diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 8ac4ff8..25e6dc9 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -1696,6 +1696,12 @@
 
     RUN_SLOW_FUNCTION_WITH_CONSENT_CHECK(RunDumpsysHigh);
 
+    // The dump mechanism in connectivity is refactored due to modularization work. Connectivity can
+    // only register with a default priority(NORMAL priority). Dumpstate has to call connectivity
+    // dump with priority parameters to dump high priority information.
+    RunDumpsys("SERVICE HIGH connectivity", {"connectivity", "--dump-priority", "HIGH"},
+                   CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).Build());
+
     RunCommand("SYSTEM PROPERTIES", {"getprop"});
 
     RunCommand("STORAGED IO INFO", {"storaged", "-u", "-p"});
diff --git a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
index 18b77e6..ef7fd44 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
@@ -366,45 +366,19 @@
 
 pid_t IPCThreadState::getCallingPid() const
 {
-    checkContextIsBinderForUse(__func__);
     return mCallingPid;
 }
 
 const char* IPCThreadState::getCallingSid() const
 {
-    checkContextIsBinderForUse(__func__);
     return mCallingSid;
 }
 
 uid_t IPCThreadState::getCallingUid() const
 {
-    checkContextIsBinderForUse(__func__);
     return mCallingUid;
 }
 
-IPCThreadState::SpGuard* IPCThreadState::pushGetCallingSpGuard(SpGuard* guard) {
-    SpGuard* orig = mServingStackPointerGuard;
-    mServingStackPointerGuard = guard;
-    return orig;
-}
-
-void IPCThreadState::restoreGetCallingSpGuard(SpGuard* guard) {
-    mServingStackPointerGuard = guard;
-}
-
-void IPCThreadState::checkContextIsBinderForUse(const char* use) const {
-    if (mServingStackPointerGuard == nullptr) return;
-
-    if (!mServingStackPointer || mServingStackPointerGuard < mServingStackPointer) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("In context %s, %s does not make sense.",
-                         mServingStackPointerGuard->context, use);
-    }
-
-    // in the case mServingStackPointer is deeper in the stack than the guard,
-    // we must be serving a binder transaction (maybe nested). This is a binder
-    // context, so we don't abort
-}
-
 int64_t IPCThreadState::clearCallingIdentity()
 {
     // ignore mCallingSid for legacy reasons
@@ -873,15 +847,15 @@
 }
 
 IPCThreadState::IPCThreadState()
-      : mProcess(ProcessState::self()),
-        mServingStackPointer(nullptr),
-        mServingStackPointerGuard(nullptr),
-        mWorkSource(kUnsetWorkSource),
-        mPropagateWorkSource(false),
-        mIsLooper(false),
-        mStrictModePolicy(0),
-        mLastTransactionBinderFlags(0),
-        mCallRestriction(mProcess->mCallRestriction) {
+    : mProcess(ProcessState::self()),
+      mServingStackPointer(nullptr),
+      mWorkSource(kUnsetWorkSource),
+      mPropagateWorkSource(false),
+      mIsLooper(false),
+      mStrictModePolicy(0),
+      mLastTransactionBinderFlags(0),
+      mCallRestriction(mProcess->mCallRestriction)
+{
     pthread_setspecific(gTLS, this);
     clearCaller();
     mIn.setDataCapacity(256);
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
index e5a6026..2ba9fa2 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcState.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "RpcState.h"
 
-#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
 #include <binder/BpBinder.h>
-#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/RpcServer.h>
 
 #include "Debug.h"
@@ -30,8 +28,6 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-using base::ScopeGuard;
-
 RpcState::RpcState() {}
 RpcState::~RpcState() {}
 
@@ -474,18 +470,6 @@
 
 status_t RpcState::processServerCommand(const base::unique_fd& fd, const sp<RpcSession>& session,
                                         const RpcWireHeader& command) {
-    IPCThreadState* kernelBinderState = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
-    IPCThreadState::SpGuard spGuard{"processing binder RPC command"};
-    IPCThreadState::SpGuard* origGuard;
-    if (kernelBinderState != nullptr) {
-        origGuard = kernelBinderState->pushGetCallingSpGuard(&spGuard);
-    }
-    ScopeGuard guardUnguard = [&]() {
-        if (kernelBinderState != nullptr) {
-            kernelBinderState->restoreGetCallingSpGuard(origGuard);
-        }
-    };
-
     switch (command.command) {
         case RPC_COMMAND_TRANSACT:
             return processTransact(fd, session, command);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
index 5220b62..23a0cb0 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
@@ -81,32 +81,6 @@
              */
             uid_t               getCallingUid() const;
 
-            /**
-             * Make it an abort to rely on getCalling* for a section of
-             * execution.
-             *
-             * Usage:
-             *     IPCThreadState::SpGuard guard { "..." };
-             *     auto* orig = pushGetCallingSpGuard(&guard);
-             *     {
-             *         // will abort if you call getCalling*, unless you are
-             *         // serving a nested binder transaction
-             *     }
-             *     restoreCallingSpGuard(orig);
-             */
-            struct SpGuard {
-                const char* context;
-            };
-            SpGuard* pushGetCallingSpGuard(SpGuard* guard);
-            void restoreGetCallingSpGuard(SpGuard* guard);
-            /**
-             * Used internally by getCalling*. Can also be used to assert that
-             * you are in a binder context (getCalling* is valid). This is
-             * intentionally not exposed as a boolean API since code should be
-             * written to know its environment.
-             */
-            void checkContextIsBinderForUse(const char* use) const;
-
             void                setStrictModePolicy(int32_t policy);
             int32_t             getStrictModePolicy() const;
 
@@ -229,7 +203,6 @@
             Parcel              mOut;
             status_t            mLastError;
             const void*         mServingStackPointer;
-            SpGuard* mServingStackPointerGuard;
             pid_t               mCallingPid;
             const char*         mCallingSid;
             uid_t               mCallingUid;
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
index 9e2050b..78f2d3a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
@@ -150,6 +150,11 @@
 /**
  * This is called whenever a transaction needs to be processed by a local implementation.
  *
+ * This method will be called after the equivalent of
+ * android.os.Parcel#enforceInterface is called. That is, the interface
+ * descriptor associated with the AIBinder_Class descriptor will already be
+ * checked.
+ *
  * \param binder the object being transacted on.
  * \param code implementation-specific code representing which transaction should be taken.
  * \param in the implementation-specific input data to this transaction.
@@ -452,12 +457,14 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * Creates a parcel to start filling out for a transaction. This may add data to the parcel for
- * security, debugging, or other purposes. This parcel is to be sent via AIBinder_transact and it
- * represents the input data to the transaction. It is recommended to check if the object is local
- * and call directly into its user data before calling this as the parceling and unparceling cost
- * can be avoided. This AIBinder must be either built with a class or associated with a class before
- * using this API.
+ * Creates a parcel to start filling out for a transaction. This will add a header to the
+ * transaction that corresponds to android.os.Parcel#writeInterfaceToken. This may add debugging
+ * or other information to the transaction for platform use or to enable other features to work. The
+ * contents of this header is a platform implementation detail, and it is required to use
+ * libbinder_ndk. This parcel is to be sent via AIBinder_transact and it represents the input data
+ * to the transaction. It is recommended to check if the object is local and call directly into its
+ * user data before calling this as the parceling and unparceling cost can be avoided. This AIBinder
+ * must be either built with a class or associated with a class before using this API.
  *
  * This does not affect the ownership of binder. When this function succeeds, the in parcel's
  * ownership is passed to the caller. At this point, the parcel can be filled out and passed to
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl b/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl
index 41daccc..ef4198d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/IBinderRpcTest.aidl
@@ -55,6 +55,4 @@
     oneway void sleepMsAsync(int ms);
 
     void die(boolean cleanup);
-
-    void useKernelBinderCallingId();
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
index 45b2776..0c3fbcd 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
     BINDER_LIB_TEST_REGISTER_SERVER,
     BINDER_LIB_TEST_ADD_SERVER,
     BINDER_LIB_TEST_ADD_POLL_SERVER,
-    BINDER_LIB_TEST_USE_CALLING_GUARD_TRANSACTION,
     BINDER_LIB_TEST_CALL_BACK,
     BINDER_LIB_TEST_CALL_BACK_VERIFY_BUF,
     BINDER_LIB_TEST_DELAYED_CALL_BACK,
@@ -605,24 +604,6 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(callBack->getResult(), StatusEq(NO_ERROR));
 }
 
-TEST_F(BinderLibTest, NoBinderCallContextGuard) {
-    IPCThreadState::SpGuard spGuard{"NoBinderCallContext"};
-    IPCThreadState::SpGuard *origGuard = IPCThreadState::self()->pushGetCallingSpGuard(&spGuard);
-
-    // yes, this test uses threads, but it's careful and uses fork in addServer
-    EXPECT_DEATH({ IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid(); },
-                 "In context NoBinderCallContext, getCallingPid does not make sense.");
-
-    IPCThreadState::self()->restoreGetCallingSpGuard(origGuard);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BinderLibTest, BinderCallContextGuard) {
-    sp<IBinder> binder = addServer();
-    Parcel data, reply;
-    EXPECT_THAT(binder->transact(BINDER_LIB_TEST_USE_CALLING_GUARD_TRANSACTION, data, &reply),
-                StatusEq(DEAD_OBJECT));
-}
-
 TEST_F(BinderLibTest, AddServer)
 {
     sp<IBinder> server = addServer();
@@ -1281,18 +1262,6 @@
                 pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_serverWaitMutex);
                 return ret;
             }
-            case BINDER_LIB_TEST_USE_CALLING_GUARD_TRANSACTION: {
-                IPCThreadState::SpGuard spGuard{"GuardInBinderTransaction"};
-                IPCThreadState::SpGuard *origGuard =
-                        IPCThreadState::self()->pushGetCallingSpGuard(&spGuard);
-
-                // if the guard works, this should abort
-                (void)IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
-
-                IPCThreadState::self()->restoreGetCallingSpGuard(origGuard);
-                return NO_ERROR;
-            }
-
             case BINDER_LIB_TEST_GETPID:
                 reply->writeInt32(getpid());
                 return NO_ERROR;
@@ -1520,11 +1489,6 @@
 {
     binderLibTestServiceName += String16(binderserversuffix);
 
-    // Testing to make sure that calls that we are serving can use getCallin*
-    // even though we don't here.
-    IPCThreadState::SpGuard spGuard{"main server thread"};
-    (void)IPCThreadState::self()->pushGetCallingSpGuard(&spGuard);
-
     status_t ret;
     sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
     BinderLibTestService* testServicePtr;
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
index 3f94df2..a96deb5 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include <android/binder_libbinder.h>
 #include <binder/Binder.h>
 #include <binder/BpBinder.h>
-#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <binder/RpcServer.h>
@@ -192,13 +191,6 @@
             _exit(1);
         }
     }
-    Status useKernelBinderCallingId() override {
-        // this is WRONG! It does not make sense when using RPC binder, and
-        // because it is SO wrong, and so much code calls this, it should abort!
-
-        (void)IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
-        return Status::ok();
-    }
 };
 sp<IBinder> MyBinderRpcTest::mHeldBinder;
 
@@ -895,19 +887,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(BinderRpc, UseKernelBinderCallingId) {
-    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess(1);
-
-    // we can't allocate IPCThreadState so actually the first time should
-    // succeed :(
-    EXPECT_OK(proc.rootIface->useKernelBinderCallingId());
-
-    // second time! we catch the error :)
-    EXPECT_EQ(DEAD_OBJECT, proc.rootIface->useKernelBinderCallingId().transactionError());
-
-    proc.expectInvalid = true;
-}
-
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, WorksWithLibbinderNdkPing) {
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess(1);
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
index 08800f7..a2868c6 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
@@ -317,6 +317,11 @@
     std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
     BQA_LOGV("releaseBufferCallback graphicBufferId=%" PRIu64, graphicBufferId);
 
+    if (mSurfaceControl != nullptr) {
+        mTransformHint = mSurfaceControl->getTransformHint();
+        mBufferItemConsumer->setTransformHint(mTransformHint);
+    }
+
     auto it = mSubmitted.find(graphicBufferId);
     if (it == mSubmitted.end()) {
         BQA_LOGE("ERROR: releaseBufferCallback without corresponding submitted buffer %" PRIu64,
@@ -596,6 +601,14 @@
     status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) override {
         return mBbq->setFrameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo);
     }
+ protected:
+    uint32_t getTransformHint() const override {
+        if (mStickyTransform == 0 && !transformToDisplayInverse()) {
+            return mBbq->getLastTransformHint();
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 // TODO: Can we coalesce this with frame updates? Need to confirm
@@ -765,4 +778,12 @@
     return convertedFormat;
 }
 
+uint32_t BLASTBufferQueue::getLastTransformHint() const {
+    if (mSurfaceControl != nullptr) {
+        return mSurfaceControl->getTransformHint();
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
index 89e80c1..d27d1ec 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
@@ -1288,7 +1288,7 @@
                         mUserHeight ? mUserHeight : mDefaultHeight);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             case NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT:
-                *value = static_cast<int>(mTransformHint);
+                *value = static_cast<int>(getTransformHint());
                 return NO_ERROR;
             case NATIVE_WINDOW_CONSUMER_RUNNING_BEHIND: {
                 status_t err = NO_ERROR;
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@
     return getExtraBufferCount(extraBuffers);
 }
 
-bool Surface::transformToDisplayInverse() {
+bool Surface::transformToDisplayInverse() const {
     return (mTransform & NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_INVERSE_DISPLAY) ==
             NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_INVERSE_DISPLAY;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp
index 37750fa..d7c07b9 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceControl.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
     mWidth = width; mHeight = height;
     if (mBbq) {
-      mBbq->update(this, width, height, mFormat);
+        mBbq->update(mBbqChild, width, height, mFormat);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
index 139dbb7..c4ca399 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@
 
     void setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& stream);
 
+    uint32_t getLastTransformHint() const;
+
     virtual ~BLASTBufferQueue();
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
index 250e13f..48885eb 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
@@ -279,7 +279,6 @@
     int dispatchGetLastQueuedBuffer2(va_list args);
     int dispatchSetFrameTimelineInfo(va_list args);
     int dispatchGetExtraBufferCount(va_list args);
-    bool transformToDisplayInverse();
 
 protected:
     virtual int dequeueBuffer(ANativeWindowBuffer** buffer, int* fenceFd);
@@ -491,6 +490,8 @@
     // mTransformHint is the transform probably applied to buffers of this
     // window. this is only a hint, actual transform may differ.
     uint32_t mTransformHint;
+    virtual uint32_t getTransformHint() const { return mTransformHint; }
+    bool transformToDisplayInverse() const;
 
     // mProducerControlledByApp whether this buffer producer is controlled
     // by the application
diff --git a/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp b/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
index 8546bbb..9947720 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
@@ -57,11 +57,12 @@
             info.frameLeft == frameLeft && info.frameTop == frameTop &&
             info.frameRight == frameRight && info.frameBottom == frameBottom &&
             info.surfaceInset == surfaceInset && info.globalScaleFactor == globalScaleFactor &&
-            info.transform == transform && info.touchableRegion.hasSameRects(touchableRegion) &&
-            info.visible == visible && info.trustedOverlay == trustedOverlay &&
-            info.focusable == focusable && info.touchOcclusionMode == touchOcclusionMode &&
-            info.hasWallpaper == hasWallpaper && info.paused == paused &&
-            info.ownerPid == ownerPid && info.ownerUid == ownerUid &&
+            info.transform == transform && info.displayWidth == displayWidth &&
+            info.displayHeight == displayHeight &&
+            info.touchableRegion.hasSameRects(touchableRegion) && info.visible == visible &&
+            info.trustedOverlay == trustedOverlay && info.focusable == focusable &&
+            info.touchOcclusionMode == touchOcclusionMode && info.hasWallpaper == hasWallpaper &&
+            info.paused == paused && info.ownerPid == ownerPid && info.ownerUid == ownerUid &&
             info.packageName == packageName && info.inputFeatures == inputFeatures &&
             info.displayId == displayId && info.portalToDisplayId == portalToDisplayId &&
             info.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop == replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop &&
@@ -99,6 +100,8 @@
         parcel->writeFloat(transform.dtdy()) ?:
         parcel->writeFloat(transform.dsdy()) ?:
         parcel->writeFloat(transform.ty()) ?:
+        parcel->writeInt32(displayWidth) ?:
+        parcel->writeInt32(displayHeight) ?:
         parcel->writeBool(visible) ?:
         parcel->writeBool(focusable) ?:
         parcel->writeBool(hasWallpaper) ?:
@@ -153,6 +156,8 @@
         parcel->readFloat(&dtdy) ?:
         parcel->readFloat(&dsdy) ?:
         parcel->readFloat(&ty) ?:
+        parcel->readInt32(&displayWidth) ?:
+        parcel->readInt32(&displayHeight) ?:
         parcel->readBool(&visible) ?:
         parcel->readBool(&focusable) ?:
         parcel->readBool(&hasWallpaper) ?:
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp
index c18a17f..493f2f4 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputWindow_test.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@
     i.globalScaleFactor = 0.3;
     i.alpha = 0.7;
     i.transform.set({0.4, -1, 100, 0.5, 0, 40, 0, 0, 1});
+    i.displayWidth = 1000;
+    i.displayHeight = 2000;
     i.visible = false;
     i.focusable = false;
     i.hasWallpaper = false;
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(i.globalScaleFactor, i2.globalScaleFactor);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.alpha, i2.alpha);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.transform, i2.transform);
+    ASSERT_EQ(i.displayWidth, i2.displayWidth);
+    ASSERT_EQ(i.displayHeight, i2.displayHeight);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.visible, i2.visible);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.focusable, i2.focusable);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.hasWallpaper, i2.hasWallpaper);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/LayerSettings.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/LayerSettings.h
index bfb7465..63ed1ba 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/LayerSettings.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/LayerSettings.h
@@ -194,18 +194,6 @@
             lhs.length == rhs.length && lhs.casterIsTranslucent == rhs.casterIsTranslucent;
 }
 
