Revert "Add ExternalTexture class into RenderEngine interface"

Revert submission 14086921-renderengine-external-tex

Reason for revert: Potential culprit for b/185361988
Reverted Changes:
I7796764e2:Update WaylandRenderSurface to accomodate interfac...
I13904eec4:Update Readback VTS to align with RenderEngine int...
I222c71e6e:Add ExternalTexture class into RenderEngine interf...

Change-Id: I1501890f4861a3df7ce273f1fe2ccdb275e2632c
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index 13ac7c3..be9bce0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
     const bool blackOutLayer = (isProtected() && !targetSettings.supportsProtectedContent) ||
             (isSecure() && !targetSettings.isSecure);
     const bool bufferCanBeUsedAsHwTexture =
-            mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getUsage() & GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE;
+            mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getUsage() & GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE;
     compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings& layer = *result;
     if (blackOutLayer || !bufferCanBeUsedAsHwTexture) {
         ALOGE_IF(!bufferCanBeUsedAsHwTexture, "%s is blacked out as buffer is not gpu readable",
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
             ? mBufferInfo.mHdrMetadata.cta8613.maxContentLightLevel
             : defaultMaxContentLuminance;
     layer.frameNumber = mCurrentFrameNumber;
-    layer.bufferId = mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getId() : 0;
+    layer.bufferId = mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getId() : 0;
 
     const bool useFiltering =
             targetSettings.needsFiltering || mNeedsFiltering || bufferNeedsFiltering();
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
                 : Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE;
     }
 
-    compositionState->buffer = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer();
+    compositionState->buffer = mBufferInfo.mBuffer;
     compositionState->bufferSlot = (mBufferInfo.mBufferSlot == BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT)
             ? 0
             : mBufferInfo.mBufferSlot;
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
 
 void BufferLayer::gatherBufferInfo() {
     mBufferInfo.mPixelFormat =
-            !mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE : mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->format;
+            !mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE : mBufferInfo.mBuffer->format;
     mBufferInfo.mFrameLatencyNeeded = true;
 }
 
@@ -544,10 +544,10 @@
     }
 
     if (oldBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr) {
-        uint32_t bufWidth = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getWidth();
-        uint32_t bufHeight = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getHeight();
-        if (bufWidth != uint32_t(oldBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->width) ||
-            bufHeight != uint32_t(oldBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->height)) {
+        uint32_t bufWidth = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getWidth();
+        uint32_t bufHeight = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getHeight();
+        if (bufWidth != uint32_t(oldBufferInfo.mBuffer->width) ||
+            bufHeight != uint32_t(oldBufferInfo.mBuffer->height)) {
             recomputeVisibleRegions = true;
         }
     }
@@ -612,8 +612,8 @@
 }
 
 bool BufferLayer::isProtected() const {
-    return (mBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr) &&
-            (mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED);
+    const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer(mBufferInfo.mBuffer);
+    return (buffer != 0) && (buffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED);
 }
 
 // h/w composer set-up
@@ -727,8 +727,8 @@
         return Rect::INVALID_RECT;
     }
 
-    uint32_t bufWidth = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getWidth();
-    uint32_t bufHeight = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getHeight();
+    uint32_t bufWidth = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getWidth();
+    uint32_t bufHeight = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getHeight();
 
     // Undo any transformations on the buffer and return the result.
     if (mBufferInfo.mTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
@@ -759,8 +759,8 @@
         return parentBounds;
     }
 
-    uint32_t bufWidth = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getWidth();
-    uint32_t bufHeight = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getHeight();
+    uint32_t bufWidth = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getWidth();
+    uint32_t bufHeight = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getHeight();
 
     // Undo any transformations on the buffer and return the result.
     if (mBufferInfo.mTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@
         return mBufferInfo.mCrop;
     } else if (mBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr) {
         // otherwise we use the whole buffer
-        return mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()->getBounds();
+        return mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBounds();
     } else {
         // if we don't have a buffer yet, we use an empty/invalid crop
         return Rect();
@@ -847,14 +847,12 @@
 }
 
 sp<GraphicBuffer> BufferLayer::getBuffer() const {
-    return mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer() : nullptr;
+    return mBufferInfo.mBuffer;
 }
 
 void BufferLayer::getDrawingTransformMatrix(bool filteringEnabled, float outMatrix[16]) {
-    GLConsumer::computeTransformMatrix(outMatrix,
-                                       mBufferInfo.mBuffer ? mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()
-                                                           : nullptr,
-                                       mBufferInfo.mCrop, mBufferInfo.mTransform, filteringEnabled);
+    GLConsumer::computeTransformMatrix(outMatrix, mBufferInfo.mBuffer, mBufferInfo.mCrop,
+                                       mBufferInfo.mTransform, filteringEnabled);
 }
 
 void BufferLayer::setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
index 8553247..b8d3f12 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
         PixelFormat mPixelFormat{PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE};
         bool mTransformToDisplayInverse{false};
 
-        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mBuffer;
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer;
         int mBufferSlot{BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT};
 
         bool mFrameLatencyNeeded{false};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp
index 96b2247..69d2d11 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <private/gui/ComposerService.h>
+#include <renderengine/Image.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@
     }
 
     auto buffer = mPendingRelease.isPending ? mPendingRelease.graphicBuffer
-                                            : mCurrentTextureBuffer->getBuffer();
+                                            : mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer();
     auto err = addReleaseFence(slot, buffer, fence);
     if (err != OK) {
         BLC_LOGE("setReleaseFence: failed to add the fence: %s (%d)", strerror(-err), err);
@@ -205,11 +206,9 @@
     // before, so we need to clean up old references.
     if (item->mGraphicBuffer != nullptr) {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mImagesMutex);
-        if (mImages[item->mSlot] == nullptr || mImages[item->mSlot]->getBuffer() == nullptr ||
-            mImages[item->mSlot]->getBuffer()->getId() != item->mGraphicBuffer->getId()) {
-            mImages[item->mSlot] = std::make_shared<
-                    renderengine::ExternalTexture>(item->mGraphicBuffer, mRE,
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+        if (mImages[item->mSlot] == nullptr || mImages[item->mSlot]->graphicBuffer() == nullptr ||
+            mImages[item->mSlot]->graphicBuffer()->getId() != item->mGraphicBuffer->getId()) {
+            mImages[item->mSlot] = std::make_shared<Image>(item->mGraphicBuffer, mRE);
         }
     }
 
@@ -223,8 +222,8 @@
     int slot = item.mSlot;
 
     BLC_LOGV("updateAndRelease: (slot=%d buf=%p) -> (slot=%d buf=%p)", mCurrentTexture,
-             (mCurrentTextureBuffer != nullptr && mCurrentTextureBuffer->getBuffer() != nullptr)
-                     ? mCurrentTextureBuffer->getBuffer()->handle
+             (mCurrentTextureBuffer != nullptr && mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer() != nullptr)
+                     ? mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer()->handle
                      : 0,
              slot, mSlots[slot].mGraphicBuffer->handle);
 
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@
     // releaseBufferLocked() if we're in shared buffer mode and both buffers are
     // the same.
 
