diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerMetadata.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerMetadata.cpp
index 745433a..04d2871 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerMetadata.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerMetadata.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,23 @@
 
 LayerMetadata::LayerMetadata(LayerMetadata&& other) = default;
 
-void LayerMetadata::merge(const LayerMetadata& other) {
+bool LayerMetadata::merge(const LayerMetadata& other, bool eraseEmpty) {
+    bool changed = false;
     for (const auto& entry : other.mMap) {
-        mMap[entry.first] = entry.second;
+        auto it = mMap.find(entry.first);
+        if (it != mMap.cend() && it->second != entry.second) {
+            if (eraseEmpty && entry.second.empty()) {
+                mMap.erase(it);
+            } else {
+                it->second = entry.second;
+            }
+            changed = true;
+        } else if (it == mMap.cend() && !entry.second.empty()) {
+            mMap[entry.first] = entry.second;
+            changed = true;
+        }
     }
+    return changed;
 }
 
 status_t LayerMetadata::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
index 3ae10e4..47f0ced 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@
     LayerMetadata& operator=(const LayerMetadata& other);
     LayerMetadata& operator=(LayerMetadata&& other);
 
-    void merge(const LayerMetadata& other);
+    // Merges other into this LayerMetadata. If eraseEmpty is true, any entries in
+    // in this whose keys are paired with empty values in other will be erased.
+    bool merge(const LayerMetadata& other, bool eraseEmpty = false);
 
     status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override;
     status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index e48c41e..f6b69eb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@
         mReleasePreviousBuffer = true;
     }
 
-    mCurrentState.sequence++;
     mCurrentState.buffer = buffer;
     mCurrentState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
@@ -217,7 +216,6 @@
 
 bool BufferStateLayer::setDataspace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     if (mCurrentState.dataspace == dataspace) return false;
-    mCurrentState.sequence++;
     mCurrentState.dataspace = dataspace;
     mCurrentState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index daef7c6..b7aa5a5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -1338,10 +1338,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool Layer::setMetadata(LayerMetadata data) {
-    bool changed = data.mMap != mCurrentState.metadata.mMap;
-    if (!changed) return false;
-    mCurrentState.metadata = std::move(data);
+bool Layer::setMetadata(const LayerMetadata& data) {
+    if (!mCurrentState.metadata.merge(data, true /* eraseEmpty */)) return false;
     mCurrentState.sequence++;
     mCurrentState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 1375a39..fcec262 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
                                               uint64_t frameNumber);
     virtual void deferTransactionUntil_legacy(const sp<Layer>& barrierLayer, uint64_t frameNumber);
     virtual bool setOverrideScalingMode(int32_t overrideScalingMode);
-    virtual bool setMetadata(LayerMetadata data);
+    virtual bool setMetadata(const LayerMetadata& data);
     virtual bool reparentChildren(const sp<IBinder>& layer);
     virtual void setChildrenDrawingParent(const sp<Layer>& layer);
     virtual bool reparent(const sp<IBinder>& newParentHandle);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 6d10986..df558e5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -4102,7 +4102,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    layer->setMetadata(std::move(metadata));
+    layer->setMetadata(metadata);
 
     bool addToCurrentState = callingThreadHasUnscopedSurfaceFlingerAccess();
     result = addClientLayer(client, *handle, *gbp, layer, *parent,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerMetadataTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerMetadataTest.cpp
index 92c9f92..75a061b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerMetadataTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerMetadataTest.cpp
@@ -62,17 +62,6 @@
     metadata.mMap[2] = std::vector<uint8_t>{'a', 'b'};
     ASSERT_EQ(0, metadata.getInt32(2, 0));
 
-    LayerMetadata second;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> someData{'c', 'd', '\0'};
-    second.mMap[2] = someData;
-    second.setInt32(6, 5);
-    metadata.merge(second);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(3, metadata.mMap.size());
-    ASSERT_EQ(someData, second.mMap[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(5, metadata.getInt32(6, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, metadata.getInt32(4, 0));
-
     Parcel p;
     metadata.writeToParcel(&p);
     LayerMetadata reconstructed;
@@ -82,5 +71,39 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(metadata.mMap, reconstructed.mMap);
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerMetadataTest, merge) {
+    LayerMetadata metadata;
+    metadata.setInt32(4, 2);
+    metadata.mMap[2] = std::vector<uint8_t>{'a', 'b'};
+
+    LayerMetadata second;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> someData{'c', 'd', '\0'};
+    second.mMap[2] = someData;
+    second.setInt32(6, 5);
+    second.mMap[4].clear(); // will not delete if eraseEmpty is false
+    bool changed = metadata.merge(second);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(changed);
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, metadata.mMap.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(someData, second.mMap[2]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, metadata.getInt32(6, 0));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(metadata.mMap.at(4).empty());
+
+    LayerMetadata withErase;
+    withErase.mMap[6].clear();
+    changed = metadata.merge(withErase, true /* eraseEmpty */);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(changed);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, metadata.mMap.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(someData, second.mMap[2]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, metadata.has(4));
+
+    // test for change detection
+    LayerMetadata third;
+    third.mMap[2] = someData;
+    third.mMap[5].clear();
+    changed = metadata.merge(third);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(changed);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp b/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp
index b49d894..a7fd912 100644
--- a/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/bufferhubd/producer_channel.cpp
@@ -392,8 +392,8 @@
 Status<void> ProducerChannel::OnProducerPost(Message&,
                                              LocalFence acquire_fence) {
   ATRACE_NAME("ProducerChannel::OnProducerPost");
-  ALOGD("ProducerChannel::OnProducerPost: buffer_id=%d, state=0x%x",
-        buffer_id(), buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire));
+  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: buffer_id=%d, state=0x%x", __FUNCTION__, buffer_id(),
+           buffer_state_->load(std::memory_order_acquire));
 
   epoll_event event;
   event.events = 0;
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
 
 Status<LocalFence> ProducerChannel::OnProducerGain(Message& /*message*/) {
   ATRACE_NAME("ProducerChannel::OnGain");
-  ALOGW("ProducerChannel::OnGain: buffer_id=%d", buffer_id());
+  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: buffer_id=%d", __FUNCTION__, buffer_id());
 
   ClearAvailable();
   post_fence_.close();