-static inline bool operator==(const BlurRegion& lhs, const BlurRegion& rhs) {
-    return lhs.alpha == rhs.alpha && lhs.cornerRadiusTL == rhs.cornerRadiusTL &&
-            lhs.cornerRadiusTR == rhs.cornerRadiusTR && lhs.cornerRadiusBL == rhs.cornerRadiusBL &&
-            lhs.cornerRadiusBR == rhs.cornerRadiusBR && lhs.blurRadius == rhs.blurRadius &&
-            lhs.left == rhs.left && lhs.top == rhs.top && lhs.right == rhs.right &&
-            lhs.bottom == rhs.bottom;
-}
-
-static inline bool operator!=(const BlurRegion& lhs, const BlurRegion& rhs) {
-    return !(lhs == rhs);
-}
-
 static inline bool operator==(const LayerSettings& lhs, const LayerSettings& rhs) {
     if (lhs.blurRegions.size() != rhs.blurRegions.size()) {
         return false;
@@ -288,7 +276,7 @@
 }
 
 static inline void PrintTo(const LayerSettings& settings, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    *os << "LayerSettings {";
+    *os << "LayerSettings for '" << settings.name.c_str() << "' {";
     *os << "\n    .geometry = ";
     PrintTo(settings.geometry, os);
     *os << "\n    .source = ";
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
index 0eee564..77e01f4 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@
                                      0.f,  0.7f, 0.f, 0.f,
                                      0.f,   0.f, 1.f, 0.f,
                                    67.3f, 52.2f, 0.f, 1.f);
-const auto kScaleYOnly = mat4(1.f,   0.f, 0.f, 0.f,
-                              0.f,  0.7f, 0.f, 0.f,
-                              0.f,   0.f, 1.f, 0.f,
-                              0.f,   0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
 // clang-format on
 // When setting layer.sourceDataspace, whether it matches the destination or not determines whether
 // a color correction effect is added to the shader.
@@ -188,33 +184,51 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void drawTextureScaleLayers(SkiaRenderEngine* renderengine, const DisplaySettings& display,
-                                   const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& dstTexture,
-                                   const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& srcTexture) {
+// The unique feature of these layers is that the boundary is slightly smaller than the rounded
+// rect crop, so the rounded edges intersect that boundary and require a different clipping method.
+static void drawClippedLayers(SkiaRenderEngine* renderengine, const DisplaySettings& display,
+                              const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& dstTexture,
+                              const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& srcTexture) {
     const Rect& displayRect = display.physicalDisplay;
-    FloatRect rect(0, 0, displayRect.width(), displayRect.height());
+    FloatRect rect(0, 0, displayRect.width(), displayRect.height() - 20); // boundary is smaller
+
+    // clang-format off
+    const auto symmetric = mat4(0.9f, 0.f,  0.f, 0.f,
+                                0.f,  0.9f, 0.f, 0.f,
+                                0.f,  0.f,  1.f, 0.f,
+                                8.8f, 8.1f, 0.f, 1.f);
+    const auto asymmetric = mat4(0.9f, 0.f,  0.f, 0.f,
+                                 0.f,  0.7f, 0.f, 0.f,
+                                 0.f,  0.f,  1.f, 0.f,
+                                 8.8f, 8.1f, 0.f, 1.f);
+
+    // clang-format on
     LayerSettings layer{
             .geometry =
                     Geometry{
                             .boundaries = rect,
-                            .roundedCornersCrop = rect,
-                            .positionTransform = kScaleAndTranslate,
-                            .roundedCornersRadius = 300,
+                            .roundedCornersRadius = 27, // larger than the 20 above.
+                            .roundedCornersCrop =
+                                    FloatRect(0, 0, displayRect.width(), displayRect.height()),
                     },
             .source = PixelSource{.buffer =
                                           Buffer{
                                                   .buffer = srcTexture,
+                                                  .isOpaque = 0,
                                                   .maxLuminanceNits = 1000.f,
-                                                  .textureTransform = kScaleYOnly,
                                           }},
             .sourceDataspace = kOtherDataSpace,
     };
 
     auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
-    for (float alpha : {0.5f, 1.f}) {
-        layer.alpha = alpha,
-        renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                                 base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+    for (auto transform : {symmetric, asymmetric}) {
+        layer.geometry.positionTransform = transform;
+        // In real use, I saw alpha of 1.0 and 0.999, probably a mistake, but cache both shaders.
+        for (float alpha : {0.5f, 1.f}) {
+            layer.alpha = alpha,
+            renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
+                                     base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -293,7 +307,7 @@
         drawImageLayers(renderengine, display, dstTexture, externalTexture);
 
         // Draw layers for b/185569240.
-        drawTextureScaleLayers(renderengine, display, dstTexture, externalTexture);
+        drawClippedLayers(renderengine, display, dstTexture, externalTexture);
 
         const nsecs_t timeAfter = systemTime();
         const float compileTimeMs = static_cast<float>(timeAfter - timeBefore) / 1.0E6;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index 05bbc12..6cc3d37 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -902,7 +902,16 @@
         if (layer->shadow.length > 0) {
             // This would require a new parameter/flag to SkShadowUtils::DrawShadow
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(layer->disableBlending, "Cannot disableBlending with a shadow");
-            drawShadow(canvas, bounds, layer->shadow);
+
+            // Technically, if bounds is a rect and roundRectClip is not empty,
+            // it means that the bounds and roundedCornersCrop were different
+            // enough that we should intersect them to find the proper shadow.
+            // In practice, this often happens when the two rectangles appear to
+            // not match due to rounding errors. Draw the rounded version, which
+            // looks more like the intent.
+            const auto& rrect =
+                    bounds.isRect() && !roundRectClip.isEmpty() ? roundRectClip : bounds;
+            drawShadow(canvas, rrect, layer->shadow);
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -1092,8 +1101,8 @@
 
     SkRRect clip;
     if (cornerRadius > 0) {
-        // it the crop and the bounds are equivalent then we don't need a clip
-        if (bounds == crop) {
+        // it the crop and the bounds are equivalent or there is no crop then we don't need a clip
+        if (bounds == crop || crop.isEmpty()) {
             return {SkRRect::MakeRectXY(bounds, cornerRadius, cornerRadius), clip};
         }
 
@@ -1107,34 +1116,47 @@
 
             const auto insetCrop = crop.makeInset(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
 
+            const bool leftEqual = bounds.fLeft == crop.fLeft;
+            const bool topEqual = bounds.fTop == crop.fTop;
+            const bool rightEqual = bounds.fRight == crop.fRight;
+            const bool bottomEqual = bounds.fBottom == crop.fBottom;
+
             // compute the UpperLeft corner radius
-            if (bounds.fLeft == crop.fLeft && bounds.fTop == crop.fTop) {
+            if (leftEqual && topEqual) {
                 radii[0].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if (bounds.fLeft > insetCrop.fLeft && bounds.fTop > insetCrop.fTop) {
+            } else if ((leftEqual && bounds.fTop >= insetCrop.fTop) ||
+                       (topEqual && bounds.fLeft >= insetCrop.fLeft) ||
+                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fLeft, bounds.fTop)) {
                 radii[0].set(0, 0);
             } else {
                 intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
             }
             // compute the UpperRight corner radius
-            if (bounds.fRight == crop.fRight && bounds.fTop == crop.fTop) {
+            if (rightEqual && topEqual) {
                 radii[1].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if (bounds.fRight < insetCrop.fRight && bounds.fTop > insetCrop.fTop) {
+            } else if ((rightEqual && bounds.fTop >= insetCrop.fTop) ||
+                       (topEqual && bounds.fRight <= insetCrop.fRight) ||
+                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fRight, bounds.fTop)) {
                 radii[1].set(0, 0);
             } else {
                 intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
             }
             // compute the BottomRight corner radius
-            if (bounds.fRight == crop.fRight && bounds.fBottom == crop.fBottom) {
+            if (rightEqual && bottomEqual) {
                 radii[2].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if (bounds.fRight < insetCrop.fRight && bounds.fBottom < insetCrop.fBottom) {
+            } else if ((rightEqual && bounds.fBottom <= insetCrop.fBottom) ||
+                       (bottomEqual && bounds.fRight <= insetCrop.fRight) ||
+                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fRight, bounds.fBottom)) {
                 radii[2].set(0, 0);
             } else {
                 intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
             }
             // compute the BottomLeft corner radius
-            if (bounds.fLeft == crop.fLeft && bounds.fBottom == crop.fBottom) {
+            if (leftEqual && bottomEqual) {
                 radii[3].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if (bounds.fLeft > insetCrop.fLeft && bounds.fBottom < insetCrop.fBottom) {
+            } else if ((leftEqual && bounds.fBottom <= insetCrop.fBottom) ||
+                       (bottomEqual && bounds.fLeft >= insetCrop.fLeft) ||
+                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fLeft, bounds.fBottom)) {
                 radii[3].set(0, 0);
             } else {
                 intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h
index 9e989ea..14a3b61 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h
@@ -90,10 +90,8 @@
 // matrix transforming from linear XYZ to linear RGB immediately before OETF.
 // We also provide additional HDR metadata upon creating the shader:
 // * The max display luminance is the max luminance of the physical display in nits
-// * The max mastering luminance is provided as the max luminance from the SMPTE 2086
-// standard.
-// * The max content luminance is provided as the max light level from the CTA 861.3
-// standard.
+// * The max luminance is provided as the max luminance for the buffer, either from the SMPTE 2086
+// or as the max light level from the CTA 861.3 standard.
 sk_sp<SkShader> createLinearEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> inputShader,
                                          const LinearEffect& linearEffect,
                                          sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> runtimeEffect,
diff --git a/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp b/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
index 636fbde..9dc9beb 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 using android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::BufferDescriptor;
 using android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::Error;
 using android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper;
+using AidlDataspace = ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace;
 using BufferDump = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper::BufferDump;
 using MetadataDump = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper::MetadataDump;
 using MetadataType = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper::MetadataType;
@@ -597,7 +598,7 @@
     if (!outDataspace) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace dataspace;
+    AidlDataspace dataspace;
     status_t error = get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Dataspace, gralloc4::decodeDataspace,
                          &dataspace);
     if (error) {
@@ -841,6 +842,7 @@
     uint32_t pixelFormatFourCC;
     uint64_t pixelFormatModifier;
     uint64_t usage;
+    AidlDataspace dataspace;
     uint64_t allocationSize;
     uint64_t protectedContent;
     ExtendableType compression;
@@ -892,6 +894,11 @@
     if (error != NO_ERROR) {
         return error;
     }
+    error = metadataDumpHelper(bufferDump, StandardMetadataType::DATASPACE,
+                               gralloc4::decodeDataspace, &dataspace);
+    if (error != NO_ERROR) {
+        return error;
+    }
     error = metadataDumpHelper(bufferDump, StandardMetadataType::ALLOCATION_SIZE,
                                gralloc4::decodeAllocationSize, &allocationSize);
     if (error != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -932,6 +939,7 @@
              << "KiB, w/h:" << width << "x" << height << ", usage: 0x" << std::hex << usage
              << std::dec << ", req fmt:" << static_cast<int32_t>(pixelFormatRequested)
              << ", fourcc/mod:" << pixelFormatFourCC << "/" << pixelFormatModifier
+             << ", dataspace: 0x" << std::hex << static_cast<uint32_t>(dataspace)
              << ", compressed: ";
 
     if (less) {
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/BlurRegion.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/BlurRegion.h
index 69a586e..a9ca369 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/BlurRegion.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/BlurRegion.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <iosfwd>
 #include <iostream>
 
+#include <math/HashCombine.h>
+
 namespace android {
 
 struct BlurRegion {
@@ -33,6 +35,16 @@
     int top;
     int right;
     int bottom;
+
+    inline bool operator==(const BlurRegion& other) const {
+        return blurRadius == other.blurRadius && cornerRadiusTL == other.cornerRadiusTL &&
+                cornerRadiusTR == other.cornerRadiusTR && cornerRadiusBL == other.cornerRadiusBL &&
+                cornerRadiusBR == other.cornerRadiusBR && alpha == other.alpha &&
+                left == other.left && top == other.top && right == other.right &&
+                bottom == other.bottom;
+    }
+
+    inline bool operator!=(const BlurRegion& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
 };
 
 static inline void PrintTo(const BlurRegion& blurRegion, ::std::ostream* os) {
@@ -50,4 +62,15 @@
     *os << "\n}";
 }
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
+
+namespace std {
+template <>
+struct hash<android::BlurRegion> {
+    size_t operator()(const android::BlurRegion& region) const {
+        return android::hashCombine(region.blurRadius, region.cornerRadiusTL, region.cornerRadiusTR,
+                                    region.cornerRadiusBL, region.cornerRadiusBR, region.alpha,
+                                    region.left, region.top, region.right, region.bottom);
+    }
+};
+} // namespace std
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index 6ed9593..881024f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
 volatile int32_t DispatchEntry::sNextSeqAtomic;
 
 DispatchEntry::DispatchEntry(std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry, int32_t targetFlags,
-                             ui::Transform transform, float globalScaleFactor, vec2 displaySize)
+                             ui::Transform transform, float globalScaleFactor, int2 displaySize)
       : seq(nextSeq()),
         eventEntry(std::move(eventEntry)),
         targetFlags(targetFlags),
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index 45c5e24..b5d3571 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
     int32_t targetFlags;
     ui::Transform transform;
     float globalScaleFactor;
-    vec2 displaySize;
+    int2 displaySize;
     // Both deliveryTime and timeoutTime are only populated when the entry is sent to the app,
     // and will be undefined before that.
     nsecs_t deliveryTime; // time when the event was actually delivered
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
     int32_t resolvedFlags;
 
     DispatchEntry(std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry, int32_t targetFlags,
-                  ui::Transform transform, float globalScaleFactor, vec2 displaySize);
+                  ui::Transform transform, float globalScaleFactor, int2 displaySize);
 
     inline bool hasForegroundTarget() const { return targetFlags & InputTarget::FLAG_FOREGROUND; }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 8bc877f..485a53a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -2385,7 +2385,7 @@
         inputTarget.flags = targetFlags;
         inputTarget.globalScaleFactor = windowInfo->globalScaleFactor;
         inputTarget.displaySize =
-                vec2(windowHandle->getInfo()->displayWidth, windowHandle->getInfo()->displayHeight);
+                int2(windowHandle->getInfo()->displayWidth, windowHandle->getInfo()->displayHeight);
         inputTargets.push_back(inputTarget);
         it = inputTargets.end() - 1;
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
index 2543852..1c4980b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
     float globalScaleFactor = 1.0f;
 
     // Display-size in its natural rotation. Used for compatibility transform of raw coordinates.
-    vec2 displaySize = {AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE};
+    int2 displaySize = {AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE};
 
     // The subset of pointer ids to include in motion events dispatched to this input target
     // if FLAG_SPLIT is set.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index fcf8299..54daa10 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -682,7 +682,10 @@
 }
 
 bool BufferStateLayer::latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) {
-    if (mSidebandStreamChanged.exchange(false)) {
+    // We need to update the sideband stream if the layer has both a buffer and a sideband stream.
+    const bool updateSidebandStream = hasFrameUpdate() && mSidebandStream.get();
+
+    if (mSidebandStreamChanged.exchange(false) || updateSidebandStream) {
         const State& s(getDrawingState());
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was true
         mSidebandStream = s.sidebandStream;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
index 06f26eb..dc6eab4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@
     // CachedSet and punching a hole.
     bool requiresHolePunch() const;
 
+    // True if any constituent layer is configured to blur any layers behind.
+    bool hasBlurBehind() const;
+
     // Add a layer that will be drawn behind this one. ::render() will render a
     // hole in this CachedSet's buffer, allowing the supplied layer to peek
     // through. Must be called before ::render().
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
index 864251f..213c55e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h>
 
+#include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -60,6 +61,73 @@
     bool mergeWithCachedSets(const std::vector<const LayerState*>& layers,
                              std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now);
 