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> nextTextureBuffer;
+    std::shared_ptr<Image> nextTextureBuffer;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mImagesMutex);
         nextTextureBuffer = mImages[slot];
@@ -242,7 +241,7 @@
     if (mCurrentTexture != BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT) {
         if (pendingRelease == nullptr) {
             status_t status =
-                    releaseBufferLocked(mCurrentTexture, mCurrentTextureBuffer->getBuffer());
+                    releaseBufferLocked(mCurrentTexture, mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer());
             if (status < NO_ERROR) {
                 BLC_LOGE("updateAndRelease: failed to release buffer: %s (%d)", strerror(-status),
                          status);
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@
             }
         } else {
             pendingRelease->currentTexture = mCurrentTexture;
-            pendingRelease->graphicBuffer = mCurrentTextureBuffer->getBuffer();
+            pendingRelease->graphicBuffer = mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer();
             pendingRelease->isPending = true;
         }
     }
@@ -302,14 +301,14 @@
 
 void BufferLayerConsumer::computeCurrentTransformMatrixLocked() {
     BLC_LOGV("computeCurrentTransformMatrixLocked");
-    if (mCurrentTextureBuffer == nullptr || mCurrentTextureBuffer->getBuffer() == nullptr) {
+    if (mCurrentTextureBuffer == nullptr || mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer() == nullptr) {
         BLC_LOGD("computeCurrentTransformMatrixLocked: "
                  "mCurrentTextureBuffer is nullptr");
     }
     GLConsumer::computeTransformMatrix(mCurrentTransformMatrix,
                                        mCurrentTextureBuffer == nullptr
                                                ? nullptr
-                                               : mCurrentTextureBuffer->getBuffer(),
+                                               : mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer(),
                                        getCurrentCropLocked(), mCurrentTransform,
                                        mFilteringEnabled);
 }
@@ -361,8 +360,7 @@
     return mCurrentApi;
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> BufferLayerConsumer::getCurrentBuffer(
-        int* outSlot, sp<Fence>* outFence) const {
+sp<GraphicBuffer> BufferLayerConsumer::getCurrentBuffer(int* outSlot, sp<Fence>* outFence) const {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
 
     if (outSlot != nullptr) {
@@ -373,7 +371,7 @@
         *outFence = mCurrentFence;
     }
 
-    return mCurrentTextureBuffer == nullptr ? nullptr : mCurrentTextureBuffer;
+    return mCurrentTextureBuffer == nullptr ? nullptr : mCurrentTextureBuffer->graphicBuffer();
 }
 
 Rect BufferLayerConsumer::getCurrentCrop() const {
@@ -458,12 +456,10 @@
 void BufferLayerConsumer::onBufferAvailable(const BufferItem& item) {
     if (item.mGraphicBuffer != nullptr && item.mSlot != BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT) {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mImagesMutex);
-        const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& oldImage = mImages[item.mSlot];
-        if (oldImage == nullptr || oldImage->getBuffer() == nullptr ||
-            oldImage->getBuffer()->getId() != item.mGraphicBuffer->getId()) {
-            mImages[item.mSlot] = std::make_shared<
-                    renderengine::ExternalTexture>(item.mGraphicBuffer, mRE,
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+        const std::shared_ptr<Image>& oldImage = mImages[item.mSlot];
+        if (oldImage == nullptr || oldImage->graphicBuffer() == nullptr ||
+            oldImage->graphicBuffer()->getId() != item.mGraphicBuffer->getId()) {
+            mImages[item.mSlot] = std::make_shared<Image>(item.mGraphicBuffer, mRE);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -503,6 +499,22 @@
 
     ConsumerBase::dumpLocked(result, prefix);
 }
+
+BufferLayerConsumer::Image::Image(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& graphicBuffer,
+                                  renderengine::RenderEngine& engine)
+      : mGraphicBuffer(graphicBuffer), mRE(engine) {
+    if (graphicBuffer != nullptr && (graphicBuffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    mRE.cacheExternalTextureBuffer(mGraphicBuffer);
+}
+
+BufferLayerConsumer::Image::~Image() {
+    if (mGraphicBuffer != nullptr) {
+        ALOGV("Destroying buffer: %" PRId64, mGraphicBuffer->getId());
+        mRE.unbindExternalTextureBuffer(mGraphicBuffer->getId());
+    }
+}
 }; // namespace android
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.h
index 9ed80b4..dd39214 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.h
@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@
 #include <gui/BufferQueueDefs.h>
 #include <gui/ConsumerBase.h>
 #include <gui/HdrMetadata.h>
-#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+
 #include <ui/FenceTime.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
+
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 #include <utils/Vector.h>
 #include <utils/threads.h>
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
 
 namespace renderengine {
 class RenderEngine;
+class Image;
 } // namespace renderengine
 
 /*
@@ -151,8 +153,7 @@
     // When outSlot is not nullptr, the current buffer slot index is also
     // returned. Simiarly, when outFence is not nullptr, the current output
     // fence is returned.
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> getCurrentBuffer(
-            int* outSlot = nullptr, sp<Fence>* outFence = nullptr) const;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> getCurrentBuffer(int* outSlot = nullptr, sp<Fence>* outFence = nullptr) const;
 
     // getCurrentCrop returns the cropping rectangle of the current buffer.
     Rect getCurrentCrop() const;
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@
     // mCurrentTextureBuffer is the buffer containing the current texture. It's
     // possible that this buffer is not associated with any buffer slot, so we
     // must track it separately in order to support the getCurrentBuffer method.
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mCurrentTextureBuffer;
+    std::shared_ptr<Image> mCurrentTextureBuffer;
 
     // mCurrentCrop is the crop rectangle that applies to the current texture.
     // It gets set each time updateTexImage is called.
@@ -336,8 +337,7 @@
     int mCurrentTexture;
 
     // Shadow buffer cache for cleaning up renderengine references.
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>
-            mImages[BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS] GUARDED_BY(mImagesMutex);
+    std::shared_ptr<Image> mImages[BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS] GUARDED_BY(mImagesMutex);
 
     // Separate mutex guarding the shadow buffer cache.
     // mImagesMutex can be manipulated with binder threads (e.g. onBuffersAllocated)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index c533969..ed826a0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -71,8 +71,14 @@
     // original layer and the clone should be removed at the same time so there shouldn't be any
     // issue with the clone layer trying to use the texture.
     if (mBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr && !isClone()) {
-        callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
-                                  mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer(), mBufferInfo.mFence);
+        // Ensure that mBuffer is uncached from RenderEngine here, as
+        // RenderEngine may have been using the buffer as an external texture
+        // after the client uncached the buffer.
+        auto& engine(mFlinger->getRenderEngine());
+        const uint64_t bufferId = mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getId();
+        engine.unbindExternalTextureBuffer(bufferId);
+        callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener, mBufferInfo.mBuffer,
+                                  mBufferInfo.mFence);
     }
 }
 
@@ -357,9 +363,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool BufferStateLayer::setBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                                 const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, nsecs_t postTime,
-                                 nsecs_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+bool BufferStateLayer::setBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const sp<Fence>& acquireFence,
+                                 nsecs_t postTime, nsecs_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
                                  const client_cache_t& clientCacheId, uint64_t frameNumber,
                                  std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime, const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
                                  const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& releaseBufferListener) {
@@ -367,14 +372,12 @@
 
     if (mCurrentState.buffer) {
         mReleasePreviousBuffer = true;
-        if (!mDrawingState.buffer ||
-            mCurrentState.buffer->getBuffer() != mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer()) {
+        if (mCurrentState.buffer != mDrawingState.buffer) {
             // If mCurrentState has a buffer, and we are about to update again
             // before swapping to drawing state, then the first buffer will be
             // dropped and we should decrement the pending buffer count and
             // call any release buffer callbacks if set.
-            callReleaseBufferCallback(mCurrentState.releaseBufferListener,
-                                      mCurrentState.buffer->getBuffer(),
+            callReleaseBufferCallback(mCurrentState.releaseBufferListener, mCurrentState.buffer,
                                       mCurrentState.acquireFence);
             decrementPendingBufferCount();
             if (mCurrentState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX != nullptr) {
@@ -412,8 +415,8 @@
 
     setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(info, postTime);
 
-    if (buffer && dequeueTime && *dequeueTime != 0) {
-        const uint64_t bufferId = buffer->getBuffer()->getId();
+    if (dequeueTime && *dequeueTime != 0) {
+        const uint64_t bufferId = buffer->getId();
         mFlinger->mFrameTracer->traceNewLayer(layerId, getName().c_str());
         mFlinger->mFrameTracer->traceTimestamp(layerId, bufferId, frameNumber, *dequeueTime,
                                                FrameTracer::FrameEvent::DEQUEUE);
@@ -421,8 +424,8 @@
                                                FrameTracer::FrameEvent::QUEUE);
     }
 
