(5));
+            if (CC_UNLIKELY(err != NO_ERROR)) {
+                // just in case something goes wrong in SF, return to the
+                // called after a few seconds.
+                LOGW_IF(err == TIMED_OUT, "closeGlobalTransaction timed out!");
+                mTransationPending = false;
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1360,11 +1362,6 @@
         uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags)
 {
     sp<LayerScreenshot> layer = new LayerScreenshot(this, display, client);
-    status_t err = layer->capture();
-    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-        layer.clear();
-        LOGW("createScreenshotSurface failed (%s)", strerror(-err));
-    }
     return layer;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index ea5bfa7..17028db 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -186,6 +186,8 @@
 
             status_t renderScreenToTexture(DisplayID dpy,
                     GLuint* textureName, GLfloat* uOut, GLfloat* vOut);
+            status_t renderScreenToTextureLocked(DisplayID dpy,
+                    GLuint* textureName, GLfloat* uOut, GLfloat* vOut);
 
             status_t postMessageAsync(const sp<MessageBase>& msg,
                     nsecs_t reltime=0, uint32_t flags = 0);
@@ -328,8 +330,6 @@
             status_t turnElectronBeamOnImplLocked(int32_t mode);
             status_t electronBeamOffAnimationImplLocked();
             status_t electronBeamOnAnimationImplLocked();
-            status_t renderScreenToTextureLocked(DisplayID dpy,
-                    GLuint* textureName, GLfloat* uOut, GLfloat* vOut);
 
             void        debugFlashRegions();
             void        debugShowFPS() const;