+    // A Run is a sequence of CachedSets, which is a candidate for flattening into a single
+    // CachedSet. Because it is wasteful to flatten 1 CachedSet, a Run must contain more than 1
+    // CachedSet
+    class Run {
+    public:
+        // A builder for a Run, to aid in construction
+        class Builder {
+        private:
+            std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator mStart;
+            std::vector<size_t> mLengths;
+            const CachedSet* mHolePunchCandidate = nullptr;
+
+        public:
+            // Initializes a Builder a CachedSet to start from.
+            // This start iterator must be an iterator for mLayers
+            void init(const std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator& start) {
+                mStart = start;
+                mLengths.push_back(start->getLayerCount());
+            }
+
+            // Appends a new CachedSet to the end of the run
+            // The provided length must be the size of the next sequential CachedSet in layers
+            void append(size_t length) { mLengths.push_back(length); }
+
+            // Sets the hole punch candidate for the Run.
+            void setHolePunchCandidate(const CachedSet* holePunchCandidate) {
+                mHolePunchCandidate = holePunchCandidate;
+            }
+
+            // Builds a Run instance, if a valid Run may be built.
+            std::optional<Run> validateAndBuild() {
+                if (mLengths.size() <= 1) {
+                    return std::nullopt;
+                }
+
+                return Run(mStart,
+                           std::reduce(mLengths.cbegin(), mLengths.cend(), 0u,
+                                       [](size_t left, size_t right) { return left + right; }),
+                           mHolePunchCandidate);
+            }
+
+            void reset() { *this = {}; }
+        };
+
+        // Gets the starting CachedSet of this run.
+        // This is an iterator into mLayers
+        const std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator& getStart() const { return mStart; }
+        // Gets the total number of layers encompassing this Run.
+        size_t getLayerLength() const { return mLength; }
+        // Gets the hole punch candidate for this Run.
+        const CachedSet* getHolePunchCandidate() const { return mHolePunchCandidate; }
+
+    private:
+        Run(std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator start, size_t length,
+            const CachedSet* holePunchCandidate)
+              : mStart(start), mLength(length), mHolePunchCandidate(holePunchCandidate) {}
+        const std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator mStart;
+        const size_t mLength;
+        const CachedSet* const mHolePunchCandidate;
+
+        friend class Builder;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<Run> findCandidateRuns(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now) const;
+
+    std::optional<Run> findBestRun(std::vector<Run>& runs) const;
+
     void buildCachedSets(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now);
 
     const bool mEnableHolePunch;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h
index 3391273..fef0dfb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
+#include "math/HashCombine.h"
 
 namespace std {
 template <typename T>
@@ -48,24 +49,26 @@
 
 // clang-format off
 enum class LayerStateField : uint32_t {
-    None            = 0u,
-    Id              = 1u << 0,
-    Name            = 1u << 1,
-    DisplayFrame    = 1u << 2,
-    SourceCrop      = 1u << 3,
-    BufferTransform = 1u << 4,
-    BlendMode       = 1u << 5,
-    Alpha           = 1u << 6,
-    LayerMetadata   = 1u << 7,
-    VisibleRegion   = 1u << 8,
-    Dataspace       = 1u << 9,
-    PixelFormat     = 1u << 10,
-    ColorTransform  = 1u << 11,
-    SurfaceDamage   = 1u << 12,
-    CompositionType = 1u << 13,
-    SidebandStream  = 1u << 14,
-    Buffer          = 1u << 15,
-    SolidColor      = 1u << 16,
+    None                  = 0u,
+    Id                    = 1u << 0,
+    Name                  = 1u << 1,
+    DisplayFrame          = 1u << 2,
+    SourceCrop            = 1u << 3,
+    BufferTransform       = 1u << 4,
+    BlendMode             = 1u << 5,
+    Alpha                 = 1u << 6,
+    LayerMetadata         = 1u << 7,
+    VisibleRegion         = 1u << 8,
+    Dataspace             = 1u << 9,
+    PixelFormat           = 1u << 10,
+    ColorTransform        = 1u << 11,
+    SurfaceDamage         = 1u << 12,
+    CompositionType       = 1u << 13,
+    SidebandStream        = 1u << 14,
+    Buffer                = 1u << 15,
+    SolidColor            = 1u << 16,
+    BackgroundBlurRadius  = 1u << 17,
+    BlurRegions           = 1u << 18,
 };
 // clang-format on
 
@@ -225,6 +228,9 @@
     const std::string& getName() const { return mName.get(); }
     Rect getDisplayFrame() const { return mDisplayFrame.get(); }
     const Region& getVisibleRegion() const { return mVisibleRegion.get(); }
+    bool hasBlurBehind() const {
+        return mBackgroundBlurRadius.get() > 0 || !mBlurRegions.get().empty();
+    }
     hardware::graphics::composer::hal::Composition getCompositionType() const {
         return mCompositionType.get();
     }
@@ -398,7 +404,45 @@
                             return std::vector<std::string>{stream.str()};
                         }};
 
-    static const constexpr size_t kNumNonUniqueFields = 14;
+    OutputLayerState<int32_t, LayerStateField::BackgroundBlurRadius> mBackgroundBlurRadius{
+            [](auto layer) {
+                return layer->getLayerFE().getCompositionState()->backgroundBlurRadius;
+            }};
+
+    using BlurRegionsState =
+            OutputLayerState<std::vector<BlurRegion>, LayerStateField::BlurRegions>;
+    BlurRegionsState mBlurRegions{[](auto layer) {
+                                      return layer->getLayerFE().getCompositionState()->blurRegions;
+                                  },
+                                  [](const std::vector<BlurRegion>& regions) {
+                                      std::vector<std::string> result;
+                                      for (const auto region : regions) {
+                                          std::string str;
+                                          base::StringAppendF(&str,
+                                                              "{radius=%du, cornerRadii=[%f, %f, "
+                                                              "%f, %f], alpha=%f, rect=[%d, "
+                                                              "%d, %d, %d]",
+                                                              region.blurRadius,
+                                                              region.cornerRadiusTL,
+                                                              region.cornerRadiusTR,
+                                                              region.cornerRadiusBL,
+                                                              region.cornerRadiusBR, region.alpha,
+                                                              region.left, region.top, region.right,
+                                                              region.bottom);
+                                          result.push_back(str);
+                                      }
+                                      return result;
+                                  },
+                                  BlurRegionsState::getDefaultEquals(),
+                                  [](const std::vector<BlurRegion>& regions) {
+                                      size_t hash = 0;
+                                      for (const auto& region : regions) {
+                                          android::hashCombineSingle(hash, region);
+                                      }
+                                      return hash;
+                                  }};
+
+    static const constexpr size_t kNumNonUniqueFields = 16;
 
     std::array<StateInterface*, kNumNonUniqueFields> getNonUniqueFields() {
         std::array<const StateInterface*, kNumNonUniqueFields> constFields =
@@ -413,10 +457,10 @@
 
     std::array<const StateInterface*, kNumNonUniqueFields> getNonUniqueFields() const {
         return {
-                &mDisplayFrame, &mSourceCrop,     &mBufferTransform, &mBlendMode,
-                &mAlpha,        &mLayerMetadata,  &mVisibleRegion,   &mOutputDataspace,
-                &mPixelFormat,  &mColorTransform, &mCompositionType, &mSidebandStream,
-                &mBuffer,       &mSolidColor,
+                &mDisplayFrame, &mSourceCrop,     &mBufferTransform,      &mBlendMode,
+                &mAlpha,        &mLayerMetadata,  &mVisibleRegion,        &mOutputDataspace,
+                &mPixelFormat,  &mColorTransform, &mCompositionType,      &mSidebandStream,
+                &mBuffer,       &mSolidColor,     &mBackgroundBlurRadius, &mBlurRegions,
         };
     }
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
index 1ffb1c8..953eb76 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
@@ -192,16 +192,7 @@
     if (const auto halDisplayId = HalDisplayId::tryCast(mId);
         outputLayer && !mIsDisconnected && halDisplayId) {
         auto& hwc = getCompositionEngine().getHwComposer();
-        // Note: For the moment we ensure it is safe to take a reference to the
-        // HWComposer implementation by destroying all the OutputLayers (and
-        // hence the HWC2::Layers they own) before setting a new HWComposer. See
-        // for example SurfaceFlinger::updateVrFlinger().
-        // TODO(b/121291683): Make this safer.
-        auto hwcLayer =
-                std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer>(hwc.createLayer(*halDisplayId),
-                                             [&hwc, id = *halDisplayId](HWC2::Layer* layer) {
-                                                 hwc.destroyLayer(id, layer);
-                                             });
+        auto hwcLayer = hwc.createLayer(*halDisplayId);
         ALOGE_IF(!hwcLayer, "Failed to create a HWC layer for a HWC supported display %s",
                  getName().c_str());
         outputLayer->setHwcLayer(std::move(hwcLayer));
@@ -267,7 +258,7 @@
     auto& hwc = getCompositionEngine().getHwComposer();
     if (status_t result =
                 hwc.getDeviceCompositionChanges(*halDisplayId, anyLayersRequireClientComposition(),
-                                                &changes);
+                                                getState().earliestPresentTime, &changes);
         result != NO_ERROR) {
         ALOGE("chooseCompositionStrategy failed for %s: %d (%s)", getName().c_str(), result,
               strerror(-result));
@@ -367,13 +358,8 @@
         return fences;
     }
 
-    {
-        ATRACE_NAME("wait for earliest present time");
-        std::this_thread::sleep_until(getState().earliestPresentTime);
-    }
-
     auto& hwc = getCompositionEngine().getHwComposer();
-    hwc.presentAndGetReleaseFences(*halDisplayIdOpt);
+    hwc.presentAndGetReleaseFences(*halDisplayIdOpt, getState().earliestPresentTime);
 
     fences.presentFence = hwc.getPresentFence(*halDisplayIdOpt);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
index 67854cf..63085cc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
@@ -280,6 +280,11 @@
     return layerFE.hasRoundedCorners();
 }
 
+bool CachedSet::hasBlurBehind() const {
+    return std::any_of(mLayers.cbegin(), mLayers.cend(),
+                       [](const Layer& layer) { return layer.getState()->hasBlurBehind(); });
+}
+
 namespace {
 bool contains(const Rect& outer, const Rect& inner) {
     return outer.left <= inner.left && outer.right >= inner.right && outer.top <= inner.top &&
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
index 4453a99..294ec4b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
@@ -327,85 +327,94 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void Flattener::buildCachedSets(time_point now) {
-    struct Run {
-        Run(std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator start, size_t length)
-              : start(start), length(length) {}
-
-        std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator start;
-        size_t length;
-    };
-
-    if (mLayers.empty()) {
-        ALOGV("[%s] No layers found, returning", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
-
+std::vector<Flattener::Run> Flattener::findCandidateRuns(time_point now) const {
     std::vector<Run> runs;
     bool isPartOfRun = false;
-
-    // Keep track of the layer that follows a run. It's possible that we will
-    // render it with a hole-punch.
-    const CachedSet* holePunchLayer = nullptr;
+    Run::Builder builder;
+    bool firstLayer = true;
+    bool runHasFirstLayer = false;
 
     for (auto currentSet = mLayers.cbegin(); currentSet != mLayers.cend(); ++currentSet) {
-        if (now - currentSet->getLastUpdate() > kActiveLayerTimeout) {
-            // Layer is inactive
+        const bool layerIsInactive = now - currentSet->getLastUpdate() > kActiveLayerTimeout;
+        const bool layerHasBlur = currentSet->hasBlurBehind();
+        if (layerIsInactive && (firstLayer || runHasFirstLayer || !layerHasBlur)) {
             if (isPartOfRun) {
-                runs.back().length += currentSet->getLayerCount();
+                builder.append(currentSet->getLayerCount());
             } else {
                 // Runs can't start with a non-buffer layer
                 if (currentSet->getFirstLayer().getBuffer() == nullptr) {
                     ALOGV("[%s] Skipping initial non-buffer layer", __func__);
                 } else {
-                    runs.emplace_back(currentSet, currentSet->getLayerCount());
+                    builder.init(currentSet);
+                    if (firstLayer) {
+                        runHasFirstLayer = true;
+                    }
                     isPartOfRun = true;
                 }
             }
         } else if (isPartOfRun) {
-            // Runs must be at least 2 sets long or there's nothing to combine
-            if (runs.back().start->getLayerCount() == runs.back().length) {
-                runs.pop_back();
-            } else {
-                // The prior run contained at least two sets. Currently, we'll
-                // only possibly merge a single run, so only keep track of a
-                // holePunchLayer if this is the first run.
-                if (runs.size() == 1) {
-                    holePunchLayer = &(*currentSet);
-                }
-
-                // TODO(b/185114532: Break out of the loop? We may find more runs, but we
-                // won't do anything with them.
+            builder.setHolePunchCandidate(&(*currentSet));
+            if (auto run = builder.validateAndBuild(); run) {
+                runs.push_back(*run);
             }
 
+            runHasFirstLayer = false;
+            builder.reset();
             isPartOfRun = false;
         }
+
+        firstLayer = false;
     }
 
-    // Check for at least 2 sets one more time in case the set includes the last layer
-    if (isPartOfRun && runs.back().start->getLayerCount() == runs.back().length) {
-        runs.pop_back();
+    // If we're in the middle of a run at the end, we still need to validate and build it.
+    if (isPartOfRun) {
+        if (auto run = builder.validateAndBuild(); run) {
+            runs.push_back(*run);
+        }
     }
 
     ALOGV("[%s] Found %zu candidate runs", __func__, runs.size());
 
+    return runs;
+}
+
+std::optional<Flattener::Run> Flattener::findBestRun(std::vector<Flattener::Run>& runs) const {
     if (runs.empty()) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    // TODO (b/181192467): Choose the best run, instead of just the first.
+    return runs[0];
+}
+
+void Flattener::buildCachedSets(time_point now) {
+    if (mLayers.empty()) {
+        ALOGV("[%s] No layers found, returning", __func__);
         return;
     }
 
-    mNewCachedSet.emplace(*runs[0].start);
+    std::vector<Run> runs = findCandidateRuns(now);
+
+    std::optional<Run> bestRun = findBestRun(runs);
+
+    if (!bestRun) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mNewCachedSet.emplace(*bestRun->getStart());
     mNewCachedSet->setLastUpdate(now);
-    auto currentSet = runs[0].start;
-    while (mNewCachedSet->getLayerCount() < runs[0].length) {
+    auto currentSet = bestRun->getStart();
+    while (mNewCachedSet->getLayerCount() < bestRun->getLayerLength()) {
         ++currentSet;
         mNewCachedSet->append(*currentSet);
     }
 
-    if (mEnableHolePunch && holePunchLayer && holePunchLayer->requiresHolePunch()) {
+    if (mEnableHolePunch && bestRun->getHolePunchCandidate() &&
+        bestRun->getHolePunchCandidate()->requiresHolePunch()) {
         // Add the pip layer to mNewCachedSet, but in a special way - it should
         // replace the buffer with a clear round rect.
-        mNewCachedSet->addHolePunchLayerIfFeasible(*holePunchLayer,
-                                                   runs[0].start == mLayers.cbegin());
+        mNewCachedSet->addHolePunchLayerIfFeasible(*bestRun->getHolePunchCandidate(),
+                                                   bestRun->getStart() == mLayers.cbegin());
     }
 
     // TODO(b/181192467): Actually compute new LayerState vector and corresponding hash for each run
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp
index 8a83639..e12cb57 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp
@@ -533,16 +533,15 @@
 
 TEST_F(DisplayCreateOutputLayerTest, setsHwcLayer) {
     sp<mock::LayerFE> layerFE = new StrictMock<mock::LayerFE>();
-    StrictMock<HWC2::mock::Layer> hwcLayer;
+    auto hwcLayer = std::make_shared<StrictMock<HWC2::mock::Layer>>();
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, createLayer(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)))
-            .WillOnce(Return(&hwcLayer));
+            .WillOnce(Return(hwcLayer));
 
     auto outputLayer = mDisplay->createOutputLayer(layerFE);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(&hwcLayer, outputLayer->getHwcLayer());
+    EXPECT_EQ(hwcLayer.get(), outputLayer->getHwcLayer());
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, destroyLayer(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), &hwcLayer));
     outputLayer.reset();
 }
 
@@ -627,7 +626,7 @@
 TEST_F(DisplayChooseCompositionStrategyTest, takesEarlyOutOnHwcError) {
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplay, anyLayersRequireClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer,
-                getDeviceCompositionChanges(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), false, _))
+                getDeviceCompositionChanges(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), false, _, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(INVALID_OPERATION));
 
     mDisplay->chooseCompositionStrategy();
@@ -649,7 +648,8 @@
             .InSequence(s)
             .WillOnce(Return(false));
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, getDeviceCompositionChanges(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), true, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer,
+                getDeviceCompositionChanges(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), true, _, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplay, allLayersRequireClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
 
@@ -679,8 +679,9 @@
             .InSequence(s)
             .WillOnce(Return(false));
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, getDeviceCompositionChanges(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), true, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<2>(changes), Return(NO_ERROR)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer,
+                getDeviceCompositionChanges(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), true, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(changes), Return(NO_ERROR)));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplay, applyChangedTypesToLayers(changes.changedTypes)).Times(1);
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplay, applyDisplayRequests(changes.displayRequests)).Times(1);
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplay, applyLayerRequestsToLayers(changes.layerRequests)).Times(1);
@@ -867,7 +868,8 @@
     sp<Fence> layer1Fence = new Fence();
     sp<Fence> layer2Fence = new Fence();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, presentAndGetReleaseFences(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID))).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, presentAndGetReleaseFences(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID), _))
+            .Times(1);
     EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, getPresentFence(HalDisplayId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)))
             .WillOnce(Return(presentFence));
     EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer,
@@ -1039,7 +1041,7 @@
 
     mDisplay->editState().isEnabled = true;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, presentAndGetReleaseFences(_));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mHwComposer, presentAndGetReleaseFences(_, _));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, onFrameCommitted());
 
     mDisplay->postFramebuffer();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
index bac894a..cd2d09e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@
     MOCK_METHOD3(allocateVirtualDisplay,
                  std::optional<DisplayId>(uint32_t, uint32_t, ui::PixelFormat*));
     MOCK_METHOD2(allocatePhysicalDisplay, void(hal::HWDisplayId, PhysicalDisplayId));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(createLayer, HWC2::Layer*(HalDisplayId));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(destroyLayer, void(HalDisplayId, HWC2::Layer*));
-    MOCK_METHOD3(getDeviceCompositionChanges,
-                 status_t(HalDisplayId, bool,
+    MOCK_METHOD1(createLayer, std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer>(HalDisplayId));
+    MOCK_METHOD4(getDeviceCompositionChanges,
+                 status_t(HalDisplayId, bool, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point,
                           std::optional<android::HWComposer::DeviceRequestedChanges>*));
     MOCK_METHOD5(setClientTarget,
                  status_t(HalDisplayId, uint32_t, const sp<Fence>&, const sp<GraphicBuffer>&,
                           ui::Dataspace));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(presentAndGetReleaseFences, status_t(HalDisplayId));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(presentAndGetReleaseFences,
+                 status_t(HalDisplayId, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point));
     MOCK_METHOD2(setPowerMode, status_t(PhysicalDisplayId, hal::PowerMode));
     MOCK_METHOD2(setActiveConfig, status_t(HalDisplayId, size_t));
     MOCK_METHOD2(setColorTransform, status_t(HalDisplayId, const mat4&));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
index a39331c..488f64d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
@@ -567,5 +567,30 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_F(CachedSetTest, hasBlurBehind) {
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.backgroundBlurRadius = 1;
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerState->update(&mTestLayers[1]->outputLayer);
+    mTestLayers[2]->layerFECompositionState.blurRegions.push_back(
+            BlurRegion{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0});
+    mTestLayers[2]->layerState->update(&mTestLayers[2]->outputLayer);
+
+    CachedSet::Layer& layer1 = *mTestLayers[0]->cachedSetLayer.get();
+    CachedSet::Layer& layer2 = *mTestLayers[1]->cachedSetLayer.get();
+    CachedSet::Layer& layer3 = *mTestLayers[2]->cachedSetLayer.get();
+
+    CachedSet cachedSet1(layer1);
+    CachedSet cachedSet2(layer2);
+    CachedSet cachedSet3(layer3);
+
+    // Cached set 4 will consist of layers 1 and 2, which will contain a blur behind
+    CachedSet cachedSet4(layer1);
+    cachedSet4.addLayer(layer2.getState(), kStartTime);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(cachedSet1.hasBlurBehind());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cachedSet2.hasBlurBehind());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cachedSet3.hasBlurBehind());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cachedSet4.hasBlurBehind());
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
index 25fab49..42096f3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
@@ -642,5 +642,149 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(&mTestLayers[2]->outputLayer, peekThroughLayer1);
     EXPECT_EQ(peekThroughLayer1, peekThroughLayer2);
 }
+
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_flattensBlurBehindRunIfFirstRun) {
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+
+    auto& layerState2 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.backgroundBlurRadius = 1;
+    layerState2->update(&mTestLayers[1]->outputLayer);
+
+    auto& layerState3 = mTestLayers[2]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer1 = layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer2 = layerState2->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer3 = layerState3->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState1.get(),
+            layerState2.get(),
+            layerState3.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    // Mark the first two layers inactive, which contain the blur behind
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    layerState3->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
+
+    // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+
+    for (const auto layer : layers) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
+    }
+
+    // the new flattened layer is replaced
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer1, overrideBuffer2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_doesNotFlattenBlurBehindRun) {
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+
+    auto& layerState2 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.backgroundBlurRadius = 1;
+    layerState2->update(&mTestLayers[1]->outputLayer);
+
+    auto& layerState3 = mTestLayers[2]->layerState;
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState1.get(),
+            layerState2.get(),
+            layerState3.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    // Mark the last two layers inactive, which contains the blur layer, but does not contain the
+    // first layer
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
+
+    // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+
+    for (const auto layer : layers) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
+    }
+
+    // nothing is flattened because the last two frames cannot be cached due to containing a blur
+    // layer
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    for (const auto layer : layers) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_flattenSkipsLayerWithBlurBehind) {
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+
+    auto& layerStateWithBlurBehind = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.backgroundBlurRadius = 1;
+    layerStateWithBlurBehind->update(&mTestLayers[1]->outputLayer);
+
+    auto& layerState3 = mTestLayers[2]->layerState;
+    auto& layerState4 = mTestLayers[3]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer1 = layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    const auto& blurOverrideBuffer =
+            layerStateWithBlurBehind->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer3 = layerState3->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer4 = layerState4->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState1.get(),
+            layerStateWithBlurBehind.get(),
+            layerState3.get(),
+            layerState4.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    // Mark the last three layers inactive, which contains the blur layer, but does not contain the
+    // first layer
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
+
+    // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+
+    for (const auto layer : layers) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, layer->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer);
+    }
+
+    // the new flattened layer is replaced
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, blurOverrideBuffer);
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer3, overrideBuffer4);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/LayerStateTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/LayerStateTest.cpp
index 948c850..a09ce14 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/LayerStateTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/LayerStateTest.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@
 const GenericLayerMetadataEntry sMetadataValueTwo = GenericLayerMetadataEntry{
         .value = std::vector<uint8_t>({1, 3}),
 };
+const constexpr int32_t sBgBlurRadiusOne = 3;
+const constexpr int32_t sBgBlurRadiusTwo = 4;
+const BlurRegion sBlurRegionOne = BlurRegion{1, 2.f, 3.f, 4.f, 5.f, 6.f, 7, 8, 9, 10};
+const BlurRegion sBlurRegionTwo = BlurRegion{2, 3.f, 4.f, 5.f, 6.f, 7.f, 8, 9, 10, 11};
 
 struct LayerStateTest : public testing::Test {
     LayerStateTest() {
@@ -830,6 +834,114 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(otherLayerState->compare(*mLayerState));
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerStateTest, updateBackgroundBlur) {
+    OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
+    layerFECompositionState.backgroundBlurRadius = sBgBlurRadiusOne;
+    setupMocksForLayer(mOutputLayer, mLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionState);
+    mLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&mOutputLayer);
+
+    mock::OutputLayer newOutputLayer;
+    mock::LayerFE newLayerFE;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionStateTwo;
+    layerFECompositionStateTwo.backgroundBlurRadius = sBgBlurRadiusTwo;
+    setupMocksForLayer(newOutputLayer, newLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionStateTwo);
+    Flags<LayerStateField> updates = mLayerState->update(&newOutputLayer);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Flags<LayerStateField>(LayerStateField::BackgroundBlurRadius), updates);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerStateTest, compareBackgroundBlur) {
+    OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
+    layerFECompositionState.backgroundBlurRadius = sBgBlurRadiusOne;
+    setupMocksForLayer(mOutputLayer, mLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionState);
+    mLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&mOutputLayer);
+    mock::OutputLayer newOutputLayer;
+    mock::LayerFE newLayerFE;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionStateTwo;
+    layerFECompositionStateTwo.backgroundBlurRadius = sBgBlurRadiusTwo;
+    setupMocksForLayer(newOutputLayer, newLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionStateTwo);
+    auto otherLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&newOutputLayer);
+
+    verifyNonUniqueDifferingFields(*mLayerState, *otherLayerState,
+                                   LayerStateField::BackgroundBlurRadius);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mLayerState->compare(*otherLayerState));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(otherLayerState->compare(*mLayerState));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerStateTest, updateBlurRegions) {
+    OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
+    layerFECompositionState.blurRegions.push_back(sBlurRegionOne);
+    setupMocksForLayer(mOutputLayer, mLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionState);
+    mLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&mOutputLayer);
+
+    mock::OutputLayer newOutputLayer;
+    mock::LayerFE newLayerFE;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionStateTwo;
+    layerFECompositionStateTwo.blurRegions.push_back(sBlurRegionTwo);
+    setupMocksForLayer(newOutputLayer, newLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionStateTwo);
+    Flags<LayerStateField> updates = mLayerState->update(&newOutputLayer);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Flags<LayerStateField>(LayerStateField::BlurRegions), updates);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerStateTest, compareBlurRegions) {
+    OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
+    layerFECompositionState.blurRegions.push_back(sBlurRegionOne);
+    setupMocksForLayer(mOutputLayer, mLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionState);
+    mLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&mOutputLayer);
+    mock::OutputLayer newOutputLayer;
+    mock::LayerFE newLayerFE;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionStateTwo;
+    layerFECompositionStateTwo.blurRegions.push_back(sBlurRegionTwo);
+    setupMocksForLayer(newOutputLayer, newLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionStateTwo);
+    auto otherLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&newOutputLayer);
+
+    verifyNonUniqueDifferingFields(*mLayerState, *otherLayerState, LayerStateField::BlurRegions);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mLayerState->compare(*otherLayerState));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(otherLayerState->compare(*mLayerState));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerStateTest, hasBlurBehind_noBlur_returnsFalse) {
+    OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
+    setupMocksForLayer(mOutputLayer, mLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionState);
+    mLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&mOutputLayer);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mLayerState->hasBlurBehind());
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerStateTest, hasBlurBehind_withBackgroundBlur_returnsTrue) {
+    OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
+    layerFECompositionState.backgroundBlurRadius = sBgBlurRadiusOne;
+    setupMocksForLayer(mOutputLayer, mLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionState);
+    mLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&mOutputLayer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mLayerState->hasBlurBehind());
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerStateTest, hasBlurBehind_withBlurRegion_returnsTrue) {
+    OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
+    LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
+    layerFECompositionState.blurRegions.push_back(sBlurRegionOne);
+    setupMocksForLayer(mOutputLayer, mLayerFE, outputLayerCompositionState,
+                       layerFECompositionState);
+    mLayerState = std::make_unique<LayerState>(&mOutputLayer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mLayerState->hasBlurBehind());
+}
+
 TEST_F(LayerStateTest, dumpDoesNotCrash) {
     OutputLayerCompositionState outputLayerCompositionState;
     LayerFECompositionState layerFECompositionState;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
index d04b5f7..27146ab 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,19 @@
 }
 
 Display::~Display() {
-    mLayers.clear();
+    // Note: The calls to onOwningDisplayDestroyed() are allowed (and expected)
+    // to call Display::onLayerDestroyed(). As that call removes entries from
+    // mLayers, we do not want to have a for loop directly over it here. Since
+    // the end goal is an empty mLayers anyway, we just go ahead and swap an
+    // initially empty local container with mLayers, and then enumerate
+    // the contents of the local container.
+    Layers destroyingLayers;
+    std::swap(mLayers, destroyingLayers);
+    for (const auto& [_, weakLayer] : destroyingLayers) {
+        if (std::shared_ptr layer = weakLayer.lock()) {
+            layer->onOwningDisplayDestroyed();
+        }
+    }
 
     Error error = Error::NONE;
     const char* msg;
@@ -110,29 +122,21 @@
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
-Error Display::createLayer(HWC2::Layer** outLayer) {
-    if (!outLayer) {
-        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-    }
+base::expected<std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer>, hal::Error> Display::createLayer() {
     HWLayerId layerId = 0;
     auto intError = mComposer.createLayer(mId, &layerId);
     auto error = static_cast<Error>(intError);
     if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
+        return base::unexpected(error);
     }
 
-    auto layer = std::make_unique<impl::Layer>(mComposer, mCapabilities, mId, layerId);
-    *outLayer = layer.get();
-    mLayers.emplace(layerId, std::move(layer));
-    return Error::NONE;
+    auto layer = std::make_shared<impl::Layer>(mComposer, mCapabilities, *this, layerId);
+    mLayers.emplace(layerId, layer);
+    return layer;
 }
 
-Error Display::destroyLayer(HWC2::Layer* layer) {
-    if (!layer) {
-        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-    }
-    mLayers.erase(layer->getId());
-    return Error::NONE;
+void Display::onLayerDestroyed(hal::HWLayerId layerId) {
+    mLayers.erase(layerId);
 }
 
 bool Display::isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() const {
@@ -161,7 +165,7 @@
             auto type = types[element];
             ALOGV("getChangedCompositionTypes: adding %" PRIu64 " %s",
                     layer->getId(), to_string(type).c_str());
-            outTypes->emplace(layer, type);
+            outTypes->emplace(layer.get(), type);
         } else {
             ALOGE("getChangedCompositionTypes: invalid layer %" PRIu64 " found"
                     " on display %" PRIu64, layerIds[element], mId);
@@ -254,7 +258,7 @@
         if (layer) {
             auto layerRequest =
                     static_cast<LayerRequest>(layerRequests[element]);
-            outLayerRequests->emplace(layer, layerRequest);
+            outLayerRequests->emplace(layer.get(), layerRequest);
         } else {
             ALOGE("getRequests: invalid layer %" PRIu64 " found on display %"
                     PRIu64, layerIds[element], mId);
@@ -340,7 +344,7 @@
         auto layer = getLayerById(layerIds[element]);
         if (layer) {
             sp<Fence> fence(new Fence(fenceFds[element]));
-            releaseFences.emplace(layer, fence);
+            releaseFences.emplace(layer.get(), fence);
         } else {
             ALOGE("getReleaseFences: invalid layer %" PRIu64
                     " found on display %" PRIu64, layerIds[element], mId);
@@ -550,12 +554,9 @@
 
 // Other Display methods
 
-HWC2::Layer* Display::getLayerById(HWLayerId id) const {
-    if (mLayers.count(id) == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return mLayers.at(id).get();
+std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer> Display::getLayerById(HWLayerId id) const {
+    auto it = mLayers.find(id);
+    return it != mLayers.end() ? it->second.lock() : nullptr;
 }
 } // namespace impl
 
@@ -566,47 +567,78 @@
 namespace impl {
 
 Layer::Layer(android::Hwc2::Composer& composer, const std::unordered_set<Capability>& capabilities,
-             HWDisplayId displayId, HWLayerId layerId)
+             HWC2::Display& display, HWLayerId layerId)
       : mComposer(composer),
         mCapabilities(capabilities),
-        mDisplayId(displayId),
+        mDisplay(&display),
         mId(layerId),
         mColorMatrix(android::mat4()) {
-    ALOGV("Created layer %" PRIu64 " on display %" PRIu64, layerId, displayId);
+    ALOGV("Created layer %" PRIu64 " on display %" PRIu64, layerId, display.getId());
 }
 
 Layer::~Layer()
 {
-    auto intError = mComposer.destroyLayer(mDisplayId, mId);
+    onOwningDisplayDestroyed();
+}
+
+void Layer::onOwningDisplayDestroyed() {
+    // Note: onOwningDisplayDestroyed() may be called to perform cleanup by
+    // either the Layer dtor or by the Display dtor and must be safe to call
+    // from either path. In particular, the call to Display::onLayerDestroyed()
+    // is expected to be safe to do,
+
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mDisplay->onLayerDestroyed(mId);
+
+    // Note: If the HWC display was actually disconnected, these calls are will
+    // return an error. We always make them as there may be other reasons for
+    // the HWC2::Display to be destroyed.
+    auto intError = mComposer.destroyLayer(mDisplay->getId(), mId);
     auto error = static_cast<Error>(intError);
     ALOGE_IF(error != Error::NONE,
              "destroyLayer(%" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 ")"
              " failed: %s (%d)",
-             mDisplayId, mId, to_string(error).c_str(), intError);
+             mDisplay->getId(), mId, to_string(error).c_str(), intError);
+
+    mDisplay = nullptr;
 }
 
 Error Layer::setCursorPosition(int32_t x, int32_t y)
 {
-    auto intError = mComposer.setCursorPosition(mDisplayId, mId, x, y);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    auto intError = mComposer.setCursorPosition(mDisplay->getId(), mId, x, y);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setBuffer(uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
         const sp<Fence>& acquireFence)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     if (buffer == nullptr && mBufferSlot == slot) {
         return Error::NONE;
     }
     mBufferSlot = slot;
 
     int32_t fenceFd = acquireFence->dup();
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerBuffer(mDisplayId, mId, slot, buffer,
-                                             fenceFd);
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerBuffer(mDisplay->getId(), mId, slot, buffer, fenceFd);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setSurfaceDamage(const Region& damage)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     if (damage.isRect() && mDamageRegion.isRect() &&
         (damage.getBounds() == mDamageRegion.getBounds())) {
         return Error::NONE;
@@ -617,8 +649,8 @@
     // rects for HWC
     Hwc2::Error intError = Hwc2::Error::NONE;
     if (damage.isRect() && damage.getBounds() == Rect::INVALID_RECT) {
-        intError = mComposer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mDisplayId,
-                mId, std::vector<Hwc2::IComposerClient::Rect>());
+        intError = mComposer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mDisplay->getId(), mId,
+                                                   std::vector<Hwc2::IComposerClient::Rect>());
     } else {
         size_t rectCount = 0;
         auto rectArray = damage.getArray(&rectCount);
@@ -629,7 +661,7 @@
                     rectArray[rect].right, rectArray[rect].bottom});
         }
 
-        intError = mComposer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mDisplayId, mId, hwcRects);
+        intError = mComposer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mDisplay->getId(), mId, hwcRects);
     }
 
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
@@ -637,34 +669,54 @@
 
 Error Layer::setBlendMode(BlendMode mode)
 {
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerBlendMode(mDisplayId, mId, mode);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerBlendMode(mDisplay->getId(), mId, mode);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setColor(Color color) {
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerColor(mDisplayId, mId, color);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerColor(mDisplay->getId(), mId, color);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setCompositionType(Composition type)
 {
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerCompositionType(mDisplayId, mId, type);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerCompositionType(mDisplay->getId(), mId, type);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setDataspace(Dataspace dataspace)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     if (dataspace == mDataSpace) {
         return Error::NONE;
     }
     mDataSpace = dataspace;
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerDataspace(mDisplayId, mId, mDataSpace);
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerDataspace(mDisplay->getId(), mId, mDataSpace);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setPerFrameMetadata(const int32_t supportedPerFrameMetadata,
         const android::HdrMetadata& metadata)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     if (metadata == mHdrMetadata) {
         return Error::NONE;
     }
@@ -705,7 +757,7 @@
     }
 
     Error error = static_cast<Error>(
-            mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(mDisplayId, mId, perFrameMetadatas));
+            mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(mDisplay->getId(), mId, perFrameMetadatas));
 
     if (validTypes & HdrMetadata::HDR10PLUS) {
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(mHdrMetadata.hdr10plus.size() == 0)) {
@@ -715,8 +767,9 @@
         std::vector<Hwc2::PerFrameMetadataBlob> perFrameMetadataBlobs;
         perFrameMetadataBlobs.push_back(
                 {Hwc2::PerFrameMetadataKey::HDR10_PLUS_SEI, mHdrMetadata.hdr10plus});
-        Error setMetadataBlobsError = static_cast<Error>(
-                mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(mDisplayId, mId, perFrameMetadataBlobs));
+        Error setMetadataBlobsError =
+                static_cast<Error>(mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(mDisplay->getId(), mId,
+                                                                           perFrameMetadataBlobs));
         if (error == Error::NONE) {
             return setMetadataBlobsError;
         }
@@ -726,46 +779,70 @@
 
 Error Layer::setDisplayFrame(const Rect& frame)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     Hwc2::IComposerClient::Rect hwcRect{frame.left, frame.top,
         frame.right, frame.bottom};
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerDisplayFrame(mDisplayId, mId, hwcRect);
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerDisplayFrame(mDisplay->getId(), mId, hwcRect);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setPlaneAlpha(float alpha)
 {
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(mDisplayId, mId, alpha);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(mDisplay->getId(), mId, alpha);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setSidebandStream(const native_handle_t* stream)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     if (mCapabilities.count(Capability::SIDEBAND_STREAM) == 0) {
         ALOGE("Attempted to call setSidebandStream without checking that the "
                 "device supports sideband streams");
         return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
     }
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerSidebandStream(mDisplayId, mId, stream);
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerSidebandStream(mDisplay->getId(), mId, stream);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setSourceCrop(const FloatRect& crop)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     Hwc2::IComposerClient::FRect hwcRect{
         crop.left, crop.top, crop.right, crop.bottom};
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerSourceCrop(mDisplayId, mId, hwcRect);
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerSourceCrop(mDisplay->getId(), mId, hwcRect);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setTransform(Transform transform)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     auto intTransform = static_cast<Hwc2::Transform>(transform);
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerTransform(mDisplayId, mId, intTransform);
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerTransform(mDisplay->getId(), mId, intTransform);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setVisibleRegion(const Region& region)
 {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     if (region.isRect() && mVisibleRegion.isRect() &&
         (region.getBounds() == mVisibleRegion.getBounds())) {
         return Error::NONE;
@@ -781,22 +858,30 @@
                 rectArray[rect].right, rectArray[rect].bottom});
     }
 
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerVisibleRegion(mDisplayId, mId, hwcRects);
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerVisibleRegion(mDisplay->getId(), mId, hwcRects);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Layer::setZOrder(uint32_t z)
 {
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerZOrder(mDisplayId, mId, z);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerZOrder(mDisplay->getId(), mId, z);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 // Composer HAL 2.3
 Error Layer::setColorTransform(const android::mat4& matrix) {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
     if (matrix == mColorMatrix) {
         return Error::NONE;
     }
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerColorTransform(mDisplayId, mId, matrix.asArray());
+    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerColorTransform(mDisplay->getId(), mId, matrix.asArray());
     Error error = static_cast<Error>(intError);
     if (error != Error::NONE) {
         return error;
@@ -808,7 +893,12 @@
 // Composer HAL 2.4
 Error Layer::setLayerGenericMetadata(const std::string& name, bool mandatory,
                                      const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
-    auto intError = mComposer.setLayerGenericMetadata(mDisplayId, mId, name, mandatory, value);
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(!mDisplay)) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    auto intError =
+            mComposer.setLayerGenericMetadata(mDisplay->getId(), mId, name, mandatory, value);
     return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
index e7bf286..fae95e7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <android-base/expected.h>
 #include <gui/HdrMetadata.h>
 #include <math/mat4.h>
 #include <ui/HdrCapabilities.h>
@@ -84,10 +85,11 @@
     virtual void setConnected(bool connected) = 0; // For use by Device only
     virtual const std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability>& getCapabilities() const = 0;
     virtual bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() const = 0;
+    virtual void onLayerDestroyed(hal::HWLayerId layerId) = 0;
 
     [[clang::warn_unused_result]] virtual hal::Error acceptChanges() = 0;
-    [[clang::warn_unused_result]] virtual hal::Error createLayer(Layer** outLayer) = 0;
-    [[clang::warn_unused_result]] virtual hal::Error destroyLayer(Layer* layer) = 0;
+    [[clang::warn_unused_result]] virtual base::expected<std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer>, hal::Error>
+    createLayer() = 0;
     [[clang::warn_unused_result]] virtual hal::Error getChangedCompositionTypes(
             std::unordered_map<Layer*, hal::Composition>* outTypes) = 0;
     [[clang::warn_unused_result]] virtual hal::Error getColorModes(
@@ -152,6 +154,8 @@
 
 namespace impl {
 
+class Layer;
+
 class Display : public HWC2::Display {
 public:
     Display(android::Hwc2::Composer&, const std::unordered_set<hal::Capability>&, hal::HWDisplayId,
@@ -160,10 +164,9 @@
 
     // Required by HWC2
     hal::Error acceptChanges() override;
-    hal::Error createLayer(Layer** outLayer) override;
-    hal::Error destroyLayer(Layer*) override;
+    base::expected<std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer>, hal::Error> createLayer() override;
     hal::Error getChangedCompositionTypes(
-            std::unordered_map<Layer*, hal::Composition>* outTypes) override;
+            std::unordered_map<HWC2::Layer*, hal::Composition>* outTypes) override;
     hal::Error getColorModes(std::vector<hal::ColorMode>* outModes) const override;
     // Returns a bitmask which contains HdrMetadata::Type::*.
     int32_t getSupportedPerFrameMetadata() const override;
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@
     hal::Error getName(std::string* outName) const override;
     hal::Error getRequests(
             hal::DisplayRequest* outDisplayRequests,
-            std::unordered_map<Layer*, hal::LayerRequest>* outLayerRequests) override;
+            std::unordered_map<HWC2::Layer*, hal::LayerRequest>* outLayerRequests) override;
     hal::Error getConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType*) const override;
     hal::Error supportsDoze(bool* outSupport) const override;
     hal::Error getHdrCapabilities(android::HdrCapabilities* outCapabilities) const override;
@@ -185,8 +188,8 @@
                                                 uint64_t maxFrames) const override;
     hal::Error getDisplayedContentSample(uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
                                          android::DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) const override;
-    hal::Error getReleaseFences(
-            std::unordered_map<Layer*, android::sp<android::Fence>>* outFences) const override;
+    hal::Error getReleaseFences(std::unordered_map<HWC2::Layer*, android::sp<android::Fence>>*
+                                        outFences) const override;
     hal::Error present(android::sp<android::Fence>* outPresentFence) override;
     hal::Error setClientTarget(uint32_t slot, const android::sp<android::GraphicBuffer>& target,
                                const android::sp<android::Fence>& acquireFence,
@@ -218,13 +221,14 @@
     const std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability>& getCapabilities() const override {
         return mDisplayCapabilities;
     };
-    virtual bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() const override;
+    bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() const override;
+    void onLayerDestroyed(hal::HWLayerId layerId) override;
 
 private:
 
     // This may fail (and return a null pointer) if no layer with this ID exists
     // on this display
-    Layer* getLayerById(hal::HWLayerId) const;
+    std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer> getLayerById(hal::HWLayerId id) const;
 
     friend android::TestableSurfaceFlinger;
 
@@ -240,7 +244,8 @@
     hal::DisplayType mType;
     bool mIsConnected = false;
 
-    std::unordered_map<hal::HWLayerId, std::unique_ptr<Layer>> mLayers;
+    using Layers = std::unordered_map<hal::HWLayerId, std::weak_ptr<HWC2::impl::Layer>>;
+    Layers mLayers;
 
     std::once_flag mDisplayCapabilityQueryFlag;
     std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability> mDisplayCapabilities;
@@ -295,10 +300,12 @@
 class Layer : public HWC2::Layer {
 public:
     Layer(android::Hwc2::Composer& composer,
-          const std::unordered_set<hal::Capability>& capabilities, hal::HWDisplayId displayId,
+          const std::unordered_set<hal::Capability>& capabilities, HWC2::Display& display,
           hal::HWLayerId layerId);
     ~Layer() override;
 
+    void onOwningDisplayDestroyed();
+
     hal::HWLayerId getId() const override { return mId; }
 
     hal::Error setCursorPosition(int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
@@ -334,7 +341,7 @@
     android::Hwc2::Composer& mComposer;
     const std::unordered_set<hal::Capability>& mCapabilities;
 
-    hal::HWDisplayId mDisplayId;
+    HWC2::Display* mDisplay;
     hal::HWLayerId mId;
 
     // Cached HWC2 data, to ensure the same commands aren't sent to the HWC
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index b73d032..36876dc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -305,20 +305,15 @@
     return value;
 }
 
-HWC2::Layer* HWComposer::createLayer(HalDisplayId displayId) {
+std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer> HWComposer::createLayer(HalDisplayId displayId) {
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, nullptr);
 
-    HWC2::Layer* layer;
-    auto error = mDisplayData[displayId].hwcDisplay->createLayer(&layer);
-    RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, nullptr);
-    return layer;
-}
-
-void HWComposer::destroyLayer(HalDisplayId displayId, HWC2::Layer* layer) {
-    RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId);
-
-    auto error = mDisplayData[displayId].hwcDisplay->destroyLayer(layer);
-    RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId);
+    auto expected = mDisplayData[displayId].hwcDisplay->createLayer();
+    if (!expected.has_value()) {
+        auto error = std::move(expected).error();
+        RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, nullptr);
+    }
+    return std::move(expected).value();
 }
 
 bool HWComposer::isConnected(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const {
@@ -471,6 +466,7 @@
 
 status_t HWComposer::getDeviceCompositionChanges(
         HalDisplayId displayId, bool frameUsesClientComposition,
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point earliestPresentTime,
         std::optional<android::HWComposer::DeviceRequestedChanges>* outChanges) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
@@ -487,12 +483,14 @@
 
     hal::Error error = hal::Error::NONE;
 
-    // First try to skip validate altogether when there is no client
-    // composition.  When there is client composition, since we haven't
-    // rendered to the client target yet, we should not attempt to skip
-    // validate.
+    // First try to skip validate altogether when we passed the earliest time
+    // to present and there is no client. Otherwise, we may present a frame too
+    // early or in case of client composition we first need to render the
+    // client target buffer.
+    const bool canSkipValidate =
+            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() >= earliestPresentTime && !frameUsesClientComposition;
     displayData.validateWasSkipped = false;
-    if (!frameUsesClientComposition) {
+    if (canSkipValidate) {
         sp<Fence> outPresentFence;
         uint32_t state = UINT32_MAX;
         error = hwcDisplay->presentOrValidate(&numTypes, &numRequests, &outPresentFence , &state);
@@ -556,7 +554,8 @@
     return fence->second;
 }
 
-status_t HWComposer::presentAndGetReleaseFences(HalDisplayId displayId) {
+status_t HWComposer::presentAndGetReleaseFences(
+        HalDisplayId displayId, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point earliestPresentTime) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, BAD_INDEX);
@@ -572,6 +571,11 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
+    {
+        ATRACE_NAME("wait for earliest present time");
+        std::this_thread::sleep_until(earliestPresentTime);
+    }
+
     auto error = hwcDisplay->present(&displayData.lastPresentFence);
     RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR("present", error, displayId, UNKNOWN_ERROR);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index f532e50..d0c0c11 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -116,9 +116,7 @@
     virtual void allocatePhysicalDisplay(hal::HWDisplayId, PhysicalDisplayId) = 0;
 
     // Attempts to create a new layer on this display
-    virtual HWC2::Layer* createLayer(HalDisplayId) = 0;
-    // Destroy a previously created layer
-    virtual void destroyLayer(HalDisplayId, HWC2::Layer*) = 0;
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer> createLayer(HalDisplayId) = 0;
 
     // Gets any required composition change requests from the HWC device.
     //
@@ -129,13 +127,15 @@
     // expected.
     virtual status_t getDeviceCompositionChanges(
             HalDisplayId, bool frameUsesClientComposition,
+            std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point earliestPresentTime,
             std::optional<DeviceRequestedChanges>* outChanges) = 0;
 
     virtual status_t setClientTarget(HalDisplayId, uint32_t slot, const sp<Fence>& acquireFence,
                                      const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target, ui::Dataspace) = 0;
 
     // Present layers to the display and read releaseFences.
-    virtual status_t presentAndGetReleaseFences(HalDisplayId) = 0;
+    virtual status_t presentAndGetReleaseFences(
+            HalDisplayId, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point earliestPresentTime) = 0;
 
     // set power mode
     virtual status_t setPowerMode(PhysicalDisplayId, hal::PowerMode) = 0;
@@ -262,19 +262,19 @@
     void allocatePhysicalDisplay(hal::HWDisplayId, PhysicalDisplayId) override;
 
     // Attempts to create a new layer on this display
-    HWC2::Layer* createLayer(HalDisplayId) override;
-    // Destroy a previously created layer
-    void destroyLayer(HalDisplayId, HWC2::Layer*) override;
+    std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer> createLayer(HalDisplayId) override;
 
     status_t getDeviceCompositionChanges(
             HalDisplayId, bool frameUsesClientComposition,
+            std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point earliestPresentTime,
             std::optional<DeviceRequestedChanges>* outChanges) override;
 
     status_t setClientTarget(HalDisplayId, uint32_t slot, const sp<Fence>& acquireFence,
                              const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target, ui::Dataspace) override;
 
     // Present layers to the display and read releaseFences.
-    status_t presentAndGetReleaseFences(HalDisplayId) override;
+    status_t presentAndGetReleaseFences(
+            HalDisplayId, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point earliestPresentTime) override;
 
     // set power mode
     status_t setPowerMode(PhysicalDisplayId, hal::PowerMode mode) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 4fee723..8b7dc4d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -221,7 +221,10 @@
 }
 
 void Layer::removeFromCurrentState() {
-    mRemovedFromCurrentState = true;
+    if (!mRemovedFromCurrentState) {
+        mRemovedFromCurrentState = true;
+        mFlinger->mScheduler->deregisterLayer(this);
+    }
 
     mFlinger->markLayerPendingRemovalLocked(this);
 }
@@ -246,7 +249,10 @@
 }
 
 void Layer::addToCurrentState() {
-    mRemovedFromCurrentState = false;
+    if (mRemovedFromCurrentState) {
+        mRemovedFromCurrentState = false;
+        mFlinger->mScheduler->registerLayer(this);
+    }
 
     for (const auto& child : mCurrentChildren) {
         child->addToCurrentState();
@@ -622,23 +628,6 @@
         return {};
     }
 
-    float casterCornerRadius = shadowLayer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius;
-    const FloatRect& cornerRadiusCropRect = shadowLayer.geometry.roundedCornersCrop;
-    const FloatRect& casterRect = shadowLayer.geometry.boundaries;
-
-    // crop used to set the corner radius may be larger than the content rect. Adjust the corner
-    // radius accordingly.
-    if (casterCornerRadius > 0.f) {
-        float cropRectOffset = std::max(std::abs(cornerRadiusCropRect.top - casterRect.top),
-                                        std::abs(cornerRadiusCropRect.left - casterRect.left));
-        if (cropRectOffset > casterCornerRadius) {
-            casterCornerRadius = 0;
-        } else {
-            casterCornerRadius -= cropRectOffset;
-        }
-        shadowLayer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius = casterCornerRadius;
-    }
-
     return shadowLayer;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index 00090d9..653aca6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -56,16 +56,14 @@
     noWorkNeeded,
     idleTimerWaiting,
     waitForQuietFrame,
-    waitForZeroPhase,
     waitForSamplePhase,
     sample
 };
 
-constexpr auto timeForRegionSampling = 5000000ns;
-constexpr auto maxRegionSamplingSkips = 10;
 constexpr auto defaultRegionSamplingWorkDuration = 3ms;
 constexpr auto defaultRegionSamplingPeriod = 100ms;
 constexpr auto defaultRegionSamplingTimerTimeout = 100ms;
+constexpr auto maxRegionSamplingDelay = 100ms;
 // TODO: (b/127403193) duration to string conversion could probably be constexpr
 template <typename Rep, typename Per>
 inline std::string toNsString(std::chrono::duration<Rep, Per> t) {
@@ -99,97 +97,22 @@
     }
 }
 
-struct SamplingOffsetCallback : VSyncSource::Callback {
-    SamplingOffsetCallback(RegionSamplingThread& samplingThread, Scheduler& scheduler,
-                           std::chrono::nanoseconds targetSamplingWorkDuration)
-          : mRegionSamplingThread(samplingThread),
-            mTargetSamplingWorkDuration(targetSamplingWorkDuration),
-            mVSyncSource(scheduler.makePrimaryDispSyncSource("SamplingThreadDispSyncListener", 0ns,
-                                                             0ns,
-                                                             /*traceVsync=*/false)) {
-        mVSyncSource->setCallback(this);
-    }
-
-    ~SamplingOffsetCallback() { stopVsyncListener(); }
-
-    SamplingOffsetCallback(const SamplingOffsetCallback&) = delete;
-    SamplingOffsetCallback& operator=(const SamplingOffsetCallback&) = delete;
-
-    void startVsyncListener() {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        if (mVsyncListening) return;
-
-        mPhaseIntervalSetting = Phase::ZERO;
-        mVSyncSource->setVSyncEnabled(true);
-        mVsyncListening = true;
-    }
-
-    void stopVsyncListener() {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        stopVsyncListenerLocked();
-    }
-
-private:
-    void stopVsyncListenerLocked() /*REQUIRES(mMutex)*/ {
-        if (!mVsyncListening) return;
-
-        mVSyncSource->setVSyncEnabled(false);
-        mVsyncListening = false;
-    }
-
-    void onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t /*when*/, nsecs_t /*expectedVSyncTimestamp*/,
-                      nsecs_t /*deadlineTimestamp*/) final {
-        std::unique_lock<decltype(mMutex)> lock(mMutex);
-
-        if (mPhaseIntervalSetting == Phase::ZERO) {
-            ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::waitForSamplePhase));
-            mPhaseIntervalSetting = Phase::SAMPLING;
-            mVSyncSource->setDuration(mTargetSamplingWorkDuration, 0ns);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (mPhaseIntervalSetting == Phase::SAMPLING) {
-            mPhaseIntervalSetting = Phase::ZERO;
-            mVSyncSource->setDuration(0ns, 0ns);
-            stopVsyncListenerLocked();
-            lock.unlock();
-            mRegionSamplingThread.notifySamplingOffset();
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    RegionSamplingThread& mRegionSamplingThread;
-    const std::chrono::nanoseconds mTargetSamplingWorkDuration;
-    mutable std::mutex mMutex;
-    enum class Phase {
-        ZERO,
-        SAMPLING
-    } mPhaseIntervalSetting /*GUARDED_BY(mMutex) macro doesnt work with unique_lock?*/
-            = Phase::ZERO;
-    bool mVsyncListening /*GUARDED_BY(mMutex)*/ = false;
-    std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> mVSyncSource;
-};
-
-RegionSamplingThread::RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, Scheduler& scheduler,
-                                           const TimingTunables& tunables)
+RegionSamplingThread::RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, const TimingTunables& tunables)
       : mFlinger(flinger),
-        mScheduler(scheduler),
         mTunables(tunables),
         mIdleTimer(
                 "RegSampIdle",
                 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                         mTunables.mSamplingTimerTimeout),
                 [] {}, [this] { checkForStaleLuma(); }),
-        mPhaseCallback(std::make_unique<SamplingOffsetCallback>(*this, mScheduler,
-                                                                tunables.mSamplingDuration)),
-        lastSampleTime(0ns) {
+        mLastSampleTime(0ns) {
     mThread = std::thread([this]() { threadMain(); });
     pthread_setname_np(mThread.native_handle(), "RegionSampling");
     mIdleTimer.start();
 }
 
-RegionSamplingThread::RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, Scheduler& scheduler)
-      : RegionSamplingThread(flinger, scheduler,
+RegionSamplingThread::RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger)
+      : RegionSamplingThread(flinger,
                              TimingTunables{defaultRegionSamplingWorkDuration,
                                             defaultRegionSamplingPeriod,
                                             defaultRegionSamplingTimerTimeout}) {}
@@ -224,48 +147,46 @@
 void RegionSamplingThread::checkForStaleLuma() {
     std::lock_guard lock(mThreadControlMutex);
 
-    if (mDiscardedFrames > 0) {
-        ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::waitForZeroPhase));
-        mDiscardedFrames = 0;
-        mPhaseCallback->startVsyncListener();
+    if (mSampleRequestTime.has_value()) {
+        ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::waitForSamplePhase));
+        mSampleRequestTime.reset();
+        mFlinger.scheduleRegionSamplingThread();
     }
 }
 
-void RegionSamplingThread::notifyNewContent() {
-    doSample();
+void RegionSamplingThread::onCompositionComplete(
+        std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> samplingDeadline) {
+    doSample(samplingDeadline);
 }
 
-void RegionSamplingThread::notifySamplingOffset() {
-    doSample();
-}
-
-void RegionSamplingThread::doSample() {
+void RegionSamplingThread::doSample(
+        std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> samplingDeadline) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mThreadControlMutex);
-    auto now = std::chrono::nanoseconds(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC));
-    if (lastSampleTime + mTunables.mSamplingPeriod > now) {
+    const auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    if (mLastSampleTime + mTunables.mSamplingPeriod > now) {
+        // content changed, but we sampled not too long ago, so we need to sample some time in the
+        // future.
         ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::idleTimerWaiting));
-        if (mDiscardedFrames == 0) mDiscardedFrames++;
+        mSampleRequestTime = now;
         return;
     }
-    if (mDiscardedFrames < maxRegionSamplingSkips) {
+    if (!mSampleRequestTime.has_value() || now - *mSampleRequestTime < maxRegionSamplingDelay) {
         // If there is relatively little time left for surfaceflinger
         // until the next vsync deadline, defer this sampling work
         // to a later frame, when hopefully there will be more time.
-        const DisplayStatInfo stats = mScheduler.getDisplayStatInfo(systemTime());
-        if (std::chrono::nanoseconds(stats.vsyncTime) - now < timeForRegionSampling) {
+        if (samplingDeadline.has_value() && now + mTunables.mSamplingDuration > *samplingDeadline) {
             ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::waitForQuietFrame));
-            mDiscardedFrames++;
+            mSampleRequestTime = mSampleRequestTime.value_or(now);
             return;
         }
     }
 
     ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::sample));
 
-    mDiscardedFrames = 0;
-    lastSampleTime = now;
+    mSampleRequestTime.reset();
+    mLastSampleTime = now;
 
     mIdleTimer.reset();
-    mPhaseCallback->stopVsyncListener();
 
     mSampleRequested = true;
     mCondition.notify_one();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
index 86632db..2231853 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
@@ -63,9 +63,8 @@
     struct EnvironmentTimingTunables : TimingTunables {
         EnvironmentTimingTunables();
     };
-    explicit RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, Scheduler& scheduler,
-                                  const TimingTunables& tunables);
-    explicit RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, Scheduler& scheduler);
+    explicit RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, const TimingTunables& tunables);
+    explicit RegionSamplingThread(SurfaceFlinger& flinger);
 
     ~RegionSamplingThread();
 
@@ -76,12 +75,11 @@
     // Remove the listener to stop receiving median luma notifications.
     void removeListener(const sp<IRegionSamplingListener>& listener);
 
-    // Notifies sampling engine that new content is available. This will trigger a sampling
-    // pass at some point in the future.
-    void notifyNewContent();
-
-    // Notifies the sampling engine that it has a good timing window in which to sample.
-    void notifySamplingOffset();
+    // Notifies sampling engine that composition is done and new content is
+    // available, and the deadline for the sampling work on the main thread to
+    // be completed without eating the budget of another frame.
+    void onCompositionComplete(
+            std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> samplingDeadline);
 
 private:
     struct Descriptor {
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@
             const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const Point& leftTop,
             const std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor>& descriptors, uint32_t orientation);
 
-    void doSample();
+    void doSample(std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> samplingDeadline);
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
     void checkForStaleLuma();
 
@@ -107,20 +105,18 @@
     void threadMain();
 
     SurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
-    Scheduler& mScheduler;
     const TimingTunables mTunables;
     scheduler::OneShotTimer mIdleTimer;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<SamplingOffsetCallback> const mPhaseCallback;
-
     std::thread mThread;
 
     std::mutex mThreadControlMutex;
     std::condition_variable_any mCondition;
     bool mRunning GUARDED_BY(mThreadControlMutex) = true;
     bool mSampleRequested GUARDED_BY(mThreadControlMutex) = false;
-    uint32_t mDiscardedFrames GUARDED_BY(mThreadControlMutex) = 0;
-    std::chrono::nanoseconds lastSampleTime GUARDED_BY(mThreadControlMutex);
+    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> mSampleRequestTime
+            GUARDED_BY(mThreadControlMutex);
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point mLastSampleTime GUARDED_BY(mThreadControlMutex);
 
     std::mutex mSamplingMutex;
     std::unordered_map<wp<IBinder>, Descriptor, WpHash> mDescriptors GUARDED_BY(mSamplingMutex);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
index ce5c31a..50b38c9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@
                 mRegistration.schedule({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.count(),
                                         .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
                                         .earliestVsync = mLastCallTime.count()});
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((scheduleResult != scheduler::ScheduleResult::Scheduled),
-                            "Error scheduling callback: rc %X", scheduleResult);
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((!scheduleResult.has_value()), "Error scheduling callback");
     }
 
     void stop() {
@@ -100,8 +99,7 @@
                     mRegistration.schedule({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.count(),
                                             .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
                                             .earliestVsync = vsyncTime});
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((scheduleResult != ScheduleResult::Scheduled),
-                                "Error rescheduling callback: rc %X", scheduleResult);
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!scheduleResult.has_value(), "Error rescheduling callback");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
index f4bc2a1..0563795 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
@@ -84,8 +84,11 @@
 LayerHistory::~LayerHistory() = default;
 
 void LayerHistory::registerLayer(Layer* layer, LayerVoteType type) {
-    auto info = std::make_unique<LayerInfo>(layer->getName(), layer->getOwnerUid(), type);
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    for (const auto& info : mLayerInfos) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(info.first == layer, "%s already registered", layer->getName().c_str());
+    }
+    auto info = std::make_unique<LayerInfo>(layer->getName(), layer->getOwnerUid(), type);
     mLayerInfos.emplace_back(layer, std::move(info));
 }
 
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@
 
     const auto it = std::find_if(mLayerInfos.begin(), mLayerInfos.end(),
                                  [layer](const auto& pair) { return pair.first == layer; });
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(it == mLayerInfos.end(), "%s: unknown layer %p", __FUNCTION__, layer);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mLayerInfos.end(), "%s: unknown layer %p", __FUNCTION__, layer);
 
     const size_t i = static_cast<size_t>(it - mLayerInfos.begin());
     if (i < mActiveLayersEnd) {
@@ -111,7 +114,11 @@
 
     const auto it = std::find_if(mLayerInfos.begin(), mLayerInfos.end(),
                                  [layer](const auto& pair) { return pair.first == layer; });
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(it == mLayerInfos.end(), "%s: unknown layer %p", __FUNCTION__, layer);
+    if (it == mLayerInfos.end()) {
+        // Offscreen layer
+        ALOGV("LayerHistory::record: %s not registered", layer->getName().c_str());
+        return;
+    }
 
     const auto& info = it->second;
     const auto layerProps = LayerInfo::LayerProps{
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index ba03c89..34cc389 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
 
     // Used for sanitizing the heuristic data. If two frames are less than
     // this period apart from each other they'll be considered as duplicates.
-    static constexpr nsecs_t kMinPeriodBetweenFrames = Fps(120.f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    static constexpr nsecs_t kMinPeriodBetweenFrames = Fps(240.f).getPeriodNsecs();
     // Used for sanitizing the heuristic data. If two frames are more than
     // this period apart from each other, the interval between them won't be
     // taken into account when calculating average frame rate.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
index 7ff0ddf..4d51125 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include <utils/threads.h>
 
 #include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 
 #include "EventThread.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
@@ -33,27 +32,32 @@
 namespace android::impl {
 
 void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchRefresh() {
-    if ((android_atomic_or(eventMaskRefresh, &mEventMask) & eventMaskRefresh) == 0) {
+    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(eventMaskRefresh) & eventMaskRefresh) == 0) {
         mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(MessageQueue::REFRESH));
     }
 }
 
 void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp) {
-    if ((android_atomic_or(eventMaskInvalidate, &mEventMask) & eventMaskInvalidate) == 0) {
+    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(eventMaskInvalidate) & eventMaskInvalidate) == 0) {
         mVsyncId = vsyncId;
         mExpectedVSyncTime = expectedVSyncTimestamp;
         mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE));
     }
 }
 
+bool MessageQueue::Handler::invalidatePending() {
+    constexpr auto pendingMask = eventMaskInvalidate | eventMaskRefresh;
+    return (mEventMask.load() & pendingMask) != 0;
+}
+
 void MessageQueue::Handler::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
     switch (message.what) {
         case INVALIDATE:
-            android_atomic_and(~eventMaskInvalidate, &mEventMask);
+            mEventMask.fetch_and(~eventMaskInvalidate);
             mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what, mVsyncId, mExpectedVSyncTime);
             break;
         case REFRESH:
-            android_atomic_and(~eventMaskRefresh, &mEventMask);
+            mEventMask.fetch_and(~eventMaskRefresh);
             mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what, mVsyncId, mExpectedVSyncTime);
             break;
     }
@@ -106,7 +110,7 @@
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
         mVsync.lastCallbackTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncTime);
-        mVsync.mScheduled = false;
+        mVsync.scheduled = false;
     }
     mHandler->dispatchInvalidate(mVsync.tokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions(
                                          {targetWakeupTime, readyTime, vsyncTime}),
@@ -131,9 +135,10 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
     mVsync.workDuration = workDuration;
-    if (mVsync.mScheduled) {
-        mVsync.registration->schedule({mVsync.workDuration.get().count(), /*readyDuration=*/0,
-                                       mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
+    if (mVsync.scheduled) {
+        mVsync.expectedWakeupTime = mVsync.registration->schedule(
+                {mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
+                 /*readyDuration=*/0, mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
     }
 }
 
@@ -176,10 +181,11 @@
     }
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
-    mVsync.mScheduled = true;
-    mVsync.registration->schedule({.workDuration = mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
-                                   .readyDuration = 0,
-                                   .earliestVsync = mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
+    mVsync.scheduled = true;
+    mVsync.expectedWakeupTime =
+            mVsync.registration->schedule({.workDuration = mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
+                                           .readyDuration = 0,
+                                           .earliestVsync = mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
 }
 
 void MessageQueue::refresh() {
@@ -200,4 +206,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> MessageQueue::nextExpectedInvalidate() {
+    if (mHandler->invalidatePending()) {
+        return std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
+    if (mVsync.scheduled) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mVsync.expectedWakeupTime.has_value(), "callback was never scheduled");
+        const auto expectedWakeupTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(*mVsync.expectedWakeupTime);
+        return std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point>(expectedWakeupTime);
+    }
+
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
 } // namespace android::impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
index 2934af0..58ce9b9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
     virtual void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&&) = 0;
     virtual void invalidate() = 0;
     virtual void refresh() = 0;
+    virtual std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextExpectedInvalidate() = 0;
 };
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -81,9 +82,13 @@
 class MessageQueue : public android::MessageQueue {
 protected:
     class Handler : public MessageHandler {
-        enum { eventMaskInvalidate = 0x1, eventMaskRefresh = 0x2, eventMaskTransaction = 0x4 };
+        enum : uint32_t {
+            eventMaskInvalidate = 0x1,
+            eventMaskRefresh = 0x2,
+            eventMaskTransaction = 0x4
+        };
         MessageQueue& mQueue;
-        int32_t mEventMask;
+        std::atomic<uint32_t> mEventMask;
         std::atomic<int64_t> mVsyncId;
         std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedVSyncTime;
 
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@
         void handleMessage(const Message& message) override;
         virtual void dispatchRefresh();
         virtual void dispatchInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp);
+        virtual bool invalidatePending();
     };
 
     friend class Handler;
@@ -107,7 +113,8 @@
         TracedOrdinal<std::chrono::nanoseconds> workDuration
                 GUARDED_BY(mutex) = {"VsyncWorkDuration-sf", std::chrono::nanoseconds(0)};
         std::chrono::nanoseconds lastCallbackTime GUARDED_BY(mutex) = std::chrono::nanoseconds{0};
-        bool mScheduled GUARDED_BY(mutex) = false;
+        bool scheduled GUARDED_BY(mutex) = false;
+        std::optional<nsecs_t> expectedWakeupTime GUARDED_BY(mutex);
         TracedOrdinal<int> value = {"VSYNC-sf", 0};
     };
 
@@ -141,6 +148,8 @@
 
     // sends REFRESH message at next VSYNC
     void refresh() override;
+
+    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextExpectedInvalidate() override;
 };
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
index 9d71103..b52706f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <functional>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "StrongTyping.h"
@@ -26,7 +28,8 @@
 class TimeKeeper;
 class VSyncTracker;
 
-enum class ScheduleResult { Scheduled, CannotSchedule, Error };
+using ScheduleResult = std::optional<nsecs_t>;
+
 enum class CancelResult { Cancelled, TooLate, Error };
 
 /*
@@ -121,11 +124,8 @@
      *
      * \param [in] token           The callback to schedule.
      * \param [in] scheduleTiming  The timing information for this schedule call
-     * \return                     A ScheduleResult::Scheduled if callback was scheduled.
-     *                             A ScheduleResult::CannotSchedule
-     *                             if (workDuration + readyDuration - earliestVsync) is in the past,
-     * or if a callback was dispatched for the predictedVsync already. A ScheduleResult::Error if
-     * there was another error.
+     * \return                     The expected callback time if a callback was scheduled.
+     *                             std::nullopt if the callback is not registered.
      */
     virtual ScheduleResult schedule(CallbackToken token, ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
index ca6ea27..28be962 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,20 @@
 namespace android::scheduler {
 using base::StringAppendF;
 
+namespace {
+nsecs_t getExpectedCallbackTime(nsecs_t nextVsyncTime,
+                                const VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming& timing) {
+    return nextVsyncTime - timing.readyDuration - timing.workDuration;
+}
+
+nsecs_t getExpectedCallbackTime(VSyncTracker& tracker, nsecs_t now,
+                                const VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming& timing) {
+    const auto nextVsyncTime = tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(
+            std::max(timing.earliestVsync, now + timing.workDuration + timing.readyDuration));
+    return getExpectedCallbackTime(nextVsyncTime, timing);
+}
+} // namespace
+
 VSyncDispatch::~VSyncDispatch() = default;
 VSyncTracker::~VSyncTracker() = default;
 TimeKeeper::~TimeKeeper() = default;
@@ -74,7 +88,7 @@
     bool const wouldSkipAVsyncTarget =
             mArmedInfo && (nextVsyncTime > (mArmedInfo->mActualVsyncTime + mMinVsyncDistance));
     if (wouldSkipAVsyncTarget) {
-        return ScheduleResult::Scheduled;
+        return getExpectedCallbackTime(nextVsyncTime, timing);
     }
 
     bool const alreadyDispatchedForVsync = mLastDispatchTime &&
@@ -89,7 +103,7 @@
     auto const nextReadyTime = nextVsyncTime - timing.readyDuration;
     mScheduleTiming = timing;
     mArmedInfo = {nextWakeupTime, nextVsyncTime, nextReadyTime};
-    return ScheduleResult::Scheduled;
+    return getExpectedCallbackTime(nextVsyncTime, timing);
 }
 
 void VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry::addPendingWorkloadUpdate(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming timing) {
@@ -317,7 +331,7 @@
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::schedule(CallbackToken token,
                                                  ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
-    auto result = ScheduleResult::Error;
+    ScheduleResult result;
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
 
@@ -333,11 +347,11 @@
         auto const rearmImminent = now > mIntendedWakeupTime;
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(rearmImminent)) {
             callback->addPendingWorkloadUpdate(scheduleTiming);
-            return ScheduleResult::Scheduled;
+            return getExpectedCallbackTime(mTracker, now, scheduleTiming);
         }
 
         result = callback->schedule(scheduleTiming, mTracker, now);
-        if (result == ScheduleResult::CannotSchedule) {
+        if (!result.has_value()) {
             return result;
         }
 
@@ -416,7 +430,7 @@
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::schedule(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
     if (!mValidToken) {
-        return ScheduleResult::Error;
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
     return mDispatch.get().schedule(mToken, scheduleTiming);
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 4a007ff..a5b7107 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1720,11 +1720,11 @@
 }
 
 SurfaceFlinger::FenceWithFenceTime SurfaceFlinger::previousFrameFence() {
-    // We are storing the last 2 present fences. If sf's phase offset is to be
-    // woken up before the actual vsync but targeting the next vsync, we need to check
-    // fence N-2
-    return mVsyncModulator->getVsyncConfig().sfOffset > 0 ? mPreviousPresentFences[0]
-                                                          : mPreviousPresentFences[1];
+    const auto now = systemTime();
+    const auto vsyncPeriod = mScheduler->getDisplayStatInfo(now).vsyncPeriod;
+    const bool expectedPresentTimeIsTheNextVsync = mExpectedPresentTime - now <= vsyncPeriod;
+    return expectedPresentTimeIsTheNextVsync ? mPreviousPresentFences[0]
+                                             : mPreviousPresentFences[1];
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::previousFramePending(int graceTimeMs) {
@@ -1920,6 +1920,7 @@
         mRefreshPending = true;
         onMessageRefresh();
     }
+    notifyRegionSamplingThread();
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::handleMessageTransaction() {
@@ -2312,10 +2313,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (mLumaSampling && mRegionSamplingThread) {
-        mRegionSamplingThread->notifyNewContent();
-    }
-
     // Even though ATRACE_INT64 already checks if tracing is enabled, it doesn't prevent the
     // side-effect of getTotalSize(), so we check that again here
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
@@ -3068,8 +3065,7 @@
                            configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
 
     mRegionSamplingThread =
-            new RegionSamplingThread(*this, *mScheduler,
-                                     RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
+            new RegionSamplingThread(*this, RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
     mFpsReporter = new FpsReporter(*mFrameTimeline, *this);
     // Dispatch a mode change request for the primary display on scheduler
     // initialization, so that the EventThreads always contain a reference to a
@@ -6450,13 +6446,17 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onLayerFirstRef(Layer* layer) {
     mNumLayers++;
-    mScheduler->registerLayer(layer);
+    if (!layer->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
+        mScheduler->registerLayer(layer);
+    }
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onLayerDestroyed(Layer* layer) {
-    mScheduler->deregisterLayer(layer);
     mNumLayers--;
     removeFromOffscreenLayers(layer);
+    if (!layer->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
+        mScheduler->deregisterLayer(layer);
+    }
 }
 
 // WARNING: ONLY CALL THIS FROM LAYER DTOR
@@ -6765,6 +6765,19 @@
 
     return layer;
 }
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleRegionSamplingThread() {
+    static_cast<void>(schedule([&] { notifyRegionSamplingThread(); }));
+}
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::notifyRegionSamplingThread() {
+    if (!mLumaSampling || !mRegionSamplingThread) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mRegionSamplingThread->onCompositionComplete(mEventQueue->nextExpectedInvalidate());
+}
+
 } // namespace android
 
 #if defined(__gl_h_)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index da874b6..cb8d312 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -1433,6 +1433,9 @@
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     std::atomic<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> mDefaultDisplayTransformHint;
+
+    void scheduleRegionSamplingThread();
+    void notifyRegionSamplingThread();
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
index 10d58a6..d6a0787 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
@@ -351,12 +351,16 @@
             std::max(mTimeStats.displayEventConnectionsCountLegacy, count);
 }
 
+static int32_t toMs(nsecs_t nanos) {
+    int64_t millis =
+            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(std::chrono::nanoseconds(nanos))
+                    .count();
+    millis = std::clamp(millis, int64_t(INT32_MIN), int64_t(INT32_MAX));
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(millis);
+}
+
 static int32_t msBetween(nsecs_t start, nsecs_t end) {
-    int64_t delta = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
-                            std::chrono::nanoseconds(end - start))
-                            .count();
-    delta = std::clamp(delta, int64_t(INT32_MIN), int64_t(INT32_MAX));
-    return static_cast<int32_t>(delta);
+    return toMs(end - start);
 }
 
 void TimeStats::recordFrameDuration(nsecs_t startTime, nsecs_t endTime) {
@@ -829,10 +833,9 @@
         // TimeStats Histograms only retain positive values, so we don't need to check if these
         // deadlines were really missed if we know that the frame had jank, since deadlines
         // that were met will be dropped.
-        timelineStats.displayDeadlineDeltas.insert(static_cast<int32_t>(info.displayDeadlineDelta));
-        timelineStats.displayPresentDeltas.insert(static_cast<int32_t>(info.displayPresentJitter));
-        timeStatsLayer.deltas["appDeadlineDeltas"].insert(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(info.appDeadlineDelta));
+        timelineStats.displayDeadlineDeltas.insert(toMs(info.displayDeadlineDelta));
+        timelineStats.displayPresentDeltas.insert(toMs(info.displayPresentJitter));
+        timeStatsLayer.deltas["appDeadlineDeltas"].insert(toMs(info.appDeadlineDelta));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
index 2828d61..43d957c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
@@ -273,6 +273,198 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCornerRadiusBufferRotationTransform) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> parent;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            parent = LayerTransactionTest::createLayer("parent", 0, 0,
+                                                       ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect));
+
+    const uint32_t bufferWidth = 1500;
+    const uint32_t bufferHeight = 300;
+
+    const uint32_t layerWidth = 300;
+    const uint32_t layerHeight = 1500;
+
+    const uint32_t testArea = 4;
+    const float cornerRadius = 120.0f;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", bufferWidth, bufferHeight));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, bufferWidth, bufferHeight));
+
+    Transaction()
+            .reparent(layer, parent)
+            .setColor(parent, half3(0, 1, 0))
+            .setCrop(parent, Rect(0, 0, layerWidth, layerHeight))
+            .setCornerRadius(parent, cornerRadius)
+
+            .setTransform(layer, ui::Transform::ROT_90)
+            .setDestinationFrame(layer, Rect(0, 0, layerWidth, layerHeight))
+            .apply();
+    {
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        // Corners are transparent
+        // top-left
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, testArea, testArea), Color::BLACK);
+        // top-right
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - testArea, 0, layerWidth, testArea), Color::BLACK);
+        // bottom-left
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, layerHeight - testArea, testArea, layerHeight), Color::BLACK);
+        // bottom-right
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - testArea, layerHeight - testArea, layerWidth,
+                               layerHeight),
+                          Color::BLACK);
+
+        // Area after corner radius is solid
+        // top-left to top-right under the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, cornerRadius, layerWidth, cornerRadius + testArea), Color::RED);
+        // bottom-left to bottom-right above the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, layerHeight - cornerRadius - testArea, layerWidth,
+                               layerHeight - cornerRadius),
+                          Color::RED);
+        // left side after the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(cornerRadius, 0, cornerRadius + testArea, layerHeight), Color::RED);
+        // right side before the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - cornerRadius - testArea, 0, layerWidth - cornerRadius,
+                               layerHeight),
+                          Color::RED);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCornerRadiusBufferCropTransform) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> parent;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            parent = LayerTransactionTest::createLayer("parent", 0, 0,
+                                                       ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect));
+
+    const uint32_t bufferWidth = 150 * 2;
+    const uint32_t bufferHeight = 750 * 2;
+
+    const Rect bufferCrop(0, 0, 150, 750);
+
+    const uint32_t layerWidth = 300;
+    const uint32_t layerHeight = 1500;
+
+    const uint32_t testArea = 4;
+    const float cornerRadius = 120.0f;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", bufferWidth, bufferHeight));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerQuadrant(layer, bufferWidth, bufferHeight, Color::RED,
+                                              Color::BLACK, Color::GREEN, Color::BLUE));
+
+    Transaction()
+            .reparent(layer, parent)
+            .setColor(parent, half3(0, 1, 0))
+            .setCrop(parent, Rect(0, 0, layerWidth, layerHeight))
+            .setCornerRadius(parent, cornerRadius)
+
+            .setBufferCrop(layer, bufferCrop)
+            .setDestinationFrame(layer, Rect(0, 0, layerWidth, layerHeight))
+            .apply();
+    {
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        // Corners are transparent
+        // top-left
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, testArea, testArea), Color::BLACK);
+        // top-right
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - testArea, 0, layerWidth, testArea), Color::BLACK);
+        // bottom-left
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, layerHeight - testArea, testArea, layerHeight), Color::BLACK);
+        // bottom-right
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - testArea, layerHeight - testArea, layerWidth,
+                               layerHeight),
+                          Color::BLACK);
+
+        // Area after corner radius is solid
+        // since the buffer is scaled, there will blending so adjust some of the bounds when
+        // checking.
+        float adjustedCornerRadius = cornerRadius + 15;
+        float adjustedLayerHeight = layerHeight - 15;
+        float adjustedLayerWidth = layerWidth - 15;
+
+        // top-left to top-right under the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(15, adjustedCornerRadius, adjustedLayerWidth,
+                               adjustedCornerRadius + testArea),
+                          Color::RED);
+        // bottom-left to bottom-right above the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(15, adjustedLayerHeight - adjustedCornerRadius - testArea,
+                               adjustedLayerWidth, adjustedLayerHeight - adjustedCornerRadius),
+                          Color::RED);
+        // left side after the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(adjustedCornerRadius, 15, adjustedCornerRadius + testArea,
+                               adjustedLayerHeight),
+                          Color::RED);
+        // right side before the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(adjustedLayerWidth - adjustedCornerRadius - testArea, 15,
+                               adjustedLayerWidth - adjustedCornerRadius, adjustedLayerHeight),
+                          Color::RED);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetCornerRadiusChildBufferRotationTransform) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> parent;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            parent = LayerTransactionTest::createLayer("parent", 0, 0,
+                                                       ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect));
+
+    const uint32_t bufferWidth = 1500;
+    const uint32_t bufferHeight = 300;
+
+    const uint32_t layerWidth = 300;
+    const uint32_t layerHeight = 1500;
+
+    const uint32_t testArea = 4;
+    const float cornerRadius = 120.0f;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", bufferWidth, bufferHeight));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerColor(layer, Color::BLUE, bufferWidth, bufferHeight));
+
+    sp<SurfaceControl> child;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(child = createLayer("child", bufferWidth, bufferHeight));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerColor(child, Color::RED, bufferWidth, bufferHeight));
+
+    Transaction()
+            .reparent(layer, parent)
+            .reparent(child, layer)
+            .setColor(parent, half3(0, 1, 0))
+            .setCrop(parent, Rect(0, 0, layerWidth, layerHeight))
+            .setCornerRadius(parent, cornerRadius) /* */
+
+            .setTransform(layer, ui::Transform::ROT_90)
+            .setDestinationFrame(layer, Rect(0, 0, layerWidth, layerHeight))
+
+            .setTransform(child, ui::Transform::ROT_90)
+            .setDestinationFrame(child, Rect(0, 0, layerWidth, layerHeight))
+            .apply();
+    {
+        auto shot = getScreenCapture();
+        // Corners are transparent
+        // top-left
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, testArea, testArea), Color::BLACK);
+        // top-right
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - testArea, 0, layerWidth, testArea), Color::BLACK);
+        // bottom-left
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, layerHeight - testArea, testArea, layerHeight), Color::BLACK);
+        // bottom-right
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - testArea, layerHeight - testArea, layerWidth,
+                               layerHeight),
+                          Color::BLACK);
+
+        // Area after corner radius is solid
+        // top-left to top-right under the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, cornerRadius, layerWidth, cornerRadius + testArea), Color::RED);
+        // bottom-left to bottom-right above the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(0, layerHeight - cornerRadius - testArea, layerWidth,
+                               layerHeight - cornerRadius),
+                          Color::RED);
+        // left side after the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(cornerRadius, 0, cornerRadius + testArea, layerHeight), Color::RED);
+        // right side before the corner
+        shot->expectColor(Rect(layerWidth - cornerRadius - testArea, 0, layerWidth - cornerRadius,
+                               layerHeight),
+                          Color::RED);
+    }
+}
+
 TEST_P(LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransactionTest, SetBackgroundBlurRadiusSimple) {
     if (!deviceSupportsBlurs()) GTEST_SKIP();
     if (!deviceUsesSkiaRenderEngine()) GTEST_SKIP();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 88fb811..b33434e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
         "VSyncReactorTest.cpp",
         "VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp",
         "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.cpp",
+        "mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.cpp",
         "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.cpp",
         "mock/MockEventThread.cpp",
         "mock/MockFrameTimeline.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
index 54f4c7c..a9ad249 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
             ALOGD("schedule: %zu", token.value());
             if (mCallbacks.count(token) == 0) {
                 ALOGD("schedule: callback %zu not registered", token.value());
-                return scheduler::ScheduleResult::Error;
+                return scheduler::ScheduleResult{};
             }
 
             auto& callback = mCallbacks.at(token);
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
             callback.targetWakeupTime =
                     timing.earliestVsync - timing.workDuration - timing.readyDuration;
             ALOGD("schedule: callback %zu scheduled", token.value());
-            return scheduler::ScheduleResult::Scheduled;
+            return scheduler::ScheduleResult{callback.targetWakeupTime};
         });
 
         ON_CALL(*this, cancel).WillByDefault([this](CallbackToken token) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
index 6b82170..cbf8cc2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h"
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
@@ -120,13 +121,19 @@
     static constexpr hal::HWLayerId kLayerId = static_cast<hal::HWLayerId>(1002);
 
     HWComposerLayerTest(const std::unordered_set<hal::Capability>& capabilities)
-          : mCapabilies(capabilities) {}
+          : mCapabilies(capabilities) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, getId()).WillRepeatedly(Return(kDisplayId));
+    }
 
-    ~HWComposerLayerTest() override { EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, destroyLayer(kDisplayId, kLayerId)); }
+    ~HWComposerLayerTest() override {
+        EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, onLayerDestroyed(kLayerId));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, destroyLayer(kDisplayId, kLayerId));
+    }
 
     std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::mock::Composer> mHal{new StrictMock<Hwc2::mock::Composer>()};
     const std::unordered_set<hal::Capability> mCapabilies;
-    HWC2::impl::Layer mLayer{*mHal, mCapabilies, kDisplayId, kLayerId};
+    StrictMock<HWC2::mock::Display> mDisplay;
+    HWC2::impl::Layer mLayer{*mHal, mCapabilies, mDisplay, kLayerId};
 };
 
 struct HWComposerLayerGenericMetadataTest : public HWComposerLayerTest {
@@ -176,4 +183,4 @@
 }
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
index 325fb8f..d6ce5e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
     constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
     constexpr auto kExpectedPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
-    constexpr auto kSmallPeriod = Fps(150.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    constexpr auto kSmallPeriod = Fps(250.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumIterations = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumIterations; i++) {
         frameTimes.push_back(FrameTimeData{.presentTime = kExpectedPeriod * i,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
index 8208b3f..dbd51fe 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
@@ -104,8 +104,12 @@
     const auto timing = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateTwice) {
@@ -114,11 +118,15 @@
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(4567));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4567, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateTwiceWithCallback) {
@@ -127,8 +135,10 @@
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
 
     const auto startTime = 100;
     const auto endTime = startTime + mDuration.count();
@@ -141,12 +151,14 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHandler, dispatchInvalidate(vsyncId, presentTime)).Times(1);
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.triggerVsyncCallback(presentTime, startTime, endTime));
 
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+
     const auto timingAfterCallback =
             scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                      .readyDuration = 0,
                                                      .earliestVsync = presentTime};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timingAfterCallback)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timingAfterCallback)).WillOnce(Return(0));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +170,7 @@
                                                      .readyDuration = 0,
                                                      .earliestVsync = 0};
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(0));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
index 0b70f27..7ace70a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
@@ -1450,12 +1450,12 @@
                                                .seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless,
                                                .weight = 1.0f,
                                                .focused = true}};
-    auto& seamedLayer = layers[0];
 
     ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50,
               refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
                       .getModeId());
 
+    auto& seamedLayer = layers[0];
     seamedLayer.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault", seamedLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30);
 
@@ -1464,6 +1464,27 @@
                       .getModeId());
 }
 
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, minLayersDontTrigerSeamedSwitch) {
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90DeviceWithDifferentGroups,
+                                                 /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
+
+    // Allow group switching.
+    RefreshRateConfigs::Policy policy;
+    policy.defaultMode = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
+    policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
+
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.name = "Min",
+                                                                 .vote = LayerVoteType::Min,
+                                                                 .weight = 1.f,
+                                                                 .focused = true}};
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
+                      .getModeId());
+}
+
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, primaryVsAppRequestPolicy) {
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_90Device,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
index ff53a7b..3e4e130 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
@@ -1011,6 +1011,9 @@
     constexpr size_t MISSED_FRAMES = 4;
     constexpr size_t CLIENT_COMPOSITION_FRAMES = 3;
     constexpr size_t DISPLAY_EVENT_CONNECTIONS = 14;
+    constexpr nsecs_t DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA = 1'000'000;
+    constexpr nsecs_t DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER = 2'000'000;
+    constexpr nsecs_t APP_DEADLINE_DELTA = 3'000'000;
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(inputCommand(InputCommand::ENABLE, FMT_STRING).empty());
 
@@ -1036,24 +1039,35 @@
     mTimeStats->setPresentFenceGlobal(std::make_shared<FenceTime>(5000000));
 
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerCpuDeadlineMissed, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerCpuDeadlineMissed,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerGpuDeadlineMissed, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerGpuDeadlineMissed,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::DisplayHAL, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::DisplayHAL, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerScheduling, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerScheduling, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::PredictionError, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::PredictionError, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed | JankType::BufferStuffing, 1, 2,
-                                      3});
+                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed | JankType::BufferStuffing,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::BufferStuffing, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::BufferStuffing, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::None, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::None, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA});
 
     std::string pulledData;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mTimeStats->onPullAtom(10062 /*SURFACEFLINGER_STATS_GLOBAL_INFO*/, &pulledData));
@@ -1137,6 +1151,10 @@
 TEST_F(TimeStatsTest, layerStatsCallback_pullsAllAndClears) {
     constexpr size_t LATE_ACQUIRE_FRAMES = 2;
     constexpr size_t BAD_DESIRED_PRESENT_FRAMES = 3;
+    constexpr nsecs_t DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA = 1'000'000;
+    constexpr nsecs_t DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER = 2'000'000;
+    constexpr nsecs_t APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS = 2'000'000;
+    constexpr nsecs_t APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS = 3'000'000;
     EXPECT_TRUE(inputCommand(InputCommand::ENABLE, FMT_STRING).empty());
 
     insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 1, 1000000);
@@ -1155,22 +1173,32 @@
     insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 2, 2000000, frameRate60);
 
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerCpuDeadlineMissed, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerCpuDeadlineMissed,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerGpuDeadlineMissed, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerGpuDeadlineMissed,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::DisplayHAL, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::DisplayHAL, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerScheduling, 1, 2, 2});
+                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerScheduling, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::PredictionError, 1, 2, 2});
+                                      JankType::PredictionError, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed | JankType::BufferStuffing, 1, 2,
-                                      2});
+                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed | JankType::BufferStuffing,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      JankType::None, 1, 2, 3});
+                                      JankType::None, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
 
     std::string pulledData;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mTimeStats->onPullAtom(10063 /*SURFACEFLINGER_STATS_LAYER_INFO*/, &pulledData));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
index b64cce9..d59d64b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
@@ -232,11 +232,12 @@
         VSyncDispatchTimerQueue mDispatch{createTimeKeeper(), mStubTracker, mDispatchGroupThreshold,
                                           mVsyncMoveThreshold};
         CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                     {.workDuration = 100,
-                                      .readyDuration = 0,
-                                      .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-                  ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+        const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                               {.workDuration = 100,
+                                                .readyDuration = 0,
+                                                .earliestVsync = 1000});
+        EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+        EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
     }
 }
 
@@ -245,11 +246,13 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 900));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100,
-                                  .readyDuration = 0,
-                                  .earliestVsync = intended}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                           {.workDuration = 100,
+                                            .readyDuration = 0,
+                                            .earliestVsync = intended});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
+
     advanceToNextCallback();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
@@ -277,11 +280,12 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, mPeriod));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = workDuration,
-                                  .readyDuration = 0,
-                                  .earliestVsync = mPeriod}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                           {.workDuration = workDuration,
+                                            .readyDuration = 0,
+                                            .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod, *result);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, basicAlarmCancel) {
@@ -289,11 +293,11 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel());
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100,
-                                  .readyDuration = 0,
-                                  .earliestVsync = mPeriod}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    const auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
     EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb), CancelResult::Cancelled);
 }
 
@@ -302,11 +306,11 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel());
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100,
-                                  .readyDuration = 0,
-                                  .earliestVsync = mPeriod}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    const auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(950);
     EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb), CancelResult::TooLate);
 }
@@ -316,11 +320,11 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel());
 
     PausingCallback cb(mDispatch, std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(1s));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100,
-                                  .readyDuration = 0,
-                                  .earliestVsync = mPeriod}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    const auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
 
     std::thread pausingThread([&] { mMockClock.advanceToNextCallback(); });
     EXPECT_TRUE(cb.waitForPause());
@@ -337,11 +341,11 @@
 
     PausingCallback cb(mDispatch, 50ms);
     cb.stashResource(resource);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100,
-                                  .readyDuration = 0,
-                                  .earliestVsync = mPeriod}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    const auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = mPeriod});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod - 100, *result);
 
     std::thread pausingThread([&] { mMockClock.advanceToNextCallback(); });
     EXPECT_TRUE(cb.waitForPause());
@@ -535,21 +539,25 @@
     std::optional<nsecs_t> lastTarget;
     tmp = mDispatch.registerCallback(
             [&](auto timestamp, auto, auto) {
-                EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
-                                             {.workDuration = 400,
-                                              .readyDuration = 0,
-                                              .earliestVsync = timestamp - mVsyncMoveThreshold}),
-                          ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
-                EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
-                                             {.workDuration = 400,
-                                              .readyDuration = 0,
-                                              .earliestVsync = timestamp}),
-                          ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
-                EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
-                                             {.workDuration = 400,
-                                              .readyDuration = 0,
-                                              .earliestVsync = timestamp + mVsyncMoveThreshold}),
-                          ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+                auto result =
+                        mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
+                                           {.workDuration = 400,
+                                            .readyDuration = 0,
+                                            .earliestVsync = timestamp - mVsyncMoveThreshold});
+                EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod + timestamp - 400, *result);
+                result = mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
+                                            {.workDuration = 400,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = timestamp});
+                EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod + timestamp - 400, *result);
+                result = mDispatch.schedule(tmp,
+                                            {.workDuration = 400,
+                                             .readyDuration = 0,
+                                             .earliestVsync = timestamp + mVsyncMoveThreshold});
+                EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+                EXPECT_EQ(mPeriod + timestamp - 400, *result);
                 lastTarget = timestamp;
             },
             "oo");
@@ -627,36 +635,41 @@
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, makingUpIdsError) {
     VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken token(100);
-    EXPECT_THAT(mDispatch.schedule(token,
-                                   {.workDuration = 100,
-                                    .readyDuration = 0,
-                                    .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mDispatch
+                         .schedule(token,
+                                   {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000})
+                         .has_value());
     EXPECT_THAT(mDispatch.cancel(token), Eq(CancelResult::Error));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, canMoveCallbackBackwardsInTime) {
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                 {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
+                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
+                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
 }
 
 // b/1450138150
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, doesNotMoveCallbackBackwardsAndSkipAScheduledTargetVSync) {
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 500));
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(400);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 800, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 800, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1200, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
     ASSERT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
 }
@@ -667,24 +680,30 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(1000))
             .WillOnce(Return(1002));
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(400);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(602, *result);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, canScheduleNegativeOffsetAgainstDifferentPeriods) {
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                 {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
+                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                 {.workDuration = 1100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
+                                {.workDuration = 1100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, canScheduleLargeNegativeOffset) {
@@ -692,26 +711,32 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 500)).InSequence(seq);
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 1100)).InSequence(seq);
     CountingCallback cb0(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                 {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
+                               {.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(500, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
-                                 {.workDuration = 1900, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb0,
+                                {.workDuration = 1900, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1100, *result);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, scheduleUpdatesDoesNotAffectSchedulingState) {
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 600));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 1400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 1400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
     advanceToNextCallback();
 }
@@ -754,16 +779,19 @@
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
+                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
+                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1900, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(80);
 
     EXPECT_THAT(cb1.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
@@ -779,16 +807,19 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 1630)).InSequence(seq);
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 370, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                {.workDuration = 370, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1630, *result);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(80);
 
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
@@ -802,12 +833,15 @@
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
+                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
+                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1900, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
@@ -828,12 +862,15 @@
     CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
     CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                 {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
+                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
+                                {.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 2000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1900, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
@@ -861,12 +898,15 @@
             .InSequence(seq)
             .WillOnce(Return(1000));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
-                                 {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
-                                 {.workDuration = 390, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    auto result =
+            mDispatch.schedule(cb1,
+                               {.workDuration = 400, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(600, *result);
+    result = mDispatch.schedule(cb2,
+                                {.workDuration = 390, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1000});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(610, *result);
 
     mMockClock.setLag(100);
     mMockClock.advanceBy(700);
@@ -886,11 +926,12 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 900));
 
     CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb,
-                                 {.workDuration = 70,
-                                  .readyDuration = 30,
-                                  .earliestVsync = intended}),
-              ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    const auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                           {.workDuration = 70,
+                                            .readyDuration = 30,
+                                            .earliestVsync = intended});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
     advanceToNextCallback();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
@@ -922,9 +963,9 @@
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.wakeupTime());
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
     EXPECT_THAT(*wakeup, Eq(900));
@@ -944,9 +985,9 @@
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.wakeupTime());
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 994},
-                               mStubTracker, now),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 500, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 994},
+                               mStubTracker, now)
+                        .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
     EXPECT_THAT(*wakeup, Eq(9500));
@@ -967,9 +1008,9 @@
             },
             mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
     EXPECT_THAT(*wakeup, Eq(900));
@@ -1002,9 +1043,9 @@
     entry.update(mStubTracker, 0);
     EXPECT_FALSE(entry.wakeupTime());
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     auto wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
     EXPECT_THAT(wakeup, Eq(900));
@@ -1018,9 +1059,9 @@
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntryTest, skipsUpdateIfJustScheduled) {
     VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry entry(
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     entry.update(mStubTracker, 0);
 
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
@@ -1031,26 +1072,26 @@
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntryTest, willSnapToNextTargettableVSync) {
     VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry entry(
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     entry.executing(); // 1000 is executing
     // had 1000 not been executing, this could have been scheduled for time 800.
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.wakeupTime(), Eq(1800));
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.readyTime(), Eq(2000));
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.wakeupTime(), Eq(1950));
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.readyTime(), Eq(2000));
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1001},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 1001},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.wakeupTime(), Eq(1800));
     EXPECT_THAT(*entry.readyTime(), Eq(2000));
 }
@@ -1071,32 +1112,32 @@
             .InSequence(seq)
             .WillOnce(Return(2000));
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
 
     entry.executing(); // 1000 is executing
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntryTest, reportsScheduledIfStillTime) {
     VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntry entry(
             "test", [](auto, auto, auto) {}, mVsyncMoveThreshold);
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 1200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 100, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 50, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 1200, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntryTest, storesPendingUpdatesUntilUpdate) {
@@ -1128,9 +1169,9 @@
             },
             mVsyncMoveThreshold);
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 70, .readyDuration = 30, .earliestVsync = 500},
-                               mStubTracker, 0),
-                Eq(ScheduleResult::Scheduled));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(entry.schedule({.workDuration = 70, .readyDuration = 30, .earliestVsync = 500},
+                               mStubTracker, 0)
+                        .has_value());
     auto const wakeup = entry.wakeupTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(wakeup);
     EXPECT_THAT(*wakeup, Eq(900));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2647bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "MockHWC2"
+
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h"
+
+namespace android::HWC2::mock {
+
+// Explicit default instantiation is recommended.
+Display::Display() = default;
+Display::~Display() = default;
+
+Layer::Layer() = default;
+Layer::~Layer() = default;
+
+} // namespace android::HWC2::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3919d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
+
+namespace android::HWC2::mock {
+
+class Display : public HWC2::Display {
+public:
+    Display();
+    ~Display() override;
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::HWDisplayId, getId, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isConnected, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setConnected, (bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(const std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability> &, getCapabilities, (),
+                (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onLayerDestroyed, (hal::HWLayerId), (override));
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, acceptChanges, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD((base::expected<std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer>, hal::Error>), createLayer, (),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getChangedCompositionTypes,
+                ((std::unordered_map<Layer *, hal::Composition> *)), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getColorModes, (std::vector<hal::ColorMode> *), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int32_t, getSupportedPerFrameMetadata, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getRenderIntents, (hal::ColorMode, std::vector<hal::RenderIntent> *),
+                (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getDataspaceSaturationMatrix, (hal::Dataspace, android::mat4 *),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getName, (std::string *), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getRequests,
+                (hal::DisplayRequest *, (std::unordered_map<Layer *, hal::LayerRequest> *)),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getConnectionType, (ui::DisplayConnectionType *), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, supportsDoze, (bool *), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getHdrCapabilities, (android::HdrCapabilities *), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes,
+                (hal::PixelFormat *, hal::Dataspace *, uint8_t *), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled, (bool, uint8_t, uint64_t),
+                (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getDisplayedContentSample,
+                (uint64_t, uint64_t, android::DisplayedFrameStats *), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getReleaseFences,
+                ((std::unordered_map<Layer *, android::sp<android::Fence>> *)), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, present, (android::sp<android::Fence> *), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setClientTarget,
+                (uint32_t, const android::sp<android::GraphicBuffer> &,
+                 const android::sp<android::Fence> &, hal::Dataspace),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setColorMode, (hal::ColorMode, hal::RenderIntent), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setColorTransform, (const android::mat4 &, hal::ColorTransform),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setOutputBuffer,
+                (const android::sp<android::GraphicBuffer> &, const android::sp<android::Fence> &),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setPowerMode, (hal::PowerMode), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setVsyncEnabled, (hal::Vsync), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, validate, (uint32_t *, uint32_t *), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, presentOrValidate,
+                (uint32_t *, uint32_t *, android::sp<android::Fence> *, uint32_t *), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::future<hal::Error>, setDisplayBrightness, (float), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setActiveConfigWithConstraints,
+                (hal::HWConfigId, const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints &,
+                 hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline *),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setAutoLowLatencyMode, (bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getSupportedContentTypes, (std::vector<hal::ContentType> *),
+                (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setContentType, (hal::ContentType), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, getClientTargetProperty, (hal::ClientTargetProperty *), (override));
+};
+
+class Layer : public HWC2::Layer {
+public:
+    Layer();
+    ~Layer() override;
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::HWLayerId, getId, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setCursorPosition, (int32_t, int32_t), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setBuffer,
+                (uint32_t, const android::sp<android::GraphicBuffer> &,
+                 const android::sp<android::Fence> &),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setSurfaceDamage, (const android::Region &), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setBlendMode, (hal::BlendMode), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setColor, (hal::Color), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setCompositionType, (hal::Composition), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setDataspace, (android::ui::Dataspace), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setPerFrameMetadata, (const int32_t, const android::HdrMetadata &),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setDisplayFrame, (const android::Rect &), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setPlaneAlpha, (float), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setSidebandStream, (const native_handle_t *), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setSourceCrop, (const android::FloatRect &), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setTransform, (hal::Transform), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setVisibleRegion, (const android::Region &), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setZOrder, (uint32_t), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setColorTransform, (const android::mat4 &), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::Error, setLayerGenericMetadata,
+                (const std::string &, bool, const std::vector<uint8_t> &), (override));
+};
+
+} // namespace android::HWC2::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
index 453c93a..0e7b320 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
                  void(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                       std::chrono::nanoseconds));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setDuration, void(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration));
+    MOCK_METHOD0(nextExpectedInvalidate, std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point>());
 };
 
 } // namespace android::mock