-    mCurrentState.width = mCurrentState.buffer->getBuffer()->getWidth();
-    mCurrentState.height = mCurrentState.buffer->getBuffer()->getHeight();
+    mCurrentState.width = mCurrentState.buffer->width;
+    mCurrentState.height = mCurrentState.buffer->height;
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -671,7 +674,7 @@
     }
 
     const int32_t layerId = getSequence();
-    const uint64_t bufferId = mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer()->getId();
+    const uint64_t bufferId = mDrawingState.buffer->getId();
     const uint64_t frameNumber = mDrawingState.frameNumber;
     const auto acquireFence = std::make_shared<FenceTime>(mDrawingState.acquireFence);
     mFlinger->mTimeStats->setAcquireFence(layerId, frameNumber, acquireFence);
@@ -705,7 +708,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    if (!mBufferInfo.mBuffer || s.buffer->getBuffer() != mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()) {
+    if (s.buffer != mBufferInfo.mBuffer) {
         decrementPendingBufferCount();
     }
 
@@ -824,13 +827,13 @@
 
 Rect BufferStateLayer::computeCrop(const State& s) {
     if (s.crop.isEmpty() && s.buffer) {
-        return s.buffer->getBuffer()->getBounds();
+        return s.buffer->getBounds();
     } else if (s.buffer) {
         Rect crop = s.crop;
         crop.left = std::max(crop.left, 0);
         crop.top = std::max(crop.top, 0);
-        uint32_t bufferWidth = s.buffer->getBuffer()->getWidth();
-        uint32_t bufferHeight = s.buffer->getBuffer()->getHeight();
+        uint32_t bufferWidth = s.buffer->getWidth();
+        uint32_t bufferHeight = s.buffer->getHeight();
         if (bufferHeight <= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() &&
             bufferWidth <= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) {
             crop.right = std::min(crop.right, static_cast<int32_t>(bufferWidth));
@@ -838,7 +841,7 @@
         }
         if (!crop.isValid()) {
             // Crop rect is out of bounds, return whole buffer
-            return s.buffer->getBuffer()->getBounds();
+            return s.buffer->getBounds();
         }
         return crop;
     }
@@ -860,8 +863,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    uint32_t bufferWidth = s.buffer->getBuffer()->width;
-    uint32_t bufferHeight = s.buffer->getBuffer()->height;
+    uint32_t bufferWidth = s.buffer->width;
+    uint32_t bufferHeight = s.buffer->height;
 
     // Undo any transformations on the buffer and return the result.
     if (s.bufferTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
@@ -888,16 +891,14 @@
     ATRACE_INT(mBlastTransactionName.c_str(), pendingBuffers);
 }
 
-void BufferStateLayer::bufferMayChange(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& newBuffer) {
-    if (mDrawingState.buffer != nullptr &&
-        (!mBufferInfo.mBuffer ||
-         mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer() != mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer()) &&
-        newBuffer != mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer()) {
+void BufferStateLayer::bufferMayChange(sp<GraphicBuffer>& newBuffer) {
+    if (mDrawingState.buffer != nullptr && mDrawingState.buffer != mBufferInfo.mBuffer &&
+        newBuffer != mDrawingState.buffer) {
         // If we are about to update mDrawingState.buffer but it has not yet latched
         // then we will drop a buffer and should decrement the pending buffer count and
         // call any release buffer callbacks if set.
-        callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
-                                  mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer(), mDrawingState.acquireFence);
+        callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener, mDrawingState.buffer,
+                                  mDrawingState.acquireFence);
         decrementPendingBufferCount();
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
index a69d07f..8ce3e1f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@
     bool setTransform(uint32_t transform) override;
     bool setTransformToDisplayInverse(bool transformToDisplayInverse) override;
     bool setCrop(const Rect& crop) override;
-    bool setBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                   const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, nsecs_t postTime, nsecs_t desiredPresentTime,
-                   bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& clientCacheId, uint64_t frameNumber,
+    bool setBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, nsecs_t postTime,
+                   nsecs_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                   const client_cache_t& clientCacheId, uint64_t frameNumber,
                    std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime, const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
                    const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& transactionListener) override;
     bool setAcquireFence(const sp<Fence>& fence) override;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 
     // See mPendingBufferTransactions
     void decrementPendingBufferCount();
-    void bufferMayChange(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& newBuffer) override;
+    void bufferMayChange(sp<GraphicBuffer>& newBuffer) override;
     std::atomic<int32_t>* getPendingBufferCounter() override { return &mPendingBufferTransactions; }
     std::string getPendingBufferCounterName() override { return mBlastTransactionName; }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp
index f310738..44b33ef 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp
@@ -102,12 +102,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mRenderEngine == nullptr,
-                        "Attempted to build the ClientCache before a RenderEngine instance was "
-                        "ready!");
-    processBuffers[id].buffer = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(buffer, *mRenderEngine,
-                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+    processBuffers[id].buffer = buffer;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -137,7 +132,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> ClientCache::get(const client_cache_t& cacheId) {
+sp<GraphicBuffer> ClientCache::get(const client_cache_t& cacheId) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
 
     ClientCacheBuffer* buf = nullptr;
@@ -218,8 +213,8 @@
         auto &buffers = i.second.second;
         for (auto& [id, clientCacheBuffer] : buffers) {
             StringAppendF(&result, "\t ID: %d, Width/Height: %d,%d\n", (int)id,
-                          (int)clientCacheBuffer.buffer->getBuffer()->getWidth(),
-                          (int)clientCacheBuffer.buffer->getBuffer()->getHeight());
+                          (int)clientCacheBuffer.buffer->getWidth(),
+                          (int)clientCacheBuffer.buffer->getHeight());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.h b/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.h
index a9b8177..0d597c8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.h
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
-#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <utils/Singleton.h>
@@ -40,11 +39,7 @@
     bool add(const client_cache_t& cacheId, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer);
     void erase(const client_cache_t& cacheId);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> get(const client_cache_t& cacheId);
-
-    // Always called immediately after setup. Will be set to non-null, and then should never be
-    // called again.
-    void setRenderEngine(renderengine::RenderEngine* renderEngine) { mRenderEngine = renderEngine; }
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> get(const client_cache_t& cacheId);
 
     void removeProcess(const wp<IBinder>& processToken);
 
@@ -64,7 +59,7 @@
     std::mutex mMutex;
 
     struct ClientCacheBuffer {
-        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer;
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
         std::set<wp<ErasedRecipient>> recipients;
     };
     std::map<wp<IBinder> /*caching process*/,
@@ -78,7 +73,6 @@
     };
 
     sp<CacheDeathRecipient> mDeathRecipient;
-    renderengine::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = nullptr;
 
     bool getBuffer(const client_cache_t& cacheId, ClientCacheBuffer** outClientCacheBuffer)
             REQUIRES(mMutex);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h
index daee83b..f680460 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h
@@ -16,16 +16,15 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
-
 namespace android {
 
 class GraphicBuffer;
@@ -81,8 +80,7 @@
     virtual void prepareFrame(bool usesClientComposition, bool usesDeviceComposition) = 0;
 
     // Allocates a buffer as scratch space for GPU composition
-    virtual std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> dequeueBuffer(
-            base::unique_fd* bufferFence) = 0;
+    virtual sp<GraphicBuffer> dequeueBuffer(base::unique_fd* bufferFence) = 0;
 
     // Queues the drawn buffer for consumption by HWC. readyFence is the fence
     // which will fire when the buffer is ready for consumption.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h
index a8d372c..a1230b3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@
 
     // The DisplaySurface for this surface
     sp<DisplaySurface> displaySurface;
-
-    size_t maxTextureCacheSize;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -83,11 +81,6 @@
         return *this;
     }
 
-    RenderSurfaceCreationArgsBuilder& setMaxTextureCacheSize(size_t maxTextureCacheSize) {
-        mArgs.maxTextureCacheSize = maxTextureCacheSize;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
 private:
     RenderSurfaceCreationArgs mArgs;
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h
index c61ec59..48a54d6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/HwcBufferCache.h>
-#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+#include <renderengine/Mesh.h>
 #include <ui/FloatRect.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 
     // Overrides the buffer, acquire fence, and display frame stored in LayerFECompositionState
     struct {
-        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer = nullptr;
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = nullptr;
         sp<Fence> acquireFence = nullptr;
         Rect displayFrame = {};
         ui::Dataspace dataspace{ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h
index a8a5380..5127a6f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h
@@ -16,16 +16,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <compositionengine/RenderSurface.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
-#include "renderengine/RenderEngine.h"
-
 struct ANativeWindow;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -58,8 +54,7 @@
     void setProtected(bool useProtected) override;
     status_t beginFrame(bool mustRecompose) override;
     void prepareFrame(bool usesClientComposition, bool usesDeviceComposition) override;
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> dequeueBuffer(
-            base::unique_fd* bufferFence) override;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> dequeueBuffer(base::unique_fd* bufferFence) override;
     void queueBuffer(base::unique_fd readyFence) override;
     void onPresentDisplayCompleted() override;
     void flip() override;
@@ -71,7 +66,7 @@
     // Testing
     void setPageFlipCountForTest(std::uint32_t);
     void setSizeForTest(const ui::Size&);
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& mutableTextureForTest();
+    sp<GraphicBuffer>& mutableGraphicBufferForTest();
     base::unique_fd& mutableBufferReadyForTest();
 
 private:
@@ -80,13 +75,10 @@
 
     // ANativeWindow being rendered into
     const sp<ANativeWindow> mNativeWindow;
-
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>> mTextureCache;
-    // Current texture being rendered into
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mTexture;
+    // Current buffer being rendered into
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mGraphicBuffer;
     const sp<DisplaySurface> mDisplaySurface;
     ui::Size mSize;
-    const size_t mMaxTextureCacheSize;
     bool mProtected{false};
     std::uint32_t mPageFlipCount{0};
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
index 53f4a30..c5d03a7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
     const Rect& getBounds() const { return mBounds; }
     const Region& getVisibleRegion() const { return mVisibleRegion; }
     size_t getAge() const { return mAge; }
-    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& getBuffer() const { return mTexture; }
+    const sp<GraphicBuffer>& getBuffer() const { return mTexture.getBuffer(); }
     const sp<Fence>& getDrawFence() const { return mDrawFence; }
     const ProjectionSpace& getOutputSpace() const { return mOutputSpace; }
     ui::Dataspace getOutputDataspace() const { return mOutputDataspace; }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 
     void setLastUpdate(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now) { mLastUpdate = now; }
     void append(const CachedSet& other) {
-        mTexture = nullptr;
+        mTexture.setBuffer(nullptr, nullptr);
         mOutputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
         mDrawFence = nullptr;
 
@@ -115,7 +115,31 @@
     Region mVisibleRegion;
     size_t mAge = 0;
 
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mTexture;
+    class Texture {
+    public:
+        ~Texture() { setBuffer(nullptr, nullptr); }
+
+        void setBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, renderengine::RenderEngine* re) {
+            if (mRE && mBuffer) {
+                mRE->unbindExternalTextureBuffer(mBuffer->getId());
+            }
+
+            mBuffer = buffer;
+            mRE = re;
+
+            if (mRE && mBuffer) {
+                mRE->cacheExternalTextureBuffer(mBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const sp<GraphicBuffer>& getBuffer() const { return mBuffer; }
+
+    private:
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer = nullptr;
+        renderengine::RenderEngine* mRE = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    Texture mTexture;
     sp<Fence> mDrawFence;
     ProjectionSpace mOutputSpace;
     ui::Dataspace mOutputDataspace;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h
index fe858c2..a0cae6f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD1(setBufferPixelFormat, void(ui::PixelFormat));
     MOCK_METHOD1(beginFrame, status_t(bool mustRecompose));
     MOCK_METHOD2(prepareFrame, void(bool, bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(dequeueBuffer, std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(base::unique_fd*));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(dequeueBuffer, sp<GraphicBuffer>(base::unique_fd*));
     MOCK_METHOD1(queueBuffer, void(base::unique_fd));
     MOCK_METHOD0(onPresentDisplayCompleted, void());
     MOCK_METHOD0(flip, void());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index 3468b20..3ac5433 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
+#include <thread>
+
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <compositionengine/CompositionEngine.h>
 #include <compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h>
@@ -28,9 +29,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h>
 
-#include <thread>
-
-#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
+#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
@@ -716,11 +715,11 @@
         bool skipLayer = false;
         if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer != nullptr) {
             if (previousOverride != nullptr &&
-                layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer() == previousOverride) {
+                layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer == previousOverride) {
                 ALOGV("Skipping redundant buffer");
                 skipLayer = true;
             }
-            previousOverride = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer();
+            previousOverride = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
         }
 
         const bool includeGeometry = refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame;
@@ -979,15 +978,14 @@
     }
 
     base::unique_fd fd;
-
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> tex;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf;
 
     // If we aren't doing client composition on this output, but do have a
     // flipClientTarget request for this frame on this output, we still need to
     // dequeue a buffer.
     if (hasClientComposition || outputState.flipClientTarget) {
-        tex = mRenderSurface->dequeueBuffer(&fd);
-        if (tex == nullptr) {
+        buf = mRenderSurface->dequeueBuffer(&fd);
+        if (buf == nullptr) {
             ALOGW("Dequeuing buffer for display [%s] failed, bailing out of "
                   "client composition for this frame",
                   mName.c_str());
@@ -1032,14 +1030,13 @@
     // Check if the client composition requests were rendered into the provided graphic buffer. If
     // so, we can reuse the buffer and avoid client composition.
     if (mClientCompositionRequestCache) {
-        if (mClientCompositionRequestCache->exists(tex->getBuffer()->getId(),
-                                                   clientCompositionDisplay,
+        if (mClientCompositionRequestCache->exists(buf->getId(), clientCompositionDisplay,
                                                    clientCompositionLayers)) {
             outputCompositionState.reusedClientComposition = true;
             setExpensiveRenderingExpected(false);
             return readyFence;
         }
-        mClientCompositionRequestCache->add(tex->getBuffer()->getId(), clientCompositionDisplay,
+        mClientCompositionRequestCache->add(buf->getId(), clientCompositionDisplay,
                                             clientCompositionLayers);
     }
 
@@ -1072,12 +1069,12 @@
     // over to RenderEngine, in which case this flag can be removed from the drawLayers interface.
     const bool useFramebufferCache = outputState.layerStackInternal;
     status_t status =
-            renderEngine.drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, tex,
+            renderEngine.drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, buf,
                                     useFramebufferCache, std::move(fd), &readyFence);
 
     if (status != NO_ERROR && mClientCompositionRequestCache) {
         // If rendering was not successful, remove the request from the cache.
-        mClientCompositionRequestCache->remove(tex->getBuffer()->getId());
+        mClientCompositionRequestCache->remove(buf->getId());
     }
 
     auto& timeStats = getCompositionEngine().getTimeStats();
@@ -1154,9 +1151,9 @@
 
             std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> results;
             if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer != nullptr) {
-                if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer() != previousOverrideBuffer) {
+                if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer != previousOverrideBuffer) {
                     results = layer->getOverrideCompositionList();
-                    previousOverrideBuffer = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer();
+                    previousOverrideBuffer = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
                     ALOGV("Replacing [%s] with override in RE", layer->getLayerFE().getDebugName());
                 } else {
                     ALOGV("Skipping redundant override buffer for [%s] in RE",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
index 9ca8914..f640f85 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = outputIndependentState.buffer;
     sp<Fence> acquireFence = outputIndependentState.acquireFence;
     if (getState().overrideInfo.buffer != nullptr) {
-        buffer = getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer();
+        buffer = getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
         acquireFence = getState().overrideInfo.acquireFence;
     }
 
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
     settings.geometry = renderengine::Geometry{
             .boundaries = boundaries.toFloatRect(),
     };
-    settings.bufferId = getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer()->getId();
+    settings.bufferId = getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getId();
     settings.source = renderengine::PixelSource{
             .buffer = renderengine::Buffer{
                     .buffer = getState().overrideInfo.buffer,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
index ef50870..3bef77d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/DumpHelpers.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h>
+
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <system/window.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@
         mDisplay(display),
         mNativeWindow(args.nativeWindow),
         mDisplaySurface(args.displaySurface),
-        mSize(args.displayWidth, args.displayHeight),
-        mMaxTextureCacheSize(args.maxTextureCacheSize) {
+        mSize(args.displayWidth, args.displayHeight) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mNativeWindow);
 }
 
@@ -147,8 +146,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> RenderSurface::dequeueBuffer(
-        base::unique_fd* bufferFence) {
+sp<GraphicBuffer> RenderSurface::dequeueBuffer(base::unique_fd* bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     int fd = -1;
     ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer = nullptr;
@@ -160,41 +158,16 @@
               mDisplay.getName().c_str(), result);
         // Return fast here as we can't do much more - any rendering we do
         // now will just be wrong.
-        return mTexture;
+        return mGraphicBuffer;
     }
 
-    ALOGW_IF(mTexture != nullptr, "Clobbering a non-null pointer to a buffer [%p].",
-             mTexture->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer()->handle);
-
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> newBuffer = GraphicBuffer::from(buffer);
-
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> texture;
-
-    for (auto it = mTextureCache.begin(); it != mTextureCache.end(); it++) {
-        const auto& cachedTexture = *it;
-        if (cachedTexture->getBuffer()->getId() == newBuffer->getId()) {
-            texture = cachedTexture;
-            mTextureCache.erase(it);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (texture) {
-        mTexture = texture;
-    } else {
-        mTexture = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(GraphicBuffer::from(buffer),
-                                               mCompositionEngine.getRenderEngine(),
-                                               renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
-    }
-    mTextureCache.push_back(mTexture);
-    if (mTextureCache.size() > mMaxTextureCacheSize) {
-        mTextureCache.erase(mTextureCache.begin());
-    }
+    ALOGW_IF(mGraphicBuffer != nullptr, "Clobbering a non-null pointer to a buffer [%p].",
+             mGraphicBuffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle);
+    mGraphicBuffer = GraphicBuffer::from(buffer);
 
     *bufferFence = base::unique_fd(fd);
 
-    return mTexture;
+    return mGraphicBuffer;
 }
 
 void RenderSurface::queueBuffer(base::unique_fd readyFence) {
@@ -204,24 +177,24 @@
         // hasFlipClientTargetRequest could return true even if we haven't
         // dequeued a buffer before. Try dequeueing one if we don't have a
         // buffer ready.
-        if (mTexture == nullptr) {
+        if (mGraphicBuffer == nullptr) {
             ALOGI("Attempting to queue a client composited buffer without one "
                   "previously dequeued for display [%s]. Attempting to dequeue "
                   "a scratch buffer now",
                   mDisplay.getName().c_str());
-            // We shouldn't deadlock here, since mTexture == nullptr only
+            // We shouldn't deadlock here, since mGraphicBuffer == nullptr only
             // after a successful call to queueBuffer, or if dequeueBuffer has
             // never been called.
             base::unique_fd unused;
             dequeueBuffer(&unused);
         }
 
-        if (mTexture == nullptr) {
+        if (mGraphicBuffer == nullptr) {
             ALOGE("No buffer is ready for display [%s]", mDisplay.getName().c_str());
         } else {
-            status_t result = mNativeWindow->queueBuffer(mNativeWindow.get(),
-                                                         mTexture->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(),
-                                                         dup(readyFence));
+            status_t result =
+                    mNativeWindow->queueBuffer(mNativeWindow.get(),
+                                               mGraphicBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), dup(readyFence));
             if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("Error when queueing buffer for display [%s]: %d", mDisplay.getName().c_str(),
                       result);
@@ -231,12 +204,11 @@
                     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("ANativeWindow::queueBuffer failed with error: %d", result);
                 } else {
                     mNativeWindow->cancelBuffer(mNativeWindow.get(),
-                                                mTexture->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(),
-                                                dup(readyFence));
+                                                mGraphicBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), dup(readyFence));
                 }
             }
 
-            mTexture = nullptr;
+            mGraphicBuffer = nullptr;
         }
     }
 
@@ -284,8 +256,8 @@
     mSize = size;
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& RenderSurface::mutableTextureForTest() {
-    return mTexture;
+sp<GraphicBuffer>& RenderSurface::mutableGraphicBufferForTest() {
+    return mGraphicBuffer;
 }
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
index 53557bb..dcb7555 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 }
 
 bool CachedSet::hasReadyBuffer() const {
-    return mTexture != nullptr && mDrawFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Signaled;
+    return mTexture.getBuffer() != nullptr && mDrawFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Signaled;
 }
 
 std::vector<CachedSet> CachedSet::decompose() const {
@@ -217,27 +217,21 @@
     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer(static_cast<uint32_t>(mBounds.getWidth()),
                                                  static_cast<uint32_t>(mBounds.getHeight()),
                                                  HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usageFlags);
-    const auto texture = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(buffer, renderEngine,
-                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(buffer->initCheck() != OK);
     base::unique_fd drawFence;
 
-    status_t result = renderEngine.drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers, mTexture,
-                                              false, base::unique_fd(), &drawFence);
+    status_t result = renderEngine.drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers, buffer, false,
+                                              base::unique_fd(), &drawFence);
 
     if (result == NO_ERROR) {
+        mTexture.setBuffer(buffer, &renderEngine);
         mDrawFence = new Fence(drawFence.release());
         mOutputSpace = ProjectionSpace(ui::Size(outputState.framebufferSpace.bounds.getWidth(),
                                                 outputState.framebufferSpace.bounds.getHeight()),
                                        mBounds);
-        mTexture = std::move(texture);
         mOutputSpace.orientation = outputState.framebufferSpace.orientation;
         mOutputDataspace = outputDataspace;
         mOrientation = orientation;
-    } else {
-        mTexture = nullptr;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
index 3a2534b..ad75557 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
@@ -111,12 +111,7 @@
     const GraphicBuffer* currentOverrideBuffer = nullptr;
     bool hasSkippedLayers = false;
     for (auto layer : layers) {
-        if (!layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        const GraphicBuffer* overrideBuffer =
-                layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer().get();
+        const GraphicBuffer* overrideBuffer = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer.get();
         if (overrideBuffer != nullptr && overrideBuffer == currentOverrideBuffer) {
             // Skip this layer since it is part of a previous cached set
             hasSkippedLayers = true;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
index 4c3f494..8a4d161 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include "MockHWC2.h"
 #include "MockHWComposer.h"
 #include "RegionMatcher.h"
-#include "renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h"
 
 namespace android::compositionengine {
 namespace {
@@ -716,7 +715,7 @@
     static const HdrMetadata kHdrMetadata;
     static native_handle_t* kSidebandStreamHandle;
     static const sp<GraphicBuffer> kBuffer;
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> kOverrideBuffer;
+    static const sp<GraphicBuffer> kOverrideBuffer;
     static const sp<Fence> kFence;
     static const sp<Fence> kOverrideFence;
     static const std::string kLayerGenericMetadata1Key;
@@ -725,11 +724,6 @@
     static const std::vector<uint8_t> kLayerGenericMetadata2Value;
 
     OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest() {
-        kOverrideBuffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
-                                               renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
-                                                       renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::
-                                                               WRITEABLE);
         auto& outputLayerState = mOutputLayer.editState();
         outputLayerState.hwc = impl::OutputLayerCompositionState::Hwc(mHwcLayer);
 
@@ -845,7 +839,6 @@
 
     std::shared_ptr<HWC2::mock::Layer> mHwcLayer{std::make_shared<StrictMock<HWC2::mock::Layer>>()};
     StrictMock<mock::DisplayColorProfile> mDisplayColorProfile;
-    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
 };
 
 const half4 OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kColor{81.f / 255.f, 82.f / 255.f, 83.f / 255.f,
@@ -865,6 +858,7 @@
 native_handle_t* OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kSidebandStreamHandle =
         reinterpret_cast<native_handle_t*>(1031);
 const sp<GraphicBuffer> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kBuffer;
+const sp<GraphicBuffer> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
 const sp<Fence> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kFence;
 const sp<Fence> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideFence = new Fence();
 const std::string OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kLayerGenericMetadata1Key =
@@ -1029,7 +1023,7 @@
                               kOverrideBufferTransform, kOverrideBlendMode, kOverrideAlpha);
     expectPerFrameCommonCalls(SimulateUnsupported::None, kOverrideDataspace, kOverrideVisibleRegion,
                               kOverrideSurfaceDamage);
-    expectSetHdrMetadataAndBufferCalls(kOverrideBuffer->getBuffer(), kOverrideFence);
+    expectSetHdrMetadataAndBufferCalls(kOverrideBuffer, kOverrideFence);
     expectSetCompositionTypeCall(Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
 
     mOutputLayer.writeStateToHWC(/*includeGeometry*/ true, /*skipLayer*/ false);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index e80100c..5f0b0ee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/Output.h>
@@ -29,12 +31,9 @@
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
 
-#include <cmath>
-
 #include "CallOrderStateMachineHelper.h"
 #include "MockHWC2.h"
 #include "RegionMatcher.h"
-#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 
 namespace android::compositionengine {
 namespace {
@@ -2961,10 +2960,7 @@
     mock::DisplayColorProfile* mDisplayColorProfile = new StrictMock<mock::DisplayColorProfile>();
     mock::RenderSurface* mRenderSurface = new StrictMock<mock::RenderSurface>();
     StrictMock<OutputPartialMock> mOutput;
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mOutputBuffer = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
-                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mOutputBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
 
     std::optional<base::unique_fd> mReadyFence;
 };
@@ -3177,10 +3173,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
-    const auto otherOutputBuffer = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
-                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> otherOutputBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(mOutputBuffer))
             .WillOnce(Return(otherOutputBuffer));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
index 9aeb290..5ef5d7b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
-#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
@@ -241,9 +239,9 @@
                     DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(buffer.get()), SetArgPointee<1>(-1), Return(NO_ERROR)));
 
     base::unique_fd fence;
-    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.dequeueBuffer(&fence)->getBuffer().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.dequeueBuffer(&fence).get());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableTextureForTest()->getBuffer().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -251,11 +249,8 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesNoClientComposition) {
-    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
-                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
-    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = false;
@@ -266,45 +261,43 @@
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesClientComposition) {
-    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(),
-                                                                        mRenderEngine, false);
-    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = true;
     state.flipClientTarget = false;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, getState()).WillOnce(ReturnRef(state));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, advanceFrame()).Times(1);
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesFlipClientTargetRequest) {
-    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(),
-                                                                        mRenderEngine, false);
-    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = false;
     state.flipClientTarget = true;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, getState()).WillOnce(ReturnRef(state));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, advanceFrame()).Times(1);
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesFlipClientTargetRequestWithNoBufferYetDequeued) {
@@ -324,28 +317,27 @@
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesNativeWindowQueueBufferFailureOnVirtualDisplay) {
-    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(),
-                                                                        mRenderEngine, false);
-    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = true;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, getState()).WillOnce(ReturnRef(state));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(INVALID_OPERATION));
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, isVirtual()).WillOnce(Return(true));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, cancelBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, cancelBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, advanceFrame()).Times(1);
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
index 283c692..f01fe27 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
@@ -305,8 +305,8 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                                 const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
+                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                                base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
         EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2, 2), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content, displaySettings.clip);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation),
@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE1, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList1));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, cacheExternalTextureBuffer(_));
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
     expectReadyBuffer(cachedSet);
 
@@ -330,6 +331,7 @@
               cachedSet.getOutputSpace().bounds);
 
     // Now check that appending a new cached set properly cleans up RenderEngine resources.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, unbindExternalTextureBuffer(_));
     CachedSet::Layer& layer3 = *mTestLayers[2]->cachedSetLayer.get();
     cachedSet.append(CachedSet(layer3));
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 8692ee6..b7b2cc6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -70,13 +70,11 @@
         mIsPrimary(args.isPrimary) {
     mCompositionDisplay->editState().isSecure = args.isSecure;
     mCompositionDisplay->createRenderSurface(
-            compositionengine::
-                    RenderSurfaceCreationArgs{ANativeWindow_getWidth(args.nativeWindow.get()),
-                                              ANativeWindow_getHeight(args.nativeWindow.get()),
-                                              args.nativeWindow, args.displaySurface,
-                                              static_cast<size_t>(
-                                                      SurfaceFlinger::
-                                                              maxFrameBufferAcquiredBuffers)});
+            compositionengine::RenderSurfaceCreationArgs{ANativeWindow_getWidth(
+                                                                 args.nativeWindow.get()),
+                                                         ANativeWindow_getHeight(
+                                                                 args.nativeWindow.get()),
+                                                         args.nativeWindow, args.displaySurface});
 
     if (!mFlinger->mDisableClientCompositionCache &&
         SurfaceFlinger::maxFrameBufferAcquiredBuffers > 0) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index b12e3fb..829b916 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@
     }
 
     // Allow BufferStateLayer to release any unlatched buffers in drawing state.
-    bufferMayChange(c.buffer->getBuffer());
+    bufferMayChange(c.buffer);
 
     // Commit the transaction
     commitTransaction(c);
@@ -1062,11 +1062,7 @@
 
 void Layer::commitTransaction(State& stateToCommit) {
     if (auto& bufferSurfaceFrame = mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
-        ((mDrawingState.buffer && stateToCommit.buffer &&
-          mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer() != stateToCommit.buffer->getBuffer()) ||
-         (mDrawingState.buffer && !stateToCommit.buffer) ||
-         (!mDrawingState.buffer && stateToCommit.buffer)) &&
-        bufferSurfaceFrame != nullptr &&
+        mDrawingState.buffer != stateToCommit.buffer && bufferSurfaceFrame != nullptr &&
         bufferSurfaceFrame->getPresentState() != PresentState::Presented) {
         // If the previous buffer was committed but not latched (refreshPending - happens during
         // back to back invalidates), it gets silently dropped here. Mark the corresponding
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 8e51e41..64986af 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
 
         Region transparentRegionHint;
 
-        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer;
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
         client_cache_t clientCacheId;
         sp<Fence> acquireFence;
         std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> acquireFenceTime;
@@ -412,11 +412,10 @@
     // Used only to set BufferStateLayer state
     virtual bool setTransform(uint32_t /*transform*/) { return false; };
     virtual bool setTransformToDisplayInverse(bool /*transformToDisplayInverse*/) { return false; };
-    virtual bool setBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& /*buffer*/,
-                           const sp<Fence>& /*acquireFence*/, nsecs_t /*postTime*/,
-                           nsecs_t /*desiredPresentTime*/, bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/,
-                           const client_cache_t& /*clientCacheId*/, uint64_t /* frameNumber */,
-                           std::optional<nsecs_t> /* dequeueTime */,
+    virtual bool setBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& /*buffer*/, const sp<Fence>& /*acquireFence*/,
+                           nsecs_t /*postTime*/, nsecs_t /*desiredPresentTime*/,
+                           bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/, const client_cache_t& /*clientCacheId*/,
+                           uint64_t /* frameNumber */, std::optional<nsecs_t> /* dequeueTime */,
                            const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/,
                            const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& /* releaseBufferListener */) {
         return false;
@@ -727,7 +726,7 @@
      * Called before updating the drawing state buffer. Used by BufferStateLayer to release any
      * unlatched buffers in the drawing state.
      */
-    virtual void bufferMayChange(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& /* newBuffer */){};
+    virtual void bufferMayChange(sp<GraphicBuffer>& /* newBuffer */){};
 
     /*
      * Remove relative z for the layer if its relative parent is not part of the
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index a9fd16c..7a3e433 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -208,8 +208,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>>&
-RefreshRateOverlay::getOrCreateBuffers(uint32_t fps) {
+const std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>& RefreshRateOverlay::getOrCreateBuffers(uint32_t fps) {
     if (mBufferCache.find(fps) == mBufferCache.end()) {
         // Ensure the range is > 0, so we don't divide by 0.
         const auto rangeLength = std::max(1u, mHighFps - mLowFps);
@@ -223,17 +222,7 @@
         color.g = HIGH_FPS_COLOR.g * fpsScale + LOW_FPS_COLOR.g * (1 - fpsScale);
         color.b = HIGH_FPS_COLOR.b * fpsScale + LOW_FPS_COLOR.b * (1 - fpsScale);
         color.a = ALPHA;
-        auto buffers = SevenSegmentDrawer::drawNumber(fps, color, mShowSpinner);
-        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>> textures;
-        std::transform(buffers.begin(), buffers.end(), std::back_inserter(textures),
-                       [&](const auto& buffer) -> std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> {
-                           return std::make_shared<
-                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture>(buffer,
-                                                                  mFlinger.getRenderEngine(),
-                                                                  renderengine::ExternalTexture::
-                                                                          Usage::READABLE);
-                       });
-        mBufferCache.emplace(fps, textures);
+        mBufferCache.emplace(fps, SevenSegmentDrawer::drawNumber(fps, color, mShowSpinner));
     }
 
     return mBufferCache[fps];
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index aa8329c..c16cfa0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <unordered_map>
+
 #include <math/vec4.h>
-#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
-#include <unordered_map>
-
 #include "Fps.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -71,8 +70,7 @@
     };
 
     bool createLayer();
-    const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>>& getOrCreateBuffers(
-            uint32_t fps);
+    const std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>& getOrCreateBuffers(uint32_t fps);
 
     SurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
     const sp<Client> mClient;
@@ -80,8 +78,7 @@
     sp<IBinder> mIBinder;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mGbp;
 
-    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>>>
-            mBufferCache;
+    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>> mBufferCache;
     std::optional<int> mCurrentFps;
     int mFrame = 0;
     static constexpr float ALPHA = 0.8f;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index 00090d9..d0032ac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -438,22 +438,18 @@
         mFlinger.traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, CaptureArgs::UNSET_UID, filterVisitor);
     };
 
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer = nullptr;
-    if (mCachedBuffer && mCachedBuffer->getBuffer()->getWidth() == sampledBounds.getWidth() &&
-        mCachedBuffer->getBuffer()->getHeight() == sampledBounds.getHeight()) {
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = nullptr;
+    if (mCachedBuffer && mCachedBuffer->getWidth() == sampledBounds.getWidth() &&
+        mCachedBuffer->getHeight() == sampledBounds.getHeight()) {
         buffer = mCachedBuffer;
     } else {
         const uint32_t usage =
                 GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE;
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer =
-                new GraphicBuffer(sampledBounds.getWidth(), sampledBounds.getHeight(),
-                                  PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usage, "RegionSamplingThread");
-        const status_t bufferStatus = graphicBuffer->initCheck();
+        buffer = new GraphicBuffer(sampledBounds.getWidth(), sampledBounds.getHeight(),
+                                   PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usage, "RegionSamplingThread");
+        const status_t bufferStatus = buffer->initCheck();
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(bufferStatus != OK, "captureSample: Buffer failed to allocate: %d",
                             bufferStatus);
-        buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(graphicBuffer, mFlinger.getRenderEngine(),
-                                               renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
     }
 
     const sp<SyncScreenCaptureListener> captureListener = new SyncScreenCaptureListener();
@@ -469,8 +465,8 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("Sampling %zu descriptors", activeDescriptors.size());
-    std::vector<float> lumas = sampleBuffer(buffer->getBuffer(), sampledBounds.leftTop(),
-                                            activeDescriptors, orientation);
+    std::vector<float> lumas =
+            sampleBuffer(buffer, sampledBounds.leftTop(), activeDescriptors, orientation);
     if (lumas.size() != activeDescriptors.size()) {
         ALOGW("collected %zu median luma values for %zu descriptors", lumas.size(),
               activeDescriptors.size());
@@ -481,6 +477,16 @@
         activeDescriptors[d].listener->onSampleCollected(lumas[d]);
     }
 
+    // Extend the lifetime of mCachedBuffer from the previous frame to here to ensure that:
+    // 1) The region sampling thread is the last owner of the buffer, and the freeing of the buffer
+    // happens in this thread, as opposed to the main thread.
+    // 2) The listener(s) receive their notifications prior to freeing the buffer.
+    if (mCachedBuffer != nullptr && mCachedBuffer != buffer) {
+        if (mFlinger.getRenderEngine().getRenderEngineType() ==
+            renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED) {
+            mFlinger.getRenderEngine().unbindExternalTextureBuffer(mCachedBuffer->getId());
+        }
+    }
     mCachedBuffer = buffer;
     ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::noWorkNeeded));
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
index 86632db..0defdb3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
@@ -16,19 +16,17 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
-#include <binder/IBinder.h>
-#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/Rect.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-
 #include <chrono>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 #include "Scheduler/OneShotTimer.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -124,8 +122,7 @@
 
     std::mutex mSamplingMutex;
     std::unordered_map<wp<IBinder>, Descriptor, WpHash> mDescriptors GUARDED_BY(mSamplingMutex);
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mCachedBuffer GUARDED_BY(mSamplingMutex) =
-            nullptr;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mCachedBuffer GUARDED_BY(mSamplingMutex) = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index e66f65b..02579c6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -735,7 +735,6 @@
     mCompositionEngine->setTimeStats(mTimeStats);
     mCompositionEngine->setHwComposer(getFactory().createHWComposer(getBE().mHwcServiceName));
     mCompositionEngine->getHwComposer().setConfiguration(this, getBE().mComposerSequenceId);
-    ClientCache::getInstance().setRenderEngine(&getRenderEngine());
     // Process any initial hotplug and resulting display changes.
     processDisplayHotplugEventsLocked();
     const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
@@ -3708,6 +3707,7 @@
 
     if (uncacheBuffer.isValid()) {
         ClientCache::getInstance().erase(uncacheBuffer);
+        getRenderEngine().unbindExternalTextureBuffer(uncacheBuffer.id);
     }
 
     // If a synchronous transaction is explicitly requested without any changes, force a transaction
@@ -4083,16 +4083,23 @@
     }
     bool bufferChanged = what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
     bool cacheIdChanged = what & layer_state_t::eCachedBufferChanged;
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
     if (bufferChanged && cacheIdChanged && s.buffer != nullptr) {
-        ClientCache::getInstance().add(s.cachedBuffer, s.buffer);
-        buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().get(s.cachedBuffer);
+        buffer = s.buffer;
+        bool success = ClientCache::getInstance().add(s.cachedBuffer, s.buffer);
+        if (success) {
+            getRenderEngine().cacheExternalTextureBuffer(s.buffer);
+            success = ClientCache::getInstance()
+                              .registerErasedRecipient(s.cachedBuffer,
+                                                       wp<ClientCache::ErasedRecipient>(this));
+            if (!success) {
+                getRenderEngine().unbindExternalTextureBuffer(s.buffer->getId());
+            }
+        }
     } else if (cacheIdChanged) {
         buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().get(s.cachedBuffer);
     } else if (bufferChanged) {
-        buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(s.buffer, getRenderEngine(),
-                                               renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+        buffer = s.buffer;
     }
     if (buffer) {
         const bool frameNumberChanged = what & layer_state_t::eFrameNumberChanged;
@@ -5996,17 +6003,15 @@
     const status_t bufferStatus = buffer->initCheck();
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(bufferStatus != OK, "captureScreenCommon: Buffer failed to allocate: %d",
                         bufferStatus);
-    const auto texture = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(buffer, getRenderEngine(),
-                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
-    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, texture,
+    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer,
                                false /* regionSampling */, grayscale, captureListener);
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
-        RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-        const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
-        bool grayscale, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture,
+                                             TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
+                                             sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
+                                             bool grayscale,
+                                             const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (captureListener == nullptr) {
@@ -6039,6 +6044,15 @@
                                             regionSampling, grayscale, captureResults);
         });
 
+        // TODO(b/180767535): Remove this once we optimize buffer lifecycle for RenderEngine
+        // Only do this when we're not doing region sampling, to allow the region sampling thread to
+        // manage buffer lifecycle itself.
+        if (!regionSampling &&
+            getRenderEngine().getRenderEngineType() ==
+                    renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED) {
+            getRenderEngine().unbindExternalTextureBuffer(buffer->getId());
+        }
+
         captureResults.result = result;
         captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
     }));
@@ -6046,10 +6060,11 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImplLocked(
-        const RenderArea& renderArea, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-        const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool forSystem,
-        bool regionSampling, bool grayscale, ScreenCaptureResults& captureResults) {
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
+                                                TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
+                                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool forSystem,
+                                                bool regionSampling, bool grayscale,
+                                                ScreenCaptureResults& captureResults) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     traverseLayers([&](Layer* layer) {
@@ -6057,7 +6072,7 @@
                 captureResults.capturedSecureLayers || (layer->isVisible() && layer->isSecure());
     });
 
-    const bool useProtected = buffer->getBuffer()->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED;
+    const bool useProtected = buffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED;
 
     // We allow the system server to take screenshots of secure layers for
     // use in situations like the Screen-rotation animation and place
@@ -6067,7 +6082,7 @@
         return PERMISSION_DENIED;
     }
 
-    captureResults.buffer = buffer->getBuffer();
+    captureResults.buffer = buffer;
     captureResults.capturedDataspace = renderArea.getReqDataSpace();
 
     const auto reqWidth = renderArea.getReqWidth();
@@ -6158,9 +6173,11 @@
     base::unique_fd drawFence;
     getRenderEngine().useProtectedContext(useProtected);
 
-    const constexpr bool kUseFramebufferCache = false;
+    // TODO(b/180767535): Remove this once we optimize buffer lifecycle for RenderEngine
+    const bool useFramebufferCache = getRenderEngine().getRenderEngineType() ==
+            renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED;
     getRenderEngine().drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, buffer,
-                                 kUseFramebufferCache, std::move(bufferFence), &drawFence);
+                                 useFramebufferCache, std::move(bufferFence), &drawFence);
 
     if (drawFence >= 0) {
         sp<Fence> releaseFence = new Fence(dup(drawFence));
@@ -6425,6 +6442,10 @@
     mOffscreenLayers.erase(layer);
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::bufferErased(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) {
+    getRenderEngine().unbindExternalTextureBuffer(clientCacheId.id);
+}
+
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setGlobalShadowSettings(const half4& ambientColor, const half4& spotColor,
                                                  float lightPosY, float lightPosZ,
                                                  float lightRadius) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index a242d8a..b3da61e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 
 class SurfaceFlinger : public BnSurfaceComposer,
                        public PriorityDumper,
+                       public ClientCache::ErasedRecipient,
                        private IBinder::DeathRecipient,
                        private HWC2::ComposerCallback,
                        private ISchedulerCallback {
@@ -331,6 +332,9 @@
     wp<Layer> fromHandle(const sp<IBinder>& handle);
     wp<Layer> fromHandleLocked(const sp<IBinder>& handle) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
+    // Inherit from ClientCache::ErasedRecipient
+    void bufferErased(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) override;
+
     // If set, disables reusing client composition buffers. This can be set by
     // debug.sf.disable_client_composition_cache
     bool mDisableClientCompositionCache = false;
@@ -903,14 +907,12 @@
     status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, ui::Size bufferSize,
                                  ui::PixelFormat, bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
                                  const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
-    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction,
-                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
+    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, sp<GraphicBuffer>&,
                                  bool regionSampling, bool grayscale,
                                  const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
     status_t renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea&, TraverseLayersFunction,
-                                    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                    bool forSystem, bool regionSampling, bool grayscale,
-                                    ScreenCaptureResults&);
+                                    const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, bool forSystem, bool regionSampling,
+                                    bool grayscale, ScreenCaptureResults&);
 
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayByIdOrLayerStack(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayById(DisplayId displayId) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 3042450..4e1c0c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@
 
     sp<Fence> mClientTargetAcquireFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
 
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mCaptureScreenBuffer;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mCaptureScreenBuffer;
 };
 
 template <typename LayerCase>
@@ -244,15 +243,11 @@
     // TODO: Eliminate expensive/real allocation if possible.
     const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN |
             GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE;
-    mCaptureScreenBuffer = std::make_shared<
-            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(renderArea->getReqWidth(),
-                                                             renderArea->getReqHeight(),
-                                                             HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usage,
-                                                             "screenshot"),
-                                           *mRenderEngine, true);
+    mCaptureScreenBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(renderArea->getReqWidth(), renderArea->getReqHeight(),
+                                             HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usage, "screenshot");
 
     status_t result =
-            mFlinger.renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer,
+            mFlinger.renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer.get(),
                                             forSystem, regionSampling);
     EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, result);
 
@@ -345,8 +340,8 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillRepeatedly([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                                    const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
-                                   const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                   const bool, base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                                   base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -394,8 +389,8 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillRepeatedly([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                                    const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
-                                   const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                   const bool, base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                                   base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -630,8 +625,8 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                             base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                             const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                             base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -679,8 +674,8 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                             base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                             const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                             base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -756,8 +751,8 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                             base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                             const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                             base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index d004b9d..63baf7d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@
 
     auto renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
                                 SurfaceFlinger::TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                                bool forSystem, bool regionSampling) {
+                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool forSystem,
+                                bool regionSampling) {
         ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
         return mFlinger->renderScreenImplLocked(renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer, forSystem,
                                                 regionSampling, false /* grayscale */,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
index 690a7fd..b5ef0a1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
-#include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
-    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
     FenceToFenceTimeMap fenceFactory;
     client_cache_t mClientCache;
 
@@ -112,12 +109,9 @@
         sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
 
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         int32_t layerId = layer->getSequence();
-        uint64_t bufferId = buffer->getBuffer()->getId();
+        uint64_t bufferId = buffer->getId();
         uint64_t frameNumber = 5;
         nsecs_t dequeueTime = 10;
         nsecs_t postTime = 20;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
index 6ff6e90..c75538f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
-#include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
@@ -106,7 +104,6 @@
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
-    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
     FenceToFenceTimeMap fenceFactory;
     client_cache_t mClientCache;
 
@@ -127,10 +124,7 @@
         sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         acquireFence->signalForTest(12);
@@ -155,10 +149,7 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence1 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence1);
-        const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer1{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mCurrentState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
@@ -167,10 +158,7 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence2(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence2 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence2);
-        const auto buffer2 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer2{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         nsecs_t start = systemTime();
         layer->setBuffer(buffer2, fence2, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
@@ -208,10 +196,8 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
+
         layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         acquireFence->signalForTest(12);
@@ -236,10 +222,8 @@
         sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
+
         layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mCurrentState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
@@ -268,10 +252,8 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
+
         layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 3, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         EXPECT_EQ(2u, layer->mCurrentState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
@@ -369,10 +351,7 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence1 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence1);
-        const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer1{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mCurrentState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
@@ -380,10 +359,7 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence2(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence2 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence2);
-        const auto buffer2 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer2{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         layer->setBuffer(buffer2, fence2, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         acquireFence2->signalForTest(12);
@@ -410,10 +386,7 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence1 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence1);
-        const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer1{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mCurrentState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
@@ -422,10 +395,7 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence2(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence2 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence2);
-        const auto buffer2 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer2{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         auto dropStartTime1 = systemTime();
         layer->setBuffer(buffer2, fence2, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID, /*inputEventId*/ 0},
@@ -437,10 +407,7 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence3(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence3 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence3);
-        const auto buffer3 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer3{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
         auto dropStartTime2 = systemTime();
         layer->setBuffer(buffer3, fence3, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                          {/*vsyncId*/ 2, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);
@@ -480,11 +447,7 @@
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<frametimeline::SurfaceFrame>> bufferlessSurfaceFrames;
         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
             sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
-            const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                    renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1,
-                                                                     HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
-                                                                     0),
-                                                   mRenderEngine, false);
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer1{new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0)};
             layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
                              {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0},
                              nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */);