diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h
index 3e93788..0699fef 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@
 
   explicit operator bool() const { return epoll_fd_.IsValid(); }
 
+  int GetBufferId(size_t slot) const {
+    return (slot < buffers_.size() && buffers_[slot]) ? buffers_[slot]->id()
+                                                      : -1;
+  }
+
   std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBuffer> GetBuffer(size_t slot) const {
     return buffers_[slot];
   }
@@ -218,7 +223,7 @@
   // Tracks the buffers belonging to this queue. Buffers are stored according to
   // "slot" in this vector. Each slot is a logical id of the buffer within this
   // queue regardless of its queue position or presence in the ring buffer.
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBuffer>> buffers_{kMaxQueueCapacity};
+  std::array<std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBuffer>, kMaxQueueCapacity> buffers_;
 
   // Buffers and related data that are available for dequeue.
   RingBuffer<Entry> available_buffers_{kMaxQueueCapacity};
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer.cpp b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer.cpp
index 4d9b215..1a99234 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer.cpp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,13 @@
 }
 
 void dvrWriteBufferDestroy(DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer) {
-  delete write_buffer;
+  if (write_buffer != nullptr) {
+    ALOGW_IF(
+        write_buffer->slot != -1,
+        "dvrWriteBufferDestroy: Destroying a buffer associated with a valid "
+        "buffer queue slot. This may indicate possible leaks.");
+    delete write_buffer;
+  }
 }
 
 int dvrWriteBufferIsValid(DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer) {
@@ -107,7 +113,15 @@
     *read_buffer = new DvrReadBuffer;
 }
 
-void dvrReadBufferDestroy(DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer) { delete read_buffer; }
+void dvrReadBufferDestroy(DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer) {
+  if (read_buffer != nullptr) {
+    ALOGW_IF(
+        read_buffer->slot != -1,
+        "dvrReadBufferDestroy: Destroying a buffer associated with a valid "
+        "buffer queue slot. This may indicate possible leaks.");
+    delete read_buffer;
+  }
+}
 
 int dvrReadBufferIsValid(DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer) {
   return read_buffer && read_buffer->read_buffer;
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue.cpp b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue.cpp
index 4adb5d2..035252d 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue.cpp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 }
 
 int DvrWriteBufferQueue::Dequeue(int timeout, DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer,
-                                 int* out_fence_fd) {
+                                 int* out_fence_fd, size_t* out_slot) {
   size_t slot;
   pdx::LocalHandle fence;
   std::shared_ptr<BufferProducer> buffer_producer;
@@ -141,6 +141,86 @@
 
   write_buffer->write_buffer = std::move(buffer_producer);
   *out_fence_fd = fence.Release();
+  if (out_slot) {
+    // TODO(b/65469368): Remove this null check once dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue
+    // is deprecated.
+    *out_slot = slot;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int DvrWriteBufferQueue::GainBuffer(int timeout,
+                                    DvrWriteBuffer** out_write_buffer,
+                                    DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+                                    int* out_fence_fd) {
+  DvrWriteBuffer write_buffer;
+  int fence_fd;
+  size_t slot;
+  const int ret = Dequeue(timeout, &write_buffer, &fence_fd, &slot);
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    ALOGE_IF(
+        ret != -ETIMEDOUT,
+        "DvrWriteBufferQueue::GainBuffer: Failed to dequeue buffer, ret=%d",
+        ret);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  if (write_buffers_[slot] == nullptr) {
+    // Lazy initialization of a write_buffers_ slot. Note that a slot will only
+    // be dynamically allocated once during the entire cycle life of a queue.
+    write_buffers_[slot] = std::make_unique<DvrWriteBuffer>();
+    write_buffers_[slot]->slot = slot;
+  }
+
+  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
+      write_buffers_[slot]->write_buffer,
+      "DvrWriteBufferQueue::GainBuffer: Buffer slot is not empty: %zu", slot);
+  write_buffers_[slot]->write_buffer = std::move(write_buffer.write_buffer);
+
+  *out_write_buffer = write_buffers_[slot].release();
+  *out_fence_fd = fence_fd;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int DvrWriteBufferQueue::PostBuffer(DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer,
+                                    const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta,
+                                    int ready_fence_fd) {
+  LOG_FATAL_IF(
+      (write_buffers->slot < 0 || write_buffers->slot >= write_buffers_.size()),
+      "DvrWriteBufferQueue::ReleaseBuffer: Invalid slot: %zu", slot);
+
+  // Some basic sanity checks before we put the buffer back into a slot.
+  size_t slot = static_cast<size_t>(write_buffer->slot);
+  if (write_buffers_[slot] != nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("DvrWriteBufferQueue::PostBuffer: Slot is not empty: %zu", slot);
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+  if (write_buffer->write_buffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("DvrWriteBufferQueue::PostBuffer: Invalid write buffer.");
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+  if (write_buffer->write_buffer->id() != producer_queue_->GetBufferId(slot)) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "DvrWriteBufferQueue::PostBuffer: Buffer to be released does not "
+        "belong to this buffer queue.");
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  pdx::LocalHandle fence(ready_fence_fd);
+  // TODO(b/65455724): All BufferHub operations should be async.
+  const int ret = write_buffer->write_buffer->Post(fence, meta, sizeof(*meta));
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    ALOGE("DvrWriteBufferQueue::PostBuffer: Failed to post buffer, ret=%d",
+          ret);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  // Put the DvrWriteBuffer pointer back into its slot for reuse.
+  write_buffers_[slot].reset(write_buffer);
+  // It's import to reset the write buffer client now. It should stay invalid
+  // until next GainBuffer on the same slot.
+  write_buffers_[slot]->write_buffer = nullptr;
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -236,7 +316,29 @@
   if (!write_queue || !write_buffer || !out_fence_fd)
     return -EINVAL;
 
-  return write_queue->Dequeue(timeout, write_buffer, out_fence_fd);
+  // TODO(b/65469368): Deprecate this API once new GainBuffer API is in use.
+  return write_queue->Dequeue(timeout, write_buffer, out_fence_fd, nullptr);
+}
+
+int dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue, int timeout,
+                                  DvrWriteBuffer** out_write_buffer,
+                                  DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+                                  int* out_fence_fd) {
+  if (!write_queue || !out_write_buffer || !out_meta || !out_fence_fd)
+    return -EINVAL;
+
+  return write_queue->GainBuffer(timeout, out_write_buffer, out_meta,
+                                 out_fence_fd);
+}
+
+int dvrWriteBufferQueuePostBuffer(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue,
+                                  DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer,
+                                  const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta,
+                                  int ready_fence_fd) {
+  if (!write_queue || !write_buffer || !write_buffer->write_buffer || !meta)
+    return -EINVAL;
+
+  return write_queue->PostBuffer(write_buffer, meta, ready_fence_fd);
 }
 
 int dvrWriteBufferQueueResizeBuffer(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue,
@@ -268,8 +370,8 @@
 }
 
 int DvrReadBufferQueue::Dequeue(int timeout, DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer,
-                                int* out_fence_fd, void* out_meta,
-                                size_t meta_size_bytes) {
+                                int* out_fence_fd, size_t* out_slot,
+                                void* out_meta, size_t meta_size_bytes) {
   if (meta_size_bytes != consumer_queue_->metadata_size()) {
     ALOGE(
         "DvrReadBufferQueue::Dequeue: Invalid metadata size, expected (%zu), "
@@ -291,6 +393,95 @@
 
   read_buffer->read_buffer = buffer_status.take();
   *out_fence_fd = acquire_fence.Release();
+
+  if (out_slot) {
+    // TODO(b/65469368): Remove this null check once dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue
+    // is deprecated.
+    *out_slot = slot;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int DvrReadBufferQueue::AcquireBuffer(int timeout,
+                                      DvrReadBuffer** out_read_buffer,
+                                      DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+                                      int* out_fence_fd) {
+  DvrReadBuffer read_buffer;
+  int fence_fd;
+  size_t slot;
+  const int ret = Dequeue(timeout, &read_buffer, &fence_fd, &slot, out_meta,
+                          sizeof(*out_meta));
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    ALOGE_IF(
+        ret != -ETIMEDOUT,
+        "DvrReadBufferQueue::AcquireBuffer: Failed to dequeue buffer, error=%d",
+        ret);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  if (read_buffers_[slot] == nullptr) {
+    // Lazy initialization of a read_buffers_ slot. Note that a slot will only
+    // be dynamically allocated once during the entire cycle life of a queue.
+    read_buffers_[slot] = std::make_unique<DvrReadBuffer>();
+    read_buffers_[slot]->slot = slot;
+  }
+
+  LOG_FATAL_IF(
+      read_buffers_[slot]->read_buffer,
+      "DvrReadBufferQueue::AcquireBuffer: Buffer slot is not empty: %zu", slot);
+  read_buffers_[slot]->read_buffer = std::move(read_buffer.read_buffer);
+
+  *out_read_buffer = read_buffers_[slot].release();
+  *out_fence_fd = fence_fd;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int DvrReadBufferQueue::ReleaseBuffer(DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer,
+                                      const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta,
+                                      int release_fence_fd) {
+  LOG_FATAL_IF(
+      (read_buffers->slot < 0 || read_buffers->slot >= read_buffers_size()),
+      "DvrReadBufferQueue::ReleaseBuffer: Invalid slot: %zu", slot);
+
+  // Some basic sanity checks before we put the buffer back into a slot.
+  size_t slot = static_cast<size_t>(read_buffer->slot);
+  if (read_buffers_[slot] != nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("DvrReadBufferQueue::ReleaseBuffer: Slot is not empty: %zu", slot);
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+  if (read_buffer->read_buffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("DvrReadBufferQueue::ReleaseBuffer: Invalid read buffer.");
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+  if (read_buffer->read_buffer->id() != consumer_queue_->GetBufferId(slot)) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "DvrReadBufferQueue::ReleaseBuffer: Buffer to be released does not "
+        "belong to this buffer queue.");
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  pdx::LocalHandle fence(release_fence_fd);
+  int ret = 0;
+  if (fence) {
+    ret = read_buffer->read_buffer->Release(fence);
+  } else {
+    // TODO(b/65458354): Send metadata back to producer once shared memory based
+    // metadata is implemented.
+    // TODO(b/65455724): All BufferHub operations should be async.
+    ret = read_buffer->read_buffer->ReleaseAsync();
+  }
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    ALOGE("DvrReadBufferQueue::ReleaseBuffer: Failed to release buffer, ret=%d",
+          ret);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  // Put the DvrReadBuffer pointer back into its slot for reuse.
+  read_buffers_[slot].reset(read_buffer);
+  // It's import to reset the read buffer client now. It should stay invalid
+  // until next AcquireBuffer on the same slot.
+  read_buffers_[slot]->read_buffer = nullptr;
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -311,9 +502,11 @@
   } else {
     consumer_queue_->SetBufferRemovedCallback(
         [callback, context](const std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBuffer>& buffer) {
-          DvrReadBuffer read_buffer{
-              std::static_pointer_cast<BufferConsumer>(buffer)};
-          callback(&read_buffer, context);
+          // When buffer is removed from the queue, the slot is already invalid.
+          auto read_buffer = std::make_unique<DvrReadBuffer>();
+          read_buffer->read_buffer =
+              std::static_pointer_cast<BufferConsumer>(buffer);
+          callback(read_buffer.release(), context);
         });
   }
 }
@@ -366,8 +559,30 @@
   if (meta_size_bytes != 0 && !out_meta)
     return -EINVAL;
 
-  return read_queue->Dequeue(timeout, read_buffer, out_fence_fd, out_meta,
-                             meta_size_bytes);
+  // TODO(b/65469368): Deprecate this API once new AcquireBuffer API is in use.
+  return read_queue->Dequeue(timeout, read_buffer, out_fence_fd, nullptr,
+                             out_meta, meta_size_bytes);
+}
+
+int dvrReadBufferQueueAcquireBuffer(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue, int timeout,
+                                    DvrReadBuffer** out_read_buffer,
+                                    DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+                                    int* out_fence_fd) {
+  if (!read_queue || !out_read_buffer || !out_meta || !out_fence_fd)
+    return -EINVAL;
+
+  return read_queue->AcquireBuffer(timeout, out_read_buffer, out_meta,
+                                   out_fence_fd);
+}
+
+int dvrReadBufferQueueReleaseBuffer(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue,
+                                    DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer,
+                                    const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta,
+                                    int release_fence_fd) {
+  if (!read_queue || !read_buffer || !read_buffer->read_buffer || !meta)
+    return -EINVAL;
+
+  return read_queue->ReleaseBuffer(read_buffer, meta, release_fence_fd);
 }
 
 int dvrReadBufferQueueSetBufferAvailableCallback(
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue_internal.h b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue_internal.h
index 795d6cd..f9c0bfd 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue_internal.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_buffer_queue_internal.h
@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@
 #include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
+#include <array>
 #include <memory>
 
+#include "dvr_internal.h"
+
 struct ANativeWindow;
 
+typedef struct DvrNativeBufferMetadata DvrNativeBufferMetadata;
 typedef struct DvrReadBuffer DvrReadBuffer;
 typedef struct DvrReadBufferQueue DvrReadBufferQueue;
 typedef struct DvrWriteBuffer DvrWriteBuffer;
@@ -17,6 +21,7 @@
                                                         void* context);
 
 struct DvrWriteBufferQueue {
+  using BufferHubQueue = android::dvr::BufferHubQueue;
   using ProducerQueue = android::dvr::ProducerQueue;
 
   // Create a concrete object for DvrWriteBufferQueue.
@@ -37,19 +42,28 @@
 
   int GetNativeWindow(ANativeWindow** out_window);
   int CreateReadQueue(DvrReadBufferQueue** out_read_queue);
-  int Dequeue(int timeout, DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer, int* out_fence_fd);
+  int Dequeue(int timeout, DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer, int* out_fence_fd,
+              size_t* out_slot);
+  int GainBuffer(int timeout, DvrWriteBuffer** out_write_buffer,
+                 DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta, int* out_fence_fd);
+  int PostBuffer(DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer,
+                 const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta, int ready_fence_fd);
   int ResizeBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
 
  private:
   std::shared_ptr<ProducerQueue> producer_queue_;
+  std::array<std::unique_ptr<DvrWriteBuffer>, BufferHubQueue::kMaxQueueCapacity>
+      write_buffers_;
 
   uint32_t width_;
   uint32_t height_;
   uint32_t format_;
+
   android::sp<android::Surface> native_window_;
 };
 
 struct DvrReadBufferQueue {
+  using BufferHubQueue = android::dvr::BufferHubQueue;
   using ConsumerQueue = android::dvr::ConsumerQueue;
 
   explicit DvrReadBufferQueue(
@@ -61,7 +75,11 @@
 
   int CreateReadQueue(DvrReadBufferQueue** out_read_queue);
   int Dequeue(int timeout, DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer, int* out_fence_fd,
-              void* out_meta, size_t meta_size_bytes);
+              size_t* out_slot, void* out_meta, size_t meta_size_bytes);
+  int AcquireBuffer(int timeout, DvrReadBuffer** out_read_buffer,
+                    DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta, int* out_fence_fd);
+  int ReleaseBuffer(DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer,
+                    const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta, int release_fence_fd);
   void SetBufferAvailableCallback(
       DvrReadBufferQueueBufferAvailableCallback callback, void* context);
   void SetBufferRemovedCallback(
@@ -70,6 +88,8 @@
 
  private:
   std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> consumer_queue_;
+  std::array<std::unique_ptr<DvrReadBuffer>, BufferHubQueue::kMaxQueueCapacity>
+      read_buffers_;
 };
 
 #endif  // ANDROID_DVR_BUFFER_QUEUE_INTERNAL_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_internal.h b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_internal.h
index 28b6c28..de8bb96 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_internal.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/dvr_internal.h
@@ -34,10 +34,20 @@
 extern "C" {
 
 struct DvrWriteBuffer {
+  // The slot nubmer of the buffer, a valid slot number must be in the range of
+  // [0, android::BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS). This is only valid for
+  // DvrWriteBuffer acquired from a DvrWriteBufferQueue.
+  int32_t slot = -1;
+
   std::shared_ptr<android::dvr::BufferProducer> write_buffer;
 };
 
 struct DvrReadBuffer {
+  // The slot nubmer of the buffer, a valid slot number must be in the range of
+  // [0, android::BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS). This is only valid for
+  // DvrReadBuffer acquired from a DvrReadBufferQueue.
+  int32_t slot = -1;
+
   std::shared_ptr<android::dvr::BufferConsumer> read_buffer;
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api.h b/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api.h
index 6daf157..8f45ce7 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 typedef struct DvrReadBufferQueue DvrReadBufferQueue;
 typedef struct DvrWriteBufferQueue DvrWriteBufferQueue;
+typedef struct DvrNativeBufferMetadata DvrNativeBufferMetadata;
 
 typedef struct DvrSurface DvrSurface;
 typedef uint64_t DvrSurfaceAttributeType;
@@ -180,6 +181,13 @@
                                              int timeout,
                                              DvrWriteBuffer* out_buffer,
                                              int* out_fence_fd);
+typedef int (*DvrWriteBufferQueueGainBufferPtr)(
+    DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue, int timeout,
+    DvrWriteBuffer** out_write_buffer, DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+    int* out_fence_fd);
+typedef int (*DvrWriteBufferQueuePostBufferPtr)(
+    DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue, DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer,
+    const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta, int ready_fence_fd);
 typedef int (*DvrWriteBufferQueueResizeBufferPtr)(
     DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
 typedef void (*DvrReadBufferQueueDestroyPtr)(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue);
@@ -194,6 +202,13 @@
                                             DvrReadBuffer* out_buffer,
                                             int* out_fence_fd, void* out_meta,
                                             size_t meta_size_bytes);
+typedef int (*DvrReadBufferQueueAcquireBufferPtr)(
+    DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue, int timeout,
+    DvrReadBuffer** out_read_buffer, DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+    int* out_fence_fd);
+typedef int (*DvrReadBufferQueueReleaseBufferPtr)(
+    DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue, DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer,
+    const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta, int release_fence_fd);
 typedef void (*DvrReadBufferQueueBufferAvailableCallback)(void* context);
 typedef int (*DvrReadBufferQueueSetBufferAvailableCallbackPtr)(
     DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue,
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api_entries.h b/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api_entries.h
index 9036773..cce8c7e 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api_entries.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_api_entries.h
@@ -167,6 +167,12 @@
 // Gets an ANativeWindow from DvrWriteBufferQueue.
 DVR_V1_API_ENTRY(WriteBufferQueueGetANativeWindow);
 
+// Dvr{Read,Write}BufferQueue API for asynchronous IPC.
+DVR_V1_API_ENTRY(WriteBufferQueueGainBuffer);
+DVR_V1_API_ENTRY(WriteBufferQueuePostBuffer);
+DVR_V1_API_ENTRY(ReadBufferQueueAcquireBuffer);
+DVR_V1_API_ENTRY(ReadBufferQueueReleaseBuffer);
+
 // Pose client
 DVR_V1_API_ENTRY(PoseClientGetDataReader);
 DVR_V1_API_ENTRY(PoseClientDataCapture);
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_buffer_queue.h b/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_buffer_queue.h
index 8b9e048..bf695c7 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_buffer_queue.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/include/dvr/dvr_buffer_queue.h
@@ -89,21 +89,44 @@
 int dvrWriteBufferQueueCreateReadQueue(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue,
                                        DvrReadBufferQueue** out_read_queue);
 
-// Dequeue a buffer to write into.
+// @deprecated Please use dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer instead.
+int dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue, int timeout,
+                               DvrWriteBuffer* out_buffer, int* out_fence_fd);
+
+// Gains a buffer to write into.
 //
-// @param write_queue The DvrWriteBufferQueue of interest.
+// @param write_queue The DvrWriteBufferQueue to gain buffer from.
 // @param timeout Specifies the number of milliseconds that the method will
 //     block. Specifying a timeout of -1 causes it to block indefinitely,
 //     while specifying a timeout equal to zero cause it to return immediately,
 //     even if no buffers are available.
 // @param out_buffer A targeting DvrWriteBuffer object to hold the output of the
-//     dequeue operation. Must be created by |dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty|.
+//     dequeue operation.
+// @param out_meta A DvrNativeBufferMetadata object populated by the
+//     corresponding dvrReadBufferQueueReleaseBuffer API.
 // @param out_fence_fd A sync fence fd defined in NDK's sync.h API, which
 //     signals the release of underlying buffer. The producer should wait until
 //     this fence clears before writing data into it.
 // @return Zero on success, or negative error code.
-int dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue, int timeout,
-                               DvrWriteBuffer* out_buffer, int* out_fence_fd);
+int dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue, int timeout,
+                                  DvrWriteBuffer** out_write_buffer,
+                                  DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+                                  int* out_fence_fd);
+
+// Posts a buffer and signals its readiness to be read from.
+//
+// @param write_queue The DvrWriteBufferQueue to post buffer into.
+// @param write_buffer The buffer to be posted.
+// @param meta The buffer metadata describing the buffer.
+// @param ready_fence_fd  A sync fence fd defined in NDK's sync.h API, which
+//     signals the readdiness of underlying buffer. When a valid fence gets
+//     passed in, the consumer will wait the fence to be ready before it starts
+//     to ready from the buffer.
+// @return Zero on success, or negative error code.
+int dvrWriteBufferQueuePostBuffer(DvrWriteBufferQueue* write_queue,
+                                  DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer,
+                                  const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta,
+                                  int ready_fence_fd);
 
 // Overrides buffer dimension with new width and height.
 //
@@ -153,28 +176,45 @@
 int dvrReadBufferQueueCreateReadQueue(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue,
                                       DvrReadBufferQueue** out_read_queue);
 
-// Dequeue a buffer to read from.
+// @deprecated Please use dvrReadBufferQueueAcquireBuffer instead.
+int dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue, int timeout,
+                              DvrReadBuffer* out_buffer, int* out_fence_fd,
+                              void* out_meta, size_t meta_size_bytes);
+
+// Dequeues a buffer to read from.
 //
-// @param read_queue The DvrReadBufferQueue of interest.
+// @param read_queue The DvrReadBufferQueue to acquire buffer from.
 // @param timeout Specifies the number of milliseconds that the method will
 //     block. Specifying a timeout of -1 causes it to block indefinitely,
 //     while specifying a timeout equal to zero cause it to return immediately,
 //     even if no buffers are available.
 // @param out_buffer A targeting DvrReadBuffer object to hold the output of the
 //     dequeue operation. Must be created by |dvrReadBufferCreateEmpty|.
+// @param out_meta A DvrNativeBufferMetadata object populated by the
+//     corresponding dvrWriteBufferQueuePostBuffer API.
 // @param out_fence_fd A sync fence fd defined in NDK's sync.h API, which
 //     signals the release of underlying buffer. The consumer should wait until
 //     this fence clears before reading data from it.
-// @param out_meta The memory area where a metadata object will be filled.
-//     Can be nullptr iff |meta_size_bytes| is zero (i.e., there is no
-//     metadata).
-// @param meta_size_bytes Size of the metadata object caller expects. If it
-//     doesn't match the size of actually metadata transported by the buffer
-//     queue, the method returns -EINVAL.
 // @return Zero on success, or negative error code.
-int dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue, int timeout,
-                              DvrReadBuffer* out_buffer, int* out_fence_fd,
-                              void* out_meta, size_t meta_size_bytes);
+int dvrReadBufferQueueAcquireBuffer(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue, int timeout,
+                                    DvrReadBuffer** out_read_buffer,
+                                    DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
+                                    int* out_fence_fd);
+
+// Releases a buffer and signals its readiness to be written into.
+//
+// @param read_queue The DvrReadBufferQueue to release buffer into.
+// @param read_buffer The buffer to be released.
+// @param meta The buffer metadata describing the buffer.
+// @param release_fence_fd A sync fence fd defined in NDK's sync.h API, which
+//     signals the readdiness of underlying buffer. When a valid fence gets
+//     passed in, the producer will wait the fence to be ready before it starts
+//     to write into the buffer again.
+// @return Zero on success, or negative error code.
+int dvrReadBufferQueueReleaseBuffer(DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue,
+                                    DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer,
+                                    const DvrNativeBufferMetadata* meta,
+                                    int release_fence_fd);
 
 // Callback function which will be called when a buffer is avaiable.
 //
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp
index ab2ee75..a9302a7 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/Android.bp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
     cflags: [
         "-DLOG_TAG=\"dvr_api-test\"",
         "-DTRACE=0",
+        "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
         "-O0",
         "-g",
     ],
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/dvr_buffer_queue-test.cpp b/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/dvr_buffer_queue-test.cpp
index 0b30c38..f1c5e48 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/dvr_buffer_queue-test.cpp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/tests/dvr_buffer_queue-test.cpp
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 static constexpr uint64_t kBufferUsage = AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN;
 static constexpr size_t kQueueCapacity = 3;
 
-typedef uint64_t TestMeta;
-
 class DvrBufferQueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
  public:
   static void BufferAvailableCallback(void* context) {
@@ -65,20 +63,20 @@
   int buffer_removed_count_{0};
 };
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestWrite_QueueCreateDestroy) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, WriteQueueCreateDestroy) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
+      /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   dvrWriteBufferQueueDestroy(write_queue_);
   write_queue_ = nullptr;
 }
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestWrite_QueueGetCapacity) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, WriteQueueGetCapacity) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
+      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   size_t capacity = dvrWriteBufferQueueGetCapacity(write_queue_);
@@ -87,10 +85,10 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(kQueueCapacity, capacity);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestCreateReadQueueFromWriteQueue) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, CreateReadQueueFromWriteQueue) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
+      /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue = nullptr;
@@ -102,10 +100,10 @@
   dvrReadBufferQueueDestroy(read_queue);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestCreateReadQueueFromReadQueue) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, CreateReadQueueFromReadQueue) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
+      /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue1 = nullptr;
@@ -124,102 +122,86 @@
   dvrReadBufferQueueDestroy(read_queue2);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, CreateEmptyBuffer) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, GainBuffer) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
+      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
 
-  DvrReadBuffer* read_buffer = nullptr;
-  DvrWriteBuffer* write_buffer = nullptr;
+  DvrWriteBuffer* wb = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wb));
 
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(read_buffer));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(write_buffer));
-
-  dvrReadBufferCreateEmpty(&read_buffer);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, read_buffer);
-
-  dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&write_buffer);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, write_buffer);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(read_buffer));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(write_buffer));
-
-  DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue = nullptr;
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferQueueCreateReadQueue(write_queue_, &read_queue));
-
-  const int kTimeoutMs = 0;
+  DvrNativeBufferMetadata meta = {0};
   int fence_fd = -1;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, kTimeoutMs,
-                                          write_buffer, &fence_fd));
-  EXPECT_EQ(-1, fence_fd);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(write_buffer));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferClear(write_buffer));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(write_buffer));
+  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(write_queue_, /*timeout=*/0, &wb, &meta,
+                                      &fence_fd);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fence_fd, -1);
+  EXPECT_NE(wb, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wb));
 }
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestDequeuePostDequeueRelease) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, AcquirePostGainRelease) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
+      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
 
-  static constexpr int kTimeout = 0;
   DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue = nullptr;
   DvrReadBuffer* rb = nullptr;
   DvrWriteBuffer* wb = nullptr;
+  DvrNativeBufferMetadata meta1 = {0};
+  DvrNativeBufferMetadata meta2 = {0};
   int fence_fd = -1;
 
   ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreateReadQueue(write_queue_, &read_queue);
 
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, read_queue);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+  ASSERT_NE(read_queue, nullptr);
 
   dvrReadBufferQueueSetBufferAvailableCallback(read_queue,
                                                &BufferAvailableCallback, this);
 
-  dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&wb);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wb);
-
-  dvrReadBufferCreateEmpty(&rb);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, rb);
-
   // Gain buffer for writing.
-  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, kTimeout, wb, &fence_fd);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
+  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(write_queue_, /*timeout=*/0, &wb, &meta1,
+                                      &fence_fd);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+  ASSERT_NE(wb, nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wb));
   ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "TestDequeuePostDequeueRelease, gain buffer %p, fence_fd=%d",
            wb, fence_fd);
   android::base::unique_fd release_fence(fence_fd);
 
   // Post buffer to the read_queue.
-  TestMeta seq = 42U;
-  ret = dvrWriteBufferPost(wb, /* fence */ -1, &seq, sizeof(seq));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
-  dvrWriteBufferDestroy(wb);
+  meta1.timestamp = 42;
+  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueuePostBuffer(write_queue_, wb, &meta1, /*fence=*/-1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wb));
   wb = nullptr;
 
   // Acquire buffer for reading.
-  TestMeta acquired_seq = 0U;
-  ret = dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue(read_queue, kTimeout, rb, &fence_fd,
-                                  &acquired_seq, sizeof(acquired_seq));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
+  ret = dvrReadBufferQueueAcquireBuffer(read_queue, /*timeout=*/0, &rb, &meta2,
+                                        &fence_fd);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+  ASSERT_NE(rb, nullptr);
 
   // Dequeue is successfully, BufferAvailableCallback should be fired once.
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, buffer_available_count_);
+  ASSERT_EQ(buffer_available_count_, 1);
   ASSERT_TRUE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(rb));
-  ASSERT_EQ(seq, acquired_seq);
+
+  // Metadata should be passed along from producer to consumer properly.
+  ASSERT_EQ(meta1.timestamp, meta2.timestamp);
+
   ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
            "TestDequeuePostDequeueRelease, acquire buffer %p, fence_fd=%d", rb,
            fence_fd);
   android::base::unique_fd acquire_fence(fence_fd);
 
   // Release buffer to the write_queue.
-  ret = dvrReadBufferRelease(rb, -1);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
-  dvrReadBufferDestroy(rb);
+  ret = dvrReadBufferQueueReleaseBuffer(read_queue, rb, &meta2,
+                                        /*release_fence_fd=*/-1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(rb));
   rb = nullptr;
 
   // TODO(b/34387835) Currently buffer allocation has to happen after all queues
@@ -232,37 +214,18 @@
   dvrReadBufferQueueDestroy(read_queue);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestGetANativeWindow) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, GetANativeWindow) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
-
-  ANativeWindow* window = nullptr;
-
-  // The |write_queue_| doesn't have proper metadata (must be
-  // DvrNativeBufferMetadata) configured during creation.
-  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGetANativeWindow(write_queue_, &window);
-  ASSERT_EQ(-EINVAL, ret);
-  ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, window);
-  dvrWriteBufferQueueDestroy(write_queue_);
-  write_queue_ = nullptr;
-
-  // A write queue with DvrNativeBufferMetadata should work fine.
-  ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, write_queue_);
-
-  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
       /*capacity=*/0, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
   ASSERT_NE(nullptr, write_queue_);
 
+  ANativeWindow* window = nullptr;
   ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGetANativeWindow(write_queue_, &window);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
   ASSERT_NE(nullptr, window);
 
-  // TODO(b/64723700): Remove dependencies of Android platform bits so that we
-  // can run dvr_buffer_queue-test in DTS.
   uint32_t width = ANativeWindow_getWidth(window);
   uint32_t height = ANativeWindow_getHeight(window);
   uint32_t format = ANativeWindow_getFormat(window);
@@ -274,15 +237,15 @@
 // Create buffer queue of three buffers and dequeue three buffers out of it.
 // Before each dequeue operation, we resize the buffer queue and expect the
 // queue always return buffer with desired dimension.
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestResizeBuffer) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, ResizeBuffer) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
+      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
-  static constexpr int kTimeout = 0;
   int fence_fd = -1;
 
+  DvrNativeBufferMetadata meta = {0};
   DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue = nullptr;
   DvrWriteBuffer* wb1 = nullptr;
   DvrWriteBuffer* wb2 = nullptr;
@@ -300,13 +263,6 @@
   dvrReadBufferQueueSetBufferRemovedCallback(read_queue, &BufferRemovedCallback,
                                              this);
 
-  dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&wb1);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wb1);
-  dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&wb2);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wb2);
-  dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&wb3);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wb3);
-
   // Handle all pending events on the read queue.
   ret = dvrReadBufferQueueHandleEvents(read_queue);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
@@ -321,7 +277,8 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   // Gain first buffer for writing. All buffers will be resized.
-  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, kTimeout, wb1, &fence_fd);
+  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(write_queue_, /*timeout=*/0, &wb1, &meta,
+                                      &fence_fd);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
   ASSERT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wb1));
   ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "TestResizeBuffer, gain buffer %p", wb1);
@@ -347,7 +304,8 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   // The next buffer we dequeued should have new width.
-  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, kTimeout, wb2, &fence_fd);
+  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(write_queue_, /*timeout=*/0, &wb2, &meta,
+                                      &fence_fd);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
   ASSERT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wb2));
   ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "TestResizeBuffer, gain buffer %p, fence_fd=%d", wb2,
@@ -373,7 +331,8 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   // The next buffer we dequeued should have new width.
-  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, kTimeout, wb3, &fence_fd);
+  ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(write_queue_, /*timeout=*/0, &wb3, &meta,
+                                      &fence_fd);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
   ASSERT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wb3));
   ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "TestResizeBuffer, gain buffer %p, fence_fd=%d", wb3,
@@ -396,78 +355,10 @@
   dvrReadBufferQueueDestroy(read_queue);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, DequeueEmptyMetadata) {
-  // Overrides default queue parameters: Empty metadata.
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, ReadQueueEventFd) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      /*capacity=*/1, /*metadata_size=*/0, &write_queue_);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
-
-  DvrReadBuffer* rb = nullptr;
-  DvrWriteBuffer* wb = nullptr;
-  dvrReadBufferCreateEmpty(&rb);
-  dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&wb);
-
-  DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue = nullptr;
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferQueueCreateReadQueue(write_queue_, &read_queue));
-
-  const int kTimeoutMs = 0;
-  int fence_fd = -1;
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, 0, wb, &fence_fd));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferPost(wb, /*fence=*/-1, nullptr, 0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferClear(wb));
-  dvrWriteBufferDestroy(wb);
-  wb = nullptr;
-
-  // When acquire buffer, it's legit to pass nullptr as out_meta iff metadata
-  // size is Zero.
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue(read_queue, kTimeoutMs, rb, &fence_fd,
-                                         nullptr, 0));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(rb));
-}
-
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, DequeueMismatchMetadata) {
-  int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      /*capacity=*/1, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
-
-  DvrReadBuffer* rb = nullptr;
-  DvrWriteBuffer* wb = nullptr;
-  dvrReadBufferCreateEmpty(&rb);
-  dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&wb);
-
-  DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue = nullptr;
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferQueueCreateReadQueue(write_queue_, &read_queue));
-
-  const int kTimeoutMs = 0;
-  int fence_fd = -1;
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, 0, wb, &fence_fd));
-
-  TestMeta seq = 42U;
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferPost(wb, /*fence=*/-1, &seq, sizeof(seq)));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferClear(wb));
-  dvrWriteBufferDestroy(wb);
-  wb = nullptr;
-
-  // Dequeue with wrong metadata will cause EINVAL.
-  int8_t wrong_metadata;
-  EXPECT_EQ(-EINVAL,
-            dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue(read_queue, kTimeoutMs, rb, &fence_fd,
-                                      &wrong_metadata, sizeof(wrong_metadata)));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(rb));
-
-  // Dequeue with empty metadata will cause EINVAL.
-  EXPECT_EQ(-EINVAL, dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue(read_queue, kTimeoutMs, rb,
-                                               &fence_fd, nullptr, 0));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(rb));
-}
-
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestReadQueueEventFd) {
-  int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
+      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   DvrReadBufferQueue* read_queue = nullptr;
@@ -483,10 +374,10 @@
 // Verifies a Dvr{Read,Write}BufferQueue contains the same set of
 // Dvr{Read,Write}Buffer(s) during their lifecycles. And for the same buffer_id,
 // the corresponding AHardwareBuffer handle stays the same.
-TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, TestStableBufferIdAndHardwareBuffer) {
+TEST_F(DvrBufferQueueTest, StableBufferIdAndHardwareBuffer) {
   int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueCreate(
       kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kLayerCount, kBufferUsage,
-      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(TestMeta), &write_queue_);
+      kQueueCapacity, sizeof(DvrNativeBufferMetadata), &write_queue_);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
 
   int fence_fd = -1;
@@ -497,25 +388,21 @@
   std::array<DvrReadBuffer*, kQueueCapacity> rbs;
   // Write buffers.
   std::array<DvrWriteBuffer*, kQueueCapacity> wbs;
+  // Buffer metadata.
+  std::array<DvrNativeBufferMetadata, kQueueCapacity> metas;
   // Hardware buffers for Read buffers.
   std::unordered_map<int, AHardwareBuffer*> rhbs;
   // Hardware buffers for Write buffers.
   std::unordered_map<int, AHardwareBuffer*> whbs;
 
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kQueueCapacity; i++) {
-    dvrReadBufferCreateEmpty(&rbs[i]);
-    dvrWriteBufferCreateEmpty(&wbs[i]);
-  }
-
   constexpr int kNumTests = 100;
-  constexpr int kTimeout = 0;
-  TestMeta seq = 0U;
 
   // This test runs the following operations many many times. Thus we prefer to
   // use ASSERT_XXX rather than EXPECT_XXX to avoid spamming the output.
   std::function<void(size_t i)> Gain = [&](size_t i) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferQueueDequeue(write_queue_, kTimeout, wbs[i],
-                                            &fence_fd));
+    int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueueGainBuffer(write_queue_, /*timeout=*/0,
+                                            &wbs[i], &metas[i], &fence_fd);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
     ASSERT_LT(fence_fd, 0);  // expect invalid fence.
     ASSERT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wbs[i]));
     int buffer_id = dvrWriteBufferGetId(wbs[i]);
@@ -540,15 +427,16 @@
   std::function<void(size_t i)> Post = [&](size_t i) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(dvrWriteBufferIsValid(wbs[i]));
 
-    seq++;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, dvrWriteBufferPost(wbs[i], /*fence=*/-1, &seq, sizeof(seq)));
+    metas[i].timestamp++;
+    int ret = dvrWriteBufferQueuePostBuffer(write_queue_, wbs[i], &metas[i],
+                                            /*fence=*/-1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
   };
 
   std::function<void(size_t i)> Acquire = [&](size_t i) {
-    TestMeta out_seq = 0U;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0,
-              dvrReadBufferQueueDequeue(read_queue, kTimeout, rbs[i], &fence_fd,
-                                        &out_seq, sizeof(out_seq)));
+    int ret = dvrReadBufferQueueAcquireBuffer(read_queue, /*timeout=*/0,
+                                              &rbs[i], &metas[i], &fence_fd);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
     ASSERT_LT(fence_fd, 0);  // expect invalid fence.
     ASSERT_TRUE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(rbs[i]));
 
@@ -574,8 +462,9 @@
   std::function<void(size_t i)> Release = [&](size_t i) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(dvrReadBufferIsValid(rbs[i]));
 
-    seq++;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, dvrReadBufferRelease(rbs[i], /*fence=*/-1));
+    int ret = dvrReadBufferQueueReleaseBuffer(read_queue, rbs[i], &metas[i],
+                                              /*release_fence_fd=*/-1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
   };
 
   // Scenario one:
@@ -630,12 +519,6 @@
       ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Release(kQueueCapacity - 1 - i));
     }
   }
-
-  // Clean up all read buffers and write buffers.
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kQueueCapacity; i++) {
-    dvrReadBufferDestroy(rbs[i]);
-    dvrWriteBufferDestroy(wbs[i]);
-  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace