Merge changes Ibbe27ced,I8f9704c5

* changes:
  inputflinger_tests: Put `FakeInputReaderPolicy` in its own file
  inputflinger_tests: Put `FakePointerController` in its own file
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 33dceff..69a1df2 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -194,6 +194,8 @@
 static const std::string TOMBSTONE_FILE_PREFIX = "tombstone_";
 static const std::string ANR_DIR = "/data/anr/";
 static const std::string ANR_FILE_PREFIX = "anr_";
+static const std::string SHUTDOWN_CHECKPOINTS_DIR = "/data/system/shutdown-checkpoints/";
+static const std::string SHUTDOWN_CHECKPOINTS_FILE_PREFIX = "checkpoints-";
 
 // TODO: temporary variables and functions used during C++ refactoring
 
@@ -1110,6 +1112,16 @@
     RunCommand("IP6TABLES RAW", {"ip6tables", "-t", "raw", "-L", "-nvx"});
 }
 
+static void DumpShutdownCheckpoints() {
+    const bool shutdown_checkpoints_dumped = AddDumps(
+        ds.shutdown_checkpoints_.begin(), ds.shutdown_checkpoints_.end(),
+        "SHUTDOWN CHECKPOINTS", false /* add_to_zip */);
+    if (!shutdown_checkpoints_dumped) {
+        printf("*** NO SHUTDOWN CHECKPOINTS to dump in %s\n\n",
+            SHUTDOWN_CHECKPOINTS_DIR.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
 static void DumpDynamicPartitionInfo() {
     if (!::android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.dynamic_partitions", false)) {
         return;
@@ -1704,6 +1716,8 @@
 
     DoKmsg();
 
+    DumpShutdownCheckpoints();
+
     DumpIpAddrAndRules();
 
     dump_route_tables();
@@ -1861,6 +1875,8 @@
     if (!PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) {
         ds.tombstone_data_ = GetDumpFds(TOMBSTONE_DIR, TOMBSTONE_FILE_PREFIX);
         ds.anr_data_ = GetDumpFds(ANR_DIR, ANR_FILE_PREFIX);
+        ds.shutdown_checkpoints_ = GetDumpFds(
+            SHUTDOWN_CHECKPOINTS_DIR, SHUTDOWN_CHECKPOINTS_FILE_PREFIX);
     }
 
     ds.AddDir(RECOVERY_DIR, true);
@@ -2915,6 +2931,7 @@
     }
     tombstone_data_.clear();
     anr_data_.clear();
+    shutdown_checkpoints_.clear();
 
     // Instead of shutdown the pool, we delete temporary files directly since
     // shutdown blocking the call.
@@ -3202,6 +3219,7 @@
 
     tombstone_data_.clear();
     anr_data_.clear();
+    shutdown_checkpoints_.clear();
 
     return (consent_callback_ != nullptr &&
             consent_callback_->getResult() == UserConsentResult::UNAVAILABLE)
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
index 5f3acfd..9f894b5 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
@@ -514,6 +514,9 @@
     // List of open ANR dump files.
     std::vector<DumpData> anr_data_;
 
+    // List of open shutdown checkpoint files.
+    std::vector<DumpData> shutdown_checkpoints_;
+
     // A thread pool to execute dump tasks simultaneously if the parallel run is enabled.
     std::unique_ptr<android::os::dumpstate::DumpPool> dump_pool_;
 
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp b/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp
index fd879c6..1386660 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/Android.bp
@@ -48,14 +48,6 @@
 }
 
 cc_binary {
-    name: "servicemanager.microdroid",
-    defaults: ["servicemanager_defaults"],
-    init_rc: ["servicemanager.microdroid.rc"],
-    srcs: ["main.cpp"],
-    bootstrap: true,
-}
-
-cc_binary {
     name: "servicemanager.recovery",
     stem: "servicemanager",
     recovery: true,
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
index 2ae61b9..cc038ae 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@
             updatableViaApex = manifestInstance.updatableViaApex();
             return false; // break (libvintf uses opposite convention)
         });
+        if (updatableViaApex.has_value()) return true; // break (found match)
         return false; // continue
     });
 
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@
                         manifestInstance.interface() + "/" + manifestInstance.instance();
                 instances.push_back(aname);
             }
-            return false; // continue
+            return true; // continue (libvintf uses opposite convention)
         });
         return false; // continue
     });
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.microdroid.rc b/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.microdroid.rc
deleted file mode 100644
index 8819e1e..0000000
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.microdroid.rc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager.microdroid
-    class core
-    user system
-    group system readproc
-    critical
-    onrestart setprop servicemanager.ready false
-    onrestart restart apexd
-    shutdown critical
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/test_sm.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/test_sm.cpp
index 5d5a75e..0fd8d8e 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/test_sm.cpp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/test_sm.cpp
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/os/BnServiceCallback.h>
 #include <binder/Binder.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <cutils/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "Access.h"
 #include "ServiceManager.h"
@@ -75,6 +77,11 @@
     return sm;
 }
 
+static bool isCuttlefish() {
+    return android::base::StartsWith(android::base::GetProperty("ro.product.vendor.device", ""),
+                                     "vsoc_");
+}
+
 TEST(AddService, HappyHappy) {
     auto sm = getPermissiveServiceManager();
     EXPECT_TRUE(sm->addService("foo", getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
@@ -306,6 +313,49 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(out, ElementsAre("sa"));
 }
 
+TEST(Vintf, UpdatableViaApex) {
+    if (!isCuttlefish()) GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping non-Cuttlefish devices";
+
+    auto sm = getPermissiveServiceManager();
+    std::optional<std::string> updatableViaApex;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(sm->updatableViaApex("android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider/internal/0",
+                                     &updatableViaApex)
+                        .isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::make_optional<std::string>("com.google.emulated.camera.provider.hal"),
+              updatableViaApex);
+}
+
+TEST(Vintf, UpdatableViaApex_InvalidNameReturnsNullOpt) {
+    if (!isCuttlefish()) GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping non-Cuttlefish devices";
+
+    auto sm = getPermissiveServiceManager();
+    std::optional<std::string> updatableViaApex;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(sm->updatableViaApex("android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider",
+                                     &updatableViaApex)
+                        .isOk()); // missing instance name
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::nullopt, updatableViaApex);
+}
+
+TEST(Vintf, GetUpdatableNames) {
+    if (!isCuttlefish()) GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping non-Cuttlefish devices";
+
+    auto sm = getPermissiveServiceManager();
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(sm->getUpdatableNames("com.google.emulated.camera.provider.hal", &names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<
+                      std::string>{"android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider/internal/0"},
+              names);
+}
+
+TEST(Vintf, GetUpdatableNames_InvalidApexNameReturnsEmpty) {
+    if (!isCuttlefish()) GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping non-Cuttlefish devices";
+
+    auto sm = getPermissiveServiceManager();
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(sm->getUpdatableNames("non.existing.apex.name", &names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<std::string>{}, names);
+}
+
 class CallbackHistorian : public BnServiceCallback {
     Status onRegistration(const std::string& name, const sp<IBinder>& binder) override {
         registrations.push_back(name);
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control_jni.h b/include/android/surface_control_jni.h
index a0a1fdb..840f6e7 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_control_jni.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_control_jni.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
  *
  * Available since API level 34.
  */
-ASurfaceControl* _Nonnull ASurfaceControl_fromSurfaceControl(JNIEnv* _Nonnull env,
+ASurfaceControl* _Nonnull ASurfaceControl_fromJava(JNIEnv* _Nonnull env,
         jobject _Nonnull surfaceControlObj) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_U__);
 
 /**
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
  *
  * Available since API level 34.
  */
-ASurfaceTransaction* _Nonnull ASurfaceTransaction_fromTransaction(JNIEnv* _Nonnull env,
+ASurfaceTransaction* _Nonnull ASurfaceTransaction_fromJava(JNIEnv* _Nonnull env,
         jobject _Nonnull transactionObj) __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_U__);
 
 __END_DECLS
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/SupportedBufferCombinations.aidl b/include/ftl/details/mixins.h
similarity index 62%
copy from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/SupportedBufferCombinations.aidl
copy to include/ftl/details/mixins.h
index a8bc994..9ab9e08 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/SupportedBufferCombinations.aidl
+++ b/include/ftl/details/mixins.h
@@ -14,10 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.gui;
+#pragma once
 
-/** @hide */
-parcelable SupportedBufferCombinations {
-    int[] pixelFormats;
-    int[] dataspaces;
-}
+namespace android::ftl::details {
+
+template <typename Self, template <typename> class>
+class Mixin {
+ protected:
+  constexpr Self& self() { return *static_cast<Self*>(this); }
+  constexpr const Self& self() const { return *static_cast<const Self*>(this); }
+
+  constexpr auto& mut() { return self().value_; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::ftl::details
diff --git a/include/ftl/enum.h b/include/ftl/enum.h
index 82af1d6..075d12b 100644
--- a/include/ftl/enum.h
+++ b/include/ftl/enum.h
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 //   enum class E { A, B, C };
 //   static_assert(ftl::to_underlying(E::B) == 1);
 //
-template <typename E>
+template <typename E, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<E>>>
 constexpr auto to_underlying(E v) {
   return static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<E>>(v);
 }
diff --git a/include/ftl/mixins.h b/include/ftl/mixins.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e1d200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/mixins.h
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ftl/details/mixins.h>
+
+namespace android::ftl {
+
+// CRTP mixins for defining type-safe wrappers that are distinct from their underlying type. Common
+// uses are IDs, opaque handles, and physical quantities. The constructor is provided by (and must
+// be inherited from) the `Constructible` mixin, whereas operators (equality, ordering, arithmetic,
+// etc.) are enabled through inheritance:
+//
+//   struct Id : ftl::Constructible<Id, std::int32_t>, ftl::Equatable<Id> {
+//     using Constructible::Constructible;
+//   };
+//
+//   static_assert(!std::is_default_constructible_v<Id>);
+//
+// Unlike `Constructible`, `DefaultConstructible` allows default construction. The default value is
+// zero-initialized unless specified:
+//
+//   struct Color : ftl::DefaultConstructible<Color, std::uint8_t>,
+//                  ftl::Equatable<Color>,
+//                  ftl::Orderable<Color> {
+//     using DefaultConstructible::DefaultConstructible;
+//   };
+//
+//   static_assert(Color() == Color(0u));
+//   static_assert(ftl::to_underlying(Color(-1)) == 255u);
+//   static_assert(Color(1u) < Color(2u));
+//
+//   struct Sequence : ftl::DefaultConstructible<Sequence, std::int8_t, -1>,
+//                     ftl::Equatable<Sequence>,
+//                     ftl::Orderable<Sequence>,
+//                     ftl::Incrementable<Sequence> {
+//     using DefaultConstructible::DefaultConstructible;
+//   };
+//
+//   static_assert(Sequence() == Sequence(-1));
+//
+// The underlying type need not be a fundamental type:
+//
+//   struct Timeout : ftl::DefaultConstructible<Timeout, std::chrono::seconds, 10>,
+//                    ftl::Equatable<Timeout>,
+//                    ftl::Addable<Timeout> {
+//     using DefaultConstructible::DefaultConstructible;
+//   };
+//
+//   using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+//   static_assert(Timeout() + Timeout(5s) == Timeout(15s));
+//
+template <typename Self, typename T>
+struct Constructible {
+  explicit constexpr Constructible(T value) : value_(value) {}
+
+  explicit constexpr operator const T&() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename, template <typename> class>
+  friend class details::Mixin;
+
+  T value_;
+};
+
+template <typename Self, typename T, auto kDefault = T{}>
+struct DefaultConstructible : Constructible<Self, T> {
+  using Constructible<Self, T>::Constructible;
+  constexpr DefaultConstructible() : DefaultConstructible(T{kDefault}) {}
+};
+
+// Shorthand for casting a type-safe wrapper to its underlying value.
+template <typename Self, typename T>
+constexpr const T& to_underlying(const Constructible<Self, T>& c) {
+  return static_cast<const T&>(c);
+}
+
+// Comparison operators for equality.
+template <typename Self>
+struct Equatable : details::Mixin<Self, Equatable> {
+  constexpr bool operator==(const Self& other) const {
+    return to_underlying(this->self()) == to_underlying(other);
+  }
+
+  constexpr bool operator!=(const Self& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+};
+
+// Comparison operators for ordering.
+template <typename Self>
+struct Orderable : details::Mixin<Self, Orderable> {
+  constexpr bool operator<(const Self& other) const {
+    return to_underlying(this->self()) < to_underlying(other);
+  }
+
+  constexpr bool operator>(const Self& other) const { return other < this->self(); }
+  constexpr bool operator>=(const Self& other) const { return !(*this < other); }
+  constexpr bool operator<=(const Self& other) const { return !(*this > other); }
+};
+
+// Pre-increment and post-increment operators.
+template <typename Self>
+struct Incrementable : details::Mixin<Self, Incrementable> {
+  constexpr Self& operator++() {
+    ++this->mut();
+    return this->self();
+  }
+
+  constexpr Self operator++(int) {
+    const Self tmp = this->self();
+    operator++();
+    return tmp;
+  }
+};
+
+// Additive operators, including incrementing.
+template <typename Self>
+struct Addable : details::Mixin<Self, Addable>, Incrementable<Self> {
+  constexpr Self& operator+=(const Self& other) {
+    this->mut() += to_underlying(other);
+    return this->self();
+  }
+
+  constexpr Self operator+(const Self& other) const {
+    Self tmp = this->self();
+    return tmp += other;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  using Base = details::Mixin<Self, Addable>;
+  using Base::mut;
+  using Base::self;
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/include/ftl/optional.h b/include/ftl/optional.h
index 626507f..7b02bac 100644
--- a/include/ftl/optional.h
+++ b/include/ftl/optional.h
@@ -97,6 +97,16 @@
   }
 };
 
+template <typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool operator==(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
+  return static_cast<std::optional<T>>(lhs) == static_cast<std::optional<U>>(rhs);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool operator!=(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
+  return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
 // Deduction guides.
 template <typename T>
 Optional(T) -> Optional<T>;
diff --git a/include/input/Input.h b/include/input/Input.h
index dd74a51..d298d81 100644
--- a/include/input/Input.h
+++ b/include/input/Input.h
@@ -209,6 +209,8 @@
 
 bool isFromSource(uint32_t source, uint32_t test);
 
+bool isStylusToolType(uint32_t toolType);
+
 /*
  * Flags that flow alongside events in the input dispatch system to help with certain
  * policy decisions such as waking from device sleep.
diff --git a/include/input/VelocityControl.h b/include/input/VelocityControl.h
index f72a1bd..f3c201e 100644
--- a/include/input/VelocityControl.h
+++ b/include/input/VelocityControl.h
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <input/VelocityTracker.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
 namespace android {
 
 /*
@@ -69,6 +72,12 @@
             scale(scale), lowThreshold(lowThreshold),
             highThreshold(highThreshold), acceleration(acceleration) {
     }
+
+    std::string dump() const {
+        return StringPrintf("scale=%0.3f, lowThreshold=%0.3f, highThreshold=%0.3f, "
+                            "acceleration=%0.3f\n",
+                            scale, lowThreshold, highThreshold, acceleration);
+    }
 };
 
 /*
@@ -78,6 +87,9 @@
 public:
     VelocityControl();
 
+    /* Gets the various parameters. */
+    VelocityControlParameters& getParameters();
+
     /* Sets the various parameters. */
     void setParameters(const VelocityControlParameters& parameters);
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
index 11c8e5d..7770374 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@
 
 #define IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() if (false)
 #define IF_LOG_COMMANDS() if (false)
-#define LOG_REMOTEREFS(...) 
+#define LOG_REMOTEREFS(...)
 #define IF_LOG_REMOTEREFS() if (false)
 
-#define LOG_THREADPOOL(...) 
-#define LOG_ONEWAY(...) 
+#define LOG_THREADPOOL(...)
+#define LOG_ONEWAY(...)
 
 #else
 
@@ -394,14 +394,92 @@
     // context, so we don't abort
 }
 
+constexpr uint32_t encodeExplicitIdentity(bool hasExplicitIdentity, pid_t callingPid) {
+    uint32_t as_unsigned = static_cast<uint32_t>(callingPid);
+    if (hasExplicitIdentity) {
+        return as_unsigned | (1 << 30);
+    } else {
+        return as_unsigned & ~(1 << 30);
+    }
+}
+
+constexpr int64_t packCallingIdentity(bool hasExplicitIdentity, uid_t callingUid,
+                                      pid_t callingPid) {
+    // Calling PID is a 32-bit signed integer, but doesn't consume the entire 32 bit space.
+    // To future-proof this and because we have extra capacity, we decided to also support -1,
+    // since this constant is used to represent invalid UID in other places of the system.
+    // Thus, we pack hasExplicitIdentity into the 2nd bit from the left.  This allows us to
+    // preserve the (left-most) bit for the sign while also encoding the value of
+    // hasExplicitIdentity.
+    //               32b     |        1b         |         1b            |        30b
+    // token = [ calling uid | calling pid(sign) | has explicit identity | calling pid(rest) ]
+    uint64_t token = (static_cast<uint64_t>(callingUid) << 32) |
+            encodeExplicitIdentity(hasExplicitIdentity, callingPid);
+    return static_cast<int64_t>(token);
+}
+
+constexpr bool unpackHasExplicitIdentity(int64_t token) {
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(token) & (1 << 30);
+}
+
+constexpr uid_t unpackCallingUid(int64_t token) {
+    return static_cast<uid_t>(token >> 32);
+}
+
+constexpr pid_t unpackCallingPid(int64_t token) {
+    int32_t encodedPid = static_cast<int32_t>(token);
+    if (encodedPid & (1 << 31)) {
+        return encodedPid | (1 << 30);
+    } else {
+        return encodedPid & ~(1 << 30);
+    }
+}
+
+static_assert(unpackHasExplicitIdentity(packCallingIdentity(true, 1000, 9999)) == true,
+              "pack true hasExplicit");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingUid(packCallingIdentity(true, 1000, 9999)) == 1000, "pack true uid");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingPid(packCallingIdentity(true, 1000, 9999)) == 9999, "pack true pid");
+
+static_assert(unpackHasExplicitIdentity(packCallingIdentity(false, 1000, 9999)) == false,
+              "pack false hasExplicit");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingUid(packCallingIdentity(false, 1000, 9999)) == 1000, "pack false uid");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingPid(packCallingIdentity(false, 1000, 9999)) == 9999, "pack false pid");
+
+static_assert(unpackHasExplicitIdentity(packCallingIdentity(true, 1000, -1)) == true,
+              "pack true (negative) hasExplicit");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingUid(packCallingIdentity(true, 1000, -1)) == 1000,
+              "pack true (negative) uid");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingPid(packCallingIdentity(true, 1000, -1)) == -1,
+              "pack true (negative) pid");
+
+static_assert(unpackHasExplicitIdentity(packCallingIdentity(false, 1000, -1)) == false,
+              "pack false (negative) hasExplicit");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingUid(packCallingIdentity(false, 1000, -1)) == 1000,
+              "pack false (negative) uid");
+
+static_assert(unpackCallingPid(packCallingIdentity(false, 1000, -1)) == -1,
+              "pack false (negative) pid");
+
 int64_t IPCThreadState::clearCallingIdentity()
 {
     // ignore mCallingSid for legacy reasons
-    int64_t token = ((int64_t)mCallingUid<<32) | mCallingPid;
+    int64_t token = packCallingIdentity(mHasExplicitIdentity, mCallingUid, mCallingPid);
     clearCaller();
+    mHasExplicitIdentity = true;
     return token;
 }
 
+bool IPCThreadState::hasExplicitIdentity() {
+    return mHasExplicitIdentity;
+}
+
 void IPCThreadState::setStrictModePolicy(int32_t policy)
 {
     mStrictModePolicy = policy;
@@ -474,9 +552,10 @@
 
 void IPCThreadState::restoreCallingIdentity(int64_t token)
 {
-    mCallingUid = (int)(token>>32);
+    mCallingUid = unpackCallingUid(token);
     mCallingSid = nullptr;  // not enough data to restore
-    mCallingPid = (int)token;
+    mCallingPid = unpackCallingPid(token);
+    mHasExplicitIdentity = unpackHasExplicitIdentity(token);
 }
 
 void IPCThreadState::clearCaller()
@@ -889,6 +968,7 @@
         mCallRestriction(mProcess->mCallRestriction) {
     pthread_setspecific(gTLS, this);
     clearCaller();
+    mHasExplicitIdentity = false;
     mIn.setDataCapacity(256);
     mOut.setDataCapacity(256);
 }
@@ -1279,6 +1359,7 @@
             const pid_t origPid = mCallingPid;
             const char* origSid = mCallingSid;
             const uid_t origUid = mCallingUid;
+            const bool origHasExplicitIdentity = mHasExplicitIdentity;
             const int32_t origStrictModePolicy = mStrictModePolicy;
             const int32_t origTransactionBinderFlags = mLastTransactionBinderFlags;
             const int32_t origWorkSource = mWorkSource;
@@ -1292,6 +1373,7 @@
             mCallingPid = tr.sender_pid;
             mCallingSid = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(tr_secctx.secctx);
             mCallingUid = tr.sender_euid;
+            mHasExplicitIdentity = false;
             mLastTransactionBinderFlags = tr.flags;
 
             // ALOGI(">>>> TRANSACT from pid %d sid %s uid %d\n", mCallingPid,
@@ -1367,6 +1449,7 @@
             mCallingPid = origPid;
             mCallingSid = origSid;
             mCallingUid = origUid;
+            mHasExplicitIdentity = origHasExplicitIdentity;
             mStrictModePolicy = origStrictModePolicy;
             mLastTransactionBinderFlags = origTransactionBinderFlags;
             mWorkSource = origWorkSource;
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index 07d0a65..ee081c4 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -614,11 +614,14 @@
                 if (status_t status = readInt32(&fdIndex); status != OK) {
                     return status;
                 }
-                const auto& oldFd = otherRpcFields->mFds->at(fdIndex);
+                int oldFd = toRawFd(otherRpcFields->mFds->at(fdIndex));
                 // To match kernel binder behavior, we always dup, even if the
                 // FD was unowned in the source parcel.
-                rpcFields->mFds->emplace_back(
-                        base::unique_fd(fcntl(toRawFd(oldFd), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0)));
+                int newFd = -1;
+                if (status_t status = dupFileDescriptor(oldFd, &newFd); status != OK) {
+                    ALOGW("Failed to duplicate file descriptor %d: %s", oldFd, strerror(-status));
+                }
+                rpcFields->mFds->emplace_back(base::unique_fd(newFd));
                 // Fixup the index in the data.
                 mDataPos = newDataPos + 4;
                 if (status_t status = writeInt32(rpcFields->mFds->size() - 1); status != OK) {
@@ -966,7 +969,15 @@
     }
 }
 
+void Parcel::setEnforceNoDataAvail(bool enforceNoDataAvail) {
+    mEnforceNoDataAvail = enforceNoDataAvail;
+}
+
 binder::Status Parcel::enforceNoDataAvail() const {
+    if (!mEnforceNoDataAvail) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
     const auto n = dataAvail();
     if (n == 0) {
         return binder::Status::ok();
@@ -3077,6 +3088,7 @@
     mAllowFds = true;
     mDeallocZero = false;
     mOwner = nullptr;
+    mEnforceNoDataAvail = true;
 }
 
 void Parcel::scanForFds() const {
diff --git a/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp b/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
index 399667d..0820cd1 100644
--- a/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RpcServer.cpp
@@ -531,56 +531,35 @@
     LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Setting up socket server %s", addr.toString().c_str());
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(hasServer(), "Each RpcServer can only have one server.");
 
-    RpcTransportFd transportFd(unique_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-            socket(addr.addr()->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0))));
-    if (!transportFd.fd.ok()) {
+    unique_fd socket_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+            socket(addr.addr()->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0)));
+    if (!socket_fd.ok()) {
         int savedErrno = errno;
         ALOGE("Could not create socket: %s", strerror(savedErrno));
         return -savedErrno;
     }
-
-    if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(bind(transportFd.fd.get(), addr.addr(), addr.addrSize()))) {
+    if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(bind(socket_fd.get(), addr.addr(), addr.addrSize()))) {
         int savedErrno = errno;
         ALOGE("Could not bind socket at %s: %s", addr.toString().c_str(), strerror(savedErrno));
         return -savedErrno;
     }
 
-    // Right now, we create all threads at once, making accept4 slow. To avoid hanging the client,
-    // the backlog is increased to a large number.
-    // TODO(b/189955605): Once we create threads dynamically & lazily, the backlog can be reduced
-    //  to 1.
-    if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(listen(transportFd.fd.get(), 50 /*backlog*/))) {
-        int savedErrno = errno;
-        ALOGE("Could not listen socket at %s: %s", addr.toString().c_str(), strerror(savedErrno));
-        return -savedErrno;
-    }
-
-    LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Successfully setup socket server %s", addr.toString().c_str());
-
-    if (status_t status = setupExternalServer(std::move(transportFd.fd)); status != OK) {
-        ALOGE("Another thread has set up server while calling setupSocketServer. Race?");
-        return status;
-    }
-    return OK;
+    return setupRawSocketServer(std::move(socket_fd));
 }
 
-status_t RpcServer::setupRawSocketServer(base::unique_fd socket_fd) {
-    RpcTransportFd transportFd(std::move(socket_fd));
-    if (!transportFd.fd.ok()) {
-        int savedErrno = errno;
-        ALOGE("Could not get initialized Unix socket: %s", strerror(savedErrno));
-        return -savedErrno;
-    }
+status_t RpcServer::setupRawSocketServer(unique_fd socket_fd) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!socket_fd.ok(), "Socket must be setup to listen.");
+
     // Right now, we create all threads at once, making accept4 slow. To avoid hanging the client,
     // the backlog is increased to a large number.
     // TODO(b/189955605): Once we create threads dynamically & lazily, the backlog can be reduced
     //  to 1.
-    if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(listen(transportFd.fd.get(), 50 /*backlog*/))) {
+    if (0 != TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(listen(socket_fd.get(), 50 /*backlog*/))) {
         int savedErrno = errno;
         ALOGE("Could not listen initialized Unix socket: %s", strerror(savedErrno));
         return -savedErrno;
     }
-    if (status_t status = setupExternalServer(std::move(transportFd.fd)); status != OK) {
+    if (status_t status = setupExternalServer(std::move(socket_fd)); status != OK) {
         ALOGE("Another thread has set up server while calling setupSocketServer. Race?");
         return status;
     }
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
index c01e92f..65b77c6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@
             int64_t             clearCallingIdentity();
             // Restores PID/UID (not SID)
             void                restoreCallingIdentity(int64_t token);
+            bool hasExplicitIdentity();
 
             status_t            setupPolling(int* fd);
             status_t            handlePolledCommands();
@@ -241,6 +242,7 @@
             bool                mPropagateWorkSource;
             bool                mIsLooper;
             bool mIsFlushing;
+            bool mHasExplicitIdentity;
             int32_t             mStrictModePolicy;
             int32_t             mLastTransactionBinderFlags;
             CallRestriction     mCallRestriction;
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
index 6de6ce8..f730acb 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
@@ -150,6 +150,9 @@
     // Returns Status(EX_BAD_PARCELABLE) when the Parcel is not consumed.
     binder::Status enforceNoDataAvail() const;
 
+    // This Api is used by fuzzers to skip dataAvail checks.
+    void setEnforceNoDataAvail(bool enforceNoDataAvail);
+
     void                freeData();
 
     size_t              objectsCount() const;
@@ -1329,6 +1332,9 @@
     // data to be overridden with zero when deallocated
     mutable bool        mDeallocZero;
 
+    // Set this to false to skip dataAvail checks.
+    bool mEnforceNoDataAvail;
+
     release_func        mOwner;
 
     size_t mReserved;
diff --git a/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp b/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
index dd177af..f08bde8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
+++ b/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
@@ -17,20 +17,41 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 extern "C" {
 
 struct AIBinder;
+struct ARpcServer;
 
 // Starts an RPC server on a given port and a given root IBinder object.
-// This function sets up the server and joins before returning.
-bool RunVsockRpcServer(AIBinder* service, unsigned int port);
+// Returns an opaque handle to the running server instance, or null if the server
+// could not be started.
+[[nodiscard]] ARpcServer* ARpcServer_newVsock(AIBinder* service, unsigned int port);
 
-// Starts an RPC server on a given port and a given root IBinder object.
-// This function sets up the server, calls readyCallback with a given param, and
-// then joins before returning.
-bool RunVsockRpcServerCallback(AIBinder* service, unsigned int port,
-                               void (*readyCallback)(void* param), void* param);
+// Starts a Unix domain RPC server with a given init-managed Unix domain `name`
+// and a given root IBinder object.
+// The socket should be created in init.rc with the same `name`.
+// Returns an opaque handle to the running server instance, or null if the server
+// could not be started.
+[[nodiscard]] ARpcServer* ARpcServer_newInitUnixDomain(AIBinder* service, const char* name);
+
+// Runs ARpcServer_join() in a background thread. Immediately returns.
+void ARpcServer_start(ARpcServer* server);
+
+// Joins the thread of a running RpcServer instance. At any given point, there
+// can only be one thread calling ARpcServer_join().
+// If a client needs to actively terminate join, call ARpcServer_shutdown() in
+// a separate thread.
+void ARpcServer_join(ARpcServer* server);
+
+// Shuts down any running ARpcServer_join().
+void ARpcServer_shutdown(ARpcServer* server);
+
+// Frees the ARpcServer handle and drops the reference count on the underlying
+// RpcServer instance. The handle must not be reused afterwards.
+// This automatically calls ARpcServer_shutdown().
+void ARpcServer_free(ARpcServer* server);
 
 // Starts an RPC server on a given port and a given root IBinder factory.
 // RunVsockRpcServerWithFactory acts like RunVsockRpcServerCallback, but instead of
@@ -42,15 +63,6 @@
 
 AIBinder* VsockRpcClient(unsigned int cid, unsigned int port);
 
-// Starts a Unix domain RPC server with a given init-managed Unix domain `name` and
-// a given root IBinder object.
-// The socket should be created in init.rc with the same `name`.
-//
-// This function sets up the server, calls readyCallback with a given param, and
-// then joins before returning.
-bool RunInitUnixDomainRpcServer(AIBinder* service, const char* name,
-                                void (*readyCallback)(void* param), void* param);
-
 // Gets the service via the RPC binder with Unix domain socket with the given
 // Unix socket `name`.
 // The final Unix domain socket path name is /dev/socket/`name`.
diff --git a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
index ae07aee..f55c779 100644
--- a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <binder_rpc_unstable.hpp>
+
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <android/binder_libbinder.h>
@@ -25,23 +27,32 @@
 using android::OK;
 using android::RpcServer;
 using android::RpcSession;
+using android::sp;
 using android::status_t;
 using android::statusToString;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 
-extern "C" {
+// Opaque handle for RpcServer.
+struct ARpcServer {};
 
-void RunRpcServer(android::sp<RpcServer>& server, AIBinder* service,
-                  void (*readyCallback)(void* param), void* param) {
-    server->setRootObject(AIBinder_toPlatformBinder(service));
-
-    if (readyCallback) readyCallback(param);
-    server->join();
-
-    // Shutdown any open sessions since server failed.
-    (void)server->shutdown();
+static sp<RpcServer> toRpcServer(ARpcServer* handle) {
+    auto ref = reinterpret_cast<RpcServer*>(handle);
+    return sp<RpcServer>::fromExisting(ref);
 }
 
+static ARpcServer* createRpcServerHandle(sp<RpcServer>& server) {
+    auto ref = server.get();
+    ref->incStrong(ref);
+    return reinterpret_cast<ARpcServer*>(ref);
+}
+
+static void freeRpcServerHandle(ARpcServer* handle) {
+    auto ref = reinterpret_cast<RpcServer*>(handle);
+    ref->decStrong(ref);
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+
 bool RunVsockRpcServerWithFactory(AIBinder* (*factory)(unsigned int cid, void* context),
                                   void* factoryContext, unsigned int port) {
     auto server = RpcServer::make();
@@ -64,20 +75,47 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool RunVsockRpcServerCallback(AIBinder* service, unsigned int port,
-                               void (*readyCallback)(void* param), void* param) {
+ARpcServer* ARpcServer_newVsock(AIBinder* service, unsigned int port) {
     auto server = RpcServer::make();
     if (status_t status = server->setupVsockServer(port); status != OK) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set up vsock server with port " << port
                    << " error: " << statusToString(status).c_str();
-        return false;
+        return nullptr;
     }
-    RunRpcServer(server, service, readyCallback, param);
-    return true;
+    server->setRootObject(AIBinder_toPlatformBinder(service));
+    return createRpcServerHandle(server);
 }
 
-bool RunVsockRpcServer(AIBinder* service, unsigned int port) {
-    return RunVsockRpcServerCallback(service, port, nullptr, nullptr);
+ARpcServer* ARpcServer_newInitUnixDomain(AIBinder* service, const char* name) {
+    auto server = RpcServer::make();
+    auto fd = unique_fd(android_get_control_socket(name));
+    if (!fd.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get fd for the socket:" << name;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (status_t status = server->setupRawSocketServer(std::move(fd)); status != OK) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set up Unix Domain RPC server with name " << name
+                   << " error: " << statusToString(status).c_str();
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    server->setRootObject(AIBinder_toPlatformBinder(service));
+    return createRpcServerHandle(server);
+}
+
+void ARpcServer_start(ARpcServer* handle) {
+    toRpcServer(handle)->start();
+}
+
+void ARpcServer_join(ARpcServer* handle) {
+    toRpcServer(handle)->join();
+}
+
+void ARpcServer_shutdown(ARpcServer* handle) {
+    toRpcServer(handle)->shutdown();
+}
+
+void ARpcServer_free(ARpcServer* handle) {
+    freeRpcServerHandle(handle);
 }
 
 AIBinder* VsockRpcClient(unsigned int cid, unsigned int port) {
@@ -90,19 +128,6 @@
     return AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(session->getRootObject());
 }
 
-bool RunInitUnixDomainRpcServer(AIBinder* service, const char* name,
-                                void (*readyCallback)(void* param), void* param) {
-    auto server = RpcServer::make();
-    auto fd = unique_fd(android_get_control_socket(name));
-    if (status_t status = server->setupRawSocketServer(std::move(fd)); status != OK) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set up Unix Domain RPC server with name " << name
-                   << " error: " << statusToString(status).c_str();
-        return false;
-    }
-    RunRpcServer(server, service, readyCallback, param);
-    return true;
-}
-
 AIBinder* UnixDomainRpcClient(const char* name) {
     std::string pathname(name);
     pathname = ANDROID_SOCKET_DIR "/" + pathname;
diff --git a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.map.txt b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.map.txt
index f9c7bcf..1bc2416 100644
--- a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.map.txt
+++ b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.map.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 LIBBINDER_RPC_UNSTABLE_SHIM { # platform-only
   global:
-    RunVsockRpcServer;
-    RunVsockRpcServerCallback;
+    ARpcServer_free;
+    ARpcServer_join;
+    ARpcServer_newInitUnixDomain;
+    ARpcServer_newVsock;
+    ARpcServer_shutdown;
+    ARpcServer_start;
     VsockRpcClient;
-    RunInitUnixDomainRpcServer;
     UnixDomainRpcClient;
     RpcPreconnectedClient;
   local:
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_to_string.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_to_string.h
index 6a25db2..2a00736 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_to_string.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_to_string.h
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 template <typename _T>
 std::string ToString(const _T& t) {
     if constexpr (details::ToEmptyString<_T>::value) {
-        return "";
+        return "<unimplemented>";
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<bool, _T>) {
         return t ? "true" : "false";
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<char16_t, _T>) {
@@ -176,9 +176,11 @@
         return t;
 #ifdef HAS_NDK_INTERFACE
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<::ndk::SpAIBinder, _T>) {
-        return (t.get() == nullptr) ? "(null)" : "";
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "binder:" << std::hex << t.get();
+        return ss.str();
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<::ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor, _T>) {
-        return (t.get() == -1) ? "(null)" : "";
+        return "fd:" + std::to_string(t.get());
 #endif
 #ifdef HAS_STRING16
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<String16, _T>) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_manager.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_manager.h
index c234270..ad4188f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_manager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_manager.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
  *
  * \param instance identifier of the service used to lookup the service.
  */
+[[deprecated("this polls 5s, use AServiceManager_waitForService or AServiceManager_checkService")]]
 __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) AIBinder* AServiceManager_getService(const char* instance)
         __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
 
@@ -108,6 +109,67 @@
         __INTRODUCED_IN(31);
 
 /**
+ * Function to call when a service is registered. The instance is passed as well as
+ * ownership of the binder named 'registered'.
+ *
+ * WARNING: a lock is held when this method is called in order to prevent races with
+ * AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration_delete. Do not make synchronous binder calls when
+ * implementing this method to avoid deadlocks.
+ *
+ * \param instance instance name of service registered
+ * \param registered ownership-passed instance of service registered
+ * \param cookie data passed during registration for notifications
+ */
+typedef void (*AServiceManager_onRegister)(const char* instance, AIBinder* registered,
+                                           void* cookie);
+
+/**
+ * Represents a registration to servicemanager which can be cleared anytime.
+ */
+struct AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration;
+
+/**
+ * Get notifications when a service is registered. If the service is already registered,
+ * you will immediately get a notification.
+ *
+ * WARNING: it is strongly recommended to use AServiceManager_waitForService API instead.
+ * That API will wait synchronously, which is what you usually want in cases, including
+ * using some feature or during boot up. There is a history of bugs where waiting for
+ * notifications like this races with service startup. Also, when this API is used, a service
+ * bug will result in silent failure (rather than a debuggable deadlock). Furthermore, there
+ * is a history of this API being used to know when a service is up as a proxy for whethre
+ * that service should be started. This should only be used if you are intending to get
+ * ahold of the service as a client. For lazy services, whether a service is registered
+ * should not be used as a proxy for when it should be registered, which is only known
+ * by the real client.
+ *
+ * WARNING: if you use this API, you must also ensure that you check missing services are
+ * started and crash otherwise. If service failures are ignored, the system rots.
+ *
+ * \param instance name of service to wait for notifications about
+ * \param onRegister callback for when service is registered
+ * \param cookie data associated with this callback
+ *
+ * \return the token for this registration. Deleting this token will unregister.
+ */
+__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration*
+AServiceManager_registerForServiceNotifications(const char* instance,
+                                                AServiceManager_onRegister onRegister, void* cookie)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(34);
+
+/**
+ * Unregister for notifications and delete the object.
+ *
+ * After this method is called, the callback is guaranteed to no longer be invoked. This will block
+ * until any in-progress onRegister callbacks have completed. It is therefore safe to immediately
+ * destroy the void* cookie that was registered when this method returns.
+ *
+ * \param notification object to dismiss
+ */
+void AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration_delete(
+        AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration* notification) __INTRODUCED_IN(34);
+
+/**
  * Check if a service is declared (e.g. VINTF manifest).
  *
  * \param instance identifier of the service.
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt b/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
index 32ca564..5c7005c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/libbinder_ndk.map.txt
@@ -155,6 +155,8 @@
 LIBBINDER_NDK34 { # introduced=UpsideDownCake
   global:
     AServiceManager_getUpdatableApexName; # systemapi
+    AServiceManager_registerForServiceNotifications; # systemapi llndk
+    AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration_delete; # systemapi llndk
 };
 
 LIBBINDER_NDK_PLATFORM {
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp
index c320e8d..8693022 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,13 @@
     }
 
     T* array;
-    if (!allocator(arrayData, length, &array)) return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+    if (!allocator(arrayData, length, &array)) {
+        if (length < 0) {
+            return STATUS_UNEXPECTED_NULL;
+        } else {
+            return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+        }
+    }
 
     if (length <= 0) return STATUS_OK;
     if (array == nullptr) return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
@@ -157,7 +163,13 @@
     }
 
     char16_t* array;
-    if (!allocator(arrayData, length, &array)) return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+    if (!allocator(arrayData, length, &array)) {
+        if (length < 0) {
+            return STATUS_UNEXPECTED_NULL;
+        } else {
+            return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+        }
+    }
 
     if (length <= 0) return STATUS_OK;
     if (array == nullptr) return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
@@ -204,7 +216,13 @@
         return status;
     }
 
-    if (!allocator(arrayData, length)) return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+    if (!allocator(arrayData, length)) {
+        if (length < 0) {
+            return STATUS_UNEXPECTED_NULL;
+        } else {
+            return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+        }
+    }
 
     if (length <= 0) return STATUS_OK;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/service_manager.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/service_manager.cpp
index a12d0e9..e107c83 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/service_manager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/service_manager.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 using ::android::IServiceManager;
 using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::status_t;
+using ::android::statusToString;
 using ::android::String16;
 using ::android::String8;
 
@@ -86,6 +87,67 @@
     AIBinder_incStrong(ret.get());
     return ret.get();
 }
+typedef void (*AServiceManager_onRegister)(const char* instance, AIBinder* registered,
+                                           void* cookie);
+
+struct AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration
+    : public IServiceManager::LocalRegistrationCallback {
+    std::mutex m;
+    const char* instance = nullptr;
+    void* cookie = nullptr;
+    AServiceManager_onRegister onRegister = nullptr;
+
+    virtual void onServiceRegistration(const String16& smInstance, const sp<IBinder>& binder) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(m);
+        if (onRegister == nullptr) return;
+
+        CHECK_EQ(String8(smInstance), instance);
+
+        sp<AIBinder> ret = ABpBinder::lookupOrCreateFromBinder(binder);
+        AIBinder_incStrong(ret.get());
+
+        onRegister(instance, ret.get(), cookie);
+    }
+
+    void clear() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(m);
+        instance = nullptr;
+        cookie = nullptr;
+        onRegister = nullptr;
+    }
+};
+
+__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration*
+AServiceManager_registerForServiceNotifications(const char* instance,
+                                                AServiceManager_onRegister onRegister,
+                                                void* cookie) {
+    CHECK_NE(instance, nullptr);
+    CHECK_NE(onRegister, nullptr) << instance;
+    // cookie can be nullptr
+
+    auto cb = sp<AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration>::make();
+    cb->instance = instance;
+    cb->onRegister = onRegister;
+    cb->cookie = cookie;
+
+    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    if (status_t res = sm->registerForNotifications(String16(instance), cb); res != STATUS_OK) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to register for service notifications for " << instance << ": "
+                   << statusToString(res);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    cb->incStrong(nullptr);
+    return cb.get();
+}
+
+void AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration_delete(
+        AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration* notification) {
+    CHECK_NE(notification, nullptr);
+    notification->clear();
+    notification->decStrong(nullptr);
+}
+
 bool AServiceManager_isDeclared(const char* instance) {
     if (instance == nullptr) {
         return false;
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
index e221e4c..9d5ef68 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
@@ -254,6 +254,47 @@
     AIBinder_decStrong(binder);
 }
 
+struct ServiceData {
+    std::string instance;
+    ndk::SpAIBinder binder;
+
+    static void fillOnRegister(const char* instance, AIBinder* binder, void* cookie) {
+        ServiceData* d = reinterpret_cast<ServiceData*>(cookie);
+        d->instance = instance;
+        d->binder = ndk::SpAIBinder(binder);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST(NdkBinder, RegisterForServiceNotificationsNonExisting) {
+    ServiceData data;
+    auto* notif = AServiceManager_registerForServiceNotifications(
+            "DOES_NOT_EXIST", ServiceData::fillOnRegister, (void*)&data);
+    ASSERT_NE(notif, nullptr);
+
+    sleep(1);  // give us a chance to fail
+    AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration_delete(notif);
+
+    // checking after deleting to avoid needing a mutex over the data - otherwise
+    // in an environment w/ multiple threads, you would need to guard access
+    EXPECT_EQ(data.instance, "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(data.binder, nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(NdkBinder, RegisterForServiceNotificationsExisting) {
+    ServiceData data;
+    auto* notif = AServiceManager_registerForServiceNotifications(
+            kExistingNonNdkService, ServiceData::fillOnRegister, (void*)&data);
+    ASSERT_NE(notif, nullptr);
+
+    sleep(1);  // give us a chance to fail
+    AServiceManager_NotificationRegistration_delete(notif);
+
+    // checking after deleting to avoid needing a mutex over the data - otherwise
+    // in an environment w/ multiple threads, you would need to guard access
+    EXPECT_EQ(data.instance, kExistingNonNdkService);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data.binder, ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_checkService(kExistingNonNdkService)));
+}
+
 TEST(NdkBinder, UnimplementedDump) {
     sp<IFoo> foo = IFoo::getService(IFoo::kSomeInstanceName);
     ASSERT_NE(foo, nullptr);
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp b/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp
index 738d16a..afd414a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/Android.bp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
     rustlibs: [
         "libbinder_ndk_sys",
         "libdowncast_rs",
-        "liblazy_static",
         "liblibc",
     ],
     host_supported: true,
@@ -160,7 +159,6 @@
     rustlibs: [
         "libbinder_ndk_sys",
         "libdowncast_rs",
-        "liblazy_static",
         "liblibc",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/Android.bp b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/Android.bp
index 9771cc9..f70ebfc 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
         "libbinder_rpc_unstable_bindgen_sys",
         "libbinder_rs",
         "libdowncast_rs",
+        "libforeign_types",
         "liblibc",
         "liblog_rust",
     ],
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/lib.rs b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/lib.rs
index 89a49a4..1b719aa 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/lib.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,4 @@
     get_preconnected_rpc_interface, get_preconnected_rpc_service, get_unix_domain_rpc_interface,
     get_unix_domain_rpc_service, get_vsock_rpc_interface, get_vsock_rpc_service,
 };
-pub use server::{
-    run_init_unix_domain_rpc_server, run_vsock_rpc_server, run_vsock_rpc_server_with_factory,
-};
+pub use server::{run_vsock_rpc_server_with_factory, RpcServer, RpcServerRef};
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs
index b350a13..42f5567 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs
@@ -18,114 +18,89 @@
     unstable_api::{AIBinder, AsNative},
     SpIBinder,
 };
+use binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer;
+use foreign_types::{foreign_type, ForeignType, ForeignTypeRef};
+use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
 use std::{ffi::CString, os::raw, ptr::null_mut};
 
-/// Runs a binder RPC server, serving the supplied binder service implementation on the given vsock
-/// port.
-///
-/// If and when the server is ready for connections (it is listening on the port), `on_ready` is
-/// called to allow appropriate action to be taken - e.g. to notify clients that they may now
-/// attempt to connect.
-///
-/// The current thread is joined to the binder thread pool to handle incoming messages.
-///
-/// Returns true if the server has shutdown normally, false if it failed in some way.
-pub fn run_vsock_rpc_server<F>(service: SpIBinder, port: u32, on_ready: F) -> bool
-where
-    F: FnOnce(),
-{
-    let mut ready_notifier = ReadyNotifier(Some(on_ready));
-    ready_notifier.run_vsock_server(service, port)
+foreign_type! {
+    type CType = binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer;
+    fn drop = binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_free;
+
+    /// A type that represents a foreign instance of RpcServer.
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    pub struct RpcServer;
+    /// A borrowed RpcServer.
+    pub struct RpcServerRef;
 }
 
-/// Runs a binder RPC server, serving the supplied binder service implementation on the given
-/// socket file name. The socket should be initialized in init.rc with the same name.
-///
-/// If and when the server is ready for connections, `on_ready` is called to allow appropriate
-/// action to be taken - e.g. to notify clients that they may now attempt to connect.
-///
-/// The current thread is joined to the binder thread pool to handle incoming messages.
-///
-/// Returns true if the server has shutdown normally, false if it failed in some way.
-pub fn run_init_unix_domain_rpc_server<F>(
-    service: SpIBinder,
-    socket_name: &str,
-    on_ready: F,
-) -> bool
-where
-    F: FnOnce(),
-{
-    let mut ready_notifier = ReadyNotifier(Some(on_ready));
-    ready_notifier.run_init_unix_domain_server(service, socket_name)
-}
+/// SAFETY - The opaque handle can be cloned freely.
+unsafe impl Send for RpcServer {}
+/// SAFETY - The underlying C++ RpcServer class is thread-safe.
+unsafe impl Sync for RpcServer {}
 
-struct ReadyNotifier<F>(Option<F>)
-where
-    F: FnOnce();
-
-impl<F> ReadyNotifier<F>
-where
-    F: FnOnce(),
-{
-    fn run_vsock_server(&mut self, mut service: SpIBinder, port: u32) -> bool {
+impl RpcServer {
+    /// Creates a binder RPC server, serving the supplied binder service implementation on the given
+    /// vsock port.
+    pub fn new_vsock(mut service: SpIBinder, port: u32) -> Result<RpcServer, Error> {
         let service = service.as_native_mut();
-        let param = self.as_void_ptr();
 
         // SAFETY: Service ownership is transferring to the server and won't be valid afterward.
         // Plus the binder objects are threadsafe.
-        // RunVsockRpcServerCallback does not retain a reference to `ready_callback` or `param`; it only
-        // uses them before it returns, which is during the lifetime of `self`.
         unsafe {
-            binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::RunVsockRpcServerCallback(
-                service,
-                port,
-                Some(Self::ready_callback),
-                param,
-            )
+            Self::checked_from_ptr(binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_newVsock(service, port))
         }
     }
 
-    fn run_init_unix_domain_server(&mut self, mut service: SpIBinder, socket_name: &str) -> bool {
+    /// Creates a binder RPC server, serving the supplied binder service implementation on the given
+    /// socket file name. The socket should be initialized in init.rc with the same name.
+    pub fn new_init_unix_domain(
+        mut service: SpIBinder,
+        socket_name: &str,
+    ) -> Result<RpcServer, Error> {
         let socket_name = match CString::new(socket_name) {
             Ok(s) => s,
             Err(e) => {
                 log::error!("Cannot convert {} to CString. Error: {:?}", socket_name, e);
-                return false;
+                return Err(Error::from(ErrorKind::InvalidInput));
             }
         };
         let service = service.as_native_mut();
-        let param = self.as_void_ptr();
 
         // SAFETY: Service ownership is transferring to the server and won't be valid afterward.
         // Plus the binder objects are threadsafe.
-        // RunInitUnixDomainRpcServer does not retain a reference to `ready_callback` or `param`;
-        // it only uses them before it returns, which is during the lifetime of `self`.
         unsafe {
-            binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::RunInitUnixDomainRpcServer(
+            Self::checked_from_ptr(binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_newInitUnixDomain(
                 service,
                 socket_name.as_ptr(),
-                Some(Self::ready_callback),
-                param,
-            )
+            ))
         }
     }
 
-    fn as_void_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut raw::c_void {
-        self as *mut _ as *mut raw::c_void
-    }
-
-    unsafe extern "C" fn ready_callback(param: *mut raw::c_void) {
-        // SAFETY: This is only ever called by `RunVsockRpcServerCallback`, within the lifetime of the
-        // `ReadyNotifier`, with `param` taking the value returned by `as_void_ptr` (so a properly
-        // aligned non-null pointer to an initialized instance).
-        let ready_notifier = param as *mut Self;
-        ready_notifier.as_mut().unwrap().notify()
-    }
-
-    fn notify(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(on_ready) = self.0.take() {
-            on_ready();
+    unsafe fn checked_from_ptr(ptr: *mut ARpcServer) -> Result<RpcServer, Error> {
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "Failed to start server"));
         }
+        Ok(RpcServer::from_ptr(ptr))
+    }
+}
+
+impl RpcServerRef {
+    /// Starts a new background thread and calls join(). Returns immediately.
+    pub fn start(&self) {
+        unsafe { binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_start(self.as_ptr()) };
+    }
+
+    /// Joins the RpcServer thread. The call blocks until the server terminates.
+    /// This must be called from exactly one thread.
+    pub fn join(&self) {
+        unsafe { binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_join(self.as_ptr()) };
+    }
+
+    /// Shuts down the running RpcServer. Can be called multiple times and from
+    /// multiple threads. Called automatically during drop().
+    pub fn shutdown(&self) {
+        unsafe { binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_shutdown(self.as_ptr()) };
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs
index dee05d0..6f686fb 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 use crate::proxy::SpIBinder;
 use crate::sys;
 
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::ffi::{c_void, CStr, CString};
 use std::fs::File;
@@ -508,10 +507,8 @@
     _private: (),
 }
 
-lazy_static! {
-    // Count of how many LazyServiceGuard objects are in existence.
-    static ref GUARD_COUNT: Mutex<u64> = Mutex::new(0);
-}
+// Count of how many LazyServiceGuard objects are in existence.
+static GUARD_COUNT: Mutex<u64> = Mutex::new(0);
 
 impl LazyServiceGuard {
     /// Create a new LazyServiceGuard to prevent the service manager prematurely killing this
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs
index 4e10fa9..ca2cedc 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
         let instances = binder::get_declared_instances("android.hardware.light.ILights")
             .expect("Could not get declared instances");
 
-        let expected_defaults = if has_lights { 1 } else { 0 };
+        let expected_defaults = usize::from(has_lights);
         assert_eq!(expected_defaults, instances.iter().filter(|i| i.as_str() == "default").count());
     }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
index 03e4a23..a999d59 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
@@ -723,5 +723,7 @@
             "smoreland@google.com",
             "waghpawan@google.com",
         ],
+        // Adds bugs to hotlist "AIDL fuzzers bugs" on buganizer
+        hotlists: ["4637097"],
     },
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/BinderRpcTestServerConfig.aidl b/libs/binder/tests/BinderRpcTestServerConfig.aidl
index aac4b04..b2e0ef2 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/BinderRpcTestServerConfig.aidl
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/BinderRpcTestServerConfig.aidl
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
     int rpcSecurity;
     int serverVersion;
     int vsockPort;
-    int unixBootstrapFd; // Inherited from parent
-    int socketFd;
+    int socketFd; // Inherited from the parent process.
     @utf8InCpp String addr;
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
index 79bd9d4..02aa45f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
@@ -252,17 +252,19 @@
                                                    singleThreaded ? "_single_threaded" : "",
                                                    noKernel ? "_no_kernel" : "");
 
-    base::unique_fd bootstrapClientFd, bootstrapServerFd, socketFd;
-    // Do not set O_CLOEXEC, bootstrapServerFd needs to survive fork/exec.
-    // This is because we cannot pass ParcelFileDescriptor over a pipe.
-    if (!base::Socketpair(SOCK_STREAM, &bootstrapClientFd, &bootstrapServerFd)) {
-        int savedErrno = errno;
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Failed socketpair(): " << strerror(savedErrno);
-    }
+    base::unique_fd bootstrapClientFd, socketFd;
+
     auto addr = allocateSocketAddress();
     // Initializes the socket before the fork/exec.
     if (socketType == SocketType::UNIX_RAW) {
         socketFd = initUnixSocket(addr);
+    } else if (socketType == SocketType::UNIX_BOOTSTRAP) {
+        // Do not set O_CLOEXEC, bootstrapServerFd needs to survive fork/exec.
+        // This is because we cannot pass ParcelFileDescriptor over a pipe.
+        if (!base::Socketpair(SOCK_STREAM, &bootstrapClientFd, &socketFd)) {
+            int savedErrno = errno;
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed socketpair(): " << strerror(savedErrno);
+        }
     }
 
     auto ret = std::make_unique<LinuxProcessSession>(
@@ -280,7 +282,6 @@
     serverConfig.serverVersion = serverVersion;
     serverConfig.vsockPort = allocateVsockPort();
     serverConfig.addr = addr;
-    serverConfig.unixBootstrapFd = bootstrapServerFd.get();
     serverConfig.socketFd = socketFd.get();
     for (auto mode : options.serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes) {
         serverConfig.serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes.push_back(
@@ -912,6 +913,33 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(status.transactionError(), BAD_VALUE) << status;
 }
 
+TEST_P(BinderRpc, AppendInvalidFd) {
+    auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
+            .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX,
+            .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
+                    {RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX},
+    });
+
+    int badFd = fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(badFd, -1);
+
+    // Close the file descriptor so it becomes invalid for dup
+    close(badFd);
+
+    Parcel p1;
+    p1.markForBinder(proc.rootBinder);
+    p1.writeInt32(3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(OK, p1.writeFileDescriptor(badFd, false));
+
+    Parcel pRaw;
+    pRaw.markForBinder(proc.rootBinder);
+    EXPECT_EQ(OK, pRaw.appendFrom(&p1, 0, p1.dataSize()));
+
+    pRaw.setDataPosition(0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, pRaw.readInt32());
+    ASSERT_EQ(-1, pRaw.readFileDescriptor());
+}
+
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, WorksWithLibbinderNdkPing) {
     if constexpr (!kEnableSharedLibs) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Test disabled because Binder was built as a static library";
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp
index cc40995..995e761 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     server->setSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes(serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes);
 
     unsigned int outPort = 0;
-    base::unique_fd unixBootstrapFd(serverConfig.unixBootstrapFd);
+    base::unique_fd socketFd(serverConfig.socketFd);
 
     switch (socketType) {
         case SocketType::PRECONNECTED:
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@
                     << serverConfig.addr;
             break;
         case SocketType::UNIX_BOOTSTRAP:
-            CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupUnixDomainSocketBootstrapServer(std::move(unixBootstrapFd)));
+            CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupUnixDomainSocketBootstrapServer(std::move(socketFd)));
             break;
         case SocketType::UNIX_RAW:
-            CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupRawSocketServer(base::unique_fd(serverConfig.socketFd)));
+            CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupRawSocketServer(std::move(socketFd)));
             break;
         case SocketType::VSOCK:
             CHECK_EQ(OK, server->setupVsockServer(serverConfig.vsockPort));
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
index 25f6096..86461c8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <fuzzbinder/random_parcel.h>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -30,10 +31,17 @@
             .extraFds = {},
     };
 
+    if (provider.ConsumeBool()) {
+        // set calling uid
+        IPCThreadState::self()->restoreCallingIdentity(provider.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>());
+    }
+
     while (provider.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
         uint32_t code = provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
         uint32_t flags = provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
         Parcel data;
+        // for increased fuzz coverage
+        data.setEnforceNoDataAvail(provider.ConsumeBool());
 
         sp<IBinder> target = options.extraBinders.at(
                 provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, options.extraBinders.size() - 1));
@@ -50,6 +58,8 @@
         fillRandomParcel(&data, FuzzedDataProvider(subData.data(), subData.size()), &options);
 
         Parcel reply;
+        // for increased fuzz coverage
+        reply.setEnforceNoDataAvail(provider.ConsumeBool());
         (void)target->transact(code, data, &reply, flags);
 
         // feed back in binders and fds that are returned from the service, so that
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/include/log/log.h b/libs/binder/trusty/include/log/log.h
index bf877a3..d88d18a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/trusty/include/log/log.h
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/include/log/log.h
@@ -120,3 +120,7 @@
     do {                                                                 \
         TLOGE("android_errorWriteLog: tag:%x subTag:%s\n", tag, subTag); \
     } while (0)
+
+extern "C" inline void __assert(const char* file, int line, const char* str) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s:%d: assertion \"%s\" failed", file, line, str);
+}
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp b/libs/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
index 480ec79..1109ad8 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
 status_t ServiceManager::addService(const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service,
                                 bool /*allowIsolated*/,
                                 int /*dumpsysFlags*/) {
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        return UNEXPECTED_NULL;
+    }
     mNameToService[name] = service;
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -103,4 +106,8 @@
     std::vector<IServiceManager::ServiceDebugInfo> ret;
     return ret;
 }
+
+void ServiceManager::clear() {
+    mNameToService.clear();
+}
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.h b/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.h
index ee0637e..ba6bb7d 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.h
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/include/fakeservicemanager/ServiceManager.h
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@
 
     std::vector<IServiceManager::ServiceDebugInfo> getServiceDebugInfo() override;
 
+    // Clear all of the registered services
+    void clear();
+
 private:
     std::map<String16, sp<IBinder>> mNameToService;
 };
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp b/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp
index 71e5abe..8682c1c 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/test_sm.cpp
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@
         IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), OK);
 }
 
+TEST(AddService, SadNullBinder) {
+    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), nullptr, false /*allowIsolated*/,
+        IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), android::UNEXPECTED_NULL);
+}
+
 TEST(AddService, HappyOverExistingService) {
     auto sm = new ServiceManager();
     EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
@@ -58,6 +64,15 @@
         IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), OK);
 }
 
+TEST(AddService, HappyClearAddedService) {
+    auto sm = new ServiceManager();
+    EXPECT_EQ(sm->addService(String16("foo"), getBinder(), false /*allowIsolated*/,
+        IServiceManager::DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), OK);
+    EXPECT_NE(sm->getService(String16("foo")), nullptr);
+    sm->clear();
+    EXPECT_EQ(sm->getService(String16("foo")), nullptr);
+}
+
 TEST(GetService, HappyHappy) {
     auto sm = new ServiceManager();
     sp<IBinder> service = getBinder();
diff --git a/libs/ftl/Android.bp b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
index df0b271..8e57152 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
         "flags_test.cpp",
         "future_test.cpp",
         "match_test.cpp",
+        "mixins_test.cpp",
         "non_null_test.cpp",
         "optional_test.cpp",
         "shared_mutex_test.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/ftl/mixins_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/mixins_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c9f9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ftl/mixins_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ftl/mixins.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace android::test {
+namespace {
+
+// Keep in sync with example usage in header file.
+
+struct Id : ftl::Constructible<Id, std::int32_t>, ftl::Equatable<Id> {
+  using Constructible::Constructible;
+};
+
+static_assert(!std::is_default_constructible_v<Id>);
+
+struct Color : ftl::DefaultConstructible<Color, std::uint8_t>,
+               ftl::Equatable<Color>,
+               ftl::Orderable<Color> {
+  using DefaultConstructible::DefaultConstructible;
+};
+
+static_assert(Color() == Color(0u));
+static_assert(ftl::to_underlying(Color(-1)) == 255u);
+static_assert(Color(1u) < Color(2u));
+
+struct Sequence : ftl::DefaultConstructible<Sequence, std::int8_t, -1>,
+                  ftl::Equatable<Sequence>,
+                  ftl::Orderable<Sequence>,
+                  ftl::Incrementable<Sequence> {
+  using DefaultConstructible::DefaultConstructible;
+};
+
+static_assert(Sequence() == Sequence(-1));
+
+struct Timeout : ftl::DefaultConstructible<Timeout, std::chrono::seconds, 10>,
+                 ftl::Equatable<Timeout>,
+                 ftl::Addable<Timeout> {
+  using DefaultConstructible::DefaultConstructible;
+};
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+static_assert(Timeout() + Timeout(5s) == Timeout(15s));
+
+// Construction.
+constexpr Id kId{1234};
+constexpr Sequence kSequence;
+
+// Underlying value.
+static_assert(ftl::to_underlying(Id(-42)) == -42);
+static_assert(ftl::to_underlying(kSequence) == -1);
+
+// Casting.
+static_assert(static_cast<std::int32_t>(Id(-1)) == -1);
+static_assert(static_cast<std::int8_t>(kSequence) == -1);
+
+static_assert(!std::is_convertible_v<std::int32_t, Id>);
+static_assert(!std::is_convertible_v<Id, std::int32_t>);
+
+// Equality.
+static_assert(kId == Id(1234));
+static_assert(kId != Id(123));
+static_assert(kSequence == Sequence(-1));
+
+// Ordering.
+static_assert(Sequence(1) < Sequence(2));
+static_assert(Sequence(2) > Sequence(1));
+static_assert(Sequence(3) <= Sequence(4));
+static_assert(Sequence(4) >= Sequence(3));
+static_assert(Sequence(5) <= Sequence(5));
+static_assert(Sequence(6) >= Sequence(6));
+
+// Incrementing.
+template <typename Op, typename T, typename... Ts>
+constexpr auto mutable_op(Op op, T lhs, Ts... rhs) {
+  const T result = op(lhs, rhs...);
+  return std::make_pair(lhs, result);
+}
+
+static_assert(mutable_op([](auto& lhs) { return ++lhs; }, Sequence()) ==
+              std::make_pair(Sequence(0), Sequence(0)));
+
+static_assert(mutable_op([](auto& lhs) { return lhs++; }, Sequence()) ==
+              std::make_pair(Sequence(0), Sequence(-1)));
+
+// Addition.
+
+// `Addable` implies `Incrementable`.
+static_assert(mutable_op([](auto& lhs) { return ++lhs; }, Timeout()) ==
+              std::make_pair(Timeout(11s), Timeout(11s)));
+
+static_assert(mutable_op([](auto& lhs) { return lhs++; }, Timeout()) ==
+              std::make_pair(Timeout(11s), Timeout(10s)));
+
+static_assert(Timeout(5s) + Timeout(6s) == Timeout(11s));
+
+static_assert(mutable_op([](auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) { return lhs += rhs; }, Timeout(7s),
+                         Timeout(8s)) == std::make_pair(Timeout(15s), Timeout(15s)));
+
+// Type safety.
+
+namespace traits {
+
+template <typename, typename = void>
+struct is_incrementable : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_incrementable<T, std::void_t<decltype(++std::declval<T&>())>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr bool is_incrementable_v = is_incrementable<T>{};
+
+template <typename, typename, typename, typename = void>
+struct has_binary_op : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename Op, typename T, typename U>
+struct has_binary_op<Op, T, U, std::void_t<decltype(Op{}(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>()))>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool is_equatable_v =
+    has_binary_op<std::equal_to<void>, T, U>{} && has_binary_op<std::not_equal_to<void>, T, U>{};
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool is_orderable_v =
+    has_binary_op<std::less<void>, T, U>{} && has_binary_op<std::less_equal<void>, T, U>{} &&
+    has_binary_op<std::greater<void>, T, U>{} && has_binary_op<std::greater_equal<void>, T, U>{};
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool is_addable_v = has_binary_op<std::plus<void>, T, U>{};
+
+}  // namespace traits
+
+struct Real : ftl::Constructible<Real, float> {
+  using Constructible::Constructible;
+};
+
+static_assert(traits::is_equatable_v<Id, Id>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_equatable_v<Real, Real>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_equatable_v<Id, Color>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_equatable_v<Sequence, Id>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_equatable_v<Id, std::int32_t>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_equatable_v<std::chrono::seconds, Timeout>);
+
+static_assert(traits::is_orderable_v<Color, Color>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_orderable_v<Id, Id>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_orderable_v<Real, Real>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_orderable_v<Color, Sequence>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_orderable_v<Color, std::uint8_t>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_orderable_v<std::chrono::seconds, Timeout>);
+
+static_assert(traits::is_incrementable_v<Sequence>);
+static_assert(traits::is_incrementable_v<Timeout>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_incrementable_v<Id>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_incrementable_v<Color>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_incrementable_v<Real>);
+
+static_assert(traits::is_addable_v<Timeout, Timeout>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_addable_v<Id, Id>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_addable_v<Real, Real>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_addable_v<Sequence, Sequence>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_addable_v<Timeout, Sequence>);
+static_assert(!traits::is_addable_v<Color, Timeout>);
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
index f7410c2..6b3b6c4 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/optional_test.cpp
@@ -164,4 +164,35 @@
                      }));
 }
 
+// Comparison.
+namespace {
+
+constexpr Optional<int> kOptional1 = 1;
+constexpr Optional<int> kAnotherOptional1 = 1;
+constexpr Optional<int> kOptional2 = 2;
+constexpr Optional<int> kOptionalEmpty, kAnotherOptionalEmpty;
+
+constexpr std::optional<int> kStdOptional1 = 1;
+
+static_assert(kOptional1 == kAnotherOptional1);
+
+static_assert(kOptional1 != kOptional2);
+static_assert(kOptional2 != kOptional1);
+
+static_assert(kOptional1 != kOptionalEmpty);
+static_assert(kOptionalEmpty != kOptional1);
+
+static_assert(kOptionalEmpty == kAnotherOptionalEmpty);
+
+static_assert(kOptional1 == kStdOptional1);
+static_assert(kStdOptional1 == kOptional1);
+
+static_assert(kOptional2 != kStdOptional1);
+static_assert(kStdOptional1 != kOptional2);
+
+static_assert(kOptional2 != kOptionalEmpty);
+static_assert(kOptionalEmpty != kOptional2);
+
+} // namespace
+
 }  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
index 4c887ec..a77ca04 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@
     virtual ~BpSurfaceComposer();
 
     status_t setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                                 const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
-                                 const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
-                                 const sp<IBinder>& applyToken, const InputWindowCommands& commands,
-                                 int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                                 const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
+                                 Vector<ComposerState>& state, const Vector<DisplayState>& displays,
+                                 uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
+                                 const InputWindowCommands& commands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
+                                 bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer,
+                                 bool hasListenerCallbacks,
                                  const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
                                  uint64_t transactionId) override {
         Parcel data, reply;
diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
index 924e65e..95962af 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
@@ -24,10 +24,31 @@
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
+#include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
 #include <private/gui/ParcelUtils.h>
 #include <system/window.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 
+#define CHECK_DIFF(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD)          \
+    {                                                               \
+        if ((OTHER.what & CHANGE_FLAG) && (FIELD != OTHER.FIELD)) { \
+            DIFF_RESULT |= CHANGE_FLAG;                             \
+        }                                                           \
+    }
+
+#define CHECK_DIFF2(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD1, FIELD2) \
+    {                                                                \
+        CHECK_DIFF(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD1)          \
+        CHECK_DIFF(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD2)          \
+    }
+
+#define CHECK_DIFF3(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD1, FIELD2, FIELD3) \
+    {                                                                        \
+        CHECK_DIFF(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD1)                  \
+        CHECK_DIFF(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD2)                  \
+        CHECK_DIFF(DIFF_RESULT, CHANGE_FLAG, OTHER, FIELD3)                  \
+    }
+
 namespace android {
 
 using gui::FocusRequest;
@@ -626,6 +647,74 @@
     }
 }
 
+uint64_t layer_state_t::diff(const layer_state_t& other) const {
+    uint64_t diff = 0;
+    CHECK_DIFF2(diff, ePositionChanged, other, x, y);
+    if (other.what & eLayerChanged) {
+        diff |= eLayerChanged;
+        diff &= ~eRelativeLayerChanged;
+    }
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eAlphaChanged, other, color.a);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eMatrixChanged, other, matrix);
+    if (other.what & eTransparentRegionChanged &&
+        (!transparentRegion.hasSameRects(other.transparentRegion))) {
+        diff |= eTransparentRegionChanged;
+    }
+    if (other.what & eFlagsChanged) {
+        uint64_t changedFlags = (flags & other.mask) ^ (other.flags & other.mask);
+        if (changedFlags) diff |= eFlagsChanged;
+    }
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eLayerStackChanged, other, layerStack);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eCornerRadiusChanged, other, cornerRadius);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged, other, backgroundBlurRadius);
+    if (other.what & eBlurRegionsChanged) diff |= eBlurRegionsChanged;
+    if (other.what & eRelativeLayerChanged) {
+        diff |= eRelativeLayerChanged;
+        diff &= ~eLayerChanged;
+    }
+    if (other.what & eReparent &&
+        !SurfaceControl::isSameSurface(parentSurfaceControlForChild,
+                                       other.parentSurfaceControlForChild)) {
+        diff |= eReparent;
+    }
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eBufferTransformChanged, other, bufferTransform);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged, other, transformToDisplayInverse);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eCropChanged, other, crop);
+    if (other.what & eBufferChanged) diff |= eBufferChanged;
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eDataspaceChanged, other, dataspace);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eHdrMetadataChanged, other, hdrMetadata);
+    if (other.what & eSurfaceDamageRegionChanged &&
+        (!surfaceDamageRegion.hasSameRects(other.surfaceDamageRegion))) {
+        diff |= eSurfaceDamageRegionChanged;
+    }
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eApiChanged, other, api);
+    if (other.what & eSidebandStreamChanged) diff |= eSidebandStreamChanged;
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eApiChanged, other, api);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eColorTransformChanged, other, colorTransform);
+    if (other.what & eHasListenerCallbacksChanged) diff |= eHasListenerCallbacksChanged;
+    if (other.what & eInputInfoChanged) diff |= eInputInfoChanged;
+    CHECK_DIFF3(diff, eBackgroundColorChanged, other, color.rgb, bgColorAlpha, bgColorDataspace);
+    if (other.what & eMetadataChanged) diff |= eMetadataChanged;
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eShadowRadiusChanged, other, shadowRadius);
+    CHECK_DIFF3(diff, eRenderBorderChanged, other, borderEnabled, borderWidth, borderColor);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eDefaultFrameRateCompatibilityChanged, other, defaultFrameRateCompatibility);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFrameRateSelectionPriority, other, frameRateSelectionPriority);
+    CHECK_DIFF3(diff, eFrameRateChanged, other, frameRate, frameRateCompatibility,
+                changeFrameRateStrategy);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFixedTransformHintChanged, other, fixedTransformHint);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eAutoRefreshChanged, other, autoRefresh);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eTrustedOverlayChanged, other, isTrustedOverlay);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eStretchChanged, other, stretchEffect);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eBufferCropChanged, other, bufferCrop);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eDestinationFrameChanged, other, destinationFrame);
+    if (other.what & eProducerDisconnect) diff |= eProducerDisconnect;
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eDropInputModeChanged, other, dropInputMode);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eColorChanged, other, color.rgb);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged, other, colorSpaceAgnostic);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eDimmingEnabledChanged, other, dimmingEnabled);
+    return diff;
+}
+
 bool layer_state_t::hasBufferChanges() const {
     return what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
index c4fb1cf..edb18a8 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
@@ -1108,9 +1108,12 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     auto& mapper = GraphicBufferMapper::get();
     mapper.setDataspace(buffer->handle, static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(queueBufferInput.dataSpace));
-    mapper.setSmpte2086(buffer->handle, queueBufferInput.getHdrMetadata().getSmpte2086());
-    mapper.setCta861_3(buffer->handle, queueBufferInput.getHdrMetadata().getCta8613());
-    mapper.setSmpte2094_40(buffer->handle, queueBufferInput.getHdrMetadata().getHdr10Plus());
+    if (mHdrMetadataIsSet & HdrMetadata::SMPTE2086)
+        mapper.setSmpte2086(buffer->handle, queueBufferInput.getHdrMetadata().getSmpte2086());
+    if (mHdrMetadataIsSet & HdrMetadata::CTA861_3)
+        mapper.setCta861_3(buffer->handle, queueBufferInput.getHdrMetadata().getCta8613());
+    if (mHdrMetadataIsSet & HdrMetadata::HDR10PLUS)
+        mapper.setSmpte2094_40(buffer->handle, queueBufferInput.getHdrMetadata().getHdr10Plus());
 }
 
 void Surface::onBufferQueuedLocked(int slot, sp<Fence> fence,
@@ -2252,6 +2255,7 @@
 int Surface::setBuffersSmpte2086Metadata(const android_smpte2086_metadata* metadata) {
     ALOGV("Surface::setBuffersSmpte2086Metadata");
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
+    mHdrMetadataIsSet |= HdrMetadata::SMPTE2086;
     if (metadata) {
         mHdrMetadata.smpte2086 = *metadata;
         mHdrMetadata.validTypes |= HdrMetadata::SMPTE2086;
@@ -2264,6 +2268,7 @@
 int Surface::setBuffersCta8613Metadata(const android_cta861_3_metadata* metadata) {
     ALOGV("Surface::setBuffersCta8613Metadata");
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
+    mHdrMetadataIsSet |= HdrMetadata::CTA861_3;
     if (metadata) {
         mHdrMetadata.cta8613 = *metadata;
         mHdrMetadata.validTypes |= HdrMetadata::CTA861_3;
@@ -2276,6 +2281,7 @@
 int Surface::setBuffersHdr10PlusMetadata(const size_t size, const uint8_t* metadata) {
     ALOGV("Surface::setBuffersBlobMetadata");
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
+    mHdrMetadataIsSet |= HdrMetadata::HDR10PLUS;
     if (size > 0) {
         mHdrMetadata.hdr10plus.assign(metadata, metadata + size);
         mHdrMetadata.validTypes |= HdrMetadata::HDR10PLUS;
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 9e175ec..1e43700 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -912,11 +912,11 @@
     client_cache_t uncacheBuffer;
     uncacheBuffer.token = BufferCache::getInstance().getToken();
     uncacheBuffer.id = cacheId;
-
+    Vector<ComposerState> composerStates;
     status_t status =
-            sf->setTransactionState(FrameTimelineInfo{}, {}, {}, ISurfaceComposer::eOneWay,
-                                    Transaction::getDefaultApplyToken(), {}, systemTime(), true,
-                                    uncacheBuffer, false, {}, generateId());
+            sf->setTransactionState(FrameTimelineInfo{}, composerStates, {},
+                                    ISurfaceComposer::eOneWay, Transaction::getDefaultApplyToken(),
+                                    {}, systemTime(), true, uncacheBuffer, false, {}, generateId());
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
         ALOGE_AND_TRACE("SurfaceComposerClient::doUncacheBufferTransaction - %s",
                         strerror(-status));
@@ -1250,6 +1250,7 @@
     if ((mask & layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque) || (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerHidden) ||
         (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerSecure) || (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot) ||
         (mask & layer_state_t::eEnableBackpressure) ||
+        (mask & layer_state_t::eIgnoreDestinationFrame) ||
         (mask & layer_state_t::eLayerIsDisplayDecoration)) {
         s->what |= layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged;
     }
diff --git a/libs/gui/SyncFeatures.cpp b/libs/gui/SyncFeatures.cpp
index 1a8fc1a..2d863c2 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SyncFeatures.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SyncFeatures.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,12 @@
         mHasFenceSync(false),
         mHasWaitSync(false) {
     EGLDisplay dpy = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
-    // This can only be called after EGL has been initialized; otherwise the
-    // check below will abort.
+    // eglQueryString can only be called after EGL has been initialized;
+    // otherwise the check below will abort.  If RenderEngine is using SkiaVk,
+    // EGL will not have been initialized.  There's no problem with initializing
+    // it again here (it is ref counted), and then terminating it later.
+    EGLBoolean initialized = eglInitialize(dpy, nullptr, nullptr);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!initialized, "eglInitialize failed");
     const char* exts = eglQueryString(dpy, EGL_EXTENSIONS);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(exts == nullptr, "eglQueryString failed");
     if (strstr(exts, "EGL_ANDROID_native_fence_sync")) {
@@ -63,6 +67,8 @@
         mString.append(" EGL_KHR_wait_sync");
     }
     mString.append("]");
+    // Terminate EGL to match the eglInitialize above
+    eglTerminate(dpy);
 }
 
 bool SyncFeatures::useNativeFenceSync() const {
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl
index 80d5ced..75cea15 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl
@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@
 
 package android.gui;
 
-import android.gui.SupportedBufferCombinations;
-
 /** @hide */
 parcelable OverlayProperties {
+    parcelable SupportedBufferCombinations {
+        int[] pixelFormats;
+        int[] dataspaces;
+    }
     SupportedBufferCombinations[] combinations;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/Android.bp b/libs/gui/fuzzer/Android.bp
index 1c61d6b..82e1b5a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@
         "libutils",
         "libnativewindow",
         "libvndksupport",
-        "libbufferhubqueue",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "libdvr_headers",
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
index e91d754..d517e99 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 struct client_cache_t;
-struct ComposerState;
+class ComposerState;
 struct DisplayStatInfo;
 struct DisplayState;
 struct InputWindowCommands;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
 
     /* open/close transactions. requires ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER permission */
     virtual status_t setTransactionState(
-            const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
+            const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, Vector<ComposerState>& state,
             const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
             const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
             bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
index e16f89c..9cf62bc 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@
     Standard = 1,
     Performance = 2,
     Battery = 3,
+    Custom = 4,
 
-    ftl_last = Battery
+    ftl_last = Custom
 };
 
 } // namespace android::gui
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index 45272e7..6ec6bd7 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -201,7 +201,32 @@
     void merge(const layer_state_t& other);
     status_t write(Parcel& output) const;
     status_t read(const Parcel& input);
+    // Compares two layer_state_t structs and returns a set of change flags describing all the
+    // states that are different.
+    uint64_t diff(const layer_state_t& other) const;
     bool hasBufferChanges() const;
+
+    // Changes to the tree structure.
+    static constexpr uint64_t HIERARCHY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged | layer_state_t::eReparent |
+            layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
+    // Content updates.
+    static constexpr uint64_t CONTENT_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged | layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eRenderBorderChanged | layer_state_t::eColorChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBufferChanged | layer_state_t::eDataspaceChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eApiChanged | layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged | layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged | layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged | layer_state_t::eStretchChanged;
+    // Changes to content or children size.
+    static constexpr uint64_t GEOMETRY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::ePositionChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged | layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged | layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged | layer_state_t::eCropChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged;
+
     bool hasValidBuffer() const;
     void sanitize(int32_t permissions);
 
@@ -212,6 +237,11 @@
         float dsdy{0};
         status_t write(Parcel& output) const;
         status_t read(const Parcel& input);
+        inline bool operator==(const matrix22_t& other) const {
+            return std::tie(dsdx, dtdx, dtdy, dsdy) ==
+                    std::tie(other.dsdx, other.dtdx, other.dtdy, other.dsdy);
+        }
+        inline bool operator!=(const matrix22_t& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
     };
     sp<IBinder> surface;
     int32_t layerId;
@@ -311,7 +341,8 @@
     bool dimmingEnabled;
 };
 
-struct ComposerState {
+class ComposerState {
+public:
     layer_state_t state;
     status_t write(Parcel& output) const;
     status_t read(const Parcel& input);
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
index 7aec0bf..b9ccdc9 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
@@ -486,6 +486,11 @@
     // queue operation.  There is no HDR metadata by default.
     HdrMetadata mHdrMetadata;
 
+    // mHdrMetadataIsSet is a bitfield to track which HDR metadata has been set.
+    // Prevent Surface from resetting HDR metadata that was set on a bufer when
+    // HDR metadata is not set on this Surface.
+    uint32_t mHdrMetadataIsSet{0};
+
     // mCrop is the crop rectangle that will be used for the next buffer
     // that gets queued. It is set by calling setCrop.
     Rect mCrop;
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
index ac74c8a..b01a3db 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@
     WindowInfoHandle(const WindowInfo& other);
 
     inline const WindowInfo* getInfo() const { return &mInfo; }
+    inline WindowInfo* editInfo() { return &mInfo; }
 
     sp<IBinder> getToken() const;
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
index 67c669d..6d3b425 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@
     }
 
     status_t setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& /*frameTimelineInfo*/,
-                                 const Vector<ComposerState>& /*state*/,
+                                 Vector<ComposerState>& /*state*/,
                                  const Vector<DisplayState>& /*displays*/, uint32_t /*flags*/,
                                  const sp<IBinder>& /*applyToken*/,
                                  const InputWindowCommands& /*inputWindowCommands*/,
diff --git a/libs/input/Input.cpp b/libs/input/Input.cpp
index cf5a7e7..3685f54 100644
--- a/libs/input/Input.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Input.cpp
@@ -238,6 +238,10 @@
     return (source & test) == test;
 }
 
+bool isStylusToolType(uint32_t toolType) {
+    return toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS || toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER;
+}
+
 VerifiedKeyEvent verifiedKeyEventFromKeyEvent(const KeyEvent& event) {
     return {{VerifiedInputEvent::Type::KEY, event.getDeviceId(), event.getEventTime(),
              event.getSource(), event.getDisplayId()},
diff --git a/libs/input/PropertyMap.cpp b/libs/input/PropertyMap.cpp
index 16ffa10..ed9ac9f 100644
--- a/libs/input/PropertyMap.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/PropertyMap.cpp
@@ -116,25 +116,24 @@
 
     Tokenizer* rawTokenizer;
     status_t status = Tokenizer::open(String8(filename), &rawTokenizer);
-    std::unique_ptr<Tokenizer> tokenizer(rawTokenizer);
     if (status) {
-        ALOGE("Error %d opening property file %s.", status, filename);
-    } else {
-#if DEBUG_PARSER_PERFORMANCE
-            nsecs_t startTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-#endif
-            Parser parser(outMap.get(), tokenizer.get());
-            status = parser.parse();
-#if DEBUG_PARSER_PERFORMANCE
-            nsecs_t elapsedTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC) - startTime;
-            ALOGD("Parsed property file '%s' %d lines in %0.3fms.",
-                  tokenizer->getFilename().string(), tokenizer->getLineNumber(),
-                  elapsedTime / 1000000.0);
-#endif
-            if (status) {
-                return android::base::Error(BAD_VALUE) << "Could not parse " << filename;
-            }
+        return android::base::Error(-status) << "Could not open file: " << filename;
     }
+#if DEBUG_PARSER_PERFORMANCE
+    nsecs_t startTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+#endif
+    std::unique_ptr<Tokenizer> tokenizer(rawTokenizer);
+    Parser parser(outMap.get(), tokenizer.get());
+    status = parser.parse();
+#if DEBUG_PARSER_PERFORMANCE
+    nsecs_t elapsedTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC) - startTime;
+    ALOGD("Parsed property file '%s' %d lines in %0.3fms.", tokenizer->getFilename().string(),
+          tokenizer->getLineNumber(), elapsedTime / 1000000.0);
+#endif
+    if (status) {
+        return android::base::Error(BAD_VALUE) << "Could not parse " << filename;
+    }
+
     return std::move(outMap);
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp b/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp
index e2bfb50..5c008b1 100644
--- a/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@
     reset();
 }
 
+VelocityControlParameters& VelocityControl::getParameters() {
+    return mParameters;
+}
+
 void VelocityControl::setParameters(const VelocityControlParameters& parameters) {
     mParameters = parameters;
     reset();
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
index 0375915..54af7c9 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "recoverymap.cpp",
         "recoverymapmath.cpp",
+        "recoverymaputils.cpp",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.h
index df24b10..5c9c8b6 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.h
@@ -61,6 +61,21 @@
      * decompressImage().
      */
     size_t getDecompressedImageHeight();
+    /*
+     * Returns the XMP data from the image.
+     */
+    void* getXMPPtr();
+    /*
+     * Returns the decompressed XMP buffer size. This method must be called only after
+     * calling decompressImage().
+     */
+    size_t getXMPSize();
+
+    bool getCompressedImageParameters(const void* image, int length,
+                              size_t* pWidth, size_t* pHeight,
+                              std::vector<uint8_t>* &iccData,
+                              std::vector<uint8_t>* &exifData);
+
 private:
     bool decode(const void* image, int length);
     // Returns false if errors occur.
@@ -72,6 +87,9 @@
     static const int kCompressBatchSize = 16;
     // The buffer that holds the decompressed result.
     std::vector<JOCTET> mResultBuffer;
+    // The buffer that holds XMP Data.
+    std::vector<JOCTET> mXMPBuffer;
+
     // Resolution of the decompressed image.
     size_t mWidth;
     size_t mHeight;
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h
index 194cd2f..9f53a57 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR        = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 2,
     ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH     = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 3,
     ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL        = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 4,
+    ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_COLORGAMUT      = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 5,
 
     JPEGR_RUNTIME_ERROR_BASE            = -20000,
     ERROR_JPEGR_ENCODE_ERROR            = JPEGR_RUNTIME_ERROR_BASE - 1,
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h
index b2ca481..5597303 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h
@@ -22,11 +22,24 @@
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
 typedef enum {
-  JPEGR_COLORSPACE_UNSPECIFIED,
-  JPEGR_COLORSPACE_BT709,
-  JPEGR_COLORSPACE_P3,
-  JPEGR_COLORSPACE_BT2100,
-} jpegr_color_space;
+  JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED,
+  JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709,
+  JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3,
+  JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100,
+} jpegr_color_gamut;
+
+// Transfer functions as defined for XMP metadata
+typedef enum {
+  JPEGR_TF_HLG = 0,
+  JPEGR_TF_PQ = 1,
+} jpegr_transfer_function;
+
+struct jpegr_info_struct {
+    size_t width;
+    size_t height;
+    std::vector<uint8_t>* iccData;
+    std::vector<uint8_t>* exifData;
+};
 
 /*
  * Holds information for uncompressed image or recovery map.
@@ -38,8 +51,8 @@
     int width;
     // Height of the recovery map or image in pixels.
     int height;
-    // Color space.
-    jpegr_color_space colorSpace;
+    // Color gamut.
+    jpegr_color_gamut colorGamut;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -48,10 +61,12 @@
 struct jpegr_compressed_struct {
     // Pointer to the data location.
     void* data;
-    // Data length.
+    // Used data length in bytes.
     int length;
-    // Color space.
-    jpegr_color_space colorSpace;
+    // Maximum available data length in bytes.
+    int maxLength;
+    // Color gamut.
+    jpegr_color_gamut colorGamut;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -64,9 +79,52 @@
     int length;
 };
 
+struct chromaticity_coord {
+  float x;
+  float y;
+};
+
+
+struct st2086_metadata {
+  // xy chromaticity coordinate of the red primary of the mastering display
+  chromaticity_coord redPrimary;
+  // xy chromaticity coordinate of the green primary of the mastering display
+  chromaticity_coord greenPrimary;
+  // xy chromaticity coordinate of the blue primary of the mastering display
+  chromaticity_coord bluePrimary;
+  // xy chromaticity coordinate of the white point of the mastering display
+  chromaticity_coord whitePoint;
+  // Maximum luminance in nits of the mastering display
+  uint32_t maxLuminance;
+  // Minimum luminance in nits of the mastering display
+  float minLuminance;
+};
+
+struct hdr10_metadata {
+  // Mastering display color volume
+  st2086_metadata st2086Metadata;
+  // Max frame average light level in nits
+  float maxFALL;
+  // Max content light level in nits
+  float maxCLL;
+};
+
+struct jpegr_metadata {
+  // JPEG/R version
+  uint32_t version;
+  // Range scaling factor for the map
+  float rangeScalingFactor;
+  // The transfer function for decoding the HDR representation of the image
+  jpegr_transfer_function transferFunction;
+  // HDR10 metadata, only applicable for transferFunction of JPEGR_TF_PQ
+  hdr10_metadata hdr10Metadata;
+};
+
 typedef struct jpegr_uncompressed_struct* jr_uncompressed_ptr;
 typedef struct jpegr_compressed_struct* jr_compressed_ptr;
 typedef struct jpegr_exif_struct* jr_exif_ptr;
+typedef struct jpegr_metadata* jr_metadata_ptr;
+typedef struct jpegr_info_struct* jr_info_ptr;
 
 class RecoveryMap {
 public:
@@ -75,9 +133,10 @@
      *
      * Generate recovery map from the HDR and SDR inputs, compress SDR YUV to 8-bit JPEG and append
      * the recovery map to the end of the compressed JPEG. HDR and SDR inputs must be the same
-     * resolution and color space.
+     * resolution.
      * @param uncompressed_p010_image uncompressed HDR image in P010 color format
      * @param uncompressed_yuv_420_image uncompressed SDR image in YUV_420 color format
+     * @param hdr_tf transfer function of the HDR image
      * @param dest destination of the compressed JPEGR image
      * @param quality target quality of the JPEG encoding, must be in range of 0-100 where 100 is
      *                the highest quality
@@ -86,6 +145,7 @@
      */
     status_t encodeJPEGR(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                          jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
+                         jpegr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                          jr_compressed_ptr dest,
                          int quality,
                          jr_exif_ptr exif);
@@ -100,12 +160,14 @@
      * @param uncompressed_p010_image uncompressed HDR image in P010 color format
      * @param uncompressed_yuv_420_image uncompressed SDR image in YUV_420 color format
      * @param compressed_jpeg_image compressed 8-bit JPEG image
+     * @param hdr_tf transfer function of the HDR image
      * @param dest destination of the compressed JPEGR image
      * @return NO_ERROR if encoding succeeds, error code if error occurs.
      */
     status_t encodeJPEGR(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                          jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
                          jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
+                         jpegr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                          jr_compressed_ptr dest);
 
     /*
@@ -115,27 +177,28 @@
      *
      * Decode the compressed 8-bit JPEG image to YUV SDR, generate recovery map from the HDR input
      * and the decoded SDR result, append the recovery map to the end of the compressed JPEG. HDR
-     * and SDR inputs must be the same resolution and color space.
+     * and SDR inputs must be the same resolution.
      * @param uncompressed_p010_image uncompressed HDR image in P010 color format
      * @param compressed_jpeg_image compressed 8-bit JPEG image
+     * @param hdr_tf transfer function of the HDR image
      * @param dest destination of the compressed JPEGR image
      * @return NO_ERROR if encoding succeeds, error code if error occurs.
      */
     status_t encodeJPEGR(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                          jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
+                         jpegr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                          jr_compressed_ptr dest);
 
     /*
      * Decompress JPEGR image.
      *
+     * The output JPEGR image is in RGBA_1010102 data format if decoding to HDR.
      * @param compressed_jpegr_image compressed JPEGR image
      * @param dest destination of the uncompressed JPEGR image
-     * @param exif destination of the decoded EXIF metadata. Default value is nullptr where EXIF
-     *             metadata will not be decoded.
-     * @param request_sdr flag that request SDR output, default to false (request HDR output). If
-     *                    set to true, decoder will only decode the primary image which is SDR.
-     *                    Setting of request_sdr and input source (HDR or SDR) can be found in
-     *                    the table below:
+     * @param exif destination of the decoded EXIF metadata.
+     * @param request_sdr flag that request SDR output. If set to true, decoder will only decode
+     *                    the primary image which is SDR. Setting of request_sdr and input source
+     *                    (HDR or SDR) can be found in the table below:
      *                    |  input source  |  request_sdr  |  output of decoding  |
      *                    |       HDR      |     true      |          SDR         |
      *                    |       HDR      |     false     |          HDR         |
@@ -147,6 +210,17 @@
                          jr_uncompressed_ptr dest,
                          jr_exif_ptr exif = nullptr,
                          bool request_sdr = false);
+
+    /*
+    * Gets Info from JPEGR file without decoding it.
+    *
+    * The output is filled jpegr_info structure
+    * @param compressed_jpegr_image compressed JPEGR image
+    * @param jpegr_info pointer to output JPEGR info
+    * @return NO_ERROR if JPEGR parsing succeeds, error code otherwise
+    */
+    status_t getJPEGRInfo(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
+                          jr_info_ptr jpegr_info);
 private:
     /*
      * This method is called in the decoding pipeline. It will decode the recovery map.
@@ -176,29 +250,46 @@
      * @param uncompressed_yuv_420_image uncompressed SDR image in YUV_420 color format
      * @param uncompressed_p010_image uncompressed HDR image in P010 color format
      * @param dest recovery map; caller responsible for memory of data
-     * @param hdr_ratio HDR ratio will be updated in this method
+     * @param metadata metadata provides the transfer function for the HDR
+     *                 image; range_scaling_factor and hdr10 FALL and CLL will
+     *                 be updated.
      * @return NO_ERROR if calculation succeeds, error code if error occurs.
      */
     status_t generateRecoveryMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
                                  jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
-                                 jr_uncompressed_ptr dest,
-                                 float &hdr_ratio);
+                                 jr_metadata_ptr metadata,
+                                 jr_uncompressed_ptr dest);
 
     /*
      * This method is called in the decoding pipeline. It will take the uncompressed (decoded)
-     * 8-bit yuv image and the uncompressed (decoded) recovery map as input, and calculate the
-     * 10-bit recovered image (in p010 color format).
+     * 8-bit yuv image, the uncompressed (decoded) recovery map, and extracted JPEG/R metadata as
+     * input, and calculate the 10-bit recovered image. The recovered output image is the same
+     * color gamut as the SDR image, with the transfer function specified in the JPEG/R metadata,
+     * and is in RGBA1010102 data format.
      *
      * @param uncompressed_yuv_420_image uncompressed SDR image in YUV_420 color format
      * @param uncompressed_recovery_map uncompressed recovery map
+     * @param metadata JPEG/R metadata extracted from XMP.
      * @param dest reconstructed HDR image
      * @return NO_ERROR if calculation succeeds, error code if error occurs.
      */
     status_t applyRecoveryMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
                               jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_recovery_map,
+                              jr_metadata_ptr metadata,
                               jr_uncompressed_ptr dest);
 
     /*
+     * This methoud is called to separate primary image and recovery map image from JPEGR
+     *
+     * @param compressed_jpegr_image compressed JPEGR image
+     * @param primary_image destination of primary image
+     * @param recovery_map destination of compressed recovery map
+     * @return NO_ERROR if calculation succeeds, error code if error occurs.
+    */
+    status_t extractPrimaryImageAndRecoveryMap(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
+                                               jr_compressed_ptr primary_image,
+                                               jr_compressed_ptr recovery_map);
+    /*
      * This method is called in the decoding pipeline. It will read XMP metadata to find the start
      * position of the compressed recovery map, and will extract the compressed recovery map.
      *
@@ -206,7 +297,8 @@
      * @param dest destination of compressed recovery map
      * @return NO_ERROR if calculation succeeds, error code if error occurs.
      */
-    status_t extractRecoveryMap(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image, jr_compressed_ptr dest);
+    status_t extractRecoveryMap(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
+                                jr_compressed_ptr dest);
 
     /*
      * This method is called in the encoding pipeline. It will take the standard 8-bit JPEG image
@@ -215,13 +307,13 @@
      *
      * @param compressed_jpeg_image compressed 8-bit JPEG image
      * @param compress_recovery_map compressed recover map
-     * @param hdr_ratio HDR ratio
+     * @param metadata JPEG/R metadata to encode in XMP of the jpeg
      * @param dest compressed JPEGR image
      * @return NO_ERROR if calculation succeeds, error code if error occurs.
      */
     status_t appendRecoveryMap(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
                                jr_compressed_ptr compressed_recovery_map,
-                               float hdr_ratio,
+                               jr_metadata_ptr metadata,
                                jr_compressed_ptr dest);
 
     /*
@@ -229,7 +321,7 @@
      *
      * below is an example of the XMP metadata that this function generates where
      * secondary_image_length = 1000
-     * hdr_ratio = 1.25
+     * range_scaling_factor = 1.25
      *
      * <x:xmpmeta
      *   xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"
@@ -239,7 +331,7 @@
      *     <rdf:Description
      *       xmlns:GContainer="http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/container/">
      *       <GContainer:Version>1</GContainer:Version>
-     *       <GContainer:HdrRatio>1.25</GContainer:HdrRatio>
+     *       <GContainer:RangeScalingFactor>1.25</GContainer:RangeScalingFactor>
      *       <GContainer:Directory>
      *         <rdf:Seq>
      *           <rdf:li>
@@ -260,10 +352,10 @@
      * </x:xmpmeta>
      *
      * @param secondary_image_length length of secondary image
-     * @param hdr_ratio hdr ratio
+     * @param metadata JPEG/R metadata to encode as XMP
      * @return XMP metadata in type of string
      */
-    std::string generateXmp(int secondary_image_length, float hdr_ratio);
+    std::string generateXmp(int secondary_image_length, jpegr_metadata& metadata);
 };
 
 } // namespace android::recoverymap
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h
index 8e9b07b..fe7a651 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Framework
+
 const float kSdrWhiteNits = 100.0f;
 
 struct Color {
@@ -40,36 +43,181 @@
   };
 };
 
-/*
- * Convert from OETF'd bt.2100 RGB to YUV, according to BT.2100
- */
-Color bt2100RgbToYuv(Color e);
+typedef Color (*ColorTransformFn)(Color);
+typedef float (*ColorCalculationFn)(Color);
+
+inline Color operator+=(Color& lhs, const Color& rhs) {
+  lhs.r += rhs.r;
+  lhs.g += rhs.g;
+  lhs.b += rhs.b;
+  return lhs;
+}
+inline Color operator-=(Color& lhs, const Color& rhs) {
+  lhs.r -= rhs.r;
+  lhs.g -= rhs.g;
+  lhs.b -= rhs.b;
+  return lhs;
+}
+
+inline Color operator+(const Color& lhs, const Color& rhs) {
+  Color temp = lhs;
+  return temp += rhs;
+}
+inline Color operator-(const Color& lhs, const Color& rhs) {
+  Color temp = lhs;
+  return temp -= rhs;
+}
+
+inline Color operator+=(Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  lhs.r += rhs;
+  lhs.g += rhs;
+  lhs.b += rhs;
+  return lhs;
+}
+inline Color operator-=(Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  lhs.r -= rhs;
+  lhs.g -= rhs;
+  lhs.b -= rhs;
+  return lhs;
+}
+inline Color operator*=(Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  lhs.r *= rhs;
+  lhs.g *= rhs;
+  lhs.b *= rhs;
+  return lhs;
+}
+inline Color operator/=(Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  lhs.r /= rhs;
+  lhs.g /= rhs;
+  lhs.b /= rhs;
+  return lhs;
+}
+
+inline Color operator+(const Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  Color temp = lhs;
+  return temp += rhs;
+}
+inline Color operator-(const Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  Color temp = lhs;
+  return temp -= rhs;
+}
+inline Color operator*(const Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  Color temp = lhs;
+  return temp *= rhs;
+}
+inline Color operator/(const Color& lhs, const float rhs) {
+  Color temp = lhs;
+  return temp /= rhs;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sRGB transformations
 
 /*
- * Convert srgb YUV to RGB, according to ECMA TR/98.
+ * Calculate the luminance of a linear RGB sRGB pixel, according to IEC 61966-2-1.
  */
-Color srgbYuvToRgb(Color e);
+float srgbLuminance(Color e);
 
 /*
- * TODO: better source for srgb transfer function
- * Convert from srgb to linear, according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB.
+ * Convert from OETF'd srgb YUV to RGB, according to ECMA TR/98.
+ */
+Color srgbYuvToRgb(Color e_gamma);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from OETF'd srgb RGB to YUV, according to ECMA TR/98.
+ */
+Color srgbRgbToYuv(Color e_gamma);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from srgb to linear, according to IEC 61966-2-1.
+ *
  * [0.0, 1.0] range in and out.
  */
-float srgbInvOetf(float e);
-Color srgbInvOetf(Color e);
+float srgbInvOetf(float e_gamma);
+Color srgbInvOetf(Color e_gamma);
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Display-P3 transformations
 
 /*
- * Convert from HLG to scene luminance in nits, according to BT.2100.
+ * Calculated the luminance of a linear RGB P3 pixel, according to EG 432-1.
  */
-float hlgInvOetf(float e);
+float p3Luminance(Color e);
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BT.2100 transformations - according to ITU-R BT.2100-2
 
 /*
- * Convert from scene luminance in nits to HLG,  according to BT.2100.
+ * Calculate the luminance of a linear RGB BT.2100 pixel.
  */
-float hlgOetf(float e);
+float bt2100Luminance(Color e);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from OETF'd BT.2100 RGB to YUV.
+ */
+Color bt2100RgbToYuv(Color e_gamma);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from OETF'd BT.2100 YUV to RGB.
+ */
+Color bt2100YuvToRgb(Color e_gamma);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from scene luminance in nits to HLG.
+ */
 Color hlgOetf(Color e);
 
 /*
+ * Convert from HLG to scene luminance in nits.
+ */
+Color hlgInvOetf(Color e_gamma);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from scene luminance in nits to PQ.
+ */
+Color pqOetf(Color e);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from PQ to scene luminance in nits.
+ */
+Color pqInvOetf(Color e_gamma);
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Color space conversions
+
+/*
+ * Convert between color spaces with linear RGB data, according to ITU-R BT.2407 and EG 432-1.
+ *
+ * All conversions are derived from multiplying the matrix for XYZ to output RGB color gamut by the
+ * matrix for input RGB color gamut to XYZ. The matrix for converting from XYZ to an RGB gamut is
+ * always the inverse of the RGB gamut to XYZ matrix.
+ */
+Color bt709ToP3(Color e);
+Color bt709ToBt2100(Color e);
+Color p3ToBt709(Color e);
+Color p3ToBt2100(Color e);
+Color bt2100ToBt709(Color e);
+Color bt2100ToP3(Color e);
+
+/*
+ * Identity conversion.
+ */
+inline Color identityConversion(Color e) { return e; }
+
+/*
+ * Get the conversion to apply to the HDR image for recovery map generation
+ */
+ColorTransformFn getHdrConversionFn(jpegr_color_gamut sdr_gamut, jpegr_color_gamut hdr_gamut);
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Recovery map calculations
+
+/*
  * Calculate the 8-bit unsigned integer recovery value for the given SDR and HDR
  * luminances in linear space, and the hdr ratio to encode against.
  */
@@ -87,6 +235,11 @@
 Color getYuv420Pixel(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t x, size_t y);
 
 /*
+ * Helper for sampling from images.
+ */
+Color getP010Pixel(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t x, size_t y);
+
+/*
  * Sample the recovery value for the map from a given x,y coordinate on a scale
  * that is map scale factor larger than the map size.
  */
@@ -98,8 +251,20 @@
  *
  * Expect narrow-range image data for P010.
  */
-float sampleYuv420Y(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y);
-float sampleP010Y(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y);
+Color sampleYuv420(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y);
+
+/*
+ * Sample the image Y value at the provided location, with a weighting based on nearby pixels
+ * and the map scale factor. Assumes narrow-range image data for P010.
+ */
+Color sampleP010(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y);
+
+/*
+ * Convert from Color to RGBA1010102.
+ *
+ * Alpha always set to 1.0.
+ */
+uint32_t colorToRgba1010102(Color e_gamma);
 
 } // namespace android::recoverymap
 
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e35f2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPUTILS_H
+#define ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPUTILS_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+
+namespace android::recoverymap {
+
+struct jpegr_metadata;
+
+/*
+ * Parses XMP packet and fills metadata with data from XMP
+ *
+ * @param xmp_data pointer to XMP packet
+ * @param xmp_size size of XMP packet
+ * @param metadata place to store HDR metadata values
+ * @return true if metadata is successfully retrieved, false otherwise
+*/
+bool getMetadataFromXMP(uint8_t* xmp_data, size_t xmp_size, jpegr_metadata* metadata);
+
+}
+
+#endif //ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPUTILS_H
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp
index c1fb6c3..0185e55 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,15 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <setjmp.h>
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace std;
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
+
+const uint32_t kExifMarker = JPEG_APP0 + 1;
+const uint32_t kICCMarker = JPEG_APP0 + 2;
+
 struct jpegr_source_mgr : jpeg_source_mgr {
     jpegr_source_mgr(const uint8_t* ptr, int len);
     ~jpegr_source_mgr();
@@ -88,6 +95,7 @@
     }
 
     mResultBuffer.clear();
+    mXMPBuffer.clear();
     if (!decode(image, length)) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -103,6 +111,15 @@
     return mResultBuffer.size();
 }
 
+void* JpegDecoder::getXMPPtr() {
+    return mXMPBuffer.data();
+}
+
+size_t JpegDecoder::getXMPSize() {
+    return mXMPBuffer.size();
+}
+
+
 size_t JpegDecoder::getDecompressedImageWidth() {
     return mWidth;
 }
@@ -115,6 +132,8 @@
     jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
     jpegr_source_mgr mgr(static_cast<const uint8_t*>(image), length);
     jpegrerror_mgr myerr;
+    string nameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/";
+
     cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&myerr.pub);
     myerr.pub.error_exit = jpegrerror_exit;
 
@@ -124,9 +143,26 @@
     }
     jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);
 
+    jpeg_save_markers(&cinfo, kExifMarker, 0xFFFF);
+
     cinfo.src = &mgr;
     jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE);
 
+    // Save XMP Data
+    for (jpeg_marker_struct* marker = cinfo.marker_list; marker; marker = marker->next) {
+        if (marker->marker == kExifMarker) {
+            const unsigned int len = marker->data_length;
+            if (len > nameSpace.size() &&
+                !strncmp(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(marker->data),
+                         nameSpace.c_str(), nameSpace.size())) {
+                mXMPBuffer.resize(len+1, 0);
+                memcpy(static_cast<void*>(mXMPBuffer.data()), marker->data, len);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
     mWidth = cinfo.image_width;
     mHeight = cinfo.image_height;
 
@@ -161,6 +197,43 @@
     return decompressYUV(cinfo, dest);
 }
 
+bool JpegDecoder::getCompressedImageParameters(const void* image, int length,
+                              size_t *pWidth, size_t *pHeight,
+                              std::vector<uint8_t> *&iccData , std::vector<uint8_t> *&exifData) {
+    jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
+    jpegr_source_mgr mgr(static_cast<const uint8_t*>(image), length);
+    jpegrerror_mgr myerr;
+    cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&myerr.pub);
+    myerr.pub.error_exit = jpegrerror_exit;
+
+    if (setjmp(myerr.setjmp_buffer)) {
+        jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
+        return false;
+    }
+    jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);
+
+    jpeg_save_markers(&cinfo, kExifMarker, 0xFFFF);
+    jpeg_save_markers(&cinfo, kICCMarker, 0xFFFF);
+
+    cinfo.src = &mgr;
+    if (jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE) != JPEG_HEADER_OK) {
+        jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *pWidth = cinfo.image_width;
+    *pHeight = cinfo.image_height;
+
+    //TODO: Parse iccProfile and exifData
+    (void)iccData;
+    (void)exifData;
+
+
+    jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
+    return true;
+}
+
+
 bool JpegDecoder::decompressYUV(jpeg_decompress_struct* cinfo, const uint8_t* dest) {
 
     JSAMPROW y[kCompressBatchSize];
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp
index bd16a68..4a209ec 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp
@@ -14,24 +14,27 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO: need to clean up handling around hdr_ratio and passing it around
-// TODO: need to handle color space information; currently we assume everything
-// is srgb in.
-// TODO: handle PQ encode/decode (currently only HLG)
-
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegencoder.h>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.h>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h>
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h>
 
 #include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_marker.h>
 #include <image_io/xml/xml_writer.h>
+#include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_info.h>
+#include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_scanner.h>
+#include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_info_builder.h>
+#include <image_io/base/data_segment_data_source.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
+#include <cmath>
 
 using namespace std;
+using namespace photos_editing_formats::image_io;
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
@@ -43,9 +46,23 @@
     }                           \
   }
 
+// The current JPEGR version that we encode to
+static const uint32_t kJpegrVersion = 1;
+
 // Map is quarter res / sixteenth size
 static const size_t kMapDimensionScaleFactor = 4;
+// JPEG compress quality (0 ~ 100) for recovery map
+static const int kMapCompressQuality = 85;
 
+// TODO: fill in st2086 metadata
+static const st2086_metadata kSt2086Metadata = {
+  {0.0f, 0.0f},
+  {0.0f, 0.0f},
+  {0.0f, 0.0f},
+  {0.0f, 0.0f},
+  0,
+  1.0f,
+};
 
 /*
  * Helper function used for generating XMP metadata.
@@ -70,7 +87,7 @@
  * @return status of succeed or error code.
  */
 status_t Write(jr_compressed_ptr destination, const void* source, size_t length, int &position) {
-  if (position + length > destination->length) {
+  if (position + length > destination->maxLength) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
   }
 
@@ -81,6 +98,7 @@
 
 status_t RecoveryMap::encodeJPEGR(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                                   jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
+                                  jpegr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                                   jr_compressed_ptr dest,
                                   int quality,
                                   jr_exif_ptr /* exif */) {
@@ -99,21 +117,27 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH;
   }
 
+  jpegr_metadata metadata;
+  metadata.version = kJpegrVersion;
+  metadata.transferFunction = hdr_tf;
+  if (hdr_tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+    metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata = kSt2086Metadata;
+  }
+
   jpegr_uncompressed_struct map;
-  float hdr_ratio = 0.0f;
   JPEGR_CHECK(generateRecoveryMap(
-      uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_p010_image, &map, hdr_ratio));
+      uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_p010_image, &metadata, &map));
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> map_data;
   map_data.reset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map.data));
 
   jpegr_compressed_struct compressed_map;
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> compressed_map_data =
-      std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(map.width * map.height);
+  compressed_map.maxLength = map.width * map.height;
+  unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> compressed_map_data = make_unique<uint8_t[]>(compressed_map.maxLength);
   compressed_map.data = compressed_map_data.get();
   JPEGR_CHECK(compressRecoveryMap(&map, &compressed_map));
 
   JpegEncoder jpeg_encoder;
-  // TODO: ICC data - need color space information
+  // TODO: determine ICC data based on color gamut information
   if (!jpeg_encoder.compressImage(uncompressed_yuv_420_image->data,
                                   uncompressed_yuv_420_image->width,
                                   uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height, quality, nullptr, 0)) {
@@ -123,7 +147,7 @@
   jpeg.data = jpeg_encoder.getCompressedImagePtr();
   jpeg.length = jpeg_encoder.getCompressedImageSize();
 
-  JPEGR_CHECK(appendRecoveryMap(&jpeg, &compressed_map, hdr_ratio, dest));
+  JPEGR_CHECK(appendRecoveryMap(&jpeg, &compressed_map, &metadata, dest));
 
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -131,6 +155,7 @@
 status_t RecoveryMap::encodeJPEGR(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                                   jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
                                   jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
+                                  jpegr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                                   jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
   if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr
    || uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr
@@ -144,26 +169,33 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH;
   }
 
+  jpegr_metadata metadata;
+  metadata.version = kJpegrVersion;
+  metadata.transferFunction = hdr_tf;
+  if (hdr_tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+    metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata = kSt2086Metadata;
+  }
+
   jpegr_uncompressed_struct map;
-  float hdr_ratio = 0.0f;
   JPEGR_CHECK(generateRecoveryMap(
-      uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_p010_image, &map, hdr_ratio));
+      uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_p010_image, &metadata, &map));
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> map_data;
   map_data.reset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map.data));
 
   jpegr_compressed_struct compressed_map;
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> compressed_map_data =
-      std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(map.width * map.height);
+  compressed_map.maxLength = map.width * map.height;
+  unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> compressed_map_data = make_unique<uint8_t[]>(compressed_map.maxLength);
   compressed_map.data = compressed_map_data.get();
   JPEGR_CHECK(compressRecoveryMap(&map, &compressed_map));
 
-  JPEGR_CHECK(appendRecoveryMap(compressed_jpeg_image, &compressed_map, hdr_ratio, dest));
+  JPEGR_CHECK(appendRecoveryMap(compressed_jpeg_image, &compressed_map, &metadata, dest));
 
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t RecoveryMap::encodeJPEGR(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                                   jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
+                                  jpegr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                                   jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
   if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr
    || compressed_jpeg_image == nullptr
@@ -179,39 +211,71 @@
   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.data = jpeg_decoder.getDecompressedImagePtr();
   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.width = jpeg_decoder.getDecompressedImageWidth();
   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.height = jpeg_decoder.getDecompressedImageHeight();
+  uncompressed_yuv_420_image.colorGamut = compressed_jpeg_image->colorGamut;
 
   if (uncompressed_p010_image->width != uncompressed_yuv_420_image.width
    || uncompressed_p010_image->height != uncompressed_yuv_420_image.height) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH;
   }
 
+  jpegr_metadata metadata;
+  metadata.version = kJpegrVersion;
+  metadata.transferFunction = hdr_tf;
+  if (hdr_tf == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+    metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata = kSt2086Metadata;
+  }
+
   jpegr_uncompressed_struct map;
-  float hdr_ratio = 0.0f;
   JPEGR_CHECK(generateRecoveryMap(
-      &uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_p010_image, &map, hdr_ratio));
+      &uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_p010_image, &metadata, &map));
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> map_data;
   map_data.reset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map.data));
 
   jpegr_compressed_struct compressed_map;
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> compressed_map_data =
-      std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(map.width * map.height);
+  compressed_map.maxLength = map.width * map.height;
+  unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> compressed_map_data = make_unique<uint8_t[]>(compressed_map.maxLength);
   compressed_map.data = compressed_map_data.get();
   JPEGR_CHECK(compressRecoveryMap(&map, &compressed_map));
 
-  JPEGR_CHECK(appendRecoveryMap(compressed_jpeg_image, &compressed_map, hdr_ratio, dest));
+  JPEGR_CHECK(appendRecoveryMap(compressed_jpeg_image, &compressed_map, &metadata, dest));
 
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+status_t RecoveryMap::getJPEGRInfo(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
+                                   jr_info_ptr jpegr_info) {
+  if (compressed_jpegr_image == nullptr || jpegr_info == nullptr) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
+  jpegr_compressed_struct primary_image, recovery_map;
+  JPEGR_CHECK(extractPrimaryImageAndRecoveryMap(compressed_jpegr_image,
+                                                &primary_image, &recovery_map));
+
+  JpegDecoder jpeg_decoder;
+  if (!jpeg_decoder.getCompressedImageParameters(primary_image.data, primary_image.length,
+                                                 &jpegr_info->width, &jpegr_info->height,
+                                                 jpegr_info->iccData, jpegr_info->exifData)) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+
 status_t RecoveryMap::decodeJPEGR(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
                                   jr_uncompressed_ptr dest,
-                                  jr_exif_ptr /* exif */,
-                                  bool /* request_sdr */) {
+                                  jr_exif_ptr exif,
+                                  bool request_sdr) {
   if (compressed_jpegr_image == nullptr || dest == nullptr) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
+  // TODO: fill EXIF data
+  (void) exif;
+
   jpegr_compressed_struct compressed_map;
+  jpegr_metadata metadata;
   JPEGR_CHECK(extractRecoveryMap(compressed_jpegr_image, &compressed_map));
 
   jpegr_uncompressed_struct map;
@@ -227,7 +291,19 @@
   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.width = jpeg_decoder.getDecompressedImageWidth();
   uncompressed_yuv_420_image.height = jpeg_decoder.getDecompressedImageHeight();
 
-  JPEGR_CHECK(applyRecoveryMap(&uncompressed_yuv_420_image, &map, dest));
+  if (!getMetadataFromXMP(static_cast<uint8_t*>(jpeg_decoder.getXMPPtr()),
+                                       jpeg_decoder.getXMPSize(), &metadata)) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  if (request_sdr) {
+    memcpy(dest->data, uncompressed_yuv_420_image.data,
+            uncompressed_yuv_420_image.width*uncompressed_yuv_420_image.height *3 / 2);
+    dest->width = uncompressed_yuv_420_image.width;
+    dest->height = uncompressed_yuv_420_image.height;
+  } else {
+    JPEGR_CHECK(applyRecoveryMap(&uncompressed_yuv_420_image, &map, &metadata, dest));
+  }
 
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -257,30 +333,36 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  // TODO: should we have ICC data?
+  // TODO: should we have ICC data for the map?
   JpegEncoder jpeg_encoder;
-  if (!jpeg_encoder.compressImage(uncompressed_recovery_map->data, uncompressed_recovery_map->width,
-                                  uncompressed_recovery_map->height, 85, nullptr, 0,
+  if (!jpeg_encoder.compressImage(uncompressed_recovery_map->data,
+                                  uncompressed_recovery_map->width,
+                                  uncompressed_recovery_map->height,
+                                  kMapCompressQuality,
+                                  nullptr,
+                                  0,
                                   true /* isSingleChannel */)) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_ENCODE_ERROR;
   }
 
-  if (dest->length < jpeg_encoder.getCompressedImageSize()) {
+  if (dest->maxLength < jpeg_encoder.getCompressedImageSize()) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
   }
 
   memcpy(dest->data, jpeg_encoder.getCompressedImagePtr(), jpeg_encoder.getCompressedImageSize());
   dest->length = jpeg_encoder.getCompressedImageSize();
+  dest->colorGamut = JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
 
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t RecoveryMap::generateRecoveryMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
                                           jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
-                                          jr_uncompressed_ptr dest,
-                                          float &hdr_ratio) {
+                                          jr_metadata_ptr metadata,
+                                          jr_uncompressed_ptr dest) {
   if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr
    || uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr
+   || metadata == nullptr
    || dest == nullptr) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
@@ -290,6 +372,11 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut == JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED
+   || uncompressed_p010_image->colorGamut == JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_COLORGAMUT;
+  }
+
   size_t image_width = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->width;
   size_t image_height = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height;
   size_t map_width = image_width / kMapDimensionScaleFactor;
@@ -297,35 +384,81 @@
 
   dest->width = map_width;
   dest->height = map_height;
+  dest->colorGamut = JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
   dest->data = new uint8_t[map_width * map_height];
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> map_data;
   map_data.reset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dest->data));
 
-  uint16_t yp_hdr_max = 0;
+  ColorTransformFn hdrInvOetf = nullptr;
+  switch (metadata->transferFunction) {
+    case JPEGR_TF_HLG:
+      hdrInvOetf = hlgInvOetf;
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_TF_PQ:
+      hdrInvOetf = pqInvOetf;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  ColorTransformFn hdrGamutConversionFn = getHdrConversionFn(
+      uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut, uncompressed_p010_image->colorGamut);
+
+  ColorCalculationFn luminanceFn = nullptr;
+  switch (uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut) {
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709:
+      luminanceFn = srgbLuminance;
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3:
+      luminanceFn = p3Luminance;
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100:
+      luminanceFn = bt2100Luminance;
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED:
+      // Should be impossible to hit after input validation.
+      return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_COLORGAMUT;
+  }
+
+  float hdr_y_nits_max = 0.0f;
+  double hdr_y_nits_avg = 0.0f;
   for (size_t y = 0; y < image_height; ++y) {
     for (size_t x = 0; x < image_width; ++x) {
-      size_t pixel_idx =  x + y * image_width;
-      uint16_t yp_hdr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(uncompressed_yuv_420_image->data)[pixel_idx];
-      if (yp_hdr > yp_hdr_max) {
-        yp_hdr_max = yp_hdr;
+      Color hdr_yuv_gamma = getP010Pixel(uncompressed_p010_image, x, y);
+      Color hdr_rgb_gamma = bt2100YuvToRgb(hdr_yuv_gamma);
+      Color hdr_rgb = hdrInvOetf(hdr_rgb_gamma);
+      hdr_rgb = hdrGamutConversionFn(hdr_rgb);
+      float hdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(hdr_rgb);
+
+      hdr_y_nits_avg += hdr_y_nits;
+      if (hdr_y_nits > hdr_y_nits_max) {
+        hdr_y_nits_max = hdr_y_nits;
       }
     }
   }
+  hdr_y_nits_avg /= image_width * image_height;
 
-  float y_hdr_max_nits = hlgInvOetf(yp_hdr_max);
-  hdr_ratio = y_hdr_max_nits / kSdrWhiteNits;
+  metadata->rangeScalingFactor = hdr_y_nits_max / kSdrWhiteNits;
+  if (metadata->transferFunction == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
+    metadata->hdr10Metadata.maxFALL = hdr_y_nits_avg;
+    metadata->hdr10Metadata.maxCLL = hdr_y_nits_max;
+  }
 
   for (size_t y = 0; y < map_height; ++y) {
     for (size_t x = 0; x < map_width; ++x) {
-      float yp_sdr = sampleYuv420Y(uncompressed_yuv_420_image, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
-      float yp_hdr = sampleP010Y(uncompressed_p010_image, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
+      Color sdr_yuv_gamma = sampleYuv420(uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
+                                         kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
+      Color sdr_rgb_gamma = srgbYuvToRgb(sdr_yuv_gamma);
+      Color sdr_rgb = srgbInvOetf(sdr_rgb_gamma);
+      float sdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(sdr_rgb);
 
-      float y_sdr_nits = srgbInvOetf(yp_sdr);
-      float y_hdr_nits = hlgInvOetf(yp_hdr);
+      Color hdr_yuv_gamma = sampleP010(uncompressed_p010_image, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
+      Color hdr_rgb_gamma = bt2100YuvToRgb(hdr_yuv_gamma);
+      Color hdr_rgb = hdrInvOetf(hdr_rgb_gamma);
+      hdr_rgb = hdrGamutConversionFn(hdr_rgb);
+      float hdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(hdr_rgb);
 
       size_t pixel_idx =  x + y * map_width;
       reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_idx] =
-          encodeRecovery(y_sdr_nits, y_hdr_nits, hdr_ratio);
+          encodeRecovery(sdr_y_nits, hdr_y_nits, metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
     }
   }
 
@@ -335,17 +468,15 @@
 
 status_t RecoveryMap::applyRecoveryMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
                                        jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_recovery_map,
+                                       jr_metadata_ptr metadata,
                                        jr_uncompressed_ptr dest) {
   if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr
    || uncompressed_recovery_map == nullptr
+   || metadata == nullptr
    || dest == nullptr) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  // TODO: need to get this from the XMP; should probably be a function
-  // parameter
-  float hdr_ratio = 4.0f;
-
   size_t width = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->width;
   size_t height = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height;
 
@@ -353,60 +484,117 @@
   dest->height = height;
   size_t pixel_count = width * height;
 
+  ColorTransformFn hdrOetf = nullptr;
+  switch (metadata->transferFunction) {
+    case JPEGR_TF_HLG:
+      hdrOetf = hlgOetf;
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_TF_PQ:
+      hdrOetf = pqOetf;
+      break;
+  }
+
   for (size_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
     for (size_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
-      size_t pixel_y_idx =  x + y * width;
+      Color yuv_gamma_sdr = getYuv420Pixel(uncompressed_yuv_420_image, x, y);
+      Color rgb_gamma_sdr = srgbYuvToRgb(yuv_gamma_sdr);
+      Color rgb_sdr = srgbInvOetf(rgb_gamma_sdr);
 
-      size_t pixel_uv_idx = x / 2 + (y / 2) * (width / 2);
-
-      Color ypuv_sdr = getYuv420Pixel(uncompressed_yuv_420_image, x, y);
-      Color rgbp_sdr = srgbYuvToRgb(ypuv_sdr);
-      Color rgb_sdr = srgbInvOetf(rgbp_sdr);
-
+      // TODO: determine map scaling factor based on actual map dims
       float recovery = sampleMap(uncompressed_recovery_map, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
-      Color rgb_hdr = applyRecovery(rgb_sdr, recovery, hdr_ratio);
+      Color rgb_hdr = applyRecovery(rgb_sdr, recovery, metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
 
-      Color rgbp_hdr = hlgOetf(rgb_hdr);
-      Color ypuv_hdr = bt2100RgbToYuv(rgbp_hdr);
+      Color rgb_gamma_hdr = hdrOetf(rgb_hdr);
+      uint32_t rgba1010102 = colorToRgba1010102(rgb_gamma_hdr);
 
-      reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_y_idx] = ypuv_hdr.r;
-      reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_count + pixel_uv_idx] = ypuv_hdr.g;
-      reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_count + pixel_uv_idx + 1] = ypuv_hdr.b;
+      size_t pixel_idx =  x + y * width;
+      reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_idx] = rgba1010102;
     }
   }
+  return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t RecoveryMap::extractPrimaryImageAndRecoveryMap(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
+                                               jr_compressed_ptr primary_image,
+                                               jr_compressed_ptr recovery_map) {
+  if (compressed_jpegr_image == nullptr) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
+  MessageHandler msg_handler;
+  std::shared_ptr<DataSegment> seg =
+                  DataSegment::Create(DataRange(0, compressed_jpegr_image->length),
+                                      static_cast<const uint8_t*>(compressed_jpegr_image->data),
+                                      DataSegment::BufferDispositionPolicy::kDontDelete);
+  DataSegmentDataSource data_source(seg);
+  JpegInfoBuilder jpeg_info_builder;
+  jpeg_info_builder.SetImageLimit(2);
+  JpegScanner jpeg_scanner(&msg_handler);
+  jpeg_scanner.Run(&data_source, &jpeg_info_builder);
+  data_source.Reset();
+
+  if (jpeg_scanner.HasError()) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  const auto& jpeg_info = jpeg_info_builder.GetInfo();
+  const auto& image_ranges = jpeg_info.GetImageRanges();
+  if (image_ranges.empty()) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  if (image_ranges.size() != 2) {
+    // Must be 2 JPEG Images
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  if (primary_image != nullptr) {
+    primary_image->data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(compressed_jpegr_image->data) +
+                                               image_ranges[0].GetBegin();
+    primary_image->length = image_ranges[0].GetLength();
+  }
+
+  if (recovery_map != nullptr) {
+    recovery_map->data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(compressed_jpegr_image->data) +
+                                              image_ranges[1].GetBegin();
+    recovery_map->length = image_ranges[1].GetLength();
+  }
 
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+
 status_t RecoveryMap::extractRecoveryMap(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image,
                                          jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
   if (compressed_jpegr_image == nullptr || dest == nullptr) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  // TBD
-  return NO_ERROR;
+  return extractPrimaryImageAndRecoveryMap(compressed_jpegr_image, nullptr, dest);
 }
 
 status_t RecoveryMap::appendRecoveryMap(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
                                         jr_compressed_ptr compressed_recovery_map,
-                                        float hdr_ratio,
+                                        jr_metadata_ptr metadata,
                                         jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
   if (compressed_jpeg_image == nullptr
    || compressed_recovery_map == nullptr
+   || metadata == nullptr
    || dest == nullptr) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  string xmp = generateXmp(compressed_recovery_map->length, hdr_ratio);
-  string nameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0";
+  const string xmp = generateXmp(compressed_recovery_map->length, *metadata);
+  const string nameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0";
+  const int nameSpaceLength = nameSpace.size() + 1;  // need to count the null terminator
 
   // 2 bytes: APP1 sign (ff e1)
-  // 29 bytes: length of name space "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0"
+  // 29 bytes: length of name space "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0",
   // x bytes: length of xmp packet
-  int length = 2 + nameSpace.size() + xmp.size();
-  uint8_t lengthH = ((length >> 8) & 0xff);
-  uint8_t lengthL = (length & 0xff);
+
+  const int length = 3 + nameSpaceLength + xmp.size();
+  const uint8_t lengthH = ((length >> 8) & 0xff);
+  const uint8_t lengthL = (length & 0xff);
 
   int pos = 0;
 
@@ -424,7 +612,7 @@
   JPEGR_CHECK(Write(dest, &photos_editing_formats::image_io::JpegMarker::kAPP1, 1, pos));
   JPEGR_CHECK(Write(dest, &lengthH, 1, pos));
   JPEGR_CHECK(Write(dest, &lengthL, 1, pos));
-  JPEGR_CHECK(Write(dest, (void*)nameSpace.c_str(), nameSpace.size(), pos));
+  JPEGR_CHECK(Write(dest, (void*)nameSpace.c_str(), nameSpaceLength, pos));
   JPEGR_CHECK(Write(dest, (void*)xmp.c_str(), xmp.size(), pos));
   JPEGR_CHECK(Write(dest,
       (uint8_t*)compressed_jpeg_image->data + 2, compressed_jpeg_image->length - 2, pos));
@@ -434,7 +622,7 @@
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-string RecoveryMap::generateXmp(int secondary_image_length, float hdr_ratio) {
+string RecoveryMap::generateXmp(int secondary_image_length, jpegr_metadata& metadata) {
   const string kContainerPrefix = "GContainer";
   const string kContainerUri    = "http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/container/";
   const string kItemPrefix      = "Item";
@@ -447,7 +635,6 @@
   const string kPrimary         = "Primary";
   const string kSemantic        = "Semantic";
   const string kVersion         = "Version";
-  const int    kVersionValue    = 1;
 
   const string kConDir          = Name(kContainerPrefix, kDirectory);
   const string kContainerItem   = Name(kContainerPrefix, kItem);
@@ -467,8 +654,11 @@
   writer.WriteXmlns("rdf", "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#");
   writer.StartWritingElement("rdf:Description");
   writer.WriteXmlns(kContainerPrefix, kContainerUri);
-  writer.WriteElementAndContent(Name(kContainerPrefix, kVersion), kVersionValue);
-  writer.WriteElementAndContent(Name(kContainerPrefix, "HdrRatio"), hdr_ratio);
+  writer.WriteElementAndContent(Name(kContainerPrefix, kVersion), metadata.version);
+  writer.WriteElementAndContent(Name(kContainerPrefix, "rangeScalingFactor"),
+                                metadata.rangeScalingFactor);
+  // TODO: determine structure for hdr10 metadata
+  // TODO: write rest of metadata
   writer.StartWritingElements(kConDirSeq);
   size_t item_depth = writer.StartWritingElements(kLiItem);
   writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kItemSemantic, kPrimary);
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp
index 3e110bc..6dcbca3 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp
@@ -20,43 +20,108 @@
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
-static const float kBt2100R = 0.2627f, kBt2100G = 0.6780f, kBt2100B = 0.0593f;
-static const float kBt2100Cb = 1.8814f, kBt2100Cr = 1.4746f;
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sRGB transformations
 
-Color bt2100RgbToYuv(Color e) {
-  float yp = kBt2100R * e.r + kBt2100G * e.g + kBt2100B * e.b;
-  return {{{yp, (e.b - yp) / kBt2100Cb, (e.r - yp) / kBt2100Cr }}};
+static const float kSrgbR = 0.299f, kSrgbG = 0.587f, kSrgbB = 0.114f;
+
+float srgbLuminance(Color e) {
+  return kSrgbR * e.r + kSrgbG * e.g + kSrgbB * e.b;
 }
 
 static const float kSrgbRCr = 1.402f, kSrgbGCb = 0.34414f, kSrgbGCr = 0.71414f, kSrgbBCb = 1.772f;
 
-Color srgbYuvToRgb(Color e) {
-  return {{{ e.y + kSrgbRCr * e.v, e.y - kSrgbGCb * e.u - kSrgbGCr * e.v, e.y + kSrgbBCb * e.u }}};
+Color srgbYuvToRgb(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ e_gamma.y + kSrgbRCr * e_gamma.v,
+             e_gamma.y - kSrgbGCb * e_gamma.u - kSrgbGCr * e_gamma.v,
+             e_gamma.y + kSrgbBCb * e_gamma.u }}};
 }
 
-float srgbInvOetf(float e) {
-  if (e <= 0.04045f) {
-    return e / 12.92f;
+static const float kSrgbUR = -0.1687f, kSrgbUG = -0.3313f, kSrgbUB = 0.5f;
+static const float kSrgbVR = 0.5f, kSrgbVG = -0.4187f, kSrgbVB = -0.0813f;
+
+Color srgbRgbToYuv(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ kSrgbR * e_gamma.r + kSrgbG * e_gamma.g + kSrgbB * e_gamma.b,
+             kSrgbUR * e_gamma.r + kSrgbUG * e_gamma.g + kSrgbUB * e_gamma.b,
+             kSrgbVR * e_gamma.r + kSrgbVG * e_gamma.g + kSrgbVB * e_gamma.b }}};
+}
+
+float srgbInvOetf(float e_gamma) {
+  if (e_gamma <= 0.04045f) {
+    return e_gamma / 12.92f;
   } else {
-    return pow((e + 0.055f) / 1.055f, 2.4);
+    return pow((e_gamma + 0.055f) / 1.055f, 2.4);
   }
 }
 
-Color srgbInvOetf(Color e) {
-  return {{{ srgbInvOetf(e.r), srgbInvOetf(e.g), srgbInvOetf(e.b) }}};
+Color srgbInvOetf(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ srgbInvOetf(e_gamma.r),
+             srgbInvOetf(e_gamma.g),
+             srgbInvOetf(e_gamma.b) }}};
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Display-P3 transformations
+
+static const float kP3R = 0.22897f, kP3G = 0.69174f, kP3B = 0.07929f;
+
+float p3Luminance(Color e) {
+  return kP3R * e.r + kP3G * e.g + kP3B * e.b;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BT.2100 transformations - according to ITU-R BT.2100-2
+
+static const float kBt2100R = 0.2627f, kBt2100G = 0.6780f, kBt2100B = 0.0593f;
+
+float bt2100Luminance(Color e) {
+  return kBt2100R * e.r + kBt2100G * e.g + kBt2100B * e.b;
+}
+
+static const float kBt2100Cb = 1.8814f, kBt2100Cr = 1.4746f;
+
+Color bt2100RgbToYuv(Color e_gamma) {
+  float y_gamma = bt2100Luminance(e_gamma);
+  return {{{ y_gamma,
+             (e_gamma.b - y_gamma) / kBt2100Cb,
+             (e_gamma.r - y_gamma) / kBt2100Cr }}};
+}
+
+// Derived from the reverse of bt2100RgbToYuv. The derivation for R and B are
+// pretty straight forward; we just reverse the formulas for U and V above. But
+// deriving the formula for G is a bit more complicated:
+//
+// Start with equation for luminance:
+//   Y = kBt2100R * R + kBt2100G * G + kBt2100B * B
+// Solve for G:
+//   G = (Y - kBt2100R * R - kBt2100B * B) / kBt2100B
+// Substitute equations for R and B in terms YUV:
+//   G = (Y - kBt2100R * (Y + kBt2100Cr * V) - kBt2100B * (Y + kBt2100Cb * U)) / kBt2100B
+// Simplify:
+//   G = Y * ((1 - kBt2100R - kBt2100B) / kBt2100G)
+//     + U * (kBt2100B * kBt2100Cb / kBt2100G)
+//     + V * (kBt2100R * kBt2100Cr / kBt2100G)
+//
+// We then get the following coeficients for calculating G from YUV:
+//
+// Coef for Y = (1 - kBt2100R - kBt2100B) / kBt2100G = 1
+// Coef for U = kBt2100B * kBt2100Cb / kBt2100G = kBt2100GCb = ~0.1645
+// Coef for V = kBt2100R * kBt2100Cr / kBt2100G = kBt2100GCr = ~0.5713
+
+static const float kBt2100GCb = kBt2100B * kBt2100Cb / kBt2100G;
+static const float kBt2100GCr = kBt2100R * kBt2100Cr / kBt2100G;
+
+Color bt2100YuvToRgb(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ e_gamma.y + kBt2100Cr * e_gamma.v,
+             e_gamma.y - kBt2100GCb * e_gamma.u - kBt2100GCr * e_gamma.v,
+             e_gamma.y + kBt2100Cb * e_gamma.u }}};
 }
 
 static const float kHlgA = 0.17883277f, kHlgB = 0.28466892f, kHlgC = 0.55991073;
 
-float hlgInvOetf(float e) {
-  if (e <= 0.5f) {
-    return pow(e, 2.0f) / 3.0f;
-  } else {
-    return (exp((e - kHlgC) / kHlgA) + kHlgB) / 12.0f;
-  }
-}
-
-float hlgOetf(float e) {
+static float hlgOetf(float e) {
   if (e <= 1.0f/12.0f) {
     return sqrt(3.0f * e);
   } else {
@@ -68,7 +133,137 @@
   return {{{ hlgOetf(e.r), hlgOetf(e.g), hlgOetf(e.b) }}};
 }
 
-uint8_t EncodeRecovery(float y_sdr, float y_hdr, float hdr_ratio) {
+static float hlgInvOetf(float e_gamma) {
+  if (e_gamma <= 0.5f) {
+    return pow(e_gamma, 2.0f) / 3.0f;
+  } else {
+    return (exp((e_gamma - kHlgC) / kHlgA) + kHlgB) / 12.0f;
+  }
+}
+
+Color hlgInvOetf(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ hlgInvOetf(e_gamma.r),
+             hlgInvOetf(e_gamma.g),
+             hlgInvOetf(e_gamma.b) }}};
+}
+
+static const float kPqM1 = 2610.0f / 16384.0f, kPqM2 = 2523.0f / 4096.0f * 128.0f;
+static const float kPqC1 = 3424.0f / 4096.0f, kPqC2 = 2413.0f / 4096.0f * 32.0f,
+                   kPqC3 = 2392.0f / 4096.0f * 32.0f;
+
+static float pqOetf(float e) {
+  if (e < 0.0f) e = 0.0f;
+  return pow((kPqC1 + kPqC2 * pow(e / 10000.0f, kPqM1)) / (1 + kPqC3 * pow(e / 10000.0f, kPqM1)),
+             kPqM2);
+}
+
+Color pqOetf(Color e) {
+  return {{{ pqOetf(e.r), pqOetf(e.g), pqOetf(e.b) }}};
+}
+
+static float pqInvOetf(float e_gamma) {
+  static const float kPqInvOetfCoef = log2(-(pow(kPqM1, 1.0f / kPqM2) - kPqC1)
+                                         / (kPqC3 * pow(kPqM1, 1.0f / kPqM2) - kPqC2));
+  return kPqInvOetfCoef / log2(e_gamma * 10000.0f);
+}
+
+Color pqInvOetf(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ pqInvOetf(e_gamma.r),
+             pqInvOetf(e_gamma.g),
+             pqInvOetf(e_gamma.b) }}};
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Color conversions
+
+Color bt709ToP3(Color e) {
+ return {{{ 0.82254f * e.r + 0.17755f * e.g + 0.00006f * e.b,
+            0.03312f * e.r + 0.96684f * e.g + -0.00001f * e.b,
+            0.01706f * e.r + 0.07240f * e.g + 0.91049f * e.b }}};
+}
+
+Color bt709ToBt2100(Color e) {
+ return {{{ 0.62740f * e.r + 0.32930f * e.g + 0.04332f * e.b,
+            0.06904f * e.r + 0.91958f * e.g + 0.01138f * e.b,
+            0.01636f * e.r + 0.08799f * e.g + 0.89555f * e.b }}};
+}
+
+Color p3ToBt709(Color e) {
+ return {{{ 1.22482f * e.r + -0.22490f * e.g + -0.00007f * e.b,
+            -0.04196f * e.r + 1.04199f * e.g + 0.00001f * e.b,
+            -0.01961f * e.r + -0.07865f * e.g + 1.09831f * e.b }}};
+}
+
+Color p3ToBt2100(Color e) {
+ return {{{ 0.75378f * e.r + 0.19862f * e.g + 0.04754f * e.b,
+            0.04576f * e.r + 0.94177f * e.g + 0.01250f * e.b,
+            -0.00121f * e.r + 0.01757f * e.g + 0.98359f * e.b }}};
+}
+
+Color bt2100ToBt709(Color e) {
+ return {{{ 1.66045f * e.r + -0.58764f * e.g + -0.07286f * e.b,
+            -0.12445f * e.r + 1.13282f * e.g + -0.00837f * e.b,
+            -0.01811f * e.r + -0.10057f * e.g + 1.11878f * e.b }}};
+}
+
+Color bt2100ToP3(Color e) {
+ return {{{ 1.34369f * e.r + -0.28223f * e.g + -0.06135f * e.b,
+            -0.06533f * e.r + 1.07580f * e.g + -0.01051f * e.b,
+            0.00283f * e.r + -0.01957f * e.g + 1.01679f * e.b
+ }}};
+}
+
+// TODO: confirm we always want to convert like this before calculating
+// luminance.
+ColorTransformFn getHdrConversionFn(jpegr_color_gamut sdr_gamut, jpegr_color_gamut hdr_gamut) {
+    switch (sdr_gamut) {
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709:
+      switch (hdr_gamut) {
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709:
+          return identityConversion;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3:
+          return p3ToBt709;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100:
+          return bt2100ToBt709;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED:
+          return nullptr;
+      }
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3:
+      switch (hdr_gamut) {
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709:
+          return bt709ToP3;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3:
+          return identityConversion;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100:
+          return bt2100ToP3;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED:
+          return nullptr;
+      }
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100:
+      switch (hdr_gamut) {
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT709:
+          return bt709ToBt2100;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_P3:
+          return p3ToBt2100;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100:
+          return identityConversion;
+        case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED:
+          return nullptr;
+      }
+      break;
+    case JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Recovery map calculations
+
+uint8_t encodeRecovery(float y_sdr, float y_hdr, float hdr_ratio) {
   float gain = 1.0f;
   if (y_sdr > 0.0f) {
     gain = y_hdr / y_sdr;
@@ -80,13 +275,23 @@
   return static_cast<uint8_t>(log2(gain) / log2(hdr_ratio) * 127.5f  + 127.5f);
 }
 
-float applyRecovery(float y_sdr, float recovery, float hdr_ratio) {
-  return exp2(log2(y_sdr) + recovery * log2(hdr_ratio));
+static float applyRecovery(float e, float recovery, float hdr_ratio) {
+  return exp2(log2(e) + recovery * log2(hdr_ratio));
+}
+
+Color applyRecovery(Color e, float recovery, float hdr_ratio) {
+  return {{{ applyRecovery(e.r, recovery, hdr_ratio),
+             applyRecovery(e.g, recovery, hdr_ratio),
+             applyRecovery(e.b, recovery, hdr_ratio) }}};
 }
 
 // TODO: do we need something more clever for filtering either the map or images
 // to generate the map?
 
+static size_t clamp(const size_t& val, const size_t& low, const size_t& high) {
+  return val < low ? low : (high < val ? high : val);
+}
+
 static float mapUintToFloat(uint8_t map_uint) {
   return (static_cast<float>(map_uint) - 127.5f) / 127.5f;
 }
@@ -100,6 +305,11 @@
   size_t y_lower = static_cast<size_t>(floor(y_map));
   size_t y_upper = y_lower + 1;
 
+  x_lower = clamp(x_lower, 0, map->width - 1);
+  x_upper = clamp(x_upper, 0, map->width - 1);
+  y_lower = clamp(y_lower, 0, map->height - 1);
+  y_upper = clamp(y_upper, 0, map->height - 1);
+
   float x_influence = x_map - static_cast<float>(x_lower);
   float y_influence = y_map - static_cast<float>(y_lower);
 
@@ -131,39 +341,52 @@
              (static_cast<float>(v_uint) - 128.0f) / 255.0f }}};
 }
 
-typedef float (*sampleComponentFn)(jr_uncompressed_ptr, size_t, size_t);
+Color getP010Pixel(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t x, size_t y) {
+  size_t pixel_count = image->width * image->height;
 
-static float sampleComponent(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y,
-                             sampleComponentFn sample_fn) {
-  float e = 0.0f;
+  size_t pixel_y_idx = x + y * image->width;
+  size_t pixel_uv_idx = x / 2 + (y / 2) * (image->width / 2);
+
+  uint16_t y_uint = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(image->data)[pixel_y_idx]
+                  >> 6;
+  uint16_t u_uint = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(image->data)[pixel_count + pixel_uv_idx * 2]
+                  >> 6;
+  uint16_t v_uint = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(image->data)[pixel_count + pixel_uv_idx * 2 + 1]
+                  >> 6;
+
+  // Conversions include taking narrow-range into account.
+  return {{{ static_cast<float>(y_uint) / 940.0f,
+             (static_cast<float>(u_uint) - 64.0f) / 940.0f - 0.5f,
+             (static_cast<float>(v_uint) - 64.0f) / 940.0f - 0.5f }}};
+}
+
+typedef Color (*getPixelFn)(jr_uncompressed_ptr, size_t, size_t);
+
+static Color samplePixels(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y,
+                          getPixelFn get_pixel_fn) {
+  Color e = {{{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }}};
   for (size_t dy = 0; dy < map_scale_factor; ++dy) {
     for (size_t dx = 0; dx < map_scale_factor; ++dx) {
-      e += sample_fn(image, x * map_scale_factor + dx, y * map_scale_factor + dy);
+      e += get_pixel_fn(image, x * map_scale_factor + dx, y * map_scale_factor + dy);
     }
   }
 
   return e / static_cast<float>(map_scale_factor * map_scale_factor);
 }
 
-static float getYuv420Y(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t x, size_t y) {
-  size_t pixel_idx = x + y * image->width;
-  uint8_t y_uint = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(image->data)[pixel_idx];
-  return static_cast<float>(y_uint) / 255.0f;
+Color sampleYuv420(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y) {
+  return samplePixels(image, map_scale_factor, x, y, getYuv420Pixel);
 }
 
-
-float sampleYuv420Y(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y) {
-  return sampleComponent(image, map_scale_factor, x, y, getYuv420Y);
+Color sampleP010(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y) {
+  return samplePixels(image, map_scale_factor, x, y, getP010Pixel);
 }
 
-static float getP010Y(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t x, size_t y) {
-  size_t pixel_idx = x + y * image->width;
-  uint8_t y_uint = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(image->data)[pixel_idx];
-  // Expecting narrow range input
-  return (static_cast<float>(y_uint) - 64.0f) / 960.0f;
+uint32_t colorToRgba1010102(Color e_gamma) {
+  return (0x3ff & static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma.r * 1023.0f))
+       | ((0x3ff & static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma.g * 1023.0f)) << 10)
+       | ((0x3ff & static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma.b * 1023.0f)) << 20)
+       | (0x3 << 30);  // Set alpha to 1.0
 }
 
-float sampleP010Y(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y) {
-  return sampleComponent(image, map_scale_factor, x, y, getP010Y);
-}
 } // namespace android::recoverymap
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe46cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h>
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h>
+#include <image_io/xml/xml_reader.h>
+#include <image_io/base/message_handler.h>
+#include <image_io/xml/xml_element_rules.h>
+#include <image_io/xml/xml_handler.h>
+#include <image_io/xml/xml_rule.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+using namespace photos_editing_formats::image_io;
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace android::recoverymap {
+
+
+// Extremely simple XML Handler - just searches for interesting elements
+class XMPXmlHandler : public XmlHandler {
+public:
+
+    XMPXmlHandler() : XmlHandler() {
+        rangeScalingFactorState = NotStrarted;
+    }
+
+    enum ParseState {
+        NotStrarted,
+        Started,
+        Done
+    };
+
+    virtual DataMatchResult StartElement(const XmlTokenContext& context) {
+        string val;
+        if (context.BuildTokenValue(&val)) {
+            if (!val.compare(rangeScalingFactorName)) {
+                rangeScalingFactorState = Started;
+            } else {
+                if (rangeScalingFactorState != Done) {
+                    rangeScalingFactorState = NotStrarted;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return context.GetResult();
+    }
+
+    virtual DataMatchResult FinishElement(const XmlTokenContext& context) {
+        if (rangeScalingFactorState == Started) {
+            rangeScalingFactorState = Done;
+        }
+        return context.GetResult();
+    }
+
+    virtual DataMatchResult ElementContent(const XmlTokenContext& context) {
+        string val;
+        if (rangeScalingFactorState == Started) {
+            if (context.BuildTokenValue(&val)) {
+                rangeScalingFactorStr.assign(val);
+            }
+        }
+        return context.GetResult();
+    }
+
+    bool getRangeScalingFactor(float* scaling_factor) {
+        if (rangeScalingFactorState == Done) {
+            stringstream ss(rangeScalingFactorStr);
+            float val;
+            if (ss >> val) {
+                *scaling_factor = val;
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool getTransferFunction(jpegr_transfer_function* transfer_function) {
+        *transfer_function = JPEGR_TF_HLG;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const string rangeScalingFactorName;
+    string              rangeScalingFactorStr;
+    ParseState          rangeScalingFactorState;
+};
+
+const string XMPXmlHandler::rangeScalingFactorName = "GContainer:rangeScalingFactor";
+
+
+bool getMetadataFromXMP(uint8_t* xmp_data, size_t xmp_size, jpegr_metadata* metadata) {
+    string nameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0";
+
+    if (xmp_size < nameSpace.size()+2) {
+        // Data too short
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (strncmp(reinterpret_cast<char*>(xmp_data), nameSpace.c_str(), nameSpace.size())) {
+        // Not correct namespace
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Position the pointers to the start of XMP XML portion
+    xmp_data += nameSpace.size()+1;
+    xmp_size -= nameSpace.size()+1;
+    XMPXmlHandler handler;
+
+    // We need to remove tail data until the closing tag. Otherwise parser will throw an error.
+    while(xmp_data[xmp_size-1]!='>' && xmp_size > 1) {
+        xmp_size--;
+    }
+
+    string str(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(xmp_data), xmp_size);
+    MessageHandler msg_handler;
+    unique_ptr<XmlRule> rule(new XmlElementRule);
+    XmlReader reader(&handler, &msg_handler);
+    reader.StartParse(std::move(rule));
+    reader.Parse(str);
+    reader.FinishParse();
+    if (reader.HasErrors()) {
+        // Parse error
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!handler.getRangeScalingFactor(&metadata->rangeScalingFactor)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!handler.getTransferFunction(&metadata->transferFunction)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::recoverymap
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
index 41af991..8f37954 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,15 @@
     srcs: [
         "recoverymap_test.cpp",
     ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libimage_io",
+        "libjpeg",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
+        "libgtest",
+        "libjpegdecoder",
+        "libjpegencoder",
         "libjpegrecoverymap",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp
index c436138..b3cd37e 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,35 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h>
 
-namespace android {
+namespace android::recoverymap {
 
-// Add new tests here.
-} // namespace android
+class RecoveryMapTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+  RecoveryMapTest();
+  ~RecoveryMapTest();
+protected:
+  virtual void SetUp();
+  virtual void TearDown();
+};
+
+RecoveryMapTest::RecoveryMapTest() {}
+RecoveryMapTest::~RecoveryMapTest() {}
+
+void RecoveryMapTest::SetUp() {}
+void RecoveryMapTest::TearDown() {}
+
+TEST_F(RecoveryMapTest, build) {
+  // Force all of the recovery map lib to be linked by calling all public functions.
+  RecoveryMap recovery_map;
+  recovery_map.encodeJPEGR(nullptr, nullptr, static_cast<jpegr_transfer_function>(0),
+                           nullptr, 0, nullptr);
+  recovery_map.encodeJPEGR(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, static_cast<jpegr_transfer_function>(0),
+                           nullptr);
+  recovery_map.encodeJPEGR(nullptr, nullptr, static_cast<jpegr_transfer_function>(0), nullptr);
+  recovery_map.decodeJPEGR(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, false);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::recoverymap
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
index 539cbaa..e64165f 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
@@ -14,13 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "Choreographer"
-//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
-
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
-#include <gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h>
 #include <jni.h>
+#include <nativedisplay/Choreographer.h>
 #include <private/android/choreographer.h>
 #include <utils/Looper.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
@@ -31,444 +28,9 @@
 #include <queue>
 #include <thread>
 
-namespace {
-struct {
-    // Global JVM that is provided by zygote
-    JavaVM* jvm = nullptr;
-    struct {
-        jclass clazz;
-        jmethodID getInstance;
-        jmethodID registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks;
-        jmethodID unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks;
-    } displayManagerGlobal;
-} gJni;
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "AChoreographer"
 
-// Gets the JNIEnv* for this thread, and performs one-off initialization if we
-// have never retrieved a JNIEnv* pointer before.
-JNIEnv* getJniEnv() {
-    if (gJni.jvm == nullptr) {
-        ALOGW("AChoreographer: No JVM provided!");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    JNIEnv* env = nullptr;
-    if (gJni.jvm->GetEnv((void**)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) {
-        ALOGD("Attaching thread to JVM for AChoreographer");
-        JavaVMAttachArgs args = {JNI_VERSION_1_4, "AChoreographer_env", NULL};
-        jint attachResult = gJni.jvm->AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon(&env, (void*)&args);
-        if (attachResult != JNI_OK) {
-            ALOGE("Unable to attach thread. Error: %d", attachResult);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-    if (env == nullptr) {
-        ALOGW("AChoreographer: No JNI env available!");
-    }
-    return env;
-}
-
-inline const char* toString(bool value) {
-    return value ? "true" : "false";
-}
-} // namespace
-
-namespace android {
-using gui::VsyncEventData;
-
-struct FrameCallback {
-    AChoreographer_frameCallback callback;
-    AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback64;
-    AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback;
-    void* data;
-    nsecs_t dueTime;
-
-    inline bool operator<(const FrameCallback& rhs) const {
-        // Note that this is intentionally flipped because we want callbacks due sooner to be at
-        // the head of the queue
-        return dueTime > rhs.dueTime;
-    }
-};
-
-struct RefreshRateCallback {
-    AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback callback;
-    void* data;
-    bool firstCallbackFired = false;
-};
-
-class Choreographer;
-
-/**
- * Implementation of AChoreographerFrameCallbackData.
- */
-struct ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl {
-    int64_t frameTimeNanos{0};
-
-    VsyncEventData vsyncEventData;
-
-    const Choreographer* choreographer;
-};
-
-struct {
-    std::mutex lock;
-    std::vector<Choreographer*> ptrs GUARDED_BY(lock);
-    std::map<AVsyncId, int64_t> startTimes GUARDED_BY(lock);
-    bool registeredToDisplayManager GUARDED_BY(lock) = false;
-
-    std::atomic<nsecs_t> mLastKnownVsync = -1;
-} gChoreographers;
-
-class Choreographer : public DisplayEventDispatcher, public MessageHandler {
-public:
-    explicit Choreographer(const sp<Looper>& looper) EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
-    void postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
-                                  AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
-                                  AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback, void* data,
-                                  nsecs_t delay);
-    void registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data)
-            EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
-    void unregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data);
-    // Drains the queue of pending vsync periods and dispatches refresh rate
-    // updates to callbacks.
-    // The assumption is that this method is only called on a single
-    // processing thread, either by looper or by AChoreographer_handleEvents
-    void handleRefreshRateUpdates();
-    void scheduleLatestConfigRequest();
-
-    enum {
-        MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS = 0,
-        MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC = 1,
-        MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES = 2,
-    };
-    virtual void handleMessage(const Message& message) override;
-
-    static Choreographer* getForThread();
-    virtual ~Choreographer() override EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
-    int64_t getFrameInterval() const;
-    bool inCallback() const;
-
-private:
-    Choreographer(const Choreographer&) = delete;
-
-    void dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, uint32_t count,
-                       VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) override;
-    void dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
-    void dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t modeId,
-                             nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) override;
-    void dispatchNullEvent(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId) override;
-    void dispatchFrameRateOverrides(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
-                                    std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides) override;
-
-    void scheduleCallbacks();
-
-    ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl createFrameCallbackData(nsecs_t timestamp) const;
-    void registerStartTime() const;
-
-    std::mutex mLock;
-    // Protected by mLock
-    std::priority_queue<FrameCallback> mFrameCallbacks;
-    std::vector<RefreshRateCallback> mRefreshRateCallbacks;
-
-    nsecs_t mLatestVsyncPeriod = -1;
-    VsyncEventData mLastVsyncEventData;
-    bool mInCallback = false;
-
-    const sp<Looper> mLooper;
-    const std::thread::id mThreadId;
-
-    // Approximation of num_threads_using_choreographer * num_frames_of_history with leeway.
-    static constexpr size_t kMaxStartTimes = 250;
-};
-
-static thread_local Choreographer* gChoreographer;
-Choreographer* Choreographer::getForThread() {
-    if (gChoreographer == nullptr) {
-        sp<Looper> looper = Looper::getForThread();
-        if (!looper.get()) {
-            ALOGW("No looper prepared for thread");
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        gChoreographer = new Choreographer(looper);
-        status_t result = gChoreographer->initialize();
-        if (result != OK) {
-            ALOGW("Failed to initialize");
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-    return gChoreographer;
-}
-
-Choreographer::Choreographer(const sp<Looper>& looper)
-      : DisplayEventDispatcher(looper, gui::ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource::eVsyncSourceApp),
-        mLooper(looper),
-        mThreadId(std::this_thread::get_id()) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(gChoreographers.lock);
-    gChoreographers.ptrs.push_back(this);
-}
-
-Choreographer::~Choreographer() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(gChoreographers.lock);
-    gChoreographers.ptrs.erase(std::remove_if(gChoreographers.ptrs.begin(),
-                                              gChoreographers.ptrs.end(),
-                                              [=](Choreographer* c) { return c == this; }),
-                               gChoreographers.ptrs.end());
-    // Only poke DisplayManagerGlobal to unregister if we previously registered
-    // callbacks.
-    if (gChoreographers.ptrs.empty() && gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager) {
-        gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager = false;
-        JNIEnv* env = getJniEnv();
-        if (env == nullptr) {
-            ALOGW("JNI environment is unavailable, skipping choreographer cleanup");
-            return;
-        }
-        jobject dmg = env->CallStaticObjectMethod(gJni.displayManagerGlobal.clazz,
-                                                  gJni.displayManagerGlobal.getInstance);
-        if (dmg == nullptr) {
-            ALOGW("DMS is not initialized yet, skipping choreographer cleanup");
-        } else {
-            env->CallVoidMethod(dmg,
-                                gJni.displayManagerGlobal
-                                        .unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks);
-            env->DeleteLocalRef(dmg);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void Choreographer::postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
-                                             AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
-                                             AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback, void* data,
-                                             nsecs_t delay) {
-    nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-    FrameCallback callback{cb, cb64, vsyncCallback, data, now + delay};
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
-        mFrameCallbacks.push(callback);
-    }
-    if (callback.dueTime <= now) {
-        if (std::this_thread::get_id() != mThreadId) {
-            if (mLooper != nullptr) {
-                Message m{MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC};
-                mLooper->sendMessage(this, m);
-            } else {
-                scheduleVsync();
-            }
-        } else {
-            scheduleVsync();
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (mLooper != nullptr) {
-            Message m{MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS};
-            mLooper->sendMessageDelayed(delay, this, m);
-        } else {
-            scheduleCallbacks();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void Choreographer::registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
-    for (const auto& callback : mRefreshRateCallbacks) {
-        // Don't re-add callbacks.
-        if (cb == callback.callback && data == callback.data) {
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    mRefreshRateCallbacks.emplace_back(
-            RefreshRateCallback{.callback = cb, .data = data, .firstCallbackFired = false});
-    bool needsRegistration = false;
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l2(gChoreographers.lock);
-        needsRegistration = !gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager;
-    }
-    if (needsRegistration) {
-        JNIEnv* env = getJniEnv();
-        if (env == nullptr) {
-            ALOGW("JNI environment is unavailable, skipping registration");
-            return;
-        }
-        jobject dmg = env->CallStaticObjectMethod(gJni.displayManagerGlobal.clazz,
-                                                  gJni.displayManagerGlobal.getInstance);
-        if (dmg == nullptr) {
-            ALOGW("DMS is not initialized yet: skipping registration");
-            return;
-        } else {
-            env->CallVoidMethod(dmg,
-                                gJni.displayManagerGlobal
-                                        .registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks,
-                                reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(this));
-            env->DeleteLocalRef(dmg);
-            {
-                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l2(gChoreographers.lock);
-                gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager = true;
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        scheduleLatestConfigRequest();
-    }
-}
-
-void Choreographer::unregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb,
-                                                  void* data) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
-    mRefreshRateCallbacks.erase(std::remove_if(mRefreshRateCallbacks.begin(),
-                                               mRefreshRateCallbacks.end(),
-                                               [&](const RefreshRateCallback& callback) {
-                                                   return cb == callback.callback &&
-                                                           data == callback.data;
-                                               }),
-                                mRefreshRateCallbacks.end());
-}
-
-void Choreographer::scheduleLatestConfigRequest() {
-    if (mLooper != nullptr) {
-        Message m{MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES};
-        mLooper->sendMessage(this, m);
-    } else {
-        // If the looper thread is detached from Choreographer, then refresh rate
-        // changes will be handled in AChoreographer_handlePendingEvents, so we
-        // need to wake up the looper thread by writing to the write-end of the
-        // socket the looper is listening on.
-        // Fortunately, these events are small so sending packets across the
-        // socket should be atomic across processes.
-        DisplayEventReceiver::Event event;
-        event.header =
-                DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Header{DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_NULL,
-                                                    PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0), systemTime()};
-        injectEvent(event);
-    }
-}
-
-void Choreographer::scheduleCallbacks() {
-    const nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-    nsecs_t dueTime;
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
-        // If there are no pending callbacks then don't schedule a vsync
-        if (mFrameCallbacks.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        dueTime = mFrameCallbacks.top().dueTime;
-    }
-
-    if (dueTime <= now) {
-        ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ scheduling vsync", this);
-        scheduleVsync();
-        return;
-    }
-}
-
-void Choreographer::handleRefreshRateUpdates() {
-    std::vector<RefreshRateCallback> callbacks{};
-    const nsecs_t pendingPeriod = gChoreographers.mLastKnownVsync.load();
-    const nsecs_t lastPeriod = mLatestVsyncPeriod;
-    if (pendingPeriod > 0) {
-        mLatestVsyncPeriod = pendingPeriod;
-    }
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
-        for (auto& cb : mRefreshRateCallbacks) {
-            callbacks.push_back(cb);
-            cb.firstCallbackFired = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (auto& cb : callbacks) {
-        if (!cb.firstCallbackFired || (pendingPeriod > 0 && pendingPeriod != lastPeriod)) {
-            cb.callback(pendingPeriod, cb.data);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// TODO(b/74619554): The PhysicalDisplayId is ignored because SF only emits VSYNC events for the
-// internal display and DisplayEventReceiver::requestNextVsync only allows requesting VSYNC for
-// the internal display implicitly.
-void Choreographer::dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId, uint32_t,
-                                  VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) {
-    std::vector<FrameCallback> callbacks{};
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
-        nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-        while (!mFrameCallbacks.empty() && mFrameCallbacks.top().dueTime < now) {
-            callbacks.push_back(mFrameCallbacks.top());
-            mFrameCallbacks.pop();
-        }
-    }
-    mLastVsyncEventData = vsyncEventData;
-    for (const auto& cb : callbacks) {
-        if (cb.vsyncCallback != nullptr) {
-            const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl frameCallbackData =
-                    createFrameCallbackData(timestamp);
-            registerStartTime();
-            mInCallback = true;
-            cb.vsyncCallback(reinterpret_cast<const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData*>(
-                                     &frameCallbackData),
-                             cb.data);
-            mInCallback = false;
-        } else if (cb.callback64 != nullptr) {
-            cb.callback64(timestamp, cb.data);
-        } else if (cb.callback != nullptr) {
-            cb.callback(timestamp, cb.data);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void Choreographer::dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) {
-    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received hotplug event (displayId=%s, connected=%s), ignoring.", this,
-          to_string(displayId).c_str(), toString(connected));
-}
-
-void Choreographer::dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, nsecs_t) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("dispatchModeChanged was called but was never registered");
-}
-
-void Choreographer::dispatchFrameRateOverrides(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId,
-                                               std::vector<FrameRateOverride>) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("dispatchFrameRateOverrides was called but was never registered");
-}
-
-void Choreographer::dispatchNullEvent(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId) {
-    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received null event.", this);
-    handleRefreshRateUpdates();
-}
-
-void Choreographer::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
-    switch (message.what) {
-        case MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS:
-            scheduleCallbacks();
-            break;
-        case MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC:
-            scheduleVsync();
-            break;
-        case MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES:
-            handleRefreshRateUpdates();
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-int64_t Choreographer::getFrameInterval() const {
-    return mLastVsyncEventData.frameInterval;
-}
-
-bool Choreographer::inCallback() const {
-    return mInCallback;
-}
-
-ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl Choreographer::createFrameCallbackData(nsecs_t timestamp) const {
-    return {.frameTimeNanos = timestamp,
-            .vsyncEventData = mLastVsyncEventData,
-            .choreographer = this};
-}
-
-void Choreographer::registerStartTime() const {
-    std::scoped_lock _l(gChoreographers.lock);
-    for (VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline frameTimeline : mLastVsyncEventData.frameTimelines) {
-        while (gChoreographers.startTimes.size() >= kMaxStartTimes) {
-            gChoreographers.startTimes.erase(gChoreographers.startTimes.begin());
-        }
-        gChoreographers.startTimes[frameTimeline.vsyncId] = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace android
 using namespace android;
 
 static inline Choreographer* AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(AChoreographer* choreographer) {
@@ -488,27 +50,12 @@
 
 // Glue for private C api
 namespace android {
-void AChoreographer_signalRefreshRateCallbacks(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(gChoreographers.lock);
-    gChoreographers.mLastKnownVsync.store(vsyncPeriod);
-    for (auto c : gChoreographers.ptrs) {
-        c->scheduleLatestConfigRequest();
-    }
+void AChoreographer_signalRefreshRateCallbacks(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) {
+    Choreographer::signalRefreshRateCallbacks(vsyncPeriod);
 }
 
 void AChoreographer_initJVM(JNIEnv* env) {
-    env->GetJavaVM(&gJni.jvm);
-    // Now we need to find the java classes.
-    jclass dmgClass = env->FindClass("android/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal");
-    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.clazz = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(dmgClass));
-    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.getInstance =
-            env->GetStaticMethodID(dmgClass, "getInstance",
-                                   "()Landroid/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal;");
-    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks =
-            env->GetMethodID(dmgClass, "registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks", "()V");
-    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks =
-            env->GetMethodID(dmgClass, "unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks",
-                             "()V");
+    Choreographer::initJVM(env);
 }
 
 AChoreographer* AChoreographer_routeGetInstance() {
@@ -583,13 +130,7 @@
 }
 
 int64_t AChoreographer_getStartTimeNanosForVsyncId(AVsyncId vsyncId) {
-    std::scoped_lock _l(gChoreographers.lock);
-    const auto iter = gChoreographers.startTimes.find(vsyncId);
-    if (iter == gChoreographers.startTimes.end()) {
-        ALOGW("Start time was not found for vsync id: %" PRId64, vsyncId);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return iter->second;
+    return Choreographer::getStartTimeNanosForVsyncId(vsyncId);
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp b/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp
index 8d8a2bc..70de33d 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
         ":libgui_frame_event_aidl",
         "AChoreographer.cpp",
         "ADisplay.cpp",
+        "Choreographer.cpp",
         "surfacetexture/surface_texture.cpp",
         "surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp",
         "surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/Choreographer.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/Choreographer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01e9f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/Choreographer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <nativedisplay/Choreographer.h>
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "AChoreographer"
+
+namespace {
+struct {
+    // Global JVM that is provided by zygote
+    JavaVM* jvm = nullptr;
+    struct {
+        jclass clazz;
+        jmethodID getInstance;
+        jmethodID registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks;
+        jmethodID unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks;
+    } displayManagerGlobal;
+} gJni;
+
+// Gets the JNIEnv* for this thread, and performs one-off initialization if we
+// have never retrieved a JNIEnv* pointer before.
+JNIEnv* getJniEnv() {
+    if (gJni.jvm == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("AChoreographer: No JVM provided!");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    JNIEnv* env = nullptr;
+    if (gJni.jvm->GetEnv((void**)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGD("Attaching thread to JVM for AChoreographer");
+        JavaVMAttachArgs args = {JNI_VERSION_1_4, "AChoreographer_env", NULL};
+        jint attachResult = gJni.jvm->AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon(&env, (void*)&args);
+        if (attachResult != JNI_OK) {
+            ALOGE("Unable to attach thread. Error: %d", attachResult);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    if (env == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("AChoreographer: No JNI env available!");
+    }
+    return env;
+}
+
+inline const char* toString(bool value) {
+    return value ? "true" : "false";
+}
+} // namespace
+
+namespace android {
+
+Choreographer::Context Choreographer::gChoreographers;
+
+static thread_local Choreographer* gChoreographer;
+
+void Choreographer::initJVM(JNIEnv* env) {
+    env->GetJavaVM(&gJni.jvm);
+    // Now we need to find the java classes.
+    jclass dmgClass = env->FindClass("android/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal");
+    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.clazz = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(dmgClass));
+    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.getInstance =
+            env->GetStaticMethodID(dmgClass, "getInstance",
+                                   "()Landroid/hardware/display/DisplayManagerGlobal;");
+    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks =
+            env->GetMethodID(dmgClass, "registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks", "()V");
+    gJni.displayManagerGlobal.unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks =
+            env->GetMethodID(dmgClass, "unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks",
+                             "()V");
+}
+
+Choreographer* Choreographer::getForThread() {
+    if (gChoreographer == nullptr) {
+        sp<Looper> looper = Looper::getForThread();
+        if (!looper.get()) {
+            ALOGW("No looper prepared for thread");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        gChoreographer = new Choreographer(looper);
+        status_t result = gChoreographer->initialize();
+        if (result != OK) {
+            ALOGW("Failed to initialize");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    return gChoreographer;
+}
+
+Choreographer::Choreographer(const sp<Looper>& looper)
+      : DisplayEventDispatcher(looper, gui::ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource::eVsyncSourceApp),
+        mLooper(looper),
+        mThreadId(std::this_thread::get_id()) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(gChoreographers.lock);
+    gChoreographers.ptrs.push_back(this);
+}
+
+Choreographer::~Choreographer() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(gChoreographers.lock);
+    gChoreographers.ptrs.erase(std::remove_if(gChoreographers.ptrs.begin(),
+                                              gChoreographers.ptrs.end(),
+                                              [=](Choreographer* c) { return c == this; }),
+                               gChoreographers.ptrs.end());
+    // Only poke DisplayManagerGlobal to unregister if we previously registered
+    // callbacks.
+    if (gChoreographers.ptrs.empty() && gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager) {
+        gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager = false;
+        JNIEnv* env = getJniEnv();
+        if (env == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("JNI environment is unavailable, skipping choreographer cleanup");
+            return;
+        }
+        jobject dmg = env->CallStaticObjectMethod(gJni.displayManagerGlobal.clazz,
+                                                  gJni.displayManagerGlobal.getInstance);
+        if (dmg == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("DMS is not initialized yet, skipping choreographer cleanup");
+        } else {
+            env->CallVoidMethod(dmg,
+                                gJni.displayManagerGlobal
+                                        .unregisterNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks);
+            env->DeleteLocalRef(dmg);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
+                                             AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
+                                             AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback, void* data,
+                                             nsecs_t delay) {
+    nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    FrameCallback callback{cb, cb64, vsyncCallback, data, now + delay};
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
+        mFrameCallbacks.push(callback);
+    }
+    if (callback.dueTime <= now) {
+        if (std::this_thread::get_id() != mThreadId) {
+            if (mLooper != nullptr) {
+                Message m{MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC};
+                mLooper->sendMessage(this, m);
+            } else {
+                scheduleVsync();
+            }
+        } else {
+            scheduleVsync();
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (mLooper != nullptr) {
+            Message m{MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS};
+            mLooper->sendMessageDelayed(delay, this, m);
+        } else {
+            scheduleCallbacks();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
+    for (const auto& callback : mRefreshRateCallbacks) {
+        // Don't re-add callbacks.
+        if (cb == callback.callback && data == callback.data) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    mRefreshRateCallbacks.emplace_back(
+            RefreshRateCallback{.callback = cb, .data = data, .firstCallbackFired = false});
+    bool needsRegistration = false;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l2(gChoreographers.lock);
+        needsRegistration = !gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager;
+    }
+    if (needsRegistration) {
+        JNIEnv* env = getJniEnv();
+        if (env == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("JNI environment is unavailable, skipping registration");
+            return;
+        }
+        jobject dmg = env->CallStaticObjectMethod(gJni.displayManagerGlobal.clazz,
+                                                  gJni.displayManagerGlobal.getInstance);
+        if (dmg == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("DMS is not initialized yet: skipping registration");
+            return;
+        } else {
+            env->CallVoidMethod(dmg,
+                                gJni.displayManagerGlobal
+                                        .registerNativeChoreographerForRefreshRateCallbacks,
+                                reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(this));
+            env->DeleteLocalRef(dmg);
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l2(gChoreographers.lock);
+                gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager = true;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        scheduleLatestConfigRequest();
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::unregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb,
+                                                  void* data) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
+    mRefreshRateCallbacks.erase(std::remove_if(mRefreshRateCallbacks.begin(),
+                                               mRefreshRateCallbacks.end(),
+                                               [&](const RefreshRateCallback& callback) {
+                                                   return cb == callback.callback &&
+                                                           data == callback.data;
+                                               }),
+                                mRefreshRateCallbacks.end());
+}
+
+void Choreographer::scheduleLatestConfigRequest() {
+    if (mLooper != nullptr) {
+        Message m{MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES};
+        mLooper->sendMessage(this, m);
+    } else {
+        // If the looper thread is detached from Choreographer, then refresh rate
+        // changes will be handled in AChoreographer_handlePendingEvents, so we
+        // need to wake up the looper thread by writing to the write-end of the
+        // socket the looper is listening on.
+        // Fortunately, these events are small so sending packets across the
+        // socket should be atomic across processes.
+        DisplayEventReceiver::Event event;
+        event.header =
+                DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Header{DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_NULL,
+                                                    PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0), systemTime()};
+        injectEvent(event);
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::scheduleCallbacks() {
+    const nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    nsecs_t dueTime;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
+        // If there are no pending callbacks then don't schedule a vsync
+        if (mFrameCallbacks.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        dueTime = mFrameCallbacks.top().dueTime;
+    }
+
+    if (dueTime <= now) {
+        ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ scheduling vsync", this);
+        scheduleVsync();
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::handleRefreshRateUpdates() {
+    std::vector<RefreshRateCallback> callbacks{};
+    const nsecs_t pendingPeriod = gChoreographers.mLastKnownVsync.load();
+    const nsecs_t lastPeriod = mLatestVsyncPeriod;
+    if (pendingPeriod > 0) {
+        mLatestVsyncPeriod = pendingPeriod;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
+        for (auto& cb : mRefreshRateCallbacks) {
+            callbacks.push_back(cb);
+            cb.firstCallbackFired = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto& cb : callbacks) {
+        if (!cb.firstCallbackFired || (pendingPeriod > 0 && pendingPeriod != lastPeriod)) {
+            cb.callback(pendingPeriod, cb.data);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId, uint32_t,
+                                  VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) {
+    std::vector<FrameCallback> callbacks{};
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
+        nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+        while (!mFrameCallbacks.empty() && mFrameCallbacks.top().dueTime < now) {
+            callbacks.push_back(mFrameCallbacks.top());
+            mFrameCallbacks.pop();
+        }
+    }
+    mLastVsyncEventData = vsyncEventData;
+    for (const auto& cb : callbacks) {
+        if (cb.vsyncCallback != nullptr) {
+            const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl frameCallbackData =
+                    createFrameCallbackData(timestamp);
+            registerStartTime();
+            mInCallback = true;
+            cb.vsyncCallback(reinterpret_cast<const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData*>(
+                                     &frameCallbackData),
+                             cb.data);
+            mInCallback = false;
+        } else if (cb.callback64 != nullptr) {
+            cb.callback64(timestamp, cb.data);
+        } else if (cb.callback != nullptr) {
+            cb.callback(timestamp, cb.data);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) {
+    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received hotplug event (displayId=%s, connected=%s), ignoring.", this,
+          to_string(displayId).c_str(), toString(connected));
+}
+
+void Choreographer::dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, nsecs_t) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("dispatchModeChanged was called but was never registered");
+}
+
+void Choreographer::dispatchFrameRateOverrides(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId,
+                                               std::vector<FrameRateOverride>) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("dispatchFrameRateOverrides was called but was never registered");
+}
+
+void Choreographer::dispatchNullEvent(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId) {
+    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received null event.", this);
+    handleRefreshRateUpdates();
+}
+
+void Choreographer::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
+    switch (message.what) {
+        case MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS:
+            scheduleCallbacks();
+            break;
+        case MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC:
+            scheduleVsync();
+            break;
+        case MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES:
+            handleRefreshRateUpdates();
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+int64_t Choreographer::getFrameInterval() const {
+    return mLastVsyncEventData.frameInterval;
+}
+
+bool Choreographer::inCallback() const {
+    return mInCallback;
+}
+
+ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl Choreographer::createFrameCallbackData(nsecs_t timestamp) const {
+    return {.frameTimeNanos = timestamp,
+            .vsyncEventData = mLastVsyncEventData,
+            .choreographer = this};
+}
+
+void Choreographer::registerStartTime() const {
+    std::scoped_lock _l(gChoreographers.lock);
+    for (VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline frameTimeline : mLastVsyncEventData.frameTimelines) {
+        while (gChoreographers.startTimes.size() >= kMaxStartTimes) {
+            gChoreographers.startTimes.erase(gChoreographers.startTimes.begin());
+        }
+        gChoreographers.startTimes[frameTimeline.vsyncId] = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    }
+}
+
+void Choreographer::signalRefreshRateCallbacks(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l(gChoreographers.lock);
+    gChoreographers.mLastKnownVsync.store(vsyncPeriod);
+    for (auto c : gChoreographers.ptrs) {
+        c->scheduleLatestConfigRequest();
+    }
+}
+
+int64_t Choreographer::getStartTimeNanosForVsyncId(AVsyncId vsyncId) {
+    std::scoped_lock _l(gChoreographers.lock);
+    const auto iter = gChoreographers.startTimes.find(vsyncId);
+    if (iter == gChoreographers.startTimes.end()) {
+        ALOGW("Start time was not found for vsync id: %" PRId64, vsyncId);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return iter->second;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/include/nativedisplay/Choreographer.h b/libs/nativedisplay/include/nativedisplay/Choreographer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb63f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/include/nativedisplay/Choreographer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h>
+#include <private/android/choreographer.h>
+#include <utils/Looper.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace android {
+using gui::VsyncEventData;
+
+struct FrameCallback {
+    AChoreographer_frameCallback callback;
+    AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback64;
+    AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback;
+    void* data;
+    nsecs_t dueTime;
+
+    inline bool operator<(const FrameCallback& rhs) const {
+        // Note that this is intentionally flipped because we want callbacks due sooner to be at
+        // the head of the queue
+        return dueTime > rhs.dueTime;
+    }
+};
+
+struct RefreshRateCallback {
+    AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback callback;
+    void* data;
+    bool firstCallbackFired = false;
+};
+
+class Choreographer;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of AChoreographerFrameCallbackData.
+ */
+struct ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl {
+    int64_t frameTimeNanos{0};
+
+    VsyncEventData vsyncEventData;
+
+    const Choreographer* choreographer;
+};
+
+class Choreographer : public DisplayEventDispatcher, public MessageHandler {
+public:
+    struct Context {
+        std::mutex lock;
+        std::vector<Choreographer*> ptrs GUARDED_BY(lock);
+        std::map<AVsyncId, int64_t> startTimes GUARDED_BY(lock);
+        bool registeredToDisplayManager GUARDED_BY(lock) = false;
+
+        std::atomic<nsecs_t> mLastKnownVsync = -1;
+    };
+    static Context gChoreographers;
+
+    explicit Choreographer(const sp<Looper>& looper) EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
+    void postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
+                                  AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
+                                  AChoreographer_vsyncCallback vsyncCallback, void* data,
+                                  nsecs_t delay);
+    void registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data)
+            EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
+    void unregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data);
+    // Drains the queue of pending vsync periods and dispatches refresh rate
+    // updates to callbacks.
+    // The assumption is that this method is only called on a single
+    // processing thread, either by looper or by AChoreographer_handleEvents
+    void handleRefreshRateUpdates();
+    void scheduleLatestConfigRequest();
+
+    enum {
+        MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS = 0,
+        MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC = 1,
+        MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES = 2,
+    };
+    virtual void handleMessage(const Message& message) override;
+
+    static void initJVM(JNIEnv* env);
+    static Choreographer* getForThread();
+    static void signalRefreshRateCallbacks(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
+    static int64_t getStartTimeNanosForVsyncId(AVsyncId vsyncId) EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
+    virtual ~Choreographer() override EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
+    int64_t getFrameInterval() const;
+    bool inCallback() const;
+
+private:
+    Choreographer(const Choreographer&) = delete;
+
+    void dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, uint32_t count,
+                       VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) override;
+    void dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
+    void dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t modeId,
+                             nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) override;
+    void dispatchNullEvent(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId) override;
+    void dispatchFrameRateOverrides(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
+                                    std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides) override;
+
+    void scheduleCallbacks();
+
+    ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl createFrameCallbackData(nsecs_t timestamp) const;
+    void registerStartTime() const;
+
+    std::mutex mLock;
+    // Protected by mLock
+    std::priority_queue<FrameCallback> mFrameCallbacks;
+    std::vector<RefreshRateCallback> mRefreshRateCallbacks;
+
+    nsecs_t mLatestVsyncPeriod = -1;
+    VsyncEventData mLastVsyncEventData;
+    bool mInCallback = false;
+
+    const sp<Looper> mLooper;
+    const std::thread::id mThreadId;
+
+    // Approximation of num_threads_using_choreographer * num_frames_of_history with leeway.
+    static constexpr size_t kMaxStartTimes = 250;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
index 0540538..04e24ed 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
         "libsync",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
+        "libvulkan",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@
         "skia/ColorSpaces.cpp",
         "skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp",
         "skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp",
+        "skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp",
         "skia/debug/CaptureTimer.cpp",
         "skia/debug/CommonPool.cpp",
         "skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
index f1fc0a4..341c011 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h"
 
 #include "skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h"
+#include "skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
@@ -37,6 +38,13 @@
         case RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL:
             ALOGD("RenderEngine with SkiaGL Backend");
             return renderengine::skia::SkiaGLRenderEngine::create(args);
+        case RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK:
+#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
+            ALOGD("RenderEngine with SkiaVK Backend");
+            return renderengine::skia::SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(args);
+#else
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Requested VK backend, but RE_SKIAVK is not defined!");
+#endif
         case RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED: {
             ALOGD("Threaded RenderEngine with SkiaGL Backend");
             return renderengine::threaded::RenderEngineThreaded::create(
@@ -45,6 +53,17 @@
                     },
                     args.renderEngineType);
         }
+        case RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK_THREADED:
+#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
+            ALOGD("Threaded RenderEngine with SkiaVK Backend");
+            return renderengine::threaded::RenderEngineThreaded::create(
+                    [args]() {
+                        return android::renderengine::skia::SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(args);
+                    },
+                    args.renderEngineType);
+#else
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Requested VK backend, but RE_SKIAVK is not defined!");
+#endif
         case RenderEngineType::GLES:
         default:
             ALOGD("RenderEngine with GLES Backend");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.cpp b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.cpp
index d44eb46..bd7b617 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
             return "skiaglthreaded";
         case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL:
             return "skiagl";
+        case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK:
+            return "skiavk";
+        case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK_THREADED:
+            return "skiavkthreaded";
         case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES:
         case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::THREADED:
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("GLESRenderEngine is deprecated - why time it?");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
index 9182feb..39621cd 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@
         THREADED = 2,
         SKIA_GL = 3,
         SKIA_GL_THREADED = 4,
+        SKIA_VK = 5,
+        SKIA_VK_THREADED = 6,
     };
 
     static std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args);
@@ -170,9 +172,16 @@
     virtual void cleanupPostRender() = 0;
 
     virtual void cleanFramebufferCache() = 0;
-    // Returns the priority this context was actually created with. Note: this may not be
-    // the same as specified at context creation time, due to implementation limits on the
-    // number of contexts that can be created at a specific priority level in the system.
+
+    // Returns the priority this context was actually created with. Note: this
+    // may not be the same as specified at context creation time, due to
+    // implementation limits on the number of contexts that can be created at a
+    // specific priority level in the system.
+    //
+    // This should return a valid EGL context priority enum as described by
+    // https://registry.khronos.org/EGL/extensions/IMG/EGL_IMG_context_priority.txt
+    // or
+    // https://registry.khronos.org/EGL/extensions/NV/EGL_NV_context_priority_realtime.txt
     virtual int getContextPriority() = 0;
 
     // Returns true if blur was requested in the RenderEngineCreationArgs and the implementation
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index 347b8b7..ff598e7 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@
     }
 
     // initialize the renderer while GL is current
-    std::unique_ptr<SkiaGLRenderEngine> engine =
-            std::make_unique<SkiaGLRenderEngine>(args, display, ctxt, placeholder, protectedContext,
-                                                 protectedPlaceholder);
+    std::unique_ptr<SkiaGLRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaGLRenderEngine(args, display, ctxt,
+                                                                      placeholder, protectedContext,
+                                                                      protectedPlaceholder));
     engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
 
     ALOGI("OpenGL ES informations:");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
index 4a37ffe..af33110 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@
 class SkiaGLRenderEngine : public skia::SkiaRenderEngine {
 public:
     static std::unique_ptr<SkiaGLRenderEngine> create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args);
-    SkiaGLRenderEngine(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args, EGLDisplay display, EGLContext ctxt,
-                       EGLSurface placeholder, EGLContext protectedContext,
-                       EGLSurface protectedPlaceholder);
     ~SkiaGLRenderEngine() override;
 
     int getContextPriority() override;
@@ -70,6 +67,9 @@
     void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
 
 private:
+    SkiaGLRenderEngine(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args, EGLDisplay display, EGLContext ctxt,
+                       EGLSurface placeholder, EGLContext protectedContext,
+                       EGLSurface protectedPlaceholder);
     bool waitGpuFence(base::borrowed_fd fenceFd);
     base::unique_fd flush();
     static EGLConfig chooseEglConfig(EGLDisplay display, int format, bool logConfig);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
index fca6c0e..413811e 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -388,9 +388,11 @@
 
 void SkiaRenderEngine::mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
                                                   bool isRenderable) {
-    // Only run this if RE is running on its own thread. This way the access to GL
-    // operations is guaranteed to be happening on the same thread.
-    if (mRenderEngineType != RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED) {
+    // Only run this if RE is running on its own thread. This
+    // way the access to GL operations is guaranteed to be happening on the
+    // same thread.
+    if (mRenderEngineType != RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED &&
+        mRenderEngineType != RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK_THREADED) {
         return;
     }
     // We currently don't attempt to map a buffer if the buffer contains protected content
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b8495c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Allow the SkiaVkRenderEngine class to not be compiled, to save space
+// NOTE: In order to build this class, define `RE_SKIAVK` in a build file.
+#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "RenderEngine"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "SkiaVkRenderEngine.h"
+
+#include <GrBackendSemaphore.h>
+#include <GrContextOptions.h>
+#include <vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
+#include <vk/GrVkTypes.h>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
+#include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include "log/log_main.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+
+struct VulkanFuncs {
+    PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vkCreateSemaphore = nullptr;
+    PFN_vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR = nullptr;
+    PFN_vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR = nullptr;
+    PFN_vkDestroySemaphore vkDestroySemaphore = nullptr;
+
+    PFN_vkDeviceWaitIdle vkDeviceWaitIdle = nullptr;
+    PFN_vkDestroyDevice vkDestroyDevice = nullptr;
+    PFN_vkDestroyInstance vkDestroyInstance = nullptr;
+};
+
+struct VulkanInterface {
+    bool initialized = false;
+    VkInstance instance;
+    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
+    VkDevice device;
+    VkQueue queue;
+    int queueIndex;
+    uint32_t apiVersion;
+    GrVkExtensions grExtensions;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2* physicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures* samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties* protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
+    GrVkGetProc grGetProc;
+    bool isProtected;
+    bool isRealtimePriority;
+
+    VulkanFuncs funcs;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> instanceExtensionNames;
+    std::vector<std::string> deviceExtensionNames;
+
+    GrVkBackendContext getBackendContext() {
+        GrVkBackendContext backendContext;
+        backendContext.fInstance = instance;
+        backendContext.fPhysicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+        backendContext.fDevice = device;
+        backendContext.fQueue = queue;
+        backendContext.fGraphicsQueueIndex = queueIndex;
+        backendContext.fMaxAPIVersion = apiVersion;
+        backendContext.fVkExtensions = &grExtensions;
+        backendContext.fDeviceFeatures2 = physicalDeviceFeatures2;
+        backendContext.fGetProc = grGetProc;
+        backendContext.fProtectedContext = isProtected ? GrProtected::kYes : GrProtected::kNo;
+        return backendContext;
+    };
+
+    VkSemaphore createExportableSemaphore() {
+        VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo exportInfo;
+        exportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+        exportInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        exportInfo.handleTypes = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
+
+        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
+        semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+        semaphoreInfo.pNext = &exportInfo;
+        semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
+
+        VkSemaphore semaphore;
+        VkResult err = funcs.vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
+        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to create semaphore. err %d\n", __func__, err);
+            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        return semaphore;
+    }
+
+    // syncFd cannot be <= 0
+    VkSemaphore importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(int syncFd) {
+        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
+        semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+        semaphoreInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
+
+        VkSemaphore semaphore;
+        VkResult err = funcs.vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
+        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to create import semaphore", __func__);
+            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        VkImportSemaphoreFdInfoKHR importInfo;
+        importInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMPORT_SEMAPHORE_FD_INFO_KHR;
+        importInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        importInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
+        importInfo.flags = VK_SEMAPHORE_IMPORT_TEMPORARY_BIT;
+        importInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
+        importInfo.fd = syncFd;
+
+        err = funcs.vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR(device, &importInfo);
+        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+            funcs.vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphore, nullptr);
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to import semaphore", __func__);
+            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        return semaphore;
+    }
+
+    int exportSemaphoreSyncFd(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
+        int res;
+
+        VkSemaphoreGetFdInfoKHR getFdInfo;
+        getFdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_GET_FD_INFO_KHR;
+        getFdInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        getFdInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
+        getFdInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
+
+        VkResult err = funcs.vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR(device, &getFdInfo, &res);
+        if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to export semaphore, err: %d", __func__, err);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    void destroySemaphore(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
+        funcs.vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphore, nullptr);
+    }
+};
+
+static GrVkGetProc sGetProc = [](const char* proc_name, VkInstance instance, VkDevice device) {
+    if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        return vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, proc_name);
+    }
+    return vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, proc_name);
+};
+
+#define BAIL(fmt, ...)                                          \
+    {                                                           \
+        ALOGE("%s: " fmt ", bailing", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        return interface;                                       \
+    }
+
+#define CHECK_NONNULL(expr)       \
+    if ((expr) == nullptr) {      \
+        BAIL("[%s] null", #expr); \
+    }
+
+#define VK_CHECK(expr)                              \
+    if ((expr) != VK_SUCCESS) {                     \
+        BAIL("[%s] failed. err = %d", #expr, expr); \
+        return interface;                           \
+    }
+
+#define VK_GET_PROC(F)                                                           \
+    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(VK_NULL_HANDLE, "vk" #F); \
+    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
+#define VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, F)                                      \
+    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vk" #F); \
+    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
+#define VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, F)                                     \
+    PFN_vk##F vk##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, "vk" #F); \
+    CHECK_NONNULL(vk##F)
+
+VulkanInterface initVulkanInterface(bool protectedContent = false) {
+    VulkanInterface interface;
+
+    VK_GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceVersion);
+    uint32_t instanceVersion;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceVersion(&instanceVersion));
+
+    if (instanceVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) {
+        return interface;
+    }
+
+    const VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO, nullptr, "surfaceflinger", 0, "android platform", 0,
+            VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0),
+    };
+
+    VK_GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties);
+
+    uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr));
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> instanceExtensions(extensionCount);
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount,
+                                                    instanceExtensions.data()));
+    std::vector<const char*> enabledInstanceExtensionNames;
+    enabledInstanceExtensionNames.reserve(instanceExtensions.size());
+    interface.instanceExtensionNames.reserve(instanceExtensions.size());
+    for (const auto& instExt : instanceExtensions) {
+        enabledInstanceExtensionNames.push_back(instExt.extensionName);
+        interface.instanceExtensionNames.push_back(instExt.extensionName);
+    }
+
+    const VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr,
+            0,
+            &appInfo,
+            0,
+            nullptr,
+            (uint32_t)enabledInstanceExtensionNames.size(),
+            enabledInstanceExtensionNames.data(),
+    };
+
+    VK_GET_PROC(CreateInstance);
+    VkInstance instance;
+    VK_CHECK(vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, nullptr, &instance));
+
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, DestroyInstance);
+    interface.funcs.vkDestroyInstance = vkDestroyInstance;
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, EnumeratePhysicalDevices);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2);
+    VK_GET_INST_PROC(instance, CreateDevice);
+
+    uint32_t physdevCount;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physdevCount, nullptr));
+    if (physdevCount == 0) {
+        BAIL("Could not find any physical devices");
+    }
+
+    physdevCount = 1;
+    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
+    VkResult enumeratePhysDevsErr =
+            vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physdevCount, &physicalDevice);
+    if (enumeratePhysDevsErr != VK_SUCCESS && VK_INCOMPLETE != enumeratePhysDevsErr) {
+        BAIL("vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices failed with non-VK_INCOMPLETE error: %d",
+             enumeratePhysDevsErr);
+    }
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 physDevProps = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
+            0,
+            {},
+    };
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties protMemProps = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES,
+            0,
+            {},
+    };
+
+    if (protectedContent) {
+        physDevProps.pNext = &protMemProps;
+    }
+
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physicalDevice, &physDevProps);
+    if (physDevProps.properties.apiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0)) {
+        BAIL("Could not find a Vulkan 1.1+ physical device");
+    }
+
+    // Check for syncfd support. Bail if we cannot both import and export them.
+    VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo semInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_INFO,
+            nullptr,
+            VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+    };
+    VkExternalSemaphoreProperties semProps = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES, nullptr, 0, 0, 0,
+    };
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties(physicalDevice, &semInfo, &semProps);
+
+    bool sufficientSemaphoreSyncFdSupport = (semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes &
+                                             VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT) &&
+            (semProps.compatibleHandleTypes & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT) &&
+            (semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT) &&
+            (semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
+
+    if (!sufficientSemaphoreSyncFdSupport) {
+        BAIL("Vulkan device does not support sufficient external semaphore sync fd features. "
+             "exportFromImportedHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+             "compatibleHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+             "externalSemaphoreFeatures 0x%x (needed 0x%x) ",
+             semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+             semProps.compatibleHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+             semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures,
+             VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT |
+                     VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
+    } else {
+        ALOGD("Vulkan device supports sufficient external semaphore sync fd features. "
+              "exportFromImportedHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+              "compatibleHandleTypes 0x%x (needed 0x%x) "
+              "externalSemaphoreFeatures 0x%x (needed 0x%x) ",
+              semProps.exportFromImportedHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+              semProps.compatibleHandleTypes, VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT,
+              semProps.externalSemaphoreFeatures,
+              VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT |
+                      VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t queueCount;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueCount, nullptr);
+    if (queueCount == 0) {
+        BAIL("Could not find queues for physical device");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueProps(queueCount);
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueCount, queueProps.data());
+
+    int graphicsQueueIndex = -1;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueCount; ++i) {
+        if (queueProps[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
+            graphicsQueueIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (graphicsQueueIndex == -1) {
+        BAIL("Could not find a graphics queue family");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t deviceExtensionCount;
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &deviceExtensionCount,
+                                                  nullptr));
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> deviceExtensions(deviceExtensionCount);
+    VK_CHECK(vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &deviceExtensionCount,
+                                                  deviceExtensions.data()));
+
+    std::vector<const char*> enabledDeviceExtensionNames;
+    enabledDeviceExtensionNames.reserve(deviceExtensions.size());
+    interface.deviceExtensionNames.reserve(deviceExtensions.size());
+    for (const auto& devExt : deviceExtensions) {
+        enabledDeviceExtensionNames.push_back(devExt.extensionName);
+        interface.deviceExtensionNames.push_back(devExt.extensionName);
+    }
+
+    interface.grExtensions.init(sGetProc, instance, physicalDevice,
+                                enabledInstanceExtensionNames.size(),
+                                enabledInstanceExtensionNames.data(),
+                                enabledDeviceExtensionNames.size(),
+                                enabledDeviceExtensionNames.data());
+
+    if (!interface.grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FD_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
+        BAIL("Vulkan driver doesn't support external semaphore fd");
+    }
+
+    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2 = new VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;
+    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
+    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->pNext = nullptr;
+
+    interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
+    interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->sType =
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_FEATURES;
+    interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
+
+    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->pNext = interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
+    void** tailPnext = &interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->pNext;
+
+    if (protectedContent) {
+        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties;
+        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->sType =
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES;
+        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
+        *tailPnext = interface.protectedMemoryFeatures;
+        tailPnext = &interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->pNext;
+    }
+
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physicalDevice, interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2);
+    // Looks like this would slow things down and we can't depend on it on all platforms
+    interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2->features.robustBufferAccess = VK_FALSE;
+
+    float queuePriorities[1] = {0.0f};
+    void* queueNextPtr = nullptr;
+
+    VkDeviceQueueGlobalPriorityCreateInfoEXT queuePriorityCreateInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+            nullptr,
+            // If queue priority is supported, RE should always have realtime priority.
+            VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_REALTIME_EXT,
+    };
+
+    if (interface.grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_EXTENSION_NAME, 2)) {
+        queueNextPtr = &queuePriorityCreateInfo;
+        interface.isRealtimePriority = true;
+    }
+
+    VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags deviceQueueCreateFlags =
+            (VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags)(protectedContent ? VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT : 0);
+
+    const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+            queueNextPtr,
+            deviceQueueCreateFlags,
+            (uint32_t)graphicsQueueIndex,
+            1,
+            queuePriorities,
+    };
+
+    const VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceInfo = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+            interface.physicalDeviceFeatures2,
+            0,
+            1,
+            &queueInfo,
+            0,
+            nullptr,
+            (uint32_t)enabledDeviceExtensionNames.size(),
+            enabledDeviceExtensionNames.data(),
+            nullptr,
+    };
+
+    ALOGD("Trying to create Vk device with protectedContent=%d", protectedContent);
+    VkDevice device;
+    VK_CHECK(vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &deviceInfo, nullptr, &device));
+    ALOGD("Trying to create Vk device with protectedContent=%d (success)", protectedContent);
+
+    VkQueue graphicsQueue;
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, GetDeviceQueue);
+    vkGetDeviceQueue(device, graphicsQueueIndex, 0, &graphicsQueue);
+
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DeviceWaitIdle);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DestroyDevice);
+    interface.funcs.vkDeviceWaitIdle = vkDeviceWaitIdle;
+    interface.funcs.vkDestroyDevice = vkDestroyDevice;
+
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, CreateSemaphore);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, ImportSemaphoreFdKHR);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, GetSemaphoreFdKHR);
+    VK_GET_DEV_PROC(device, DestroySemaphore);
+    interface.funcs.vkCreateSemaphore = vkCreateSemaphore;
+    interface.funcs.vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR = vkImportSemaphoreFdKHR;
+    interface.funcs.vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR = vkGetSemaphoreFdKHR;
+    interface.funcs.vkDestroySemaphore = vkDestroySemaphore;
+
+    // At this point, everything's succeeded and we can continue
+    interface.initialized = true;
+    interface.instance = instance;
+    interface.physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+    interface.device = device;
+    interface.queue = graphicsQueue;
+    interface.queueIndex = graphicsQueueIndex;
+    interface.apiVersion = physDevProps.properties.apiVersion;
+    // grExtensions already constructed
+    // feature pointers already constructed
+    interface.grGetProc = sGetProc;
+    interface.isProtected = protectedContent;
+    // funcs already initialized
+
+    ALOGD("%s: Success init Vulkan interface", __func__);
+    return interface;
+}
+
+void teardownVulkanInterface(VulkanInterface* interface) {
+    interface->initialized = false;
+
+    if (interface->device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        interface->funcs.vkDeviceWaitIdle(interface->device);
+        interface->funcs.vkDestroyDevice(interface->device, nullptr);
+        interface->device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+    if (interface->instance != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        interface->funcs.vkDestroyInstance(interface->instance, nullptr);
+        interface->instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    if (interface->protectedMemoryFeatures) {
+        delete interface->protectedMemoryFeatures;
+    }
+
+    if (interface->samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures) {
+        delete interface->samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;
+    }
+
+    if (interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2) {
+        delete interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2;
+    }
+
+    interface->samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
+    interface->physicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
+    interface->protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
+}
+
+static VulkanInterface sVulkanInterface;
+static VulkanInterface sProtectedContentVulkanInterface;
+
+static void sSetupVulkanInterface() {
+    if (!sVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+        sVulkanInterface = initVulkanInterface(false /* no protected content */);
+        // We will have to abort if non-protected VkDevice creation fails (then nothing works).
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!sVulkanInterface.initialized,
+                            "Could not initialize Vulkan RenderEngine!");
+    }
+    if (!sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+        sProtectedContentVulkanInterface = initVulkanInterface(true /* protected content */);
+        if (!sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+            ALOGE("Could not initialize protected content Vulkan RenderEngine.");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace skia {
+
+using base::StringAppendF;
+
+bool SkiaVkRenderEngine::canSupportSkiaVkRenderEngine() {
+    VulkanInterface temp = initVulkanInterface(false /* no protected content */);
+    ALOGD("SkiaVkRenderEngine::canSupportSkiaVkRenderEngine(): initialized == %s.",
+          temp.initialized ? "true" : "false");
+    return temp.initialized;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(
+        const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
+    std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> engine(new SkiaVkRenderEngine(args));
+    engine->ensureGrContextsCreated();
+
+    if (sVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+        ALOGD("SkiaVkRenderEngine::%s: successfully initialized SkiaVkRenderEngine", __func__);
+        return engine;
+    } else {
+        ALOGD("SkiaVkRenderEngine::%s: could not create SkiaVkRenderEngine. "
+              "Likely insufficient Vulkan support",
+              __func__);
+        return {};
+    }
+}
+
+SkiaVkRenderEngine::SkiaVkRenderEngine(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args)
+      : SkiaRenderEngine(args.renderEngineType, static_cast<PixelFormat>(args.pixelFormat),
+                         args.useColorManagement, args.supportsBackgroundBlur) {}
+
+SkiaVkRenderEngine::~SkiaVkRenderEngine() {
+    finishRenderingAndAbandonContext();
+}
+
+SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts SkiaVkRenderEngine::createDirectContexts(
+        const GrContextOptions& options) {
+    sSetupVulkanInterface();
+
+    SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
+    contexts.first = GrDirectContext::MakeVulkan(sVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(), options);
+    if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
+        contexts.second =
+                GrDirectContext::MakeVulkan(sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.getBackendContext(),
+                                            options);
+    }
+
+    return contexts;
+}
+
+bool SkiaVkRenderEngine::supportsProtectedContentImpl() const {
+    return sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized;
+}
+
+bool SkiaVkRenderEngine::useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void delete_semaphore(void* _semaphore) {
+    VkSemaphore semaphore = (VkSemaphore)_semaphore;
+    sVulkanInterface.destroySemaphore(semaphore);
+}
+
+static void delete_semaphore_protected(void* _semaphore) {
+    VkSemaphore semaphore = (VkSemaphore)_semaphore;
+    sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.destroySemaphore(semaphore);
+}
+
+static VulkanInterface& getVulkanInterface(bool protectedContext) {
+    if (protectedContext) {
+        return sProtectedContentVulkanInterface;
+    }
+    return sVulkanInterface;
+}
+
+void SkiaVkRenderEngine::waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) {
+    if (fenceFd.get() < 0) return;
+
+    int dupedFd = dup(fenceFd.get());
+    if (dupedFd < 0) {
+        ALOGE("failed to create duplicate fence fd: %d", dupedFd);
+        sync_wait(fenceFd.get(), -1);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    base::unique_fd fenceDup(dupedFd);
+    VkSemaphore waitSemaphore =
+            getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).importSemaphoreFromSyncFd(fenceDup.release());
+    GrBackendSemaphore beSemaphore;
+    beSemaphore.initVulkan(waitSemaphore);
+    grContext->wait(1, &beSemaphore, true /* delete after wait */);
+}
+
+base::unique_fd SkiaVkRenderEngine::flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* grContext) {
+    VkSemaphore signalSemaphore = getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).createExportableSemaphore();
+    GrBackendSemaphore beSignalSemaphore;
+    beSignalSemaphore.initVulkan(signalSemaphore);
+    GrFlushInfo flushInfo;
+    flushInfo.fNumSemaphores = 1;
+    flushInfo.fSignalSemaphores = &beSignalSemaphore;
+    flushInfo.fFinishedProc = isProtected() ? delete_semaphore_protected : delete_semaphore;
+    flushInfo.fFinishedContext = (void*)signalSemaphore;
+    GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = grContext->flush(flushInfo);
+    grContext->submit(false /* no cpu sync */);
+    int drawFenceFd = -1;
+    if (GrSemaphoresSubmitted::kYes == submitted) {
+        drawFenceFd = getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).exportSemaphoreSyncFd(signalSemaphore);
+    }
+    base::unique_fd res(drawFenceFd);
+    return res;
+}
+
+int SkiaVkRenderEngine::getContextPriority() {
+    // EGL_CONTEXT_PRIORITY_REALTIME_NV
+    constexpr int kRealtimePriority = 0x3357;
+    if (getVulkanInterface(isProtected()).isRealtimePriority) {
+        return kRealtimePriority;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void SkiaVkRenderEngine::appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) {
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n ------------RE Vulkan----------\n");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Vulkan device initialized: %d\n", sVulkanInterface.initialized);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Vulkan protected device initialized: %d\n",
+                  sProtectedContentVulkanInterface.initialized);
+
+    if (!sVulkanInterface.initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Instance extensions:\n");
+    for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.instanceExtensionNames) {
+        StringAppendF(&result, "\n %s\n", name.c_str());
+    }
+
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\n Device extensions:\n");
+    for (const auto& name : sVulkanInterface.deviceExtensionNames) {
+        StringAppendF(&result, "\n %s\n", name.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
+#endif // RE_SKIAVK
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e42b80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SF_SKIAVKRENDERENGINE_H_
+#define SF_SKIAVKRENDERENGINE_H_
+
+// Allow the SkiaVkRenderEngine class to not be compiled, to save space
+// NOTE: In order to build this class, define `RE_SKIAVK` in a build file.
+#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
+
+#include <vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
+
+#include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace skia {
+
+class SkiaVkRenderEngine : public SkiaRenderEngine {
+public:
+    // Returns false if Vulkan implementation can't support SkiaVkRenderEngine.
+    static bool canSupportSkiaVkRenderEngine();
+    static std::unique_ptr<SkiaVkRenderEngine> create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args);
+    ~SkiaVkRenderEngine() override;
+
+    int getContextPriority() override;
+
+protected:
+    // Implementations of abstract SkiaRenderEngine functions specific to
+    // rendering backend
+    virtual SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts createDirectContexts(const GrContextOptions& options);
+    bool supportsProtectedContentImpl() const override;
+    bool useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected isProtected) override;
+    void waitFence(GrDirectContext* grContext, base::borrowed_fd fenceFd) override;
+    base::unique_fd flushAndSubmit(GrDirectContext* context) override;
+    void appendBackendSpecificInfoToDump(std::string& result) override;
+
+private:
+    SkiaVkRenderEngine(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args);
+    base::unique_fd flush();
+
+    GrVkBackendContext mBackendContext;
+};
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif // RE_SKIAVK
+#endif // SF_SKIAVKRENDERENGINE_H_
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
index 777d02f..7db95a7 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include <fstream>
 
 #include "../skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h"
+#include "../skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h"
 #include "../threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h"
 
 constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 128;
@@ -107,9 +108,53 @@
     virtual std::string name() = 0;
     virtual renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType type() = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine> createRenderEngine() = 0;
+    virtual bool typeSupported() = 0;
     virtual bool useColorManagement() const = 0;
 };
 
+#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
+class SkiaVkRenderEngineFactory : public RenderEngineFactory {
+public:
+    std::string name() override { return "SkiaVkRenderEngineFactory"; }
+
+    renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType type() {
+        return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine> createRenderEngine() override {
+        std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine> re = createSkiaVkRenderEngine();
+        return re;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<renderengine::skia::SkiaVkRenderEngine> createSkiaVkRenderEngine() {
+        renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs reCreationArgs =
+                renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs::Builder()
+                        .setPixelFormat(static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888))
+                        .setImageCacheSize(1)
+                        .setUseColorManagerment(false)
+                        .setEnableProtectedContext(false)
+                        .setPrecacheToneMapperShaderOnly(false)
+                        .setSupportsBackgroundBlur(true)
+                        .setContextPriority(renderengine::RenderEngine::ContextPriority::MEDIUM)
+                        .setRenderEngineType(type())
+                        .setUseColorManagerment(useColorManagement())
+                        .build();
+        return renderengine::skia::SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(reCreationArgs);
+    }
+
+    bool typeSupported() override {
+        return skia::SkiaVkRenderEngine::canSupportSkiaVkRenderEngine();
+    }
+    bool useColorManagement() const override { return false; }
+    void skip() { GTEST_SKIP(); }
+};
+
+class SkiaVkCMRenderEngineFactory : public SkiaVkRenderEngineFactory {
+public:
+    bool useColorManagement() const override { return true; }
+};
+#endif // RE_SKIAVK
+
 class SkiaGLESRenderEngineFactory : public RenderEngineFactory {
 public:
     std::string name() override { return "SkiaGLRenderEngineFactory"; }
@@ -133,6 +178,7 @@
         return renderengine::skia::SkiaGLRenderEngine::create(reCreationArgs);
     }
 
+    bool typeSupported() override { return true; }
     bool useColorManagement() const override { return false; }
 };
 
@@ -159,6 +205,7 @@
         return renderengine::skia::SkiaGLRenderEngine::create(reCreationArgs);
     }
 
+    bool typeSupported() override { return true; }
     bool useColorManagement() const override { return true; }
 };
 
@@ -1513,16 +1560,30 @@
     expectBufferColor(Rect(kGreyLevels, 1), generator, 2);
 }
 
+#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerRenderEngineType, RenderEngineTest,
+                         testing::Values(std::make_shared<SkiaGLESRenderEngineFactory>(),
+                                         std::make_shared<SkiaGLESCMRenderEngineFactory>(),
+                                         std::make_shared<SkiaVkRenderEngineFactory>(),
+                                         std::make_shared<SkiaVkCMRenderEngineFactory>()));
+#else  // RE_SKIAVK
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerRenderEngineType, RenderEngineTest,
                          testing::Values(std::make_shared<SkiaGLESRenderEngineFactory>(),
                                          std::make_shared<SkiaGLESCMRenderEngineFactory>()));
+#endif // RE_SKIAVK
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_noLayersToDraw) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     drawEmptyLayers();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillRedBufferAndEmptyBuffer) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
@@ -1547,6 +1608,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_withoutBuffers_withColorTransform) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
@@ -1578,6 +1642,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_nullOutputBuffer) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
@@ -1597,56 +1664,89 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillRedBuffer_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillRedBuffer<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillGreenBuffer_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillGreenBuffer<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBlueBuffer_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBlueBuffer<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillRedTransparentBuffer_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillRedTransparentBuffer<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferPhysicalOffset_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferPhysicalOffset<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate0_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate0<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate90_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate90<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate180_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate180<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate270_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate270<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferLayerTransform_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferLayerTransform<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransform_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferColorTransform<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
@@ -1654,7 +1754,7 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransform_sourceDataspace) {
     const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
     // skip for non color management
-    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->typeSupported() || !renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -1665,7 +1765,7 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransform_outputDataspace) {
     const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
     // skip for non color management
-    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->typeSupported() || !renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -1674,81 +1774,129 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferRoundedCorners_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithRoundedCorners<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferAndBlurBackground_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferAndBlurBackground<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillSmallLayerAndBlurBackground_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillSmallLayerAndBlurBackground<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_overlayCorners_colorSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     overlayCorners<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillRedBuffer_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillRedBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillGreenBuffer_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillGreenBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBlueBuffer_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBlueBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillRedTransparentBuffer_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillRedTransparentBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferPhysicalOffset_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferPhysicalOffset<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate0_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate0<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate90_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate90<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate180_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate180<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate270_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate270<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferLayerTransform_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferLayerTransform<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransform_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferColorTransform<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
@@ -1756,7 +1904,7 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace_opaqueBufferSource) {
     const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
     // skip for non color management
-    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->typeSupported() || !renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -1767,7 +1915,7 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace_opaqueBufferSource) {
     const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
     // skip for non color management
-    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->typeSupported() || !renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -1776,81 +1924,129 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferRoundedCorners_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithRoundedCorners<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferAndBlurBackground_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferAndBlurBackground<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillSmallLayerAndBlurBackground_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillSmallLayerAndBlurBackground<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_overlayCorners_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     overlayCorners<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillRedBuffer_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillRedBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillGreenBuffer_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillGreenBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBlueBuffer_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBlueBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillRedTransparentBuffer_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillRedTransparentBuffer<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferPhysicalOffset_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferPhysicalOffset<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate0_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate0<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate90_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate90<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate180_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate180<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferCheckersRotate270_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferCheckersRotate270<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferLayerTransform_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferLayerTransform<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransform_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferColorTransform<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
@@ -1858,7 +2054,7 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace_bufferSource) {
     const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
     // skip for non color management
-    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->typeSupported() || !renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -1869,7 +2065,7 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace_bufferSource) {
     const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
     // skip for non color management
-    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->typeSupported() || !renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -1878,46 +2074,73 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferRoundedCorners_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithRoundedCorners<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferAndBlurBackground_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferAndBlurBackground<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillSmallLayerAndBlurBackground_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillSmallLayerAndBlurBackground<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_overlayCorners_bufferSource) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     overlayCorners<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferTextureTransform) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferTextureTransform();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBuffer_premultipliesAlpha) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithPremultiplyAlpha();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBuffer_withoutPremultiplyingAlpha) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithoutPremultiplyAlpha();
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_castsWithoutCasterLayer) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ubyte4 backgroundColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255),
@@ -1934,6 +2157,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterLayerMinSize) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
@@ -1955,6 +2181,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterColorLayer) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
@@ -1977,6 +2206,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterOpaqueBufferLayer) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
@@ -2000,6 +2232,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterWithRoundedCorner) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
@@ -2024,6 +2259,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_translucentCasterWithAlpha) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ubyte4 casterColor(255, 0, 0, 255);
@@ -2051,6 +2289,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, cleanupPostRender_cleansUpOnce) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
@@ -2081,12 +2322,20 @@
     fenceTwo->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
 
     // Only cleanup the first time.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mRE->canSkipPostRenderCleanup());
-    mRE->cleanupPostRender();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mRE->canSkipPostRenderCleanup());
+    if (mRE->canSkipPostRenderCleanup()) {
+        // Skia's Vk backend may keep the texture alive beyond drawLayersInternal, so
+        // it never gets added to the cleanup list. In those cases, we can skip.
+        EXPECT_TRUE(GetParam()->type() == renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK);
+    } else {
+        mRE->cleanupPostRender();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mRE->canSkipPostRenderCleanup());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testRoundedCornersCrop) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
@@ -2137,6 +2386,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testRoundedCornersParentCrop) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
@@ -2182,6 +2434,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testRoundedCornersParentCropSmallBounds) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
@@ -2259,6 +2514,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testClear) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const auto rect = fullscreenRect();
@@ -2288,6 +2546,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testDisableBlendingBuffer) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const auto rect = Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
@@ -2385,6 +2646,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testDimming) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ui::Dataspace dataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -2457,6 +2721,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testDimming_inGammaSpace) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ui::Dataspace dataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(ui::Dataspace::STANDARD_BT709 |
@@ -2532,6 +2799,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testDimming_inGammaSpace_withDisplayColorTransform) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ui::Dataspace dataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(ui::Dataspace::STANDARD_BT709 |
@@ -2592,6 +2862,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testDimming_inGammaSpace_withDisplayColorTransform_deviceHandles) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const ui::Dataspace dataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(ui::Dataspace::STANDARD_BT709 |
@@ -2653,6 +2926,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testDimming_withoutTargetLuminance) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const auto displayRect = Rect(2, 1);
@@ -2704,6 +2980,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, test_isOpaque) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const auto rect = Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
@@ -2755,7 +3034,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, test_tonemapPQMatches) {
-    if (!GetParam()->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported() || !GetParam()->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -2772,7 +3051,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, test_tonemapHLGMatches) {
-    if (!GetParam()->useColorManagement()) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported() || !GetParam()->useColorManagement()) {
         GTEST_SKIP();
     }
 
@@ -2789,6 +3068,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, r8_behaves_as_mask) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const auto r8Buffer = allocateR8Buffer(2, 1);
@@ -2846,6 +3128,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, r8_respects_color_transform) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const auto r8Buffer = allocateR8Buffer(2, 1);
@@ -2908,6 +3193,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, r8_respects_color_transform_when_device_handles) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     const auto r8Buffer = allocateR8Buffer(2, 1);
@@ -2973,6 +3261,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, primeShaderCache) {
+    if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
     auto fut = mRE->primeCache();
diff --git a/libs/sensor/Android.bp b/libs/sensor/Android.bp
index 2b93c6e..b6b9cc4 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/sensor/Android.bp
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_library {
     name: "libsensor",
 
+    host_supported: true,
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
diff --git a/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp b/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp
index 78f692b..2278d39 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp
+++ b/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
     GET_DYNAMIC_SENSOR_LIST,
     CREATE_SENSOR_DIRECT_CONNECTION,
     SET_OPERATION_PARAMETER,
+    GET_RUNTIME_SENSOR_LIST,
 };
 
 class BpSensorServer : public BpInterface<ISensorServer>
@@ -90,6 +91,25 @@
         return v;
     }
 
+    virtual Vector<Sensor> getRuntimeSensorList(const String16& opPackageName, int deviceId)
+    {
+        Parcel data, reply;
+        data.writeInterfaceToken(ISensorServer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+        data.writeString16(opPackageName);
+        data.writeInt32(deviceId);
+        remote()->transact(GET_RUNTIME_SENSOR_LIST, data, &reply);
+        Sensor s;
+        Vector<Sensor> v;
+        uint32_t n = reply.readUint32();
+        v.setCapacity(n);
+        while (n) {
+            n--;
+            reply.read(s);
+            v.add(s);
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
     virtual sp<ISensorEventConnection> createSensorEventConnection(const String8& packageName,
              int mode, const String16& opPackageName, const String16& attributionTag)
     {
@@ -194,6 +214,18 @@
             }
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
+        case GET_RUNTIME_SENSOR_LIST: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISensorServer, data, reply);
+            const String16& opPackageName = data.readString16();
+            const int deviceId = data.readInt32();
+            Vector<Sensor> v(getRuntimeSensorList(opPackageName, deviceId));
+            size_t n = v.size();
+            reply->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(n));
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                reply->write(v[i]);
+            }
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        }
         case CREATE_SENSOR_DIRECT_CONNECTION: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISensorServer, data, reply);
             const String16& opPackageName = data.readString16();
diff --git a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
index 0ba9704..2748276 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
@@ -201,6 +201,19 @@
     return static_cast<ssize_t>(count);
 }
 
+ssize_t SensorManager::getRuntimeSensorList(int deviceId, Vector<Sensor>& runtimeSensors) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    status_t err = assertStateLocked();
+    if (err < 0) {
+        return static_cast<ssize_t>(err);
+    }
+
+    runtimeSensors = mSensorServer->getRuntimeSensorList(mOpPackageName, deviceId);
+    size_t count = runtimeSensors.size();
+
+    return static_cast<ssize_t>(count);
+}
+
 ssize_t SensorManager::getDynamicSensorList(Sensor const* const** list) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
     status_t err = assertStateLocked();
diff --git a/libs/sensor/include/sensor/ISensorServer.h b/libs/sensor/include/sensor/ISensorServer.h
index ce5c672..3295196 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/include/sensor/ISensorServer.h
+++ b/libs/sensor/include/sensor/ISensorServer.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 
     virtual Vector<Sensor> getSensorList(const String16& opPackageName) = 0;
     virtual Vector<Sensor> getDynamicSensorList(const String16& opPackageName) = 0;
+    virtual Vector<Sensor> getRuntimeSensorList(const String16& opPackageName, int deviceId) = 0;
 
     virtual sp<ISensorEventConnection> createSensorEventConnection(const String8& packageName,
              int mode, const String16& opPackageName, const String16& attributionTag) = 0;
diff --git a/libs/sensor/include/sensor/SensorManager.h b/libs/sensor/include/sensor/SensorManager.h
index 8d0a8a4..0798da2 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/include/sensor/SensorManager.h
+++ b/libs/sensor/include/sensor/SensorManager.h
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
     ssize_t getSensorList(Sensor const* const** list);
     ssize_t getDynamicSensorList(Vector<Sensor>& list);
     ssize_t getDynamicSensorList(Sensor const* const** list);
+    ssize_t getRuntimeSensorList(int deviceId, Vector<Sensor>& list);
     Sensor const* getDefaultSensor(int type);
     sp<SensorEventQueue> createEventQueue(
         String8 packageName = String8(""), int mode = 0, String16 attributionTag = String16(""));
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bda798..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-sourceFiles = [
-    "buffer_hub_queue_client.cpp",
-    "buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.cpp",
-]
-
-includeFiles = [
-    "include",
-]
-
-staticLibraries = [
-    "libbufferhub",
-]
-
-sharedLibraries = [
-    "libbinder",
-    "libcutils",
-    "liblog",
-    "libui",
-    "libutils",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-]
-
-headerLibraries = [
-    "libdvr_headers",
-    "libnativebase_headers",
-]
-
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libbufferhubqueue",
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"libbufferhubqueue\"",
-        "-DTRACE=0",
-        "-DATRACE_TAG=ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-format",
-        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
-        "-Wno-unused-variable",
-    ],
-    srcs: sourceFiles,
-    export_include_dirs: includeFiles,
-    export_static_lib_headers: staticLibraries,
-    static_libs: staticLibraries,
-    shared_libs: sharedLibraries,
-    header_libs: headerLibraries,
-}
-
-subdirs = ["benchmarks", "tests"]
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/buffer_hub_queue_client.cpp b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/buffer_hub_queue_client.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d3fa4a..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/buffer_hub_queue_client.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,823 +0,0 @@
-#include "include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h"
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-
-#include <array>
-
-#include <pdx/default_transport/client_channel.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/client_channel_factory.h>
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/trace.h>
-
-#define RETRY_EINTR(fnc_call)                 \
-  ([&]() -> decltype(fnc_call) {              \
-    decltype(fnc_call) result;                \
-    do {                                      \
-      result = (fnc_call);                    \
-    } while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
-    return result;                            \
-  })()
-
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-namespace {
-
-std::pair<int32_t, int32_t> Unstuff(uint64_t value) {
-  return {static_cast<int32_t>(value >> 32),
-          static_cast<int32_t>(value & ((1ull << 32) - 1))};
-}
-
-uint64_t Stuff(int32_t a, int32_t b) {
-  const uint32_t ua = static_cast<uint32_t>(a);
-  const uint32_t ub = static_cast<uint32_t>(b);
-  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(ua) << 32) | static_cast<uint64_t>(ub);
-}
-
-}  // anonymous namespace
-
-BufferHubQueue::BufferHubQueue(LocalChannelHandle channel_handle)
-    : Client{pdx::default_transport::ClientChannel::Create(
-          std::move(channel_handle))} {
-  Initialize();
-}
-
-BufferHubQueue::BufferHubQueue(const std::string& endpoint_path)
-    : Client{
-          pdx::default_transport::ClientChannelFactory::Create(endpoint_path)} {
-  Initialize();
-}
-
-void BufferHubQueue::Initialize() {
-  int ret = epoll_fd_.Create();
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGE("BufferHubQueue::BufferHubQueue: Failed to create epoll fd: %s",
-          strerror(-ret));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  epoll_event event = {
-      .events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET,
-      .data = {.u64 = Stuff(-1, BufferHubQueue::kEpollQueueEventIndex)}};
-  ret = epoll_fd_.Control(EPOLL_CTL_ADD, event_fd(), &event);
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Failed to add event fd to epoll set: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-          strerror(-ret));
-  }
-}
-
-Status<void> BufferHubQueue::ImportQueue() {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<BufferHubRPC::GetQueueInfo>();
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Failed to import queue: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ErrorStatus(status.error());
-  } else {
-    SetupQueue(status.get());
-    return {};
-  }
-}
-
-void BufferHubQueue::SetupQueue(const QueueInfo& queue_info) {
-  is_async_ = queue_info.producer_config.is_async;
-  default_width_ = queue_info.producer_config.default_width;
-  default_height_ = queue_info.producer_config.default_height;
-  default_format_ = queue_info.producer_config.default_format;
-  user_metadata_size_ = queue_info.producer_config.user_metadata_size;
-  id_ = queue_info.id;
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> BufferHubQueue::CreateConsumerQueue() {
-  if (auto status = CreateConsumerQueueHandle(/*silent*/ false))
-    return std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue>(new ConsumerQueue(status.take()));
-  else
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> BufferHubQueue::CreateSilentConsumerQueue() {
-  if (auto status = CreateConsumerQueueHandle(/*silent*/ true))
-    return std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue>(new ConsumerQueue(status.take()));
-  else
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-Status<LocalChannelHandle> BufferHubQueue::CreateConsumerQueueHandle(
-    bool silent) {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<BufferHubRPC::CreateConsumerQueue>(silent);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "BufferHubQueue::CreateConsumerQueue: Failed to create consumer queue: "
-        "%s",
-        status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ErrorStatus(status.error());
-  }
-
-  return status;
-}
-
-pdx::Status<ConsumerQueueParcelable>
-BufferHubQueue::CreateConsumerQueueParcelable(bool silent) {
-  auto status = CreateConsumerQueueHandle(silent);
-  if (!status)
-    return status.error_status();
-
-  // A temporary consumer queue client to pull its channel parcelable.
-  auto consumer_queue =
-      std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue>(new ConsumerQueue(status.take()));
-  ConsumerQueueParcelable queue_parcelable(
-      consumer_queue->GetChannel()->TakeChannelParcelable());
-
-  if (!queue_parcelable.IsValid()) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Failed to create consumer queue parcelable.", __FUNCTION__);
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  return {std::move(queue_parcelable)};
-}
-
-bool BufferHubQueue::WaitForBuffers(int timeout) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("BufferHubQueue::WaitForBuffers");
-  std::array<epoll_event, kMaxEvents> events;
-
-  // Loop at least once to check for hangups.
-  do {
-    ALOGD_IF(
-        TRACE,
-        "BufferHubQueue::WaitForBuffers: queue_id=%d count=%zu capacity=%zu",
-        id(), count(), capacity());
-
-    // If there is already a buffer then just check for hangup without waiting.
-    const int ret = epoll_fd_.Wait(events.data(), events.size(),
-                                   count() == 0 ? timeout : 0);
-
-    if (ret == 0) {
-      ALOGI_IF(TRACE,
-               "BufferHubQueue::WaitForBuffers: No events before timeout: "
-               "queue_id=%d",
-               id());
-      return count() != 0;
-    }
-
-    if (ret < 0 && ret != -EINTR) {
-      ALOGE("%s: Failed to wait for buffers: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(-ret));
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    const int num_events = ret;
-
-    // A BufferQueue's epoll fd tracks N+1 events, where there are N events,
-    // one for each buffer in the queue, and one extra event for the queue
-    // client itself.
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_events; i++) {
-      int32_t event_fd;
-      int32_t index;
-      std::tie(event_fd, index) = Unstuff(events[i].data.u64);
-
-      PDX_TRACE_FORMAT(
-          "epoll_event|queue_id=%d;num_events=%d;event_index=%d;event_fd=%d;"
-          "slot=%d|",
-          id(), num_events, i, event_fd, index);
-
-      ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-               "BufferHubQueue::WaitForBuffers: event %d: event_fd=%d index=%d",
-               i, event_fd, index);
-
-      if (is_buffer_event_index(index)) {
-        HandleBufferEvent(static_cast<size_t>(index), event_fd,
-                          events[i].events);
-      } else if (is_queue_event_index(index)) {
-        HandleQueueEvent(events[i].events);
-      } else {
-        ALOGW(
-            "BufferHubQueue::WaitForBuffers: Unknown event type event_fd=%d "
-            "index=%d",
-            event_fd, index);
-      }
-    }
-  } while (count() == 0 && capacity() > 0 && !hung_up());
-
-  return count() != 0;
-}
-
-Status<void> BufferHubQueue::HandleBufferEvent(size_t slot, int event_fd,
-                                               int poll_events) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("BufferHubQueue::HandleBufferEvent");
-  if (!buffers_[slot]) {
-    ALOGW("BufferHubQueue::HandleBufferEvent: Invalid buffer slot: %zu", slot);
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOENT);
-  }
-
-  auto status = buffers_[slot]->GetEventMask(poll_events);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGW("BufferHubQueue::HandleBufferEvent: Failed to get event mask: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  const int events = status.get();
-  PDX_TRACE_FORMAT(
-      "buffer|queue_id=%d;buffer_id=%d;slot=%zu;event_fd=%d;poll_events=%x;"
-      "events=%d|",
-      id(), buffers_[slot]->id(), slot, event_fd, poll_events, events);
-
-  if (events & EPOLLIN) {
-    return Enqueue({buffers_[slot], slot, buffers_[slot]->GetQueueIndex()});
-  } else if (events & EPOLLHUP) {
-    ALOGW(
-        "BufferHubQueue::HandleBufferEvent: Received EPOLLHUP event: slot=%zu "
-        "event_fd=%d buffer_id=%d",
-        slot, buffers_[slot]->event_fd(), buffers_[slot]->id());
-    return RemoveBuffer(slot);
-  } else {
-    ALOGW(
-        "BufferHubQueue::HandleBufferEvent: Unknown event, slot=%zu, epoll "
-        "events=%d",
-        slot, events);
-  }
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-Status<void> BufferHubQueue::HandleQueueEvent(int poll_event) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("BufferHubQueue::HandleQueueEvent");
-  auto status = GetEventMask(poll_event);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGW("BufferHubQueue::HandleQueueEvent: Failed to get event mask: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  const int events = status.get();
-  if (events & EPOLLIN) {
-    // Note that after buffer imports, if |count()| still returns 0, epoll
-    // wait will be tried again to acquire the newly imported buffer.
-    auto buffer_status = OnBufferAllocated();
-    if (!buffer_status) {
-      ALOGE("%s: Failed to import buffer: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-            buffer_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    }
-  } else if (events & EPOLLHUP) {
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: hang up event!", __FUNCTION__);
-    hung_up_ = true;
-  } else {
-    ALOGW("%s: Unknown epoll events=%x", __FUNCTION__, events);
-  }
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-Status<void> BufferHubQueue::AddBuffer(
-    const std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>& buffer, size_t slot) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: buffer_id=%d slot=%zu", __FUNCTION__, buffer->id(),
-           slot);
-
-  if (is_full()) {
-    ALOGE("%s: queue is at maximum capacity: %zu", __FUNCTION__, capacity_);
-    return ErrorStatus(E2BIG);
-  }
-
-  if (buffers_[slot]) {
-    // Replace the buffer if the slot is occupied. This could happen when the
-    // producer side replaced the slot with a newly allocated buffer. Remove the
-    // buffer before setting up with the new one.
-    auto remove_status = RemoveBuffer(slot);
-    if (!remove_status)
-      return remove_status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  for (const auto& event_source : buffer->GetEventSources()) {
-    epoll_event event = {.events = event_source.event_mask | EPOLLET,
-                         .data = {.u64 = Stuff(buffer->event_fd(), slot)}};
-    const int ret =
-        epoll_fd_.Control(EPOLL_CTL_ADD, event_source.event_fd, &event);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      ALOGE("%s: Failed to add buffer to epoll set: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-            strerror(-ret));
-      return ErrorStatus(-ret);
-    }
-  }
-
-  buffers_[slot] = buffer;
-  capacity_++;
-  return {};
-}
-
-Status<void> BufferHubQueue::RemoveBuffer(size_t slot) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: slot=%zu", __FUNCTION__, slot);
-
-  if (buffers_[slot]) {
-    for (const auto& event_source : buffers_[slot]->GetEventSources()) {
-      const int ret =
-          epoll_fd_.Control(EPOLL_CTL_DEL, event_source.event_fd, nullptr);
-      if (ret < 0) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Failed to remove buffer from epoll set: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-              strerror(-ret));
-        return ErrorStatus(-ret);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Trigger OnBufferRemoved callback if registered.
-    if (on_buffer_removed_)
-      on_buffer_removed_(buffers_[slot]);
-
-    buffers_[slot] = nullptr;
-    capacity_--;
-  }
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-Status<void> BufferHubQueue::Enqueue(Entry entry) {
-  if (!is_full()) {
-    // Find and remove the enqueued buffer from unavailable_buffers_slot if
-    // exist.
-    auto enqueued_buffer_iter = std::find_if(
-        unavailable_buffers_slot_.begin(), unavailable_buffers_slot_.end(),
-        [&entry](size_t slot) -> bool { return slot == entry.slot; });
-    if (enqueued_buffer_iter != unavailable_buffers_slot_.end()) {
-      unavailable_buffers_slot_.erase(enqueued_buffer_iter);
-    }
-
-    available_buffers_.push(std::move(entry));
-
-    // Trigger OnBufferAvailable callback if registered.
-    if (on_buffer_available_)
-      on_buffer_available_();
-
-    return {};
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("%s: Buffer queue is full!", __FUNCTION__);
-    return ErrorStatus(E2BIG);
-  }
-}
-
-Status<std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>> BufferHubQueue::Dequeue(int timeout,
-                                                               size_t* slot) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: count=%zu, timeout=%d", __FUNCTION__, count(), timeout);
-
-  PDX_TRACE_FORMAT("%s|count=%zu|", __FUNCTION__, count());
-
-  if (count() == 0) {
-    if (!WaitForBuffers(timeout))
-      return ErrorStatus(ETIMEDOUT);
-  }
-
-  auto& entry = available_buffers_.top();
-  PDX_TRACE_FORMAT("buffer|buffer_id=%d;slot=%zu|", entry.buffer->id(),
-                   entry.slot);
-
-  std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase> buffer = std::move(entry.buffer);
-  *slot = entry.slot;
-
-  available_buffers_.pop();
-  unavailable_buffers_slot_.push_back(*slot);
-
-  return {std::move(buffer)};
-}
-
-void BufferHubQueue::SetBufferAvailableCallback(
-    BufferAvailableCallback callback) {
-  on_buffer_available_ = callback;
-}
-
-void BufferHubQueue::SetBufferRemovedCallback(BufferRemovedCallback callback) {
-  on_buffer_removed_ = callback;
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> BufferHubQueue::FreeAllBuffers() {
-  // Clear all available buffers.
-  while (!available_buffers_.empty())
-    available_buffers_.pop();
-
-  pdx::Status<void> last_error;  // No error.
-  // Clear all buffers this producer queue is tracking.
-  for (size_t slot = 0; slot < BufferHubQueue::kMaxQueueCapacity; slot++) {
-    if (buffers_[slot] != nullptr) {
-      auto status = RemoveBuffer(slot);
-      if (!status) {
-        ALOGE(
-            "ProducerQueue::FreeAllBuffers: Failed to remove buffer at "
-            "slot=%zu.",
-            slot);
-        last_error = status.error_status();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return last_error;
-}
-
-ProducerQueue::ProducerQueue(LocalChannelHandle handle)
-    : BASE(std::move(handle)) {
-  auto status = ImportQueue();
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("ProducerQueue::ProducerQueue: Failed to import queue: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    Close(-status.error());
-  }
-}
-
-ProducerQueue::ProducerQueue(const ProducerQueueConfig& config,
-                             const UsagePolicy& usage)
-    : BASE(BufferHubRPC::kClientPath) {
-  auto status =
-      InvokeRemoteMethod<BufferHubRPC::CreateProducerQueue>(config, usage);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("ProducerQueue::ProducerQueue: Failed to create producer queue: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    Close(-status.error());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  SetupQueue(status.get());
-}
-
-Status<std::vector<size_t>> ProducerQueue::AllocateBuffers(
-    uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layer_count, uint32_t format,
-    uint64_t usage, size_t buffer_count) {
-  if (buffer_count == 0) {
-    return {std::vector<size_t>()};
-  }
-
-  if (capacity() + buffer_count > kMaxQueueCapacity) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "ProducerQueue::AllocateBuffers: queue is at capacity: %zu, cannot "
-        "allocate %zu more buffer(s).",
-        capacity(), buffer_count);
-    return ErrorStatus(E2BIG);
-  }
-
-  Status<std::vector<std::pair<LocalChannelHandle, size_t>>> status =
-      InvokeRemoteMethod<BufferHubRPC::ProducerQueueAllocateBuffers>(
-          width, height, layer_count, format, usage, buffer_count);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("ProducerQueue::AllocateBuffers: failed to allocate buffers: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  auto buffer_handle_slots = status.take();
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(buffer_handle_slots.size() != buffer_count,
-                      "BufferHubRPC::ProducerQueueAllocateBuffers should "
-                      "return %zu buffer handle(s), but returned %zu instead.",
-                      buffer_count, buffer_handle_slots.size());
-
-  std::vector<size_t> buffer_slots;
-  buffer_slots.reserve(buffer_count);
-
-  // Bookkeeping for each buffer.
-  for (auto& hs : buffer_handle_slots) {
-    auto& buffer_handle = hs.first;
-    size_t buffer_slot = hs.second;
-
-    // Note that import might (though very unlikely) fail. If so, buffer_handle
-    // will be closed and included in returned buffer_slots.
-    if (AddBuffer(ProducerBuffer::Import(std::move(buffer_handle)),
-                  buffer_slot)) {
-      ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "ProducerQueue::AllocateBuffers: new buffer at slot: %zu",
-               buffer_slot);
-      buffer_slots.push_back(buffer_slot);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (buffer_slots.size() != buffer_count) {
-    // Error out if the count of imported buffer(s) is not correct.
-    ALOGE(
-        "ProducerQueue::AllocateBuffers: requested to import %zu "
-        "buffers, but actually imported %zu buffers.",
-        buffer_count, buffer_slots.size());
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOMEM);
-  }
-
-  return {std::move(buffer_slots)};
-}
-
-Status<size_t> ProducerQueue::AllocateBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                                             uint32_t layer_count,
-                                             uint32_t format, uint64_t usage) {
-  // We only allocate one buffer at a time.
-  constexpr size_t buffer_count = 1;
-  auto status =
-      AllocateBuffers(width, height, layer_count, format, usage, buffer_count);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("ProducerQueue::AllocateBuffer: Failed to allocate buffer: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  return {status.get()[0]};
-}
-
-Status<void> ProducerQueue::AddBuffer(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>& buffer, size_t slot) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "ProducerQueue::AddBuffer: queue_id=%d buffer_id=%d slot=%zu",
-           id(), buffer->id(), slot);
-  // For producer buffer, we need to enqueue the newly added buffer
-  // immediately. Producer queue starts with all buffers in available state.
-  auto status = BufferHubQueue::AddBuffer(buffer, slot);
-  if (!status)
-    return status;
-
-  return BufferHubQueue::Enqueue({buffer, slot, 0ULL});
-}
-
-Status<size_t> ProducerQueue::InsertBuffer(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>& buffer) {
-  if (buffer == nullptr ||
-      !BufferHubDefs::isClientGained(buffer->buffer_state(),
-                                     buffer->client_state_mask())) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "ProducerQueue::InsertBuffer: Can only insert a buffer when it's in "
-        "gained state.");
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  auto status_or_slot =
-      InvokeRemoteMethod<BufferHubRPC::ProducerQueueInsertBuffer>(
-          buffer->cid());
-  if (!status_or_slot) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "ProducerQueue::InsertBuffer: Failed to insert producer buffer: "
-        "buffer_cid=%d, error: %s.",
-        buffer->cid(), status_or_slot.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status_or_slot.error_status();
-  }
-
-  size_t slot = status_or_slot.get();
-
-  // Note that we are calling AddBuffer() from the base class to explicitly
-  // avoid Enqueue() the ProducerBuffer.
-  auto status = BufferHubQueue::AddBuffer(buffer, slot);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("ProducerQueue::InsertBuffer: Failed to add buffer: %s.",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-  return {slot};
-}
-
-Status<void> ProducerQueue::RemoveBuffer(size_t slot) {
-  auto status =
-      InvokeRemoteMethod<BufferHubRPC::ProducerQueueRemoveBuffer>(slot);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Failed to remove producer buffer: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  return BufferHubQueue::RemoveBuffer(slot);
-}
-
-Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> ProducerQueue::Dequeue(
-    int timeout, size_t* slot, LocalHandle* release_fence) {
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata canonical_meta;
-  return Dequeue(timeout, slot, &canonical_meta, release_fence);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> ProducerQueue::Dequeue(
-    int timeout, size_t* slot, DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
-    pdx::LocalHandle* release_fence, bool gain_posted_buffer) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("ProducerQueue::Dequeue");
-  if (slot == nullptr || out_meta == nullptr || release_fence == nullptr) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Invalid parameter.", __FUNCTION__);
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> buffer;
-  Status<std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>> dequeue_status =
-      BufferHubQueue::Dequeue(timeout, slot);
-  if (dequeue_status.ok()) {
-    buffer = std::static_pointer_cast<ProducerBuffer>(dequeue_status.take());
-  } else {
-    if (gain_posted_buffer) {
-      Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> dequeue_unacquired_status =
-          ProducerQueue::DequeueUnacquiredBuffer(slot);
-      if (!dequeue_unacquired_status.ok()) {
-        ALOGE("%s: DequeueUnacquiredBuffer returned error: %d", __FUNCTION__,
-              dequeue_unacquired_status.error());
-        return dequeue_unacquired_status.error_status();
-      }
-      buffer = dequeue_unacquired_status.take();
-    } else {
-      return dequeue_status.error_status();
-    }
-  }
-  const int ret =
-      buffer->GainAsync(out_meta, release_fence, gain_posted_buffer);
-  if (ret < 0 && ret != -EALREADY)
-    return ErrorStatus(-ret);
-
-  return {std::move(buffer)};
-}
-
-Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> ProducerQueue::DequeueUnacquiredBuffer(
-    size_t* slot) {
-  if (unavailable_buffers_slot_.size() < 1) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "%s: Failed to dequeue un-acquired buffer. All buffer(s) are in "
-        "acquired state if exist.",
-        __FUNCTION__);
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOMEM);
-  }
-
-  // Find the first buffer that is not in acquired state from
-  // unavailable_buffers_slot_.
-  for (auto iter = unavailable_buffers_slot_.begin();
-       iter != unavailable_buffers_slot_.end(); iter++) {
-    std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> buffer = ProducerQueue::GetBuffer(*iter);
-    if (buffer == nullptr) {
-      ALOGE("%s failed. Buffer slot %d is  null.", __FUNCTION__,
-            static_cast<int>(*slot));
-      return ErrorStatus(EIO);
-    }
-    if (!BufferHubDefs::isAnyClientAcquired(buffer->buffer_state())) {
-      *slot = *iter;
-      unavailable_buffers_slot_.erase(iter);
-      unavailable_buffers_slot_.push_back(*slot);
-      ALOGD("%s: Producer queue dequeue unacquired buffer in slot %d",
-            __FUNCTION__, static_cast<int>(*slot));
-      return {std::move(buffer)};
-    }
-  }
-  ALOGE(
-      "%s: Failed to dequeue un-acquired buffer. No un-acquired buffer exist.",
-      __FUNCTION__);
-  return ErrorStatus(EBUSY);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<ProducerQueueParcelable> ProducerQueue::TakeAsParcelable() {
-  if (capacity() != 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "%s: producer queue can only be taken out as a parcelable when empty. "
-        "Current queue capacity: %zu",
-        __FUNCTION__, capacity());
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<pdx::ClientChannel> channel = TakeChannel();
-  ProducerQueueParcelable queue_parcelable(channel->TakeChannelParcelable());
-
-  // Here the queue parcelable is returned and holds the underlying system
-  // resources backing the queue; while the original client channel of this
-  // producer queue is destroyed in place so that this client can no longer
-  // provide producer operations.
-  return {std::move(queue_parcelable)};
-}
-
-/*static */
-std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> ConsumerQueue::Import(
-    LocalChannelHandle handle) {
-  return std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue>(new ConsumerQueue(std::move(handle)));
-}
-
-ConsumerQueue::ConsumerQueue(LocalChannelHandle handle)
-    : BufferHubQueue(std::move(handle)) {
-  auto status = ImportQueue();
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Failed to import queue: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    Close(-status.error());
-  }
-
-  auto import_status = ImportBuffers();
-  if (import_status) {
-    ALOGI("%s: Imported %zu buffers.", __FUNCTION__, import_status.get());
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("%s: Failed to import buffers: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-          import_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-  }
-}
-
-Status<size_t> ConsumerQueue::ImportBuffers() {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<BufferHubRPC::ConsumerQueueImportBuffers>();
-  if (!status) {
-    if (status.error() == EBADR) {
-      ALOGI("%s: Queue is silent, no buffers imported.", __FUNCTION__);
-      return {0};
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("%s: Failed to import consumer buffer: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-            status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-      return status.error_status();
-    }
-  }
-
-  int ret;
-  Status<void> last_error;
-  size_t imported_buffers_count = 0;
-
-  auto buffer_handle_slots = status.take();
-  for (auto& buffer_handle_slot : buffer_handle_slots) {
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE, ": buffer_handle=%d", __FUNCTION__,
-             buffer_handle_slot.first.value());
-
-    std::unique_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> consumer_buffer =
-        ConsumerBuffer::Import(std::move(buffer_handle_slot.first));
-    if (!consumer_buffer) {
-      ALOGE("%s: Failed to import buffer: slot=%zu", __FUNCTION__,
-            buffer_handle_slot.second);
-      last_error = ErrorStatus(EPIPE);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    auto add_status =
-        AddBuffer(std::move(consumer_buffer), buffer_handle_slot.second);
-    if (!add_status) {
-      ALOGE("%s: Failed to add buffer: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-            add_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-      last_error = add_status;
-    } else {
-      imported_buffers_count++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (imported_buffers_count > 0)
-    return {imported_buffers_count};
-  else
-    return last_error.error_status();
-}
-
-Status<void> ConsumerQueue::AddBuffer(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer, size_t slot) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: queue_id=%d buffer_id=%d slot=%zu", __FUNCTION__, id(),
-           buffer->id(), slot);
-  return BufferHubQueue::AddBuffer(buffer, slot);
-}
-
-Status<std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>> ConsumerQueue::Dequeue(
-    int timeout, size_t* slot, void* meta, size_t user_metadata_size,
-    LocalHandle* acquire_fence) {
-  if (user_metadata_size != user_metadata_size_) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "%s: Metadata size (%zu) for the dequeuing buffer does not match "
-        "metadata size (%zu) for the queue.",
-        __FUNCTION__, user_metadata_size, user_metadata_size_);
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata canonical_meta;
-  auto status = Dequeue(timeout, slot, &canonical_meta, acquire_fence);
-  if (!status)
-    return status.error_status();
-
-  if (meta && user_metadata_size) {
-    void* metadata_src =
-        reinterpret_cast<void*>(canonical_meta.user_metadata_ptr);
-    if (metadata_src) {
-      memcpy(meta, metadata_src, user_metadata_size);
-    } else {
-      ALOGW("%s: no user-defined metadata.", __FUNCTION__);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return status;
-}
-
-Status<std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>> ConsumerQueue::Dequeue(
-    int timeout, size_t* slot, DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
-    pdx::LocalHandle* acquire_fence) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("ConsumerQueue::Dequeue");
-  if (slot == nullptr || out_meta == nullptr || acquire_fence == nullptr) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Invalid parameter.", __FUNCTION__);
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  auto status = BufferHubQueue::Dequeue(timeout, slot);
-  if (!status)
-    return status.error_status();
-
-  auto buffer = std::static_pointer_cast<ConsumerBuffer>(status.take());
-  const int ret = buffer->AcquireAsync(out_meta, acquire_fence);
-  if (ret < 0)
-    return ErrorStatus(-ret);
-
-  return {std::move(buffer)};
-}
-
-Status<void> ConsumerQueue::OnBufferAllocated() {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: queue_id=%d", __FUNCTION__, id());
-
-  auto status = ImportBuffers();
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("%s: Failed to import buffers: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ErrorStatus(status.error());
-  } else if (status.get() == 0) {
-    ALOGW("%s: No new buffers allocated!", __FUNCTION__);
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOBUFS);
-  } else {
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "%s: Imported %zu consumer buffers.", __FUNCTION__,
-             status.get());
-    return {};
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.cpp b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f705749..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-#include "include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.h"
-
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/channel_parcelable.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-template <BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic Magic>
-bool BufferHubQueueParcelable<Magic>::IsValid() const {
-  return !!channel_parcelable_ && channel_parcelable_->IsValid();
-}
-
-template <BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic Magic>
-pdx::LocalChannelHandle BufferHubQueueParcelable<Magic>::TakeChannelHandle() {
-  if (!IsValid()) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "BufferHubQueueParcelable::TakeChannelHandle: Invalid channel parcel.");
-    return {};  // Returns an empty channel handle.
-  }
-
-  // Take channel handle out of the parcelable and reset the parcelable.
-  pdx::LocalChannelHandle handle = channel_parcelable_->TakeChannelHandle();
-  // Now channel_parcelable_ should already be invalid, but reset it to release
-  // the invalid parcelable object from unique_ptr.
-  channel_parcelable_ = nullptr;
-  return handle;
-}
-
-template <BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic Magic>
-status_t BufferHubQueueParcelable<Magic>::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
-  if (!IsValid()) {
-    ALOGE("BufferHubQueueParcelable::writeToParcel: Invalid channel.");
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  status_t res = parcel->writeUint32(Magic);
-  if (res != OK) {
-    ALOGE("BufferHubQueueParcelable::writeToParcel: Cannot write magic.");
-    return res;
-  }
-
-  return channel_parcelable_->writeToParcel(parcel);
-}
-
-template <BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic Magic>
-status_t BufferHubQueueParcelable<Magic>::readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) {
-  if (IsValid()) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "BufferHubQueueParcelable::readFromParcel: This parcelable object has "
-        "been initialized already.");
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  uint32_t out_magic = 0;
-  status_t res = OK;
-
-  res = parcel->readUint32(&out_magic);
-  if (res != OK)
-    return res;
-
-  if (out_magic != Magic) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "BufferHubQueueParcelable::readFromParcel: Unexpected magic: 0x%x, "
-        "epxected: 0x%x",
-        out_magic, Magic);
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  // (Re)Alocate channel parcelable object.
-  channel_parcelable_ =
-      std::make_unique<pdx::default_transport::ChannelParcelable>();
-  return channel_parcelable_->readFromParcel(parcel);
-}
-
-template class BufferHubQueueParcelable<
-    BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic::Producer>;
-template class BufferHubQueueParcelable<
-    BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic::Consumer>;
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 74b4b3d..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,476 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_BUFFER_HUB_QUEUE_CLIENT_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_BUFFER_HUB_QUEUE_CLIENT_H_
-
-#include <ui/BufferQueueDefs.h>
-
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Weverything"
-#endif
-
-// The following headers are included without checking every warning.
-// TODO(b/72172820): Remove the workaround once we have enforced -Weverything
-// in these headers and their dependencies.
-#include <pdx/client.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.h>
-#include <private/dvr/bufferhub_rpc.h>
-#include <private/dvr/consumer_buffer.h>
-#include <private/dvr/epoll_file_descriptor.h>
-#include <private/dvr/producer_buffer.h>
-
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
-#endif
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <queue>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class ConsumerQueue;
-
-// |BufferHubQueue| manages a queue of |BufferHubBase|s. Buffers are
-// automatically re-requeued when released by the remote side.
-class BufferHubQueue : public pdx::Client {
- public:
-  using BufferAvailableCallback = std::function<void()>;
-  using BufferRemovedCallback =
-      std::function<void(const std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>&)>;
-
-  virtual ~BufferHubQueue() {}
-
-  // Creates a new consumer queue that is attached to the producer. Returns
-  // a new consumer queue client or nullptr on failure.
-  std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> CreateConsumerQueue();
-
-  // Creates a new consumer queue that is attached to the producer. This queue
-  // sets each of its imported consumer buffers to the ignored state to avoid
-  // participation in lifecycle events.
-  std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> CreateSilentConsumerQueue();
-
-  // Returns whether the buffer queue is in async mode.
-  bool is_async() const { return is_async_; }
-
-  // Returns the default buffer width of this buffer queue.
-  uint32_t default_width() const { return default_width_; }
-
-  // Returns the default buffer height of this buffer queue.
-  uint32_t default_height() const { return default_height_; }
-
-  // Returns the default buffer format of this buffer queue.
-  uint32_t default_format() const { return default_format_; }
-
-  // Creates a new consumer in handle form for immediate transport over RPC.
-  pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> CreateConsumerQueueHandle(
-      bool silent = false);
-
-  // Creates a new consumer in parcelable form for immediate transport over
-  // Binder.
-  pdx::Status<ConsumerQueueParcelable> CreateConsumerQueueParcelable(
-      bool silent = false);
-
-  // Returns the number of buffers avaiable for dequeue.
-  size_t count() const { return available_buffers_.size(); }
-
-  // Returns the total number of buffers that the queue is tracking.
-  size_t capacity() const { return capacity_; }
-
-  // Returns the size of metadata structure associated with this queue.
-  size_t metadata_size() const { return user_metadata_size_; }
-
-  // Returns whether the buffer queue is full.
-  bool is_full() const {
-    return available_buffers_.size() >= kMaxQueueCapacity;
-  }
-
-  // Returns whether the buffer queue is connected to bufferhubd.
-  bool is_connected() const { return !!GetChannel(); }
-
-  int GetBufferId(size_t slot) const {
-    return (slot < buffers_.size() && buffers_[slot]) ? buffers_[slot]->id()
-                                                      : -1;
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase> GetBuffer(size_t slot) const {
-    return buffers_[slot];
-  }
-
-  pdx::Status<int> GetEventMask(int events) {
-    if (auto* client_channel = GetChannel()) {
-      return client_channel->GetEventMask(events);
-    } else {
-      return pdx::ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Returns an fd that signals pending queue events using
-  // EPOLLIN/POLLIN/readible. Either HandleQueueEvents or WaitForBuffers may be
-  // called to handle pending queue events.
-  int queue_fd() const { return epoll_fd_.Get(); }
-
-  // Handles any pending events, returning available buffers to the queue and
-  // reaping disconnected buffers. Returns true if successful, false if an error
-  // occurred.
-  bool HandleQueueEvents() { return WaitForBuffers(0); }
-
-  // Set buffer event callbacks, which are std::function wrappers. The caller is
-  // responsible for ensuring the validity of these callbacks' callable targets.
-  void SetBufferAvailableCallback(BufferAvailableCallback callback);
-  void SetBufferRemovedCallback(BufferRemovedCallback callback);
-
-  // The queue tracks at most this many buffers.
-  static constexpr size_t kMaxQueueCapacity =
-      android::BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
-
-  static constexpr int kNoTimeOut = -1;
-
-  int id() const { return id_; }
-  bool hung_up() const { return hung_up_; }
-
- protected:
-  explicit BufferHubQueue(pdx::LocalChannelHandle channel);
-  explicit BufferHubQueue(const std::string& endpoint_path);
-
-  // Imports the queue parameters by querying BufferHub for the parameters for
-  // this channel.
-  pdx::Status<void> ImportQueue();
-
-  // Sets up the queue with the given parameters.
-  void SetupQueue(const QueueInfo& queue_info);
-
-  // Register a buffer for management by the queue. Used by subclasses to add a
-  // buffer to internal bookkeeping.
-  pdx::Status<void> AddBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>& buffer,
-                              size_t slot);
-
-  // Called by ProducerQueue::RemoveBuffer and ConsumerQueue::RemoveBuffer only
-  // to deregister a buffer for epoll and internal bookkeeping.
-  virtual pdx::Status<void> RemoveBuffer(size_t slot);
-
-  // Free all buffers that belongs to this queue. Can only be called from
-  // producer side.
-  virtual pdx::Status<void> FreeAllBuffers();
-
-  // Dequeue a buffer from the free queue, blocking until one is available. The
-  // timeout argument specifies the number of milliseconds that |Dequeue()| will
-  // block. Specifying a timeout of -1 causes Dequeue() to block indefinitely,
-  // while specifying a timeout equal to zero cause Dequeue() to return
-  // immediately, even if no buffers are available.
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>> Dequeue(int timeout,
-                                                      size_t* slot);
-
-  // Waits for buffers to become available and adds them to the available queue.
-  bool WaitForBuffers(int timeout);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleBufferEvent(size_t slot, int event_fd,
-                                      int poll_events);
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleQueueEvent(int poll_events);
-
-  // Entry in the priority queue of available buffers that stores related
-  // per-buffer data.
-  struct Entry {
-    Entry() : slot(0) {}
-    Entry(const std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>& in_buffer, size_t in_slot,
-          uint64_t in_index)
-        : buffer(in_buffer), slot(in_slot), index(in_index) {}
-    Entry(const std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>& in_buffer,
-          std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> in_metadata, pdx::LocalHandle in_fence,
-          size_t in_slot)
-        : buffer(in_buffer),
-          metadata(std::move(in_metadata)),
-          fence(std::move(in_fence)),
-          slot(in_slot) {}
-    Entry(Entry&&) = default;
-    Entry& operator=(Entry&&) = default;
-
-    std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase> buffer;
-    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> metadata;
-    pdx::LocalHandle fence;
-    size_t slot;
-    uint64_t index;
-  };
-
-  struct EntryComparator {
-    bool operator()(const Entry& lhs, const Entry& rhs) {
-      return lhs.index > rhs.index;
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Enqueues a buffer to the available list (Gained for producer or Acquireed
-  // for consumer).
-  pdx::Status<void> Enqueue(Entry entry);
-
-  // Called when a buffer is allocated remotely.
-  virtual pdx::Status<void> OnBufferAllocated() { return {}; }
-
-  // Size of the metadata that buffers in this queue cary.
-  size_t user_metadata_size_{0};
-
-  // Buffers and related data that are available for dequeue.
-  std::priority_queue<Entry, std::vector<Entry>, EntryComparator>
-      available_buffers_;
-
-  // Slot of the buffers that are not available for normal dequeue. For example,
-  // the slot of posted or acquired buffers in the perspective of a producer.
-  std::vector<size_t> unavailable_buffers_slot_;
-
- private:
-  void Initialize();
-
-  // Special epoll data field indicating that the epoll event refers to the
-  // queue.
-  static constexpr int64_t kEpollQueueEventIndex = -1;
-
-  static constexpr size_t kMaxEvents = 128;
-
-  // The u64 data field of an epoll event is interpreted as int64_t:
-  // When |index| >= 0 and |index| < kMaxQueueCapacity it refers to a specific
-  // element of |buffers_| as a direct index;
-  static bool is_buffer_event_index(int64_t index) {
-    return index >= 0 &&
-           index < static_cast<int64_t>(BufferHubQueue::kMaxQueueCapacity);
-  }
-
-  // When |index| == kEpollQueueEventIndex it refers to the queue itself.
-  static bool is_queue_event_index(int64_t index) {
-    return index == BufferHubQueue::kEpollQueueEventIndex;
-  }
-
-  // Whether the buffer queue is operating in Async mode.
-  // From GVR's perspective of view, this means a buffer can be acquired
-  // asynchronously by the compositor.
-  // From Android Surface's perspective of view, this is equivalent to
-  // IGraphicBufferProducer's async mode. When in async mode, a producer
-  // will never block even if consumer is running slow.
-  bool is_async_{false};
-
-  // Default buffer width that is set during ProducerQueue's creation.
-  uint32_t default_width_{1};
-
-  // Default buffer height that is set during ProducerQueue's creation.
-  uint32_t default_height_{1};
-
-  // Default buffer format that is set during ProducerQueue's creation.
-  uint32_t default_format_{1};  // PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888
-
-  // Tracks the buffers belonging to this queue. Buffers are stored according to
-  // "slot" in this vector. Each slot is a logical id of the buffer within this
-  // queue regardless of its queue position or presence in the ring buffer.
-  std::array<std::shared_ptr<BufferHubBase>, kMaxQueueCapacity> buffers_;
-
-  // Keeps track with how many buffers have been added into the queue.
-  size_t capacity_{0};
-
-  // Epoll fd used to manage buffer events.
-  EpollFileDescriptor epoll_fd_;
-
-  // Flag indicating that the other side hung up. For ProducerQueues this
-  // triggers when BufferHub dies or explicitly closes the queue channel. For
-  // ConsumerQueues this can either mean the same or that the ProducerQueue on
-  // the other end hung up.
-  bool hung_up_{false};
-
-  // Global id for the queue that is consistent across processes.
-  int id_{-1};
-
-  // Buffer event callbacks
-  BufferAvailableCallback on_buffer_available_;
-  BufferRemovedCallback on_buffer_removed_;
-
-  BufferHubQueue(const BufferHubQueue&) = delete;
-  void operator=(BufferHubQueue&) = delete;
-};
-
-class ProducerQueue : public pdx::ClientBase<ProducerQueue, BufferHubQueue> {
- public:
-  // Usage bits in |usage_set_mask| will be automatically masked on. Usage bits
-  // in |usage_clear_mask| will be automatically masked off. Note that
-  // |usage_set_mask| and |usage_clear_mask| may conflict with each other, but
-  // |usage_set_mask| takes precedence over |usage_clear_mask|. All buffer
-  // allocation through this producer queue shall not have any of the usage bits
-  // in |usage_deny_set_mask| set. Allocation calls violating this will be
-  // rejected. All buffer allocation through this producer queue must have all
-  // the usage bits in |usage_deny_clear_mask| set. Allocation calls violating
-  // this will be rejected. Note that |usage_deny_set_mask| and
-  // |usage_deny_clear_mask| shall not conflict with each other. Such
-  // configuration will be treated as invalid input on creation.
-  static std::unique_ptr<ProducerQueue> Create(
-      const ProducerQueueConfig& config, const UsagePolicy& usage) {
-    return BASE::Create(config, usage);
-  }
-
-  // Import a ProducerQueue from a channel handle.
-  static std::unique_ptr<ProducerQueue> Import(pdx::LocalChannelHandle handle) {
-    return BASE::Create(std::move(handle));
-  }
-
-  // Get a producer buffer. Note that the method doesn't check whether the
-  // buffer slot has a valid buffer that has been allocated already. When no
-  // buffer has been imported before it returns nullptr; otherwise it returns
-  // a shared pointer to a ProducerBuffer.
-  std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> GetBuffer(size_t slot) const {
-    return std::static_pointer_cast<ProducerBuffer>(
-        BufferHubQueue::GetBuffer(slot));
-  }
-
-  // Batch allocate buffers. Once allocated, producer buffers are automatically
-  // enqueue'd into the ProducerQueue and available to use (i.e. in GAINED
-  // state). Upon success, returns a list of slots for each buffer allocated.
-  pdx::Status<std::vector<size_t>> AllocateBuffers(
-      uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layer_count, uint32_t format,
-      uint64_t usage, size_t buffer_count);
-
-  // Allocate producer buffer to populate the queue. Once allocated, a producer
-  // buffer is automatically enqueue'd into the ProducerQueue and available to
-  // use (i.e. in GAINED state). Upon success, returns the slot number for the
-  // buffer allocated.
-  pdx::Status<size_t> AllocateBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                                     uint32_t layer_count, uint32_t format,
-                                     uint64_t usage);
-
-  // Add a producer buffer to populate the queue. Once added, a producer buffer
-  // is available to use (i.e. in GAINED state).
-  pdx::Status<void> AddBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>& buffer,
-                              size_t slot);
-
-  // Inserts a ProducerBuffer into the queue. On success, the method returns the
-  // |slot| number where the new buffer gets inserted. Note that the buffer
-  // being inserted should be in Gain'ed state prior to the call and it's
-  // considered as already Dequeued when the function returns.
-  pdx::Status<size_t> InsertBuffer(
-      const std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>& buffer);
-
-  // Remove producer buffer from the queue.
-  pdx::Status<void> RemoveBuffer(size_t slot) override;
-
-  // Free all buffers on this producer queue.
-  pdx::Status<void> FreeAllBuffers() override {
-    return BufferHubQueue::FreeAllBuffers();
-  }
-
-  // Dequeue a producer buffer to write. The returned buffer in |Gain|'ed mode,
-  // and caller should call Post() once it's done writing to release the buffer
-  // to the consumer side.
-  // @return a buffer in gained state, which was originally in released state.
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> Dequeue(
-      int timeout, size_t* slot, pdx::LocalHandle* release_fence);
-
-  // Dequeue a producer buffer to write. The returned buffer in |Gain|'ed mode,
-  // and caller should call Post() once it's done writing to release the buffer
-  // to the consumer side.
-  //
-  // @param timeout to dequeue a buffer.
-  // @param slot is the slot of the output ProducerBuffer.
-  // @param release_fence for gaining a buffer.
-  // @param out_meta metadata of the output buffer.
-  // @param gain_posted_buffer whether to gain posted buffer if no released
-  //     buffer is available to gain.
-  // @return a buffer in gained state, which was originally in released state if
-  //     gain_posted_buffer is false, or in posted/released state if
-  //     gain_posted_buffer is true.
-  // TODO(b/112007999): gain_posted_buffer true is only used to prevent
-  // libdvrtracking from starving when there are non-responding clients. This
-  // gain_posted_buffer param can be removed once libdvrtracking start to use
-  // the new AHardwareBuffer API.
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> Dequeue(
-      int timeout, size_t* slot, DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
-      pdx::LocalHandle* release_fence, bool gain_posted_buffer = false);
-
-  // Enqueues a producer buffer in the queue.
-  pdx::Status<void> Enqueue(const std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>& buffer,
-                            size_t slot, uint64_t index) {
-    return BufferHubQueue::Enqueue({buffer, slot, index});
-  }
-
-  // Takes out the current producer queue as a binder parcelable object. Note
-  // that the queue must be empty to be exportable. After successful export, the
-  // producer queue client should no longer be used.
-  pdx::Status<ProducerQueueParcelable> TakeAsParcelable();
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-
-  // Constructors are automatically exposed through ProducerQueue::Create(...)
-  // static template methods inherited from ClientBase, which take the same
-  // arguments as the constructors.
-  explicit ProducerQueue(pdx::LocalChannelHandle handle);
-  ProducerQueue(const ProducerQueueConfig& config, const UsagePolicy& usage);
-
-  // Dequeue a producer buffer to write. The returned buffer in |Gain|'ed mode,
-  // and caller should call Post() once it's done writing to release the buffer
-  // to the consumer side.
-  //
-  // @param slot the slot of the returned buffer.
-  // @return a buffer in gained state, which was originally in posted state or
-  //     released state.
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> DequeueUnacquiredBuffer(
-      size_t* slot);
-};
-
-class ConsumerQueue : public BufferHubQueue {
- public:
-  // Get a consumer buffer. Note that the method doesn't check whether the
-  // buffer slot has a valid buffer that has been imported already. When no
-  // buffer has been imported before it returns nullptr; otherwise returns a
-  // shared pointer to a ConsumerBuffer.
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> GetBuffer(size_t slot) const {
-    return std::static_pointer_cast<ConsumerBuffer>(
-        BufferHubQueue::GetBuffer(slot));
-  }
-
-  // Import a ConsumerQueue from a channel handle. |ignore_on_import| controls
-  // whether or not buffers are set to be ignored when imported. This may be
-  // used to avoid participation in the buffer lifecycle by a consumer queue
-  // that is only used to spawn other consumer queues, such as in an
-  // intermediate service.
-  static std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> Import(pdx::LocalChannelHandle handle);
-
-  // Import newly created buffers from the service side.
-  // Returns number of buffers successfully imported or an error.
-  pdx::Status<size_t> ImportBuffers();
-
-  // Dequeue a consumer buffer to read. The returned buffer in |Acquired|'ed
-  // mode, and caller should call Releasse() once it's done writing to release
-  // the buffer to the producer side. |meta| is passed along from BufferHub,
-  // The user of ProducerBuffer is responsible with making sure that the
-  // Dequeue() is done with the corect metadata type and size with those used
-  // when the buffer is orignally created.
-  template <typename Meta>
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>> Dequeue(
-      int timeout, size_t* slot, Meta* meta, pdx::LocalHandle* acquire_fence) {
-    return Dequeue(timeout, slot, meta, sizeof(*meta), acquire_fence);
-  }
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>> Dequeue(
-      int timeout, size_t* slot, pdx::LocalHandle* acquire_fence) {
-    return Dequeue(timeout, slot, nullptr, 0, acquire_fence);
-  }
-
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>> Dequeue(
-      int timeout, size_t* slot, void* meta, size_t user_metadata_size,
-      pdx::LocalHandle* acquire_fence);
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>> Dequeue(
-      int timeout, size_t* slot, DvrNativeBufferMetadata* out_meta,
-      pdx::LocalHandle* acquire_fence);
-
- private:
-  friend BufferHubQueue;
-
-  explicit ConsumerQueue(pdx::LocalChannelHandle handle);
-
-  // Add a consumer buffer to populate the queue. Once added, a consumer buffer
-  // is NOT available to use until the producer side |Post| it. |WaitForBuffers|
-  // will catch the |Post| and |Acquire| the buffer to make it available for
-  // consumer.
-  pdx::Status<void> AddBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer,
-                              size_t slot);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> OnBufferAllocated() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_BUFFER_HUB_QUEUE_CLIENT_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.h b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 36ab5f6..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_parcelable.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_BUFFER_HUB_QUEUE_PARCELABLE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_BUFFER_HUB_QUEUE_PARCELABLE_H_
-
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Weverything"
-#endif
-
-// The following headers are included without checking every warning.
-// TODO(b/72172820): Remove the workaround once we have enforced -Weverything
-// in these headers and their dependencies.
-#include <pdx/channel_parcelable.h>
-
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
-#endif
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-enum BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic : uint32_t {
-  Producer = 0x62687170,  // 'bhqp'
-  Consumer = 0x62687163,  // 'bhqc'
-};
-
-template <BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic Magic>
-class BufferHubQueueParcelable : public Parcelable {
- public:
-  BufferHubQueueParcelable() = default;
-
-  BufferHubQueueParcelable(BufferHubQueueParcelable&& other) noexcept = default;
-  BufferHubQueueParcelable& operator=(BufferHubQueueParcelable&& other) noexcept {
-    channel_parcelable_ = std::move(other.channel_parcelable_);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Constructs an parcelable contains the channel parcelable.
-  explicit BufferHubQueueParcelable(
-      std::unique_ptr<pdx::ChannelParcelable> channel_parcelable)
-      : channel_parcelable_(std::move(channel_parcelable)) {}
-
-  BufferHubQueueParcelable(const BufferHubQueueParcelable&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const BufferHubQueueParcelable&) = delete;
-
-  bool IsValid() const;
-
-  // Returns a channel handle constructed from this parcelable object and takes
-  // the ownership of all resources from the parcelable object.
-  pdx::LocalChannelHandle TakeChannelHandle();
-
-  // Serializes the queue parcelable into the given parcel. Note that no system
-  // resources are getting duplicated, nor did the parcel takes ownership of the
-  // queue parcelable. Thus, the parcelable object must remain valid for the
-  // lifetime of the parcel.
-  status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override;
-
-  // Deserialize the queue parcelable from the given parcel. Note that system
-  // resources are duplicated from the parcel into the queue parcelable. Returns
-  // error if the targeting parcelable object is already valid.
-  status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) override;
-
- private:
-  std::unique_ptr<pdx::ChannelParcelable> channel_parcelable_;
-};
-
-using ProducerQueueParcelable =
-    BufferHubQueueParcelable<BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic::Producer>;
-using ConsumerQueueParcelable =
-    BufferHubQueueParcelable<BufferHubQueueParcelableMagic::Consumer>;
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_BUFFER_HUB_QUEUE_PARCELABLE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/epoll_file_descriptor.h b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/epoll_file_descriptor.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f14f7c..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/include/private/dvr/epoll_file_descriptor.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_EPOLL_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_EPOLL_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_H_
-
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class EpollFileDescriptor {
- public:
-  static const int CTL_ADD = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;
-  static const int CTL_MOD = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
-  static const int CTL_DEL = EPOLL_CTL_DEL;
-
-  EpollFileDescriptor() : fd_(-1) {}
-
-  // Constructs an EpollFileDescriptor from an integer file descriptor and
-  // takes ownership.
-  explicit EpollFileDescriptor(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
-
-  bool IsValid() const { return fd_.get() >= 0; }
-
-  int Create() {
-    if (IsValid()) {
-      ALOGW("epoll fd has already been created.");
-      return -EALREADY;
-    }
-
-    fd_.reset(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
-
-    if (fd_.get() < 0)
-      return -errno;
-    else
-      return 0;
-  }
-
-  int Control(int op, int target_fd, epoll_event* ev) {
-    if (epoll_ctl(fd_.get(), op, target_fd, ev) < 0)
-      return -errno;
-    else
-      return 0;
-  }
-
-  int Wait(epoll_event* events, int maxevents, int timeout) {
-    int ret = epoll_wait(fd_.get(), events, maxevents, timeout);
-
-    if (ret < 0)
-      return -errno;
-    else
-      return ret;
-  }
-
-  int Get() const { return fd_.get(); }
-
- private:
-  base::unique_fd fd_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_EPOLL_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index e373376..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-header_libraries = [
-    "libdvr_headers",
-]
-
-shared_libraries = [
-    "libbase",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "libgui",
-    "liblog",
-    "libhardware",
-    "libui",
-    "libutils",
-    "libnativewindow",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-]
-
-static_libraries = [
-    "libchrome",
-    "libdvrcommon",
-    "libperformance",
-]
-
-cc_test {
-    srcs: ["buffer_hub_queue-test.cpp"],
-    header_libs: header_libraries,
-    static_libs: static_libraries,
-    shared_libs: shared_libraries,
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"buffer_hub_queue-test\"",
-        "-DTRACE=0",
-        "-O0",
-        "-g",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-error=sign-compare", // to fix later
-    ],
-    name: "buffer_hub_queue-test",
-}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/buffer_hub_queue-test.cpp b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/buffer_hub_queue-test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6ae603b..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/buffer_hub_queue-test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1083 +0,0 @@
-#include <base/logging.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <dvr/dvr_api.h>
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
-#include <private/dvr/consumer_buffer.h>
-#include <private/dvr/producer_buffer.h>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-
-#include <vector>
-
-// Enable/disable debug logging.
-#define TRACE 0
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-using pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using pdx::LocalHandle;
-
-namespace {
-
-constexpr uint32_t kBufferWidth = 100;
-constexpr uint32_t kBufferHeight = 1;
-constexpr uint32_t kBufferLayerCount = 1;
-constexpr uint32_t kBufferFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB;
-constexpr uint64_t kBufferUsage = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_RARELY;
-constexpr int kTimeoutMs = 100;
-constexpr int kNoTimeout = 0;
-
-class BufferHubQueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
- public:
-  bool CreateProducerQueue(const ProducerQueueConfig& config,
-                           const UsagePolicy& usage) {
-    producer_queue_ = ProducerQueue::Create(config, usage);
-    return producer_queue_ != nullptr;
-  }
-
-  bool CreateConsumerQueue() {
-    if (producer_queue_) {
-      consumer_queue_ = producer_queue_->CreateConsumerQueue();
-      return consumer_queue_ != nullptr;
-    } else {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  bool CreateQueues(const ProducerQueueConfig& config,
-                    const UsagePolicy& usage) {
-    return CreateProducerQueue(config, usage) && CreateConsumerQueue();
-  }
-
-  void AllocateBuffer(size_t* slot_out = nullptr) {
-    // Create producer buffer.
-    auto status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight,
-                                                  kBufferLayerCount,
-                                                  kBufferFormat, kBufferUsage);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok());
-    size_t slot = status.take();
-    if (slot_out)
-      *slot_out = slot;
-  }
-
-  bool WaitAndHandleOnce(BufferHubQueue* queue, int timeout_ms) {
-    pollfd pfd{queue->queue_fd(), POLLIN, 0};
-    int ret;
-    do {
-      ret = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout_ms);
-    } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
-
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      ALOGW("Failed to poll queue %d's event fd, error: %s.", queue->id(),
-            strerror(errno));
-      return false;
-    } else if (ret == 0) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    return queue->HandleQueueEvents();
-  }
-
- protected:
-  ProducerQueueConfigBuilder config_builder_;
-  std::unique_ptr<ProducerQueue> producer_queue_;
-  std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> consumer_queue_;
-};
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestDequeue) {
-  const int64_t nb_dequeue_times = 16;
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  // Allocate only one buffer.
-  AllocateBuffer();
-
-  // But dequeue multiple times.
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < nb_dequeue_times; i++) {
-    size_t slot;
-    LocalHandle fence;
-    DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-
-    // Producer gains a buffer.
-    auto p1_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-    auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-    // Producer posts the buffer.
-    mi.index = i;
-    EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()), 0);
-
-    // Consumer acquires a buffer.
-    auto c1_status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(c1_status.ok()) << c1_status.GetErrorMessage();
-    auto c1 = c1_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(c1, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mi.index, i);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mo.index, i);
-
-    // Consumer releases the buffer.
-    EXPECT_EQ(c1->ReleaseAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()), 0);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest,
-       TestDequeuePostedBufferIfNoAvailableReleasedBuffer_withConsumerBuffer) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  // Allocate 3 buffers to use.
-  const size_t test_queue_capacity = 3;
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < test_queue_capacity; i++) {
-    AllocateBuffer();
-  }
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), test_queue_capacity);
-
-  size_t producer_slot, consumer_slot;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-
-  // Producer posts 2 buffers and remember their posted sequence.
-  std::deque<size_t> posted_slots;
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-    auto p1_status =
-        producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &producer_slot, &mo, &fence, true);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-    auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-    // Producer should not be gaining posted buffer when there are still
-    // available buffers to gain.
-    auto found_iter =
-        std::find(posted_slots.begin(), posted_slots.end(), producer_slot);
-    EXPECT_EQ(found_iter, posted_slots.end());
-    posted_slots.push_back(producer_slot);
-
-    // Producer posts the buffer.
-    mi.index = i;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, p1->PostAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()));
-  }
-
-  // Consumer acquires one buffer.
-  auto c1_status =
-      consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &consumer_slot, &mo, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(c1_status.ok());
-  auto c1 = c1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(c1, nullptr);
-  // Consumer should get the oldest posted buffer. No checks here.
-  // posted_slots[0] should be in acquired state now.
-  EXPECT_EQ(mo.index, 0);
-  // Consumer releases the buffer.
-  EXPECT_EQ(c1->ReleaseAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()), 0);
-  // posted_slots[0] should be in released state now.
-
-  // Producer gain and post 2 buffers.
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-    auto p1_status =
-        producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &producer_slot, &mo, &fence, true);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-    auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-    // The gained buffer should be the one in released state or the one haven't
-    // been use.
-    EXPECT_NE(posted_slots[1], producer_slot);
-
-    mi.index = i + 2;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, p1->PostAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()));
-  }
-
-  // Producer gains a buffer.
-  auto p1_status =
-      producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &producer_slot, &mo, &fence, true);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-  auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-  // The gained buffer should be the oldest posted buffer.
-  EXPECT_EQ(posted_slots[1], producer_slot);
-
-  // Producer posts the buffer.
-  mi.index = 4;
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, p1->PostAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()));
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest,
-       TestDequeuePostedBufferIfNoAvailableReleasedBuffer_noConsumerBuffer) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  // Allocate 4 buffers to use.
-  const size_t test_queue_capacity = 4;
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < test_queue_capacity; i++) {
-    AllocateBuffer();
-  }
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), test_queue_capacity);
-
-  // Post all allowed buffers and remember their posted sequence.
-  std::deque<size_t> posted_slots;
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < test_queue_capacity; i++) {
-    size_t slot;
-    LocalHandle fence;
-    DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-
-    // Producer gains a buffer.
-    auto p1_status =
-        producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence, true);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-    auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-    // Producer should not be gaining posted buffer when there are still
-    // available buffers to gain.
-    auto found_iter = std::find(posted_slots.begin(), posted_slots.end(), slot);
-    EXPECT_EQ(found_iter, posted_slots.end());
-    posted_slots.push_back(slot);
-
-    // Producer posts the buffer.
-    mi.index = i;
-    EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()), 0);
-  }
-
-  // Gain posted buffers in sequence.
-  const int64_t nb_dequeue_all_times = 2;
-  for (int j = 0; j < nb_dequeue_all_times; ++j) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < test_queue_capacity; ++i) {
-      size_t slot;
-      LocalHandle fence;
-      DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-
-      // Producer gains a buffer.
-      auto p1_status =
-          producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence, true);
-      EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-      auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-      ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-      // The gained buffer should be the oldest posted buffer.
-      EXPECT_EQ(posted_slots[i], slot);
-
-      // Producer posts the buffer.
-      mi.index = i + test_queue_capacity * (j + 1);
-      EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&mi, LocalHandle()), 0);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestProducerConsumer) {
-  const size_t kBufferCount = 16;
-  size_t slot;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    AllocateBuffer();
-
-    // Producer queue has all the available buffers on initialize.
-    ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), i + 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), i + 1);
-
-    // Consumer queue has no avaiable buffer on initialize.
-    ASSERT_EQ(consumer_queue_->count(), 0U);
-    // Consumer queue does not import buffers until a dequeue is issued.
-    ASSERT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), i);
-    // Dequeue returns timeout since no buffer is ready to consumer, but
-    // this implicitly triggers buffer import and bump up |capacity|.
-    auto status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kNoTimeout, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(status.ok());
-    ASSERT_EQ(ETIMEDOUT, status.error());
-    ASSERT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), i + 1);
-  }
-
-  // Use eventfd as a stand-in for a fence.
-  LocalHandle post_fence(eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK));
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    // First time there is no buffer available to dequeue.
-    auto consumer_status =
-        consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kNoTimeout, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(consumer_status.ok());
-    ASSERT_EQ(consumer_status.error(), ETIMEDOUT);
-
-    // Make sure Producer buffer is POSTED so that it's ready to Accquire
-    // in the consumer's Dequeue() function.
-    auto producer_status =
-        producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-    auto producer = producer_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, producer);
-
-    mi.index = static_cast<int64_t>(i);
-    ASSERT_EQ(producer->PostAsync(&mi, post_fence), 0);
-
-    // Second time the just the POSTED buffer should be dequeued.
-    consumer_status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(consumer_status.ok());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(fence.IsValid());
-
-    auto consumer = consumer_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, consumer);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mi.index, mo.index);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestInsertBuffer) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateProducerQueue(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  consumer_queue_ = producer_queue_->CreateConsumerQueue();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(consumer_queue_ != nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), 0);
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> p1 = ProducerBuffer::Create(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kBufferUsage, 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(p1 != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_EQ(p1->GainAsync(), 0);
-
-  // Inserting a posted buffer will fail.
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata meta;
-  EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&meta, LocalHandle()), 0);
-  auto status_or_slot = producer_queue_->InsertBuffer(p1);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(status_or_slot.ok());
-  EXPECT_EQ(status_or_slot.error(), EINVAL);
-
-  // Inserting a gained buffer will succeed.
-  std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> p2 = ProducerBuffer::Create(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferFormat, kBufferUsage);
-  ASSERT_EQ(p2->GainAsync(), 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(p2 != nullptr);
-  status_or_slot = producer_queue_->InsertBuffer(p2);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(status_or_slot.ok()) << status_or_slot.GetErrorMessage();
-  // This is the first buffer inserted, should take slot 0.
-  size_t slot = status_or_slot.get();
-  EXPECT_EQ(slot, 0);
-
-  // Wait and expect the consumer to kick up the newly inserted buffer.
-  WaitAndHandleOnce(consumer_queue_.get(), kTimeoutMs);
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), 1ULL);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestRemoveBuffer) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateProducerQueue(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mo;
-
-  // Allocate buffers.
-  const size_t kBufferCount = 4u;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    AllocateBuffer();
-  }
-  ASSERT_EQ(kBufferCount, producer_queue_->count());
-  ASSERT_EQ(kBufferCount, producer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  consumer_queue_ = producer_queue_->CreateConsumerQueue();
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, consumer_queue_);
-
-  // Check that buffers are correctly imported on construction.
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0u, consumer_queue_->count());
-
-  // Dequeue all the buffers and keep track of them in an array. This prevents
-  // the producer queue ring buffer ref counts from interfering with the tests.
-  struct Entry {
-    std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> buffer;
-    LocalHandle fence;
-    size_t slot;
-  };
-  std::array<Entry, kBufferCount> buffers;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    Entry* entry = &buffers[i];
-    auto producer_status =
-        producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &entry->slot, &mo, &entry->fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-    entry->buffer = producer_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, entry->buffer);
-  }
-
-  // Remove a buffer and make sure both queues reflect the change.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(producer_queue_->RemoveBuffer(buffers[0].slot));
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount - 1, producer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // As long as the removed buffer is still alive the consumer queue won't know
-  // its gone.
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(consumer_queue_->HandleQueueEvents());
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // Release the removed buffer.
-  buffers[0].buffer = nullptr;
-
-  // Now the consumer queue should know it's gone.
-  EXPECT_FALSE(WaitAndHandleOnce(consumer_queue_.get(), kTimeoutMs));
-  ASSERT_EQ(kBufferCount - 1, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // Allocate a new buffer. This should take the first empty slot.
-  size_t slot;
-  AllocateBuffer(&slot);
-  ALOGE_IF(TRACE, "ALLOCATE %zu", slot);
-  EXPECT_EQ(buffers[0].slot, slot);
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, producer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // The consumer queue should pick up the new buffer.
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount - 1, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(consumer_queue_->HandleQueueEvents());
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // Remove and allocate a buffer.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(producer_queue_->RemoveBuffer(buffers[1].slot));
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount - 1, producer_queue_->capacity());
-  buffers[1].buffer = nullptr;
-
-  AllocateBuffer(&slot);
-  ALOGE_IF(TRACE, "ALLOCATE %zu", slot);
-  EXPECT_EQ(buffers[1].slot, slot);
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, producer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // The consumer queue should pick up the new buffer but the count shouldn't
-  // change.
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(consumer_queue_->HandleQueueEvents());
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // Remove and allocate a buffer, but don't free the buffer right away.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(producer_queue_->RemoveBuffer(buffers[2].slot));
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount - 1, producer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  AllocateBuffer(&slot);
-  ALOGE_IF(TRACE, "ALLOCATE %zu", slot);
-  EXPECT_EQ(buffers[2].slot, slot);
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, producer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(consumer_queue_->HandleQueueEvents());
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-
-  // Release the producer buffer to trigger a POLLHUP event for an already
-  // removed buffer.
-  buffers[2].buffer = nullptr;
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(consumer_queue_->HandleQueueEvents());
-  EXPECT_EQ(kBufferCount, consumer_queue_->capacity());
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestMultipleConsumers) {
-  // ProducerConfigureBuilder doesn't set Metadata{size}, which means there
-  // is no metadata associated with this BufferQueue's buffer.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateProducerQueue(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  // Allocate buffers.
-  const size_t kBufferCount = 4u;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    AllocateBuffer();
-  }
-  ASSERT_EQ(kBufferCount, producer_queue_->count());
-
-  // Build a silent consumer queue to test multi-consumer queue features.
-  auto silent_queue = producer_queue_->CreateSilentConsumerQueue();
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, silent_queue);
-
-  // Check that silent queue doesn't import buffers on creation.
-  EXPECT_EQ(silent_queue->capacity(), 0U);
-
-  // Dequeue and post a buffer.
-  size_t slot;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-  auto producer_status =
-      producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-  auto producer_buffer = producer_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(producer_buffer, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_buffer->PostAsync(&mi, {}), 0);
-  // After post, check the number of remaining available buffers.
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), kBufferCount - 1);
-
-  // Currently we expect no buffer to be available prior to calling
-  // WaitForBuffers/HandleQueueEvents.
-  // TODO(eieio): Note this behavior may change in the future.
-  EXPECT_EQ(silent_queue->count(), 0U);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(silent_queue->HandleQueueEvents());
-  EXPECT_EQ(silent_queue->count(), 0U);
-
-  // Build a new consumer queue to test multi-consumer queue features.
-  consumer_queue_ = silent_queue->CreateConsumerQueue();
-  ASSERT_NE(consumer_queue_, nullptr);
-
-  // Check that buffers are correctly imported on construction.
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), kBufferCount);
-  // Buffers are only imported, but their availability is not checked until
-  // first call to Dequeue().
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->count(), 0U);
-
-  // Reclaim released/ignored buffers.
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), kBufferCount - 1);
-
-  usleep(10000);
-  WaitAndHandleOnce(producer_queue_.get(), kTimeoutMs);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), kBufferCount - 1);
-
-  // Post another buffer.
-  producer_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-  producer_buffer = producer_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(producer_buffer, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_buffer->PostAsync(&mi, {}), 0);
-
-  // Verify that the consumer queue receives it.
-  size_t consumer_queue_count = consumer_queue_->count();
-  WaitAndHandleOnce(consumer_queue_.get(), kTimeoutMs);
-  EXPECT_GT(consumer_queue_->count(), consumer_queue_count);
-
-  // Save the current consumer queue buffer count to compare after the dequeue.
-  consumer_queue_count = consumer_queue_->count();
-
-  // Dequeue and acquire/release (discard) buffers on the consumer end.
-  auto consumer_status =
-      consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(consumer_status.ok());
-  auto consumer_buffer = consumer_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(consumer_buffer, nullptr);
-  consumer_buffer->Discard();
-
-  // Buffer should be returned to the producer queue without being handled by
-  // the silent consumer queue.
-  EXPECT_LT(consumer_queue_->count(), consumer_queue_count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), kBufferCount - 2);
-
-  WaitAndHandleOnce(producer_queue_.get(), kTimeoutMs);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), kBufferCount - 1);
-}
-
-struct TestUserMetadata {
-  char a;
-  int32_t b;
-  int64_t c;
-};
-
-constexpr uint64_t kUserMetadataSize =
-    static_cast<uint64_t>(sizeof(TestUserMetadata));
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestUserMetadata) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(
-      config_builder_.SetMetadata<TestUserMetadata>().Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  AllocateBuffer();
-
-  std::vector<TestUserMetadata> user_metadata_list = {
-      {'0', 0, 0}, {'1', 10, 3333}, {'@', 123, 1000000000}};
-
-  for (auto user_metadata : user_metadata_list) {
-    size_t slot;
-    LocalHandle fence;
-    DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-
-    auto p1_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-    auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-    // TODO(b/69469185): Test against metadata from consumer once we implement
-    // release metadata properly.
-    // EXPECT_EQ(mo.user_metadata_ptr, 0U);
-    // EXPECT_EQ(mo.user_metadata_size, 0U);
-
-    mi.user_metadata_size = kUserMetadataSize;
-    mi.user_metadata_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&user_metadata);
-    EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&mi, {}), 0);
-    auto c1_status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(c1_status.ok()) << c1_status.GetErrorMessage();
-    auto c1 = c1_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(c1, nullptr);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(mo.user_metadata_size, kUserMetadataSize);
-    auto out_user_metadata =
-        reinterpret_cast<TestUserMetadata*>(mo.user_metadata_ptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(user_metadata.a, out_user_metadata->a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(user_metadata.b, out_user_metadata->b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(user_metadata.c, out_user_metadata->c);
-
-    // When release, empty metadata is also legit.
-    mi.user_metadata_size = 0U;
-    mi.user_metadata_ptr = 0U;
-    c1->ReleaseAsync(&mi, {});
-  }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestUserMetadataMismatch) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(
-      config_builder_.SetMetadata<TestUserMetadata>().Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  AllocateBuffer();
-
-  TestUserMetadata user_metadata;
-  size_t slot;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-  auto p1_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-  auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-  // Post with mismatched user metadata size will fail. But the producer buffer
-  // itself should stay untouched.
-  mi.user_metadata_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&user_metadata);
-  mi.user_metadata_size = kUserMetadataSize + 1;
-  EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&mi, {}), -E2BIG);
-  // Post with the exact same user metdata size can success.
-  mi.user_metadata_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&user_metadata);
-  mi.user_metadata_size = kUserMetadataSize;
-  EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&mi, {}), 0);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestEnqueue) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.SetMetadata<int64_t>().Build(),
-                           UsagePolicy{}));
-  AllocateBuffer();
-
-  size_t slot;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mo;
-  auto p1_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-  auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, p1);
-
-  producer_queue_->Enqueue(p1, slot, 0ULL);
-  auto c1_status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(c1_status.ok());
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestAllocateBuffer) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  size_t ps1;
-  AllocateBuffer();
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-  auto p1_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &ps1, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-  auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-  // producer queue is exhausted
-  size_t ps2;
-  auto p2_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &ps2, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(p2_status.ok());
-  ASSERT_EQ(ETIMEDOUT, p2_status.error());
-
-  // dynamically add buffer.
-  AllocateBuffer();
-  ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), 1U);
-  ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 2U);
-
-  // now we can dequeue again
-  p2_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &ps2, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(p2_status.ok());
-  auto p2 = p2_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(p2, nullptr);
-  ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), 0U);
-  // p1 and p2 should have different slot number
-  ASSERT_NE(ps1, ps2);
-
-  // Consumer queue does not import buffers until |Dequeue| or |ImportBuffers|
-  // are called. So far consumer_queue_ should be empty.
-  ASSERT_EQ(consumer_queue_->count(), 0U);
-
-  int64_t seq = 1;
-  mi.index = seq;
-  ASSERT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&mi, {}), 0);
-
-  size_t cs1, cs2;
-  auto c1_status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &cs1, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(c1_status.ok()) << c1_status.GetErrorMessage();
-  auto c1 = c1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(c1, nullptr);
-  ASSERT_EQ(consumer_queue_->count(), 0U);
-  ASSERT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), 2U);
-  ASSERT_EQ(cs1, ps1);
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(p2->PostAsync(&mi, {}), 0);
-  auto c2_status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &cs2, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(c2_status.ok());
-  auto c2 = c2_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(c2, nullptr);
-  ASSERT_EQ(cs2, ps2);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestAllocateTwoBuffers) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-  ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 0);
-  auto status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffers(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-      kBufferUsage, /*buffer_count=*/2);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok());
-  std::vector<size_t> buffer_slots = status.take();
-  ASSERT_EQ(buffer_slots.size(), 2);
-  ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 2);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestAllocateZeroBuffers) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-  ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 0);
-  auto status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffers(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-      kBufferUsage, /*buffer_count=*/0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok());
-  std::vector<size_t> buffer_slots = status.take();
-  ASSERT_EQ(buffer_slots.size(), 0);
-  ASSERT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 0);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestUsageSetMask) {
-  const uint32_t set_mask = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{set_mask, 0, 0, 0}));
-
-  // When allocation, leave out |set_mask| from usage bits on purpose.
-  auto status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-      kBufferUsage & ~set_mask);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  size_t slot;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mo;
-  auto p1_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-  auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_EQ(p1->usage() & set_mask, set_mask);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestUsageClearMask) {
-  const uint32_t clear_mask = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{0, clear_mask, 0, 0}));
-
-  // When allocation, add |clear_mask| into usage bits on purpose.
-  auto status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-      kBufferUsage | clear_mask);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  size_t slot;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mo;
-  auto p1_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(p1_status.ok());
-  auto p1 = p1_status.take();
-  ASSERT_EQ(p1->usage() & clear_mask, 0U);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestUsageDenySetMask) {
-  const uint32_t deny_set_mask = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.SetMetadata<int64_t>().Build(),
-                           UsagePolicy{0, 0, deny_set_mask, 0}));
-
-  // Now that |deny_set_mask| is illegal, allocation without those bits should
-  // be able to succeed.
-  auto status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-      kBufferUsage & ~deny_set_mask);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // While allocation with those bits should fail.
-  status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight,
-                                           kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-                                           kBufferUsage | deny_set_mask);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(status.ok());
-  ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, status.error());
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestUsageDenyClearMask) {
-  const uint32_t deny_clear_mask = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.SetMetadata<int64_t>().Build(),
-                           UsagePolicy{0, 0, 0, deny_clear_mask}));
-
-  // Now that clearing |deny_clear_mask| is illegal (i.e. setting these bits are
-  // mandatory), allocation with those bits should be able to succeed.
-  auto status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(
-      kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight, kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-      kBufferUsage | deny_clear_mask);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // While allocation without those bits should fail.
-  status = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight,
-                                           kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-                                           kBufferUsage & ~deny_clear_mask);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(status.ok());
-  ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, status.error());
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestQueueInfo) {
-  static const bool kIsAsync = true;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.SetIsAsync(kIsAsync)
-                               .SetDefaultWidth(kBufferWidth)
-                               .SetDefaultHeight(kBufferHeight)
-                               .SetDefaultFormat(kBufferFormat)
-                               .Build(),
-                           UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->default_width(), kBufferWidth);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->default_height(), kBufferHeight);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->default_format(), kBufferFormat);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->is_async(), kIsAsync);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->default_width(), kBufferWidth);
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->default_height(), kBufferHeight);
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->default_format(), kBufferFormat);
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->is_async(), kIsAsync);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestFreeAllBuffers) {
-  constexpr size_t kBufferCount = 2;
-
-#define CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(num_buffers)  \
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->count(), 0U);          \
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), 0U);       \
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), 0U);          \
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 0U);       \
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_buffers; i++) {        \
-    AllocateBuffer();                               \
-  }                                                 \
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), num_buffers); \
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), num_buffers);
-
-  size_t slot;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  pdx::Status<void> status;
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>> consumer_status;
-  pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer>> producer_status;
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> consumer_buffer;
-  std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> producer_buffer;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata mi, mo;
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  // Free all buffers when buffers are avaible for dequeue.
-  CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(kBufferCount);
-  status = producer_queue_->FreeAllBuffers();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // Free all buffers when one buffer is dequeued.
-  CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(kBufferCount);
-  producer_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-  status = producer_queue_->FreeAllBuffers();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // Free all buffers when all buffers are dequeued.
-  CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(kBufferCount);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    producer_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-  }
-  status = producer_queue_->FreeAllBuffers();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // Free all buffers when one buffer is posted.
-  CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(kBufferCount);
-  producer_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-  producer_buffer = producer_status.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, producer_buffer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, producer_buffer->PostAsync(&mi, fence));
-  status = producer_queue_->FreeAllBuffers();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // Free all buffers when all buffers are posted.
-  CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(kBufferCount);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    producer_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-    producer_buffer = producer_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(producer_buffer, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(producer_buffer->PostAsync(&mi, fence), 0);
-  }
-  status = producer_queue_->FreeAllBuffers();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // Free all buffers when all buffers are acquired.
-  CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(kBufferCount);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kBufferCount; i++) {
-    producer_status = producer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(producer_status.ok());
-    producer_buffer = producer_status.take();
-    ASSERT_NE(producer_buffer, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(producer_buffer->PostAsync(&mi, fence), 0);
-    consumer_status = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &mo, &fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(consumer_status.ok()) << consumer_status.GetErrorMessage();
-  }
-
-  status = producer_queue_->FreeAllBuffers();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
-
-  // In addition to FreeAllBuffers() from the queue, it is also required to
-  // delete all references to the ProducerBuffer (i.e. the PDX client).
-  producer_buffer = nullptr;
-
-  // Crank consumer queue events to pickup EPOLLHUP events on the queue.
-  consumer_queue_->HandleQueueEvents();
-
-  // One last check.
-  CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE(kBufferCount);
-
-#undef CHECK_NO_BUFFER_THEN_ALLOCATE
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestProducerToParcelableNotEmpty) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.SetMetadata<uint64_t>().Build(),
-                           UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  // Allocate only one buffer.
-  AllocateBuffer();
-
-  // Export should fail as the queue is not empty.
-  auto status = producer_queue_->TakeAsParcelable();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(status.ok());
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestProducerExportToParcelable) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateQueues(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  auto s1 = producer_queue_->TakeAsParcelable();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(s1.ok());
-
-  ProducerQueueParcelable output_parcelable = s1.take();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(output_parcelable.IsValid());
-
-  Parcel parcel;
-  status_t res;
-  res = output_parcelable.writeToParcel(&parcel);
-  EXPECT_EQ(res, OK);
-
-  // After written into parcelable, the output_parcelable is still valid has
-  // keeps the producer channel alive.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(output_parcelable.IsValid());
-
-  // Creating producer buffer should fail.
-  auto s2 = producer_queue_->AllocateBuffer(kBufferWidth, kBufferHeight,
-                                            kBufferLayerCount, kBufferFormat,
-                                            kBufferUsage);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(s2.ok());
-
-  // Reset the data position so that we can read back from the same parcel
-  // without doing actually Binder IPC.
-  parcel.setDataPosition(0);
-  producer_queue_ = nullptr;
-
-  // Recreate the producer queue from the parcel.
-  ProducerQueueParcelable input_parcelable;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(input_parcelable.IsValid());
-
-  res = input_parcelable.readFromParcel(&parcel);
-  EXPECT_EQ(res, OK);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(input_parcelable.IsValid());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_, nullptr);
-  producer_queue_ = ProducerQueue::Import(input_parcelable.TakeChannelHandle());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(input_parcelable.IsValid());
-  ASSERT_NE(producer_queue_, nullptr);
-
-  // Newly created queue from the parcel can allocate buffer, post buffer to
-  // consumer.
-  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AllocateBuffer());
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), 1U);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 1U);
-
-  size_t slot;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata producer_meta;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata consumer_meta;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  auto s3 = producer_queue_->Dequeue(0, &slot, &producer_meta, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(s3.ok());
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> p1 = s3.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-  producer_meta.timestamp = 42;
-  EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&producer_meta, LocalHandle()), 0);
-
-  // Make sure the buffer can be dequeued from consumer side.
-  auto s4 = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &consumer_meta, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(s4.ok()) << s4.GetErrorMessage();
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), 1U);
-
-  auto consumer = s4.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(consumer, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_meta.timestamp, consumer_meta.timestamp);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BufferHubQueueTest, TestCreateConsumerParcelable) {
-  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateProducerQueue(config_builder_.Build(), UsagePolicy{}));
-
-  auto s1 = producer_queue_->CreateConsumerQueueParcelable();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(s1.ok());
-  ConsumerQueueParcelable output_parcelable = s1.take();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(output_parcelable.IsValid());
-
-  // Write to a Parcel new object.
-  Parcel parcel;
-  status_t res;
-  res = output_parcelable.writeToParcel(&parcel);
-
-  // Reset the data position so that we can read back from the same parcel
-  // without doing actually Binder IPC.
-  parcel.setDataPosition(0);
-
-  // No consumer queue created yet.
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_, nullptr);
-
-  // If the parcel contains a consumer queue, read into a
-  // ProducerQueueParcelable should fail.
-  ProducerQueueParcelable wrongly_typed_parcelable;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(wrongly_typed_parcelable.IsValid());
-  res = wrongly_typed_parcelable.readFromParcel(&parcel);
-  EXPECT_EQ(res, -EINVAL);
-  parcel.setDataPosition(0);
-
-  // Create the consumer queue from the parcel.
-  ConsumerQueueParcelable input_parcelable;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(input_parcelable.IsValid());
-
-  res = input_parcelable.readFromParcel(&parcel);
-  EXPECT_EQ(res, OK);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(input_parcelable.IsValid());
-
-  consumer_queue_ = ConsumerQueue::Import(input_parcelable.TakeChannelHandle());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(input_parcelable.IsValid());
-  ASSERT_NE(consumer_queue_, nullptr);
-
-  EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(AllocateBuffer());
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->count(), 1U);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_queue_->capacity(), 1U);
-
-  size_t slot;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata producer_meta;
-  DvrNativeBufferMetadata consumer_meta;
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  auto s2 = producer_queue_->Dequeue(0, &slot, &producer_meta, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(s2.ok());
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ProducerBuffer> p1 = s2.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(p1, nullptr);
-
-  producer_meta.timestamp = 42;
-  EXPECT_EQ(p1->PostAsync(&producer_meta, LocalHandle()), 0);
-
-  // Make sure the buffer can be dequeued from consumer side.
-  auto s3 = consumer_queue_->Dequeue(kTimeoutMs, &slot, &consumer_meta, &fence);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(s3.ok()) << s3.GetErrorMessage();
-  EXPECT_EQ(consumer_queue_->capacity(), 1U);
-
-  auto consumer = s3.take();
-  ASSERT_NE(consumer, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(producer_meta.timestamp, consumer_meta.timestamp);
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index b0ed950..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-sourceFiles = [
-    "display_client.cpp",
-    "display_manager_client.cpp",
-    "display_protocol.cpp",
-    "shared_buffer_helpers.cpp",
-    "vsync_service.cpp",
-]
-
-localIncludeFiles = [
-    "include",
-]
-
-sharedLibraries = [
-    "libbase",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "liblog",
-    "libutils",
-    "libui",
-    "libgui",
-    "libhardware",
-    "libsync",
-    "libnativewindow",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-]
-
-staticLibraries = [
-    "libdvrcommon",
-    "libbroadcastring",
-]
-
-headerLibraries = [
-    "vulkan_headers",
-    "libdvr_headers",
-]
-
-cc_library {
-    srcs: sourceFiles,
-    cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"libdisplay\"",
-        "-DTRACE=0",
-        "-DATRACE_TAG=ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS",
-        "-DGL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
-        "-DEGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],  // + [ "-UNDEBUG", "-DDEBUG", "-O0", "-g" ],
-    export_include_dirs: localIncludeFiles,
-    shared_libs: sharedLibraries,
-    static_libs: staticLibraries,
-    header_libs: headerLibraries,
-    export_header_lib_headers: headerLibraries,
-
-    name: "libdisplay",
-}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_client.cpp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_client.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 62856df..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_client.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,261 +0,0 @@
-#include "include/private/dvr/display_client.h"
-
-#include <cutils/native_handle.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/client_channel.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/client_channel_factory.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-
-#include <mutex>
-
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::Transaction;
-using android::pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace display {
-
-Surface::Surface(LocalChannelHandle channel_handle, int* error)
-    : BASE{pdx::default_transport::ClientChannel::Create(
-          std::move(channel_handle))} {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetSurfaceInfo>();
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("Surface::Surface: Failed to get surface info: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    Close(status.error());
-    if (error)
-      *error = status.error();
-  }
-
-  surface_id_ = status.get().surface_id;
-  z_order_ = status.get().z_order;
-  visible_ = status.get().visible;
-}
-
-Surface::Surface(const SurfaceAttributes& attributes, int* error)
-    : BASE{pdx::default_transport::ClientChannelFactory::Create(
-               DisplayProtocol::kClientPath),
-           kInfiniteTimeout} {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::CreateSurface>(attributes);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("Surface::Surface: Failed to create display surface: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    Close(status.error());
-    if (error)
-      *error = status.error();
-  }
-
-  surface_id_ = status.get().surface_id;
-  z_order_ = status.get().z_order;
-  visible_ = status.get().visible;
-}
-
-Status<void> Surface::SetVisible(bool visible) {
-  return SetAttributes(
-      {{SurfaceAttribute::Visible, SurfaceAttributeValue{visible}}});
-}
-
-Status<void> Surface::SetZOrder(int z_order) {
-  return SetAttributes(
-      {{SurfaceAttribute::ZOrder, SurfaceAttributeValue{z_order}}});
-}
-
-Status<void> Surface::SetAttributes(const SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::SetAttributes>(attributes);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "Surface::SetAttributes: Failed to set display surface "
-        "attributes: %s",
-        status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  // Set the local cached copies of the attributes we care about from the full
-  // set of attributes sent to the display service.
-  for (const auto& attribute : attributes) {
-    const auto& key = attribute.first;
-    const auto* variant = &attribute.second;
-    bool invalid_value = false;
-    switch (key) {
-      case SurfaceAttribute::Visible:
-        invalid_value =
-            !IfAnyOf<int32_t, int64_t, bool>::Get(variant, &visible_);
-        break;
-      case SurfaceAttribute::ZOrder:
-        invalid_value = !IfAnyOf<int32_t>::Get(variant, &z_order_);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (invalid_value) {
-      ALOGW(
-          "Surface::SetAttributes: Failed to set display surface "
-          "attribute %d because of incompatible type: %d",
-          key, variant->index());
-    }
-  }
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-Status<std::unique_ptr<ProducerQueue>> Surface::CreateQueue(
-    uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t format, size_t metadata_size) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "Surface::CreateQueue: Creating empty queue.");
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::CreateQueue>(
-      ProducerQueueConfigBuilder()
-          .SetDefaultWidth(width)
-          .SetDefaultHeight(height)
-          .SetDefaultFormat(format)
-          .SetMetadataSize(metadata_size)
-          .Build());
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("Surface::CreateQueue: Failed to create queue: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  auto producer_queue = ProducerQueue::Import(status.take());
-  if (!producer_queue) {
-    ALOGE("Surface::CreateQueue: Failed to import producer queue!");
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOMEM);
-  }
-
-  return {std::move(producer_queue)};
-}
-
-Status<std::unique_ptr<ProducerQueue>> Surface::CreateQueue(
-    uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layer_count, uint32_t format,
-    uint64_t usage, size_t capacity, size_t metadata_size) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "Surface::CreateQueue: width=%u height=%u layer_count=%u format=%u "
-           "usage=%" PRIx64 " capacity=%zu",
-           width, height, layer_count, format, usage, capacity);
-  auto status = CreateQueue(width, height, format, metadata_size);
-  if (!status)
-    return status.error_status();
-
-  auto producer_queue = status.take();
-
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "Surface::CreateQueue: Allocating %zu buffers...", capacity);
-  auto allocate_status = producer_queue->AllocateBuffers(
-      width, height, layer_count, format, usage, capacity);
-  if (!allocate_status) {
-    ALOGE("Surface::CreateQueue: Failed to allocate buffer on queue_id=%d: %s",
-          producer_queue->id(), allocate_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return allocate_status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  return {std::move(producer_queue)};
-}
-
-DisplayClient::DisplayClient(int* error)
-    : BASE(pdx::default_transport::ClientChannelFactory::Create(
-               DisplayProtocol::kClientPath),
-           kInfiniteTimeout) {
-  if (error)
-    *error = Client::error();
-}
-
-Status<Metrics> DisplayClient::GetDisplayMetrics() {
-  return InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetMetrics>();
-}
-
-Status<std::string> DisplayClient::GetConfigurationData(
-    ConfigFileType config_type) {
-  auto status =
-      InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetConfigurationData>(config_type);
-  if (!status && status.error() != ENOENT) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayClient::GetConfigurationData: Unable to get"
-        "configuration data. Error: %s",
-        status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-  }
-  return status;
-}
-
-Status<uint8_t> DisplayClient::GetDisplayIdentificationPort() {
-  return InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetDisplayIdentificationPort>();
-}
-
-Status<std::unique_ptr<Surface>> DisplayClient::CreateSurface(
-    const SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  int error;
-  if (auto client = Surface::Create(attributes, &error))
-    return {std::move(client)};
-  else
-    return ErrorStatus(error);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer>> DisplayClient::SetupGlobalBuffer(
-    DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size, uint64_t usage) {
-  auto status =
-      InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::SetupGlobalBuffer>(key, size, usage);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayClient::SetupGlobalBuffer: Failed to create the global buffer "
-        "%s",
-        status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  auto ion_buffer = std::make_unique<IonBuffer>();
-  auto native_buffer_handle = status.take();
-  const int ret = native_buffer_handle.Import(ion_buffer.get());
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayClient::GetGlobalBuffer: Failed to import global buffer: "
-        "key=%d; error=%s",
-        key, strerror(-ret));
-    return ErrorStatus(-ret);
-  }
-
-  return {std::move(ion_buffer)};
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> DisplayClient::DeleteGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::DeleteGlobalBuffer>(key);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("DisplayClient::DeleteGlobalBuffer Failed: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-  }
-
-  return status;
-}
-
-Status<std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer>> DisplayClient::GetGlobalBuffer(
-    DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetGlobalBuffer>(key);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayClient::GetGlobalBuffer: Failed to get named buffer: key=%d; "
-        "error=%s",
-        key, status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  auto ion_buffer = std::make_unique<IonBuffer>();
-  auto native_buffer_handle = status.take();
-  const int ret = native_buffer_handle.Import(ion_buffer.get());
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayClient::GetGlobalBuffer: Failed to import global buffer: "
-        "key=%d; error=%s",
-        key, strerror(-ret));
-    return ErrorStatus(-ret);
-  }
-
-  return {std::move(ion_buffer)};
-}
-
-Status<bool> DisplayClient::IsVrAppRunning() {
-  return InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::IsVrAppRunning>();
-}
-
-}  // namespace display
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_manager_client.cpp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_manager_client.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index fdeeb70..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_manager_client.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-#include "include/private/dvr/display_manager_client.h"
-
-#include <pdx/default_transport/client_channel_factory.h>
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::Transaction;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace display {
-
-DisplayManagerClient::DisplayManagerClient()
-    : BASE(pdx::default_transport::ClientChannelFactory::Create(
-          DisplayManagerProtocol::kClientPath)) {}
-
-DisplayManagerClient::~DisplayManagerClient() {}
-
-pdx::Status<std::vector<display::SurfaceState>>
-DisplayManagerClient::GetSurfaceState() {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceState>();
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayManagerClient::GetSurfaceState: Failed to get surface info: %s",
-        status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-  }
-
-  return status;
-}
-
-pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue>>
-DisplayManagerClient::GetSurfaceQueue(int surface_id, int queue_id) {
-  auto status = InvokeRemoteMethod<DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceQueue>(
-      surface_id, queue_id);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayManagerClient::GetSurfaceQueue: Failed to get queue for "
-        "surface_id=%d queue_id=%d: %s",
-        surface_id, queue_id, status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  return {ConsumerQueue::Import(status.take())};
-}
-
-}  // namespace display
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_protocol.cpp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_protocol.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 773f9a5..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/display_protocol.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#include "include/private/dvr/display_protocol.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace display {
-
-constexpr char DisplayProtocol::kClientPath[];
-constexpr char DisplayManagerProtocol::kClientPath[];
-constexpr char VSyncProtocol::kClientPath[];
-
-}  // namespace display
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/CPPLINT.cfg b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/CPPLINT.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f8a3c0..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/CPPLINT.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-filter=-build/header_guard
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_client.h b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_client.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 81546ac..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_client.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_CLIENT_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_CLIENT_H_
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_api.h>
-#include <hardware/hwcomposer.h>
-#include <pdx/client.h>
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace display {
-
-class Surface : public pdx::ClientBase<Surface> {
- public:
-  // Utility named constructor. This can be removed once ClientBase::Create is
-  // refactored to return Status<T> types.
-  static pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<Surface>> CreateSurface(
-      const SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-    int error;
-    pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<Surface>> status;
-    if (auto surface = Create(attributes, &error))
-      status.SetValue(std::move(surface));
-    else
-      status.SetError(error);
-    return status;
-  }
-
-  int surface_id() const { return surface_id_; }
-  int z_order() const { return z_order_; }
-  bool visible() const { return visible_; }
-
-  pdx::Status<void> SetVisible(bool visible);
-  pdx::Status<void> SetZOrder(int z_order);
-  pdx::Status<void> SetAttributes(const SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-
-  // Creates an empty queue.
-  pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<ProducerQueue>> CreateQueue(uint32_t width,
-                                                          uint32_t height,
-                                                          uint32_t format,
-                                                          size_t metadata_size);
-
-  // Creates a queue and populates it with |capacity| buffers of the specified
-  // parameters.
-  pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<ProducerQueue>> CreateQueue(uint32_t width,
-                                                          uint32_t height,
-                                                          uint32_t layer_count,
-                                                          uint32_t format,
-                                                          uint64_t usage,
-                                                          size_t capacity,
-                                                          size_t metadata_size);
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-
-  int surface_id_ = -1;
-  int z_order_ = 0;
-  bool visible_ = false;
-
-  // TODO(eieio,avakulenko): Remove error param once pdx::ClientBase::Create()
-  // returns Status<T>.
-  explicit Surface(const SurfaceAttributes& attributes, int* error = nullptr);
-  explicit Surface(pdx::LocalChannelHandle channel_handle,
-                   int* error = nullptr);
-
-  Surface(const Surface&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const Surface&) = delete;
-};
-
-class DisplayClient : public pdx::ClientBase<DisplayClient> {
- public:
-  pdx::Status<Metrics> GetDisplayMetrics();
-  pdx::Status<std::string> GetConfigurationData(ConfigFileType config_type);
-  pdx::Status<uint8_t> GetDisplayIdentificationPort();
-  pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer>> SetupGlobalBuffer(
-      DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size, uint64_t usage);
-  pdx::Status<void> DeleteGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-  pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer>> GetGlobalBuffer(
-      DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-  pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<Surface>> CreateSurface(
-      const SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-
-  // Temporary query for current VR status. Will be removed later.
-  pdx::Status<bool> IsVrAppRunning();
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-
-  explicit DisplayClient(int* error = nullptr);
-
-  DisplayClient(const DisplayClient&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayClient&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace display
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_CLIENT_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_manager_client.h b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_manager_client.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 45aef51..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_manager_client.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_MANAGER_CLIENT_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_MANAGER_CLIENT_H_
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <pdx/client.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class IonBuffer;
-class ConsumerQueue;
-
-namespace display {
-
-class DisplayManagerClient : public pdx::ClientBase<DisplayManagerClient> {
- public:
-  ~DisplayManagerClient() override;
-
-  pdx::Status<std::vector<SurfaceState>> GetSurfaceState();
-  pdx::Status<std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue>> GetSurfaceQueue(int surface_id,
-                                                              int queue_id);
-
-  using Client::event_fd;
-
-  pdx::Status<int> GetEventMask(int events) {
-    if (auto* client_channel = GetChannel())
-      return client_channel->GetEventMask(events);
-    else
-      return pdx::ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-
-  DisplayManagerClient();
-
-  DisplayManagerClient(const DisplayManagerClient&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayManagerClient&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace display
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_MANAGER_CLIENT_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_protocol.h b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_protocol.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f4cc4a..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/display_protocol.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_PROTOCOL_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_PROTOCOL_H_
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <array>
-#include <map>
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_display_types.h>
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_api.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/buffer_wrapper.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/remote_method.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/serializable.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/variant.h>
-#include <private/dvr/bufferhub_rpc.h>
-
-// RPC protocol definitions for DVR display services (VrFlinger).
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace display {
-
-// Native display metrics.
-struct Metrics {
-  // Basic display properties.
-  uint32_t display_width;
-  uint32_t display_height;
-  uint32_t display_x_dpi;
-  uint32_t display_y_dpi;
-  uint32_t vsync_period_ns;
-
-  // HMD metrics.
-  // TODO(eieio): Determine how these fields should be populated. On phones
-  // these values are determined at runtime by VrCore based on which headset the
-  // phone is in. On dedicated hardware this needs to come from somewhere else.
-  // Perhaps these should be moved to a separate structure that is returned by a
-  // separate runtime call.
-  uint32_t distorted_width;
-  uint32_t distorted_height;
-  uint32_t hmd_ipd_mm;
-  float inter_lens_distance_m;
-  std::array<float, 4> left_fov_lrbt;
-  std::array<float, 4> right_fov_lrbt;
-
- private:
-  PDX_SERIALIZABLE_MEMBERS(Metrics, display_width, display_height,
-                           display_x_dpi, display_y_dpi, vsync_period_ns,
-                           distorted_width, distorted_height, hmd_ipd_mm,
-                           inter_lens_distance_m, left_fov_lrbt,
-                           right_fov_lrbt);
-};
-
-// Serializable base type for enum structs. Enum structs are easier to use than
-// enum classes, especially for bitmasks. This base type provides common
-// utilities for flags types.
-template <typename Integer>
-class Flags {
- public:
-  using Base = Flags<Integer>;
-  using Type = Integer;
-
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Flags(const Integer& value) : value_{value} {}
-  Flags(const Flags&) = default;
-  Flags& operator=(const Flags&) = default;
-
-  Integer value() const { return value_; }
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  operator Integer() const { return value_; }
-
-  bool IsSet(Integer bits) const { return (value_ & bits) == bits; }
-  bool IsClear(Integer bits) const { return (value_ & bits) == 0; }
-
-  void Set(Integer bits) { value_ |= bits; }
-  void Clear(Integer bits) { value_ &= ~bits; }
-
-  Integer operator|(Integer bits) const { return value_ | bits; }
-  Integer operator&(Integer bits) const { return value_ & bits; }
-
-  Flags& operator|=(Integer bits) {
-    value_ |= bits;
-    return *this;
-  }
-  Flags& operator&=(Integer bits) {
-    value_ &= bits;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  Integer value_;
-
-  PDX_SERIALIZABLE_MEMBERS(Flags<Integer>, value_);
-};
-
-// Flags indicating what changed since last update.
-struct SurfaceUpdateFlags : public Flags<uint32_t> {
-  enum : Type {
-    None = DVR_SURFACE_UPDATE_FLAGS_NONE,
-    NewSurface = DVR_SURFACE_UPDATE_FLAGS_NEW_SURFACE,
-    BuffersChanged = DVR_SURFACE_UPDATE_FLAGS_BUFFERS_CHANGED,
-    VisibilityChanged = DVR_SURFACE_UPDATE_FLAGS_VISIBILITY_CHANGED,
-    AttributesChanged = DVR_SURFACE_UPDATE_FLAGS_ATTRIBUTES_CHANGED,
-  };
-
-  SurfaceUpdateFlags() : Base{None} {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-// Surface attribute key/value types.
-using SurfaceAttributeKey = int32_t;
-using SurfaceAttributeValue =
-    pdx::rpc::Variant<int32_t, int64_t, bool, float, std::array<float, 2>,
-                      std::array<float, 3>, std::array<float, 4>,
-                      std::array<float, 8>, std::array<float, 16>>;
-
-// Defined surface attribute keys.
-struct SurfaceAttribute : public Flags<SurfaceAttributeKey> {
-  enum : Type {
-    // Keys in the negative integer space are interpreted by VrFlinger for
-    // direct surfaces.
-    Direct = DVR_SURFACE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECT,
-    ZOrder = DVR_SURFACE_ATTRIBUTE_Z_ORDER,
-    Visible = DVR_SURFACE_ATTRIBUTE_VISIBLE,
-
-    // Invalid key. May be used to terminate C style lists in public API code.
-    Invalid = DVR_SURFACE_ATTRIBUTE_INVALID,
-
-    // Positive keys are interpreted by the compositor only.
-    FirstUserKey = DVR_SURFACE_ATTRIBUTE_FIRST_USER_KEY,
-  };
-
-  SurfaceAttribute() : Base{Invalid} {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-// Collection of surface attribute key/value pairs.
-using SurfaceAttributes = std::map<SurfaceAttributeKey, SurfaceAttributeValue>;
-
-struct SurfaceState {
-  int32_t surface_id;
-  int32_t process_id;
-  int32_t user_id;
-
-  SurfaceAttributes surface_attributes;
-  SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags;
-  std::vector<int32_t> queue_ids;
-
-  // Convenience accessors.
-  bool GetVisible() const {
-    bool bool_value = false;
-    GetAttribute(SurfaceAttribute::Visible, &bool_value,
-                 ValidTypes<int32_t, int64_t, bool, float>{});
-    return bool_value;
-  }
-
-  int GetZOrder() const {
-    int int_value = 0;
-    GetAttribute(SurfaceAttribute::ZOrder, &int_value,
-                 ValidTypes<int32_t, int64_t, float>{});
-    return int_value;
-  }
-
- private:
-  template <typename... Types>
-  struct ValidTypes {};
-
-  template <typename ReturnType, typename... Types>
-  bool GetAttribute(SurfaceAttributeKey key, ReturnType* out_value,
-                    ValidTypes<Types...>) const {
-    auto search = surface_attributes.find(key);
-    if (search != surface_attributes.end())
-      return pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf<Types...>::Get(&search->second, out_value);
-    else
-      return false;
-  }
-
-  PDX_SERIALIZABLE_MEMBERS(SurfaceState, surface_id, process_id,
-                           surface_attributes, update_flags, queue_ids);
-};
-
-struct SurfaceInfo {
-  int surface_id;
-  bool visible;
-  int z_order;
-
- private:
-  PDX_SERIALIZABLE_MEMBERS(SurfaceInfo, surface_id, visible, z_order);
-};
-
-enum class ConfigFileType : uint32_t {
-  kLensMetrics,
-  kDeviceMetrics,
-  kDeviceConfiguration,
-  kDeviceEdid
-};
-
-struct DisplayProtocol {
-  // Service path.
-  static constexpr char kClientPath[] = "system/vr/display/client";
-
-  // Op codes.
-  enum {
-    kOpGetMetrics = 0,
-    kOpGetConfigurationData,
-    kOpSetupGlobalBuffer,
-    kOpDeleteGlobalBuffer,
-    kOpGetGlobalBuffer,
-    kOpIsVrAppRunning,
-    kOpCreateSurface,
-    kOpGetSurfaceInfo,
-    kOpCreateQueue,
-    kOpSetAttributes,
-    kOpGetDisplayIdentificationPort,
-  };
-
-  // Aliases.
-  using LocalChannelHandle = pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-  using Void = pdx::rpc::Void;
-
-  // Methods.
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetMetrics, kOpGetMetrics, Metrics(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetConfigurationData, kOpGetConfigurationData,
-                    std::string(ConfigFileType config_type));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetDisplayIdentificationPort,
-                    kOpGetDisplayIdentificationPort, uint8_t(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(SetupGlobalBuffer, kOpSetupGlobalBuffer,
-                    LocalNativeBufferHandle(DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size,
-                                            uint64_t usage));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(DeleteGlobalBuffer, kOpDeleteGlobalBuffer,
-                    void(DvrGlobalBufferKey key));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetGlobalBuffer, kOpGetGlobalBuffer,
-                    LocalNativeBufferHandle(DvrGlobalBufferKey key));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(IsVrAppRunning, kOpIsVrAppRunning, bool(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(CreateSurface, kOpCreateSurface,
-                    SurfaceInfo(const SurfaceAttributes& attributes));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetSurfaceInfo, kOpGetSurfaceInfo, SurfaceInfo(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(
-      CreateQueue, kOpCreateQueue,
-      LocalChannelHandle(const ProducerQueueConfig& producer_config));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(SetAttributes, kOpSetAttributes,
-                    void(const SurfaceAttributes& attributes));
-};
-
-struct DisplayManagerProtocol {
-  // Service path.
-  static constexpr char kClientPath[] = "system/vr/display/manager";
-
-  // Op codes.
-  enum {
-    kOpGetSurfaceState = 0,
-    kOpGetSurfaceQueue,
-  };
-
-  // Aliases.
-  using LocalChannelHandle = pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-  using Void = pdx::rpc::Void;
-
-  // Methods.
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetSurfaceState, kOpGetSurfaceState,
-                    std::vector<SurfaceState>(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetSurfaceQueue, kOpGetSurfaceQueue,
-                    LocalChannelHandle(int surface_id, int queue_id));
-};
-
-struct VSyncSchedInfo {
-  int64_t vsync_period_ns;
-  int64_t timestamp_ns;
-  uint32_t next_vsync_count;
-
- private:
-  PDX_SERIALIZABLE_MEMBERS(VSyncSchedInfo, vsync_period_ns, timestamp_ns,
-                           next_vsync_count);
-};
-
-struct VSyncProtocol {
-  // Service path.
-  static constexpr char kClientPath[] = "system/vr/display/vsync";
-
-  // Op codes.
-  enum {
-    kOpWait = 0,
-    kOpAck,
-    kOpGetLastTimestamp,
-    kOpGetSchedInfo,
-    kOpAcknowledge,
-  };
-
-  // Aliases.
-  using Void = pdx::rpc::Void;
-  using Timestamp = int64_t;
-
-  // Methods.
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(Wait, kOpWait, Timestamp(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetLastTimestamp, kOpGetLastTimestamp, Timestamp(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(GetSchedInfo, kOpGetSchedInfo, VSyncSchedInfo(Void));
-  PDX_REMOTE_METHOD(Acknowledge, kOpAcknowledge, void(Void));
-};
-
-}  // namespace display
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_DISPLAY_PROTOCOL_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/shared_buffer_helpers.h b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/shared_buffer_helpers.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 20541a6..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/shared_buffer_helpers.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SHARED_BUFFER_HELPERS_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SHARED_BUFFER_HELPERS_H_
-
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <tuple>
-
-#include <libbroadcastring/broadcast_ring.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_client.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// The buffer usage type for mapped shared buffers.
-enum class CPUUsageMode { READ_OFTEN, READ_RARELY, WRITE_OFTEN, WRITE_RARELY };
-
-// Holds the memory for the mapped shared buffer. Unlocks and releases the
-// underlying IonBuffer in destructor.
-class CPUMappedBuffer {
- public:
-  // This constructor will create a display client and get the buffer from it.
-  CPUMappedBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key, CPUUsageMode mode);
-
-  // If you already have the IonBuffer, use this. It will take ownership.
-  CPUMappedBuffer(std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer> buffer, CPUUsageMode mode);
-
-  // Use this if you do not want to take ownership.
-  CPUMappedBuffer(IonBuffer* buffer, CPUUsageMode mode);
-
-  ~CPUMappedBuffer();
-
-  // Getters.
-  size_t Size() const { return size_; }
-  void* Address() const { return address_; }
-  bool IsMapped() const { return Address() != nullptr; }
-
-  // Attempt mapping this buffer to the CPU addressable space.
-  // This will create a display client and see if the buffer exists.
-  // If the buffer has not been setup yet, you will need to try again later.
-  void TryMapping();
-
- protected:
-  // The memory area if we managed to map it.
-  size_t size_ = 0;
-  void* address_ = nullptr;
-
-  // If we are polling the display client, the buffer key here.
-  DvrGlobalBufferKey buffer_key_;
-
-  // If we just own the IonBuffer outright, it's here.
-  std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer> owned_buffer_ = nullptr;
-
-  // The last time we connected to the display service.
-  int64_t last_display_service_connection_ns_ = 0;
-
-  // If we do not own the IonBuffer, it's here
-  IonBuffer* buffer_ = nullptr;
-
-  // The usage mode.
-  CPUUsageMode usage_mode_ = CPUUsageMode::READ_OFTEN;
-};
-
-// Represents a broadcast ring inside a mapped shared memory buffer.
-// If has the same set of constructors as CPUMappedBuffer.
-// The template argument is the concrete BroadcastRing class that this buffer
-// holds.
-template <class RingType>
-class CPUMappedBroadcastRing : public CPUMappedBuffer {
- public:
-  CPUMappedBroadcastRing(DvrGlobalBufferKey key, CPUUsageMode mode)
-      : CPUMappedBuffer(key, mode) {}
-
-  CPUMappedBroadcastRing(std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer> buffer, CPUUsageMode mode)
-      : CPUMappedBuffer(std::move(buffer), mode) {}
-
-  CPUMappedBroadcastRing(IonBuffer* buffer, CPUUsageMode mode)
-      : CPUMappedBuffer(buffer, mode) {}
-
-  // Helper function for publishing records in the ring.
-  void Publish(const typename RingType::Record& record) {
-    assert((usage_mode_ == CPUUsageMode::WRITE_OFTEN) ||
-           (usage_mode_ == CPUUsageMode::WRITE_RARELY));
-
-    auto ring = Ring();
-    if (ring) {
-      ring->Put(record);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Helper function for getting records from the ring.
-  // Returns true if we were able to retrieve the latest.
-  bool GetNewest(typename RingType::Record* record) {
-    assert((usage_mode_ == CPUUsageMode::READ_OFTEN) ||
-           (usage_mode_ == CPUUsageMode::READ_RARELY));
-
-    auto ring = Ring();
-    if (ring) {
-      return ring->GetNewest(&sequence_, record);
-    }
-
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Try obtaining the ring. If the named buffer has not been created yet, it
-  // will return nullptr.
-  RingType* Ring() {
-    // No ring created yet?
-    if (ring_ == nullptr) {
-      // Not mapped the memory yet?
-      if (IsMapped() == false) {
-        TryMapping();
-      }
-
-      // If have the memory mapped, allocate the ring.
-      if (IsMapped()) {
-        switch (usage_mode_) {
-          case CPUUsageMode::READ_OFTEN:
-          case CPUUsageMode::READ_RARELY: {
-            RingType ring;
-            bool import_ok;
-            std::tie(ring, import_ok) = RingType::Import(address_, size_);
-            if (import_ok) {
-              ring_ = std::make_unique<RingType>(ring);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case CPUUsageMode::WRITE_OFTEN:
-          case CPUUsageMode::WRITE_RARELY:
-            ring_ =
-                std::make_unique<RingType>(RingType::Create(address_, size_));
-            break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    return ring_.get();
-  }
-
- protected:
-  std::unique_ptr<RingType> ring_ = nullptr;
-
-  uint32_t sequence_ = 0;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SHARED_BUFFER_HELPERS_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/vsync_service.h b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/vsync_service.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 152464a..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/vsync_service.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_VSYNC_SERVICE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_VSYNC_SERVICE_H_
-
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class IVsyncCallback : public IInterface {
- public:
-  DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(VsyncCallback)
-
-  enum {
-    ON_VSYNC = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION
-  };
-
-  virtual status_t onVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp) = 0;
-};
-
-class BnVsyncCallback : public BnInterface<IVsyncCallback> {
- public:
-  virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
-                              Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0);
-};
-
-// Register a callback with IVsyncService to be notified of vsync events and
-// timestamps. There's also a shared memory vsync buffer defined in
-// dvr_shared_buffers.h. IVsyncService has advantages over the vsync shared
-// memory buffer that make it preferable in certain situations:
-//
-// 1. The shared memory buffer lifetime is controlled by VrCore. IVsyncService
-// is always available as long as surface flinger is running.
-//
-// 2. IVsyncService will make a binder callback when a vsync event occurs. This
-// allows the client to not write code to implement periodic "get the latest
-// vsync" calls, which is necessary with the vsync shared memory buffer.
-//
-// 3. The IVsyncService provides the real vsync timestamp reported by hardware
-// composer, whereas the vsync shared memory buffer only has predicted vsync
-// times.
-class IVsyncService : public IInterface {
-public:
-  DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(VsyncService)
-
-  static const char* GetServiceName() { return "vrflinger_vsync"; }
-
-  enum {
-    REGISTER_CALLBACK = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
-    UNREGISTER_CALLBACK
-  };
-
-  virtual status_t registerCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) = 0;
-  virtual status_t unregisterCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) = 0;
-};
-
-class BnVsyncService : public BnInterface<IVsyncService> {
- public:
-  virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
-                              Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0);
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_VSYNC_SERVICE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/shared_buffer_helpers.cpp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/shared_buffer_helpers.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6ebf487..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/shared_buffer_helpers.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-#include <private/dvr/clock_ns.h>
-#include <private/dvr/shared_buffer_helpers.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace {
-
-// We will not poll the display service for buffers more frequently than this.
-constexpr size_t kDisplayServiceTriesPerSecond = 2;
-}  // namespace
-
-CPUMappedBuffer::CPUMappedBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key, CPUUsageMode mode)
-    : buffer_key_(key), usage_mode_(mode) {
-  TryMapping();
-}
-
-CPUMappedBuffer::CPUMappedBuffer(std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer> buffer,
-                                 CPUUsageMode mode)
-    : owned_buffer_(std::move(buffer)),
-      buffer_(owned_buffer_.get()),
-      usage_mode_(mode) {
-  TryMapping();
-}
-
-CPUMappedBuffer::CPUMappedBuffer(IonBuffer* buffer, CPUUsageMode mode)
-    : buffer_(buffer), usage_mode_(mode) {
-  TryMapping();
-}
-
-CPUMappedBuffer::~CPUMappedBuffer() {
-  if (IsMapped()) {
-    buffer_->Unlock();
-  }
-}
-
-void CPUMappedBuffer::TryMapping() {
-  // Do we have an IonBuffer for this shared memory object?
-  if (buffer_ == nullptr) {
-    // Has it been too long since we last connected to the display service?
-    const auto current_time_ns = GetSystemClockNs();
-    if ((current_time_ns - last_display_service_connection_ns_) <
-        (1e9 / kDisplayServiceTriesPerSecond)) {
-      // Early exit.
-      return;
-    }
-    last_display_service_connection_ns_ = current_time_ns;
-
-    // Create a display client and get the buffer.
-    auto display_client = display::DisplayClient::Create();
-    if (display_client) {
-      auto get_result = display_client->GetGlobalBuffer(buffer_key_);
-      if (get_result.ok()) {
-        owned_buffer_ = get_result.take();
-        buffer_ = owned_buffer_.get();
-      } else {
-        // The buffer has not been created yet. This is OK, we will keep
-        // retrying.
-      }
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("Unable to create display client for shared buffer access");
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (buffer_) {
-    auto usage = buffer_->usage() & ~GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_MASK &
-                 ~GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_MASK;
-
-    // Figure out the usage bits.
-    switch (usage_mode_) {
-      case CPUUsageMode::READ_OFTEN:
-        usage |= GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN;
-        break;
-      case CPUUsageMode::READ_RARELY:
-        usage |= GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_RARELY;
-        break;
-      case CPUUsageMode::WRITE_OFTEN:
-        usage |= GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN;
-        break;
-      case CPUUsageMode::WRITE_RARELY:
-        usage |= GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY;
-        break;
-    }
-
-    int width = static_cast<int>(buffer_->width());
-    int height = 1;
-    const auto ret = buffer_->Lock(usage, 0, 0, width, height, &address_);
-
-    if (ret < 0 || !address_) {
-      ALOGE("Pose failed to map ring buffer: ret:%d, addr:%p", ret, address_);
-      buffer_->Unlock();
-    } else {
-      size_ = width;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/system/CPPLINT.cfg b/libs/vr/libdisplay/system/CPPLINT.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f8a3c0..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/system/CPPLINT.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-filter=-build/header_guard
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/vsync_service.cpp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/vsync_service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 04d4f30..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/vsync_service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#include "include/private/dvr/vsync_service.h"
-
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-status_t BnVsyncCallback::onTransact(
-    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
-  switch (code) {
-    case ON_VSYNC: {
-      CHECK_INTERFACE(IVsyncCallback, data, reply);
-      int64_t vsync_timestamp = 0;
-      status_t result = data.readInt64(&vsync_timestamp);
-      if (result != OK) {
-        ALOGE("onVsync failed to readInt64: %d", result);
-        return result;
-      }
-      onVsync(vsync_timestamp);
-      return OK;
-    }
-    default: {
-      return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-class BpVsyncCallback : public BpInterface<IVsyncCallback> {
-public:
-  explicit BpVsyncCallback(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
-      : BpInterface<IVsyncCallback>(impl) {}
-  virtual ~BpVsyncCallback() {}
-
-  virtual status_t onVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp) {
-    Parcel data, reply;
-    status_t result = data.writeInterfaceToken(
-        IVsyncCallback::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("onVsync failed to writeInterfaceToken: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    result = data.writeInt64(vsync_timestamp);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("onVsync failed to writeInt64: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    result = remote()->transact(BnVsyncCallback::ON_VSYNC, data, &reply,
-                                IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("onVsync failed to transact: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-};
-
-IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(VsyncCallback, "android.dvr.IVsyncCallback");
-
-
-status_t BnVsyncService::onTransact(
-    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
-  switch (code) {
-    case REGISTER_CALLBACK: {
-      CHECK_INTERFACE(IVsyncService, data, reply);
-      sp<IBinder> callback;
-      status_t result = data.readStrongBinder(&callback);
-      if (result != OK) {
-        ALOGE("registerCallback failed to readStrongBinder: %d", result);
-        return result;
-      }
-      registerCallback(interface_cast<IVsyncCallback>(callback));
-      return OK;
-    }
-    case UNREGISTER_CALLBACK: {
-      CHECK_INTERFACE(IVsyncService, data, reply);
-      sp<IBinder> callback;
-      status_t result = data.readStrongBinder(&callback);
-      if (result != OK) {
-        ALOGE("unregisterCallback failed to readStrongBinder: %d", result);
-        return result;
-      }
-      unregisterCallback(interface_cast<IVsyncCallback>(callback));
-      return OK;
-    }
-    default: {
-      return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-class BpVsyncService : public BpInterface<IVsyncService> {
-public:
-  explicit BpVsyncService(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
-      : BpInterface<IVsyncService>(impl) {}
-  virtual ~BpVsyncService() {}
-
-  virtual status_t registerCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) {
-    Parcel data, reply;
-    status_t result = data.writeInterfaceToken(
-        IVsyncService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("registerCallback failed to writeInterfaceToken: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    result = data.writeStrongBinder(IInterface::asBinder(callback));
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("registerCallback failed to writeStrongBinder: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    result = remote()->transact(
-        BnVsyncService::REGISTER_CALLBACK, data, &reply);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("registerCallback failed to transact: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  virtual status_t unregisterCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) {
-    Parcel data, reply;
-    status_t result = data.writeInterfaceToken(
-        IVsyncService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("unregisterCallback failed to writeInterfaceToken: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    result = data.writeStrongBinder(IInterface::asBinder(callback));
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("unregisterCallback failed to writeStrongBinder: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    result = remote()->transact(
-        BnVsyncService::UNREGISTER_CALLBACK, data, &reply);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      ALOGE("unregisterCallback failed to transact: %d", result);
-      return result;
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-};
-
-IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(VsyncService, "android.dvr.IVsyncService");
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 40a5099..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-sourceFiles = [
-    "pose_client.cpp",
-    "latency_model.cpp",
-]
-
-includeFiles = [
-    "include",
-]
-
-staticLibraries = [
-    "libdisplay",
-    "libdvrcommon",
-    "libbroadcastring",
-]
-
-sharedLibraries = [
-    "libbase",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "libhardware",
-    "liblog",
-    "libutils",
-    "libui",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-]
-
-cc_library {
-    srcs: sourceFiles,
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-macro-redefined",
-    ],
-    export_include_dirs: includeFiles,
-    static_libs: staticLibraries,
-    shared_libs: sharedLibraries,
-    header_libs: ["libdvr_headers"],
-    name: "libvrsensor",
-}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/CPPLINT.cfg b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/CPPLINT.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f8a3c0..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/CPPLINT.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-filter=-build/header_guard
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/dvr/pose_client.h b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/dvr/pose_client.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b663a67..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/dvr/pose_client.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_POSE_CLIENT_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_POSE_CLIENT_H_
-
-#ifdef __ARM_NEON
-#include <arm_neon.h>
-#else
-#ifndef __FLOAT32X4T_86
-#define __FLOAT32X4T_86
-typedef float float32x4_t __attribute__ ((__vector_size__ (16)));
-typedef struct float32x4x4_t { float32x4_t val[4]; } float32x4x4_t;
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_pose.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-typedef struct DvrPoseClient DvrPoseClient;
-
-// Returned by the async pose ring buffer access API.
-typedef struct DvrPoseRingBufferInfo {
-  // Read-only pointer to the pose ring buffer. The current pose is in this
-  // buffer at element buffer[current_frame & (buffer_size - 1)]. The next
-  // frame's forecasted pose is at element
-  // ((current_frame + 1) & (buffer_size - 1)). And so on. The poses are
-  // predicted for when 50% of the corresponding frame's pixel data is visible
-  // to the user.
-  // The last value returned by dvrPresent is the count for the next frame,
-  // which is the earliest that the application could display something if they
-  // were to render promptly. (TODO(jbates) move this comment to dvrPresent).
-  volatile const DvrPoseAsync* buffer;
-  // Minimum number of accurate forecasted poses including the current frame's
-  // pose. This is the number of poses that are udpated by the pose service.
-  // If the application reads past this count, they will get a stale prediction
-  // from a previous frame. Guaranteed to be at least 2.
-  uint32_t min_future_count;
-  // Number of elements in buffer. At least 8 and greater than min_future_count.
-  // Guaranteed to be a power of two. The total size of the buffer in bytes is:
-  //   total_count * sizeof(DvrPoseAsync)
-  uint32_t total_count;
-} DvrPoseRingBufferInfo;
-
-typedef enum DvrPoseMode {
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_6DOF = 0,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_3DOF,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_FROZEN,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_HEAD_TURN_SLOW,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_HEAD_TURN_FAST,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_ROTATE_SLOW,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_ROTATE_MEDIUM,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_ROTATE_FAST,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_CIRCLE_STRAFE,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_FLOAT,
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_MOCK_MOTION_SICKNESS,
-
-  // Always last.
-  DVR_POSE_MODE_COUNT,
-} DvrPoseMode;
-
-typedef enum DvrControllerId {
-  DVR_CONTROLLER_0 = 0,
-  DVR_CONTROLLER_1 = 1,
-} DvrControllerId;
-
-// Creates a new pose client.
-//
-// @return Pointer to the created pose client, nullptr on failure.
-DvrPoseClient* dvrPoseClientCreate();
-
-// Destroys a pose client.
-//
-// @param client Pointer to the pose client to be destroyed.
-void dvrPoseClientDestroy(DvrPoseClient* client);
-
-// Gets the pose for the given vsync count.
-//
-// @param client Pointer to the pose client.
-// @param vsync_count Vsync that this pose should be forward-predicted to.
-//     Typically this is the count returned by dvrGetNextVsyncCount.
-// @param out_pose Struct to store pose state.
-// @return Zero on success, negative error code on failure.
-int dvrPoseClientGet(DvrPoseClient* client, uint32_t vsync_count,
-                     DvrPoseAsync* out_pose);
-
-// Gets the current vsync count.
-uint32_t dvrPoseClientGetVsyncCount(DvrPoseClient* client);
-
-// Gets the pose for the given controller at the given vsync count.
-//
-// @param client Pointer to the pose client.
-// @param controller_id The controller id.
-// @param vsync_count Vsync that this pose should be forward-predicted to.
-//     Typically this is the count returned by dvrGetNextVsyncCount.
-// @param out_pose Struct to store pose state.
-// @return Zero on success, negative error code on failure.
-int dvrPoseClientGetController(DvrPoseClient* client, int32_t controller_id,
-                               uint32_t vsync_count, DvrPoseAsync* out_pose);
-
-// Enables/disables logging for the controller fusion.
-//
-// @param client Pointer to the pose client.
-// @param enable True starts logging, False stops.
-// @return Zero on success, negative error code on failure.
-int dvrPoseClientLogController(DvrPoseClient* client, bool enable);
-
-// DEPRECATED
-// Polls current pose state.
-//
-// @param client Pointer to the pose client.
-// @param state Struct to store polled state.
-// @return Zero on success, negative error code on failure.
-int dvrPoseClientPoll(DvrPoseClient* client, DvrPose* state);
-
-// Freezes the pose to the provided state.
-//
-// Future poll operations will return this state until a different state is
-// frozen or dvrPoseClientModeSet() is called with a different mode. The timestamp is
-// not frozen.
-//
-// @param client Pointer to the pose client.
-// @param frozen_state State pose to be frozen to.
-// @return Zero on success, negative error code on failure.
-int dvrPoseClientFreeze(DvrPoseClient* client, const DvrPose* frozen_state);
-
-// Sets the pose service mode.
-//
-// @param mode The requested pose mode.
-// @return Zero on success, negative error code on failure.
-int dvrPoseClientModeSet(DvrPoseClient* client, DvrPoseMode mode);
-
-// Gets the pose service mode.
-//
-// @param mode Return value for the current pose mode.
-// @return Zero on success, negative error code on failure.
-int dvrPoseClientModeGet(DvrPoseClient* client, DvrPoseMode* mode);
-
-// Get access to the shared memory pose ring buffer.
-// A future pose at vsync <current> + <offset> is accessed at index:
-//   index = (<current> + <offset>) % out_buffer_size
-// Where <current> was the last value returned by dvrPresent and
-// <offset> is less than or equal to |out_min_future_count|.
-// |out_buffer| will be set to a pointer to the buffer.
-// |out_fd| will be set to the gralloc buffer file descriptor, which is
-//   required for binding this buffer for GPU use.
-// Returns 0 on success.
-int dvrPoseClientGetRingBuffer(DvrPoseClient* client,
-                               DvrPoseRingBufferInfo* out_info);
-
-// Sets enabled state for sensors pose processing.
-//
-// @param enabled Whether sensors are enabled or disabled.
-// @return Zero on success
-int dvrPoseClientSensorsEnable(DvrPoseClient* client, bool enabled);
-
-// Requests a burst of data samples from pose service. The data samples are
-// passed through a shared memory buffer obtained by calling
-// dvrPoseClientGetDataReader().
-//
-// @param DvrPoseDataCaptureRequest Parameters on how to capture data.
-// @return Zero on success.
-int dvrPoseClientDataCapture(DvrPoseClient* client,
-                             const DvrPoseDataCaptureRequest* request);
-
-// Destroys the write buffer queue for the given |data_type|.
-int dvrPoseClientDataReaderDestroy(DvrPoseClient* client, uint64_t data_type);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  // extern "C"
-#endif
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_POSE_CLIENT_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/latency_model.h b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/latency_model.h
deleted file mode 100644
index bf0e687..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/latency_model.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_LATENCY_MODEL_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_LATENCY_MODEL_H_
-
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// This class models the latency from sensors. It will look at the first
-// window_size measurements and return their average after that.
-class LatencyModel {
- public:
-  explicit LatencyModel(size_t window_size);
-  ~LatencyModel() = default;
-
-  void AddLatency(int64_t latency_ns);
-  int64_t CurrentLatencyEstimate() const { return latency_; }
-
- private:
-  size_t window_size_;
-  int64_t latency_sum_ = 0;
-  size_t num_summed_ = 0;
-  int64_t latency_ = 0;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_LATENCY_MODEL_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/pose-ipc.h b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/pose-ipc.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7bf1cd4..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/pose-ipc.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_POSE_IPC_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_POSE_IPC_H_
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-#define DVR_POSE_SERVICE_BASE "system/vr/pose"
-#define DVR_POSE_SERVICE_CLIENT (DVR_POSE_SERVICE_BASE "/client")
-
-enum {
-  DVR_POSE_FREEZE = 0,
-  DVR_POSE_SET_MODE,
-  DVR_POSE_GET_MODE,
-  DVR_POSE_GET_CONTROLLER_RING_BUFFER,
-  DVR_POSE_LOG_CONTROLLER,
-  DVR_POSE_SENSORS_ENABLE,
-  DVR_POSE_GET_TANGO_READER,
-  DVR_POSE_DATA_CAPTURE,
-  DVR_POSE_TANGO_READER_DESTROY,
-};
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  // extern "C"
-#endif
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_POSE_IPC_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/pose_client_internal.h b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/pose_client_internal.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 39592bb..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/include/private/dvr/pose_client_internal.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_POSE_CLIENT_INTERNAL_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_POSE_CLIENT_INTERNAL_H_
-
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
-
-using android::dvr::ConsumerQueue;
-
-typedef struct DvrPoseClient DvrPoseClient;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-int dvrPoseClientGetDataReaderHandle(DvrPoseClient *client, uint64_t data_type,
-                                     ConsumerQueue **queue_out);
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_POSE_CLIENT_INTERNAL_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/latency_model.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/latency_model.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d3a4521..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/latency_model.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#include <private/dvr/latency_model.h>
-
-#include <cmath>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-LatencyModel::LatencyModel(size_t window_size) : window_size_(window_size) {}
-
-void LatencyModel::AddLatency(int64_t latency_ns) {
-  // Not enough samples yet?
-  if (num_summed_ < window_size_) {
-    // Accumulate.
-    latency_sum_ += latency_ns;
-
-    // Have enough samples for latency estimate?
-    if (++num_summed_ == window_size_) {
-      latency_ = latency_sum_ / window_size_;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/pose_client.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrsensor/pose_client.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ff6a09..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrsensor/pose_client.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,368 +0,0 @@
-#define LOG_TAG "PoseClient"
-#include <dvr/dvr_shared_buffers.h>
-#include <dvr/pose_client.h>
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <pdx/client.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/client_channel_factory.h>
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
-#include <private/dvr/consumer_buffer.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_client.h>
-#include <private/dvr/pose-ipc.h>
-#include <private/dvr/shared_buffer_helpers.h>
-
-using android::dvr::ConsumerQueue;
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::Transaction;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace {
-
-typedef CPUMappedBroadcastRing<DvrPoseRing> SensorPoseRing;
-
-constexpr static int32_t MAX_CONTROLLERS = 2;
-}  // namespace
-
-// PoseClient is a remote interface to the pose service in sensord.
-class PoseClient : public pdx::ClientBase<PoseClient> {
- public:
-  ~PoseClient() override {}
-
-  // Casts C handle into an instance of this class.
-  static PoseClient* FromC(DvrPoseClient* client) {
-    return reinterpret_cast<PoseClient*>(client);
-  }
-
-  // Polls the pose service for the current state and stores it in *state.
-  // Returns zero on success, a negative error code otherwise.
-  int Poll(DvrPose* state) {
-    // Allocate the helper class to access the sensor pose buffer.
-    if (sensor_pose_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-      sensor_pose_buffer_ = std::make_unique<SensorPoseRing>(
-          DvrGlobalBuffers::kSensorPoseBuffer, CPUUsageMode::READ_RARELY);
-    }
-
-    if (state) {
-      if (sensor_pose_buffer_->GetNewest(state)) {
-        return 0;
-      } else {
-        return -EAGAIN;
-      }
-    }
-
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  int GetPose(uint32_t vsync_count, DvrPoseAsync* out_pose) {
-    const auto vsync_buffer = GetVsyncBuffer();
-    if (vsync_buffer) {
-      *out_pose =
-          vsync_buffer
-              ->vsync_poses[vsync_count & DvrVsyncPoseBuffer::kIndexMask];
-      return 0;
-    } else {
-      return -EAGAIN;
-    }
-  }
-
-  uint32_t GetVsyncCount() {
-    const auto vsync_buffer = GetVsyncBuffer();
-    if (vsync_buffer) {
-      return vsync_buffer->vsync_count;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  int GetControllerPose(int32_t controller_id, uint32_t vsync_count,
-                        DvrPoseAsync* out_pose) {
-    if (controller_id < 0 || controller_id >= MAX_CONTROLLERS) {
-      return -EINVAL;
-    }
-    if (!controllers_[controller_id].mapped_pose_buffer) {
-      int ret = GetControllerRingBuffer(controller_id);
-      if (ret < 0)
-        return ret;
-    }
-    *out_pose =
-        controllers_[controller_id]
-            .mapped_pose_buffer[vsync_count & DvrVsyncPoseBuffer::kIndexMask];
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  int LogController(bool enable) {
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<int> status = trans.Send<int>(DVR_POSE_LOG_CONTROLLER, &enable,
-                                         sizeof(enable), nullptr, 0);
-    ALOGE_IF(!status, "Pose LogController() failed because: %s",
-             status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ReturnStatusOrError(status);
-  }
-
-  // Freezes the pose to the provided state. Future poll operations will return
-  // this state until a different state is frozen or SetMode() is called with a
-  // different mode.
-  // Returns zero on success, a negative error code otherwise.
-  int Freeze(const DvrPose& frozen_state) {
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<int> status = trans.Send<int>(DVR_POSE_FREEZE, &frozen_state,
-                                         sizeof(frozen_state), nullptr, 0);
-    ALOGE_IF(!status, "Pose Freeze() failed because: %s\n",
-             status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ReturnStatusOrError(status);
-  }
-
-  // Sets the data mode for the pose service.
-  int SetMode(DvrPoseMode mode) {
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<int> status =
-        trans.Send<int>(DVR_POSE_SET_MODE, &mode, sizeof(mode), nullptr, 0);
-    ALOGE_IF(!status, "Pose SetPoseMode() failed because: %s",
-             status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ReturnStatusOrError(status);
-  }
-
-  // Gets the data mode for the pose service.
-  int GetMode(DvrPoseMode* out_mode) {
-    int mode;
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<int> status =
-        trans.Send<int>(DVR_POSE_GET_MODE, nullptr, 0, &mode, sizeof(mode));
-    ALOGE_IF(!status, "Pose GetPoseMode() failed because: %s",
-             status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    if (status)
-      *out_mode = DvrPoseMode(mode);
-    return ReturnStatusOrError(status);
-  }
-
-  int GetTangoReaderHandle(uint64_t data_type, ConsumerQueue** queue_out) {
-    // Get buffer.
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<LocalChannelHandle> status = trans.Send<LocalChannelHandle>(
-        DVR_POSE_GET_TANGO_READER, &data_type, sizeof(data_type), nullptr, 0);
-
-    if (!status) {
-      ALOGE("PoseClient GetTangoReaderHandle() failed because: %s",
-            status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-      *queue_out = nullptr;
-      return -status.error();
-    }
-
-    std::unique_ptr<ConsumerQueue> consumer_queue =
-        ConsumerQueue::Import(status.take());
-    *queue_out = consumer_queue.release();
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  int DataCapture(const DvrPoseDataCaptureRequest* request) {
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<int> status = trans.Send<int>(DVR_POSE_DATA_CAPTURE, request,
-                                         sizeof(*request), nullptr, 0);
-    ALOGE_IF(!status, "PoseClient DataCapture() failed because: %s\n",
-             status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ReturnStatusOrError(status);
-  }
-
-  int DataReaderDestroy(uint64_t data_type) {
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<int> status = trans.Send<int>(DVR_POSE_TANGO_READER_DESTROY,
-                                         &data_type, sizeof(data_type), nullptr,
-                                         0);
-    ALOGE_IF(!status, "PoseClient DataReaderDestroy() failed because: %s\n",
-             status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ReturnStatusOrError(status);
-  }
-
-  // Enables or disables all pose processing from sensors
-  int EnableSensors(bool enabled) {
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<int> status = trans.Send<int>(DVR_POSE_SENSORS_ENABLE, &enabled,
-                                         sizeof(enabled), nullptr, 0);
-    ALOGE_IF(!status, "Pose EnableSensors() failed because: %s\n",
-             status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ReturnStatusOrError(status);
-  }
-
-  int GetRingBuffer(DvrPoseRingBufferInfo* out_info) {
-    // First time mapping the buffer?
-    const auto vsync_buffer = GetVsyncBuffer();
-    if (vsync_buffer) {
-      if (out_info) {
-        out_info->min_future_count = DvrVsyncPoseBuffer::kMinFutureCount;
-        out_info->total_count = DvrVsyncPoseBuffer::kSize;
-        out_info->buffer = vsync_buffer->vsync_poses;
-      }
-      return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    return -EAGAIN;
-  }
-
-  int GetControllerRingBuffer(int32_t controller_id) {
-    if (controller_id < 0 || controller_id >= MAX_CONTROLLERS) {
-      return -EINVAL;
-    }
-    ControllerClientState& client_state = controllers_[controller_id];
-    if (client_state.pose_buffer.get()) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    Transaction trans{*this};
-    Status<LocalChannelHandle> status = trans.Send<LocalChannelHandle>(
-        DVR_POSE_GET_CONTROLLER_RING_BUFFER, &controller_id,
-        sizeof(controller_id), nullptr, 0);
-    if (!status) {
-      return -status.error();
-    }
-
-    auto buffer = ConsumerBuffer::Import(status.take());
-    if (!buffer) {
-      ALOGE("Pose failed to import ring buffer");
-      return -EIO;
-    }
-    constexpr size_t size = DvrVsyncPoseBuffer::kSize * sizeof(DvrPoseAsync);
-    void* addr = nullptr;
-    int ret = buffer->GetBlobReadWritePointer(size, &addr);
-    if (ret < 0 || !addr) {
-      ALOGE("Pose failed to map ring buffer: ret:%d, addr:%p", ret, addr);
-      return -EIO;
-    }
-    client_state.pose_buffer.swap(buffer);
-    client_state.mapped_pose_buffer = static_cast<const DvrPoseAsync*>(addr);
-    ALOGI(
-        "Mapped controller %d pose data translation %f,%f,%f quat %f,%f,%f,%f",
-        controller_id, client_state.mapped_pose_buffer[0].position[0],
-        client_state.mapped_pose_buffer[0].position[1],
-        client_state.mapped_pose_buffer[0].position[2],
-        client_state.mapped_pose_buffer[0].orientation[0],
-        client_state.mapped_pose_buffer[0].orientation[1],
-        client_state.mapped_pose_buffer[0].orientation[2],
-        client_state.mapped_pose_buffer[0].orientation[3]);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-
-  // Set up a channel to the pose service.
-  PoseClient()
-      : BASE(pdx::default_transport::ClientChannelFactory::Create(
-            DVR_POSE_SERVICE_CLIENT)) {
-    // TODO(eieio): Cache the pose and make timeout 0 so that the API doesn't
-    // block while waiting for the pose service to come back up.
-    EnableAutoReconnect(kInfiniteTimeout);
-  }
-
-  PoseClient(const PoseClient&) = delete;
-  PoseClient& operator=(const PoseClient&) = delete;
-
-  const DvrVsyncPoseBuffer* GetVsyncBuffer() {
-    if (mapped_vsync_pose_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-      if (vsync_pose_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-        // The constructor tries mapping it so we do not need TryMapping after.
-        vsync_pose_buffer_ = std::make_unique<CPUMappedBuffer>(
-            DvrGlobalBuffers::kVsyncPoseBuffer, CPUUsageMode::READ_OFTEN);
-      } else if (vsync_pose_buffer_->IsMapped() == false) {
-        vsync_pose_buffer_->TryMapping();
-      }
-
-      if (vsync_pose_buffer_->IsMapped()) {
-        mapped_vsync_pose_buffer_ =
-            static_cast<DvrVsyncPoseBuffer*>(vsync_pose_buffer_->Address());
-      }
-    }
-
-    return mapped_vsync_pose_buffer_;
-  }
-
-  // The vsync pose buffer if already mapped.
-  std::unique_ptr<CPUMappedBuffer> vsync_pose_buffer_;
-
-  // The direct sensor pose buffer.
-  std::unique_ptr<SensorPoseRing> sensor_pose_buffer_;
-
-  const DvrVsyncPoseBuffer* mapped_vsync_pose_buffer_ = nullptr;
-
-  struct ControllerClientState {
-    std::unique_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> pose_buffer;
-    const DvrPoseAsync* mapped_pose_buffer = nullptr;
-  };
-  ControllerClientState controllers_[MAX_CONTROLLERS];
-};
-
-int dvrPoseClientGetDataReaderHandle(DvrPoseClient* client, uint64_t type,
-                                     ConsumerQueue** queue_out) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->GetTangoReaderHandle(type, queue_out);
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-using android::dvr::PoseClient;
-
-extern "C" {
-
-DvrPoseClient* dvrPoseClientCreate() {
-  auto* client = PoseClient::Create().release();
-  return reinterpret_cast<DvrPoseClient*>(client);
-}
-
-void dvrPoseClientDestroy(DvrPoseClient* client) {
-  delete PoseClient::FromC(client);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientGet(DvrPoseClient* client, uint32_t vsync_count,
-                     DvrPoseAsync* out_pose) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->GetPose(vsync_count, out_pose);
-}
-
-uint32_t dvrPoseClientGetVsyncCount(DvrPoseClient* client) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->GetVsyncCount();
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientGetController(DvrPoseClient* client, int32_t controller_id,
-                               uint32_t vsync_count, DvrPoseAsync* out_pose) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->GetControllerPose(controller_id,
-                                                      vsync_count, out_pose);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientLogController(DvrPoseClient* client, bool enable) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->LogController(enable);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientPoll(DvrPoseClient* client, DvrPose* state) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->Poll(state);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientFreeze(DvrPoseClient* client, const DvrPose* frozen_state) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->Freeze(*frozen_state);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientModeSet(DvrPoseClient* client, DvrPoseMode mode) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->SetMode(mode);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientModeGet(DvrPoseClient* client, DvrPoseMode* mode) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->GetMode(mode);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientSensorsEnable(DvrPoseClient* client, bool enabled) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->EnableSensors(enabled);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientDataCapture(DvrPoseClient* client,
-                             const DvrPoseDataCaptureRequest* request) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->DataCapture(request);
-}
-
-int dvrPoseClientDataReaderDestroy(DvrPoseClient* client, uint64_t data_type) {
-  return PoseClient::FromC(client)->DataReaderDestroy(data_type);
-}
-
-}  // extern "C"
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
index d1de551..b885435 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@
     name: "libinputflinger_sources",
     srcs: [
         "InputCommonConverter.cpp",
-        "InputManager.cpp",
         "InputProcessor.cpp",
         "PreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.cpp",
         "UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp",
@@ -116,6 +115,10 @@
         "inputflinger_defaults",
         "libinputflinger_defaults",
     ],
+    srcs: [
+        "InputManager.cpp",
+        // other sources are added via "defaults"
+    ],
     cflags: [
         // TODO(b/23084678): Move inputflinger to its own process and mark it hidden
         //-fvisibility=hidden
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/PreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.cpp b/services/inputflinger/PreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.cpp
index beec2e1..ddd5146 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/PreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/PreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < args.pointerCount; i++) {
         // Make sure we are canceling stylus pointers
         const int32_t toolType = args.pointerProperties[i].toolType;
-        if (toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS ||
-            toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER) {
+        if (isStylusToolType(toolType)) {
             hasStylus = true;
         }
         if (toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING b/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING
index 4a0f2ec..3d7242e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
       "name": "inputflinger_tests"
     },
     {
+      "name": "libchrome-gestures_test"
+    },
+    {
       "name": "libpalmrejection_test"
     },
     {
@@ -41,6 +44,7 @@
           "include-filter": "android.view.cts.input",
           "include-filter": "android.view.cts.MotionEventTest",
           "include-filter": "android.view.cts.PointerCaptureTest",
+          "include-filter": "android.view.cts.TooltipTest",
           "include-filter": "android.view.cts.VerifyInputEventTest"
         }
       ]
@@ -128,6 +132,7 @@
         {
           "include-filter": "android.view.cts.MotionEventTest",
           "include-filter": "android.view.cts.PointerCaptureTest",
+          "include-filter": "android.view.cts.TooltipTest",
           "include-filter": "android.view.cts.VerifyInputEventTest"
         }
       ]
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp b/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp
index ec41025..c170b81 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp
@@ -99,14 +99,17 @@
 }
 
 static int getLinuxToolCode(int toolType) {
-    if (toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS) {
-        return BTN_TOOL_PEN;
+    switch (toolType) {
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS:
+            return BTN_TOOL_PEN;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER:
+            return BTN_TOOL_RUBBER;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER:
+            return BTN_TOOL_FINGER;
+        default:
+            ALOGW("Got tool type %" PRId32 ", converting to BTN_TOOL_FINGER", toolType);
+            return BTN_TOOL_FINGER;
     }
-    if (toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER) {
-        return BTN_TOOL_FINGER;
-    }
-    ALOGW("Got tool type %" PRId32 ", converting to BTN_TOOL_FINGER", toolType);
-    return BTN_TOOL_FINGER;
 }
 
 static int32_t getActionUpForPointerId(const NotifyMotionArgs& args, int32_t pointerId) {
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@
 static std::optional<NotifyMotionArgs> removeStylusPointerIds(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
     std::set<int32_t> stylusPointerIds;
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args.pointerCount; i++) {
-        if (args.pointerProperties[i].toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS) {
+        if (isStylusToolType(args.pointerProperties[i].toolType)) {
             stylusPointerIds.insert(args.pointerProperties[i].id);
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h
index d210e9e..512cb6e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/CancelationOptions.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 /* Specifies which events are to be canceled and why. */
 struct CancelationOptions {
-    enum Mode {
+    enum class Mode {
         CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS = 0,
         CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS = 1,
         CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS = 2,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index ec9701a..7bbfb95 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
         repeatCount(repeatCount),
         downTime(downTime),
         syntheticRepeat(false),
-        interceptKeyResult(KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_UNKNOWN),
+        interceptKeyResult(KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::UNKNOWN),
         interceptKeyWakeupTime(0) {}
 
 KeyEntry::~KeyEntry() {}
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 
     dispatchInProgress = false;
     syntheticRepeat = false;
-    interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_UNKNOWN;
+    interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::UNKNOWN;
     interceptKeyWakeupTime = 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index f801912..3799814 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@
 
     bool syntheticRepeat; // set to true for synthetic key repeats
 
-    enum InterceptKeyResult {
-        INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_UNKNOWN,
-        INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_SKIP,
-        INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_CONTINUE,
-        INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_TRY_AGAIN_LATER,
+    enum class InterceptKeyResult {
+        UNKNOWN,
+        SKIP,
+        CONTINUE,
+        TRY_AGAIN_LATER,
     };
     InterceptKeyResult interceptKeyResult; // set based on the interception result
     nsecs_t interceptKeyWakeupTime;        // used with INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_TRY_AGAIN_LATER
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 7b7c42a..466c51e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@
 using android::gui::TouchOcclusionMode;
 using android::gui::WindowInfo;
 using android::gui::WindowInfoHandle;
-using android::os::IInputConstants;
 using android::os::InputEventInjectionResult;
 using android::os::InputEventInjectionSync;
 
@@ -481,8 +480,7 @@
 
 bool isPointerFromStylus(const MotionEntry& entry, int32_t pointerIndex) {
     return isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS) &&
-            (entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS ||
-             entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER);
+            isStylusToolType(entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].toolType);
 }
 
 // Determines if the given window can be targeted as InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND.
@@ -1034,8 +1032,8 @@
                 KeyEntry& pendingKey = static_cast<KeyEntry&>(*mPendingEvent);
                 if (pendingKey.keyCode == keyEntry.keyCode &&
                     pendingKey.interceptKeyResult ==
-                            KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_TRY_AGAIN_LATER) {
-                    pendingKey.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_UNKNOWN;
+                            KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::TRY_AGAIN_LATER) {
+                    pendingKey.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::UNKNOWN;
                     pendingKey.interceptKeyWakeupTime = 0;
                     needWake = true;
                 }
@@ -1170,17 +1168,18 @@
 
     switch (entry.type) {
         case EventEntry::Type::KEY: {
-            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS, reason);
+            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS, reason);
             synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
             break;
         }
         case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
             const MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(entry);
             if (motionEntry.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) {
-                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS, reason);
+                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS, reason);
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
             } else {
-                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS, reason);
+                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
+                                           reason);
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
             }
             break;
@@ -1335,7 +1334,7 @@
         resetKeyRepeatLocked();
     }
 
-    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, "device was reset");
+    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, "device was reset");
     options.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
     synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
     return true;
@@ -1540,19 +1539,19 @@
     }
 
     // Handle case where the policy asked us to try again later last time.
-    if (entry->interceptKeyResult == KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_TRY_AGAIN_LATER) {
+    if (entry->interceptKeyResult == KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::TRY_AGAIN_LATER) {
         if (currentTime < entry->interceptKeyWakeupTime) {
             if (entry->interceptKeyWakeupTime < *nextWakeupTime) {
                 *nextWakeupTime = entry->interceptKeyWakeupTime;
             }
             return false; // wait until next wakeup
         }
-        entry->interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_UNKNOWN;
+        entry->interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::UNKNOWN;
         entry->interceptKeyWakeupTime = 0;
     }
 
     // Give the policy a chance to intercept the key.
-    if (entry->interceptKeyResult == KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_UNKNOWN) {
+    if (entry->interceptKeyResult == KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::UNKNOWN) {
         if (entry->policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER) {
             sp<IBinder> focusedWindowToken =
                     mFocusResolver.getFocusedWindowToken(getTargetDisplayId(*entry));
@@ -1563,9 +1562,9 @@
             postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
             return false; // wait for the command to run
         } else {
-            entry->interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_CONTINUE;
+            entry->interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::CONTINUE;
         }
-    } else if (entry->interceptKeyResult == KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_SKIP) {
+    } else if (entry->interceptKeyResult == KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::SKIP) {
         if (*dropReason == DropReason::NOT_DROPPED) {
             *dropReason = DropReason::POLICY;
         }
@@ -1724,9 +1723,9 @@
         return true;
     }
     if (injectionResult != InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED) {
-        CancelationOptions::Mode mode(isPointerEvent
-                                              ? CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS
-                                              : CancelationOptions::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS);
+        CancelationOptions::Mode mode(
+                isPointerEvent ? CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS
+                               : CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS);
         CancelationOptions options(mode, "input event injection failed");
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForMonitorsLocked(options);
         return true;
@@ -1737,7 +1736,7 @@
 
     // Dispatch the motion.
     if (conflictingPointerActions) {
-        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                    "conflicting pointer actions");
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
     }
@@ -1770,15 +1769,16 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::logOutboundMotionDetails(const char* prefix, const MotionEntry& entry) {
     if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
-        ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32
+        ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=%s, displayId=%" PRId32
               ", policyFlags=0x%x, "
               "action=%s, actionButton=0x%x, flags=0x%x, "
               "metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x,"
               "edgeFlags=0x%x, xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, downTime=%" PRId64,
-              prefix, entry.eventTime, entry.deviceId, entry.source, entry.displayId,
-              entry.policyFlags, MotionEvent::actionToString(entry.action).c_str(),
-              entry.actionButton, entry.flags, entry.metaState, entry.buttonState, entry.edgeFlags,
-              entry.xPrecision, entry.yPrecision, entry.downTime);
+              prefix, entry.eventTime, entry.deviceId,
+              inputEventSourceToString(entry.source).c_str(), entry.displayId, entry.policyFlags,
+              MotionEvent::actionToString(entry.action).c_str(), entry.actionButton, entry.flags,
+              entry.metaState, entry.buttonState, entry.edgeFlags, entry.xPrecision,
+              entry.yPrecision, entry.downTime);
 
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entry.pointerCount; i++) {
             ALOGD("  Pointer %d: id=%d, toolType=%d, "
@@ -1837,7 +1837,7 @@
     ALOGW("Canceling events for %s because it is unresponsive",
           connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str());
     if (connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
-        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS,
+        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS,
                                    "application not responding");
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
     }
@@ -2306,6 +2306,20 @@
                                                  entry.eventTime);
             }
         }
+
+        // Update the pointerIds for non-splittable when it received pointer down.
+        if (!isSplit && maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN) {
+            // If no split, we suppose all touched windows should receive pointer down.
+            const int32_t pointerIndex = getMotionEventActionPointerIndex(action);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < tempTouchState.windows.size(); i++) {
+                TouchedWindow& touchedWindow = tempTouchState.windows[i];
+                // Ignore drag window for it should just track one pointer.
+                if (mDragState && mDragState->dragWindow == touchedWindow.windowHandle) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                touchedWindow.pointerIds.markBit(entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // Update dispatching for hover enter and exit.
@@ -2415,12 +2429,14 @@
                 if (info->displayId == displayId &&
                     windowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
                             WindowInfo::InputConfig::IS_WALLPAPER)) {
+                    BitSet32 pointerIds;
+                    pointerIds.markBit(entry.pointerProperties[0].id);
                     tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(windowHandle,
                                                      InputTarget::Flags::WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED |
                                                              InputTarget::Flags::
                                                                      WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED |
                                                              InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_IS,
-                                                     BitSet32(0), entry.eventTime);
+                                                     pointerIds, entry.eventTime);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2480,17 +2496,6 @@
             }
             i += 1;
         }
-    } else if (!isSplit && maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN) {
-        // If no split, we suppose all touched windows should receive pointer down.
-        const int32_t pointerIndex = getMotionEventActionPointerIndex(action);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < tempTouchState.windows.size(); i++) {
-            TouchedWindow& touchedWindow = tempTouchState.windows[i];
-            // Ignore drag window for it should just track one pointer.
-            if (mDragState && mDragState->dragWindow == touchedWindow.windowHandle) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            touchedWindow.pointerIds.markBit(entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id);
-        }
     }
 
     // Save changes unless the action was scroll in which case the temporary touch
@@ -2503,6 +2508,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (tempTouchState.windows.empty()) {
+        mTouchStatesByDisplay.erase(displayId);
+    }
+
     // Update hover state.
     mLastHoverWindowHandle = newHoverWindowHandle;
 
@@ -4796,10 +4805,13 @@
     updateWindowHandlesForDisplayLocked(windowInfoHandles, displayId);
 
     const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
-    if (mLastHoverWindowHandle &&
-        std::find(windowHandles.begin(), windowHandles.end(), mLastHoverWindowHandle) ==
-                windowHandles.end()) {
-        mLastHoverWindowHandle = nullptr;
+    if (mLastHoverWindowHandle) {
+        const WindowInfo* lastHoverWindowInfo = mLastHoverWindowHandle->getInfo();
+        if (lastHoverWindowInfo->displayId == displayId &&
+            std::find(windowHandles.begin(), windowHandles.end(), mLastHoverWindowHandle) ==
+                    windowHandles.end()) {
+            mLastHoverWindowHandle = nullptr;
+        }
     }
 
     std::optional<FocusResolver::FocusChanges> changes =
@@ -4822,7 +4834,7 @@
                 std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> touchedInputChannel =
                         getInputChannelLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle->getToken());
                 if (touchedInputChannel != nullptr) {
-                    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+                    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                                "touched window was removed");
                     synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(touchedInputChannel, options);
                     // Since we are about to drop the touch, cancel the events for the wallpaper as
@@ -4868,7 +4880,7 @@
             std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel =
                     getInputChannelLocked(newWindowHandle->getToken());
             if (inputChannel != nullptr) {
-                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                            "touched window's orientation changed");
                 synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(inputChannel, options);
             }
@@ -4949,7 +4961,7 @@
                         getInputChannelLocked(oldFocusedWindowToken);
                 if (inputChannel != nullptr) {
                     CancelationOptions
-                            options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
+                            options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                     "The display which contains this window no longer has focus.");
                     options.displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
                     synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(inputChannel, options);
@@ -5176,7 +5188,7 @@
         if (fromConnection != nullptr && toConnection != nullptr) {
             fromConnection->inputState.mergePointerStateTo(toConnection->inputState);
             CancelationOptions
-                    options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+                    options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                             "transferring touch focus from this window to another window");
             synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(fromConnection, options);
             synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(downTimeInTarget, toConnection);
@@ -5250,7 +5262,7 @@
         ALOGD("Resetting and dropping all events (%s).", reason);
     }
 
-    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, reason);
+    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, reason);
     synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
 
     resetKeyRepeatLocked();
@@ -5431,9 +5443,7 @@
 
     if (!mReplacedKeys.empty()) {
         dump += INDENT "ReplacedKeys:\n";
-        for (const std::pair<KeyReplacement, int32_t>& pair : mReplacedKeys) {
-            const KeyReplacement& replacement = pair.first;
-            int32_t newKeyCode = pair.second;
+        for (const auto& [replacement, newKeyCode] : mReplacedKeys) {
             dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "originalKeyCode=%d, deviceId=%d -> newKeyCode=%d\n",
                                  replacement.keyCode, replacement.deviceId, newKeyCode);
         }
@@ -5677,7 +5687,7 @@
     TouchState& state = *statePtr;
     TouchedWindow& window = *windowPtr;
     // Send cancel events to all the input channels we're stealing from.
-    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                "input channel stole pointer stream");
     options.deviceId = state.deviceId;
     options.displayId = displayId;
@@ -5963,11 +5973,11 @@
     } // acquire lock
 
     if (delay < 0) {
-        entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_SKIP;
+        entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::SKIP;
     } else if (delay == 0) {
-        entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_CONTINUE;
+        entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::CONTINUE;
     } else {
-        entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_TRY_AGAIN_LATER;
+        entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::TRY_AGAIN_LATER;
         entry.interceptKeyWakeupTime = now() + delay;
     }
 }
@@ -6077,7 +6087,7 @@
 
             // Cancel the fallback key.
             if (fallbackKeyCode != AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN) {
-                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS,
+                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS,
                                            "application handled the original non-fallback key "
                                            "or is no longer a foreground target, "
                                            "canceling previously dispatched fallback key");
@@ -6154,7 +6164,7 @@
                 }
             }
 
-            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS,
+            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS,
                                        "canceling fallback, policy no longer desires it");
             options.keyCode = fallbackKeyCode;
             synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
@@ -6307,7 +6317,7 @@
     if (changes.oldFocus) {
         std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> focusedInputChannel = getInputChannelLocked(changes.oldFocus);
         if (focusedInputChannel) {
-            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
+            CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                        "focus left window");
             synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(focusedInputChannel, options);
             enqueueFocusEventLocked(changes.oldFocus, false /*hasFocus*/, changes.reason);
@@ -6447,7 +6457,7 @@
     {
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         ALOGD("Canceling all ongoing pointer gestures on all displays.");
-        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                    "cancel current touch");
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp
index 047c628..563868d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp
@@ -500,10 +500,10 @@
     }
 
     switch (options.mode) {
-        case CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS:
-        case CancelationOptions::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS:
+        case CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS:
+        case CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS:
             return true;
-        case CancelationOptions::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS:
+        case CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS:
             return memento.flags & AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_FALLBACK;
         default:
             return false;
@@ -521,11 +521,11 @@
     }
 
     switch (options.mode) {
-        case CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS:
+        case CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS:
             return true;
-        case CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS:
+        case CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS:
             return memento.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER;
-        case CancelationOptions::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS:
+        case CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_NON_POINTER_EVENTS:
             return !(memento.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
         default:
             return false;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
index ee7da93..114e0bf 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@
 
 std::string TouchState::dump() const {
     std::string out;
-    out += StringPrintf("deviceId=%d, source=0x%08x\n", deviceId, source);
+    out += StringPrintf("deviceId=%d, source=%s\n", deviceId,
+                        inputEventSourceToString(source).c_str());
     if (!windows.empty()) {
         out += "  Windows:\n";
         for (size_t i = 0; i < windows.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
index 484b0d3..76dce63 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
@@ -125,9 +125,12 @@
 
     /**
      * Set the touch mode state.
-     * Touch mode is a global state that apps may enter / exit based on specific
-     * user interactions with input devices.
-     * If true, the device is in touch mode.
+     * Touch mode is a per display state that apps may enter / exit based on specific user
+     * interactions with input devices. If <code>inTouchMode</code> is set to true, the display
+     * identified by <code>displayId</code> will be changed to touch mode. Performs a permission
+     * check if hasPermission is set to false.
+     *
+     * This method also enqueues a a TouchModeEntry message for dispatching.
      *
      * Returns true when changing touch mode state.
      */
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgs.h b/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgs.h
index f28dbf3..c46f905 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgs.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/NotifyArgs.h
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@
 
     NotifyMotionArgs(const NotifyMotionArgs& other);
 
+    NotifyMotionArgs& operator=(const android::NotifyMotionArgs&) = default;
+
     bool operator==(const NotifyMotionArgs& rhs) const;
 
     std::string dump() const;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
index 24168a1..cf02016 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "libbatteryservice_headers",
+        "libchrome-gestures_headers",
         "libinputreader_headers",
     ],
     target: {
@@ -97,6 +98,22 @@
     },
 }
 
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libinputreader_static",
+    defaults: [
+        "inputflinger_defaults",
+        "libinputreader_defaults",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libinputflinger_base",
+    ],
+    export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libbatteryservice_headers",
+        "libchrome-gestures_headers",
+        "libinputreader_headers",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libinputreader",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
index f8b1b3f..f04a646 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@
         return false;
     }
     const auto actionIndex = MotionEvent::getActionIndex(motionArgs.action);
-    return motionArgs.pointerProperties[actionIndex].toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS ||
-            motionArgs.pointerProperties[actionIndex].toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER;
+    return isStylusToolType(motionArgs.pointerProperties[actionIndex].toolType);
 }
 
 // --- InputReader ---
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/StylusState.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/StylusState.h
index 8d14d3c..ff15e0c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/StylusState.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/StylusState.h
@@ -24,27 +24,19 @@
 
 struct StylusState {
     /* Time the stylus event was received. */
-    nsecs_t when;
-    /* Pressure as reported by the stylus, normalized to the range [0, 1.0]. */
-    float pressure;
+    nsecs_t when{};
+    /*
+     * Pressure as reported by the stylus if supported, normalized to the range [0, 1.0].
+     * The presence of a pressure value indicates that the stylus is able to tell whether it is
+     * touching the display.
+     */
+    std::optional<float> pressure{};
     /* The state of the stylus buttons as a bitfield (e.g. AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_SECONDARY). */
-    uint32_t buttons;
+    uint32_t buttons{};
     /* Which tool type the stylus is currently using (e.g. AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER). */
-    int32_t toolType;
+    int32_t toolType{AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN};
 
-    void copyFrom(const StylusState& other) {
-        when = other.when;
-        pressure = other.pressure;
-        buttons = other.buttons;
-        toolType = other.toolType;
-    }
-
-    void clear() {
-        when = LLONG_MAX;
-        pressure = 0.f;
-        buttons = 0;
-        toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
-    }
+    void clear() { *this = StylusState{}; }
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
index a4f257c..a1a2af9 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -117,6 +117,10 @@
                          toString(mCursorScrollAccumulator.haveRelativeVWheel()));
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "HaveHWheel: %s\n",
                          toString(mCursorScrollAccumulator.haveRelativeHWheel()));
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "WheelYVelocityControlParameters: %s",
+                         mWheelYVelocityControl.getParameters().dump().c_str());
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "WheelXVelocityControlParameters: %s",
+                         mWheelXVelocityControl.getParameters().dump().c_str());
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "VWheelScale: %0.3f\n", mVWheelScale);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "HWheelScale: %0.3f\n", mHWheelScale);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "DisplayId: %s\n", toString(mDisplayId).c_str());
@@ -296,10 +300,11 @@
     mCursorScrollAccumulator.process(rawEvent);
 
     if (rawEvent->type == EV_SYN && rawEvent->code == SYN_REPORT) {
-        const nsecs_t eventTime =
+        const auto [eventTime, readTime] =
                 applyBluetoothTimestampSmoothening(getDeviceContext().getDeviceIdentifier(),
-                                                   rawEvent->when, mLastEventTime);
-        out += sync(eventTime, rawEvent->readTime);
+                                                   rawEvent->when, rawEvent->readTime,
+                                                   mLastEventTime);
+        out += sync(eventTime, readTime);
         mLastEventTime = eventTime;
     }
     return out;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp
index 56fc5fa..2809939 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/ExternalStylusInputMapper.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,10 @@
 
 void ExternalStylusInputMapper::populateDeviceInfo(InputDeviceInfo* info) {
     InputMapper::populateDeviceInfo(info);
-    info->addMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-                         0.0f);
+    if (mRawPressureAxis.valid) {
+        info->addMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
+                             0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
 }
 
 void ExternalStylusInputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {
@@ -79,13 +81,12 @@
         mStylusState.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS;
     }
 
-    int32_t pressure = mSingleTouchMotionAccumulator.getAbsolutePressure();
     if (mRawPressureAxis.valid) {
-        mStylusState.pressure = float(pressure) / mRawPressureAxis.maxValue;
-    } else if (mTouchButtonAccumulator.isToolActive()) {
-        mStylusState.pressure = 1.0f;
-    } else {
-        mStylusState.pressure = 0.0f;
+        auto rawPressure = static_cast<float>(mSingleTouchMotionAccumulator.getAbsolutePressure());
+        mStylusState.pressure = (rawPressure - mRawPressureAxis.minValue) /
+                static_cast<float>(mRawPressureAxis.maxValue - mRawPressureAxis.minValue);
+    } else if (mTouchButtonAccumulator.hasButtonTouch()) {
+        mStylusState.pressure = mTouchButtonAccumulator.isHovering() ? 0.0f : 1.0f;
     }
 
     mStylusState.buttons = mTouchButtonAccumulator.getButtonState();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
index 844afe0..8e3539c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "InputMapper.h"
 
 #include "InputDevice.h"
+#include "input/PrintTools.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@
 
 void InputMapper::dumpStylusState(std::string& dump, const StylusState& state) {
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "When: %" PRId64 "\n", state.when);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Pressure: %f\n", state.pressure);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Pressure: %s\n", toString(state.pressure).c_str());
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Button State: 0x%08x\n", state.buttons);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Tool Type: %" PRId32 "\n", state.toolType);
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp
index 8e757a5..b193dff 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -119,6 +119,18 @@
             if (outPointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
                 outPointer.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER;
             }
+        } else if (outPointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS && !mStylusMtToolSeen) {
+            mStylusMtToolSeen = true;
+            // The multi-touch device produced a stylus event with MT_TOOL_PEN. Dynamically
+            // re-configure this input device so that we add SOURCE_STYLUS if we haven't already.
+            // This is to cover the case where we cannot reliably detect whether a multi-touch
+            // device will ever produce stylus events when it is initially being configured.
+            if (!isFromSource(mSource, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)) {
+                // Add the stylus source immediately so that it is included in any events generated
+                // before we have a chance to re-configure the device.
+                mSource |= AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS;
+                bumpGeneration();
+            }
         }
         if (shouldSimulateStylusWithTouch() &&
             outPointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER) {
@@ -200,7 +212,7 @@
 }
 
 bool MultiTouchInputMapper::hasStylus() const {
-    return mMultiTouchMotionAccumulator.hasStylus() || mTouchButtonAccumulator.hasStylus() ||
+    return mStylusMtToolSeen || mTouchButtonAccumulator.hasStylus() ||
             shouldSimulateStylusWithTouch();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.h
index ddf9e80..5f8bccf 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.h
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
     // Specifies the pointer id bits that are in use, and their associated tracking id.
     BitSet32 mPointerIdBits;
     int32_t mPointerTrackingIdMap[MAX_POINTER_ID + 1];
+
+    bool mStylusMtToolSeen{false};
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
index 29a1bda..06d4dc3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
@@ -97,35 +97,34 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> RotaryEncoderInputMapper::sync(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
-    PointerCoords pointerCoords;
-    pointerCoords.clear();
-
-    PointerProperties pointerProperties;
-    pointerProperties.clear();
-    pointerProperties.id = 0;
-    pointerProperties.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
 
     float scroll = mRotaryEncoderScrollAccumulator.getRelativeVWheel();
     bool scrolled = scroll != 0;
 
-    // This is not a pointer, so it's not associated with a display.
-    int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
-
-    // Moving the rotary encoder should wake the device (if specified).
-    uint32_t policyFlags = 0;
-    if (scrolled && getDeviceContext().isExternal()) {
-        policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_WAKE;
-    }
-
-    if (mOrientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180) {
-        scroll = -scroll;
-    }
-
     // Send motion event.
     if (scrolled) {
         int32_t metaState = getContext()->getGlobalMetaState();
+        // This is not a pointer, so it's not associated with a display.
+        int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
+
+        if (mOrientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180) {
+            scroll = -scroll;
+        }
+
+        PointerCoords pointerCoords;
+        pointerCoords.clear();
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SCROLL, scroll * mScalingFactor);
 
+        PointerProperties pointerProperties;
+        pointerProperties.clear();
+        pointerProperties.id = 0;
+        pointerProperties.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+
+        uint32_t policyFlags = 0;
+        if (getDeviceContext().isExternal()) {
+            policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_WAKE;
+        }
+
         out.push_back(
                 NotifyMotionArgs(getContext()->getNextId(), when, readTime, getDeviceId(), mSource,
                                  displayId, policyFlags, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL, 0, 0,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
index 0b7ff84..d8a4d34 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
@@ -110,10 +110,11 @@
 // coordinates result in extremely large instantaneous velocities, which can negatively impact
 // user experience. To avoid this, we augment the timestamps so that subsequent event timestamps
 // differ by at least a minimum delta value.
-static nsecs_t applyBluetoothTimestampSmoothening(const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier,
-                                                  nsecs_t currentEventTime, nsecs_t lastEventTime) {
+static std::tuple<nsecs_t /*eventTime*/, nsecs_t /*readTime*/> applyBluetoothTimestampSmoothening(
+        const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier, nsecs_t currentEventTime, nsecs_t readTime,
+        nsecs_t lastEventTime) {
     if (identifier.bus != BUS_BLUETOOTH) {
-        return currentEventTime;
+        return {currentEventTime, readTime};
     }
 
     // Assume the fastest rate at which a Bluetooth touch device can report input events is one
@@ -123,8 +124,14 @@
     // We define a maximum smoothing time delta so that we don't generate events too far into the
     // future.
     constexpr static nsecs_t MAX_BLUETOOTH_SMOOTHING_DELTA = ms2ns(32);
-    return std::min(std::max(currentEventTime, lastEventTime + MIN_BLUETOOTH_TIMESTAMP_DELTA),
-                    currentEventTime + MAX_BLUETOOTH_SMOOTHING_DELTA);
+    const nsecs_t smoothenedEventTime =
+            std::min(std::max(currentEventTime, lastEventTime + MIN_BLUETOOTH_TIMESTAMP_DELTA),
+                     currentEventTime + MAX_BLUETOOTH_SMOOTHING_DELTA);
+    // If we are modifying the event time, treat this event as a synthetically generated event for
+    // latency tracking purposes and use the event time as the read time (zero read latency).
+    const nsecs_t smoothenedReadTime =
+            smoothenedEventTime != currentEventTime ? currentEventTime : readTime;
+    return {smoothenedEventTime, smoothenedReadTime};
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index bf73ce5..5631a10 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "TouchInputMapper.h"
 
 #include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
 
 #include "CursorButtonAccumulator.h"
 #include "CursorScrollAccumulator.h"
@@ -31,13 +32,6 @@
 
 // --- Constants ---
 
-// Maximum amount of latency to add to touch events while waiting for data from an
-// external stylus.
-static constexpr nsecs_t EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT = ms2ns(72);
-
-// Maximum amount of time to wait on touch data before pushing out new pressure data.
-static constexpr nsecs_t TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT = ms2ns(20);
-
 // Artificial latency on synthetic events created from stylus data without corresponding touch
 // data.
 static constexpr nsecs_t STYLUS_DATA_LATENCY = ms2ns(10);
@@ -48,6 +42,19 @@
 
 static const DisplayViewport kUninitializedViewport;
 
+static std::string toString(const Rect& rect) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("Rect{%d, %d, %d, %d}", rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
+}
+
+static std::string toString(const ui::Size& size) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("%dx%d", size.width, size.height);
+}
+
+static bool isPointInRect(const Rect& rect, int32_t x, int32_t y) {
+    // Consider all four sides as "inclusive".
+    return x >= rect.left && x <= rect.right && y >= rect.top && y <= rect.bottom;
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 inline static void swap(T& a, T& b) {
     T temp = a;
@@ -73,6 +80,33 @@
     return value >= 8 ? value - 16 : value;
 }
 
+static std::tuple<ui::Size /*displayBounds*/, Rect /*physicalFrame*/> getNaturalDisplayInfo(
+        const DisplayViewport& viewport, int32_t naturalOrientation) {
+    const auto rotation = ui::toRotation(naturalOrientation);
+
+    ui::Size rotatedDisplaySize{viewport.deviceWidth, viewport.deviceHeight};
+    if (rotation == ui::ROTATION_90 || rotation == ui::ROTATION_270) {
+        std::swap(rotatedDisplaySize.width, rotatedDisplaySize.height);
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform rotate(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(rotation), rotatedDisplaySize.width,
+                         rotatedDisplaySize.height);
+
+    Rect physicalFrame{viewport.physicalLeft, viewport.physicalTop, viewport.physicalRight,
+                       viewport.physicalBottom};
+    physicalFrame = rotate.transform(physicalFrame);
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!physicalFrame.isValid());
+    if (physicalFrame.isEmpty()) {
+        ALOGE("Viewport is not set properly: %s", viewport.toString().c_str());
+        physicalFrame.right =
+                physicalFrame.left + (physicalFrame.width() == 0 ? 1 : physicalFrame.width());
+        physicalFrame.bottom =
+                physicalFrame.top + (physicalFrame.height() == 0 ? 1 : physicalFrame.height());
+    }
+    return {rotatedDisplaySize, physicalFrame};
+}
+
 // --- RawPointerData ---
 
 void RawPointerData::getCentroidOfTouchingPointers(float* outX, float* outY) const {
@@ -99,12 +133,6 @@
         mTouchButtonAccumulator(deviceContext),
         mSource(0),
         mDeviceMode(DeviceMode::DISABLED),
-        mDisplayWidth(-1),
-        mDisplayHeight(-1),
-        mPhysicalWidth(-1),
-        mPhysicalHeight(-1),
-        mPhysicalLeft(0),
-        mPhysicalTop(0),
         mInputDeviceOrientation(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0) {}
 
 TouchInputMapper::~TouchInputMapper() {}
@@ -258,9 +286,12 @@
     dump += INDENT3 "Stylus Fusion:\n";
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "ExternalStylusConnected: %s\n",
                          toString(mExternalStylusConnected));
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "External Stylus ID: %" PRId64 "\n", mExternalStylusId);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Fused External Stylus Pointer ID: %s\n",
+                         toString(mFusedStylusPointerId).c_str());
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "External Stylus Data Timeout: %" PRId64 "\n",
                          mExternalStylusFusionTimeout);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 " External Stylus Buttons Applied: 0x%08x",
+                         mExternalStylusButtonsApplied);
     dump += INDENT3 "External Stylus State:\n";
     dumpStylusState(dump, mExternalStylusState);
 
@@ -567,7 +598,7 @@
     }
 
     // Size of diagonal axis.
-    const float diagonalSize = hypotf(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+    const float diagonalSize = hypotf(mDisplayBounds.width, mDisplayBounds.height);
 
     // Size factors.
     if (mRawPointerAxes.touchMajor.valid && mRawPointerAxes.touchMajor.maxValue != 0) {
@@ -650,8 +681,8 @@
 
 void TouchInputMapper::initializeOrientedRanges() {
     // Configure X and Y factors.
-    mXScale = float(mDisplayWidth) / mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth();
-    mYScale = float(mDisplayHeight) / mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight();
+    mXScale = float(mDisplayBounds.width) / mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth();
+    mYScale = float(mDisplayBounds.height) / mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight();
     mXPrecision = 1.0f / mXScale;
     mYPrecision = 1.0f / mYScale;
 
@@ -787,13 +818,13 @@
             mOrientedYPrecision = mXPrecision;
 
             mOrientedRanges.x.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayHeight - 1;
+            mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayBounds.height - 1;
             mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mYScale;
 
             mOrientedRanges.y.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayWidth - 1;
+            mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayBounds.width - 1;
             mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mXScale;
@@ -804,13 +835,13 @@
             mOrientedYPrecision = mYPrecision;
 
             mOrientedRanges.x.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayWidth - 1;
+            mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayBounds.width - 1;
             mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mXScale;
 
             mOrientedRanges.y.min = 0;
-            mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayHeight - 1;
+            mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayBounds.height - 1;
             mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
             mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mYScale;
@@ -871,8 +902,7 @@
     }
 
     // Raw width and height in the natural orientation.
-    const int32_t rawWidth = mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth();
-    const int32_t rawHeight = mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight();
+    const ui::Size rawSize{mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth(), mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight()};
     const int32_t rawXResolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution;
     const int32_t rawYResolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution;
     // Calculate the mean resolution when both x and y resolution are set, otherwise set it to 0.
@@ -888,67 +918,16 @@
         mViewport = newViewport;
 
         if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::DIRECT || mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::POINTER) {
-            // Convert rotated viewport to the natural orientation.
-            int32_t naturalPhysicalWidth, naturalPhysicalHeight;
-            int32_t naturalPhysicalLeft, naturalPhysicalTop;
-            int32_t naturalDeviceWidth, naturalDeviceHeight;
+            const auto oldDisplayBounds = mDisplayBounds;
 
             // Apply the inverse of the input device orientation so that the input device is
             // configured in the same orientation as the viewport. The input device orientation will
             // be re-applied by mInputDeviceOrientation.
             const int32_t naturalDeviceOrientation =
                     (mViewport.orientation - static_cast<int32_t>(mParameters.orientation) + 4) % 4;
-            switch (naturalDeviceOrientation) {
-                case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-                    naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
-                    naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
-                    naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.deviceHeight - mViewport.physicalBottom;
-                    naturalPhysicalTop = mViewport.physicalLeft;
-                    naturalDeviceWidth = mViewport.deviceHeight;
-                    naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceWidth;
-                    break;
-                case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
-                    naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
-                    naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
-                    naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.deviceWidth - mViewport.physicalRight;
-                    naturalPhysicalTop = mViewport.deviceHeight - mViewport.physicalBottom;
-                    naturalDeviceWidth = mViewport.deviceWidth;
-                    naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceHeight;
-                    break;
-                case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
-                    naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
-                    naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
-                    naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.physicalTop;
-                    naturalPhysicalTop = mViewport.deviceWidth - mViewport.physicalRight;
-                    naturalDeviceWidth = mViewport.deviceHeight;
-                    naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceWidth;
-                    break;
-                case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0:
-                default:
-                    naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
-                    naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
-                    naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.physicalLeft;
-                    naturalPhysicalTop = mViewport.physicalTop;
-                    naturalDeviceWidth = mViewport.deviceWidth;
-                    naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceHeight;
-                    break;
-            }
 
-            if (naturalPhysicalHeight == 0 || naturalPhysicalWidth == 0) {
-                ALOGE("Viewport is not set properly: %s", mViewport.toString().c_str());
-                naturalPhysicalHeight = naturalPhysicalHeight == 0 ? 1 : naturalPhysicalHeight;
-                naturalPhysicalWidth = naturalPhysicalWidth == 0 ? 1 : naturalPhysicalWidth;
-            }
-
-            mPhysicalWidth = naturalPhysicalWidth;
-            mPhysicalHeight = naturalPhysicalHeight;
-            mPhysicalLeft = naturalPhysicalLeft;
-            mPhysicalTop = naturalPhysicalTop;
-
-            const int32_t oldDisplayWidth = mDisplayWidth;
-            const int32_t oldDisplayHeight = mDisplayHeight;
-            mDisplayWidth = naturalDeviceWidth;
-            mDisplayHeight = naturalDeviceHeight;
+            std::tie(mDisplayBounds, mPhysicalFrameInDisplay) =
+                    getNaturalDisplayInfo(mViewport, naturalDeviceOrientation);
 
             // InputReader works in the un-rotated display coordinate space, so we don't need to do
             // anything if the device is already orientation-aware. If the device is not
@@ -961,20 +940,14 @@
             // For orientation-aware devices that work in the un-rotated coordinate space, the
             // viewport update should be skipped if it is only a change in the orientation.
             skipViewportUpdate = !viewportDisplayIdChanged && mParameters.orientationAware &&
-                    mDisplayWidth == oldDisplayWidth && mDisplayHeight == oldDisplayHeight &&
-                    viewportOrientationChanged;
+                    mDisplayBounds == oldDisplayBounds && viewportOrientationChanged;
 
             // Apply the input device orientation for the device.
             mInputDeviceOrientation =
                     (mInputDeviceOrientation + static_cast<int32_t>(mParameters.orientation)) % 4;
         } else {
-            mPhysicalWidth = rawWidth;
-            mPhysicalHeight = rawHeight;
-            mPhysicalLeft = 0;
-            mPhysicalTop = 0;
-
-            mDisplayWidth = rawWidth;
-            mDisplayHeight = rawHeight;
+            mDisplayBounds = rawSize;
+            mPhysicalFrameInDisplay = Rect{mDisplayBounds};
             mInputDeviceOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
         }
     }
@@ -1006,9 +979,9 @@
     }
 
     if ((viewportChanged && !skipViewportUpdate) || deviceModeChanged) {
-        ALOGI("Device reconfigured: id=%d, name='%s', size %dx%d, orientation %d, mode %d, "
+        ALOGI("Device reconfigured: id=%d, name='%s', size %s, orientation %d, mode %d, "
               "display id %d",
-              getDeviceId(), getDeviceName().c_str(), mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
+              getDeviceId(), getDeviceName().c_str(), toString(mDisplayBounds).c_str(),
               mInputDeviceOrientation, mDeviceMode, mViewport.displayId);
 
         configureVirtualKeys();
@@ -1020,8 +993,8 @@
 
         if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::POINTER) {
             // Compute pointer gesture detection parameters.
-            float rawDiagonal = hypotf(rawWidth, rawHeight);
-            float displayDiagonal = hypotf(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+            float rawDiagonal = hypotf(rawSize.width, rawSize.height);
+            float displayDiagonal = hypotf(mDisplayBounds.width, mDisplayBounds.height);
 
             // Scale movements such that one whole swipe of the touch pad covers a
             // given area relative to the diagonal size of the display when no acceleration
@@ -1057,12 +1030,8 @@
 
 void TouchInputMapper::dumpDisplay(std::string& dump) {
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "%s\n", mViewport.toString().c_str());
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "DisplayWidth: %dpx\n", mDisplayWidth);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "DisplayHeight: %dpx\n", mDisplayHeight);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalWidth: %dpx\n", mPhysicalWidth);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalHeight: %dpx\n", mPhysicalHeight);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalLeft: %d\n", mPhysicalLeft);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalTop: %d\n", mPhysicalTop);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "DisplayBounds: %s\n", toString(mDisplayBounds).c_str());
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalFrame: %s\n", toString(mPhysicalFrameInDisplay).c_str());
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "InputDeviceOrientation: %d\n", mInputDeviceOrientation);
 }
 
@@ -1101,17 +1070,17 @@
         int32_t halfWidth = virtualKeyDefinition.width / 2;
         int32_t halfHeight = virtualKeyDefinition.height / 2;
 
-        virtualKey.hitLeft =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX - halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mDisplayWidth +
+        virtualKey.hitLeft = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX - halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth /
+                        mDisplayBounds.width +
                 touchScreenLeft;
-        virtualKey.hitRight =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX + halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mDisplayWidth +
+        virtualKey.hitRight = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX + halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth /
+                        mDisplayBounds.width +
                 touchScreenLeft;
-        virtualKey.hitTop =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY - halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight / mDisplayHeight +
+        virtualKey.hitTop = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY - halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight /
+                        mDisplayBounds.height +
                 touchScreenTop;
-        virtualKey.hitBottom =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY + halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight / mDisplayHeight +
+        virtualKey.hitBottom = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY + halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight /
+                        mDisplayBounds.height +
                 touchScreenTop;
         mVirtualKeys.push_back(virtualKey);
     }
@@ -1417,9 +1386,10 @@
 
 void TouchInputMapper::resetExternalStylus() {
     mExternalStylusState.clear();
-    mExternalStylusId = -1;
+    mFusedStylusPointerId.reset();
     mExternalStylusFusionTimeout = LLONG_MAX;
     mExternalStylusDataPending = false;
+    mExternalStylusButtonsApplied = 0;
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::clearStylusDataPendingFlags() {
@@ -1469,8 +1439,9 @@
     const RawState& last =
             mRawStatesPending.size() == 1 ? mCurrentRawState : mRawStatesPending.rbegin()[1];
 
-    next.when = applyBluetoothTimestampSmoothening(getDeviceContext().getDeviceIdentifier(), when,
-                                                   last.when);
+    std::tie(next.when, next.readTime) =
+            applyBluetoothTimestampSmoothening(getDeviceContext().getDeviceIdentifier(), when,
+                                               readTime, last.when);
 
     // Assign pointer ids.
     if (!mHavePointerIds) {
@@ -1600,8 +1571,7 @@
             uint32_t id = idBits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
             const RawPointerData::Pointer& pointer =
                     mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.pointerForId(id);
-            if (pointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS ||
-                pointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER) {
+            if (isStylusToolType(pointer.toolType)) {
                 mCurrentCookedState.stylusIdBits.markBit(id);
             } else if (pointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER ||
                        pointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
@@ -1614,8 +1584,7 @@
             uint32_t id = idBits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
             const RawPointerData::Pointer& pointer =
                     mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.pointerForId(id);
-            if (pointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS ||
-                pointer.toolType == AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER) {
+            if (isStylusToolType(pointer.toolType)) {
                 mCurrentCookedState.stylusIdBits.markBit(id);
             }
         }
@@ -1693,29 +1662,41 @@
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::applyExternalStylusButtonState(nsecs_t when) {
-    if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::DIRECT && hasExternalStylus() && mExternalStylusId != -1) {
-        mCurrentRawState.buttonState |= mExternalStylusState.buttons;
+    if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::DIRECT && hasExternalStylus()) {
+        // If any of the external buttons are already pressed by the touch device, ignore them.
+        const int32_t pressedButtons = ~mCurrentRawState.buttonState & mExternalStylusState.buttons;
+        const int32_t releasedButtons =
+                mExternalStylusButtonsApplied & ~mExternalStylusState.buttons;
+
+        mCurrentRawState.buttonState |= pressedButtons;
+        mCurrentRawState.buttonState &= ~releasedButtons;
+
+        mExternalStylusButtonsApplied |= pressedButtons;
+        mExternalStylusButtonsApplied &= ~releasedButtons;
     }
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::applyExternalStylusTouchState(nsecs_t when) {
     CookedPointerData& currentPointerData = mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData;
     const CookedPointerData& lastPointerData = mLastCookedState.cookedPointerData;
+    if (!mFusedStylusPointerId || !currentPointerData.isTouching(*mFusedStylusPointerId)) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    if (mExternalStylusId != -1 && currentPointerData.isTouching(mExternalStylusId)) {
-        float pressure = mExternalStylusState.pressure;
-        if (pressure == 0.0f && lastPointerData.isTouching(mExternalStylusId)) {
-            const PointerCoords& coords = lastPointerData.pointerCoordsForId(mExternalStylusId);
-            pressure = coords.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE);
-        }
-        PointerCoords& coords = currentPointerData.editPointerCoordsWithId(mExternalStylusId);
-        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, pressure);
+    float pressure = lastPointerData.isTouching(*mFusedStylusPointerId)
+            ? lastPointerData.pointerCoordsForId(*mFusedStylusPointerId)
+                      .getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE)
+            : 0.f;
+    if (mExternalStylusState.pressure && *mExternalStylusState.pressure > 0.f) {
+        pressure = *mExternalStylusState.pressure;
+    }
+    PointerCoords& coords = currentPointerData.editPointerCoordsWithId(*mFusedStylusPointerId);
+    coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, pressure);
 
+    if (mExternalStylusState.toolType != AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
         PointerProperties& properties =
-                currentPointerData.editPointerPropertiesWithId(mExternalStylusId);
-        if (mExternalStylusState.toolType != AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
-            properties.toolType = mExternalStylusState.toolType;
-        }
+                currentPointerData.editPointerPropertiesWithId(*mFusedStylusPointerId);
+        properties.toolType = mExternalStylusState.toolType;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1724,34 +1705,48 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    // Check if the stylus pointer has gone up.
+    if (mFusedStylusPointerId &&
+        !state.rawPointerData.touchingIdBits.hasBit(*mFusedStylusPointerId)) {
+        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION, "Stylus pointer is going up");
+        mFusedStylusPointerId.reset();
+        return false;
+    }
+
     const bool initialDown = mLastRawState.rawPointerData.pointerCount == 0 &&
             state.rawPointerData.pointerCount != 0;
-    if (initialDown) {
-        if (mExternalStylusState.pressure != 0.0f) {
-            ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION, "Have both stylus and touch data, beginning fusion");
-            mExternalStylusId = state.rawPointerData.touchingIdBits.firstMarkedBit();
-        } else if (timeout) {
-            ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION, "Timeout expired, assuming touch is not a stylus.");
-            resetExternalStylus();
-        } else {
-            if (mExternalStylusFusionTimeout == LLONG_MAX) {
-                mExternalStylusFusionTimeout = state.when + EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT;
-            }
-            ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION,
-                     "No stylus data but stylus is connected, requesting timeout (%" PRId64 "ms)",
-                     mExternalStylusFusionTimeout);
-            getContext()->requestTimeoutAtTime(mExternalStylusFusionTimeout);
-            return true;
-        }
+    if (!initialDown) {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    // Check if the stylus pointer has gone up.
-    if (mExternalStylusId != -1 && !state.rawPointerData.touchingIdBits.hasBit(mExternalStylusId)) {
-        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION, "Stylus pointer is going up");
-        mExternalStylusId = -1;
+    if (!mExternalStylusState.pressure) {
+        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION, "Stylus does not support pressure, no pointer fusion needed");
+        return false;
     }
 
-    return false;
+    if (*mExternalStylusState.pressure != 0.0f) {
+        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION, "Have both stylus and touch data, beginning fusion");
+        mFusedStylusPointerId = state.rawPointerData.touchingIdBits.firstMarkedBit();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (timeout) {
+        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION, "Timeout expired, assuming touch is not a stylus.");
+        mFusedStylusPointerId.reset();
+        mExternalStylusFusionTimeout = LLONG_MAX;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // We are waiting for the external stylus to report a pressure value. Withhold touches from
+    // being processed until we either get pressure data or timeout.
+    if (mExternalStylusFusionTimeout == LLONG_MAX) {
+        mExternalStylusFusionTimeout = state.when + EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STYLUS_FUSION,
+             "No stylus data but stylus is connected, requesting timeout (%" PRId64 "ms)",
+             mExternalStylusFusionTimeout);
+    getContext()->requestTimeoutAtTime(mExternalStylusFusionTimeout);
+    return true;
 }
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchInputMapper::timeoutExpired(nsecs_t when) {
@@ -1763,7 +1758,7 @@
             out += dispatchPointerGestures(when, readTime, 0 /*policyFlags*/, true /*isTimeout*/);
         }
     } else if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::DIRECT) {
-        if (mExternalStylusFusionTimeout < when) {
+        if (mExternalStylusFusionTimeout <= when) {
             out += processRawTouches(true /*timeout*/);
         } else if (mExternalStylusFusionTimeout != LLONG_MAX) {
             getContext()->requestTimeoutAtTime(mExternalStylusFusionTimeout);
@@ -1774,11 +1769,14 @@
 
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchInputMapper::updateExternalStylusState(const StylusState& state) {
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
-    mExternalStylusState.copyFrom(state);
-    if (mExternalStylusId != -1 || mExternalStylusFusionTimeout != LLONG_MAX) {
-        // We're either in the middle of a fused stream of data or we're waiting on data before
-        // dispatching the initial down, so go ahead and dispatch now that we have fresh stylus
-        // data.
+    const bool buttonsChanged = mExternalStylusState.buttons != state.buttons;
+    mExternalStylusState = state;
+    if (mFusedStylusPointerId || mExternalStylusFusionTimeout != LLONG_MAX || buttonsChanged) {
+        // The following three cases are handled here:
+        // - We're in the middle of a fused stream of data;
+        // - We're waiting on external stylus data before dispatching the initial down; or
+        // - Only the button state, which is not reported through a specific pointer, has changed.
+        // Go ahead and dispatch now that we have fresh stylus data.
         mExternalStylusDataPending = true;
         out += processRawTouches(false /*timeout*/);
     }
@@ -3833,9 +3831,8 @@
     const float yScaled = (y - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
 
     return x >= mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue && x <= mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue &&
-            xScaled >= mPhysicalLeft && xScaled <= (mPhysicalLeft + mPhysicalWidth) &&
             y >= mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue && y <= mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue &&
-            yScaled >= mPhysicalTop && yScaled <= (mPhysicalTop + mPhysicalHeight);
+            isPointInRect(mPhysicalFrameInDisplay, xScaled, yScaled);
 }
 
 const TouchInputMapper::VirtualKey* TouchInputMapper::findVirtualKeyHit(int32_t x, int32_t y) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
index c20f28b..3962b2a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+// Maximum amount of latency to add to touch events while waiting for data from an
+// external stylus.
+static constexpr nsecs_t EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT = ms2ns(72);
+
+// Maximum amount of time to wait on touch data before pushing out new pressure data.
+static constexpr nsecs_t TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT = ms2ns(20);
+
 /* Raw axis information from the driver. */
 struct RawPointerAxes {
     RawAbsoluteAxisInfo x{};
@@ -355,9 +362,14 @@
 
     // State provided by an external stylus
     StylusState mExternalStylusState;
-    int64_t mExternalStylusId;
+    // If an external stylus is capable of reporting pointer-specific data like pressure, we will
+    // attempt to fuse the pointer data reported by the stylus to the first touch pointer. This is
+    // the id of the pointer to which the external stylus data is fused.
+    std::optional<uint32_t> mFusedStylusPointerId;
     nsecs_t mExternalStylusFusionTimeout;
     bool mExternalStylusDataPending;
+    // A subset of the buttons in mCurrentRawState that came from an external stylus.
+    int32_t mExternalStylusButtonsApplied;
 
     // True if we sent a HOVER_ENTER event.
     bool mSentHoverEnter;
@@ -400,17 +412,14 @@
     // The components of the viewport are specified in the display's rotated orientation.
     DisplayViewport mViewport;
 
-    // The width and height are obtained from the viewport and are specified
-    // in the natural orientation.
-    int32_t mDisplayWidth;
-    int32_t mDisplayHeight;
+    // We refer to the display as being in the "natural orientation" when there is no rotation
+    // applied. The display size obtained from the viewport in the natural orientation.
+    // Always starts at (0, 0).
+    ui::Size mDisplayBounds{ui::kInvalidSize};
 
-    // The physical frame is the rectangle in the display's coordinate space that maps to the
+    // The physical frame is the rectangle in the natural display's coordinate space that maps to
     // the logical display frame.
-    int32_t mPhysicalWidth;
-    int32_t mPhysicalHeight;
-    int32_t mPhysicalLeft;
-    int32_t mPhysicalTop;
+    Rect mPhysicalFrameInDisplay{Rect::INVALID_RECT};
 
     // The orientation of the input device relative to that of the display panel. It specifies
     // the rotation of the input device coordinates required to produce the display panel
@@ -783,6 +792,8 @@
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> abortPointerSimple(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime,
                                                            uint32_t policyFlags);
 
+    // Attempts to assign a pointer id to the external stylus. Returns true if the state should be
+    // withheld from further processing while waiting for data from the stylus.
     bool assignExternalStylusId(const RawState& state, bool timeout);
     void applyExternalStylusButtonState(nsecs_t when);
     void applyExternalStylusTouchState(nsecs_t when);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.cpp
index b0cef67..8746729 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.cpp
@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@
 // --- MultiTouchMotionAccumulator ---
 
 MultiTouchMotionAccumulator::MultiTouchMotionAccumulator()
-      : mCurrentSlot(-1), mUsingSlotsProtocol(false), mHaveStylus(false) {}
+      : mCurrentSlot(-1), mUsingSlotsProtocol(false) {}
 
 void MultiTouchMotionAccumulator::configure(InputDeviceContext& deviceContext, size_t slotCount,
                                             bool usingSlotsProtocol) {
     mUsingSlotsProtocol = usingSlotsProtocol;
-    mHaveStylus = deviceContext.hasAbsoluteAxis(ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE);
     mSlots = std::vector<Slot>(slotCount);
 
     mCurrentSlot = -1;
@@ -146,10 +145,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool MultiTouchMotionAccumulator::hasStylus() const {
-    return mHaveStylus;
-}
-
 void MultiTouchMotionAccumulator::warnIfNotInUse(const RawEvent& event, const Slot& slot) {
     if (!slot.mInUse) {
         ALOGW("Received unexpected event (0x%0x, 0x%0x) for slot %i with tracking id %i",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.h
index 625a00f..62bc780 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/MultiTouchMotionAccumulator.h
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@
     void configure(InputDeviceContext& deviceContext, size_t slotCount, bool usingSlotsProtocol);
     void process(const RawEvent* rawEvent);
     void finishSync();
-    bool hasStylus() const;
 
     inline size_t getSlotCount() const { return mSlots.size(); }
     inline const Slot& getSlot(size_t index) const {
@@ -87,7 +86,6 @@
     int32_t mCurrentSlot;
     std::vector<Slot> mSlots;
     bool mUsingSlotsProtocol;
-    bool mHaveStylus;
 
     void resetSlots();
     void warnIfNotInUse(const RawEvent& event, const Slot& slot);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.cpp
index 1891205..bc23a8e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.cpp
@@ -167,4 +167,8 @@
     return mHaveStylus;
 }
 
+bool TouchButtonAccumulator::hasButtonTouch() const {
+    return mHaveBtnTouch;
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.h
index 65b0a62..c2de23c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/accumulator/TouchButtonAccumulator.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     bool isToolActive() const;
     bool isHovering() const;
     bool hasStylus() const;
+    bool hasButtonTouch() const;
 
 private:
     bool mHaveBtnTouch{};
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 611fe3d..2e5bec9 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
         "InputDispatcher_test.cpp",
         "InputReader_test.cpp",
         "LatencyTracker_test.cpp",
+        "NotifyArgs_test.cpp",
         "PreferStylusOverTouch_test.cpp",
         "TestInputListener.cpp",
         "UinputDevice.cpp",
@@ -84,9 +85,6 @@
         "libc++fs",
         "libgmock",
     ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libinputreader",
-    ],
     require_root: true,
     test_options: {
         unit_test: true,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index aaf50ce..f3239ca 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <binder/Binder.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <linux/input.h>
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
 
 using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
+using testing::AllOf;
 
 // An arbitrary time value.
 static constexpr nsecs_t ARBITRARY_TIME = 1234;
@@ -102,6 +104,28 @@
             << MotionEvent::actionToString(receivedAction);
 }
 
+MATCHER_P(WithMotionAction, action, "MotionEvent with specified action") {
+    bool matches = action == arg.getAction();
+    if (!matches) {
+        *result_listener << "expected action " << MotionEvent::actionToString(action)
+                         << ", but got " << MotionEvent::actionToString(arg.getAction());
+    }
+    if (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
+        if (!matches) {
+            *result_listener << "; ";
+        }
+        *result_listener << "expected FLAG_CANCELED to be set with ACTION_CANCEL, but was not set";
+        matches &= (arg.getFlags() & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) != 0;
+    }
+    return matches;
+}
+
+MATCHER_P(WithSource, source, "InputEvent with specified source") {
+    *result_listener << "expected source " << inputEventSourceToString(source) << ", but got "
+                     << inputEventSourceToString(arg.getSource());
+    return arg.getSource() == source;
+}
+
 // --- FakeInputDispatcherPolicy ---
 
 class FakeInputDispatcherPolicy : public InputDispatcherPolicyInterface {
@@ -1205,6 +1229,12 @@
         mInputReceiver->consumeCaptureEvent(hasCapture);
     }
 
+    void consumeMotionEvent(const ::testing::Matcher<MotionEvent>& matcher) {
+        MotionEvent* motionEvent = consumeMotion();
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, motionEvent) << "Did not get a motion event";
+        ASSERT_THAT(*motionEvent, matcher);
+    }
+
     void consumeEvent(int32_t expectedEventType, int32_t expectedAction,
                       std::optional<int32_t> expectedDisplayId,
                       std::optional<int32_t> expectedFlags) {
@@ -1892,6 +1922,64 @@
     wallpaperWindow->assertNoEvents();
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WallpaperWindowReceivesMultiTouch) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Top", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setDupTouchToWallpaper(true);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> wallpaperWindow =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Wallpaper", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->setIsWallpaper(true);
+    constexpr int expectedWallpaperFlags =
+            AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED | AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED;
+    wallpaperWindow->setPreventSplitting(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window, wallpaperWindow}}});
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {50, 50}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+    window->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    const MotionEvent secondFingerDownEvent =
+            MotionEventBuilder(POINTER_1_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                    .displayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT)
+                    .eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER).x(50).y(50))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 1, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER).x(10).y(10))
+                    .build();
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, secondFingerDownEvent, INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+                                InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    window->consumeMotionPointerDown(1);
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionPointerDown(1, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    const MotionEvent secondFingerUpEvent =
+            MotionEventBuilder(POINTER_1_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                    .displayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT)
+                    .eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER).x(50).y(50))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 1, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER).x(10).y(10))
+                    .build();
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, secondFingerUpEvent, INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+                                InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+    window->consumeMotionPointerUp(1);
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionPointerUp(1, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionUp(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {50, 50}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+    window->consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+}
+
 /**
  * On the display, have a single window, and also an area where there's no window.
  * First pointer touches the "no window" area of the screen. Second pointer touches the window.
@@ -2207,6 +2295,101 @@
                          ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /* expectedFlag */);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Inject a mouse hover event followed by a tap from touchscreen.
+ * In the current implementation, the tap does not cause a HOVER_EXIT event.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, MouseHoverAndTouchTap) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 100, 100));
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    // Inject a hover_move from mouse.
+    NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs =
+            generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE,
+                               ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{50, 50}});
+    motionArgs.xCursorPosition = 50;
+    motionArgs.yCursorPosition = 50;
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER),
+                                             WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE),
+                                             WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE))));
+
+    // Tap on the window
+    motionArgs = generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                    ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{10, 10}});
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                                             WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN))));
+
+    motionArgs = generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                    ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{10, 10}});
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                                             WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN))));
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, HoverEnterMoveRemoveWindowsInSecondDisplay) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> windowDefaultDisplay =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "DefaultDisplay",
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    windowDefaultDisplay->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 600, 800));
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> windowSecondDisplay =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "SecondDisplay",
+                                       SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+    windowSecondDisplay->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 600, 800));
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {windowDefaultDisplay}},
+                                  {SECOND_DISPLAY_ID, {windowSecondDisplay}}});
+
+    // Set cursor position in window in default display and check that hover enter and move
+    // events are generated.
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher,
+                                MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE,
+                                                   AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)
+                                        .displayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT)
+                                        .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_MOUSE)
+                                                         .x(300)
+                                                         .y(600))
+                                        .build()));
+    windowDefaultDisplay->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /* expectedFlag */);
+    windowDefaultDisplay->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE,
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /* expectedFlag */);
+
+    // Remove all windows in secondary display and check that no event happens on window in
+    // primary display.
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{SECOND_DISPLAY_ID, {}}});
+    windowDefaultDisplay->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Move cursor position in window in default display and check that only hover move
+    // event is generated and not hover enter event.
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {windowDefaultDisplay}},
+                                  {SECOND_DISPLAY_ID, {windowSecondDisplay}}});
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher,
+                                MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE,
+                                                   AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)
+                                        .displayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT)
+                                        .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_MOUSE)
+                                                         .x(400)
+                                                         .y(700))
+                                        .build()));
+    windowDefaultDisplay->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE,
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /* expectedFlag */);
+    windowDefaultDisplay->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, DispatchMouseEventsUnderCursor) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
 
@@ -2400,6 +2583,43 @@
     window->assertNoEvents();
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, NonSplitTouchableWindowReceivesMultiTouch) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    // Ensure window is non-split and have some transform.
+    window->setPreventSplitting(true);
+    window->setWindowOffset(20, 40);
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({*window->getInfo()}, {});
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {50, 50}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+    window->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    const MotionEvent secondFingerDownEvent =
+            MotionEventBuilder(POINTER_1_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                    .displayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT)
+                    .eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER).x(50).y(50))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 1, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER)
+                                     .x(-30)
+                                     .y(-50))
+                    .build();
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, secondFingerDownEvent, INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+                                InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    const MotionEvent* event = window->consumeMotion();
+    EXPECT_EQ(POINTER_1_DOWN, event->getAction());
+    EXPECT_EQ(70, event->getX(0));  // 50 + 20
+    EXPECT_EQ(90, event->getY(0));  // 50 + 40
+    EXPECT_EQ(-10, event->getX(1)); // -30 + 20
+    EXPECT_EQ(-10, event->getY(1)); // -50 + 40
+}
+
 /**
  * Ensure the correct coordinate spaces are used by InputDispatcher.
  *
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 8aaf066..c72d01f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -388,6 +388,8 @@
         int32_t mGlobalMetaState;
         bool mUpdateGlobalMetaStateWasCalled;
         int32_t mGeneration;
+        std::optional<nsecs_t> mRequestedTimeout;
+        std::vector<InputDeviceInfo> mExternalStylusDevices;
 
     public:
         FakeInputReaderContext(InputReader* reader)
@@ -421,6 +423,29 @@
             mGeneration = ContextImpl::bumpGeneration();
             return mGeneration;
         }
+
+        void requestTimeoutAtTime(nsecs_t when) override { mRequestedTimeout = when; }
+
+        void assertTimeoutWasRequested(nsecs_t when) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(mRequestedTimeout) << "Expected timeout at time " << when
+                                           << " but there was no timeout requested.";
+            ASSERT_EQ(when, *mRequestedTimeout);
+            mRequestedTimeout.reset();
+        }
+
+        void assertTimeoutWasNotRequested() {
+            ASSERT_FALSE(mRequestedTimeout) << "Expected no timeout to have been requested,"
+                                               " but one was requested at time "
+                                            << *mRequestedTimeout;
+        }
+
+        void getExternalStylusDevices(std::vector<InputDeviceInfo>& outDevices) override {
+            outDevices = mExternalStylusDevices;
+        }
+
+        void setExternalStylusDevices(std::vector<InputDeviceInfo>&& devices) {
+            mExternalStylusDevices = devices;
+        }
     } mFakeContext;
 
     friend class InputReaderTest;
@@ -1545,7 +1570,8 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(BTN_GEAR_UP, keyArgs.scanCode);
 }
 
-// --- TouchProcessTest ---
+// --- TouchIntegrationTest ---
+
 class TouchIntegrationTest : public InputReaderIntegrationTest {
 protected:
     const std::string UNIQUE_ID = "local:0";
@@ -1592,6 +1618,14 @@
     InputDeviceInfo mDeviceInfo;
 };
 
+TEST_F(TouchIntegrationTest, MultiTouchDeviceSource) {
+    // The UinputTouchScreen is an MT device that supports MT_TOOL_TYPE and also supports stylus
+    // buttons. It should show up as a touchscreen, stylus, and keyboard (for reporting button
+    // presses).
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS | AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+              mDeviceInfo.getSources());
+}
+
 TEST_F(TouchIntegrationTest, InputEvent_ProcessSingleTouch) {
     NotifyMotionArgs args;
     const Point centerPoint = mDevice->getCenterPoint();
@@ -1858,108 +1892,412 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePolicy->assertStylusGestureNotified(mDeviceInfo.getId()));
 }
 
-TEST_F(TouchIntegrationTest, StylusButtonsGenerateKeyEvents) {
-    mDevice->sendKey(BTN_STYLUS, 1);
-    mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
-                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY))));
+// --- StylusButtonIntegrationTest ---
 
-    mDevice->sendKey(BTN_STYLUS, 0);
-    mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+// Verify the behavior of button presses reported by various kinds of styluses, including buttons
+// reported by the touchscreen's device, by a fused external stylus, and by an un-fused external
+// stylus.
+template <typename UinputStylusDevice>
+class StylusButtonIntegrationTest : public TouchIntegrationTest {
+protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+#endif
+        TouchIntegrationTest::SetUp();
+        mTouchscreen = mDevice.get();
+        mTouchscreenInfo = mDeviceInfo;
+
+        setUpStylusDevice();
+    }
+
+    UinputStylusDevice* mStylus{nullptr};
+    InputDeviceInfo mStylusInfo{};
+
+    UinputTouchScreen* mTouchscreen{nullptr};
+    InputDeviceInfo mTouchscreenInfo{};
+
+private:
+    // When we are attempting to test stylus button events that are sent from the touchscreen,
+    // use the same Uinput device for the touchscreen and the stylus.
+    template <typename T = UinputStylusDevice>
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<UinputTouchScreen, T>, void> setUpStylusDevice() {
+        mStylus = mDevice.get();
+        mStylusInfo = mDeviceInfo;
+    }
+
+    // When we are attempting to stylus buttons from an external stylus being merged with touches
+    // from a touchscreen, create a new Uinput device through which stylus buttons can be injected.
+    template <typename T = UinputStylusDevice>
+    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<UinputTouchScreen, T>, void> setUpStylusDevice() {
+        mStylusDeviceLifecycleTracker = createUinputDevice<T>();
+        mStylus = mStylusDeviceLifecycleTracker.get();
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePolicy->assertInputDevicesChanged());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled());
+        const auto info = findDeviceByName(mStylus->getName());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(info);
+        mStylusInfo = *info;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<UinputStylusDevice> mStylusDeviceLifecycleTracker{};
+
+    // Hide the base class's device to expose it with a different name for readability.
+    using TouchIntegrationTest::mDevice;
+    using TouchIntegrationTest::mDeviceInfo;
+};
+
+using StylusButtonIntegrationTestTypes =
+        ::testing::Types<UinputTouchScreen, UinputExternalStylus, UinputExternalStylusWithPressure>;
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(StylusButtonIntegrationTest, StylusButtonIntegrationTestTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(StylusButtonIntegrationTest, StylusButtonsGenerateKeyEvents) {
+    const auto stylusId = TestFixture::mStylusInfo.getId();
+
+    TestFixture::mStylus->pressKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
+
+    TestFixture::mStylus->releaseKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
-                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY))));
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
 }
 
-TEST_F(TouchIntegrationTest, StylusButtonsSurroundingTouchGesture) {
-    const Point centerPoint = mDevice->getCenterPoint();
+TYPED_TEST(StylusButtonIntegrationTest, StylusButtonsSurroundingTouchGesture) {
+    const Point centerPoint = TestFixture::mTouchscreen->getCenterPoint();
+    const auto touchscreenId = TestFixture::mTouchscreenInfo.getId();
+    const auto stylusId = TestFixture::mStylusInfo.getId();
 
     // Press the stylus button.
-    mDevice->sendKey(BTN_STYLUS, 1);
-    mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+    TestFixture::mStylus->pressKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
-                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY))));
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
 
     // Start and finish a stylus gesture.
-    mDevice->sendSlot(FIRST_SLOT);
-    mDevice->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
-    mDevice->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_PEN);
-    mDevice->sendDown(centerPoint);
-    mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSlot(FIRST_SLOT);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_PEN);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendDown(centerPoint);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
                   WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS),
-                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS),
                   WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS),
-                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
 
-    mDevice->sendTrackingId(INVALID_TRACKING_ID);
-    mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(INVALID_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0))));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0))));
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
 
     // Release the stylus button.
-    mDevice->sendKey(BTN_STYLUS, 0);
-    mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+    TestFixture::mStylus->releaseKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
-                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY))));
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
 }
 
-TEST_F(TouchIntegrationTest, StylusButtonsWithinTouchGesture) {
-    const Point centerPoint = mDevice->getCenterPoint();
+TYPED_TEST(StylusButtonIntegrationTest, StylusButtonsSurroundingHoveringTouchGesture) {
+    const Point centerPoint = TestFixture::mTouchscreen->getCenterPoint();
+    const auto touchscreenId = TestFixture::mTouchscreenInfo.getId();
+    const auto stylusId = TestFixture::mStylusInfo.getId();
+    auto toolTypeDevice =
+            AllOf(WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithDeviceId(touchscreenId));
+
+    // Press the stylus button.
+    TestFixture::mStylus->pressKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
+
+    // Start hovering with the stylus.
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSlot(FIRST_SLOT);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_PEN);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendMove(centerPoint);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+
+    // Touch down with the stylus.
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_PEN);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendDown(centerPoint);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+
+    // Stop touching with the stylus, and start hovering.
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendUp();
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_PEN);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendMove(centerPoint);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+
+    // Stop hovering.
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(INVALID_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE),
+                  WithButtonState(0))));
+    // TODO(b/257971675): Fix inconsistent button state when exiting hover.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeDevice, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+
+    // Release the stylus button.
+    TestFixture::mStylus->releaseKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(StylusButtonIntegrationTest, StylusButtonsWithinTouchGesture) {
+    const Point centerPoint = TestFixture::mTouchscreen->getCenterPoint();
+    const auto touchscreenId = TestFixture::mTouchscreenInfo.getId();
+    const auto stylusId = TestFixture::mStylusInfo.getId();
 
     // Start a stylus gesture.
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSlot(FIRST_SLOT);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_PEN);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendDown(centerPoint);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+
+    // Press and release a stylus button. Each change in button state also generates a MOVE event.
+    TestFixture::mStylus->pressKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+
+    TestFixture::mStylus->releaseKey(BTN_STYLUS);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
+                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY), WithDeviceId(stylusId))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+
+    // Finish the stylus gesture.
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendTrackingId(INVALID_TRACKING_ID);
+    TestFixture::mTouchscreen->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestFixture::mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId))));
+}
+
+// --- ExternalStylusIntegrationTest ---
+
+// Verify the behavior of an external stylus. An external stylus can report pressure or button
+// data independently of the touchscreen, which is then sent as a MotionEvent as part of an
+// ongoing stylus gesture that is being emitted by the touchscreen.
+using ExternalStylusIntegrationTest = TouchIntegrationTest;
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusIntegrationTest, FusedExternalStylusPressureReported) {
+    const Point centerPoint = mDevice->getCenterPoint();
+
+    // Create an external stylus capable of reporting pressure data that
+    // should be fused with a touch pointer.
+    std::unique_ptr<UinputExternalStylusWithPressure> stylus =
+            createUinputDevice<UinputExternalStylusWithPressure>();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePolicy->assertInputDevicesChanged());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled());
+    const auto stylusInfo = findDeviceByName(stylus->getName());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(stylusInfo);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS | AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD, stylusInfo->getSources());
+
+    const auto touchscreenId = mDeviceInfo.getId();
+
+    // Set a pressure value on the stylus. It doesn't generate any events.
+    const auto& RAW_PRESSURE_MAX = UinputExternalStylusWithPressure::RAW_PRESSURE_MAX;
+    stylus->setPressure(100);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+
+    // Start a finger gesture, and ensure it shows up as stylus gesture
+    // with the pressure set by the external stylus.
     mDevice->sendSlot(FIRST_SLOT);
     mDevice->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
-    mDevice->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_PEN);
+    mDevice->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_FINGER);
     mDevice->sendDown(centerPoint);
     mDevice->sendSync();
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0))));
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId), WithPressure(100.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
 
-    // Press and release a stylus button. Each change in button state also generates a MOVE event.
-    mDevice->sendKey(BTN_STYLUS, 1);
-    mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
-                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY))));
+    // Change the pressure on the external stylus, and ensure the touchscreen generates a MOVE
+    // event with the updated pressure.
+    stylus->setPressure(200);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS),
-                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS),
-                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId), WithPressure(200.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
 
-    mDevice->sendKey(BTN_STYLUS, 0);
+    // The external stylus did not generate any events.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasNotCalled());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusIntegrationTest, FusedExternalStylusPressureNotReported) {
+    const Point centerPoint = mDevice->getCenterPoint();
+
+    // Create an external stylus capable of reporting pressure data that
+    // should be fused with a touch pointer.
+    std::unique_ptr<UinputExternalStylusWithPressure> stylus =
+            createUinputDevice<UinputExternalStylusWithPressure>();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePolicy->assertInputDevicesChanged());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled());
+    const auto stylusInfo = findDeviceByName(stylus->getName());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(stylusInfo);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS | AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD, stylusInfo->getSources());
+
+    const auto touchscreenId = mDeviceInfo.getId();
+
+    // Set a pressure value of 0 on the stylus. It doesn't generate any events.
+    const auto& RAW_PRESSURE_MAX = UinputExternalStylusWithPressure::RAW_PRESSURE_MAX;
+    // Send a non-zero value first to prevent the kernel from consuming the zero event.
+    stylus->setPressure(100);
+    stylus->setPressure(0);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+
+    // Start a finger gesture. The touch device will withhold generating any touches for
+    // up to 72 milliseconds while waiting for pressure data from the external stylus.
+    mDevice->sendSlot(FIRST_SLOT);
+    mDevice->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    mDevice->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+    mDevice->sendDown(centerPoint);
+    auto waitUntil = std::chrono::system_clock::now() +
+            std::chrono::milliseconds(ns2ms(EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT));
     mDevice->sendSync();
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithKeyAction(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD),
-                  WithKeyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_PRIMARY))));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0))));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled(waitUntil));
 
-    // Finish the stylus gesture.
+    // Since the external stylus did not report a pressure value within the timeout,
+    // it shows up as a finger pointer.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER), WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
+                  WithPressure(1.f))));
+
+    // Change the pressure on the external stylus. Since the pressure was not present at the start
+    // of the gesture, it is ignored for now.
+    stylus->setPressure(200);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+
+    // Finish the finger gesture.
     mDevice->sendTrackingId(INVALID_TRACKING_ID);
     mDevice->sendSync();
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
-                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0))));
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER))));
+
+    // Start a new gesture. Since we have a valid pressure value, it shows up as a stylus.
+    mDevice->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    mDevice->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+    mDevice->sendDown(centerPoint);
+    mDevice->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS), WithButtonState(0),
+                  WithDeviceId(touchscreenId), WithPressure(200.f / RAW_PRESSURE_MAX))));
+
+    // The external stylus did not generate any events.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasNotCalled());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusIntegrationTest, UnfusedExternalStylus) {
+    const Point centerPoint = mDevice->getCenterPoint();
+
+    // Create an external stylus device that does not support pressure. It should not affect any
+    // touch pointers.
+    std::unique_ptr<UinputExternalStylus> stylus = createUinputDevice<UinputExternalStylus>();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePolicy->assertInputDevicesChanged());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled());
+    const auto stylusInfo = findDeviceByName(stylus->getName());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(stylusInfo);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS | AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD, stylusInfo->getSources());
+
+    const auto touchscreenId = mDeviceInfo.getId();
+
+    // Start a finger gesture and ensure a finger pointer is generated for it, without waiting for
+    // pressure data from the external stylus.
+    mDevice->sendSlot(FIRST_SLOT);
+    mDevice->sendTrackingId(FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    mDevice->sendToolType(MT_TOOL_FINGER);
+    mDevice->sendDown(centerPoint);
+    auto waitUntil = std::chrono::system_clock::now() +
+            std::chrono::milliseconds(ns2ms(EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+    mDevice->sendSync();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mTestListener
+                    ->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                                                        WithToolType(
+                                                                AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER),
+                                                        WithButtonState(0),
+                                                        WithDeviceId(touchscreenId),
+                                                        WithPressure(1.f)),
+                                                  waitUntil));
+
+    // The external stylus did not generate any events.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasNotCalled());
 }
 
 // --- InputDeviceTest ---
@@ -2413,6 +2751,16 @@
         mReader->loopOnce();
     }
 
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> handleTimeout(InputMapper& mapper, nsecs_t when) {
+        std::list<NotifyArgs> generatedArgs = mapper.timeoutExpired(when);
+        for (const NotifyArgs& args : generatedArgs) {
+            mFakeListener->notify(args);
+        }
+        // Loop the reader to flush the input listener queue.
+        mReader->loopOnce();
+        return generatedArgs;
+    }
+
     static void assertMotionRange(const InputDeviceInfo& info,
             int32_t axis, uint32_t source, float min, float max, float flat, float fuzz) {
         const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* range = info.getMotionRange(axis, source);
@@ -6607,6 +6955,360 @@
     }
 }
 
+// --- ExternalStylusFusionTest ---
+
+class ExternalStylusFusionTest : public SingleTouchInputMapperTest {
+public:
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus() {
+        addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+        prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+        prepareButtons();
+        prepareAxes(POSITION);
+        auto& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
+
+        mStylusState.when = ARBITRARY_TIME;
+        mStylusState.pressure = 0.f;
+        mStylusState.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS;
+        mReader->getContext()->setExternalStylusDevices({mExternalStylusDeviceInfo});
+        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE);
+        processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+        return mapper;
+    }
+
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> processExternalStylusState(InputMapper& mapper) {
+        std::list<NotifyArgs> generatedArgs = mapper.updateExternalStylusState(mStylusState);
+        for (const NotifyArgs& args : generatedArgs) {
+            mFakeListener->notify(args);
+        }
+        // Loop the reader to flush the input listener queue.
+        mReader->loopOnce();
+        return generatedArgs;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    StylusState mStylusState{};
+    static constexpr uint32_t EXPECTED_SOURCE =
+            AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS;
+
+    void testStartFusedStylusGesture(SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper) {
+        auto toolTypeSource =
+                AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS));
+
+        // The first pointer is withheld.
+        processDown(mapper, 100, 200);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(
+                ARBITRARY_TIME + EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+        // The external stylus reports pressure. The withheld finger pointer is released as a
+        // stylus.
+        mStylusState.pressure = 1.f;
+        processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN))));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+        // Subsequent pointer events are not withheld.
+        processMove(mapper, 101, 201);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE))));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    }
+
+    void testSuccessfulFusionGesture(SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testStartFusedStylusGesture(mapper));
+
+        // Releasing the touch pointer ends the gesture.
+        processUp(mapper);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE),
+                      WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS))));
+
+        mStylusState.pressure = 0.f;
+        processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    }
+
+    void testUnsuccessfulFusionGesture(SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper) {
+        auto toolTypeSource =
+                AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER));
+
+        // The first pointer is withheld when an external stylus is connected,
+        // and a timeout is requested.
+        processDown(mapper, 100, 200);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(
+                ARBITRARY_TIME + EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+        // If the timeout expires early, it is requested again.
+        handleTimeout(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + 1);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(
+                ARBITRARY_TIME + EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+        // When the timeout expires, the withheld touch is released as a finger pointer.
+        handleTimeout(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + EXTERNAL_STYLUS_DATA_TIMEOUT);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN))));
+
+        // Subsequent pointer events are not withheld.
+        processMove(mapper, 101, 201);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE))));
+        processUp(mapper);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+                AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP))));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    }
+
+private:
+    InputDeviceInfo mExternalStylusDeviceInfo{};
+};
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, UsesBluetoothStylusSource) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+    ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED_SOURCE, mapper.getSources());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, UnsuccessfulFusion) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testUnsuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, SuccessfulFusion_TouchFirst) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testSuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+}
+
+// Test a successful stylus fusion gesture where the pressure is reported by the external
+// before the touch is reported by the touchscreen.
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, SuccessfulFusion_PressureFirst) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+    auto toolTypeSource =
+            AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS));
+
+    // The external stylus reports pressure first. It is ignored for now.
+    mStylusState.pressure = 1.f;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+    // When the touch goes down afterwards, it is reported as a stylus pointer.
+    processDown(mapper, 100, 200);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+    processMove(mapper, 101, 201);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE))));
+    processUp(mapper);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP))));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, FusionIsRepeatedForEachNewGesture) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testSuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testUnsuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testSuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testSuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testUnsuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testUnsuccessfulFusionGesture(mapper));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, FusedPointerReportsPressureChanges) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+    auto toolTypeSource =
+            AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS));
+
+    mStylusState.pressure = 0.8f;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    processDown(mapper, 100, 200);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                  WithPressure(0.8f))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+    // The external stylus reports a pressure change. We wait for some time for a touch event.
+    mStylusState.pressure = 0.6f;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+    // If a touch is reported within the timeout, it reports the updated pressure.
+    processMove(mapper, 101, 201);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithPressure(0.6f))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+    // There is another pressure change.
+    mStylusState.pressure = 0.5f;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+    // If a touch is not reported within the timeout, a move event is generated to report
+    // the new pressure.
+    handleTimeout(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithPressure(0.5f))));
+
+    // If a zero pressure is reported before the touch goes up, the previous pressure value is
+    // repeated indefinitely.
+    mStylusState.pressure = 0.0f;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+    processMove(mapper, 102, 202);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithPressure(0.5f))));
+    processMove(mapper, 103, 203);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithPressure(0.5f))));
+
+    processUp(mapper);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS))));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, FusedPointerReportsToolTypeChanges) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+    auto source = WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE);
+
+    mStylusState.pressure = 1.f;
+    mStylusState.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    processDown(mapper, 100, 200);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(source, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_ERASER))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+    // The external stylus reports a tool change. We wait for some time for a touch event.
+    mStylusState.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+    // If a touch is reported within the timeout, it reports the updated pressure.
+    processMove(mapper, 101, 201);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(source, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+    // There is another tool type change.
+    mStylusState.toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+    // If a touch is not reported within the timeout, a move event is generated to report
+    // the new tool type.
+    handleTimeout(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(source, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER))));
+
+    processUp(mapper);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(source, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER))));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExternalStylusFusionTest, FusedPointerReportsButtons) {
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = initializeInputMapperWithExternalStylus();
+    auto toolTypeSource =
+            AllOf(WithSource(EXPECTED_SOURCE), WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testStartFusedStylusGesture(mapper));
+
+    // The external stylus reports a button change. We wait for some time for a touch event.
+    mStylusState.buttons = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+    // If a touch is reported within the timeout, it reports the updated button state.
+    processMove(mapper, 101, 201);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS),
+                  WithButtonState(AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+
+    // The button is now released.
+    mStylusState.buttons = 0;
+    processExternalStylusState(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasRequested(ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT));
+
+    // If a touch is not reported within the timeout, a move event is generated to report
+    // the new button state.
+    handleTimeout(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + TOUCH_DATA_TIMEOUT);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE),
+                  WithButtonState(0))));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE),
+                  WithButtonState(0))));
+
+    processUp(mapper);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(toolTypeSource, WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP), WithButtonState(0))));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mReader->getContext()->assertTimeoutWasNotRequested());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+}
+
 // --- MultiTouchInputMapperTest ---
 
 class MultiTouchInputMapperTest : public TouchInputMapperTest {
@@ -9127,6 +9829,54 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
 }
 
+TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest, StylusSourceIsAddedDynamicallyFromToolType) {
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+    prepareAxes(POSITION | ID | SLOT | PRESSURE | TOOL_TYPE);
+    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled());
+
+    // Even if the device supports reporting the ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE axis, which could give it the
+    // ability to report MT_TOOL_PEN, we do not report the device as coming from a stylus source.
+    // Due to limitations in the evdev protocol, we cannot say for certain that a device is capable
+    // of reporting stylus events just because it supports ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE.
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, mapper.getSources());
+
+    // However, if the device ever ends up reporting an event with MT_TOOL_PEN, it should be
+    // reported with the stylus source.
+    processId(mapper, FIRST_TRACKING_ID);
+    processToolType(mapper, MT_TOOL_PEN);
+    processPosition(mapper, 100, 200);
+    processPressure(mapper, RAW_PRESSURE_MAX);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                  WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS))));
+
+    // Now that we know the device supports styluses, ensure that the device is re-configured with
+    // the stylus source.
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS, mapper.getSources());
+    {
+        const auto& devices = mReader->getInputDevices();
+        auto deviceInfo =
+                std::find_if(devices.begin(), devices.end(),
+                             [](const InputDeviceInfo& info) { return info.getId() == DEVICE_ID; });
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(deviceInfo == devices.end(), "Cannot find InputDevice");
+        ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS, deviceInfo->getSources());
+    }
+
+    // Ensure the device was not reset to prevent interruptions of any ongoing gestures.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasNotCalled());
+
+    processId(mapper, INVALID_TRACKING_ID);
+    processSync(mapper);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
+            AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP),
+                  WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN | AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS),
+                  WithToolType(AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS))));
+}
+
 // --- MultiTouchInputMapperTest_ExternalDevice ---
 
 class MultiTouchInputMapperTest_ExternalDevice : public MultiTouchInputMapperTest {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/NotifyArgs_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/NotifyArgs_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6715585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/NotifyArgs_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <NotifyArgs.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "android/input.h"
+#include "input/Input.h"
+#include "input/TouchVideoFrame.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+// --- NotifyArgsTest ---
+
+/**
+ * Validate basic copy assignment.
+ */
+TEST(NotifyMotionArgsTest, TestCopyAssignmentOperator) {
+    int32_t id = 123;
+    nsecs_t downTime = systemTime();
+    nsecs_t eventTime = downTime++;
+    nsecs_t readTime = downTime++;
+    int32_t deviceId = 7;
+    uint32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
+    int32_t displayId = 42;
+    uint32_t policyFlags = POLICY_FLAG_GESTURE;
+    int32_t action = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE;
+    int32_t actionButton = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY;
+    int32_t flags = AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED;
+    int32_t metaState = AMETA_SCROLL_LOCK_ON;
+    uint32_t buttonState = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY | AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_SECONDARY;
+    MotionClassification classification = MotionClassification::DEEP_PRESS;
+    int32_t edgeFlags = AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP;
+    uint32_t pointerCount = 2;
+    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
+    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+    float x = 0;
+    float y = 10;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties[i].clear();
+        pointerProperties[i].id = i;
+        pointerProperties[i].toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER;
+
+        pointerCoords[i].clear();
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x++);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, y++);
+    }
+
+    float xPrecision = 1.2f;
+    float yPrecision = 3.4f;
+    float xCursorPosition = 5.6f;
+    float yCursorPosition = 7.8f;
+
+    std::vector<int16_t> videoData = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+    timeval timestamp = {5, 6};
+    TouchVideoFrame frame(2, 2, std::move(videoData), timestamp);
+    std::vector<TouchVideoFrame> videoFrames = {frame};
+    const NotifyMotionArgs args(id, eventTime, readTime, deviceId, source, displayId, policyFlags,
+                                action, actionButton, flags, metaState, buttonState, classification,
+                                edgeFlags, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords,
+                                xPrecision, yPrecision, xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, downTime,
+                                videoFrames);
+
+    NotifyMotionArgs otherArgs{};
+    otherArgs = args;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(args, otherArgs);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.cpp
index 5e47b80..2801072 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.cpp
@@ -69,22 +69,24 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertNotCalled<NotifyKeyArgs>("notifyKey() should not be called."));
 }
 
-void TestInputListener::assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(NotifyMotionArgs* outEventArgs) {
+void TestInputListener::assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(NotifyMotionArgs* outEventArgs,
+                                                    std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             assertCalled<NotifyMotionArgs>(outEventArgs,
-                                           "Expected notifyMotion() to have been called."));
+                                           "Expected notifyMotion() to have been called.",
+                                           waitUntil));
 }
 
 void TestInputListener::assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(
-        const ::testing::Matcher<NotifyMotionArgs>& matcher) {
+        const ::testing::Matcher<NotifyMotionArgs>& matcher, std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil) {
     NotifyMotionArgs outEventArgs;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&outEventArgs));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&outEventArgs, waitUntil));
     ASSERT_THAT(outEventArgs, matcher);
 }
 
-void TestInputListener::assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled() {
+void TestInputListener::assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled(std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            assertNotCalled<NotifyMotionArgs>("notifyMotion() should not be called."));
+            assertNotCalled<NotifyMotionArgs>("notifyMotion() should not be called.", waitUntil));
 }
 
 void TestInputListener::assertNotifySwitchWasCalled(NotifySwitchArgs* outEventArgs) {
@@ -119,15 +121,18 @@
 }
 
 template <class NotifyArgsType>
-void TestInputListener::assertCalled(NotifyArgsType* outEventArgs, std::string message) {
+void TestInputListener::assertCalled(NotifyArgsType* outEventArgs, std::string message,
+                                     std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
     base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
 
     std::vector<NotifyArgsType>& queue = std::get<std::vector<NotifyArgsType>>(mQueues);
     if (queue.empty()) {
-        const bool eventReceived =
-                mCondition.wait_for(lock, mEventHappenedTimeout,
-                                    [&queue]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return !queue.empty(); });
+        const auto time =
+                waitUntil.value_or(std::chrono::system_clock::now() + mEventHappenedTimeout);
+        const bool eventReceived = mCondition.wait_until(lock, time, [&queue]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+            return !queue.empty();
+        });
         if (!eventReceived) {
             FAIL() << "Timed out waiting for event: " << message.c_str();
         }
@@ -139,14 +144,16 @@
 }
 
 template <class NotifyArgsType>
-void TestInputListener::assertNotCalled(std::string message) {
+void TestInputListener::assertNotCalled(std::string message, std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
     base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
 
     std::vector<NotifyArgsType>& queue = std::get<std::vector<NotifyArgsType>>(mQueues);
-    const bool eventReceived =
-            mCondition.wait_for(lock, mEventDidNotHappenTimeout,
-                                [&queue]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return !queue.empty(); });
+    const auto time =
+            waitUntil.value_or(std::chrono::system_clock::now() + mEventDidNotHappenTimeout);
+    const bool eventReceived = mCondition.wait_until(lock, time, [&queue]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        return !queue.empty();
+    });
     if (eventReceived) {
         FAIL() << "Unexpected event: " << message.c_str();
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h
index 87752e1..9665f70 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
                       std::chrono::milliseconds eventDidNotHappenTimeout = 0ms);
     virtual ~TestInputListener();
 
+    using TimePoint = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock>;
+
     void assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled(
             NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* outEventArgs = nullptr);
 
@@ -48,11 +50,13 @@
 
     void assertNotifyKeyWasNotCalled();
 
-    void assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(NotifyMotionArgs* outEventArgs = nullptr);
+    void assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(NotifyMotionArgs* outEventArgs = nullptr,
+                                     std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil = {});
 
-    void assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(const ::testing::Matcher<NotifyMotionArgs>& matcher);
+    void assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(const ::testing::Matcher<NotifyMotionArgs>& matcher,
+                                     std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil = {});
 
-    void assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled();
+    void assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled(std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil = {});
 
     void assertNotifySwitchWasCalled(NotifySwitchArgs* outEventArgs = nullptr);
 
@@ -63,10 +67,11 @@
 
 private:
     template <class NotifyArgsType>
-    void assertCalled(NotifyArgsType* outEventArgs, std::string message);
+    void assertCalled(NotifyArgsType* outEventArgs, std::string message,
+                      std::optional<TimePoint> waitUntil = {});
 
     template <class NotifyArgsType>
-    void assertNotCalled(std::string message);
+    void assertNotCalled(std::string message, std::optional<TimePoint> timeout = {});
 
     template <class NotifyArgsType>
     void addToQueue(const NotifyArgsType* args);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
index 9a47e3e..9db3422 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@
 }
 
 MATCHER_P(WithSource, source, "InputEvent with specified source") {
-    *result_listener << "expected source " << source << ", but got " << arg.source;
+    *result_listener << "expected source " << inputEventSourceToString(source) << ", but got "
+                     << inputEventSourceToString(arg.source);
     return arg.source == source;
 }
 
@@ -55,6 +56,11 @@
     return arg.displayId == displayId;
 }
 
+MATCHER_P(WithDeviceId, deviceId, "InputEvent with specified deviceId") {
+    *result_listener << "expected deviceId " << deviceId << ", but got " << arg.deviceId;
+    return arg.deviceId == deviceId;
+}
+
 MATCHER_P(WithKeyCode, keyCode, "KeyEvent with specified key code") {
     *result_listener << "expected key code " << keyCode << ", but got " << arg.keyCode;
     return arg.keyCode == keyCode;
@@ -70,8 +76,8 @@
 
 MATCHER_P(WithPressure, pressure, "InputEvent with specified pressure") {
     const auto argPressure = arg.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE);
-    *result_listener << "expected pressure " << pressure << ", but got " << pressure;
-    return argPressure;
+    *result_listener << "expected pressure " << pressure << ", but got " << argPressure;
+    return argPressure == pressure;
 }
 
 MATCHER_P(WithToolType, toolType, "InputEvent with specified tool type") {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.cpp
index bc695b8..97a2614 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.cpp
@@ -138,14 +138,36 @@
 UinputExternalStylus::UinputExternalStylus()
       : UinputKeyboard(DEVICE_NAME, PRODUCT_ID, {BTN_STYLUS, BTN_STYLUS2, BTN_STYLUS3}) {}
 
+// --- UinputExternalStylusWithPressure ---
+
+UinputExternalStylusWithPressure::UinputExternalStylusWithPressure()
+      : UinputKeyboard(DEVICE_NAME, PRODUCT_ID, {BTN_STYLUS, BTN_STYLUS2, BTN_STYLUS3}) {}
+
+void UinputExternalStylusWithPressure::configureDevice(int fd, uinput_user_dev* device) {
+    UinputKeyboard::configureDevice(fd, device);
+
+    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_ABS);
+    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_PRESSURE);
+    device->absmin[ABS_PRESSURE] = RAW_PRESSURE_MIN;
+    device->absmax[ABS_PRESSURE] = RAW_PRESSURE_MAX;
+}
+
+void UinputExternalStylusWithPressure::setPressure(int32_t pressure) {
+    injectEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_PRESSURE, pressure);
+    injectEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+}
+
 // --- UinputTouchScreen ---
 
 UinputTouchScreen::UinputTouchScreen(const Rect& size)
-      : UinputDevice(DEVICE_NAME, PRODUCT_ID), mSize(size) {}
+      : UinputKeyboard(DEVICE_NAME, PRODUCT_ID,
+                       {BTN_TOUCH, BTN_TOOL_PEN, BTN_STYLUS, BTN_STYLUS2, BTN_STYLUS3}),
+        mSize(size) {}
 
 void UinputTouchScreen::configureDevice(int fd, uinput_user_dev* device) {
+    UinputKeyboard::configureDevice(fd, device);
+
     // Setup the touch screen device
-    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
     ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_REL);
     ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_ABS);
     ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_SLOT);
@@ -155,10 +177,6 @@
     ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID);
     ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE);
     ioctl(fd, UI_SET_PROPBIT, INPUT_PROP_DIRECT);
-    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_TOUCH);
-    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_STYLUS);
-    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_STYLUS2);
-    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_STYLUS3);
 
     device->absmin[ABS_MT_SLOT] = RAW_SLOT_MIN;
     device->absmax[ABS_MT_SLOT] = RAW_SLOT_MAX;
@@ -210,10 +228,6 @@
     injectEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
 }
 
-void UinputTouchScreen::sendKey(int32_t scanCode, int32_t value) {
-    injectEvent(EV_KEY, scanCode, value);
-}
-
 // Get the center x, y base on the range definition.
 const Point UinputTouchScreen::getCenterPoint() {
     return Point(mSize.left + mSize.width() / 2, mSize.top + mSize.height() / 2);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.h
index d661bd3..51e331d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/UinputDevice.h
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@
     explicit UinputKeyboard(const char* name, int16_t productId = PRODUCT_ID,
                             std::initializer_list<int> keys = {});
 
-private:
     void configureDevice(int fd, uinput_user_dev* device) override;
 
+private:
     std::set<int> mKeys;
 };
 
@@ -143,13 +143,35 @@
     explicit UinputExternalStylus();
 };
 
+// --- UinputExternalStylusWithPressure ---
+
+// A stylus that reports button presses and pressure values.
+class UinputExternalStylusWithPressure : public UinputKeyboard {
+public:
+    static constexpr const char* DEVICE_NAME = "Test Uinput External Stylus With Pressure";
+    static constexpr int16_t PRODUCT_ID = 46;
+
+    static constexpr int32_t RAW_PRESSURE_MIN = 0;
+    static constexpr int32_t RAW_PRESSURE_MAX = 255;
+
+    void setPressure(int32_t pressure);
+
+    template <class D, class... Ts>
+    friend std::unique_ptr<D> createUinputDevice(Ts... args);
+
+private:
+    void configureDevice(int fd, uinput_user_dev* device) override;
+
+    explicit UinputExternalStylusWithPressure();
+};
+
 // --- UinputTouchScreen ---
 
 // A multi-touch touchscreen device with specific size that also supports styluses.
-class UinputTouchScreen : public UinputDevice {
+class UinputTouchScreen : public UinputKeyboard {
 public:
     static constexpr const char* DEVICE_NAME = "Test Uinput Touch Screen";
-    static constexpr int16_t PRODUCT_ID = 46;
+    static constexpr int16_t PRODUCT_ID = 47;
 
     static const int32_t RAW_TOUCH_MIN = 0;
     static const int32_t RAW_TOUCH_MAX = 31;
@@ -171,7 +193,6 @@
     void sendUp();
     void sendToolType(int32_t toolType);
     void sendSync();
-    void sendKey(int32_t scanCode, int32_t value);
 
     const Point getCenterPoint();
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/AidlSensorHalWrapper.cpp b/services/sensorservice/AidlSensorHalWrapper.cpp
index f67c610..f5b360f 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/AidlSensorHalWrapper.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/AidlSensorHalWrapper.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <aidl/sensors/convert.h>
 
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::AdditionalInfo;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::DynamicSensorInfo;
@@ -34,469 +35,16 @@
 using ::android::AidlMessageQueue;
 using ::android::hardware::EventFlag;
 using ::android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::MAX_RECEIVE_BUFFER_EVENT_COUNT;
+using ::android::hardware::sensors::implementation::convertToStatus;
+using ::android::hardware::sensors::implementation::convertToSensor;
+using ::android::hardware::sensors::implementation::convertToSensorEvent;
+using ::android::hardware::sensors::implementation::convertFromSensorEvent;
+
 
 namespace android {
 
 namespace {
 
-status_t convertToStatus(ndk::ScopedAStatus status) {
-    if (status.isOk()) {
-        return OK;
-    } else {
-        switch (status.getExceptionCode()) {
-            case EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT: {
-                return BAD_VALUE;
-            }
-            case EX_SECURITY: {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            case EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION: {
-                return INVALID_OPERATION;
-            }
-            case EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC: {
-                switch (status.getServiceSpecificError()) {
-                    case ISensors::ERROR_BAD_VALUE: {
-                        return BAD_VALUE;
-                    }
-                    case ISensors::ERROR_NO_MEMORY: {
-                        return NO_MEMORY;
-                    }
-                    default: {
-                        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            default: {
-                return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void convertToSensor(const SensorInfo &src, sensor_t *dst) {
-    dst->name = strdup(src.name.c_str());
-    dst->vendor = strdup(src.vendor.c_str());
-    dst->version = src.version;
-    dst->handle = src.sensorHandle;
-    dst->type = (int)src.type;
-    dst->maxRange = src.maxRange;
-    dst->resolution = src.resolution;
-    dst->power = src.power;
-    dst->minDelay = src.minDelayUs;
-    dst->fifoReservedEventCount = src.fifoReservedEventCount;
-    dst->fifoMaxEventCount = src.fifoMaxEventCount;
-    dst->stringType = strdup(src.typeAsString.c_str());
-    dst->requiredPermission = strdup(src.requiredPermission.c_str());
-    dst->maxDelay = src.maxDelayUs;
-    dst->flags = src.flags;
-    dst->reserved[0] = dst->reserved[1] = 0;
-}
-
-void convertToSensorEvent(const Event &src, sensors_event_t *dst) {
-    *dst = {.version = sizeof(sensors_event_t),
-            .sensor = src.sensorHandle,
-            .type = (int32_t)src.sensorType,
-            .reserved0 = 0,
-            .timestamp = src.timestamp};
-
-    switch (src.sensorType) {
-        case SensorType::META_DATA: {
-            // Legacy HALs expect the handle reference in the meta data field.
-            // Copy it over from the handle of the event.
-            dst->meta_data.what = (int32_t)src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::meta>().what;
-            dst->meta_data.sensor = src.sensorHandle;
-            // Set the sensor handle to 0 to maintain compatibility.
-            dst->sensor = 0;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER:
-        case SensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD:
-        case SensorType::ORIENTATION:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE:
-        case SensorType::GRAVITY:
-        case SensorType::LINEAR_ACCELERATION: {
-            dst->acceleration.x = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec3>().x;
-            dst->acceleration.y = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec3>().y;
-            dst->acceleration.z = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec3>().z;
-            dst->acceleration.status = (int32_t)src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec3>().status;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR: {
-            dst->data[0] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec4>().x;
-            dst->data[1] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec4>().y;
-            dst->data[2] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec4>().z;
-            dst->data[3] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::vec4>().w;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ROTATION_VECTOR:
-        case SensorType::GEOMAGNETIC_ROTATION_VECTOR: {
-            dst->data[0] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::data>().values[0];
-            dst->data[1] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::data>().values[1];
-            dst->data[2] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::data>().values[2];
-            dst->data[3] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::data>().values[3];
-            dst->data[4] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::data>().values[4];
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED:
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED: {
-            dst->uncalibrated_gyro.x_uncalib = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::uncal>().x;
-            dst->uncalibrated_gyro.y_uncalib = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::uncal>().y;
-            dst->uncalibrated_gyro.z_uncalib = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::uncal>().z;
-            dst->uncalibrated_gyro.x_bias = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::uncal>().xBias;
-            dst->uncalibrated_gyro.y_bias = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::uncal>().yBias;
-            dst->uncalibrated_gyro.z_bias = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::uncal>().zBias;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::HINGE_ANGLE:
-        case SensorType::DEVICE_ORIENTATION:
-        case SensorType::LIGHT:
-        case SensorType::PRESSURE:
-        case SensorType::PROXIMITY:
-        case SensorType::RELATIVE_HUMIDITY:
-        case SensorType::AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE:
-        case SensorType::SIGNIFICANT_MOTION:
-        case SensorType::STEP_DETECTOR:
-        case SensorType::TILT_DETECTOR:
-        case SensorType::WAKE_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::GLANCE_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::PICK_UP_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::WRIST_TILT_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::STATIONARY_DETECT:
-        case SensorType::MOTION_DETECT:
-        case SensorType::HEART_BEAT:
-        case SensorType::LOW_LATENCY_OFFBODY_DETECT: {
-            dst->data[0] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::scalar>();
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::STEP_COUNTER: {
-            dst->u64.step_counter = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::stepCount>();
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::HEART_RATE: {
-            dst->heart_rate.bpm = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::heartRate>().bpm;
-            dst->heart_rate.status =
-                    (int8_t)src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::heartRate>().status;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::POSE_6DOF: { // 15 floats
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {
-                dst->data[i] = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::pose6DOF>().values[i];
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::DYNAMIC_SENSOR_META: {
-            dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.connected =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::dynamic>().connected;
-            dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.handle =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::dynamic>().sensorHandle;
-            dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.sensor = NULL; // to be filled in later
-
-            memcpy(dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.uuid,
-                   src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::dynamic>().uuid.values.data(), 16);
-
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ADDITIONAL_INFO: {
-            const AdditionalInfo &srcInfo = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::additional>();
-
-            additional_info_event_t *dstInfo = &dst->additional_info;
-            dstInfo->type = (int32_t)srcInfo.type;
-            dstInfo->serial = srcInfo.serial;
-
-            switch (srcInfo.payload.getTag()) {
-                case AdditionalInfo::AdditionalInfoPayload::Tag::dataInt32: {
-                    const auto &values =
-                            srcInfo.payload.get<AdditionalInfo::AdditionalInfoPayload::dataInt32>()
-                                    .values;
-                    CHECK_EQ(values.size() * sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(dstInfo->data_int32));
-                    memcpy(dstInfo->data_int32, values.data(), sizeof(dstInfo->data_int32));
-                    break;
-                }
-                case AdditionalInfo::AdditionalInfoPayload::Tag::dataFloat: {
-                    const auto &values =
-                            srcInfo.payload.get<AdditionalInfo::AdditionalInfoPayload::dataFloat>()
-                                    .values;
-                    CHECK_EQ(values.size() * sizeof(float), sizeof(dstInfo->data_float));
-                    memcpy(dstInfo->data_float, values.data(), sizeof(dstInfo->data_float));
-                    break;
-                }
-                default: {
-                    ALOGE("Invalid sensor additional info tag: %d", (int)srcInfo.payload.getTag());
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::HEAD_TRACKER: {
-            const auto &ht = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::headTracker>();
-            dst->head_tracker.rx = ht.rx;
-            dst->head_tracker.ry = ht.ry;
-            dst->head_tracker.rz = ht.rz;
-            dst->head_tracker.vx = ht.vx;
-            dst->head_tracker.vy = ht.vy;
-            dst->head_tracker.vz = ht.vz;
-            dst->head_tracker.discontinuity_count = ht.discontinuityCount;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES:
-            dst->limited_axes_imu.x = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImu>().x;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu.y = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImu>().y;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu.z = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImu>().z;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu.x_supported =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImu>().xSupported;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu.y_supported =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImu>().ySupported;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu.z_supported =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImu>().zSupported;
-            break;
-
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED:
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.x_uncalib =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().x;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.y_uncalib =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().y;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.z_uncalib =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().z;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.x_bias =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().xBias;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.y_bias =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().yBias;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.z_bias =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().zBias;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.x_supported =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().xSupported;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.y_supported =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().ySupported;
-            dst->limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.z_supported =
-                    src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::limitedAxesImuUncal>().zSupported;
-            break;
-
-        case SensorType::HEADING:
-            dst->heading.heading = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::heading>().heading;
-            dst->heading.accuracy = src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::heading>().accuracy;
-            break;
-
-        default: {
-            CHECK_GE((int32_t)src.sensorType, (int32_t)SensorType::DEVICE_PRIVATE_BASE);
-
-            memcpy(dst->data, src.payload.get<Event::EventPayload::data>().values.data(),
-                   16 * sizeof(float));
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void convertFromSensorEvent(const sensors_event_t &src, Event *dst) {
-    *dst = {
-            .timestamp = src.timestamp,
-            .sensorHandle = src.sensor,
-            .sensorType = (SensorType)src.type,
-    };
-
-    switch (dst->sensorType) {
-        case SensorType::META_DATA: {
-            Event::EventPayload::MetaData meta;
-            meta.what = (Event::EventPayload::MetaData::MetaDataEventType)src.meta_data.what;
-            // Legacy HALs contain the handle reference in the meta data field.
-            // Copy that over to the handle of the event. In legacy HALs this
-            // field was expected to be 0.
-            dst->sensorHandle = src.meta_data.sensor;
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::meta>(meta);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER:
-        case SensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD:
-        case SensorType::ORIENTATION:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE:
-        case SensorType::GRAVITY:
-        case SensorType::LINEAR_ACCELERATION: {
-            Event::EventPayload::Vec3 vec3;
-            vec3.x = src.acceleration.x;
-            vec3.y = src.acceleration.y;
-            vec3.z = src.acceleration.z;
-            vec3.status = (SensorStatus)src.acceleration.status;
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::vec3>(vec3);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR: {
-            Event::EventPayload::Vec4 vec4;
-            vec4.x = src.data[0];
-            vec4.y = src.data[1];
-            vec4.z = src.data[2];
-            vec4.w = src.data[3];
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::vec4>(vec4);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ROTATION_VECTOR:
-        case SensorType::GEOMAGNETIC_ROTATION_VECTOR: {
-            Event::EventPayload::Data data;
-            memcpy(data.values.data(), src.data, 5 * sizeof(float));
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::data>(data);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED:
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED: {
-            Event::EventPayload::Uncal uncal;
-            uncal.x = src.uncalibrated_gyro.x_uncalib;
-            uncal.y = src.uncalibrated_gyro.y_uncalib;
-            uncal.z = src.uncalibrated_gyro.z_uncalib;
-            uncal.xBias = src.uncalibrated_gyro.x_bias;
-            uncal.yBias = src.uncalibrated_gyro.y_bias;
-            uncal.zBias = src.uncalibrated_gyro.z_bias;
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::uncal>(uncal);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::DEVICE_ORIENTATION:
-        case SensorType::LIGHT:
-        case SensorType::PRESSURE:
-        case SensorType::PROXIMITY:
-        case SensorType::RELATIVE_HUMIDITY:
-        case SensorType::AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE:
-        case SensorType::SIGNIFICANT_MOTION:
-        case SensorType::STEP_DETECTOR:
-        case SensorType::TILT_DETECTOR:
-        case SensorType::WAKE_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::GLANCE_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::PICK_UP_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::WRIST_TILT_GESTURE:
-        case SensorType::STATIONARY_DETECT:
-        case SensorType::MOTION_DETECT:
-        case SensorType::HEART_BEAT:
-        case SensorType::LOW_LATENCY_OFFBODY_DETECT:
-        case SensorType::HINGE_ANGLE: {
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::scalar>((float)src.data[0]);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::STEP_COUNTER: {
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::stepCount>(src.u64.step_counter);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::HEART_RATE: {
-            Event::EventPayload::HeartRate heartRate;
-            heartRate.bpm = src.heart_rate.bpm;
-            heartRate.status = (SensorStatus)src.heart_rate.status;
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::heartRate>(heartRate);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::POSE_6DOF: { // 15 floats
-            Event::EventPayload::Pose6Dof pose6DOF;
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {
-                pose6DOF.values[i] = src.data[i];
-            }
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::pose6DOF>(pose6DOF);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::DYNAMIC_SENSOR_META: {
-            DynamicSensorInfo dynamic;
-            dynamic.connected = src.dynamic_sensor_meta.connected;
-            dynamic.sensorHandle = src.dynamic_sensor_meta.handle;
-
-            memcpy(dynamic.uuid.values.data(), src.dynamic_sensor_meta.uuid, 16);
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::dynamic>(dynamic);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ADDITIONAL_INFO: {
-            AdditionalInfo info;
-            const additional_info_event_t &srcInfo = src.additional_info;
-            info.type = (AdditionalInfo::AdditionalInfoType)srcInfo.type;
-            info.serial = srcInfo.serial;
-
-            AdditionalInfo::AdditionalInfoPayload::Int32Values data;
-            CHECK_EQ(data.values.size() * sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(srcInfo.data_int32));
-            memcpy(data.values.data(), srcInfo.data_int32, sizeof(srcInfo.data_int32));
-            info.payload.set<AdditionalInfo::AdditionalInfoPayload::Tag::dataInt32>(data);
-
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::additional>(info);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::HEAD_TRACKER: {
-            Event::EventPayload::HeadTracker headTracker;
-            headTracker.rx = src.head_tracker.rx;
-            headTracker.ry = src.head_tracker.ry;
-            headTracker.rz = src.head_tracker.rz;
-            headTracker.vx = src.head_tracker.vx;
-            headTracker.vy = src.head_tracker.vy;
-            headTracker.vz = src.head_tracker.vz;
-            headTracker.discontinuityCount = src.head_tracker.discontinuity_count;
-
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::headTracker>(headTracker);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES: {
-            Event::EventPayload::LimitedAxesImu limitedAxesImu;
-            limitedAxesImu.x = src.limited_axes_imu.x;
-            limitedAxesImu.y = src.limited_axes_imu.y;
-            limitedAxesImu.z = src.limited_axes_imu.z;
-            limitedAxesImu.xSupported = src.limited_axes_imu.x_supported;
-            limitedAxesImu.ySupported = src.limited_axes_imu.y_supported;
-            limitedAxesImu.zSupported = src.limited_axes_imu.z_supported;
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::limitedAxesImu>(limitedAxesImu);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED:
-        case SensorType::GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED: {
-            Event::EventPayload::LimitedAxesImuUncal limitedAxesImuUncal;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.x = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.x_uncalib;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.y = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.y_uncalib;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.z = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.z_uncalib;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.xBias = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.x_bias;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.yBias = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.y_bias;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.zBias = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.z_bias;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.xSupported = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.x_supported;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.ySupported = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.y_supported;
-            limitedAxesImuUncal.zSupported = src.limited_axes_imu_uncalibrated.z_supported;
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::limitedAxesImuUncal>(limitedAxesImuUncal);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case SensorType::HEADING: {
-            Event::EventPayload::Heading heading;
-            heading.heading = src.heading.heading;
-            heading.accuracy = src.heading.accuracy;
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::heading>(heading);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        default: {
-            CHECK_GE((int32_t)dst->sensorType, (int32_t)SensorType::DEVICE_PRIVATE_BASE);
-
-            Event::EventPayload::Data data;
-            memcpy(data.values.data(), src.data, 16 * sizeof(float));
-            dst->payload.set<Event::EventPayload::Tag::data>(data);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 void serviceDied(void *cookie) {
     ALOGW("Sensors HAL died, attempting to reconnect.");
     ((AidlSensorHalWrapper *)cookie)->prepareForReconnect();
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/Android.bp b/services/sensorservice/Android.bp
index 5ad4815..0eeb820 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/Android.bp
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "android.hardware.sensors@1.0-convert",
+        "android.hardware.sensors-V1-convert",
         "android.hardware.sensors-V1-ndk",
     ],
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp
index 46f00e8..398cdf9 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,42 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+RuntimeSensor::RuntimeSensor(const sensor_t& sensor, sp<StateChangeCallback> callback)
+  : BaseSensor(sensor), mCallback(std::move(callback)) {
+}
+
+status_t RuntimeSensor::activate(void*, bool enabled) {
+    if (enabled != mEnabled) {
+        mEnabled = enabled;
+        mCallback->onStateChanged(mEnabled, mSamplingPeriodNs, mBatchReportLatencyNs);
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t RuntimeSensor::batch(void*, int, int, int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
+                              int64_t maxBatchReportLatencyNs) {
+    if (mSamplingPeriodNs != samplingPeriodNs || mBatchReportLatencyNs != maxBatchReportLatencyNs) {
+        mSamplingPeriodNs = samplingPeriodNs;
+        mBatchReportLatencyNs = maxBatchReportLatencyNs;
+        if (mEnabled) {
+            mCallback->onStateChanged(mEnabled, mSamplingPeriodNs, mBatchReportLatencyNs);
+        }
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t RuntimeSensor::setDelay(void*, int, int64_t ns) {
+    if (mSamplingPeriodNs != ns) {
+        mSamplingPeriodNs = ns;
+        if (mEnabled) {
+            mCallback->onStateChanged(mEnabled, mSamplingPeriodNs, mBatchReportLatencyNs);
+        }
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 ProximitySensor::ProximitySensor(const sensor_t& sensor, SensorService& service)
         : HardwareSensor(sensor), mSensorService(service) {
 }
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h
index 5704359..5ee5e12 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorInterface.h
@@ -104,6 +104,32 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+class RuntimeSensor : public BaseSensor {
+public:
+    static constexpr int DEFAULT_DEVICE_ID = 0;
+
+    class StateChangeCallback : public virtual RefBase {
+      public:
+        virtual void onStateChanged(bool enabled, int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
+                                    int64_t batchReportLatencyNs) = 0;
+    };
+    RuntimeSensor(const sensor_t& sensor, sp<StateChangeCallback> callback);
+    virtual status_t activate(void* ident, bool enabled) override;
+    virtual status_t batch(void* ident, int handle, int flags, int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
+                           int64_t maxBatchReportLatencyNs) override;
+    virtual status_t setDelay(void* ident, int handle, int64_t ns) override;
+    virtual bool process(sensors_event_t*, const sensors_event_t&) { return false; }
+    virtual bool isVirtual() const override { return false; }
+
+private:
+    bool mEnabled = false;
+    int64_t mSamplingPeriodNs = 0;
+    int64_t mBatchReportLatencyNs = 0;
+    sp<StateChangeCallback> mCallback;
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 class ProximitySensor : public HardwareSensor {
 public:
     explicit ProximitySensor(const sensor_t& sensor, SensorService& service);
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorList.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorList.cpp
index 85ce0f0..6d36b47 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorList.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorList.cpp
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@
 const Sensor SensorList::mNonSensor = Sensor("unknown");
 
 bool SensorList::add(
-        int handle, SensorInterface* si, bool isForDebug, bool isVirtual) {
+        int handle, SensorInterface* si, bool isForDebug, bool isVirtual, int deviceId) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
     if (handle == si->getSensor().getHandle() &&
         mUsedHandle.insert(handle).second) {
         // will succeed as the mUsedHandle does not have this handle
-        mHandleMap.emplace(handle, Entry(si, isForDebug, isVirtual));
+        mHandleMap.emplace(handle, Entry(si, isForDebug, isVirtual, deviceId));
         return true;
     }
     // handle exist already or handle mismatch
@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@
     Vector<Sensor> sensors;
     forEachEntry(
             [&sensors] (const Entry& e) -> bool {
-                if (!e.isForDebug && !e.si->getSensor().isDynamicSensor()) {
+                if (!e.isForDebug && !e.si->getSensor().isDynamicSensor()
+                    && e.deviceId == RuntimeSensor::DEFAULT_DEVICE_ID) {
                     sensors.add(e.si->getSensor());
                 }
                 return true;
@@ -92,7 +93,8 @@
     Vector<Sensor> sensors;
     forEachEntry(
             [&sensors] (const Entry& e) -> bool {
-                if (!e.si->getSensor().isDynamicSensor()) {
+                if (!e.si->getSensor().isDynamicSensor()
+                    && e.deviceId == RuntimeSensor::DEFAULT_DEVICE_ID) {
                     sensors.add(e.si->getSensor());
                 }
                 return true;
@@ -105,7 +107,8 @@
     Vector<Sensor> sensors;
     forEachEntry(
             [&sensors] (const Entry& e) -> bool {
-                if (!e.isForDebug && e.si->getSensor().isDynamicSensor()) {
+                if (!e.isForDebug && e.si->getSensor().isDynamicSensor()
+                     && e.deviceId == RuntimeSensor::DEFAULT_DEVICE_ID) {
                     sensors.add(e.si->getSensor());
                 }
                 return true;
@@ -118,7 +121,20 @@
     Vector<Sensor> sensors;
     forEachEntry(
             [&sensors] (const Entry& e) -> bool {
-                if (e.isVirtual) {
+                if (e.isVirtual && e.deviceId == RuntimeSensor::DEFAULT_DEVICE_ID) {
+                    sensors.add(e.si->getSensor());
+                }
+                return true;
+            });
+    return sensors;
+}
+
+const Vector<Sensor> SensorList::getRuntimeSensors(int deviceId) const {
+    // lock in forEachEntry
+    Vector<Sensor> sensors;
+    forEachEntry(
+            [&sensors, deviceId] (const Entry& e) -> bool {
+                if (!e.isForDebug && e.deviceId == deviceId) {
                     sensors.add(e.si->getSensor());
                 }
                 return true;
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorList.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorList.h
index 049ae7c..79f6701 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorList.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorList.h
@@ -40,14 +40,16 @@
         sp<SensorInterface> si;
         const bool isForDebug;
         const bool isVirtual;
-        Entry(SensorInterface* si_, bool debug_, bool virtual_) :
-            si(si_), isForDebug(debug_), isVirtual(virtual_) {
+        const int deviceId;
+        Entry(SensorInterface* si_, bool debug_, bool virtual_, int deviceId_) :
+            si(si_), isForDebug(debug_), isVirtual(virtual_), deviceId(deviceId_) {
         }
     };
 
     // After SensorInterface * is added into SensorList, it can be assumed that SensorList own the
     // object it pointed to and the object should not be released elsewhere.
-    bool add(int handle, SensorInterface* si, bool isForDebug = false, bool isVirtual = false);
+    bool add(int handle, SensorInterface* si, bool isForDebug = false, bool isVirtual = false,
+             int deviceId = RuntimeSensor::DEFAULT_DEVICE_ID);
 
     // After a handle is removed, the object that SensorInterface * pointing to may get deleted if
     // no more sp<> of the same object exist.
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@
     const Vector<Sensor> getUserDebugSensors() const;
     const Vector<Sensor> getDynamicSensors() const;
     const Vector<Sensor> getVirtualSensors() const;
+    const Vector<Sensor> getRuntimeSensors(int deviceId) const;
 
     String8 getName(int handle) const;
     String8 getStringType(int handle) const;
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
index 21d6b6b..0c9fef5 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
@@ -102,6 +102,33 @@
 static const String16 sLocationHardwarePermission("android.permission.LOCATION_HARDWARE");
 static const String16 sManageSensorsPermission("android.permission.MANAGE_SENSORS");
 
+namespace {
+
+// TODO(b/259227294): Move the sensor ranges to the HAL.
+int32_t nextRuntimeSensorHandle() {
+    static constexpr int32_t kRuntimeHandleBase = 0x5F000000;
+    static constexpr int32_t kRuntimeHandleEnd = 0x5FFFFFFF;
+    static int32_t nextHandle = kRuntimeHandleBase;
+    if (nextHandle == kRuntimeHandleEnd) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return nextHandle++;
+}
+
+class RuntimeSensorCallbackProxy : public RuntimeSensor::StateChangeCallback {
+ public:
+    RuntimeSensorCallbackProxy(sp<SensorService::RuntimeSensorStateChangeCallback> callback)
+        : mCallback(std::move(callback)) {}
+    void onStateChanged(bool enabled, int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
+                        int64_t batchReportLatencyNs) override {
+        mCallback->onStateChanged(enabled, samplingPeriodNs, batchReportLatencyNs);
+    }
+ private:
+    sp<SensorService::RuntimeSensorStateChangeCallback> mCallback;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
 static bool isAutomotive() {
     sp<IServiceManager> serviceManager = defaultServiceManager();
     if (serviceManager.get() == nullptr) {
@@ -137,6 +164,60 @@
     mMicSensorPrivacyPolicy = new MicrophonePrivacyPolicy(this);
 }
 
+int SensorService::registerRuntimeSensor(
+    const sensor_t& sensor, int deviceId, sp<RuntimeSensorStateChangeCallback> callback) {
+    int handle = 0;
+    while (handle == 0 || !mSensors.isNewHandle(handle)) {
+        handle = nextRuntimeSensorHandle();
+        if (handle < 0) {
+            // Ran out of the dedicated range for runtime sensors.
+            return handle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("Registering runtime sensor handle 0x%x, type %d, name %s",
+            handle, sensor.type, sensor.name);
+
+    sp<RuntimeSensor::StateChangeCallback> runtimeSensorCallback(
+        new RuntimeSensorCallbackProxy(std::move(callback)));
+    sensor_t runtimeSensor = sensor;
+    // force the handle to be consistent
+    runtimeSensor.handle = handle;
+    SensorInterface *si = new RuntimeSensor(runtimeSensor, std::move(runtimeSensorCallback));
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    const Sensor& s = registerSensor(si, /* isDebug= */ false, /* isVirtual= */ false, deviceId);
+
+    if (s.getHandle() != handle) {
+        // The registration was unsuccessful.
+        return s.getHandle();
+    }
+    return handle;
+}
+
+status_t SensorService::unregisterRuntimeSensor(int handle) {
+    ALOGI("Unregistering runtime sensor handle 0x%x disconnected", handle);
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        if (!unregisterDynamicSensorLocked(handle)) {
+            ALOGE("Runtime sensor release error.");
+            return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ConnectionSafeAutolock connLock = mConnectionHolder.lock(mLock);
+    for (const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection : connLock.getActiveConnections()) {
+        connection->removeSensor(handle);
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t SensorService::sendRuntimeSensorEvent(const sensors_event_t& event) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    mRuntimeSensorEventQueue.push(event);
+    return OK;
+}
+
 bool SensorService::initializeHmacKey() {
     int fd = open(SENSOR_SERVICE_HMAC_KEY_FILE, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
     if (fd != -1) {
@@ -407,10 +488,11 @@
         && isUidActive(uid) && !isOperationRestrictedLocked(opPackageName);
 }
 
-const Sensor& SensorService::registerSensor(SensorInterface* s, bool isDebug, bool isVirtual) {
+const Sensor& SensorService::registerSensor(SensorInterface* s, bool isDebug, bool isVirtual,
+                                            int deviceId) {
     int handle = s->getSensor().getHandle();
     int type = s->getSensor().getType();
-    if (mSensors.add(handle, s, isDebug, isVirtual)){
+    if (mSensors.add(handle, s, isDebug, isVirtual, deviceId)) {
         mRecentEvent.emplace(handle, new SensorServiceUtil::RecentEventLogger(type));
         return s->getSensor();
     } else {
@@ -1003,6 +1085,7 @@
         recordLastValueLocked(mSensorEventBuffer, count);
 
         // handle virtual sensors
+        bool bufferNeedsSorting = false;
         if (count && vcount) {
             sensors_event_t const * const event = mSensorEventBuffer;
             if (!mActiveVirtualSensors.empty()) {
@@ -1038,12 +1121,37 @@
                     // record the last synthesized values
                     recordLastValueLocked(&mSensorEventBuffer[count], k);
                     count += k;
-                    // sort the buffer by time-stamps
-                    sortEventBuffer(mSensorEventBuffer, count);
+                    bufferNeedsSorting = true;
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        // handle runtime sensors
+        {
+            size_t k = 0;
+            while (!mRuntimeSensorEventQueue.empty()) {
+                if (count + k >= minBufferSize) {
+                    ALOGE("buffer too small to hold all events: count=%zd, k=%zu, size=%zu",
+                          count, k, minBufferSize);
+                    break;
+                }
+                mSensorEventBuffer[count + k] = mRuntimeSensorEventQueue.front();
+                mRuntimeSensorEventQueue.pop();
+                k++;
+            }
+            if (k) {
+                // record the last synthesized values
+                recordLastValueLocked(&mSensorEventBuffer[count], k);
+                count += k;
+                bufferNeedsSorting = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (bufferNeedsSorting) {
+            // sort the buffer by time-stamps
+            sortEventBuffer(mSensorEventBuffer, count);
+        }
+
         // handle backward compatibility for RotationVector sensor
         if (halVersion < SENSORS_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_0) {
             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
@@ -1342,19 +1450,37 @@
     return accessibleSensorList;
 }
 
+void SensorService::addSensorIfAccessible(const String16& opPackageName, const Sensor& sensor,
+        Vector<Sensor>& accessibleSensorList) {
+    if (canAccessSensor(sensor, "can't see", opPackageName)) {
+        accessibleSensorList.add(sensor);
+    } else if (sensor.getType() != SENSOR_TYPE_HEAD_TRACKER) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped sensor %s because it requires permission %s and app op %" PRId32,
+        sensor.getName().string(), sensor.getRequiredPermission().string(),
+        sensor.getRequiredAppOp());
+    }
+}
+
 Vector<Sensor> SensorService::getDynamicSensorList(const String16& opPackageName) {
     Vector<Sensor> accessibleSensorList;
     mSensors.forEachSensor(
             [this, &opPackageName, &accessibleSensorList] (const Sensor& sensor) -> bool {
                 if (sensor.isDynamicSensor()) {
-                    if (canAccessSensor(sensor, "can't see", opPackageName)) {
-                        accessibleSensorList.add(sensor);
-                    } else if (sensor.getType() != SENSOR_TYPE_HEAD_TRACKER) {
-                        ALOGI("Skipped sensor %s because it requires permission %s and app op %" PRId32,
-                              sensor.getName().string(),
-                              sensor.getRequiredPermission().string(),
-                              sensor.getRequiredAppOp());
-                    }
+                    addSensorIfAccessible(opPackageName, sensor, accessibleSensorList);
+                }
+                return true;
+            });
+    makeUuidsIntoIdsForSensorList(accessibleSensorList);
+    return accessibleSensorList;
+}
+
+Vector<Sensor> SensorService::getRuntimeSensorList(const String16& opPackageName, int deviceId) {
+    Vector<Sensor> accessibleSensorList;
+    mSensors.forEachEntry(
+            [this, &opPackageName, deviceId, &accessibleSensorList] (
+                    const SensorServiceUtil::SensorList::Entry& e) -> bool {
+                if (e.deviceId == deviceId) {
+                    addSensorIfAccessible(opPackageName, e.si->getSensor(), accessibleSensorList);
                 }
                 return true;
             });
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
index 4ba3c51..e490398 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <queue>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
@@ -143,6 +144,14 @@
         virtual void onProximityActive(bool isActive) = 0;
     };
 
+    class RuntimeSensorStateChangeCallback : public virtual RefBase {
+    public:
+        // Note that the callback is invoked from an async thread and can interact with the
+        // SensorService directly.
+        virtual void onStateChanged(bool enabled, int64_t samplingPeriodNanos,
+                                    int64_t batchReportLatencyNanos) = 0;
+    };
+
     static char const* getServiceName() ANDROID_API { return "sensorservice"; }
     SensorService() ANDROID_API;
 
@@ -169,6 +178,11 @@
     status_t addProximityActiveListener(const sp<ProximityActiveListener>& callback) ANDROID_API;
     status_t removeProximityActiveListener(const sp<ProximityActiveListener>& callback) ANDROID_API;
 
+    int registerRuntimeSensor(const sensor_t& sensor, int deviceId,
+                              sp<RuntimeSensorStateChangeCallback> callback) ANDROID_API;
+    status_t unregisterRuntimeSensor(int handle) ANDROID_API;
+    status_t sendRuntimeSensorEvent(const sensors_event_t& event) ANDROID_API;
+
     // Returns true if a sensor should be throttled according to our rate-throttling rules.
     static bool isSensorInCappedSet(int sensorType);
 
@@ -346,6 +360,7 @@
     // ISensorServer interface
     virtual Vector<Sensor> getSensorList(const String16& opPackageName);
     virtual Vector<Sensor> getDynamicSensorList(const String16& opPackageName);
+    virtual Vector<Sensor> getRuntimeSensorList(const String16& opPackageName, int deviceId);
     virtual sp<ISensorEventConnection> createSensorEventConnection(
             const String8& packageName,
             int requestedMode, const String16& opPackageName, const String16& attributionTag);
@@ -364,8 +379,9 @@
     bool isWakeUpSensor(int type) const;
     void recordLastValueLocked(sensors_event_t const* buffer, size_t count);
     static void sortEventBuffer(sensors_event_t* buffer, size_t count);
-    const Sensor& registerSensor(SensorInterface* sensor,
-                                 bool isDebug = false, bool isVirtual = false);
+    const Sensor& registerSensor(SensorInterface* sensor, bool isDebug = false,
+                                 bool isVirtual = false,
+                                 int deviceId = RuntimeSensor::DEFAULT_DEVICE_ID);
     const Sensor& registerVirtualSensor(SensorInterface* sensor, bool isDebug = false);
     const Sensor& registerDynamicSensorLocked(SensorInterface* sensor, bool isDebug = false);
     bool unregisterDynamicSensorLocked(int handle);
@@ -375,6 +391,8 @@
             sensors_event_t const* buffer, const int count);
     bool canAccessSensor(const Sensor& sensor, const char* operation,
             const String16& opPackageName);
+    void addSensorIfAccessible(const String16& opPackageName, const Sensor& sensor,
+            Vector<Sensor>& accessibleSensorList);
     static bool hasPermissionForSensor(const Sensor& sensor);
     static int getTargetSdkVersion(const String16& opPackageName);
     static void resetTargetSdkVersionCache(const String16& opPackageName);
@@ -492,6 +510,7 @@
     wp<const SensorEventConnection> * mMapFlushEventsToConnections;
     std::unordered_map<int, SensorServiceUtil::RecentEventLogger*> mRecentEvent;
     Mode mCurrentOperatingMode;
+    std::queue<sensors_event_t> mRuntimeSensorEventQueue;
 
     // true if the head tracker sensor type is currently restricted to system usage only
     // (can only be unrestricted for testing, via shell cmd)
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/Android.bp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34d1de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libsensorserviceaidl",
+    srcs: [
+        "EventQueue.cpp",
+        "DirectReportChannel.cpp",
+        "SensorManager.cpp",
+        "utils.cpp",
+    ],
+    host_supported: true,
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libsensor",
+        "android.frameworks.sensorservice-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.sensors-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        "include/",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.sensors-V1-convert",
+    ],
+
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["jni_headers"],
+    local_include_dirs: [
+        "include/sensorserviceaidl/",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/DirectReportChannel.cpp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/DirectReportChannel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cab53c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/DirectReportChannel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "DirectReportChannel.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+DirectReportChannel::DirectReportChannel(::android::SensorManager& manager, int channelId)
+      : mManager(manager), mId(channelId) {}
+
+DirectReportChannel::~DirectReportChannel() {
+    mManager.destroyDirectChannel(mId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus DirectReportChannel::configure(
+        int32_t sensorHandle, ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::ISensors::RateLevel rate,
+        int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    int token = mManager.configureDirectChannel(mId, sensorHandle, static_cast<int>(rate));
+    if (token <= 0) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(token);
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = token;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/DirectReportChannel.h b/services/sensorservice/aidl/DirectReportChannel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9ea73d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/DirectReportChannel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/sensorservice/BnDirectReportChannel.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/sensors/ISensors.h>
+#include <sensor/SensorManager.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+class DirectReportChannel final
+      : public ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::BnDirectReportChannel {
+public:
+    DirectReportChannel(::android::SensorManager& manager, int channelId);
+    ~DirectReportChannel();
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus configure(int32_t sensorHandle,
+                                 ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::ISensors::RateLevel rate,
+                                 int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+
+private:
+    ::android::SensorManager& mManager;
+    const int mId;
+};
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/EventQueue.cpp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/EventQueue.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c394709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/EventQueue.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "EventQueue.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <utils/Looper.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IEventQueueCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::Event;
+
+class EventQueueLooperCallback : public ::android::LooperCallback {
+public:
+    EventQueueLooperCallback(sp<::android::SensorEventQueue> queue,
+                             std::shared_ptr<IEventQueueCallback> callback)
+          : mQueue(queue), mCallback(callback) {}
+
+    int handleEvent(int /* fd */, int /* events */, void* /* data */) {
+        ASensorEvent event;
+        ssize_t actual;
+
+        auto internalQueue = mQueue.promote();
+        if (internalQueue == nullptr) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        while ((actual = internalQueue->read(&event, 1)) > 0) {
+            internalQueue->sendAck(&event, actual);
+            ndk::ScopedAStatus ret = mCallback->onEvent(convertEvent(event));
+            if (!ret.isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to envoke EventQueueCallback: " << ret;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 1; // continue to receive callbacks
+    }
+
+private:
+    wp<::android::SensorEventQueue> mQueue;
+    std::shared_ptr<IEventQueueCallback> mCallback;
+};
+
+EventQueue::EventQueue(std::shared_ptr<IEventQueueCallback> callback, sp<::android::Looper> looper,
+                       sp<::android::SensorEventQueue> internalQueue)
+      : mLooper(looper), mInternalQueue(internalQueue) {
+    mLooper->addFd(internalQueue->getFd(), ALOOPER_POLL_CALLBACK, ALOOPER_EVENT_INPUT,
+                   new EventQueueLooperCallback(internalQueue, callback), nullptr);
+}
+
+EventQueue::~EventQueue() {
+    mLooper->removeFd(mInternalQueue->getFd());
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus EventQueue::enableSensor(int32_t in_sensorHandle, int32_t in_samplingPeriodUs,
+                                            int64_t in_maxBatchReportLatencyUs) {
+    return convertResult(mInternalQueue->enableSensor(in_sensorHandle, in_samplingPeriodUs,
+                                                      in_maxBatchReportLatencyUs, 0));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus EventQueue::disableSensor(int32_t in_sensorHandle) {
+    return convertResult(mInternalQueue->disableSensor(in_sensorHandle));
+}
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/EventQueue.h b/services/sensorservice/aidl/EventQueue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ae1eba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/EventQueue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "SensorManagerAidl.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/sensorservice/BnEventQueue.h>
+#include <sensor/SensorManager.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+struct EventQueue final : public aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::BnEventQueue {
+    EventQueue(
+            std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IEventQueueCallback> callback,
+            sp<::android::Looper> looper, sp<::android::SensorEventQueue> internalQueue);
+    ~EventQueue();
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableSensor(int32_t in_sensorHandle, int32_t in_samplingPeriodUs,
+                                    int64_t in_maxBatchReportLatencyUs) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus disableSensor(int32_t sensorHandle) override;
+
+private:
+    friend class EventQueueLooperCallback;
+    sp<::android::Looper> mLooper;
+    sp<::android::SensorEventQueue> mInternalQueue;
+};
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/SensorManager.cpp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/SensorManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d8d574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/SensorManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// LOG_TAG defined via build flag.
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "AidlSensorManager"
+#endif
+
+#include "DirectReportChannel.h"
+#include "EventQueue.h"
+#include "SensorManagerAidl.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/sensors/ISensors.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_ibinder.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IDirectReportChannel;
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IEventQueue;
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IEventQueueCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::ISensorManager;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::Ashmem;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::ISensors;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::SensorInfo;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::SensorType;
+using ::android::frameworks::sensorservice::implementation::SensorManagerAidl;
+
+static const char* POLL_THREAD_NAME = "aidl_ssvc_poll";
+
+SensorManagerAidl::SensorManagerAidl(JavaVM* vm)
+      : mLooper(new Looper(false)), mStopThread(true), mJavaVm(vm) {}
+SensorManagerAidl::~SensorManagerAidl() {
+    // Stops pollAll inside the thread.
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mThreadMutex);
+
+    mStopThread = true;
+    if (mLooper != nullptr) {
+        mLooper->wake();
+    }
+    if (mPollThread.joinable()) {
+        mPollThread.join();
+    }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createDirectChannel(::android::SensorManager& manager, size_t size, int type,
+                                       const native_handle_t* handle,
+                                       std::shared_ptr<IDirectReportChannel>* chan) {
+    int channelId = manager.createDirectChannel(size, type, handle);
+    if (channelId < 0) {
+        return convertResult(channelId);
+    }
+    if (channelId == 0) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ISensorManager::RESULT_UNKNOWN_ERROR);
+    }
+    *chan = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<DirectReportChannel>(manager, channelId);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus SensorManagerAidl::createAshmemDirectChannel(
+        const Ashmem& in_mem, int64_t in_size,
+        std::shared_ptr<IDirectReportChannel>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (in_size > in_mem.size || in_size < ISensors::DIRECT_REPORT_SENSOR_EVENT_TOTAL_LENGTH) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ISensorManager::RESULT_BAD_VALUE);
+    }
+    native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(1, 0);
+    handle->data[0] = dup(in_mem.fd.get());
+
+    auto status = createDirectChannel(getInternalManager(), in_size, SENSOR_DIRECT_MEM_TYPE_ASHMEM,
+                                      handle, _aidl_return);
+    int result = native_handle_close(handle);
+    CHECK(result == 0) << "Failed to close the native_handle_t: " << result;
+    result = native_handle_delete(handle);
+    CHECK(result == 0) << "Failed to delete the native_handle_t: " << result;
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus SensorManagerAidl::createGrallocDirectChannel(
+        const ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor& in_mem, int64_t in_size,
+        std::shared_ptr<IDirectReportChannel>* _aidl_return) {
+    native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(1, 0);
+    handle->data[0] = dup(in_mem.get());
+
+    auto status = createDirectChannel(getInternalManager(), in_size, SENSOR_DIRECT_MEM_TYPE_GRALLOC,
+                                      handle, _aidl_return);
+    int result = native_handle_close(handle);
+    CHECK(result == 0) << "Failed to close the native_handle_t: " << result;
+    result = native_handle_delete(handle);
+    CHECK(result == 0) << "Failed to delete the native_handle_t: " << result;
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus SensorManagerAidl::createEventQueue(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IEventQueueCallback>& in_callback,
+        std::shared_ptr<IEventQueue>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (in_callback == nullptr) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ISensorManager::RESULT_BAD_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    sp<::android::Looper> looper = getLooper();
+    if (looper == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "::android::SensorManagerAidl::createEventQueue cannot initialize looper";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ISensorManager::RESULT_UNKNOWN_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    String8 package(String8::format("aidl_client_pid_%d", AIBinder_getCallingPid()));
+    sp<::android::SensorEventQueue> internalQueue = getInternalManager().createEventQueue(package);
+    if (internalQueue == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "::android::SensorManagerAidl::createEventQueue returns nullptr.";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ISensorManager::RESULT_UNKNOWN_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    *_aidl_return = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<EventQueue>(in_callback, looper, internalQueue);
+
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+SensorInfo convertSensor(Sensor src) {
+    SensorInfo dst;
+    dst.sensorHandle = src.getHandle();
+    dst.name = src.getName();
+    dst.vendor = src.getVendor();
+    dst.version = src.getVersion();
+    dst.type = static_cast<SensorType>(src.getType());
+    dst.typeAsString = src.getStringType();
+    // maxRange uses maxValue because ::android::Sensor wraps the
+    // internal sensor_t in this way.
+    dst.maxRange = src.getMaxValue();
+    dst.resolution = src.getResolution();
+    dst.power = src.getPowerUsage();
+    dst.minDelayUs = src.getMinDelay();
+    dst.fifoReservedEventCount = src.getFifoReservedEventCount();
+    dst.fifoMaxEventCount = src.getFifoMaxEventCount();
+    dst.requiredPermission = src.getRequiredPermission();
+    dst.maxDelayUs = src.getMaxDelay();
+    dst.flags = src.getFlags();
+    return dst;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus SensorManagerAidl::getDefaultSensor(SensorType in_type,
+                                                       SensorInfo* _aidl_return) {
+    ::android::Sensor const* sensor =
+            getInternalManager().getDefaultSensor(static_cast<int>(in_type));
+    if (!sensor) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ISensorManager::RESULT_NOT_EXIST);
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = convertSensor(*sensor);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus SensorManagerAidl::getSensorList(std::vector<SensorInfo>* _aidl_return) {
+    Sensor const* const* list;
+    _aidl_return->clear();
+    ssize_t count = getInternalManager().getSensorList(&list);
+    if (count < 0 || list == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "SensorMAanger::getSensorList failed with count: " << count;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ISensorManager::RESULT_UNKNOWN_ERROR);
+    }
+    _aidl_return->reserve(static_cast<size_t>(count));
+    for (ssize_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        _aidl_return->push_back(convertSensor(*list[i]));
+    }
+
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+::android::SensorManager& SensorManagerAidl::getInternalManager() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mInternalManagerMutex);
+    if (mInternalManager == nullptr) {
+        mInternalManager = &::android::SensorManager::getInstanceForPackage(
+                String16(ISensorManager::descriptor));
+    }
+    return *mInternalManager;
+}
+
+/* One global looper for all event queues created from this SensorManager. */
+sp<Looper> SensorManagerAidl::getLooper() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mThreadMutex);
+
+    if (!mPollThread.joinable()) {
+        // if thread not initialized, start thread
+        mStopThread = false;
+        std::thread pollThread{[&stopThread = mStopThread, looper = mLooper, javaVm = mJavaVm] {
+            struct sched_param p = {0};
+            p.sched_priority = 10;
+            if (sched_setscheduler(0 /* current thread*/, SCHED_FIFO, &p) != 0) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not use SCHED_FIFO for looper thread: " << strerror(errno);
+            }
+
+            // set looper
+            Looper::setForThread(looper);
+
+            // Attach the thread to JavaVM so that pollAll do not crash if the thread
+            // eventually calls into Java.
+            JavaVMAttachArgs args{.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2,
+                                  .name = POLL_THREAD_NAME,
+                                  .group = nullptr};
+            JNIEnv* env;
+            if (javaVm->AttachCurrentThread(&env, &args) != JNI_OK) {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot attach SensorManager looper thread to Java VM.";
+            }
+
+            LOG(INFO) << POLL_THREAD_NAME << " started.";
+            for (;;) {
+                int pollResult = looper->pollAll(-1 /* timeout */);
+                if (pollResult == Looper::POLL_WAKE) {
+                    if (stopThread == true) {
+                        LOG(INFO) << POLL_THREAD_NAME << ": requested to stop";
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        LOG(INFO) << POLL_THREAD_NAME << ": spurious wake up, back to work";
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << POLL_THREAD_NAME << ": Looper::pollAll returns unexpected "
+                               << pollResult;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (javaVm->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot detach SensorManager looper thread from Java VM.";
+            }
+
+            LOG(INFO) << POLL_THREAD_NAME << " is terminated.";
+        }};
+        mPollThread = std::move(pollThread);
+    }
+    return mLooper;
+}
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d6e476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "libsensorserviceaidl_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "service_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    host_supported: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "libsensorserviceaidl",
+        "libpermission",
+        "android.frameworks.sensorservice-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.sensors-V1-convert",
+        "android.hardware.sensors-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "libsensor",
+        "libfakeservicemanager",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        cc: [
+            "android-sensors@google.com",
+            "devinmoore@google.com",
+        ],
+    },
+    sanitize: {
+        misc_undefined: [
+            "signed-integer-overflow",
+            "unsigned-integer-overflow",
+        ],
+        diag: {
+            misc_undefined: [
+                "signed-integer-overflow",
+                "unsigned-integer-overflow",
+            ],
+        },
+        address: true,
+        integer_overflow: true,
+    },
+
+}
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/fuzzer.cpp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b63d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include <ServiceManager.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+#include <fuzzbinder/random_binder.h>
+#include <sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h>
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using android::frameworks::sensorservice::implementation::SensorManagerAidl;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+[[clang::no_destroy]] static std::once_flag gSmOnce;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    static android::sp<android::ServiceManager> fakeServiceManager = new android::ServiceManager();
+    std::call_once(gSmOnce, [&] { setDefaultServiceManager(fakeServiceManager); });
+    fakeServiceManager->clear();
+
+    FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
+    android::sp<android::IBinder> binder = android::getRandomBinder(&fdp);
+    if (binder == nullptr) {
+        // Nothing to do if we get a null binder. It will cause SensorManager to
+        // hang while trying to get sensorservice.
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    CHECK(android::NO_ERROR == fakeServiceManager->addService(android::String16("sensorservice"),
+                                   binder));
+
+    std::shared_ptr<SensorManagerAidl> sensorService =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<SensorManagerAidl>(nullptr);
+
+    fuzzService(sensorService->asBinder().get(), std::move(fdp));
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/include/sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h b/services/sensorservice/aidl/include/sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c77ee88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/include/sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/sensorservice/BnSensorManager.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <sensor/SensorManager.h>
+#include <utils/Looper.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+class SensorManagerAidl : public ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::BnSensorManager {
+public:
+    explicit SensorManagerAidl(JavaVM* vm);
+    ~SensorManagerAidl();
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus createAshmemDirectChannel(
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::common::Ashmem& in_mem, int64_t in_size,
+            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IDirectReportChannel>*
+                    _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus createEventQueue(
+            const std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IEventQueueCallback>&
+                    in_callback,
+            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IEventQueue>* _aidl_return)
+            override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus createGrallocDirectChannel(
+            const ::ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor& in_buffer, int64_t in_size,
+            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::IDirectReportChannel>*
+                    _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getDefaultSensor(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::SensorType in_type,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::SensorInfo* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getSensorList(
+            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::SensorInfo>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+private:
+    // Block until ::android::SensorManager is initialized.
+    ::android::SensorManager& getInternalManager();
+    sp<Looper> getLooper();
+
+    std::mutex mInternalManagerMutex;
+    ::android::SensorManager* mInternalManager = nullptr; // does not own
+    sp<Looper> mLooper;
+
+    volatile bool mStopThread;
+    std::mutex mThreadMutex; // protects mPollThread
+    std::thread mPollThread;
+
+    JavaVM* mJavaVm;
+};
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/utils.cpp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26bcdc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/sensorservice/ISensorManager.h>
+#include <aidl/sensors/convert.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus convertResult(status_t src) {
+    using ::aidl::android::frameworks::sensorservice::ISensorManager;
+
+    int err = 0;
+    switch (src) {
+        case OK:
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        case NAME_NOT_FOUND:
+            err = ISensorManager::RESULT_NOT_EXIST;
+            break;
+        case NO_MEMORY:
+            err = ISensorManager::RESULT_NO_MEMORY;
+            break;
+        case NO_INIT:
+            err = ISensorManager::RESULT_NO_INIT;
+            break;
+        case PERMISSION_DENIED:
+            err = ISensorManager::RESULT_PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            break;
+        case BAD_VALUE:
+            err = ISensorManager::RESULT_BAD_VALUE;
+            break;
+        case INVALID_OPERATION:
+            err = ISensorManager::RESULT_INVALID_OPERATION;
+            break;
+        default:
+            err = ISensorManager::RESULT_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(err);
+}
+
+::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::Event convertEvent(const ::ASensorEvent& src) {
+    ::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::Event dst;
+    ::android::hardware::sensors::implementation::
+            convertFromSensorEvent(reinterpret_cast<const sensors_event_t&>(src), &dst);
+    return dst;
+}
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/utils.h b/services/sensorservice/aidl/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06ba59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/sensors/Event.h>
+#include <sensor/Sensor.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace frameworks {
+namespace sensorservice {
+namespace implementation {
+
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus convertResult(status_t status);
+::aidl::android::hardware::sensors::Event convertEvent(const ::ASensorEvent& event);
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace sensorservice
+} // namespace frameworks
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
index 14fdd12..b1bd705 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@
         "EventLog/EventLog.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.cpp",
+        "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp",
+        "FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp",
         "FlagManager.cpp",
         "FpsReporter.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
index c1460cf..30d34a5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
@@ -140,6 +140,11 @@
         "libgmock",
         "libgtest",
     ],
+    // For some reason, libvulkan isn't picked up from librenderengine
+    // Probably ASAN related?
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libvulkan",
+    ],
     sanitize: {
         // By using the address sanitizer, we not only uncover any issues
         // with the test, but also any issues with the code under test.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
index 758b346..33caa7a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(Hwc2::AidlTransform, getPhysicalDisplayOrientation, (PhysicalDisplayId),
                 (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, getValidateSkipped, (HalDisplayId), (const, override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(status_t, getOverlaySupport,
-                (aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties*));
+    MOCK_METHOD(const aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties&,
+                getOverlaySupport, (), (const, override));
 };
 
 } // namespace mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
index e220541..c555b39 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(void, setExpensiveRenderingExpected, (DisplayId displayId, bool expected),
                 (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isUsingExpensiveRendering, (), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, usePowerHintSession, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, supportsPowerHintSession, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPowerHintSessionRunning, (), (override));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Display/DisplayModeRequest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Display/DisplayModeRequest.h
index ac25fe0..d07cdf5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Display/DisplayModeRequest.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Display/DisplayModeRequest.h
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@
 
 #include <ftl/non_null.h>
 
-#include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
+#include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
 
 namespace android::display {
 
 struct DisplayModeRequest {
-    ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr;
+    scheduler::FrameRateMode mode;
 
     // Whether to emit DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_MODE_CHANGE.
     bool emitEvent = false;
 };
 
 inline bool operator==(const DisplayModeRequest& lhs, const DisplayModeRequest& rhs) {
-    return lhs.modePtr == rhs.modePtr && lhs.emitEvent == rhs.emitEvent;
+    return lhs.mode == rhs.mode && lhs.emitEvent == rhs.emitEvent;
 }
 
 } // namespace android::display
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 9868c8e..269a5ea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 #include "Display/DisplaySnapshot.h"
 #include "DisplayDevice.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "RefreshRateOverlay.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@
         mCompositionDisplay{args.compositionDisplay},
         mActiveModeFPSTrace("ActiveModeFPS -" + to_string(getId())),
         mActiveModeFPSHwcTrace("ActiveModeFPS_HWC -" + to_string(getId())),
+        mRenderFrameRateFPSTrace("RenderRateFPS -" + to_string(getId())),
         mPhysicalOrientation(args.physicalOrientation),
         mIsPrimary(args.isPrimary),
         mRefreshRateSelector(std::move(args.refreshRateSelector)) {
@@ -103,7 +105,9 @@
 
     mCompositionDisplay->getRenderSurface()->initialize();
 
-    if (args.initialPowerMode.has_value()) setPowerMode(args.initialPowerMode.value());
+    if (const auto powerModeOpt = args.initialPowerMode) {
+        setPowerMode(*powerModeOpt);
+    }
 
     // initialize the display orientation transform.
     setProjection(ui::ROTATION_0, Rect::INVALID_RECT, Rect::INVALID_RECT);
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-auto DisplayDevice::getInputInfo() const -> InputInfo {
+auto DisplayDevice::getFrontEndInfo() const -> frontend::DisplayInfo {
     gui::DisplayInfo info;
     info.displayId = getLayerStack().id;
 
@@ -160,7 +164,9 @@
     return {.info = info,
             .transform = displayTransform,
             .receivesInput = receivesInput(),
-            .isSecure = isSecure()};
+            .isSecure = isSecure(),
+            .isPrimary = isPrimary(),
+            .rotationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOrientation)};
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode mode) {
@@ -175,8 +181,7 @@
 
     mPowerMode = mode;
 
-    getCompositionDisplay()->setCompositionEnabled(mPowerMode.has_value() &&
-                                                   *mPowerMode != hal::PowerMode::OFF);
+    getCompositionDisplay()->setCompositionEnabled(isPoweredOn());
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::enableLayerCaching(bool enable) {
@@ -191,35 +196,32 @@
     return mPowerMode && *mPowerMode != hal::PowerMode::OFF;
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::setActiveMode(DisplayModeId modeId, const display::DisplaySnapshot& snapshot) {
-    const auto fpsOpt = snapshot.displayModes().get(modeId).transform(
-            [](const DisplayModePtr& mode) { return mode->getFps(); });
+void DisplayDevice::setActiveMode(DisplayModeId modeId, Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps) {
+    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSTrace.c_str(), displayFps.getIntValue());
+    ATRACE_INT(mRenderFrameRateFPSTrace.c_str(), renderFps.getIntValue());
 
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!fpsOpt, "Unknown mode");
-    const Fps fps = *fpsOpt;
-
-    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSTrace.c_str(), fps.getIntValue());
-
-    mRefreshRateSelector->setActiveModeId(modeId);
+    mRefreshRateSelector->setActiveMode(modeId, renderFps);
 
     if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
-        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(fps);
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(displayFps);
     }
 }
 
 status_t DisplayDevice::initiateModeChange(const ActiveModeInfo& info,
                                            const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& constraints,
                                            hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) {
-    if (!info.mode || info.mode->getPhysicalDisplayId() != getPhysicalId()) {
+    if (!info.modeOpt || info.modeOpt->modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId() != getPhysicalId()) {
         ALOGE("Trying to initiate a mode change to invalid mode %s on display %s",
-              info.mode ? std::to_string(info.mode->getId().value()).c_str() : "null",
+              info.modeOpt ? std::to_string(info.modeOpt->modePtr->getId().value()).c_str()
+                           : "null",
               to_string(getId()).c_str());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     mUpcomingActiveMode = info;
-    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSHwcTrace.c_str(), info.mode->getFps().getIntValue());
-    return mHwComposer.setActiveModeWithConstraints(getPhysicalId(), info.mode->getHwcId(),
-                                                    constraints, outTimeline);
+    ATRACE_INT(mActiveModeFPSHwcTrace.c_str(), info.modeOpt->modePtr->getFps().getIntValue());
+    return mHwComposer.setActiveModeWithConstraints(getPhysicalId(),
+                                                    info.modeOpt->modePtr->getHwcId(), constraints,
+                                                    outTimeline);
 }
 
 nsecs_t DisplayDevice::getVsyncPeriodFromHWC() const {
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@
         return vsyncPeriod;
     }
 
-    return refreshRateSelector().getActiveModePtr()->getVsyncPeriod();
+    return refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getVsyncPeriod();
 }
 
 ui::Dataspace DisplayDevice::getCompositionDataSpace() const {
@@ -418,7 +420,7 @@
     mRefreshRateOverlay = std::make_unique<RefreshRateOverlay>(fpsRange, showSpinnner);
     mRefreshRateOverlay->setLayerStack(getLayerStack());
     mRefreshRateOverlay->setViewport(getSize());
-    mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(getActiveMode().getFps());
+    mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps());
 }
 
 bool DisplayDevice::onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId> desiredModeId,
@@ -441,13 +443,14 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool DisplayDevice::setDesiredActiveMode(const ActiveModeInfo& info) {
+auto DisplayDevice::setDesiredActiveMode(const ActiveModeInfo& info) -> DesiredActiveModeAction {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!info.mode, "desired mode not provided");
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(getPhysicalId() != info.mode->getPhysicalDisplayId(), "DisplayId mismatch");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!info.modeOpt, "desired mode not provided");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(getPhysicalId() != info.modeOpt->modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
+                        "DisplayId mismatch");
 
-    ALOGV("%s(%s)", __func__, to_string(*info.mode).c_str());
+    ALOGV("%s(%s)", __func__, to_string(*info.modeOpt->modePtr).c_str());
 
     std::scoped_lock lock(mActiveModeLock);
     if (mDesiredActiveModeChanged) {
@@ -455,18 +458,25 @@
         const auto prevConfig = mDesiredActiveMode.event;
         mDesiredActiveMode = info;
         mDesiredActiveMode.event = mDesiredActiveMode.event | prevConfig;
-        return false;
+        return DesiredActiveModeAction::None;
     }
 
+    const auto& desiredMode = *info.modeOpt->modePtr;
+
     // Check if we are already at the desired mode
-    if (refreshRateSelector().getActiveModePtr()->getId() == info.mode->getId()) {
-        return false;
+    if (refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getId() == desiredMode.getId()) {
+        if (refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode() == info.modeOpt) {
+            return DesiredActiveModeAction::None;
+        }
+
+        setActiveMode(desiredMode.getId(), desiredMode.getFps(), info.modeOpt->fps);
+        return DesiredActiveModeAction::InitiateRenderRateSwitch;
     }
 
     // Initiate a mode change.
     mDesiredActiveModeChanged = true;
     mDesiredActiveMode = info;
-    return true;
+    return DesiredActiveModeAction::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch;
 }
 
 std::optional<DisplayDevice::ActiveModeInfo> DisplayDevice::getDesiredActiveMode() const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index 1602a71..852a8a2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h"
 #include "ThreadContext.h"
 #include "TracedOrdinal.h"
 #include "Utils/Dumper.h"
-
 namespace android {
 
 class Fence;
@@ -167,14 +167,7 @@
     void setDisplayName(const std::string& displayName);
     const std::string& getDisplayName() const { return mDisplayName; }
 
-    struct InputInfo {
-        gui::DisplayInfo info;
-        ui::Transform transform;
-        bool receivesInput;
-        bool isSecure;
-    };
-
-    InputInfo getInputInfo() const;
+    surfaceflinger::frontend::DisplayInfo getFrontEndInfo() const;
 
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Display power mode management.
@@ -197,33 +190,38 @@
         using Event = scheduler::DisplayModeEvent;
 
         ActiveModeInfo() = default;
-        ActiveModeInfo(DisplayModePtr mode, Event event) : mode(std::move(mode)), event(event) {}
+        ActiveModeInfo(scheduler::FrameRateMode mode, Event event)
+              : modeOpt(std::move(mode)), event(event) {}
 
         explicit ActiveModeInfo(display::DisplayModeRequest&& request)
-              : ActiveModeInfo(std::move(request.modePtr).take(),
+              : ActiveModeInfo(std::move(request.mode),
                                request.emitEvent ? Event::Changed : Event::None) {}
 
-        DisplayModePtr mode;
+        ftl::Optional<scheduler::FrameRateMode> modeOpt;
         Event event = Event::None;
 
         bool operator!=(const ActiveModeInfo& other) const {
-            return mode != other.mode || event != other.event;
+            return modeOpt != other.modeOpt || event != other.event;
         }
     };
 
-    bool setDesiredActiveMode(const ActiveModeInfo&) EXCLUDES(mActiveModeLock);
+    enum class DesiredActiveModeAction {
+        None,
+        InitiateDisplayModeSwitch,
+        InitiateRenderRateSwitch
+    };
+    DesiredActiveModeAction setDesiredActiveMode(const ActiveModeInfo&) EXCLUDES(mActiveModeLock);
     std::optional<ActiveModeInfo> getDesiredActiveMode() const EXCLUDES(mActiveModeLock);
     void clearDesiredActiveModeState() EXCLUDES(mActiveModeLock);
     ActiveModeInfo getUpcomingActiveMode() const REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
         return mUpcomingActiveMode;
     }
 
-    const DisplayMode& getActiveMode() const REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
+    scheduler::FrameRateMode getActiveMode() const REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
         return mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveMode();
     }
 
-    // Precondition: DisplaySnapshot must contain a mode with DisplayModeId.
-    void setActiveMode(DisplayModeId, const display::DisplaySnapshot&) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void setActiveMode(DisplayModeId, Fps displayFps, Fps renderFps);
 
     status_t initiateModeChange(const ActiveModeInfo&,
                                 const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& constraints,
@@ -261,6 +259,7 @@
     std::string mDisplayName;
     std::string mActiveModeFPSTrace;
     std::string mActiveModeFPSHwcTrace;
+    std::string mRenderFrameRateFPSTrace;
 
     const ui::Rotation mPhysicalOrientation;
     ui::Rotation mOrientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
index eff5130..3782c6c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -542,8 +542,12 @@
     return Error::NONE;
 }
 
-Error AidlComposer::getOverlaySupport(AidlOverlayProperties* /*outProperties*/) {
-    // TODO(b/242588489): implement details
+Error AidlComposer::getOverlaySupport(AidlOverlayProperties* outProperties) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getOverlaySupport(outProperties);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getOverlaySupport failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
     return Error::NONE;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
index a9337d8..e264570 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
@@ -334,9 +334,9 @@
     return Error::NONE;
 }
 
-Error Display::getOverlaySupport(OverlayProperties* /*outProperties*/) const {
-    // TODO(b/242588489): implement details
-    return Error::NONE;
+Error Display::getOverlaySupport(OverlayProperties* outProperties) const {
+    auto intError = mComposer.getOverlaySupport(outProperties);
+    return static_cast<Error>(intError);
 }
 
 Error Display::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(hal::PixelFormat* outFormat,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index 5f11cb8..10fde2a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@
 void HWComposer::setCallback(HWC2::ComposerCallback& callback) {
     loadCapabilities();
     loadLayerMetadataSupport();
+    loadOverlayProperties();
 
     if (mRegisteredCallback) {
         ALOGW("Callback already registered. Ignored extra registration attempt.");
@@ -652,9 +653,9 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t HWComposer::getOverlaySupport(
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties* /*outProperties*/) {
-    return NO_ERROR;
+const aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties&
+HWComposer::getOverlaySupport() const {
+    return mOverlayProperties;
 }
 
 int32_t HWComposer::getSupportedPerFrameMetadata(HalDisplayId displayId) const {
@@ -974,6 +975,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+void HWComposer::loadOverlayProperties() {
+    mComposer->getOverlaySupport(&mOverlayProperties);
+}
+
 status_t HWComposer::setIdleTimerEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                          std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index 8235b88..78d4a68 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@
     // Fetches the HDR capabilities of the given display
     virtual status_t getHdrCapabilities(HalDisplayId, HdrCapabilities* outCapabilities) = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t getOverlaySupport(
-            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties* outProperties) = 0;
+    virtual const aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties&
+    getOverlaySupport() const = 0;
 
     virtual int32_t getSupportedPerFrameMetadata(HalDisplayId) const = 0;
 
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@
     // Fetches the HDR capabilities of the given display
     status_t getHdrCapabilities(HalDisplayId, HdrCapabilities* outCapabilities) override;
 
-    status_t getOverlaySupport(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties*
-                                       outProperties) override;
+    const aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties& getOverlaySupport()
+            const override;
 
     int32_t getSupportedPerFrameMetadata(HalDisplayId) const override;
 
@@ -489,11 +489,13 @@
 
     void loadCapabilities();
     void loadLayerMetadataSupport();
+    void loadOverlayProperties();
 
     std::unordered_map<HalDisplayId, DisplayData> mDisplayData;
 
     std::unique_ptr<android::Hwc2::Composer> mComposer;
     std::unordered_set<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Capability> mCapabilities;
+    aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties mOverlayProperties;
     std::unordered_map<std::string, bool> mSupportedLayerGenericMetadata;
     bool mRegisteredCallback = false;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
index cb2c8c5..f05223c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 using android::hardware::power::IPower;
 using android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession;
 using android::hardware::power::Mode;
+using android::hardware::power::SessionHint;
 using android::hardware::power::WorkDuration;
 
 PowerAdvisor::~PowerAdvisor() = default;
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void PowerAdvisor::notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() {
+void PowerAdvisor::notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset() {
     // Only start sending this notification once the system has booted so we don't introduce an
     // early-boot dependency on Power HAL
     if (!mBootFinished.load()) {
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        if (!halWrapper->notifyDisplayUpdateImminent()) {
+        if (!halWrapper->notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset()) {
             // The HAL has become unavailable; attempt to reconnect later
             mReconnectPowerHal = true;
             return;
@@ -599,7 +600,7 @@
         return ret.isOk();
     }
 
-    bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() override {
+    bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset() override {
         // Power HAL 1.x doesn't have a notification for this
         ALOGV("HIDL notifyUpdateImminent received but can't send");
         return true;
@@ -675,8 +676,12 @@
     return ret.isOk();
 }
 
-bool AidlPowerHalWrapper::notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() {
-    ALOGV("AIDL notifyDisplayUpdateImminent");
+bool AidlPowerHalWrapper::notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset() {
+    ALOGV("AIDL notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset");
+    if (isPowerHintSessionRunning()) {
+        mPowerHintSession->sendHint(SessionHint::CPU_LOAD_RESET);
+    }
+
     if (!mHasDisplayUpdateImminent) {
         ALOGV("Skipped sending DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT because HAL doesn't support it");
         return true;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
index 1c9d123..d45e7cb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     virtual void onBootFinished() = 0;
     virtual void setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) = 0;
     virtual bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() = 0;
-    virtual void notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() = 0;
+    virtual void notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset() = 0;
     // Checks both if it supports and if it's enabled
     virtual bool usePowerHintSession() = 0;
     virtual bool supportsPowerHintSession() = 0;
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
         virtual ~HalWrapper() = default;
 
         virtual bool setExpensiveRendering(bool enabled) = 0;
-        virtual bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() = 0;
+        virtual bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset() = 0;
         virtual bool supportsPowerHintSession() = 0;
         virtual bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() = 0;
         virtual void restartPowerHintSession() = 0;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
     void onBootFinished() override;
     void setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) override;
     bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() override { return mNotifiedExpensiveRendering; };
-    void notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() override;
+    void notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset() override;
     bool usePowerHintSession() override;
     bool supportsPowerHintSession() override;
     bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override;
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
     static std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> connect();
 
     bool setExpensiveRendering(bool enabled) override;
-    bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() override;
+    bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset() override;
     bool supportsPowerHintSession() override;
     bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override;
     void restartPowerHintSession() override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c7b24a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gui/DisplayInfo.h>
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+// Display information needed to populate input and calculate layer geometry.
+struct DisplayInfo {
+    gui::DisplayInfo info;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    bool receivesInput;
+    bool isSecure;
+    // TODO(b/238781169) can eliminate once sPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags is removed.
+    bool isPrimary;
+    ui::Transform::RotationFlags rotationFlags;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7afa144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LayerLifecycleManager"
+
+#include "LayerLifecycleManager.h"
+#include "Layer.h" // temporarily needed for LayerHandle
+#include "LayerHandle.h"
+#include "SwapErase.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::addLayers(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> newLayers) {
+    if (newLayers.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mGlobalChanges |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy;
+    for (auto& newLayer : newLayers) {
+        RequestedLayerState& layer = *newLayer.get();
+        auto [it, inserted] = mIdToLayer.try_emplace(layer.id, References{.owner = layer});
+        if (!inserted) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Duplicate layer id %d found. Existing layer: %s", layer.id,
+                             it->second.owner.getDebugString().c_str());
+        }
+
+        linkLayer(layer.parentId, layer.id);
+        linkLayer(layer.relativeParentId, layer.id);
+        linkLayer(layer.mirrorId, layer.id);
+        linkLayer(layer.touchCropId, layer.id);
+
+        mLayers.emplace_back(std::move(newLayer));
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::onHandlesDestroyed(const std::vector<uint32_t>& destroyedHandles) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> layersToBeDestroyed;
+    for (const auto& layerId : destroyedHandles) {
+        auto it = mIdToLayer.find(layerId);
+        if (it == mIdToLayer.end()) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layerid not found %d", __func__, layerId);
+            continue;
+        }
+        RequestedLayerState& layer = it->second.owner;
+        layer.handleAlive = false;
+        if (!layer.canBeDestroyed()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        layer.changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Destroyed;
+        layersToBeDestroyed.emplace_back(layerId);
+    }
+
+    if (layersToBeDestroyed.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mGlobalChanges |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < layersToBeDestroyed.size(); i++) {
+        uint32_t layerId = layersToBeDestroyed[i];
+        auto it = mIdToLayer.find(layerId);
+        if (it == mIdToLayer.end()) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layer with id %d not found", __func__, layerId);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        RequestedLayerState& layer = it->second.owner;
+
+        unlinkLayer(layer.parentId, layer.id);
+        unlinkLayer(layer.relativeParentId, layer.id);
+        unlinkLayer(layer.mirrorId, layer.id);
+        unlinkLayer(layer.touchCropId, layer.id);
+
+        auto& references = it->second.references;
+        for (uint32_t linkedLayerId : references) {
+            RequestedLayerState* linkedLayer = getLayerFromId(linkedLayerId);
+            if (!linkedLayer) {
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layerid reference %d not found for %d", __func__,
+                                 linkedLayerId, layer.id);
+                continue;
+            };
+            if (linkedLayer->parentId == layer.id) {
+                linkedLayer->parentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+                if (linkedLayer->canBeDestroyed()) {
+                    linkedLayer->changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Destroyed;
+                    layersToBeDestroyed.emplace_back(linkedLayer->id);
+                }
+            }
+            if (linkedLayer->relativeParentId == layer.id) {
+                linkedLayer->relativeParentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+            }
+            if (linkedLayer->mirrorId == layer.id) {
+                linkedLayer->mirrorId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+            }
+            if (linkedLayer->touchCropId == layer.id) {
+                linkedLayer->touchCropId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+            }
+        }
+        mIdToLayer.erase(it);
+    }
+
+    auto it = mLayers.begin();
+    while (it != mLayers.end()) {
+        RequestedLayerState* layer = it->get();
+        if (layer->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Destroyed)) {
+            ALOGV("%s destroyed layer %s", __func__, layer->getDebugStringShort().c_str());
+            std::iter_swap(it, mLayers.end() - 1);
+            mDestroyedLayers.emplace_back(std::move(mLayers.back()));
+            if (it == mLayers.end() - 1) {
+                it = mLayers.erase(mLayers.end() - 1);
+            } else {
+                mLayers.erase(mLayers.end() - 1);
+            }
+        } else {
+            it++;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::applyTransactions(const std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions) {
+    for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
+        for (const auto& resolvedComposerState : transaction.states) {
+            const auto& clientState = resolvedComposerState.state;
+            uint32_t layerId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(clientState.surface);
+            if (layerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+                ALOGW("%s Handle %p is not valid", __func__, clientState.surface.get());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            RequestedLayerState* layer = getLayerFromId(layerId);
+            if (layer == nullptr) {
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layer with handle %p (layerid=%d) not found", __func__,
+                                 clientState.surface.get(), layerId);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!layer->handleAlive) {
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s Layer's handle %p (layerid=%d) is not alive. Possible out of "
+                                 "order LayerLifecycleManager updates",
+                                 __func__, clientState.surface.get(), layerId);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            uint32_t oldParentId = layer->parentId;
+            uint32_t oldRelativeParentId = layer->relativeParentId;
+            uint32_t oldTouchCropId = layer->touchCropId;
+            layer->merge(resolvedComposerState);
+
+            if (layer->what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
+                if (layer->bgColorLayerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID && layer->bgColorAlpha != 0) {
+                    LayerCreationArgs backgroundLayerArgs{nullptr,
+                                                          nullptr,
+                                                          layer->name + "BackgroundColorLayer",
+                                                          ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect,
+                                                          {}};
+                    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> newLayers;
+                    newLayers.emplace_back(
+                            std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(backgroundLayerArgs));
+                    RequestedLayerState* backgroundLayer = newLayers.back().get();
+                    backgroundLayer->handleAlive = false;
+                    backgroundLayer->parentId = layer->id;
+                    backgroundLayer->z = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min();
+                    backgroundLayer->color.rgb = layer->color.rgb;
+                    backgroundLayer->color.a = layer->bgColorAlpha;
+                    backgroundLayer->dataspace = layer->bgColorDataspace;
+
+                    layer->bgColorLayerId = backgroundLayer->id;
+                    addLayers({std::move(newLayers)});
+                } else if (layer->bgColorLayerId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID &&
+                           layer->bgColorAlpha == 0) {
+                    RequestedLayerState* bgColorLayer = getLayerFromId(layer->bgColorLayerId);
+                    bgColorLayer->parentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+                    onHandlesDestroyed({layer->bgColorLayerId});
+                } else if (layer->bgColorLayerId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+                    RequestedLayerState* bgColorLayer = getLayerFromId(layer->bgColorLayerId);
+                    bgColorLayer->color.rgb = layer->color.rgb;
+                    bgColorLayer->color.a = layer->bgColorAlpha;
+                    bgColorLayer->dataspace = layer->bgColorDataspace;
+                    mGlobalChanges |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (oldParentId != layer->parentId) {
+                unlinkLayer(oldParentId, layer->id);
+                linkLayer(layer->parentId, layer->id);
+            }
+            if (oldRelativeParentId != layer->relativeParentId) {
+                unlinkLayer(oldRelativeParentId, layer->id);
+                linkLayer(layer->relativeParentId, layer->id);
+            }
+            if (oldTouchCropId != layer->touchCropId) {
+                unlinkLayer(oldTouchCropId, layer->id);
+                linkLayer(layer->touchCropId, layer->id);
+            }
+
+            mGlobalChanges |= layer->changes &
+                    (RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy |
+                     RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
+                     RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::commitChanges() {
+    for (auto& layer : mLayers) {
+        if (layer->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created)) {
+            for (auto listener : mListeners) {
+                listener->onLayerAdded(*layer);
+            }
+        }
+        layer->what = 0;
+        layer->changes.clear();
+    }
+
+    for (auto& destroyedLayer : mDestroyedLayers) {
+        if (destroyedLayer->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created)) {
+            for (auto listener : mListeners) {
+                listener->onLayerAdded(*destroyedLayer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (auto listener : mListeners) {
+            listener->onLayerDestroyed(*destroyedLayer);
+        }
+    }
+    mDestroyedLayers.clear();
+    mGlobalChanges.clear();
+}
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::addLifecycleListener(std::shared_ptr<ILifecycleListener> listener) {
+    mListeners.emplace_back(std::move(listener));
+}
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::removeLifecycleListener(std::shared_ptr<ILifecycleListener> listener) {
+    swapErase(mListeners, listener);
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& LayerLifecycleManager::getLayers() const {
+    return mLayers;
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& LayerLifecycleManager::getDestroyedLayers()
+        const {
+    return mDestroyedLayers;
+}
+
+const ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes> LayerLifecycleManager::getGlobalChanges() const {
+    return mGlobalChanges;
+}
+
+RequestedLayerState* LayerLifecycleManager::getLayerFromId(uint32_t id) {
+    if (id == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    auto it = mIdToLayer.find(id);
+    if (it == mIdToLayer.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return &it->second.owner;
+}
+
+std::vector<uint32_t>* LayerLifecycleManager::getLinkedLayersFromId(uint32_t id) {
+    if (id == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    auto it = mIdToLayer.find(id);
+    if (it == mIdToLayer.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return &it->second.references;
+}
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::linkLayer(uint32_t layerId, uint32_t layerToLink) {
+    if (layerToLink && layerId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+        std::vector<uint32_t>* linkedLayers = getLinkedLayersFromId(layerId);
+        if (!linkedLayers) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Could not find layer id %d to link %d", layerId, layerToLink);
+            return;
+        }
+        linkedLayers->emplace_back(layerToLink);
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerLifecycleManager::unlinkLayer(uint32_t& inOutLayerId, uint32_t linkedLayer) {
+    uint32_t layerId = inOutLayerId;
+    inOutLayerId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t>* linkedLayers = getLinkedLayersFromId(layerId);
+    if (!linkedLayers) {
+        return;
+    }
+    swapErase(*linkedLayers, linkedLayer);
+}
+
+std::string LayerLifecycleManager::References::getDebugString() const {
+    std::string debugInfo = owner.name + "[" + std::to_string(owner.id) + "] refs:";
+    std::for_each(references.begin(), references.end(),
+                  [&debugInfo = debugInfo](const uint32_t& reference) mutable {
+                      debugInfo += std::to_string(reference) + ",";
+                  });
+    return debugInfo;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad70d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "RequestedLayerState.h"
+#include "TransactionState.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+// Owns a collection of RequestedLayerStates and manages their lifecycle
+// and state changes.
+//
+// RequestedLayerStates are tracked and destroyed if they have no parent and
+// no handle left to keep them alive. The handle does not keep a reference to
+// the RequestedLayerState but a layer id associated with the RequestedLayerState.
+// If the handle is destroyed and the RequestedLayerState does not have a parent,
+// the LayerLifecycleManager destroys the RequestedLayerState.
+//
+// Threading: This class is not thread safe, it requires external synchronization.
+//
+// Typical usage: Input states (new layers, transactions, destroyed layer handles)
+// are collected in the background passed into the LayerLifecycleManager to update
+// layer lifecycle and layer state at start of composition.
+class LayerLifecycleManager {
+public:
+    // External state changes should be updated in the following order:
+    void addLayers(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>);
+    void applyTransactions(const std::vector<TransactionState>&);
+    void onHandlesDestroyed(const std::vector<uint32_t>&);
+
+    // Destroys RequestedLayerStates that are marked to be destroyed. Invokes all
+    // ILifecycleListener callbacks and clears any change flags from previous state
+    // updates. This function should be called outside the hot path since it's not
+    // critical to composition.
+    void commitChanges();
+
+    class ILifecycleListener {
+    public:
+        virtual ~ILifecycleListener() = default;
+        // Called on commitChanges when a layer is added. The callback includes
+        // the layer state the client was created with as well as any state updates
+        // until changes were committed.
+        virtual void onLayerAdded(const RequestedLayerState&) = 0;
+        // Called on commitChanges when a layer has been destroyed. The callback
+        // includes the final state before the layer was destroyed.
+        virtual void onLayerDestroyed(const RequestedLayerState&) = 0;
+    };
+    void addLifecycleListener(std::shared_ptr<ILifecycleListener>);
+    void removeLifecycleListener(std::shared_ptr<ILifecycleListener>);
+    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& getLayers() const;
+    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>>& getDestroyedLayers() const;
+    const ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes> getGlobalChanges() const;
+
+private:
+    friend class LayerLifecycleManagerTest;
+    friend class HierarchyBuilderTest;
+    friend class android::SurfaceFlinger;
+
+    RequestedLayerState* getLayerFromId(uint32_t);
+    std::vector<uint32_t>* getLinkedLayersFromId(uint32_t);
+    void linkLayer(uint32_t layerId, uint32_t layerToLink);
+    void unlinkLayer(uint32_t& inOutLayerId, uint32_t linkedLayer);
+
+    struct References {
+        // Lifetime tied to mLayers
+        RequestedLayerState& owner;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> references;
+        std::string getDebugString() const;
+    };
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, References> mIdToLayer;
+    // Listeners are invoked once changes are committed.
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ILifecycleListener>> mListeners;
+
+    // Aggregation of changes since last commit.
+    ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes> mGlobalChanges;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> mLayers;
+    // Layers pending destruction. Layers will be destroyed once changes are committed.
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> mDestroyedLayers;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45058d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "RequestedLayerState"
+
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "Layer.h"
+#include "LayerHandle.h"
+#include "RequestedLayerState.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+using ftl::Flags;
+using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
+
+namespace {
+uint32_t getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl) {
+    if (!surfaceControl) {
+        return UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    }
+
+    return LayerHandle::getLayerId(surfaceControl->getHandle());
+}
+
+std::string layerIdToString(uint32_t layerId) {
+    return layerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID ? std::to_string(layerId) : "none";
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+RequestedLayerState::RequestedLayerState(const LayerCreationArgs& args)
+      : id(args.sequence),
+        name(args.name),
+        canBeRoot(args.addToRoot),
+        layerCreationFlags(args.flags),
+        textureName(args.textureName),
+        ownerUid(args.ownerUid),
+        ownerPid(args.ownerPid) {
+    layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(args.sequence);
+    changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created;
+    metadata.merge(args.metadata);
+    changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Metadata;
+    handleAlive = true;
+    parentId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.parentHandle.promote());
+    mirrorId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.mirrorLayerHandle.promote());
+    if (mirrorId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Mirror;
+    }
+
+    flags = 0;
+    if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eHidden) flags |= layer_state_t::eLayerHidden;
+    if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eOpaque) flags |= layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque;
+    if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eSecure) flags |= layer_state_t::eLayerSecure;
+    if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eSkipScreenshot) {
+        flags |= layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot;
+    }
+    premultipliedAlpha = !(args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eNonPremultiplied);
+    potentialCursor = args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eCursorWindow;
+    protectedByApp = args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eProtectedByApp;
+    if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eNoColorFill) {
+        // Set an invalid color so there is no color fill.
+        // (b/259981098) use an explicit flag instead of relying on invalid values.
+        color.r = -1.0_hf;
+        color.g = -1.0_hf;
+        color.b = -1.0_hf;
+    } else {
+        color.rgb = {0.0_hf, 0.0_hf, 0.0_hf};
+    }
+    color.a = 1.0f;
+
+    crop.makeInvalid();
+    z = 0;
+    layerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
+    transformToDisplayInverse = false;
+    dataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+    dataspaceRequested = false;
+    hdrMetadata.validTypes = 0;
+    surfaceDamageRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
+    cornerRadius = 0.0f;
+    backgroundBlurRadius = 0;
+    api = -1;
+    hasColorTransform = false;
+    bufferTransform = 0;
+    requestedTransform.reset();
+    bufferData = std::make_shared<BufferData>();
+    bufferData->frameNumber = 0;
+    bufferData->acquireFence = sp<Fence>::make(-1);
+    acquireFenceTime = std::make_shared<FenceTime>(bufferData->acquireFence);
+    colorSpaceAgnostic = false;
+    frameRateSelectionPriority = Layer::PRIORITY_UNSET;
+    shadowRadius = 0.f;
+    fixedTransformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID;
+    destinationFrame.makeInvalid();
+    isTrustedOverlay = false;
+    dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::NONE;
+    dimmingEnabled = true;
+    defaultFrameRateCompatibility =
+            static_cast<int8_t>(scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    dataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB;
+}
+
+void RequestedLayerState::merge(const ResolvedComposerState& resolvedComposerState) {
+    bool oldFlags = flags;
+    Rect oldBufferSize = getBufferSize();
+    const layer_state_t& clientState = resolvedComposerState.state;
+
+    uint64_t clientChanges = what | layer_state_t::diff(clientState);
+    layer_state_t::merge(clientState);
+    what = clientChanges;
+
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged) {
+        if ((oldFlags ^ flags) & layer_state_t::eLayerHidden) {
+            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility;
+        }
+        if ((oldFlags ^ flags) & layer_state_t::eIgnoreDestinationFrame) {
+            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
+        }
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged && oldBufferSize != getBufferSize()) {
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
+    }
+    if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::HIERARCHY_CHANGES)
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy;
+    if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::CONTENT_CHANGES)
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content;
+    if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::GEOMETRY_CHANGES)
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
+
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged) {
+        static const mat4 identityMatrix = mat4();
+        hasColorTransform = colorTransform != identityMatrix;
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eLayerChanged) {
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Z;
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eReparent) {
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Parent;
+        parentId = getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(clientState.parentSurfaceControlForChild);
+        parentSurfaceControlForChild = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) {
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::RelativeParent;
+        relativeParentId = getLayerIdFromSurfaceControl(clientState.relativeLayerSurfaceControl);
+        isRelativeOf = true;
+        relativeLayerSurfaceControl = nullptr;
+    }
+    if ((clientState.what & layer_state_t::eLayerChanged ||
+         (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eReparent && parentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)) &&
+        isRelativeOf) {
+        // clear out relz data
+        relativeParentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+        isRelativeOf = false;
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::RelativeParent;
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eReparent && parentId == relativeParentId) {
+        // provide a hint that we are are now a direct child and not a relative child.
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::RelativeParent;
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) {
+        wp<IBinder>& touchableRegionCropHandle =
+                windowInfoHandle->editInfo()->touchableRegionCropHandle;
+        touchCropId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(touchableRegionCropHandle.promote());
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input;
+        touchableRegionCropHandle.clear();
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eStretchChanged) {
+        stretchEffect.sanitize();
+    }
+
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eHasListenerCallbacksChanged) {
+        // TODO(b/238781169) handle callbacks
+    }
+
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        externalTexture = resolvedComposerState.externalTexture;
+        hwcBufferSlot = resolvedComposerState.hwcBufferSlot;
+    }
+
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::ePositionChanged) {
+        requestedTransform.set(x, y);
+    }
+
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged) {
+        requestedTransform.set(matrix.dsdx, matrix.dtdy, matrix.dtdx, matrix.dsdy);
+    }
+}
+
+ui::Transform RequestedLayerState::getTransform() const {
+    if ((flags & layer_state_t::eIgnoreDestinationFrame) || destinationFrame.isEmpty()) {
+        // If destination frame is not set, use the requested transform set via
+        // Transaction::setPosition and Transaction::setMatrix.
+        return requestedTransform;
+    }
+
+    Rect destRect = destinationFrame;
+    int32_t destW = destRect.width();
+    int32_t destH = destRect.height();
+    if (destRect.left < 0) {
+        destRect.left = 0;
+        destRect.right = destW;
+    }
+    if (destRect.top < 0) {
+        destRect.top = 0;
+        destRect.bottom = destH;
+    }
+
+    if (!externalTexture) {
+        ui::Transform transform;
+        transform.set(static_cast<float>(destRect.left), static_cast<float>(destRect.top));
+        return transform;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t bufferWidth = externalTexture->getWidth();
+    uint32_t bufferHeight = externalTexture->getHeight();
+    // Undo any transformations on the buffer.
+    if (bufferTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
+        std::swap(bufferWidth, bufferHeight);
+    }
+    // TODO(b/238781169) remove dep
+    uint32_t invTransform = DisplayDevice::getPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags();
+    if (transformToDisplayInverse) {
+        if (invTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
+            std::swap(bufferWidth, bufferHeight);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float sx = static_cast<float>(destW) / static_cast<float>(bufferWidth);
+    float sy = static_cast<float>(destH) / static_cast<float>(bufferHeight);
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set(sx, 0, 0, sy);
+    transform.set(static_cast<float>(destRect.left), static_cast<float>(destRect.top));
+    return transform;
+}
+
+std::string RequestedLayerState::getDebugString() const {
+    return "[" + std::to_string(id) + "]" + name + ",parent=" + layerIdToString(parentId) +
+            ",relativeParent=" + layerIdToString(relativeParentId) +
+            ",isRelativeOf=" + std::to_string(isRelativeOf) +
+            ",mirrorId=" + layerIdToString(mirrorId) +
+            ",handleAlive=" + std::to_string(handleAlive);
+}
+
+std::string RequestedLayerState::getDebugStringShort() const {
+    return "[" + std::to_string(id) + "]" + name;
+}
+
+bool RequestedLayerState::canBeDestroyed() const {
+    return !handleAlive && parentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+}
+bool RequestedLayerState::isRoot() const {
+    return canBeRoot && parentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+}
+bool RequestedLayerState::isHiddenByPolicy() const {
+    return (flags & layer_state_t::eLayerHidden) == layer_state_t::eLayerHidden;
+};
+half4 RequestedLayerState::getColor() const {
+    if ((sidebandStream != nullptr) || (externalTexture != nullptr)) {
+        return {0._hf, 0._hf, 0._hf, color.a};
+    }
+    return color;
+}
+Rect RequestedLayerState::getBufferSize() const {
+    // for buffer state layers we use the display frame size as the buffer size.
+    if (!externalTexture) {
+        return Rect::INVALID_RECT;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t bufWidth = externalTexture->getWidth();
+    uint32_t bufHeight = externalTexture->getHeight();
+
+    // Undo any transformations on the buffer and return the result.
+    if (bufferTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
+        std::swap(bufWidth, bufHeight);
+    }
+
+    if (transformToDisplayInverse) {
+        // TODO(b/238781169) pass in display metrics (would be useful for input info as well
+        uint32_t invTransform = DisplayDevice::getPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags();
+        if (invTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
+            std::swap(bufWidth, bufHeight);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Rect(0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(bufWidth), static_cast<int32_t>(bufHeight));
+}
+
+Rect RequestedLayerState::getCroppedBufferSize() const {
+    Rect size = getBufferSize();
+    if (!crop.isEmpty() && size.isValid()) {
+        size.intersect(crop, &size);
+    } else if (!crop.isEmpty()) {
+        size = crop;
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+Rect RequestedLayerState::getBufferCrop() const {
+    // this is the crop rectangle that applies to the buffer
+    // itself (as opposed to the window)
+    if (!bufferCrop.isEmpty()) {
+        // if the buffer crop is defined, we use that
+        return bufferCrop;
+    } else if (externalTexture != nullptr) {
+        // otherwise we use the whole buffer
+        return externalTexture->getBounds();
+    } else {
+        // if we don't have a buffer yet, we use an empty/invalid crop
+        return Rect();
+    }
+}
+
+aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition RequestedLayerState::getCompositionType()
+        const {
+    using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition;
+    // TODO(b/238781169) check about sidestream ready flag
+    if (sidebandStream.get()) {
+        return Composition::SIDEBAND;
+    }
+    if (!externalTexture) {
+        return Composition::SOLID_COLOR;
+    }
+    if (flags & layer_state_t::eLayerIsDisplayDecoration) {
+        return Composition::DISPLAY_DECORATION;
+    }
+    if (potentialCursor) {
+        return Composition::CURSOR;
+    }
+    return Composition::DEVICE;
+}
+
+Rect RequestedLayerState::reduce(const Rect& win, const Region& exclude) {
+    if (CC_LIKELY(exclude.isEmpty())) {
+        return win;
+    }
+    if (exclude.isRect()) {
+        return win.reduce(exclude.getBounds());
+    }
+    return Region(win).subtract(exclude).getBounds();
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ddf5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h>
+#include <ftl/flags.h>
+#include <gui/LayerState.h>
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+
+#include "LayerCreationArgs.h"
+#include "TransactionState.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+// Stores client requested states for a layer.
+// This struct does not store any other states or states pertaining to
+// other layers. Links to other layers that are part of the client
+// requested state such as parent are translated to layer id so
+// we can avoid extending the lifetime of layer handles.
+struct RequestedLayerState : layer_state_t {
+    // Changes in state after merging with new state. This includes additional state
+    // changes found in layer_state_t::what.
+    enum class Changes : uint32_t {
+        Created = 1u << 0,
+        Destroyed = 1u << 1,
+        Hierarchy = 1u << 2,
+        Geometry = 1u << 3,
+        Content = 1u << 4,
+        Input = 1u << 5,
+        Z = 1u << 6,
+        Mirror = 1u << 7,
+        Parent = 1u << 8,
+        RelativeParent = 1u << 9,
+        Metadata = 1u << 10,
+        Visibility = 1u << 11,
+    };
+    static Rect reduce(const Rect& win, const Region& exclude);
+    RequestedLayerState(const LayerCreationArgs&);
+    void merge(const ResolvedComposerState&);
+    ui::Transform getTransform() const;
+    bool canBeDestroyed() const;
+    bool isRoot() const;
+    bool isHiddenByPolicy() const;
+    half4 getColor() const;
+    Rect getBufferSize() const;
+    Rect getCroppedBufferSize() const;
+    Rect getBufferCrop() const;
+    std::string getDebugString() const;
+    std::string getDebugStringShort() const;
+    aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition getCompositionType() const;
+
+    // Layer serial number.  This gives layers an explicit ordering, so we
+    // have a stable sort order when their layer stack and Z-order are
+    // the same.
+    const uint32_t id;
+    const std::string name;
+    const bool canBeRoot = false;
+    const uint32_t layerCreationFlags;
+    const uint32_t textureName;
+    // The owner of the layer. If created from a non system process, it will be the calling uid.
+    // If created from a system process, the value can be passed in.
+    const uid_t ownerUid;
+    // The owner pid of the layer. If created from a non system process, it will be the calling pid.
+    // If created from a system process, the value can be passed in.
+    const pid_t ownerPid;
+    bool dataspaceRequested;
+    bool hasColorTransform;
+    bool premultipliedAlpha{true};
+    // This layer can be a cursor on some displays.
+    bool potentialCursor{false};
+    bool protectedByApp{false}; // application requires protected path to external sink
+    ui::Transform requestedTransform;
+    std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> acquireFenceTime;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> externalTexture;
+    int hwcBufferSlot = 0;
+
+    // book keeping states
+    bool handleAlive = true;
+    bool isRelativeOf = false;
+    uint32_t parentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t relativeParentId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t mirrorId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t touchCropId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    uint32_t bgColorLayerId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+    ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes> changes;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/SwapErase.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/SwapErase.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f672f99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/SwapErase.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+// Erases the first element in vec that matches value. This is a more optimal way to
+// remove an element from a vector that avoids relocating all the elements after the one
+// that is erased.
+template <typename T>
+void swapErase(std::vector<T>& vec, const T& value) {
+    auto it = std::find(vec.begin(), vec.end(), value);
+    if (it != vec.end()) {
+        std::iter_swap(it, vec.end() - 1);
+        vec.erase(vec.end() - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// Similar to swapErase(std::vector<T>& vec, const T& value) but erases the first element
+// that returns true for predicate.
+template <typename T, class P>
+void swapErase(std::vector<T>& vec, P predicate) {
+    auto it = std::find_if(vec.begin(), vec.end(), predicate);
+    if (it != vec.end()) {
+        std::iter_swap(it, vec.end() - 1);
+        vec.erase(vec.end() - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
index 95961fe..8629671 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "TransactionHandler.h"
 
-namespace android {
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
 
 void TransactionHandler::queueTransaction(TransactionState&& state) {
     mLocklessTransactionQueue.push(std::move(state));
@@ -186,4 +186,4 @@
         mStalledTransactions.erase(it);
     }
 }
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h
index 2b6f07d..a06b870 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 
 #include <semaphore.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <queue>
-#include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <LocklessQueue.h>
@@ -30,6 +27,10 @@
 #include <ftl/small_vector.h>
 
 namespace android {
+
+class TestableSurfaceFlinger;
+namespace surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
 class TransactionHandler {
 public:
     struct TransactionFlushState {
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@
 
 private:
     // For unit tests
-    friend class TestableSurfaceFlinger;
+    friend class ::android::TestableSurfaceFlinger;
 
     int flushPendingTransactionQueues(std::vector<TransactionState>&, TransactionFlushState&);
     TransactionReadiness applyFilters(TransactionFlushState&);
@@ -71,5 +72,5 @@
     ftl::SmallVector<TransactionFilter, 2> mTransactionReadyFilters;
     std::vector<uint64_t> mStalledTransactions;
 };
-
+} // namespace surfaceflinger::frontend
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 2a18521..0017af0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -195,8 +195,7 @@
         mDrawingState.color.b = -1.0_hf;
     }
 
-    mFrameTracker.setDisplayRefreshPeriod(
-            args.flinger->mScheduler->getVsyncPeriodFromRefreshRateSelector());
+    mFrameTracker.setDisplayRefreshPeriod(args.flinger->mScheduler->getLeaderVsyncPeriod());
 
     mOwnerUid = args.ownerUid;
     mOwnerPid = args.ownerPid;
@@ -1124,7 +1123,7 @@
 
     // We return whether this layer ot its children has a vote. We ignore ExactOrMultiple votes for
     // the same reason we are allowing touch boost for those layers. See
-    // RefreshRateSelector::rankRefreshRates for details.
+    // RefreshRateSelector::rankFrameRates for details.
     const auto layerVotedWithDefaultCompatibility =
             frameRate.rate.isValid() && frameRate.type == FrameRateCompatibility::Default;
     const auto layerVotedWithNoVote = frameRate.type == FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote;
@@ -2841,7 +2840,7 @@
 bool Layer::setBuffer(std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
                       const BufferData& bufferData, nsecs_t postTime, nsecs_t desiredPresentTime,
                       bool isAutoTimestamp, std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime,
-                      const FrameTimelineInfo& info) {
+                      const FrameTimelineInfo& info, int hwcBufferSlot) {
     ATRACE_FORMAT("setBuffer %s - hasBuffer=%s", getDebugName(), (buffer ? "true" : "false"));
     if (!buffer) {
         return false;
@@ -2887,7 +2886,7 @@
     mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener = bufferData.releaseBufferListener;
     mDrawingState.buffer = std::move(buffer);
     mDrawingState.clientCacheId = bufferData.cachedBuffer;
-
+    mDrawingState.hwcBufferSlot = hwcBufferSlot;
     mDrawingState.acquireFence = bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged)
             ? bufferData.acquireFence
             : Fence::NO_FENCE;
@@ -3186,7 +3185,7 @@
     mBufferInfo.mHdrMetadata = mDrawingState.hdrMetadata;
     mBufferInfo.mApi = mDrawingState.api;
     mBufferInfo.mTransformToDisplayInverse = mDrawingState.transformToDisplayInverse;
-    mBufferInfo.mBufferSlot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(mDrawingState.clientCacheId);
+    mBufferInfo.mBufferSlot = mDrawingState.hwcBufferSlot;
 }
 
 Rect Layer::computeBufferCrop(const State& s) {
@@ -3205,7 +3204,6 @@
     LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, LayerMetadata());
     args.textureName = mTextureName;
     sp<Layer> layer = mFlinger->getFactory().createBufferStateLayer(args);
-    layer->mHwcSlotGenerator = mHwcSlotGenerator;
     layer->setInitialValuesForClone(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
     return layer;
 }
@@ -3599,7 +3597,7 @@
     }
 
     if (display) {
-        const Fps refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveModePtr()->getFps();
+        const Fps refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().fps;
         const std::optional<Fps> renderRate =
                 mFlinger->mScheduler->getFrameRateOverride(getOwnerUid());
 
@@ -3970,18 +3968,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+int Layer::getHwcCacheSlot(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) {
+    return mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(clientCacheId);
+}
+
 LayerSnapshotGuard::LayerSnapshotGuard(Layer* layer) : mLayer(layer) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mLayer, "LayerSnapshotGuard received a null layer.");
-    mLayer->mLayerFE->mSnapshot = std::move(mLayer->mSnapshot);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mLayer->mLayerFE->mSnapshot,
-                        "LayerFE snapshot null after taking ownership from layer");
+    if (mLayer) {
+        mLayer->mLayerFE->mSnapshot = std::move(mLayer->mSnapshot);
+    }
 }
 
 LayerSnapshotGuard::~LayerSnapshotGuard() {
     if (mLayer) {
         mLayer->mSnapshot = std::move(mLayer->mLayerFE->mSnapshot);
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mLayer->mSnapshot,
-                            "Layer snapshot null after taking ownership from LayerFE");
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 9585fa9..f743896 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@
 } // namespace frametimeline
 
 class Layer : public virtual RefBase {
+public:
     // The following constants represent priority of the window. SF uses this information when
     // deciding which window has a priority when deciding about the refresh rate of the screen.
     // Priority 0 is considered the highest priority. -1 means that the priority is unset.
@@ -94,7 +95,6 @@
     // Windows that are not in focus, but voted for a specific mode ID.
     static constexpr int32_t PRIORITY_NOT_FOCUSED_WITH_MODE = 2;
 
-public:
     enum { // flags for doTransaction()
         eDontUpdateGeometryState = 0x00000001,
         eVisibleRegion = 0x00000002,
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@
         bool transformToDisplayInverse;
         Region transparentRegionHint;
         std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer;
+        int hwcBufferSlot;
         client_cache_t clientCacheId;
         sp<Fence> acquireFence;
         std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> acquireFenceTime;
@@ -297,7 +298,8 @@
     bool setBuffer(std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& /* buffer */,
                    const BufferData& /* bufferData */, nsecs_t /* postTime */,
                    nsecs_t /*desiredPresentTime*/, bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/,
-                   std::optional<nsecs_t> /* dequeueTime */, const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/);
+                   std::optional<nsecs_t> /* dequeueTime */, const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/,
+                   int /* hwcBufferSlot */);
     bool setDataspace(ui::Dataspace /*dataspace*/);
     bool setHdrMetadata(const HdrMetadata& /*hdrMetadata*/);
     bool setSurfaceDamageRegion(const Region& /*surfaceDamage*/);
@@ -811,6 +813,7 @@
     void updateMetadataSnapshot(const LayerMetadata& parentMetadata);
     void updateRelativeMetadataSnapshot(const LayerMetadata& relativeLayerMetadata,
                                         std::unordered_set<Layer*>& visited);
+    int getHwcCacheSlot(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId);
 
 protected:
     // For unit tests
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index 8d4ea05..4be1ac7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <deque>
+#include <map>
 
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <ftl/fake_guard.h>
 #include <ftl/match.h>
 #include <ftl/unit.h>
+#include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 #include "../SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
 namespace {
 
 struct RefreshRateScore {
-    DisplayModeIterator modeIt;
+    FrameRateMode frameRateMode;
     float overallScore;
     struct {
         float modeBelowThreshold;
@@ -77,19 +79,11 @@
     return knownFrameRates;
 }
 
-// The Filter is a `bool(const DisplayMode&)` predicate.
-template <typename Filter>
-std::vector<DisplayModeIterator> sortByRefreshRate(const DisplayModes& modes, Filter&& filter) {
+std::vector<DisplayModeIterator> sortByRefreshRate(const DisplayModes& modes) {
     std::vector<DisplayModeIterator> sortedModes;
     sortedModes.reserve(modes.size());
-
     for (auto it = modes.begin(); it != modes.end(); ++it) {
-        const auto& [id, mode] = *it;
-
-        if (filter(*mode)) {
-            ALOGV("%s: including mode %d", __func__, id.value());
-            sortedModes.push_back(it);
-        }
+        sortedModes.push_back(it);
     }
 
     std::sort(sortedModes.begin(), sortedModes.end(), [](auto it1, auto it2) {
@@ -106,6 +100,21 @@
     return sortedModes;
 }
 
+std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> divisorRange(Fps fps, FpsRange range,
+                                           RefreshRateSelector::Config::FrameRateOverride config) {
+    if (config != RefreshRateSelector::Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
+        return {1, 1};
+    }
+
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator/;
+    const auto start = std::max(1u, fps / range.max - 1);
+    const auto end = fps /
+            std::max(range.min, RefreshRateSelector::kMinSupportedFrameRate,
+                     fps_approx_ops::operator<);
+
+    return {start, end};
+}
+
 bool shouldEnableFrameRateOverride(const std::vector<DisplayModeIterator>& sortedModes) {
     for (const auto it1 : sortedModes) {
         const auto& mode1 = it1->second;
@@ -136,27 +145,109 @@
 
 } // namespace
 
+auto RefreshRateSelector::createFrameRateModes(
+        std::function<bool(const DisplayMode&)>&& filterModes, const FpsRange& renderRange) const
+        -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+    struct Key {
+        Fps fps;
+        int32_t group;
+    };
+
+    struct KeyLess {
+        bool operator()(const Key& a, const Key& b) const {
+            using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+            if (a.fps != b.fps) {
+                return a.fps < b.fps;
+            }
+
+            // For the same fps the order doesn't really matter, but we still
+            // want the behaviour of a strictly less operator.
+            // We use the group id as the secondary ordering for that.
+            return a.group < b.group;
+        }
+    };
+
+    std::map<Key, DisplayModeIterator, KeyLess> ratesMap;
+    for (auto it = mDisplayModes.begin(); it != mDisplayModes.end(); ++it) {
+        const auto& [id, mode] = *it;
+
+        if (!filterModes(*mode)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const auto [start, end] =
+                divisorRange(mode->getFps(), renderRange, mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride);
+        for (auto divisor = start; divisor <= end; divisor++) {
+            const auto fps = mode->getFps() / divisor;
+            using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
+            if (fps < kMinSupportedFrameRate) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled &&
+                !renderRange.includes(fps)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride ==
+                        Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates &&
+                !isNativeRefreshRate(fps)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto [existingIter, emplaceHappened] =
+                    ratesMap.try_emplace(Key{fps, mode->getGroup()}, it);
+            if (emplaceHappened) {
+                ALOGV("%s: including %s (%s)", __func__, to_string(fps).c_str(),
+                      to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str());
+            } else {
+                // We might need to update the map as we found a lower refresh rate
+                if (isStrictlyLess(mode->getFps(), existingIter->second->second->getFps())) {
+                    existingIter->second = it;
+                    ALOGV("%s: changing %s (%s)", __func__, to_string(fps).c_str(),
+                          to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<FrameRateMode> frameRateModes;
+    frameRateModes.reserve(ratesMap.size());
+    for (const auto& [key, mode] : ratesMap) {
+        frameRateModes.emplace_back(FrameRateMode{key.fps, ftl::as_non_null(mode->second)});
+    }
+
+    // We always want that the lowest frame rate will be corresponding to the
+    // lowest mode for power saving.
+    const auto lowestRefreshRateIt =
+            std::min_element(frameRateModes.begin(), frameRateModes.end(),
+                             [](const FrameRateMode& lhs, const FrameRateMode& rhs) {
+                                 return isStrictlyLess(lhs.modePtr->getFps(),
+                                                       rhs.modePtr->getFps());
+                             });
+    frameRateModes.erase(frameRateModes.begin(), lowestRefreshRateIt);
+
+    return frameRateModes;
+}
+
 struct RefreshRateSelector::RefreshRateScoreComparator {
     bool operator()(const RefreshRateScore& lhs, const RefreshRateScore& rhs) const {
-        const auto& [modeIt, overallScore, _] = lhs;
+        const auto& [frameRateMode, overallScore, _] = lhs;
 
-        std::string name = to_string(modeIt->second->getFps());
+        std::string name = to_string(frameRateMode);
+
         ALOGV("%s sorting scores %.2f", name.c_str(), overallScore);
-
         ATRACE_INT(name.c_str(), static_cast<int>(std::round(overallScore * 100)));
 
-        if (!ScoredRefreshRate::scoresEqual(overallScore, rhs.overallScore)) {
+        if (!ScoredFrameRate::scoresEqual(overallScore, rhs.overallScore)) {
             return overallScore > rhs.overallScore;
         }
 
-        // If overallScore tie we will pick the higher refresh rate if
-        // high refresh rate is the priority else the lower refresh rate.
         if (refreshRateOrder == RefreshRateOrder::Descending) {
             using fps_approx_ops::operator>;
-            return modeIt->second->getFps() > rhs.modeIt->second->getFps();
+            return frameRateMode.fps > rhs.frameRateMode.fps;
         } else {
             using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
-            return modeIt->second->getFps() < rhs.modeIt->second->getFps();
+            return frameRateMode.fps < rhs.frameRateMode.fps;
         }
     }
 
@@ -210,7 +301,15 @@
 
     if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple ||
         layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
-        if (isFractionalPairOrMultiple(refreshRate, layer.desiredRefreshRate)) {
+        const float multiplier = refreshRate.getValue() / layer.desiredRefreshRate.getValue();
+
+        // We only want to score this layer as a fractional pair if the content is not
+        // significantly faster than the display rate, at it would cause a significant frame drop.
+        // It is more appropriate to choose a higher display rate even if
+        // a pull-down will be required.
+        constexpr float kMinMultiplier = 0.25f;
+        if (multiplier >= kMinMultiplier &&
+            isFractionalPairOrMultiple(refreshRate, layer.desiredRefreshRate)) {
             return kScoreForFractionalPairs;
         }
 
@@ -245,9 +344,9 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-float RefreshRateSelector::calculateRefreshRateScoreForFps(Fps refreshRate) const {
-    const float ratio =
-            refreshRate.getValue() / mAppRequestRefreshRates.back()->second->getFps().getValue();
+float RefreshRateSelector::calculateDistanceScoreFromMax(Fps refreshRate) const {
+    const auto& maxFps = mAppRequestFrameRates.back().fps;
+    const float ratio = refreshRate.getValue() / maxFps.getValue();
     // Use ratio^2 to get a lower score the more we get further from peak
     return ratio * ratio;
 }
@@ -260,12 +359,12 @@
 
     // If the layer wants Max, give higher score to the higher refresh rate
     if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Max) {
-        return calculateRefreshRateScoreForFps(refreshRate);
+        return calculateDistanceScoreFromMax(refreshRate);
     }
 
     if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact) {
         const int divisor = getFrameRateDivisor(refreshRate, layer.desiredRefreshRate);
-        if (supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent()) {
+        if (supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent()) {
             // Since we support frame rate override, allow refresh rates which are
             // multiples of the layer's request, as those apps would be throttled
             // down to run at the desired refresh rate.
@@ -289,33 +388,33 @@
             kNonExactMatchingPenalty;
 }
 
-auto RefreshRateSelector::getRankedRefreshRates(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                GlobalSignals signals) const -> RankedRefreshRates {
+auto RefreshRateSelector::getRankedFrameRates(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
+                                              GlobalSignals signals) const -> RankedFrameRates {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
-    if (mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache &&
-        mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache->arguments == std::make_pair(layers, signals)) {
-        return mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache->result;
+    if (mGetRankedFrameRatesCache &&
+        mGetRankedFrameRatesCache->arguments == std::make_pair(layers, signals)) {
+        return mGetRankedFrameRatesCache->result;
     }
 
-    const auto result = getRankedRefreshRatesLocked(layers, signals);
-    mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache = GetRankedRefreshRatesCache{{layers, signals}, result};
+    const auto result = getRankedFrameRatesLocked(layers, signals);
+    mGetRankedFrameRatesCache = GetRankedFrameRatesCache{{layers, signals}, result};
     return result;
 }
 
-auto RefreshRateSelector::getRankedRefreshRatesLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                      GlobalSignals signals) const
-        -> RankedRefreshRates {
+auto RefreshRateSelector::getRankedFrameRatesLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
+                                                    GlobalSignals signals) const
+        -> RankedFrameRates {
     using namespace fps_approx_ops;
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGV("%s: %zu layers", __func__, layers.size());
 
-    const auto& activeMode = *getActiveModeItLocked()->second;
+    const auto& activeMode = *getActiveModeLocked().modePtr;
 
-    // Keep the display at max refresh rate for the duration of powering on the display.
+    // Keep the display at max frame rate for the duration of powering on the display.
     if (signals.powerOnImminent) {
         ALOGV("Power On Imminent");
-        return {rankRefreshRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Descending),
+        return {rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Descending),
                 GlobalSignals{.powerOnImminent = true}};
     }
 
@@ -375,7 +474,7 @@
     // selected a refresh rate to see if we should apply touch boost.
     if (signals.touch && !hasExplicitVoteLayers) {
         ALOGV("Touch Boost");
-        return {rankRefreshRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending),
+        return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending),
                 GlobalSignals{.touch = true}};
     }
 
@@ -387,27 +486,27 @@
 
     if (!signals.touch && signals.idle && !(primaryRangeIsSingleRate && hasExplicitVoteLayers)) {
         ALOGV("Idle");
-        return {rankRefreshRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending),
+        return {rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending),
                 GlobalSignals{.idle = true}};
     }
 
     if (layers.empty() || noVoteLayers == layers.size()) {
         ALOGV("No layers with votes");
-        return {rankRefreshRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending), kNoSignals};
+        return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending), kNoSignals};
     }
 
     // Only if all layers want Min we should return Min
     if (noVoteLayers + minVoteLayers == layers.size()) {
         ALOGV("All layers Min");
-        return {rankRefreshRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending), kNoSignals};
+        return {rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending), kNoSignals};
     }
 
     // Find the best refresh rate based on score
     std::vector<RefreshRateScore> scores;
-    scores.reserve(mAppRequestRefreshRates.size());
+    scores.reserve(mAppRequestFrameRates.size());
 
-    for (const DisplayModeIterator modeIt : mAppRequestRefreshRates) {
-        scores.emplace_back(RefreshRateScore{modeIt, 0.0f});
+    for (const FrameRateMode& it : mAppRequestFrameRates) {
+        scores.emplace_back(RefreshRateScore{it, 0.0f});
     }
 
     for (const auto& layer : layers) {
@@ -420,13 +519,13 @@
 
         const auto weight = layer.weight;
 
-        for (auto& [modeIt, overallScore, fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore] : scores) {
-            const auto& [id, mode] = *modeIt;
-            const bool isSeamlessSwitch = mode->getGroup() == activeMode.getGroup();
+        for (auto& [mode, overallScore, fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore] : scores) {
+            const auto& [fps, modePtr] = mode;
+            const bool isSeamlessSwitch = modePtr->getGroup() == activeMode.getGroup();
 
             if (layer.seamlessness == Seamlessness::OnlySeamless && !isSeamlessSwitch) {
                 ALOGV("%s ignores %s to avoid non-seamless switch. Current mode = %s",
-                      formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(*mode).c_str(),
+                      formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(*modePtr).c_str(),
                       to_string(activeMode).c_str());
                 continue;
             }
@@ -435,7 +534,7 @@
                 !layer.focused) {
                 ALOGV("%s ignores %s because it's not focused and the switch is going to be seamed."
                       " Current mode = %s",
-                      formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(*mode).c_str(),
+                      formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(*modePtr).c_str(),
                       to_string(activeMode).c_str());
                 continue;
             }
@@ -445,14 +544,14 @@
             // mode group otherwise. In second case, if the current mode group is different
             // from the default, this means a layer with seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless has just
             // disappeared.
-            const bool isInPolicyForDefault = mode->getGroup() == anchorGroup;
+            const bool isInPolicyForDefault = modePtr->getGroup() == anchorGroup;
             if (layer.seamlessness == Seamlessness::Default && !isInPolicyForDefault) {
                 ALOGV("%s ignores %s. Current mode = %s", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
-                      to_string(*mode).c_str(), to_string(activeMode).c_str());
+                      to_string(*modePtr).c_str(), to_string(activeMode).c_str());
                 continue;
             }
 
-            const bool inPrimaryRange = policy->primaryRanges.physical.includes(mode->getFps());
+            const bool inPrimaryRange = policy->primaryRanges.physical.includes(modePtr->getFps());
             if ((primaryRangeIsSingleRate || !inPrimaryRange) &&
                 !(layer.focused &&
                   (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault ||
@@ -462,8 +561,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            const float layerScore =
-                    calculateLayerScoreLocked(layer, mode->getFps(), isSeamlessSwitch);
+            const float layerScore = calculateLayerScoreLocked(layer, fps, isSeamlessSwitch);
             const float weightedLayerScore = weight * layerScore;
 
             // Layer with fixed source has a special consideration which depends on the
@@ -491,21 +589,21 @@
                             Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold / 2);
             if (fixedSourceLayer && layerBelowThreshold) {
                 const bool modeAboveThreshold =
-                        mode->getFps() >= Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold);
+                        modePtr->getFps() >= Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold);
                 if (modeAboveThreshold) {
-                    ALOGV("%s gives %s fixed source (above threshold) score of %.4f",
-                          formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str(),
-                          layerScore);
+                    ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s) fixed source (above threshold) score of %.4f",
+                          formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(fps).c_str(),
+                          to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), layerScore);
                     fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore.modeAboveThreshold += weightedLayerScore;
                 } else {
-                    ALOGV("%s gives %s fixed source (below threshold) score of %.4f",
-                          formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str(),
-                          layerScore);
+                    ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s) fixed source (below threshold) score of %.4f",
+                          formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(), to_string(fps).c_str(),
+                          to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), layerScore);
                     fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore.modeBelowThreshold += weightedLayerScore;
                 }
             } else {
-                ALOGV("%s gives %s score of %.4f", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
-                      to_string(mode->getFps()).c_str(), layerScore);
+                ALOGV("%s gives %s (%s) score of %.4f", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
+                      to_string(fps).c_str(), to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), layerScore);
                 overallScore += weightedLayerScore;
             }
         }
@@ -524,25 +622,26 @@
         const auto maxScoreIt =
                 std::max_element(scores.begin(), scores.end(),
                                  [](RefreshRateScore max, RefreshRateScore current) {
-                                     const auto& [modeIt, overallScore, _] = current;
-                                     return overallScore > max.overallScore;
+                                     return current.overallScore > max.overallScore;
                                  });
-        ALOGV("%s is the best refresh rate without fixed source layers. It is %s the threshold for "
+        ALOGV("%s (%s) is the best refresh rate without fixed source layers. It is %s the "
+              "threshold for "
               "refresh rate multiples",
-              to_string(maxScoreIt->modeIt->second->getFps()).c_str(),
+              to_string(maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.fps).c_str(),
+              to_string(maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps()).c_str(),
               maxScoreAboveThreshold ? "above" : "below");
-        return maxScoreIt->modeIt->second->getFps() >=
+        return maxScoreIt->frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps() >=
                 Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold);
     }();
 
     // Now we can add the fixed rate layers score
-    for (auto& [modeIt, overallScore, fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore] : scores) {
+    for (auto& [frameRateMode, overallScore, fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore] : scores) {
         overallScore += fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore.modeBelowThreshold;
         if (maxScoreAboveThreshold) {
             overallScore += fixedRateBelowThresholdLayersScore.modeAboveThreshold;
         }
-        ALOGV("%s adjusted overallScore is %.4f", to_string(modeIt->second->getFps()).c_str(),
-              overallScore);
+        ALOGV("%s (%s) adjusted overallScore is %.4f", to_string(frameRateMode.fps).c_str(),
+              to_string(frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), overallScore);
     }
 
     // Now that we scored all the refresh rates we need to pick the one that got the highest
@@ -552,12 +651,12 @@
     std::sort(scores.begin(), scores.end(),
               RefreshRateScoreComparator{.refreshRateOrder = refreshRateOrder});
 
-    RefreshRateRanking ranking;
+    FrameRateRanking ranking;
     ranking.reserve(scores.size());
 
     std::transform(scores.begin(), scores.end(), back_inserter(ranking),
                    [](const RefreshRateScore& score) {
-                       return ScoredRefreshRate{score.modeIt->second, score.overallScore};
+                       return ScoredFrameRate{score.frameRateMode, score.overallScore};
                    });
 
     const bool noLayerScore = std::all_of(scores.begin(), scores.end(), [](RefreshRateScore score) {
@@ -569,7 +668,7 @@
         // range instead of picking a random score from the app range.
         if (noLayerScore) {
             ALOGV("Layers not scored");
-            return {rankRefreshRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending), kNoSignals};
+            return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending), kNoSignals};
         } else {
             return {ranking, kNoSignals};
         }
@@ -580,7 +679,7 @@
     // vote we should not change it if we get a touch event. Only apply touch boost if it will
     // actually increase the refresh rate over the normal selection.
     const bool touchBoostForExplicitExact = [&] {
-        if (supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent()) {
+        if (supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent()) {
             // Enable touch boost if there are other layers besides exact
             return explicitExact + noVoteLayers != layers.size();
         } else {
@@ -589,12 +688,11 @@
         }
     }();
 
-    const auto touchRefreshRates = rankRefreshRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
-
+    const auto touchRefreshRates = rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
     using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
 
     if (signals.touch && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && touchBoostForExplicitExact &&
-        scores.front().modeIt->second->getFps() < touchRefreshRates.front().modePtr->getFps()) {
+        scores.front().frameRateMode.fps < touchRefreshRates.front().frameRateMode.fps) {
         ALOGV("Touch Boost");
         return {touchRefreshRates, GlobalSignals{.touch = true}};
     }
@@ -603,7 +701,7 @@
     // current config
     if (noLayerScore && refreshRateOrder == RefreshRateOrder::Ascending) {
         const auto preferredDisplayMode = activeMode.getId();
-        return {rankRefreshRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Ascending, preferredDisplayMode),
+        return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Ascending, preferredDisplayMode),
                 kNoSignals};
     }
 
@@ -649,20 +747,13 @@
                                                 GlobalSignals globalSignals) const
         -> UidToFrameRateOverride {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    ALOGV("%s: %zu layers", __func__, layers.size());
-
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-
-    // Prepare a set of supported display refresh rates for easy lookup
-    constexpr size_t kStaticCapacity = 8;
-    ftl::SmallMap<Fps, ftl::Unit, kStaticCapacity, FpsApproxEqual> supportedDisplayRefreshRates;
-    if (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride ==
-        Config::FrameRateOverride::EnabledForNativeRefreshRates) {
-        for (const auto& [_, modePtr] : mDisplayModes) {
-            supportedDisplayRefreshRates.try_emplace(modePtr->getFps(), ftl::unit);
-        }
+    if (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        return {};
     }
 
+    ALOGV("%s: %zu layers", __func__, layers.size());
+    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
     const auto* policyPtr = getCurrentPolicyLocked();
     // We don't want to run lower than 30fps
     const Fps minFrameRate = std::max(policyPtr->appRequestRanges.render.min, 30_Hz, isApproxLess);
@@ -676,8 +767,8 @@
     for (unsigned n = numMultiples; n > 0; n--) {
         const Fps divisor = displayRefreshRate / n;
         if (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride ==
-                    Config::FrameRateOverride::EnabledForNativeRefreshRates &&
-            !supportedDisplayRefreshRates.contains(divisor)) {
+                    Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates &&
+            !isNativeRefreshRate(divisor)) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -736,7 +827,7 @@
                                   [](const auto& lhsPair, const auto& rhsPair) {
                                       const float lhs = lhsPair.second;
                                       const float rhs = rhsPair.second;
-                                      return lhs < rhs && !ScoredRefreshRate::scoresEqual(lhs, rhs);
+                                      return lhs < rhs && !ScoredFrameRate::scoresEqual(lhs, rhs);
                                   });
         ALOGV("%s: overriding to %s for uid=%d", __func__, to_string(overrideFps).c_str(), uid);
         frameRateOverrides.emplace(uid, overrideFps);
@@ -751,7 +842,7 @@
 
     const DisplayModePtr& current = desiredActiveModeId
             ? mDisplayModes.get(*desiredActiveModeId)->get()
-            : getActiveModeItLocked()->second;
+            : getActiveModeLocked().modePtr.get();
 
     const DisplayModePtr& min = mMinRefreshRateModeIt->second;
     if (current == min) {
@@ -763,12 +854,11 @@
 }
 
 const DisplayModePtr& RefreshRateSelector::getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked() const {
-    const auto& activeMode = *getActiveModeItLocked()->second;
+    const auto& activeMode = *getActiveModeLocked().modePtr;
 
-    for (const DisplayModeIterator modeIt : mPrimaryRefreshRates) {
-        const auto& mode = modeIt->second;
-        if (activeMode.getGroup() == mode->getGroup()) {
-            return mode;
+    for (const FrameRateMode& mode : mPrimaryFrameRates) {
+        if (activeMode.getGroup() == mode.modePtr->getGroup()) {
+            return mode.modePtr.get();
         }
     }
 
@@ -776,55 +866,72 @@
           to_string(activeMode).c_str());
 
     // Default to the lowest refresh rate.
-    return mPrimaryRefreshRates.front()->second;
+    return mPrimaryFrameRates.front().modePtr.get();
 }
 
 const DisplayModePtr& RefreshRateSelector::getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(int anchorGroup) const {
-    for (auto it = mPrimaryRefreshRates.rbegin(); it != mPrimaryRefreshRates.rend(); ++it) {
-        const auto& mode = (*it)->second;
-        if (anchorGroup == mode->getGroup()) {
-            return mode;
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>* maxByAnchor = &mPrimaryFrameRates.back().modePtr;
+    const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>* max = &mPrimaryFrameRates.back().modePtr;
+
+    bool maxByAnchorFound = false;
+    for (auto it = mPrimaryFrameRates.rbegin(); it != mPrimaryFrameRates.rend(); ++it) {
+        using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+        if (it->modePtr->getFps() > (*max)->getFps()) {
+            max = &it->modePtr;
         }
+
+        if (anchorGroup == it->modePtr->getGroup() &&
+            it->modePtr->getFps() >= (*maxByAnchor)->getFps()) {
+            maxByAnchorFound = true;
+            maxByAnchor = &it->modePtr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (maxByAnchorFound) {
+        return maxByAnchor->get();
     }
 
     ALOGE("Can't find max refresh rate by policy with the same group %d", anchorGroup);
 
     // Default to the highest refresh rate.
-    return mPrimaryRefreshRates.back()->second;
+    return max->get();
 }
 
-auto RefreshRateSelector::rankRefreshRates(
-        std::optional<int> anchorGroupOpt, RefreshRateOrder refreshRateOrder,
-        std::optional<DisplayModeId> preferredDisplayModeOpt) const -> RefreshRateRanking {
-    std::deque<ScoredRefreshRate> ranking;
-
-    const auto rankRefreshRate = [&](DisplayModeIterator it) REQUIRES(mLock) {
-        const auto& mode = it->second;
-        if (anchorGroupOpt && mode->getGroup() != anchorGroupOpt) {
+auto RefreshRateSelector::rankFrameRates(std::optional<int> anchorGroupOpt,
+                                         RefreshRateOrder refreshRateOrder,
+                                         std::optional<DisplayModeId> preferredDisplayModeOpt) const
+        -> FrameRateRanking {
+    const char* const whence = __func__;
+    std::deque<ScoredFrameRate> ranking;
+    const auto rankFrameRate = [&](const FrameRateMode& frameRateMode) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        const auto& modePtr = frameRateMode.modePtr;
+        if (anchorGroupOpt && modePtr->getGroup() != anchorGroupOpt) {
             return;
         }
 
-        float score = calculateRefreshRateScoreForFps(mode->getFps());
+        float score = calculateDistanceScoreFromMax(frameRateMode.fps);
         const bool inverseScore = (refreshRateOrder == RefreshRateOrder::Ascending);
         if (inverseScore) {
             score = 1.0f / score;
         }
         if (preferredDisplayModeOpt) {
-            if (*preferredDisplayModeOpt == mode->getId()) {
+            if (*preferredDisplayModeOpt == modePtr->getId()) {
                 constexpr float kScore = std::numeric_limits<float>::max();
-                ranking.push_front(ScoredRefreshRate{mode, kScore});
+                ranking.emplace_front(ScoredFrameRate{frameRateMode, kScore});
                 return;
             }
             constexpr float kNonPreferredModePenalty = 0.95f;
             score *= kNonPreferredModePenalty;
         }
-        ranking.push_back(ScoredRefreshRate{mode, score});
+        ALOGV("%s(%s) %s (%s) scored %.2f", whence, ftl::enum_string(refreshRateOrder).c_str(),
+              to_string(frameRateMode.fps).c_str(), to_string(modePtr->getFps()).c_str(), score);
+        ranking.emplace_back(ScoredFrameRate{frameRateMode, score});
     };
 
     if (refreshRateOrder == RefreshRateOrder::Ascending) {
-        std::for_each(mPrimaryRefreshRates.begin(), mPrimaryRefreshRates.end(), rankRefreshRate);
+        std::for_each(mPrimaryFrameRates.begin(), mPrimaryFrameRates.end(), rankFrameRate);
     } else {
-        std::for_each(mPrimaryRefreshRates.rbegin(), mPrimaryRefreshRates.rend(), rankRefreshRate);
+        std::for_each(mPrimaryFrameRates.rbegin(), mPrimaryFrameRates.rend(), rankFrameRate);
     }
 
     if (!ranking.empty() || !anchorGroupOpt) {
@@ -836,34 +943,29 @@
           refreshRateOrder == RefreshRateOrder::Ascending ? "min" : "max", anchorGroupOpt.value());
 
     constexpr std::optional<int> kNoAnchorGroup = std::nullopt;
-    return rankRefreshRates(kNoAnchorGroup, refreshRateOrder, preferredDisplayModeOpt);
+    return rankFrameRates(kNoAnchorGroup, refreshRateOrder, preferredDisplayModeOpt);
 }
 
-DisplayModePtr RefreshRateSelector::getActiveModePtr() const {
+FrameRateMode RefreshRateSelector::getActiveMode() const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-    return getActiveModeItLocked()->second;
+    return getActiveModeLocked();
 }
 
-const DisplayMode& RefreshRateSelector::getActiveMode() const {
-    // Reads from kMainThreadContext do not require mLock.
-    ftl::FakeGuard guard(mLock);
-    return *mActiveModeIt->second;
+const FrameRateMode& RefreshRateSelector::getActiveModeLocked() const {
+    return *mActiveModeOpt;
 }
 
-DisplayModeIterator RefreshRateSelector::getActiveModeItLocked() const {
-    // Reads under mLock do not require kMainThreadContext.
-    return FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mActiveModeIt);
-}
-
-void RefreshRateSelector::setActiveModeId(DisplayModeId modeId) {
+void RefreshRateSelector::setActiveMode(DisplayModeId modeId, Fps renderFrameRate) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
-    // Invalidate the cached invocation to getRankedRefreshRates. This forces
-    // the refresh rate to be recomputed on the next call to getRankedRefreshRates.
-    mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache.reset();
+    // Invalidate the cached invocation to getRankedFrameRates. This forces
+    // the refresh rate to be recomputed on the next call to getRankedFrameRates.
+    mGetRankedFrameRatesCache.reset();
 
-    mActiveModeIt = mDisplayModes.find(modeId);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mActiveModeIt == mDisplayModes.end());
+    const auto activeModeOpt = mDisplayModes.get(modeId);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!activeModeOpt);
+
+    mActiveModeOpt.emplace(FrameRateMode{renderFrameRate, ftl::as_non_null(activeModeOpt->get())});
 }
 
 RefreshRateSelector::RefreshRateSelector(DisplayModes modes, DisplayModeId activeModeId,
@@ -895,16 +997,17 @@
 void RefreshRateSelector::updateDisplayModes(DisplayModes modes, DisplayModeId activeModeId) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
-    // Invalidate the cached invocation to getRankedRefreshRates. This forces
-    // the refresh rate to be recomputed on the next call to getRankedRefreshRates.
-    mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache.reset();
+    // Invalidate the cached invocation to getRankedFrameRates. This forces
+    // the refresh rate to be recomputed on the next call to getRankedFrameRates.
+    mGetRankedFrameRatesCache.reset();
 
     mDisplayModes = std::move(modes);
-    mActiveModeIt = mDisplayModes.find(activeModeId);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mActiveModeIt == mDisplayModes.end());
+    const auto activeModeOpt = mDisplayModes.get(activeModeId);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!activeModeOpt);
+    mActiveModeOpt =
+            FrameRateMode{activeModeOpt->get()->getFps(), ftl::as_non_null(activeModeOpt->get())};
 
-    const auto sortedModes =
-            sortByRefreshRate(mDisplayModes, [](const DisplayMode&) { return true; });
+    const auto sortedModes = sortByRefreshRate(mDisplayModes);
     mMinRefreshRateModeIt = sortedModes.front();
     mMaxRefreshRateModeIt = sortedModes.back();
 
@@ -915,15 +1018,23 @@
     mFrameRateOverrideConfig = [&] {
         switch (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride) {
             case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
             case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
                 return mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride;
-            case Config::FrameRateOverride::EnabledForNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
                 return shouldEnableFrameRateOverride(sortedModes)
-                        ? Config::FrameRateOverride::EnabledForNativeRefreshRates
+                        ? Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates
                         : Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled;
         }
     }();
 
+    if (mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride ==
+        Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates) {
+        for (const auto& [_, mode] : mDisplayModes) {
+            mAppOverrideNativeRefreshRates.try_emplace(mode->getFps(), ftl::unit);
+        }
+    }
+
     constructAvailableRefreshRates();
 }
 
@@ -939,13 +1050,18 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
-    return policy.appRequestRanges.physical.min <= policy.primaryRanges.physical.min &&
-            policy.appRequestRanges.physical.max >= policy.primaryRanges.physical.max;
+    const auto& primaryRanges = policy.primaryRanges;
+    const auto& appRequestRanges = policy.appRequestRanges;
+    ALOGE_IF(!appRequestRanges.physical.includes(primaryRanges.physical),
+             "Physical range is invalid");
+    ALOGE_IF(!appRequestRanges.render.includes(primaryRanges.render), "Render range is invalid");
+
+    return primaryRanges.valid() && appRequestRanges.valid();
 }
 
 auto RefreshRateSelector::setPolicy(const PolicyVariant& policy) -> SetPolicyResult {
     Policy oldPolicy;
+    PhysicalDisplayId displayId;
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
         oldPolicy = *getCurrentPolicyLocked();
@@ -979,15 +1095,16 @@
             return SetPolicyResult::Invalid;
         }
 
-        mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache.reset();
+        mGetRankedFrameRatesCache.reset();
 
         if (*getCurrentPolicyLocked() == oldPolicy) {
             return SetPolicyResult::Unchanged;
         }
         constructAvailableRefreshRates();
+
+        displayId = getActiveModeLocked().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
     }
 
-    const auto displayId = getActiveMode().getPhysicalDisplayId();
     const unsigned numModeChanges = std::exchange(mNumModeSwitchesInPolicy, 0u);
 
     ALOGI("Display %s policy changed\n"
@@ -1014,12 +1131,10 @@
     return mDisplayManagerPolicy;
 }
 
-bool RefreshRateSelector::isModeAllowed(DisplayModeId modeId) const {
+bool RefreshRateSelector::isModeAllowed(const FrameRateMode& mode) const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-    return std::any_of(mAppRequestRefreshRates.begin(), mAppRequestRefreshRates.end(),
-                       [modeId](DisplayModeIterator modeIt) {
-                           return modeIt->second->getId() == modeId;
-                       });
+    return std::find(mAppRequestFrameRates.begin(), mAppRequestFrameRates.end(), mode) !=
+            mAppRequestFrameRates.end();
 }
 
 void RefreshRateSelector::constructAvailableRefreshRates() {
@@ -1029,33 +1144,35 @@
 
     const auto& defaultMode = mDisplayModes.get(policy->defaultMode)->get();
 
-    const auto filterRefreshRates = [&](FpsRange range, const char* rangeName) REQUIRES(mLock) {
-        const auto filter = [&](const DisplayMode& mode) {
+    const auto filterRefreshRates = [&](const FpsRanges& ranges,
+                                        const char* rangeName) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        const auto filterModes = [&](const DisplayMode& mode) {
             return mode.getResolution() == defaultMode->getResolution() &&
                     mode.getDpi() == defaultMode->getDpi() &&
                     (policy->allowGroupSwitching || mode.getGroup() == defaultMode->getGroup()) &&
-                    range.includes(mode.getFps());
+                    ranges.physical.includes(mode.getFps()) &&
+                    (supportsFrameRateOverride() || ranges.render.includes(mode.getFps()));
         };
 
-        const auto modes = sortByRefreshRate(mDisplayModes, filter);
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(modes.empty(), "No matching modes for %s range %s", rangeName,
-                            to_string(range).c_str());
+        const auto frameRateModes = createFrameRateModes(filterModes, ranges.render);
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(frameRateModes.empty(),
+                            "No matching frame rate modes for %s physicalRange %s", rangeName,
+                            to_string(ranges.physical).c_str());
 
         const auto stringifyModes = [&] {
             std::string str;
-            for (const auto modeIt : modes) {
-                str += to_string(modeIt->second->getFps());
-                str.push_back(' ');
+            for (const auto& frameRateMode : frameRateModes) {
+                str += to_string(frameRateMode) + " ";
             }
             return str;
         };
-        ALOGV("%s refresh rates: %s", rangeName, stringifyModes().c_str());
+        ALOGV("%s render rates: %s", rangeName, stringifyModes().c_str());
 
-        return modes;
+        return frameRateModes;
     };
 
-    mPrimaryRefreshRates = filterRefreshRates(policy->primaryRanges.physical, "primary");
-    mAppRequestRefreshRates = filterRefreshRates(policy->appRequestRanges.physical, "app request");
+    mPrimaryFrameRates = filterRefreshRates(policy->primaryRanges, "primary");
+    mAppRequestFrameRates = filterRefreshRates(policy->appRequestRanges, "app request");
 }
 
 Fps RefreshRateSelector::findClosestKnownFrameRate(Fps frameRate) const {
@@ -1091,7 +1208,7 @@
     }
 
     const DisplayModePtr& maxByPolicy =
-            getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(getActiveModeItLocked()->second->getGroup());
+            getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(getActiveModeLocked().modePtr->getGroup());
     if (minByPolicy == maxByPolicy) {
         // Turn on the timer when the min of the primary range is below the device min.
         if (const Policy* currentPolicy = getCurrentPolicyLocked();
@@ -1137,8 +1254,8 @@
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
-    const auto activeModeId = getActiveModeItLocked()->first;
-    dumper.dump("activeModeId"sv, std::to_string(activeModeId.value()));
+    const auto activeMode = getActiveModeLocked();
+    dumper.dump("activeMode"sv, to_string(activeMode));
 
     dumper.dump("displayModes"sv);
     {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
index 0e80817..1ed16c6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@
 
 #include <ftl/concat.h>
 #include <ftl/optional.h>
+#include <ftl/unit.h>
 #include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
 
 #include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+#include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
 #include <scheduler/Seamlessness.h>
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
@@ -58,6 +60,9 @@
     static constexpr nsecs_t MARGIN_FOR_PERIOD_CALCULATION =
             std::chrono::nanoseconds(800us).count();
 
+    // The lowest Render Frame Rate that will ever be selected
+    static constexpr Fps kMinSupportedFrameRate = 20_Hz;
+
     class Policy {
         static constexpr int kAllowGroupSwitchingDefault = false;
 
@@ -128,7 +133,7 @@
     Policy getDisplayManagerPolicy() const EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     // Returns true if mode is allowed by the current policy.
-    bool isModeAllowed(DisplayModeId) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+    bool isModeAllowed(const FrameRateMode&) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     // Describes the different options the layer voted for refresh rate
     enum class LayerVoteType {
@@ -196,12 +201,12 @@
         }
     };
 
-    struct ScoredRefreshRate {
-        DisplayModePtr modePtr;
+    struct ScoredFrameRate {
+        FrameRateMode frameRateMode;
         float score = 0.0f;
 
-        bool operator==(const ScoredRefreshRate& other) const {
-            return modePtr == other.modePtr && score == other.score;
+        bool operator==(const ScoredFrameRate& other) const {
+            return frameRateMode == other.frameRateMode && score == other.score;
         }
 
         static bool scoresEqual(float lhs, float rhs) {
@@ -210,25 +215,25 @@
         }
 
         struct DescendingScore {
-            bool operator()(const ScoredRefreshRate& lhs, const ScoredRefreshRate& rhs) const {
+            bool operator()(const ScoredFrameRate& lhs, const ScoredFrameRate& rhs) const {
                 return lhs.score > rhs.score && !scoresEqual(lhs.score, rhs.score);
             }
         };
     };
 
-    using RefreshRateRanking = std::vector<ScoredRefreshRate>;
+    using FrameRateRanking = std::vector<ScoredFrameRate>;
 
-    struct RankedRefreshRates {
-        RefreshRateRanking ranking; // Ordered by descending score.
+    struct RankedFrameRates {
+        FrameRateRanking ranking; // Ordered by descending score.
         GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
 
-        bool operator==(const RankedRefreshRates& other) const {
+        bool operator==(const RankedFrameRates& other) const {
             return ranking == other.ranking && consideredSignals == other.consideredSignals;
         }
     };
 
-    RankedRefreshRates getRankedRefreshRates(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&,
-                                             GlobalSignals) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+    RankedFrameRates getRankedFrameRates(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&, GlobalSignals) const
+            EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     FpsRange getSupportedRefreshRateRange() const EXCLUDES(mLock) {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
@@ -238,11 +243,10 @@
     std::optional<Fps> onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId> desiredActiveModeId,
                                             bool timerExpired) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
-    void setActiveModeId(DisplayModeId) EXCLUDES(mLock) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void setActiveMode(DisplayModeId, Fps renderFrameRate) EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
-    // See mActiveModeIt for thread safety.
-    DisplayModePtr getActiveModePtr() const EXCLUDES(mLock);
-    const DisplayMode& getActiveMode() const REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    // See mActiveModeOpt for thread safety.
+    FrameRateMode getActiveMode() const EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     // Returns a known frame rate that is the closest to frameRate
     Fps findClosestKnownFrameRate(Fps frameRate) const;
@@ -257,9 +261,12 @@
 
             // Override the frame rate for an app to a value which is also
             // a display refresh rate
-            EnabledForNativeRefreshRates,
+            AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates,
 
             // Override the frame rate for an app to any value
+            AppOverride,
+
+            // Override the frame rate for all apps and all values.
             Enabled,
 
             ftl_last = Enabled
@@ -291,10 +298,13 @@
 
     // Returns whether switching modes (refresh rate or resolution) is possible.
     // TODO(b/158780872): Consider HAL support, and skip frame rate detection if the modes only
-    // differ in resolution.
+    //  differ in resolution. Once Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled becomes the default,
+    //  we can probably remove canSwitch altogether since all devices will be able
+    //  to switch to a frame rate divisor.
     bool canSwitch() const EXCLUDES(mLock) {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-        return mDisplayModes.size() > 1;
+        return mDisplayModes.size() > 1 ||
+                mFrameRateOverrideConfig == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled;
     }
 
     // Class to enumerate options around toggling the kernel timer on and off.
@@ -307,10 +317,14 @@
     // refresh rates.
     KernelIdleTimerAction getIdleTimerAction() const;
 
-    bool supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent() const {
+    bool supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent() const {
         return mFrameRateOverrideConfig != Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled;
     }
 
+    bool supportsFrameRateOverride() const {
+        return mFrameRateOverrideConfig == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled;
+    }
+
     // Return the display refresh rate divisor to match the layer
     // frame rate, or 0 if the display refresh rate is not a multiple of the
     // layer refresh rate.
@@ -363,14 +377,16 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void resetIdleTimer(bool kernelOnly) {
-        if (!mIdleTimer) {
-            return;
+    void resetKernelIdleTimer() {
+        if (mIdleTimer && mConfig.kernelIdleTimerController) {
+            mIdleTimer->reset();
         }
-        if (kernelOnly && !mConfig.kernelIdleTimerController.has_value()) {
-            return;
+    }
+
+    void resetIdleTimer() {
+        if (mIdleTimer) {
+            mIdleTimer->reset();
         }
-        mIdleTimer->reset();
     }
 
     void dump(utils::Dumper&) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
@@ -382,11 +398,11 @@
 
     void constructAvailableRefreshRates() REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    // See mActiveModeIt for thread safety.
-    DisplayModeIterator getActiveModeItLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    // See mActiveModeOpt for thread safety.
+    const FrameRateMode& getActiveModeLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    RankedRefreshRates getRankedRefreshRatesLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&,
-                                                   GlobalSignals) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    RankedFrameRates getRankedFrameRatesLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
+                                               GlobalSignals signals) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Returns number of display frames and remainder when dividing the layer refresh period by
     // display refresh period.
@@ -402,18 +418,24 @@
 
     struct RefreshRateScoreComparator;
 
-    enum class RefreshRateOrder { Ascending, Descending };
+    enum class RefreshRateOrder {
+        Ascending,
+        Descending,
+
+        ftl_last = Descending
+    };
 
     // Only uses the primary range, not the app request range.
-    RefreshRateRanking rankRefreshRates(std::optional<int> anchorGroupOpt, RefreshRateOrder,
-                                        std::optional<DisplayModeId> preferredDisplayModeOpt =
-                                                std::nullopt) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    FrameRateRanking rankFrameRates(
+            std::optional<int> anchorGroupOpt, RefreshRateOrder refreshRateOrder,
+            std::optional<DisplayModeId> preferredDisplayModeOpt = std::nullopt) const
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     const Policy* getCurrentPolicyLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool isPolicyValidLocked(const Policy& policy) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Returns the refresh rate score as a ratio to max refresh rate, which has a score of 1.
-    float calculateRefreshRateScoreForFps(Fps refreshRate) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    float calculateDistanceScoreFromMax(Fps refreshRate) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     // calculates a score for a layer. Used to determine the display refresh rate
     // and the frame rate override for certains applications.
     float calculateLayerScoreLocked(const LayerRequirement&, Fps refreshRate,
@@ -434,21 +456,35 @@
                                                              : mIdleTimerCallbacks->platform;
     }
 
+    bool isNativeRefreshRate(Fps fps) const REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mConfig.enableFrameRateOverride !=
+                                    Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates,
+                            "should only be called when "
+                            "Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates is used");
+        return mAppOverrideNativeRefreshRates.contains(fps);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<FrameRateMode> createFrameRateModes(
+            std::function<bool(const DisplayMode&)>&& filterModes, const FpsRange&) const
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
+
     // The display modes of the active display. The DisplayModeIterators below are pointers into
     // this container, so must be invalidated whenever the DisplayModes change. The Policy below
     // is also dependent, so must be reset as well.
     DisplayModes mDisplayModes GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    // Written under mLock exclusively from kMainThreadContext, so reads from kMainThreadContext
-    // need not be under mLock.
-    DisplayModeIterator mActiveModeIt GUARDED_BY(mLock) GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
+    // Set of supported display refresh rates for easy lookup
+    // when FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates is in use.
+    ftl::SmallMap<Fps, ftl::Unit, 8, FpsApproxEqual> mAppOverrideNativeRefreshRates;
+
+    ftl::Optional<FrameRateMode> mActiveModeOpt GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     DisplayModeIterator mMinRefreshRateModeIt GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     DisplayModeIterator mMaxRefreshRateModeIt GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     // Display modes that satisfy the Policy's ranges, filtered and sorted by refresh rate.
-    std::vector<DisplayModeIterator> mPrimaryRefreshRates GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    std::vector<DisplayModeIterator> mAppRequestRefreshRates GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::vector<FrameRateMode> mPrimaryFrameRates GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::vector<FrameRateMode> mAppRequestFrameRates GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     Policy mDisplayManagerPolicy GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::optional<Policy> mOverridePolicy GUARDED_BY(mLock);
@@ -464,11 +500,11 @@
     const Config mConfig;
     Config::FrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverrideConfig;
 
-    struct GetRankedRefreshRatesCache {
+    struct GetRankedFrameRatesCache {
         std::pair<std::vector<LayerRequirement>, GlobalSignals> arguments;
-        RankedRefreshRates result;
+        RankedFrameRates result;
     };
-    mutable std::optional<GetRankedRefreshRatesCache> mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    mutable std::optional<GetRankedFrameRatesCache> mGetRankedFrameRatesCache GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     // Declare mIdleTimer last to ensure its thread joins before the mutex/callbacks are destroyed.
     std::mutex mIdleTimerCallbacksMutex;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 6108d92..7f8f600 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     mTouchTimer.reset();
 
     // Stop idle timer and clear callbacks, as the RefreshRateSelector may outlive the Scheduler.
-    setRefreshRateSelector(nullptr);
+    demoteLeaderDisplay();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::startTimers() {
@@ -95,40 +95,29 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::setRefreshRateSelector(RefreshRateSelectorPtr newSelectorPtr) {
-    // No need to lock for reads on kMainThreadContext.
-    if (const auto& selectorPtr = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mRefreshRateSelectorLock, mRefreshRateSelector)) {
-        unbindIdleTimer(*selectorPtr);
-    }
+void Scheduler::setLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> leaderIdOpt) {
+    demoteLeaderDisplay();
 
-    {
-        // Clear state that depends on the current RefreshRateSelector.
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mPolicyLock);
-        mPolicy = {};
-    }
-
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-    mRefreshRateSelector = std::move(newSelectorPtr);
-
-    if (mRefreshRateSelector) {
-        bindIdleTimer(*mRefreshRateSelector);
-    }
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
+    promoteLeaderDisplay(leaderIdOpt);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr) {
-    if (!mLeaderDisplayId) {
-        mLeaderDisplayId = displayId;
-    }
+    demoteLeaderDisplay();
 
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     mRefreshRateSelectors.emplace_or_replace(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
+
+    promoteLeaderDisplay();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
-    if (mLeaderDisplayId == displayId) {
-        mLeaderDisplayId.reset();
-    }
+    demoteLeaderDisplay();
 
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
     mRefreshRateSelectors.erase(displayId);
+
+    promoteLeaderDisplay();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::run() {
@@ -163,7 +152,7 @@
 
 std::optional<Fps> Scheduler::getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const {
     const bool supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent =
-            holdRefreshRateSelector()->supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent();
+            leaderSelectorPtr()->supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent();
     return mFrameRateOverrideMappings
             .getFrameRateOverrideForUid(uid, supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent);
 }
@@ -178,8 +167,6 @@
 }
 
 impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback Scheduler::makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-
     return [this](nsecs_t expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid_t uid) {
         return !isVsyncValid(TimePoint::fromNs(expectedVsyncTimestamp), uid);
     };
@@ -187,7 +174,7 @@
 
 impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction Scheduler::makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const {
     return [this](uid_t uid) {
-        const Fps refreshRate = holdRefreshRateSelector()->getActiveModePtr()->getFps();
+        const Fps refreshRate = leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps;
         const nsecs_t currentPeriod = mVsyncSchedule->period().ns() ?: refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
 
         const auto frameRate = getFrameRateOverride(uid);
@@ -281,7 +268,7 @@
 
 void Scheduler::onFrameRateOverridesChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
     const bool supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent =
-            holdRefreshRateSelector()->supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent();
+            leaderSelectorPtr()->supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent();
 
     std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides =
             mFrameRateOverrideMappings.getAllFrameRateOverrides(supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent);
@@ -295,7 +282,7 @@
     thread->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(displayId, std::move(overrides));
 }
 
-void Scheduler::onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, DisplayModePtr mode) {
+void Scheduler::onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, const FrameRateMode& mode) {
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
         // Cache the last reported modes for primary display.
@@ -310,7 +297,7 @@
 
 void Scheduler::dispatchCachedReportedMode() {
     // Check optional fields first.
-    if (!mPolicy.mode) {
+    if (!mPolicy.modeOpt) {
         ALOGW("No mode ID found, not dispatching cached mode.");
         return;
     }
@@ -322,29 +309,28 @@
     // If the mode is not the current mode, this means that a
     // mode change is in progress. In that case we shouldn't dispatch an event
     // as it will be dispatched when the current mode changes.
-    if (std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-        mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveModePtr() != mPolicy.mode) {
+    if (leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode() != mPolicy.modeOpt) {
         return;
     }
 
     // If there is no change from cached mode, there is no need to dispatch an event
-    if (mPolicy.mode == mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode) {
+    if (*mPolicy.modeOpt == mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode) {
         return;
     }
 
-    mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode = mPolicy.mode;
+    mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode = *mPolicy.modeOpt;
     onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->handle,
                                    mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode);
 }
 
-void Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, DisplayModePtr mode) {
+void Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, const FrameRateMode& mode) {
     android::EventThread* thread;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectionsLock);
         RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle);
         thread = mConnections[handle].thread.get();
     }
-    thread->onModeChanged(mode);
+    thread->onModeChanged(mode.modePtr.get());
 }
 
 size_t Scheduler::getEventThreadConnectionCount(ConnectionHandle handle) {
@@ -409,6 +395,24 @@
     setVsyncPeriod(refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs());
 }
 
+void Scheduler::setRenderRate(Fps renderFrameRate) {
+    const auto mode = leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode();
+
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator!=;
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(renderFrameRate != mode.fps,
+                        "Mismatch in render frame rates. Selector: %s, Scheduler: %s",
+                        to_string(mode.fps).c_str(), to_string(renderFrameRate).c_str());
+
+    ALOGV("%s %s (%s)", __func__, to_string(mode.fps).c_str(),
+          to_string(mode.modePtr->getFps()).c_str());
+
+    const auto divisor = RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(mode.modePtr->getFps(), mode.fps);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(divisor == 0, "%s <> %s -- not divisors", to_string(mode.fps).c_str(),
+                        to_string(mode.fps).c_str());
+
+    mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().setDivisor(static_cast<unsigned>(divisor));
+}
+
 void Scheduler::resync() {
     static constexpr nsecs_t kIgnoreDelay = ms2ns(750);
 
@@ -416,10 +420,7 @@
     const nsecs_t last = mLastResyncTime.exchange(now);
 
     if (now - last > kIgnoreDelay) {
-        const auto refreshRate = [&] {
-            std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-            return mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveModePtr()->getFps();
-        }();
+        const auto refreshRate = leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
         resyncToHardwareVsync(false, refreshRate);
     }
 }
@@ -478,12 +479,9 @@
 
 void Scheduler::recordLayerHistory(Layer* layer, nsecs_t presentTime,
                                    LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType updateType) {
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-        if (!mRefreshRateSelector->canSwitch()) return;
+    if (leaderSelectorPtr()->canSwitch()) {
+        mLayerHistory.record(layer, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
     }
-
-    mLayerHistory.record(layer, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::setModeChangePending(bool pending) {
@@ -496,7 +494,7 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::chooseRefreshRateForContent() {
-    const auto selectorPtr = holdRefreshRateSelector();
+    const auto selectorPtr = leaderSelectorPtr();
     if (!selectorPtr->canSwitch()) return;
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -506,16 +504,13 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::resetIdleTimer() {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-    mRefreshRateSelector->resetIdleTimer(/*kernelOnly*/ false);
+    leaderSelectorPtr()->resetIdleTimer();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onTouchHint() {
     if (mTouchTimer) {
         mTouchTimer->reset();
-
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-        mRefreshRateSelector->resetIdleTimer(/*kernelOnly*/ true);
+        leaderSelectorPtr()->resetKernelIdleTimer();
     }
 }
 
@@ -535,30 +530,12 @@
     mLayerHistory.clear();
 }
 
-void Scheduler::bindIdleTimer(RefreshRateSelector& selector) {
-    selector.setIdleTimerCallbacks(
-            {.platform = {.onReset = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
-                          .onExpired = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }},
-             .kernel = {.onReset = [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
-                        .onExpired = [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }}});
-
-    selector.startIdleTimer();
-}
-
-void Scheduler::unbindIdleTimer(RefreshRateSelector& selector) {
-    selector.stopIdleTimer();
-    selector.clearIdleTimerCallbacks();
-}
-
 void Scheduler::kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredKernelIdleTimer", static_cast<int>(state));
 
     // TODO(145561154): cleanup the kernel idle timer implementation and the refresh rate
     // magic number
-    const Fps refreshRate = [&] {
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-        return mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveModePtr()->getFps();
-    }();
+    const Fps refreshRate = leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
 
     constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER = 65_Hz;
     using namespace fps_approx_ops;
@@ -614,7 +591,11 @@
     }
     {
         utils::Dumper::Section section(dumper, "Policy"sv);
-
+        {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
+            ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+            dumper.dump("leaderDisplayId"sv, mLeaderDisplayId);
+        }
         dumper.dump("layerHistory"sv, mLayerHistory.dump());
         dumper.dump("touchTimer"sv, mTouchTimer.transform(&OneShotTimer::interval));
         dumper.dump("displayPowerTimer"sv, mDisplayPowerTimer.transform(&OneShotTimer::interval));
@@ -638,17 +619,44 @@
 }
 
 bool Scheduler::updateFrameRateOverrides(GlobalSignals consideredSignals, Fps displayRefreshRate) {
-    // we always update mFrameRateOverridesByContent here
-    // supportsFrameRateOverridesByContent will be checked
-    // when getting FrameRateOverrides from mFrameRateOverrideMappings
-    if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
-        const auto frameRateOverrides =
-                holdRefreshRateSelector()->getFrameRateOverrides(mPolicy.contentRequirements,
-                                                                 displayRefreshRate,
-                                                                 consideredSignals);
-        return mFrameRateOverrideMappings.updateFrameRateOverridesByContent(frameRateOverrides);
+    if (consideredSignals.idle) return false;
+
+    const auto frameRateOverrides =
+            leaderSelectorPtr()->getFrameRateOverrides(mPolicy.contentRequirements,
+                                                       displayRefreshRate, consideredSignals);
+
+    // Note that RefreshRateSelector::supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent is checked when querying
+    // the FrameRateOverrideMappings rather than here.
+    return mFrameRateOverrideMappings.updateFrameRateOverridesByContent(frameRateOverrides);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::promoteLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> leaderIdOpt) {
+    // TODO(b/241286431): Choose the leader display.
+    mLeaderDisplayId = leaderIdOpt.value_or(mRefreshRateSelectors.begin()->first);
+    ALOGI("Display %s is the leader", to_string(*mLeaderDisplayId).c_str());
+
+    if (const auto leaderPtr = leaderSelectorPtrLocked()) {
+        leaderPtr->setIdleTimerCallbacks(
+                {.platform = {.onReset = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
+                              .onExpired = [this] { idleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }},
+                 .kernel = {.onReset = [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
+                            .onExpired =
+                                    [this] { kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); }}});
+
+        leaderPtr->startIdleTimer();
     }
-    return false;
+}
+
+void Scheduler::demoteLeaderDisplay() {
+    // No need to lock for reads on kMainThreadContext.
+    if (const auto leaderPtr = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mDisplayLock, leaderSelectorPtrLocked())) {
+        leaderPtr->stopIdleTimer();
+        leaderPtr->clearIdleTimerCallbacks();
+    }
+
+    // Clear state that depends on the leader's RefreshRateSelector.
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mPolicyLock);
+    mPolicy = {};
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename T>
@@ -660,36 +668,41 @@
     bool frameRateOverridesChanged;
 
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mPolicyLock);
 
         auto& currentState = mPolicy.*statePtr;
         if (currentState == newState) return {};
         currentState = std::forward<T>(newState);
 
-        auto modeChoices = chooseDisplayModes();
+        DisplayModeChoiceMap modeChoices;
+        ftl::Optional<FrameRateMode> modeOpt;
+        {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
+            ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
-        // TODO(b/240743786): The leader display's mode must change for any DisplayModeRequest to go
-        // through. Fix this by tracking per-display Scheduler::Policy and timers.
-        DisplayModePtr modePtr;
-        std::tie(modePtr, consideredSignals) =
-                modeChoices.get(*mLeaderDisplayId)
-                        .transform([](const DisplayModeChoice& choice) {
-                            return std::make_pair(choice.modePtr, choice.consideredSignals);
-                        })
-                        .value();
+            modeChoices = chooseDisplayModes();
+
+            // TODO(b/240743786): The leader display's mode must change for any DisplayModeRequest
+            // to go through. Fix this by tracking per-display Scheduler::Policy and timers.
+            std::tie(modeOpt, consideredSignals) =
+                    modeChoices.get(*mLeaderDisplayId)
+                            .transform([](const DisplayModeChoice& choice) {
+                                return std::make_pair(choice.mode, choice.consideredSignals);
+                            })
+                            .value();
+        }
 
         modeRequests.reserve(modeChoices.size());
         for (auto& [id, choice] : modeChoices) {
             modeRequests.emplace_back(
-                    display::DisplayModeRequest{.modePtr =
-                                                        ftl::as_non_null(std::move(choice.modePtr)),
+                    display::DisplayModeRequest{.mode = std::move(choice.mode),
                                                 .emitEvent = !choice.consideredSignals.idle});
         }
 
-        frameRateOverridesChanged = updateFrameRateOverrides(consideredSignals, modePtr->getFps());
+        frameRateOverridesChanged = updateFrameRateOverrides(consideredSignals, modeOpt->fps);
 
-        if (mPolicy.mode != modePtr) {
-            mPolicy.mode = modePtr;
+        if (mPolicy.modeOpt != modeOpt) {
+            mPolicy.modeOpt = modeOpt;
             refreshRateChanged = true;
         } else {
             // We don't need to change the display mode, but we might need to send an event
@@ -711,7 +724,7 @@
 auto Scheduler::chooseDisplayModes() const -> DisplayModeChoiceMap {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    using RankedRefreshRates = RefreshRateSelector::RankedRefreshRates;
+    using RankedRefreshRates = RefreshRateSelector::RankedFrameRates;
     display::PhysicalDisplayVector<RankedRefreshRates> perDisplayRanking;
 
     // Tallies the score of a refresh rate across `displayCount` displays.
@@ -729,11 +742,11 @@
     const auto globalSignals = makeGlobalSignals();
 
     for (const auto& [id, selectorPtr] : mRefreshRateSelectors) {
-        auto rankedRefreshRates =
-                selectorPtr->getRankedRefreshRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements, globalSignals);
+        auto rankedFrameRates =
+                selectorPtr->getRankedFrameRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements, globalSignals);
 
-        for (const auto& [modePtr, score] : rankedRefreshRates.ranking) {
-            const auto [it, inserted] = refreshRateTallies.try_emplace(modePtr->getFps(), score);
+        for (const auto& [frameRateMode, score] : rankedFrameRates.ranking) {
+            const auto [it, inserted] = refreshRateTallies.try_emplace(frameRateMode.fps, score);
 
             if (!inserted) {
                 auto& tally = it->second;
@@ -742,7 +755,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        perDisplayRanking.push_back(std::move(rankedRefreshRates));
+        perDisplayRanking.push_back(std::move(rankedFrameRates));
     }
 
     auto maxScoreIt = refreshRateTallies.cbegin();
@@ -775,16 +788,16 @@
 
     for (auto& [ranking, signals] : perDisplayRanking) {
         if (!chosenFps) {
-            auto& [modePtr, _] = ranking.front();
-            modeChoices.try_emplace(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                    DisplayModeChoice{std::move(modePtr), signals});
+            const auto& [frameRateMode, _] = ranking.front();
+            modeChoices.try_emplace(frameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
+                                    DisplayModeChoice{frameRateMode, signals});
             continue;
         }
 
-        for (auto& [modePtr, _] : ranking) {
-            if (modePtr->getFps() == *chosenFps) {
-                modeChoices.try_emplace(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                        DisplayModeChoice{std::move(modePtr), signals});
+        for (auto& [frameRateMode, _] : ranking) {
+            if (frameRateMode.fps == *chosenFps) {
+                modeChoices.try_emplace(frameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
+                                        DisplayModeChoice{frameRateMode, signals});
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -802,18 +815,18 @@
             .powerOnImminent = powerOnImminent};
 }
 
-DisplayModePtr Scheduler::getPreferredDisplayMode() {
+ftl::Optional<FrameRateMode> Scheduler::getPreferredDisplayMode() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
     // Make sure the stored mode is up to date.
-    if (mPolicy.mode) {
+    if (mPolicy.modeOpt) {
         const auto ranking =
-                holdRefreshRateSelector()
-                        ->getRankedRefreshRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements, makeGlobalSignals())
+                leaderSelectorPtr()
+                        ->getRankedFrameRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements, makeGlobalSignals())
                         .ranking;
 
-        mPolicy.mode = ranking.front().modePtr;
+        mPolicy.modeOpt = ranking.front().frameRateMode;
     }
-    return mPolicy.mode;
+    return mPolicy.modeOpt;
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onNewVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline(const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& timeline) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 04f3b69..cf2ffb8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <future>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
 
+#include <ftl/fake_guard.h>
+#include <ftl/optional.h>
 #include <scheduler/Features.h>
 #include <scheduler/Time.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayId.h>
@@ -108,12 +109,15 @@
 
     void startTimers();
 
-    using RefreshRateSelectorPtr = std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector>;
-    void setRefreshRateSelector(RefreshRateSelectorPtr) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
-            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    // TODO(b/241285191): Remove this API by promoting leader in onScreen{Acquired,Released}.
+    void setLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId>) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
+            EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
-    void registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr);
-    void unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId);
+    using RefreshRateSelectorPtr = std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector>;
+
+    void registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
+            EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
     void run();
 
@@ -145,8 +149,8 @@
     sp<EventThreadConnection> getEventConnection(ConnectionHandle);
 
     void onHotplugReceived(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId, bool connected);
-    void onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, DisplayModePtr) EXCLUDES(mPolicyLock);
-    void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, DisplayModePtr);
+    void onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, const FrameRateMode&) EXCLUDES(mPolicyLock);
+    void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, const FrameRateMode&);
     void onScreenAcquired(ConnectionHandle);
     void onScreenReleased(ConnectionHandle);
 
@@ -157,6 +161,9 @@
     void setDuration(ConnectionHandle, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                      std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
 
+    // Sets the render rate for the scheduler to run at.
+    void setRenderRate(Fps);
+
     void enableHardwareVsync();
     void disableHardwareVsync(bool makeUnavailable);
 
@@ -165,7 +172,7 @@
     // Otherwise, if hardware vsync is not already enabled then this method will
     // no-op.
     void resyncToHardwareVsync(bool makeAvailable, Fps refreshRate);
-    void resync() EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    void resync() EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void forceNextResync() { mLastResyncTime = 0; }
 
     // Passes a vsync sample to VsyncController. periodFlushed will be true if
@@ -176,14 +183,14 @@
 
     // Layers are registered on creation, and unregistered when the weak reference expires.
     void registerLayer(Layer*);
-    void recordLayerHistory(Layer*, nsecs_t presentTime, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType updateType)
-            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    void recordLayerHistory(Layer*, nsecs_t presentTime, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType)
+            EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void setModeChangePending(bool pending);
     void setDefaultFrameRateCompatibility(Layer*);
     void deregisterLayer(Layer*);
 
     // Detects content using layer history, and selects a matching refresh rate.
-    void chooseRefreshRateForContent() EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    void chooseRefreshRateForContent() EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
     void resetIdleTimer();
 
@@ -203,7 +210,7 @@
     void dumpVsync(std::string&) const;
 
     // Get the appropriate refresh for current conditions.
-    DisplayModePtr getPreferredDisplayMode();
+    ftl::Optional<FrameRateMode> getPreferredDisplayMode();
 
     // Notifies the scheduler about a refresh rate timeline change.
     void onNewVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline(const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& timeline);
@@ -228,11 +235,10 @@
     void setGameModeRefreshRateForUid(FrameRateOverride);
 
     // Retrieves the overridden refresh rate for a given uid.
-    std::optional<Fps> getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    std::optional<Fps> getFrameRateOverride(uid_t) const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
-    nsecs_t getVsyncPeriodFromRefreshRateSelector() const EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock) {
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-        return mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveModePtr()->getFps().getPeriodNsecs();
+    nsecs_t getLeaderVsyncPeriod() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
+        return leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriodNsecs();
     }
 
     // Returns the framerate of the layer with the given sequence ID
@@ -255,21 +261,23 @@
     sp<EventThreadConnection> createConnectionInternal(
             EventThread*, EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {});
 
-    void bindIdleTimer(RefreshRateSelector&) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext, mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-
-    // Blocks until the timer thread exits. `mRefreshRateSelectorLock` must not be locked by the
-    // caller on the main thread to avoid deadlock, since the timer thread locks it before exit.
-    static void unbindIdleTimer(RefreshRateSelector&) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext)
-            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-
     // Update feature state machine to given state when corresponding timer resets or expires.
-    void kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState) EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    void kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void idleTimerCallback(TimerState);
     void touchTimerCallback(TimerState);
     void displayPowerTimerCallback(TimerState);
 
     void setVsyncPeriod(nsecs_t period);
 
+    // Chooses a leader among the registered displays, unless `leaderIdOpt` is specified. The new
+    // `mLeaderDisplayId` is never `std::nullopt`.
+    void promoteLeaderDisplay(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> leaderIdOpt = std::nullopt)
+            REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext, mDisplayLock);
+
+    // Blocks until the leader's idle timer thread exits. `mDisplayLock` must not be locked by the
+    // caller on the main thread to avoid deadlock, since the timer thread locks it before exit.
+    void demoteLeaderDisplay() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock, mPolicyLock);
+
     struct Policy;
 
     // Sets the S state of the policy to the T value under mPolicyLock, and chooses a display mode
@@ -278,41 +286,38 @@
     GlobalSignals applyPolicy(S Policy::*, T&&) EXCLUDES(mPolicyLock);
 
     struct DisplayModeChoice {
-        DisplayModeChoice(DisplayModePtr modePtr, GlobalSignals consideredSignals)
-              : modePtr(std::move(modePtr)), consideredSignals(consideredSignals) {}
+        DisplayModeChoice(FrameRateMode mode, GlobalSignals consideredSignals)
+              : mode(std::move(mode)), consideredSignals(consideredSignals) {}
 
-        DisplayModePtr modePtr;
+        FrameRateMode mode;
         GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
 
         bool operator==(const DisplayModeChoice& other) const {
-            return modePtr == other.modePtr && consideredSignals == other.consideredSignals;
+            return mode == other.mode && consideredSignals == other.consideredSignals;
         }
 
         // For tests.
         friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const DisplayModeChoice& choice) {
-            return stream << '{' << to_string(*choice.modePtr) << " considering "
+            return stream << '{' << to_string(*choice.mode.modePtr) << " considering "
                           << choice.consideredSignals.toString().c_str() << '}';
         }
     };
 
     using DisplayModeChoiceMap = display::PhysicalDisplayMap<PhysicalDisplayId, DisplayModeChoice>;
-    DisplayModeChoiceMap chooseDisplayModes() const REQUIRES(mPolicyLock);
+
+    // See mDisplayLock for thread safety.
+    DisplayModeChoiceMap chooseDisplayModes() const
+            REQUIRES(mPolicyLock, mDisplayLock, kMainThreadContext);
 
     GlobalSignals makeGlobalSignals() const REQUIRES(mPolicyLock);
 
     bool updateFrameRateOverrides(GlobalSignals, Fps displayRefreshRate) REQUIRES(mPolicyLock);
 
-    void dispatchCachedReportedMode() REQUIRES(mPolicyLock) EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    void dispatchCachedReportedMode() REQUIRES(mPolicyLock) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
-    android::impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const
-            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
+    android::impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const;
     android::impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const;
 
-    RefreshRateSelectorPtr holdRefreshRateSelector() const EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateSelectorLock) {
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-        return mRefreshRateSelector;
-    }
-
     // Stores EventThread associated with a given VSyncSource, and an initial EventThreadConnection.
     struct Connection {
         sp<EventThreadConnection> connection;
@@ -342,10 +347,34 @@
 
     ISchedulerCallback& mSchedulerCallback;
 
+    // mDisplayLock may be locked while under mPolicyLock.
     mutable std::mutex mPolicyLock;
 
-    display::PhysicalDisplayMap<PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr> mRefreshRateSelectors;
-    std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> mLeaderDisplayId;
+    // Only required for reads outside kMainThreadContext. kMainThreadContext is the only writer, so
+    // must lock for writes but not reads. See also mPolicyLock for locking order.
+    mutable std::mutex mDisplayLock;
+
+    display::PhysicalDisplayMap<PhysicalDisplayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr> mRefreshRateSelectors
+            GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock) GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
+
+    ftl::Optional<PhysicalDisplayId> mLeaderDisplayId GUARDED_BY(mDisplayLock)
+            GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
+
+    RefreshRateSelectorPtr leaderSelectorPtr() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
+        return leaderSelectorPtrLocked();
+    }
+
+    RefreshRateSelectorPtr leaderSelectorPtrLocked() const REQUIRES(mDisplayLock) {
+        ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+        const RefreshRateSelectorPtr noLeader;
+        return mLeaderDisplayId
+                .and_then([this](PhysicalDisplayId leaderId)
+                                  REQUIRES(mDisplayLock, kMainThreadContext) {
+                                      return mRefreshRateSelectors.get(leaderId);
+                                  })
+                .value_or(std::cref(noLeader));
+    }
 
     struct Policy {
         // Policy for choosing the display mode.
@@ -356,21 +385,17 @@
         hal::PowerMode displayPowerMode = hal::PowerMode::ON;
 
         // Chosen display mode.
-        DisplayModePtr mode;
+        ftl::Optional<FrameRateMode> modeOpt;
 
         struct ModeChangedParams {
             ConnectionHandle handle;
-            DisplayModePtr mode;
+            FrameRateMode mode;
         };
 
         // Parameters for latest dispatch of mode change event.
         std::optional<ModeChangedParams> cachedModeChangedParams;
     } mPolicy GUARDED_BY(mPolicyLock);
 
-    // TODO(b/255635821): Remove this by instead looking up the `mLeaderDisplayId` selector.
-    mutable std::mutex mRefreshRateSelectorLock;
-    RefreshRateSelectorPtr mRefreshRateSelector GUARDED_BY(mRefreshRateSelectorLock);
-
     std::mutex mVsyncTimelineLock;
     std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline> mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline
             GUARDED_BY(mVsyncTimelineLock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
index 0ad4236..ed4d25e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
@@ -253,7 +253,13 @@
 
 nsecs_t VSyncPredictor::nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(nsecs_t timePoint) const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-    return nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFromLocked(timePoint);
+
+    // TODO(b/246164114): This implementation is not efficient at all. Refactor.
+    nsecs_t nextVsync = nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFromLocked(timePoint);
+    while (!isVSyncInPhaseLocked(nextVsync, mDivisor)) {
+        nextVsync = nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFromLocked(nextVsync + 1);
+    }
+    return nextVsync;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -265,6 +271,13 @@
  * isVSyncInPhase(50.0, 30) = true
  */
 bool VSyncPredictor::isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) const {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    const auto divisor =
+            RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mIdealPeriod), frameRate);
+    return isVSyncInPhaseLocked(timePoint, static_cast<unsigned>(divisor));
+}
+
+bool VSyncPredictor::isVSyncInPhaseLocked(nsecs_t timePoint, unsigned divisor) const {
     struct VsyncError {
         nsecs_t vsyncTimestamp;
         float error;
@@ -272,9 +285,6 @@
         bool operator<(const VsyncError& other) const { return error < other.error; }
     };
 
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-    const auto divisor =
-            RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mIdealPeriod), frameRate);
     if (divisor <= 1 || timePoint == 0) {
         return true;
     }
@@ -312,6 +322,12 @@
     return std::abs(minVsyncError->vsyncTimestamp - timePoint) < period / 2;
 }
 
+void VSyncPredictor::setDivisor(unsigned divisor) {
+    ALOGV("%s: %d", __func__, divisor);
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    mDivisor = divisor;
+}
+
 VSyncPredictor::Model VSyncPredictor::getVSyncPredictionModel() const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     const auto model = VSyncPredictor::getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
index 3181102..4a3ba67 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@
 
     bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) const final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
+    void setDivisor(unsigned divisor) final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
     void dump(std::string& result) const final EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
 private:
@@ -89,6 +91,8 @@
 
     nsecs_t nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFromLocked(nsecs_t timePoint) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
+    bool isVSyncInPhaseLocked(nsecs_t timePoint, unsigned divisor) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
     nsecs_t mIdealPeriod GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     std::optional<nsecs_t> mKnownTimestamp GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
@@ -100,6 +104,8 @@
 
     size_t mLastTimestampIndex GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
     std::vector<nsecs_t> mTimestamps GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    unsigned mDivisor GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 1;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
index 76315d2..8d1629f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
@@ -79,6 +79,17 @@
      */
     virtual bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t timePoint, Fps frameRate) const = 0;
 
+    /*
+     * Sets a divisor on the rate (which is a multiplier of the period).
+     * The tracker will continue to track the vsync timeline and expect it
+     * to match the current period, however, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom will
+     * return vsyncs according to the divisor set. Setting a divisor is useful
+     * when a display is running at 120Hz but the render frame rate is 60Hz.
+     *
+     * \param [in] divisor   The rate divisor the tracker should operate at.
+     */
+    virtual void setDivisor(unsigned divisor) = 0;
+
     virtual void dump(std::string& result) const = 0;
 
 protected:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
index 31b1d69..5522ff8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
     Fps max = Fps::fromValue(std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
 
     bool includes(Fps) const;
+    bool includes(FpsRange) const;
 };
 
 struct FpsRanges {
@@ -75,6 +76,8 @@
     // the range of frame rates that refers to the render rate, which is
     // the rate that frames are swapped.
     FpsRange render;
+
+    bool valid() const;
 };
 
 static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Fps>);
@@ -159,6 +162,16 @@
     return min <= fps && fps <= max;
 }
 
+inline bool FpsRange::includes(FpsRange range) const {
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+    return min <= range.min && max >= range.max;
+}
+
+inline bool FpsRanges::valid() const {
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator>=;
+    return physical.max >= render.max;
+}
+
 struct FpsApproxEqual {
     bool operator()(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) const { return isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs); }
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameRateMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameRateMode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db38ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/FrameRateMode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ftl/non_null.h>
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+// TODO(b/241285191): Pull this to <ui/DisplayMode.h>
+#include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+struct FrameRateMode {
+    Fps fps; // The render frame rate, which is a divisor of modePtr->getFps().
+    ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> modePtr;
+
+    bool operator==(const FrameRateMode& other) const {
+        return isApproxEqual(fps, other.fps) && modePtr == other.modePtr;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const FrameRateMode& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+};
+
+inline std::string to_string(const FrameRateMode& mode) {
+    return to_string(mode.fps) + " (" + to_string(mode.modePtr->getFps()) + ")";
+}
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp
index 8f93ba4..37b3218 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.cpp
@@ -24,10 +24,16 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-std::shared_ptr<ScreenCaptureOutput> createScreenCaptureOutput(ScreenCaptureOutputArgs&& args) {
+std::shared_ptr<ScreenCaptureOutput> createScreenCaptureOutput(ScreenCaptureOutputArgs args) {
     std::shared_ptr<ScreenCaptureOutput> output = compositionengine::impl::createOutputTemplated<
-            ScreenCaptureOutput, compositionengine::CompositionEngine,
-            ScreenCaptureOutputArgs&&>(args.compositionEngine, std::move(args));
+            ScreenCaptureOutput, compositionengine::CompositionEngine, const RenderArea&,
+            std::unordered_set<compositionengine::LayerFE*>,
+            const compositionengine::Output::ColorProfile&, bool>(args.compositionEngine,
+                                                                  args.renderArea,
+                                                                  std::move(
+                                                                          args.filterForScreenshot),
+                                                                  args.colorProfile,
+                                                                  args.regionSampling);
     output->editState().isSecure = args.renderArea.isSecure();
     output->setCompositionEnabled(true);
     output->setLayerFilter({args.layerStack});
@@ -50,11 +56,14 @@
     return output;
 }
 
-ScreenCaptureOutput::ScreenCaptureOutput(ScreenCaptureOutputArgs&& args)
-      : mRenderArea(args.renderArea),
-        mFilterForScreenshot(std::move(args.filterForScreenshot)),
-        mColorProfile(args.colorProfile),
-        mRegionSampling(args.regionSampling) {}
+ScreenCaptureOutput::ScreenCaptureOutput(
+        const RenderArea& renderArea,
+        std::unordered_set<compositionengine::LayerFE*> filterForScreenshot,
+        const compositionengine::Output::ColorProfile& colorProfile, bool regionSampling)
+      : mRenderArea(renderArea),
+        mFilterForScreenshot(std::move(filterForScreenshot)),
+        mColorProfile(colorProfile),
+        mRegionSampling(regionSampling) {}
 
 void ScreenCaptureOutput::updateColorProfile(const compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs&) {
     auto& outputState = editState();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h
index 61b5ddb..5dffc1d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ScreenCaptureOutput.h
@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@
 // SurfaceFlinger::captureLayers and SurfaceFlinger::captureDisplay.
 class ScreenCaptureOutput : public compositionengine::impl::Output {
 public:
-    ScreenCaptureOutput(ScreenCaptureOutputArgs&&);
+    ScreenCaptureOutput(const RenderArea& renderArea,
+                        std::unordered_set<compositionengine::LayerFE*> filterForScreenshot,
+                        const compositionengine::Output::ColorProfile& colorProfile,
+                        bool regionSampling);
 
     void updateColorProfile(const compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs&) override;
 
@@ -64,6 +67,6 @@
     const bool mRegionSampling;
 };
 
-std::shared_ptr<ScreenCaptureOutput> createScreenCaptureOutput(ScreenCaptureOutputArgs&&);
+std::shared_ptr<ScreenCaptureOutput> createScreenCaptureOutput(ScreenCaptureOutputArgs);
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index f0d6aeb..365ffb7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <ui/DisplayIdentification.h>
 #include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@
 using base::StringAppendF;
 using display::PhysicalDisplay;
 using display::PhysicalDisplays;
+using frontend::TransactionHandler;
 using gui::DisplayInfo;
 using gui::GameMode;
 using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
@@ -373,7 +375,7 @@
     int debugDdms = atoi(value);
     ALOGI_IF(debugDdms, "DDMS debugging not supported");
 
-    property_get("debug.sf.enable_gl_backpressure", value, "0");
+    property_get("debug.sf.enable_gl_backpressure", value, "1");
     mPropagateBackpressureClientComposition = atoi(value);
     ALOGI_IF(mPropagateBackpressureClientComposition,
              "Enabling backpressure propagation for Client Composition");
@@ -735,6 +737,10 @@
         return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL;
     } else if (strcmp(prop, "skiaglthreaded") == 0) {
         return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED;
+    } else if (strcmp(prop, "skiavk") == 0) {
+        return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK;
+    } else if (strcmp(prop, "skiavkthreaded") == 0) {
+        return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK_THREADED;
     } else {
         ALOGE("Unrecognized RenderEngineType %s; ignoring!", prop);
         return {};
@@ -840,8 +846,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(display);
-
     // Inform native graphics APIs whether the present timestamp is supported:
 
     const bool presentFenceReliable =
@@ -1035,7 +1039,8 @@
 
     const PhysicalDisplayId displayId = snapshot.displayId();
 
-    info->activeDisplayModeId = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveModePtr()->getId().value();
+    info->activeDisplayModeId =
+            display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getId().value();
     info->activeColorMode = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().colorMode;
     info->hdrCapabilities = display->getHdrCapabilities();
 
@@ -1072,26 +1077,39 @@
 void SurfaceFlinger::setDesiredActiveMode(display::DisplayModeRequest&& request) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(request.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId());
+    auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(request.mode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId());
     if (!display) {
         ALOGW("%s: display is no longer valid", __func__);
         return;
     }
 
-    const Fps refreshRate = request.modePtr->getFps();
+    const Fps renderFps = request.mode.fps;
+    const Fps displayFps = request.mode.modePtr->getFps();
 
-    if (display->setDesiredActiveMode(DisplayDevice::ActiveModeInfo(std::move(request)))) {
-        scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
+    switch (display->setDesiredActiveMode(DisplayDevice::ActiveModeInfo(std::move(request)))) {
+        case DisplayDevice::DesiredActiveModeAction::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch:
+            scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
 
-        // Start receiving vsync samples now, so that we can detect a period
-        // switch.
-        mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, refreshRate);
-        // As we called to set period, we will call to onRefreshRateChangeCompleted once
-        // VsyncController model is locked.
-        modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onRefreshRateChangeInitiated);
+            // Start receiving vsync samples now, so that we can detect a period
+            // switch.
+            mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, displayFps);
+            // As we called to set period, we will call to onRefreshRateChangeCompleted once
+            // VsyncController model is locked.
+            modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onRefreshRateChangeInitiated);
 
-        updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
-        mScheduler->setModeChangePending(true);
+            updatePhaseConfiguration(renderFps);
+            mScheduler->setModeChangePending(true);
+            break;
+        case DisplayDevice::DesiredActiveModeAction::InitiateRenderRateSwitch:
+            mScheduler->setRenderRate(renderFps);
+            updatePhaseConfiguration(renderFps);
+            mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(renderFps);
+
+            // TODO(b/259740021): send event to display manager about
+            //  the render rate change
+            break;
+        case DisplayDevice::DesiredActiveModeAction::None:
+            break;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1153,18 +1171,19 @@
     }
 
     const auto upcomingModeInfo = display->getUpcomingActiveMode();
-    if (!upcomingModeInfo.mode) {
+    if (!upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt) {
         // There is no pending mode change. This can happen if the active
         // display changed and the mode change happened on a different display.
         return;
     }
 
-    if (display->getActiveMode().getResolution() != upcomingModeInfo.mode->getResolution()) {
+    if (display->getActiveMode().modePtr->getResolution() !=
+        upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt->modePtr->getResolution()) {
         auto& state = mCurrentState.displays.editValueFor(display->getDisplayToken());
         // We need to generate new sequenceId in order to recreate the display (and this
         // way the framebuffer).
         state.sequenceId = DisplayDeviceState{}.sequenceId;
-        state.physical->activeMode = upcomingModeInfo.mode;
+        state.physical->activeMode = upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt->modePtr.get();
         processDisplayChangesLocked();
 
         // processDisplayChangesLocked will update all necessary components so we're done here.
@@ -1175,15 +1194,17 @@
             .transform(&PhysicalDisplay::snapshotRef)
             .transform(ftl::unit_fn([&](const display::DisplaySnapshot& snapshot) {
                 FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext,
-                               display->setActiveMode(upcomingModeInfo.mode->getId(), snapshot));
+                               display->setActiveMode(upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt->modePtr->getId(),
+                                                      upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt->modePtr->getFps(),
+                                                      upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt->fps));
             }));
 
-    const Fps refreshRate = upcomingModeInfo.mode->getFps();
+    const Fps refreshRate = upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt->fps;
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(refreshRate);
     updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
 
     if (upcomingModeInfo.event != scheduler::DisplayModeEvent::None) {
-        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, upcomingModeInfo.mode);
+        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, *upcomingModeInfo.modeOpt);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1195,10 +1216,12 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::desiredActiveModeChangeDone(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display) {
-    const auto refreshRate = display->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getFps();
+    const auto displayFps = display->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getFps();
+    const auto renderFps = display->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->fps;
     clearDesiredActiveModeState(display);
-    mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, refreshRate);
-    updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
+    mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, displayFps);
+    mScheduler->setRenderRate(renderFps);
+    updatePhaseConfiguration(renderFps);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setActiveModeInHwcIfNeeded() {
@@ -1229,13 +1252,10 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        const auto desiredModeId = desiredActiveMode->mode->getId();
-        const auto refreshRateOpt =
-                snapshot.displayModes()
-                        .get(desiredModeId)
-                        .transform([](const DisplayModePtr& mode) { return mode->getFps(); });
+        const auto desiredModeId = desiredActiveMode->modeOpt->modePtr->getId();
+        const auto displayModePtrOpt = snapshot.displayModes().get(desiredModeId);
 
-        if (!refreshRateOpt) {
+        if (!displayModePtrOpt) {
             ALOGW("Desired display mode is no longer supported. Mode ID = %d",
                   desiredModeId.value());
             clearDesiredActiveModeState(display);
@@ -1243,9 +1263,10 @@
         }
 
         ALOGV("%s changing active mode to %d(%s) for display %s", __func__, desiredModeId.value(),
-              to_string(*refreshRateOpt).c_str(), to_string(display->getId()).c_str());
+              to_string(displayModePtrOpt->get()->getFps()).c_str(),
+              to_string(display->getId()).c_str());
 
-        if (display->getActiveMode().getId() == desiredModeId) {
+        if (display->getActiveMode() == desiredActiveMode->modeOpt) {
             // we are already in the requested mode, there is nothing left to do
             desiredActiveModeChangeDone(display);
             continue;
@@ -1254,7 +1275,8 @@
         // Desired active mode was set, it is different than the mode currently in use, however
         // allowed modes might have changed by the time we process the refresh.
         // Make sure the desired mode is still allowed
-        const auto displayModeAllowed = display->refreshRateSelector().isModeAllowed(desiredModeId);
+        const auto displayModeAllowed =
+                display->refreshRateSelector().isModeAllowed(*desiredActiveMode->modeOpt);
         if (!displayModeAllowed) {
             clearDesiredActiveModeState(display);
             continue;
@@ -1295,8 +1317,7 @@
 
         const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(*displayToUpdateImmediately);
         const auto desiredActiveMode = display->getDesiredActiveMode();
-        if (desiredActiveMode &&
-            display->getActiveMode().getId() == desiredActiveMode->mode->getId()) {
+        if (desiredActiveMode && display->getActiveMode() == desiredActiveMode->modeOpt) {
             desiredActiveModeChangeDone(display);
         }
     }
@@ -1388,7 +1409,26 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::getOverlaySupport(gui::OverlayProperties* /*outProperties*/) const {
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::getOverlaySupport(gui::OverlayProperties* outProperties) const {
+    const auto& aidlProperties = getHwComposer().getOverlaySupport();
+    // convert aidl OverlayProperties to gui::OverlayProperties
+    outProperties->combinations.reserve(aidlProperties.combinations.size());
+    for (const auto& combination : aidlProperties.combinations) {
+        std::vector<int32_t> pixelFormats;
+        pixelFormats.reserve(combination.pixelFormats.size());
+        std::transform(combination.pixelFormats.cbegin(), combination.pixelFormats.cend(),
+                       std::back_inserter(pixelFormats),
+                       [](const auto& val) { return static_cast<int32_t>(val); });
+        std::vector<int32_t> dataspaces;
+        dataspaces.reserve(combination.dataspaces.size());
+        std::transform(combination.dataspaces.cbegin(), combination.dataspaces.cend(),
+                       std::back_inserter(dataspaces),
+                       [](const auto& val) { return static_cast<int32_t>(val); });
+        gui::OverlayProperties::SupportedBufferCombinations outCombination;
+        outCombination.pixelFormats = std::move(pixelFormats);
+        outCombination.dataspaces = std::move(dataspaces);
+        outProperties->combinations.emplace_back(outCombination);
+    }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -1800,7 +1840,7 @@
     if (hint == FrameHint::kActive) {
         mScheduler->resetIdleTimer();
     }
-    mPowerAdvisor->notifyDisplayUpdateImminent();
+    mPowerAdvisor->notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset();
     mScheduler->scheduleFrame();
 }
 
@@ -2046,7 +2086,7 @@
             activeDisplay->getPowerMode() == hal::PowerMode::ON;
     if (mPowerHintSessionEnabled) {
         const auto& display = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()).get();
-        const Period vsyncPeriod = Period::fromNs(display->getActiveMode().getVsyncPeriod());
+        const Period vsyncPeriod = Period::fromNs(display->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriodNsecs());
         mPowerAdvisor->setCommitStart(frameTime);
         mPowerAdvisor->setExpectedPresentTime(mExpectedPresentTime);
 
@@ -2185,14 +2225,13 @@
 
     refreshArgs.updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame = mVisibleRegionsDirty;
     refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame = mGeometryDirty.exchange(false) || mVisibleRegionsDirty;
-    std::vector<sp<Layer>> layers;
+    std::vector<Layer*> layers;
 
     mDrawingState.traverseInZOrder([&refreshArgs, &layers](Layer* layer) {
-        auto strongLayer = sp<Layer>::fromExisting(layer);
         if (auto layerFE = layer->getCompositionEngineLayerFE()) {
             layer->updateSnapshot(refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame);
             refreshArgs.layers.push_back(layerFE);
-            layers.push_back(std::move(strongLayer));
+            layers.push_back(layer);
         }
     });
     refreshArgs.blursAreExpensive = mBlursAreExpensive;
@@ -2224,8 +2263,8 @@
 
     {
         std::vector<LayerSnapshotGuard> layerSnapshotGuards;
-        for (auto& layer : layers) {
-            layerSnapshotGuards.emplace_back(layer.get());
+        for (Layer* layer : layers) {
+            layerSnapshotGuards.emplace_back(layer);
         }
         mCompositionEngine->present(refreshArgs);
     }
@@ -2788,7 +2827,11 @@
             }
 
             if (sysprop::frame_rate_override_for_native_rates(true)) {
-                return Config::FrameRateOverride::EnabledForNativeRefreshRates;
+                return Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates;
+            }
+
+            if (!base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.frame_rate_override_global"s, false)) {
+                return Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride;
             }
 
             return Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled;
@@ -2872,7 +2915,9 @@
                 .transform(&PhysicalDisplay::snapshotRef)
                 .transform(ftl::unit_fn([&](const display::DisplaySnapshot& snapshot) {
                     FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext,
-                                   display->setActiveMode(physical->activeMode->getId(), snapshot));
+                                   display->setActiveMode(physical->activeMode->getId(),
+                                                          physical->activeMode->getFps(),
+                                                          physical->activeMode->getFps()));
                 }));
     }
 
@@ -2954,18 +2999,16 @@
                                                  displaySurface, producer);
 
     if (mScheduler && !display->isVirtual()) {
-        auto selectorPtr = display->holdRefreshRateSelector();
-
-        // Display modes are reloaded on hotplug reconnect.
-        if (display->isPrimary()) {
+        const auto displayId = display->getPhysicalId();
+        {
             // TODO(b/241285876): Annotate `processDisplayAdded` instead.
             ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-            mScheduler->setRefreshRateSelector(selectorPtr);
+
+            // For hotplug reconnect, renew the registration since display modes have been reloaded.
+            mScheduler->registerDisplay(displayId, display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
         }
 
-        const auto displayId = display->getPhysicalId();
-        mScheduler->registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
-        dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(display->getPhysicalId(), true);
+        dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(displayId, true);
     }
 
     mDisplays.try_emplace(displayToken, std::move(display));
@@ -3070,7 +3113,7 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) {
     mVsyncConfiguration->reset();
-    const Fps refreshRate = activeDisplay->getActiveMode().getFps();
+    const Fps refreshRate = activeDisplay->getActiveMode().fps;
     updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(refreshRate);
 }
@@ -3121,6 +3164,10 @@
     const bool displayTransactionNeeded = transactionFlags & eDisplayTransactionNeeded;
     if (displayTransactionNeeded) {
         processDisplayChangesLocked();
+        mFrontEndDisplayInfos.clear();
+        for (const auto& [_, display] : mDisplays) {
+            mFrontEndDisplayInfos.try_emplace(display->getLayerStack(), display->getFrontEndInfo());
+        }
     }
     mForceTransactionDisplayChange = displayTransactionNeeded;
 
@@ -3290,29 +3337,6 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::buildWindowInfos(std::vector<WindowInfo>& outWindowInfos,
                                       std::vector<DisplayInfo>& outDisplayInfos) {
-    display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, DisplayDevice::InputInfo> displayInputInfos;
-
-    for (const auto& [_, display] : FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, mDisplays)) {
-        const auto layerStack = display->getLayerStack();
-        const auto info = display->getInputInfo();
-
-        const auto [it, emplaced] = displayInputInfos.try_emplace(layerStack, info);
-        if (emplaced) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // If the layer stack is mirrored on multiple displays, the first display that is configured
-        // to receive input takes precedence.
-        auto& otherInfo = it->second;
-        if (otherInfo.receivesInput) {
-            ALOGW_IF(display->receivesInput(),
-                     "Multiple displays claim to accept input for the same layer stack: %u",
-                     layerStack.id);
-        } else {
-            otherInfo = info;
-        }
-    }
-
     static size_t sNumWindowInfos = 0;
     outWindowInfos.reserve(sNumWindowInfos);
     sNumWindowInfos = 0;
@@ -3320,8 +3344,8 @@
     mDrawingState.traverseInReverseZOrder([&](Layer* layer) {
         if (!layer->needsInputInfo()) return;
 
-        const auto opt = displayInputInfos.get(layer->getLayerStack())
-                                 .transform([](const DisplayDevice::InputInfo& info) {
+        const auto opt = mFrontEndDisplayInfos.get(layer->getLayerStack())
+                                 .transform([](const frontend::DisplayInfo& info) {
                                      return Layer::InputDisplayArgs{&info.transform, info.isSecure};
                                  });
 
@@ -3330,8 +3354,8 @@
 
     sNumWindowInfos = outWindowInfos.size();
 
-    outDisplayInfos.reserve(displayInputInfos.size());
-    for (const auto& [_, info] : displayInputInfos) {
+    outDisplayInfos.reserve(mFrontEndDisplayInfos.size());
+    for (const auto& [_, info] : mFrontEndDisplayInfos) {
         outDisplayInfos.push_back(info.info);
     }
 }
@@ -3346,12 +3370,7 @@
 
     std::vector<LayerSnapshotGuard> layerSnapshotGuards;
     mDrawingState.traverse([&layerSnapshotGuards](Layer* layer) {
-        auto strongLayer = sp<Layer>::fromExisting(layer);
-        const LayerSnapshot* snapshot = layer->getLayerSnapshot();
-        if (!snapshot) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Layer snapshot unexpectedly null");
-        }
-        if (snapshot->compositionType ==
+        if (layer->getLayerSnapshot()->compositionType ==
             aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition::CURSOR) {
             layer->updateSnapshot(false /* updateGeometry */);
             layerSnapshotGuards.emplace_back(layer);
@@ -3376,12 +3395,12 @@
     ConditionalLock lock(mStateLock, std::this_thread::get_id() != mMainThreadId);
 
     for (auto& request : modeRequests) {
-        const auto& modePtr = request.modePtr;
+        const auto& modePtr = request.mode.modePtr;
         const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId());
 
         if (!display) continue;
 
-        if (display->refreshRateSelector().isModeAllowed(modePtr->getId())) {
+        if (display->refreshRateSelector().isModeAllowed(request.mode)) {
             setDesiredActiveMode(std::move(request));
         } else {
             ALOGV("%s: Mode %d is disallowed for display %s", __func__, modePtr->getId().value(),
@@ -3402,8 +3421,8 @@
 void SurfaceFlinger::initScheduler(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mScheduler);
 
-    const auto activeModePtr = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveModePtr();
-    const Fps activeRefreshRate = activeModePtr->getFps();
+    const auto activeMode = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode();
+    const Fps activeRefreshRate = activeMode.fps;
     mRefreshRateStats =
             std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mTimeStats, activeRefreshRate,
                                                           hal::PowerMode::OFF);
@@ -3424,9 +3443,7 @@
         !getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE)) {
         features |= Feature::kPresentFences;
     }
-
-    auto selectorPtr = display->holdRefreshRateSelector();
-    if (selectorPtr->kernelIdleTimerController()) {
+    if (display->refreshRateSelector().kernelIdleTimerController()) {
         features |= Feature::kKernelIdleTimer;
     }
 
@@ -3434,8 +3451,7 @@
                                                         static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(*this),
                                                         features);
     mScheduler->createVsyncSchedule(features);
-    mScheduler->setRefreshRateSelector(selectorPtr);
-    mScheduler->registerDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(), std::move(selectorPtr));
+    mScheduler->registerDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(), display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
 
     setVsyncEnabled(false);
     mScheduler->startTimers();
@@ -3458,14 +3474,6 @@
             sp<RegionSamplingThread>::make(*this,
                                            RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
     mFpsReporter = sp<FpsReporter>::make(*mFrameTimeline, *this);
-    // Dispatch a mode change request for the primary display on scheduler
-    // initialization, so that the EventThreads always contain a reference to a
-    // prior configuration.
-    //
-    // This is a bit hacky, but this avoids a back-pointer into the main SF
-    // classes from EventThread, and there should be no run-time binder cost
-    // anyway since there are no connected apps at this point.
-    mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, activeModePtr);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updatePhaseConfiguration(const Fps& refreshRate) {
@@ -3900,7 +3908,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionState(
-        const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
+        const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, Vector<ComposerState>& states,
         const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
         const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
         bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
@@ -3932,7 +3940,29 @@
     IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
     const int originPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
     const int originUid = ipc->getCallingUid();
-    TransactionState state{frameTimelineInfo,  states,
+
+    std::vector<ResolvedComposerState> resolvedStates;
+    resolvedStates.reserve(states.size());
+    for (auto& state : states) {
+        resolvedStates.emplace_back(std::move(state));
+        auto& resolvedState = resolvedStates.back();
+        if (resolvedState.state.hasBufferChanges() && resolvedState.state.hasValidBuffer() &&
+            resolvedState.state.surface) {
+            sp<Layer> layer = LayerHandle::getLayer(resolvedState.state.surface);
+            std::string layerName = (layer) ?
+                    layer->getDebugName() : std::to_string(resolvedState.state.layerId);
+            resolvedState.externalTexture =
+                    getExternalTextureFromBufferData(*resolvedState.state.bufferData,
+                                                     layerName.c_str(), transactionId);
+            mBufferCountTracker.increment(resolvedState.state.surface->localBinder());
+            if (layer) {
+                resolvedState.hwcBufferSlot =
+                        layer->getHwcCacheSlot(resolvedState.state.bufferData->cachedBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    TransactionState state{frameTimelineInfo,  resolvedStates,
                            displays,           flags,
                            applyToken,         inputWindowCommands,
                            desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
@@ -3941,11 +3971,6 @@
                            listenerCallbacks,  originPid,
                            originUid,          transactionId};
 
-    // Check for incoming buffer updates and increment the pending buffer count.
-    state.traverseStatesWithBuffers([&](const layer_state_t& state) {
-        mBufferCountTracker.increment(state.surface->localBinder());
-    });
-
     if (mTransactionTracing) {
         mTransactionTracing->addQueuedTransaction(state);
     }
@@ -3964,7 +3989,7 @@
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                                           Vector<ComposerState>& states,
+                                           std::vector<ResolvedComposerState>& states,
                                            const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
                                            const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                                            const int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
@@ -3986,13 +4011,12 @@
     }
 
     uint32_t clientStateFlags = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < states.size(); i++) {
-        ComposerState& state = states.editItemAt(i);
+    for (auto& resolvedState : states) {
         clientStateFlags |=
-                setClientStateLocked(frameTimelineInfo, state, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     postTime, permissions, transactionId);
-        if ((flags & eAnimation) && state.state.surface) {
-            if (const auto layer = LayerHandle::getLayer(state.state.surface)) {
+                setClientStateLocked(frameTimelineInfo, resolvedState, desiredPresentTime,
+                                     isAutoTimestamp, postTime, permissions, transactionId);
+        if ((flags & eAnimation) && resolvedState.state.surface) {
+            if (const auto layer = LayerHandle::getLayer(resolvedState.state.surface)) {
                 using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
                 mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(),
                                                isAutoTimestamp ? 0 : desiredPresentTime,
@@ -4104,7 +4128,7 @@
 }
 
 uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setClientStateLocked(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                                              ComposerState& composerState,
+                                              ResolvedComposerState& composerState,
                                               int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
                                               int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
                                               uint64_t transactionId) {
@@ -4399,11 +4423,9 @@
     }
 
     if (what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
-        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer =
-                getExternalTextureFromBufferData(*s.bufferData, layer->getDebugName(),
-                                                 transactionId);
-        if (layer->setBuffer(buffer, *s.bufferData, postTime, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                             dequeueBufferTimestamp, frameTimelineInfo)) {
+        if (layer->setBuffer(composerState.externalTexture, *s.bufferData, postTime,
+                             desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp, dequeueBufferTimestamp,
+                             frameTimelineInfo, composerState.hwcBufferSlot)) {
             flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
         }
     } else if (frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId != FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID) {
@@ -4611,7 +4633,7 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(token == nullptr);
 
     // reset screen orientation and use primary layer stack
-    Vector<ComposerState> state;
+    std::vector<ResolvedComposerState> state;
     Vector<DisplayState> displays;
     DisplayState d;
     d.what = DisplayState::eDisplayProjectionChanged |
@@ -4634,8 +4656,6 @@
                           {}, mPid, getuid(), transactionId);
 
     setPowerModeInternal(display, hal::PowerMode::ON);
-
-    mActiveDisplayTransformHint = display->getTransformHint();
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::initializeDisplays() {
@@ -4654,8 +4674,8 @@
     const auto displayId = display->getPhysicalId();
     ALOGD("Setting power mode %d on display %s", mode, to_string(displayId).c_str());
 
-    std::optional<hal::PowerMode> currentMode = display->getPowerMode();
-    if (currentMode.has_value() && mode == *currentMode) {
+    const auto currentModeOpt = display->getPowerMode();
+    if (currentModeOpt == mode) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4672,8 +4692,8 @@
 
     display->setPowerMode(mode);
 
-    const auto refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().getFps();
-    if (*currentMode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
+    const auto refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
+    if (!currentModeOpt || *currentModeOpt == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
         // Turn on the display
         if (isInternalDisplay && (!activeDisplay || !activeDisplay->isPoweredOn())) {
             onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(display);
@@ -4703,7 +4723,7 @@
         if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedAttr(false) != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGW("Couldn't set uclamp.min on display off: %s\n", strerror(errno));
         }
-        if (isActiveDisplay && *currentMode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (isActiveDisplay && *currentModeOpt != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             mScheduler->disableHardwareVsync(true);
             mScheduler->onScreenReleased(mAppConnectionHandle);
         }
@@ -4717,7 +4737,7 @@
     } else if (mode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE || mode == hal::PowerMode::ON) {
         // Update display while dozing
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(displayId, mode);
-        if (isActiveDisplay && *currentMode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
+        if (isActiveDisplay && *currentModeOpt == hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
             ALOGI("Force repainting for DOZE_SUSPEND -> DOZE or ON.");
             mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
             scheduleRepaint();
@@ -5242,7 +5262,8 @@
 
     if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
         std::string fps, xDpi, yDpi;
-        if (const auto activeModePtr = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveModePtr()) {
+        if (const auto activeModePtr =
+                    display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr.get()) {
             fps = to_string(activeModePtr->getFps());
 
             const auto dpi = activeModePtr->getDpi();
@@ -5914,7 +5935,7 @@
     if (!updateOverlay) return;
 
     // Update the overlay on the main thread to avoid race conditions with
-    // RefreshRateSelector::getActiveMode.
+    // RefreshRateSelector::getActiveMode
     static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=] {
         const auto display = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
         if (!display) {
@@ -5925,7 +5946,8 @@
 
         const auto desiredActiveMode = display->getDesiredActiveMode();
         const std::optional<DisplayModeId> desiredModeId = desiredActiveMode
-                ? std::make_optional(desiredActiveMode->mode->getId())
+                ? std::make_optional(desiredActiveMode->modeOpt->modePtr->getId())
+
                 : std::nullopt;
 
         const bool timerExpired = mKernelIdleTimerEnabled && expired;
@@ -6397,8 +6419,10 @@
                 std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> renderArea = renderAreaFuture.get();
                 if (!renderArea) {
                     ALOGW("Skipping screen capture because of invalid render area.");
-                    captureResults.fenceResult = base::unexpected(NO_MEMORY);
-                    captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
+                    if (captureListener) {
+                        captureResults.fenceResult = base::unexpected(NO_MEMORY);
+                        captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
+                    }
                     return ftl::yield<FenceResult>(base::unexpected(NO_ERROR)).share();
                 }
 
@@ -6484,7 +6508,6 @@
     layers.reserve(layerCount);
     std::unordered_set<compositionengine::LayerFE*> filterForScreenshot;
     traverseLayers([&](Layer* layer) {
-        auto strongLayer = sp<Layer>::fromExisting(layer);
         captureResults.capturedHdrLayers |= isHdrLayer(layer);
         // Layer::prepareClientComposition uses the layer's snapshot to populate the resulting
         // LayerSettings. Calling Layer::updateSnapshot ensures that LayerSettings are
@@ -6618,11 +6641,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-std::optional<ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>> SurfaceFlinger::getPreferredDisplayMode(
+ftl::Optional<scheduler::FrameRateMode> SurfaceFlinger::getPreferredDisplayMode(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId, DisplayModeId defaultModeId) const {
     if (const auto schedulerMode = mScheduler->getPreferredDisplayMode();
-        schedulerMode && schedulerMode->getPhysicalDisplayId() == displayId) {
-        return ftl::as_non_null(schedulerMode);
+        schedulerMode && schedulerMode->modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId() == displayId) {
+        return schedulerMode;
     }
 
     return mPhysicalDisplays.get(displayId)
@@ -6630,7 +6653,9 @@
             .and_then([&](const display::DisplaySnapshot& snapshot) {
                 return snapshot.displayModes().get(defaultModeId);
             })
-            .transform(&ftl::as_non_null<const DisplayModePtr&>);
+            .transform([](const DisplayModePtr& modePtr) {
+                return scheduler::FrameRateMode{modePtr->getFps(), ftl::as_non_null(modePtr)};
+            });
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(
@@ -6654,19 +6679,22 @@
         case SetPolicyResult::Unchanged:
             return NO_ERROR;
         case SetPolicyResult::Changed:
-            break;
+            return applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(displayId, selector);
     }
+}
 
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(
+        PhysicalDisplayId displayId, const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector& selector) {
     const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::Policy currentPolicy = selector.getCurrentPolicy();
     ALOGV("Setting desired display mode specs: %s", currentPolicy.toString().c_str());
 
     // TODO(b/140204874): Leave the event in until we do proper testing with all apps that might
     // be depending in this callback.
-    if (const auto activeModePtr = selector.getActiveModePtr(); displayId == mActiveDisplayId) {
-        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, activeModePtr);
+    if (const auto activeMode = selector.getActiveMode(); displayId == mActiveDisplayId) {
+        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, activeMode);
         toggleKernelIdleTimer();
     } else {
-        mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, activeModePtr);
+        mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, activeMode);
     }
 
     auto preferredModeOpt = getPreferredDisplayMode(displayId, currentPolicy.defaultMode);
@@ -6676,12 +6704,12 @@
     }
 
     auto preferredMode = std::move(*preferredModeOpt);
-    const auto preferredModeId = preferredMode->getId();
+    const auto preferredModeId = preferredMode.modePtr->getId();
 
     ALOGV("Switching to Scheduler preferred mode %d (%s)", preferredModeId.value(),
-          to_string(preferredMode->getFps()).c_str());
+          to_string(preferredMode.fps).c_str());
 
-    if (!selector.isModeAllowed(preferredModeId)) {
+    if (!selector.isModeAllowed(preferredMode)) {
         ALOGE("%s: Preferred mode %d is disallowed", __func__, preferredModeId.value());
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
@@ -6893,7 +6921,7 @@
         refreshRate = *frameRateOverride;
     } else if (!getHwComposer().isHeadless()) {
         if (const auto display = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked())) {
-            refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveModePtr()->getFps();
+            refreshRate = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().fps;
         }
     }
 
@@ -6980,15 +7008,19 @@
     }
     mActiveDisplayId = activeDisplay->getPhysicalId();
     activeDisplay->getCompositionDisplay()->setLayerCachingTexturePoolEnabled(true);
+
     updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(activeDisplay);
     mScheduler->setModeChangePending(false);
-    mScheduler->setRefreshRateSelector(activeDisplay->holdRefreshRateSelector());
+    mScheduler->setLeaderDisplay(mActiveDisplayId);
+
     onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(activeDisplay);
     mActiveDisplayTransformHint = activeDisplay->getTransformHint();
 
-    // Update the kernel timer for the current active display, since the policy
-    // for this display might have changed when it was not the active display.
-    toggleKernelIdleTimer();
+    // The policy of the new active/leader display may have changed while it was inactive. In that
+    // case, its preferred mode has not been propagated to HWC (via setDesiredActiveMode). In either
+    // case, the Scheduler's cachedModeChangedParams must be initialized to the newly active mode,
+    // and the kernel idle timer of the newly active display must be toggled.
+    applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(mActiveDisplayId, activeDisplay->refreshRateSelector());
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::addWindowInfosListener(
@@ -7007,9 +7039,16 @@
         BufferData& bufferData, const char* layerName, uint64_t transactionId) {
     if (bufferData.buffer &&
         exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(bufferData.buffer->getWidth(), bufferData.buffer->getHeight())) {
-        ALOGE("Attempted to create an ExternalTexture for layer %s that exceeds render target "
-              "size limit.",
-              layerName);
+        std::string errorMessage =
+                base::StringPrintf("Attempted to create an ExternalTexture with size (%u, %u) for "
+                                   "layer %s that exceeds render target size limit of %u.",
+                                   bufferData.buffer->getWidth(), bufferData.buffer->getHeight(),
+                                   layerName, static_cast<uint32_t>(mMaxRenderTargetSize));
+        ALOGD("%s", errorMessage.c_str());
+        if (bufferData.releaseBufferListener) {
+            bufferData.releaseBufferListener->onTransactionQueueStalled(
+                    String8(errorMessage.c_str()));
+        }
         return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -7022,9 +7061,12 @@
         }
 
         if (result.error() == ClientCache::AddError::CacheFull) {
-            mTransactionHandler
-                    .onTransactionQueueStalled(transactionId, bufferData.releaseBufferListener,
-                                               "Buffer processing hung due to full buffer cache");
+            ALOGE("Attempted to create an ExternalTexture for layer %s but CacheFull", layerName);
+
+            if (bufferData.releaseBufferListener) {
+                bufferData.releaseBufferListener->onTransactionQueueStalled(
+                        String8("Buffer processing hung due to full buffer cache"));
+            }
         }
 
         return nullptr;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 1918913..e3217a3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
 #include "DisplayIdGenerator.h"
 #include "Effects/Daltonizer.h"
 #include "FlagManager.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h"
 #include "LayerVector.h"
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@
 class ScreenCapturer;
 class WindowInfosListenerInvoker;
 
+using frontend::TransactionHandler;
 using gui::CaptureArgs;
 using gui::DisplayCaptureArgs;
 using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
@@ -464,8 +466,7 @@
               typename Handler = VsyncModulator::VsyncConfigOpt (VsyncModulator::*)(Args...)>
     void modulateVsync(Handler handler, Args... args) {
         if (const auto config = (*mVsyncModulator.*handler)(args...)) {
-            const auto vsyncPeriod = mScheduler->getVsyncPeriodFromRefreshRateSelector();
-            setVsyncConfig(*config, vsyncPeriod);
+            setVsyncConfig(*config, mScheduler->getLeaderVsyncPeriod());
         }
     }
 
@@ -490,9 +491,8 @@
 
     sp<IBinder> getPhysicalDisplayToken(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const;
     status_t setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                                 const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
-                                 const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
-                                 const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
+                                 Vector<ComposerState>& state, const Vector<DisplayState>& displays,
+                                 uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
                                  const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                                  int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
                                  const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
@@ -660,13 +660,18 @@
 
     // Returns the preferred mode for PhysicalDisplayId if the Scheduler has selected one for that
     // display. Falls back to the display's defaultModeId otherwise.
-    std::optional<ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr>> getPreferredDisplayMode(
+    ftl::Optional<scheduler::FrameRateMode> getPreferredDisplayMode(
             PhysicalDisplayId, DisplayModeId defaultModeId) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     status_t setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(
             const sp<DisplayDevice>&, const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::PolicyVariant&)
             EXCLUDES(mStateLock) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
+    // TODO(b/241285191): Look up RefreshRateSelector on Scheduler to remove redundant parameter.
+    status_t applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(PhysicalDisplayId,
+                                            const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector&)
+            REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
+
     void commitTransactions() EXCLUDES(mStateLock) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
     void commitTransactionsLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
@@ -693,7 +698,8 @@
     /*
      * Transactions
      */
-    bool applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& info, Vector<ComposerState>& state,
+    bool applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
+                               std::vector<ResolvedComposerState>& state,
                                const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
                                const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                                const int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
@@ -714,7 +720,7 @@
             const TransactionHandler::TransactionFlushState& flushState)
             REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    uint32_t setClientStateLocked(const FrameTimelineInfo&, ComposerState&,
+    uint32_t setClientStateLocked(const FrameTimelineInfo&, ResolvedComposerState&,
                                   int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
                                   int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions, uint64_t transactionId)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
@@ -928,7 +934,8 @@
             const sp<compositionengine::DisplaySurface>& displaySurface,
             const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& producer) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void processDisplayChangesLocked() REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
-    void processDisplayRemoved(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    void processDisplayRemoved(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken)
+            REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
     void processDisplayChanged(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken,
                                const DisplayDeviceState& currentState,
                                const DisplayDeviceState& drawingState)
@@ -1366,6 +1373,7 @@
     } mPowerHintSessionMode;
 
     TransactionHandler mTransactionHandler;
+    display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, frontend::DisplayInfo> mFrontEndDisplayInfos;
 };
 
 class SurfaceComposerAIDL : public gui::BnSurfaceComposer {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
index e5a9dd4..e860d88 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_PERFORMANCE;
         case GameMode::Battery:
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_BATTERY;
+        case GameMode::Custom:
+            return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_CUSTOM;
         default:
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_UNSPECIFIED;
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsatomsproto/timestats_atoms.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsatomsproto/timestats_atoms.proto
index e45757d..d4d444e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsatomsproto/timestats_atoms.proto
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsatomsproto/timestats_atoms.proto
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@
          GAME_MODE_STANDARD = 2;
          GAME_MODE_PERFORMANCE = 3;
          GAME_MODE_BATTERY = 4;
+         GAME_MODE_CUSTOM = 5;
     }
 
     // Game mode that the layer was running at. Used to track user engagement
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp
index 3418c82..2f46487 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp
@@ -310,10 +310,10 @@
     int32_t layerCount = proto.layer_changes_size();
     t.states.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(layerCount));
     for (int i = 0; i < layerCount; i++) {
-        ComposerState s;
+        ResolvedComposerState s;
         s.state.what = 0;
         fromProto(proto.layer_changes(i), s.state);
-        t.states.add(s);
+        t.states.emplace_back(s);
     }
 
     int32_t displayCount = proto.display_changes_size();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
index 25fdd26..f1a6c0e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
@@ -240,13 +240,7 @@
         for (int j = 0; j < entry.transactions_size(); j++) {
             // apply transactions
             TransactionState transaction = parser.fromProto(entry.transactions(j));
-            mFlinger.setTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
-                                         transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
-                                         transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
-                                         transaction.desiredPresentTime,
-                                         transaction.isAutoTimestamp, {},
-                                         transaction.hasListenerCallbacks,
-                                         transaction.listenerCallbacks, transaction.id);
+            mFlinger.setTransactionStateInternal(transaction);
         }
 
         const auto frameTime = TimePoint::fromNs(entry.elapsed_realtime_nanos());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
index 3cbfe81..7bde2c1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
@@ -20,17 +20,27 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
+#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
 #include <system/window.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
+// Extends the client side composer state by resolving buffer cache ids.
+class ResolvedComposerState : public ComposerState {
+public:
+    ResolvedComposerState() = default;
+    ResolvedComposerState(ComposerState&& source) { state = std::move(source.state); }
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> externalTexture;
+    int hwcBufferSlot = 0;
+};
+
 struct TransactionState {
     TransactionState() = default;
 
     TransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                     const Vector<ComposerState>& composerStates,
+                     std::vector<ResolvedComposerState>& composerStates,
                      const Vector<DisplayState>& displayStates, uint32_t transactionFlags,
                      const sp<IBinder>& applyToken, const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                      int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
@@ -38,7 +48,7 @@
                      bool hasListenerCallbacks, std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks,
                      int originPid, int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
           : frameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo),
-            states(composerStates),
+            states(std::move(composerStates)),
             displays(displayStates),
             flags(transactionFlags),
             applyToken(applyToken),
@@ -57,18 +67,20 @@
     // Invokes `void(const layer_state_t&)` visitor for matching layers.
     template <typename Visitor>
     void traverseStatesWithBuffers(Visitor&& visitor) const {
-        for (const auto& [state] : states) {
-            if (state.hasBufferChanges() && state.hasValidBuffer() && state.surface) {
-                visitor(state);
+        for (const auto& state : states) {
+            if (state.state.hasBufferChanges() && state.state.hasValidBuffer() &&
+                state.state.surface) {
+                visitor(state.state);
             }
         }
     }
 
     template <typename Visitor>
     void traverseStatesWithBuffersWhileTrue(Visitor&& visitor) const {
-        for (const auto& [state] : states) {
-            if (state.hasBufferChanges() && state.hasValidBuffer() && state.surface) {
-                if (!visitor(state)) return;
+        for (const auto& state : states) {
+            if (state.state.hasBufferChanges() && state.state.hasValidBuffer() &&
+                state.state.surface) {
+                if (!visitor(state.state)) return;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -79,8 +91,8 @@
     bool isFrameActive() const {
         if (!displays.empty()) return true;
 
-        for (const auto& [state] : states) {
-            if (state.frameRateCompatibility != ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE) {
+        for (const auto& state : states) {
+            if (state.state.frameRateCompatibility != ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -89,7 +101,7 @@
     }
 
     FrameTimelineInfo frameTimelineInfo;
-    Vector<ComposerState> states;
+    std::vector<ResolvedComposerState> states;
     Vector<DisplayState> displays;
     uint32_t flags;
     sp<IBinder> applyToken;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
index 9ba9b90..dbfce78 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
@@ -230,7 +230,9 @@
                       ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection) {
         mVsyncSchedule.emplace(VsyncSchedule(std::move(tracker), nullptr, std::move(controller)));
-        setRefreshRateSelector(std::move(selectorPtr));
+
+        const auto displayId = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
+        registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
     }
 
     ConnectionHandle createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread> eventThread) {
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@
 
     auto &mutableLayerHistory() { return mLayerHistory; }
 
-    auto refreshRateSelector() { return holdRefreshRateSelector(); }
+    auto refreshRateSelector() { return leaderSelectorPtr(); }
 
     void replaceTouchTimer(int64_t millis) {
         if (mTouchTimer) {
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@
         mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams.reset();
     }
 
-    void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, DisplayModePtr mode) {
+    void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, const FrameRateMode &mode) {
         return Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(handle, mode);
     }
 
@@ -655,8 +657,7 @@
         }
 
         mRefreshRateSelector = std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateSelector>(modes, kModeId60);
-        const auto fps =
-                FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveMode().getFps());
+        const auto fps = mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
         mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration = mFactory.createVsyncConfiguration(fps);
         mFlinger->mVsyncModulator = sp<scheduler::VsyncModulator>::make(
                 mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
@@ -730,12 +731,14 @@
         return mFlinger->mTransactionHandler.mPendingTransactionQueues;
     }
 
-    auto setTransactionState(
-            const FrameTimelineInfo &frameTimelineInfo, const Vector<ComposerState> &states,
-            const Vector<DisplayState> &displays, uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder> &applyToken,
-            const InputWindowCommands &inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-            bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t &uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-            std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> &listenerCallbacks, uint64_t transactionId) {
+    auto setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo &frameTimelineInfo,
+                             Vector<ComposerState> &states, const Vector<DisplayState> &displays,
+                             uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder> &applyToken,
+                             const InputWindowCommands &inputWindowCommands,
+                             int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                             const client_cache_t &uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
+                             std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> &listenerCallbacks,
+                             uint64_t transactionId) {
         return mFlinger->setTransactionState(frameTimelineInfo, states, displays, flags, applyToken,
                                              inputWindowCommands, desiredPresentTime,
                                              isAutoTimestamp, uncacheBuffer, hasListenerCallbacks,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
index acfc1d4..c5b3fa6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_layer_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
     layer->setBuffer(texture, {} /*bufferData*/, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>() /*postTime*/,
                      mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>() /*desiredTime*/,
                      mFdp.ConsumeBool() /*isAutoTimestamp*/,
-                     {mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>()} /*dequeue*/, {} /*info*/);
+                     {mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>()} /*dequeue*/, {} /*info*/, 0 /* hwcslot */);
 
     LayerRenderArea layerArea(*(flinger.flinger()), layer, getFuzzedRect(),
                               {mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
index bd11a37..7959e52 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@
     const RefreshRateSelector::GlobalSignals globalSignals = {.touch = false, .idle = false};
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = mFdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>()}};
 
-    refreshRateSelector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, globalSignals);
+    refreshRateSelector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, globalSignals);
 
     layers[0].name = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kRandomStringLength);
     layers[0].ownerUid = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>();
@@ -381,7 +381,8 @@
                                                              mFdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>())}});
         refreshRateSelector.setPolicy(RefreshRateSelector::NoOverridePolicy{});
 
-        refreshRateSelector.setActiveModeId(modeId);
+        refreshRateSelector.setActiveMode(modeId,
+                                          Fps::fromValue(mFdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>()));
     }
 
     RefreshRateSelector::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps::fromValue(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
index 88e32e1..2bc5b46 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    void setDivisor(unsigned) override {}
+
     nsecs_t nextVSyncTime(nsecs_t timePoint) const {
         if (timePoint % mPeriod == 0) {
             return timePoint;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index d88da4d..0114577 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
         "FpsTest.cpp",
         "FramebufferSurfaceTest.cpp",
         "FrameRateOverrideMappingsTest.cpp",
+        "FrameRateSelectionPriorityTest.cpp",
         "FrameTimelineTest.cpp",
         "GameModeTest.cpp",
         "HWComposerTest.cpp",
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@
         "LayerHistoryTest.cpp",
         "LayerInfoTest.cpp",
         "LayerMetadataTest.cpp",
+        "LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp",
         "LayerTest.cpp",
         "LayerTestUtils.cpp",
         "MessageQueueTest.cpp",
@@ -112,7 +114,6 @@
         "SchedulerTest.cpp",
         "SetFrameRateTest.cpp",
         "RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp",
-        "RefreshRateSelectionTest.cpp",
         "RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp",
         "RegionSamplingTest.cpp",
         "TimeStatsTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp
index 982b9ff..60ad7a3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
 
 #include "DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h"
+#include "mock/MockFrameRateMode.h"
 
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 
 class InitiateModeChangeTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
 public:
+    using Action = DisplayDevice::DesiredActiveModeAction;
     using Event = scheduler::DisplayModeEvent;
 
     void SetUp() override {
@@ -56,31 +58,42 @@
     static constexpr DisplayModeId kModeId90{1};
     static constexpr DisplayModeId kModeId120{2};
 
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode60 = createDisplayMode(kModeId60, 60_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode90 = createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode120 = createDisplayMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz);
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode60 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId60, 60_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode90 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode120 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz));
 };
 
 TEST_F(InitiateModeChangeTest, setDesiredActiveMode_setCurrentMode) {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode({kMode60, Event::None}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::None,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kMode60}, Event::None}));
     EXPECT_EQ(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitiateModeChangeTest, setDesiredActiveMode_setNewMode) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode({kMode90, Event::None}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{90_Hz, kMode90}, Event::None}));
     ASSERT_NE(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->event);
 
-    // Setting another mode should be cached but return false
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode({kMode120, Event::None}));
+    // Setting another mode should be cached but return None
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::None,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kMode120}, Event::None}));
     ASSERT_NE(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->event);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitiateModeChangeTest, clearDesiredActiveModeState) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode({kMode90, Event::None}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{90_Hz, kMode90}, Event::None}));
     ASSERT_NE(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
 
     mDisplay->clearDesiredActiveModeState();
@@ -88,9 +101,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitiateModeChangeTest, initiateModeChange) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode({kMode90, Event::None}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{90_Hz, kMode90}, Event::None}));
     ASSERT_NE(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->event);
 
     hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints constraints{
@@ -101,18 +116,27 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(OK,
               mDisplay->initiateModeChange(*mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode(), constraints,
                                            &timeline));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, *mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().event);
 
     mDisplay->clearDesiredActiveModeState();
     ASSERT_EQ(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
 }
 
+TEST_F(InitiateModeChangeTest, initiateRenderRateChange) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::InitiateRenderRateSwitch,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{30_Hz, kMode60}, Event::None}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
+}
+
 TEST_F(InitiateModeChangeTest, getUpcomingActiveMode_desiredActiveModeChanged)
 NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode({kMode90, Event::None}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{90_Hz, kMode90}, Event::None}));
     ASSERT_NE(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->event);
 
     hal::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints constraints{
@@ -123,21 +147,23 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(OK,
               mDisplay->initiateModeChange(*mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode(), constraints,
                                            &timeline));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, *mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().event);
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode({kMode120, Event::None}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Action::None,
+              mDisplay->setDesiredActiveMode(
+                      {scheduler::FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kMode120}, Event::None}));
     ASSERT_NE(std::nullopt, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->event);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, *mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().event);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(OK,
               mDisplay->initiateModeChange(*mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode(), constraints,
                                            &timeline));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().mode);
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, *mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().modeOpt);
     EXPECT_EQ(Event::None, mDisplay->getUpcomingActiveMode().event);
 
     mDisplay->clearDesiredActiveModeState();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionPriorityTest.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectionTest.cpp
rename to services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionPriorityTest.cpp
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
index 342c646..8f89a8c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@
                                     {kMetadata2Name, kMetadata2Mandatory},
                             }),
                             Return(hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::Error::NONE)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getOverlaySupport(_)).WillOnce(Return(HalError::NONE));
+
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, registerCallback(_));
 
     mHwc.setCallback(mCallback);
@@ -162,6 +164,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getCapabilities()).WillOnce(Return(std::vector<aidl::Capability>{}));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::Error::UNSUPPORTED));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getOverlaySupport(_)).WillOnce(Return(HalError::UNSUPPORTED));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, registerCallback(_));
 
     mHwc.setCallback(mCallback);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89440a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
+#include "Layer.h"
+#include "gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h"
+
+using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+namespace {
+LayerCreationArgs createArgs(uint32_t id, bool canBeRoot, wp<IBinder> parent, wp<IBinder> mirror) {
+    LayerCreationArgs args(nullptr, nullptr, "testlayer", 0, {}, std::make_optional(id));
+    args.addToRoot = canBeRoot;
+    args.parentHandle = parent;
+    args.mirrorLayerHandle = mirror;
+    return args;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+// To run test:
+/**
+ mp :libsurfaceflinger_unittest && adb sync; adb shell \
+    /data/nativetest/libsurfaceflinger_unittest/libsurfaceflinger_unittest \
+    --gtest_filter="LayerLifecycleManagerTest.*" --gtest_repeat=100 \
+    --gtest_shuffle \
+    --gtest_brief=1
+*/
+class ExpectLayerLifecycleListener : public LayerLifecycleManager::ILifecycleListener {
+public:
+    void onLayerAdded(const RequestedLayerState& layer) override {
+        mActualLayersAdded.emplace(layer.id);
+    };
+    void onLayerDestroyed(const RequestedLayerState& layer) override {
+        mActualLayersDestroyed.emplace(layer.id);
+    };
+
+    void expectLayersAdded(const std::unordered_set<uint32_t>& expectedLayersAdded) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedLayersAdded, mActualLayersAdded);
+        mActualLayersAdded.clear();
+    }
+    void expectLayersDestroyed(const std::unordered_set<uint32_t>& expectedLayersDestroyed) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedLayersDestroyed, mActualLayersDestroyed);
+        mActualLayersDestroyed.clear();
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> mActualLayersAdded;
+    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> mActualLayersDestroyed;
+};
+
+class LayerLifecycleManagerTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState> rootLayer(uint32_t id) {
+        return std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
+                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/true, /*parent=*/nullptr, /*mirror=*/nullptr));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState> childLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parentId) {
+        mHandles[parentId] = sp<LayerHandle>::make(parentId);
+        return std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false,
+                                                                /*parent=*/mHandles[parentId],
+                                                                /*mirror=*/nullptr));
+    }
+
+    TransactionState reparentLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t newParentId) {
+        TransactionState transaction;
+        transaction.states.push_back({});
+
+        if (newParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+            transaction.states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            transaction.states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
+                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(),
+                                             sp<LayerHandle>::make(newParentId),
+                                             static_cast<int32_t>(newParentId), "Test");
+        }
+        transaction.states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eReparent;
+        transaction.states.front().state.surface = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
+        return transaction;
+    }
+
+    TransactionState setLayer(uint32_t id, int32_t z) {
+        TransactionState transaction;
+        transaction.states.push_back({});
+        transaction.states.front().state.z = z;
+        transaction.states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
+        transaction.states.front().state.surface = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
+        return transaction;
+    }
+
+    TransactionState makeRelative(uint32_t id, uint32_t relativeParentId) {
+        TransactionState transaction;
+        transaction.states.push_back({});
+
+        if (relativeParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+            transaction.states.front().state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            transaction.states.front().state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl =
+                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(),
+                                             sp<LayerHandle>::make(relativeParentId),
+                                             static_cast<int32_t>(relativeParentId), "Test");
+        }
+        transaction.states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged;
+        transaction.states.front().state.surface = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
+        return transaction;
+    }
+
+    RequestedLayerState* getRequestedLayerState(LayerLifecycleManager& lifecycleManager,
+                                                uint32_t layerId) {
+        return lifecycleManager.getLayerFromId(layerId);
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, sp<LayerHandle>> mHandles;
+};
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, addLayers) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(3));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({1, 2, 3});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({1, 2, 3});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, updateLayerStates) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.z = 2;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
+    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    transactions.clear();
+
+    auto& managedLayers = lifecycleManager.getLayers();
+    ASSERT_EQ(managedLayers.size(), 1u);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(managedLayers.front()->z, 2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(managedLayers.front()->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Z));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    ASSERT_EQ(managedLayers.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(managedLayers.front()->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Z));
+
+    // apply transactions that do not affect the hierarchy
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.backgroundBlurRadius = 22;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    EXPECT_EQ(managedLayers.front()->backgroundBlurRadius, 22u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, layerWithoutHandleIsDestroyed) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({1});
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+
+    SCOPED_TRACE("layerWithoutHandleIsDestroyed");
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({1});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, rootLayerWithoutHandleIsDestroyed) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({1});
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({1});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, offscreenLayerIsDestroyed) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(3, /*parent*/ 2));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+
+    lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({3});
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({3});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, offscreenChildLayerWithHandleIsNotDestroyed) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(3, /*parent*/ 2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(4, /*parent*/ 3));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({3});
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({3});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, offscreenChildLayerWithoutHandleIsDestroyed) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(3, /*parent*/ 2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(4, /*parent*/ 3));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(3, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({3, 4});
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({3, 4});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, reparentingDoesNotAffectRelativeZ) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(3, /*parent*/ 2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(4, /*parent*/ 3));
+
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({makeRelative(4, 1)});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(4, 2)});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
+
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, reparentingToNullRemovesRelativeZ) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(3, /*parent*/ 2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(4, /*parent*/ 3));
+
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({makeRelative(4, 1)});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({reparentLayer(4, UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID)});
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
+
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, setZRemovesRelativeZ) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(3, /*parent*/ 2));
+    layers.emplace_back(childLayer(4, /*parent*/ 3));
+
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({makeRelative(4, 1)});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions({setLayer(4, 1)});
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 4)->isRelativeOf);
+
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, canAddBackgroundLayer) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColorAlpha = 0.5;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
+    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+
+    auto& managedLayers = lifecycleManager.getLayers();
+    ASSERT_EQ(managedLayers.size(), 2u);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({});
+    EXPECT_EQ(getRequestedLayerState(lifecycleManager, 2)->color.a, 0.5_hf);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, canDestroyBackgroundLayer) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColorAlpha = 0.5;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
+    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColorAlpha = 0;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(lifecycleManager.getLayers().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(lifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers().size(), 1u);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({2});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerLifecycleManagerTest, onParentDestroyDestroysBackgroundLayer) {
+    LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
+    auto listener = std::make_shared<ExpectLayerLifecycleListener>();
+    lifecycleManager.addLifecycleListener(listener);
+
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+    layers.emplace_back(rootLayer(1));
+    lifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColorAlpha = 0.5;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
+    sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(1u);
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = handle;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    lifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    lifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({1});
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(lifecycleManager.getLayers().size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(lifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers().size(), 2u);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(lifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    lifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    listener->expectLayersAdded({1, 2});
+    listener->expectLayersDestroyed({1, 2});
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
index cedb7eb..fdf2ffe 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectorTest.cpp
@@ -26,10 +26,14 @@
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 
+#include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
 #include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplayMode.h"
+#include "mock/MockFrameRateMode.h"
+
+#include "libsurfaceflinger_unittest_main.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
@@ -45,71 +49,77 @@
 using mock::createDisplayMode;
 
 struct TestableRefreshRateSelector : RefreshRateSelector {
+    using RefreshRateSelector::FrameRateRanking;
     using RefreshRateSelector::RefreshRateOrder;
-    using RefreshRateSelector::RefreshRateRanking;
 
     using RefreshRateSelector::RefreshRateSelector;
 
-    void setActiveModeId(DisplayModeId modeId) {
+    void setActiveMode(DisplayModeId modeId, Fps renderFrameRate) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        return RefreshRateSelector::setActiveModeId(modeId);
+        return RefreshRateSelector::setActiveMode(modeId, renderFrameRate);
     }
 
     const DisplayMode& getActiveMode() const {
-        ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        return RefreshRateSelector::getActiveMode();
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        return *RefreshRateSelector::getActiveModeLocked().modePtr;
     }
 
-    DisplayModePtr getMinSupportedRefreshRate() const {
+    ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> getMinSupportedRefreshRate() const {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-        return mMinRefreshRateModeIt->second;
+        return ftl::as_non_null(mMinRefreshRateModeIt->second);
     }
 
-    DisplayModePtr getMaxSupportedRefreshRate() const {
+    ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> getMaxSupportedRefreshRate() const {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-        return mMaxRefreshRateModeIt->second;
+        return ftl::as_non_null(mMaxRefreshRateModeIt->second);
     }
 
-    DisplayModePtr getMinRefreshRateByPolicy() const {
+    ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> getMinRefreshRateByPolicy() const {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-        return getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
+        return ftl::as_non_null(getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked());
     }
 
-    DisplayModePtr getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy() const {
+    ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy() const {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-        return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(getActiveModeItLocked()->second->getGroup());
+        return ftl::as_non_null(
+                getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(getActiveModeLocked().modePtr->getGroup()));
     }
 
-    RefreshRateRanking rankRefreshRates(std::optional<int> anchorGroupOpt,
-                                        RefreshRateOrder refreshRateOrder) const {
+    FrameRateRanking rankRefreshRates(std::optional<int> anchorGroupOpt,
+                                      RefreshRateOrder refreshRateOrder) const {
         std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-        return RefreshRateSelector::rankRefreshRates(anchorGroupOpt, refreshRateOrder);
+        return RefreshRateSelector::rankFrameRates(anchorGroupOpt, refreshRateOrder);
     }
 
     const std::vector<Fps>& knownFrameRates() const { return mKnownFrameRates; }
 
-    using RefreshRateSelector::GetRankedRefreshRatesCache;
-    auto& mutableGetRankedRefreshRatesCache() { return mGetRankedRefreshRatesCache; }
+    using RefreshRateSelector::GetRankedFrameRatesCache;
+    auto& mutableGetRankedRefreshRatesCache() { return mGetRankedFrameRatesCache; }
 
-    auto getRankedRefreshRates(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                               GlobalSignals signals) const {
-        const auto result = RefreshRateSelector::getRankedRefreshRates(layers, signals);
+    auto getRankedFrameRates(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
+                             GlobalSignals signals) const {
+        const auto result = RefreshRateSelector::getRankedFrameRates(layers, signals);
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_sorted(result.ranking.begin(), result.ranking.end(),
-                                   ScoredRefreshRate::DescendingScore{}));
+                                   ScoredFrameRate::DescendingScore{}));
 
         return result;
     }
 
     auto getRankedRefreshRatesAsPair(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
                                      GlobalSignals signals) const {
-        const auto [ranking, consideredSignals] = getRankedRefreshRates(layers, signals);
+        const auto [ranking, consideredSignals] = getRankedFrameRates(layers, signals);
         return std::make_pair(ranking, consideredSignals);
     }
 
-    DisplayModePtr getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers = {},
-                                      GlobalSignals signals = {}) const {
-        return getRankedRefreshRates(layers, signals).ranking.front().modePtr;
+    ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> getBestFrameRateMode(
+            const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers = {}, GlobalSignals signals = {}) const {
+        return getRankedFrameRates(layers, signals).ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr;
+    }
+
+    ScoredFrameRate getBestScoredFrameRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers = {},
+                                           GlobalSignals signals = {}) const {
+        return getRankedFrameRates(layers, signals).ranking.front();
     }
 
     SetPolicyResult setPolicy(const PolicyVariant& policy) {
@@ -120,9 +130,11 @@
     SetPolicyResult setDisplayManagerPolicy(const DisplayManagerPolicy& policy) {
         return setPolicy(policy);
     }
+
+    const auto& getPrimaryFrameRates() const { return mPrimaryFrameRates; }
 };
 
-class RefreshRateSelectorTest : public testing::Test {
+class RefreshRateSelectorTest : public testing::TestWithParam<Config::FrameRateOverride> {
 protected:
     using RefreshRateOrder = TestableRefreshRateSelector::RefreshRateOrder;
 
@@ -140,28 +152,48 @@
     static constexpr DisplayModeId kModeId24Frac{8};
     static constexpr DisplayModeId kModeId30Frac{9};
     static constexpr DisplayModeId kModeId60Frac{10};
+    static constexpr DisplayModeId kModeId35{11};
 
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode60 = createDisplayMode(kModeId60, 60_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode60Frac = createDisplayMode(kModeId60Frac, 59.94_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode90 = createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode90_G1 = createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz, 1);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode90_4K =
-            createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz, 0, {3840, 2160});
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode72 = createDisplayMode(kModeId72, 72_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode72_G1 = createDisplayMode(kModeId72, 72_Hz, 1);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode120 = createDisplayMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode120_G1 = createDisplayMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz, 1);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode30 = createDisplayMode(kModeId30, 30_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode30_G1 = createDisplayMode(kModeId30, 30_Hz, 1);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode30Frac = createDisplayMode(kModeId30Frac, 29.97_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode25 = createDisplayMode(kModeId25, 25_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode25_G1 = createDisplayMode(kModeId25, 25_Hz, 1);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode50 = createDisplayMode(kModeId50, 50_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode24 = createDisplayMode(kModeId24, 24_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kMode24Frac = createDisplayMode(kModeId24Frac, 23.976_Hz);
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode60 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId60, 60_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode60Frac =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId60Frac, 59.94_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode90 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode90_G1 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz, 1));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode90_4K =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz, 0, {3840, 2160}));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode72 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId72, 72_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode72_G1 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId72, 72_Hz, 1));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode120 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode120_G1 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz, 1));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode30 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId30, 30_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode30_G1 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId30, 30_Hz, 1));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode30Frac =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId30Frac, 29.97_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode25 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId25, 25_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode25_G1 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId25, 25_Hz, 1));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode35 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId35, 35_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode50 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId50, 50_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode24 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId24, 24_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kMode24Frac =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kModeId24Frac, 23.976_Hz));
 
     // Test configurations.
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_60 = makeModes(kMode60);
+    static inline const DisplayModes kModes_35_60_90 = makeModes(kMode35, kMode60, kMode90);
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_60_90 = makeModes(kMode60, kMode90);
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_60_90_G1 = makeModes(kMode60, kMode90_G1);
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_60_90_4K = makeModes(kMode60, kMode90_4K);
@@ -185,6 +217,13 @@
     static inline const DisplayModes kModes_24_25_30_50_60_Frac =
             makeModes(kMode24, kMode24Frac, kMode25, kMode30, kMode30Frac, kMode50, kMode60,
                       kMode60Frac);
+
+    static TestableRefreshRateSelector createSelector(DisplayModes modes,
+                                                      DisplayModeId activeModeId,
+                                                      Config config = {}) {
+        config.enableFrameRateOverride = GetParam();
+        return TestableRefreshRateSelector(modes, activeModeId, config);
+    }
 };
 
 RefreshRateSelectorTest::RefreshRateSelectorTest() {
@@ -201,13 +240,23 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, oneMode_canSwitch) {
-    RefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60, kModeId60);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(selector.canSwitch());
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerOverrideConfig, RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+                         testing::Values(Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled,
+                                         Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates,
+                                         Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride,
+                                         Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled));
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, oneMode_canSwitch) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60, kModeId60);
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(selector.canSwitch());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_FALSE(selector.canSwitch());
+    }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, invalidPolicy) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, invalidPolicy) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60, kModeId60);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Invalid,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({DisplayModeId(10), {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}));
@@ -215,8 +264,8 @@
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {20_Hz, 40_Hz}}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, unchangedPolicy) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, unchangedPolicy) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId90, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
@@ -236,8 +285,8 @@
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId90, {30_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_storesFullRefreshRateMap) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_storesFullRefreshRateMap) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     const auto minRate = selector.getMinSupportedRefreshRate();
     const auto performanceRate = selector.getMaxSupportedRefreshRate();
@@ -252,8 +301,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(performanceRateByPolicy, performanceRate);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_storesFullRefreshRateMap_differentGroups) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_storesFullRefreshRateMap_differentGroups) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     const auto minRate = selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy();
     const auto performanceRate = selector.getMaxSupportedRefreshRate();
@@ -266,7 +315,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId90, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     const auto minRate90 = selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy();
     const auto performanceRate90 = selector.getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy();
@@ -276,8 +325,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(kMode90_G1, performanceRate90);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_storesFullRefreshRateMap_differentResolutions) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_4K, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_storesFullRefreshRateMap_differentResolutions) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_4K, kModeId60);
 
     const auto minRate = selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy();
     const auto performanceRate = selector.getMaxSupportedRefreshRate();
@@ -290,7 +339,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId90, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     const auto minRate90 = selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy();
     const auto performanceRate90 = selector.getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy();
@@ -300,8 +349,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(kMode90_4K, performanceRate90);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_policyChange) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_policyChange) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     const auto minRate = selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy();
     const auto performanceRate = selector.getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy();
@@ -319,14 +368,14 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, performanceRate60);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_getActiveMode) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_getActiveMode) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
     {
         const auto& mode = selector.getActiveMode();
         EXPECT_EQ(mode.getId(), kModeId60);
     }
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
     {
         const auto& mode = selector.getActiveMode();
         EXPECT_EQ(mode.getId(), kModeId90);
@@ -340,31 +389,31 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_noLayers) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_noLayers) {
     {
-        TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_72_90, kModeId72);
+        auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_72_90, kModeId72);
 
         // If there are no layers we select the default frame rate, which is the max of the primary
         // range.
-        EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode());
 
         EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
                   selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode());
     }
     {
         // We select max even when this will cause a non-seamless switch.
-        TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+        auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
         constexpr bool kAllowGroupSwitching = true;
         EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
                   selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
                           {kModeId90, {0_Hz, 90_Hz}, kAllowGroupSwitching}));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kMode90_G1, selector.getBestRefreshRate());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode90_G1, selector.getBestFrameRateMode());
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_exactDontChangeRefreshRateWhenNotInPolicy) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId72);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_exactDontChangeRefreshRateWhenNotInPolicy) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId72);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
@@ -372,188 +421,187 @@
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId72, {0_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_90) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_60_90) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.name = "";
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {0_Hz, 120_Hz}}));
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_multipleThreshold_60_90) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60,
-                                         {.frameRateMultipleThreshold = 90});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_multipleThreshold_60_90) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60, {.frameRateMultipleThreshold = 90});
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_72_90) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_72_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_60_72_90) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_72_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90_120) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_30_60_72_90_120) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
@@ -563,23 +611,23 @@
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
@@ -591,7 +639,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -599,7 +647,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -607,7 +655,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -615,7 +663,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -623,7 +671,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
@@ -631,7 +679,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
@@ -639,7 +687,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -647,7 +695,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
@@ -655,12 +703,13 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes_multipleThreshold) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60,
-                                         {.frameRateMultipleThreshold = 120});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes_multipleThreshold) {
+    auto selector =
+            createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60, {.frameRateMultipleThreshold = 120});
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
@@ -673,7 +722,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -681,7 +730,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -689,7 +738,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -697,7 +746,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -705,7 +754,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
@@ -713,7 +762,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
@@ -721,7 +770,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -729,7 +778,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
@@ -737,14 +786,14 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -752,7 +801,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "120Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -760,7 +809,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     lr2.name = "120Hz ExplicitExact";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 10_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -768,7 +817,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "120Hz ExplicitExact";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -779,86 +828,86 @@
     lr3.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr3.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
     lr3.name = "120Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_30_60) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_30_60_72_90) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_PriorityTest) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_PriorityTest) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
@@ -866,43 +915,43 @@
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 15_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_24FpsVideo) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_24FpsVideo) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
@@ -910,15 +959,14 @@
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 23.0f; fps < 25.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
-        const auto mode = selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers);
+        const auto mode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers);
         EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, mode) << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses "
                                  << to_string(mode->getFps());
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_24FpsVideo_multipleThreshold_60_120) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_120, kModeId60,
-                                         {.frameRateMultipleThreshold = 120});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_24FpsVideo_multipleThreshold_60_120) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId60, {.frameRateMultipleThreshold = 120});
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
@@ -926,14 +974,14 @@
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 23.0f; fps < 25.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
-        const auto mode = selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers);
+        const auto mode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers);
         EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, mode) << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses "
                                  << to_string(mode->getFps());
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_getBestRefreshRate_Explicit) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, twoModes_getBestFrameRateMode_Explicit) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
@@ -943,23 +991,23 @@
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_75HzContent) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_75HzContent) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
@@ -967,14 +1015,14 @@
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 75.0f; fps < 100.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
-        const auto mode = selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        const auto mode = selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {});
         EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, mode) << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses "
                                  << to_string(mode->getFps());
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_Multiples) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_Multiples) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
@@ -986,7 +1034,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
@@ -994,14 +1042,14 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
@@ -1009,18 +1057,18 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr1.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, scrollWhileWatching60fps_60_90) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, scrollWhileWatching60fps_60_90) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
@@ -1031,28 +1079,28 @@
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     // The other layer starts to provide buffers
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -1061,49 +1109,70 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMaxRefreshRatesByPolicy) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMaxRefreshRatesByPolicy) {
     // The kModes_30_60_90 contains two kMode72_G1, kMode120_G1 which are from the
     // different group.
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
-
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
     const auto refreshRates = selector.rankRefreshRates(selector.getActiveMode().getGroup(),
                                                         RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
 
-    const std::array expectedRefreshRates = {kMode90, kMode60, kMode30};
+    const auto expectedRefreshRates = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {45_Hz, kMode90}, {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+        }
+    }();
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMinRefreshRatesByPolicy) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMinRefreshRatesByPolicy) {
     // The kModes_30_60_90 contains two kMode72_G1, kMode120_G1 which are from the
     // different group.
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     const auto refreshRates = selector.rankRefreshRates(selector.getActiveMode().getGroup(),
                                                         RefreshRateOrder::Ascending);
 
-    const std::array expectedRefreshRates = {kMode30, kMode60, kMode90};
+    const auto expectedRefreshRates = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{30_Hz, kMode30}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {90_Hz, kMode90}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{30_Hz, kMode30}, {45_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {90_Hz, kMode90}};
+        }
+    }();
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMinRefreshRatesByPolicyOutsideTheGroup) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMinRefreshRatesByPolicyOutsideTheGroup) {
     // The kModes_30_60_90 contains two kMode72_G1, kMode120_G1 which are from the
     // different group.
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId72);
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId72);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {30_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
@@ -1111,20 +1180,31 @@
     const auto refreshRates =
             selector.rankRefreshRates(/*anchorGroupOpt*/ std::nullopt, RefreshRateOrder::Ascending);
 
-    const std::array expectedRefreshRates = {kMode30, kMode60, kMode90};
+    const auto expectedRefreshRates = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{30_Hz, kMode30}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {90_Hz, kMode90}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{30_Hz, kMode30}, {45_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {90_Hz, kMode90}};
+        }
+    }();
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMaxRefreshRatesByPolicyOutsideTheGroup) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getMaxRefreshRatesByPolicyOutsideTheGroup) {
     // The kModes_30_60_90 contains two kMode72_G1, kMode120_G1 which are from the
     // different group.
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId72);
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId72);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {30_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
@@ -1132,29 +1212,52 @@
     const auto refreshRates = selector.rankRefreshRates(/*anchorGroupOpt*/ std::nullopt,
                                                         RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
 
-    const std::array expectedRefreshRates = {kMode90, kMode60, kMode30};
+    const auto expectedRefreshRates = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60}, {45_Hz, kMode90}, {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+        }
+    }();
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, powerOnImminentConsidered) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, powerOnImminentConsidered) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
-    auto [refreshRates, signals] = selector.getRankedRefreshRates({}, {});
+    auto [refreshRates, signals] = selector.getRankedFrameRates({}, {});
     EXPECT_FALSE(signals.powerOnImminent);
 
-    std::array expectedRefreshRates = {kMode90, kMode60};
+    auto expectedRefreshRates = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60},   {45_Hz, kMode90},
+                        {30_Hz, kMode60}, {22.5_Hz, kMode90}, {20_Hz, kMode60}};
+        }
+    }();
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     std::tie(refreshRates, signals) =
@@ -1164,9 +1267,11 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
@@ -1182,29 +1287,43 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     std::tie(refreshRates, signals) =
             selector.getRankedRefreshRatesAsPair(layers, {.powerOnImminent = false});
     EXPECT_FALSE(signals.powerOnImminent);
 
-    expectedRefreshRates = {kMode60, kMode90};
+    expectedRefreshRates = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{60_Hz, kMode60}, {90_Hz, kMode90}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{60_Hz, kMode60}, {90_Hz, kMode90},   {45_Hz, kMode90},
+                        {30_Hz, kMode60}, {22.5_Hz, kMode90}, {20_Hz, kMode60}};
+        }
+    }();
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates.size(), refreshRates.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRefreshRates.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRefreshRates[i]->getFps().getIntValue()
-                << " Actual fps " << refreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRates[i], refreshRates[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRefreshRates[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << refreshRates[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, touchConsidered) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, touchConsidered) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
-    auto [_, signals] = selector.getRankedRefreshRates({}, {});
+    auto [_, signals] = selector.getRankedFrameRates({}, {});
     EXPECT_FALSE(signals.touch);
 
     std::tie(std::ignore, signals) = selector.getRankedRefreshRatesAsPair({}, {.touch = true});
@@ -1251,8 +1370,8 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(signals.touch);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitDefault) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_72_120, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_ExplicitDefault) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_72_120, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
@@ -1284,57 +1403,57 @@
         ss << "ExplicitDefault " << desired;
         lr.name = ss.str();
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(expected, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getFps());
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps());
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
-       getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExactOrMultiple_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_ExplicitExactOrMultiple_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     // Test that 23.976 will choose 24 if 23.976 is not supported
     {
-        TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(makeModes(kMode24, kMode25, kMode30, kMode30Frac,
-                                                       kMode60, kMode60Frac),
-                                             kModeId60);
+        auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode24, kMode25, kMode30, kMode30Frac, kMode60,
+                                                 kMode60Frac),
+                                       kModeId60);
 
         lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = 23.976_Hz;
         lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 23.976 Hz";
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId24, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId24, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
     }
 
     // Test that 24 will choose 23.976 if 24 is not supported
     {
-        TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(makeModes(kMode24Frac, kMode25, kMode30, kMode30Frac,
-                                                       kMode60, kMode60Frac),
-                                             kModeId60);
+        auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode24Frac, kMode25, kMode30, kMode30Frac,
+                                                 kMode60, kMode60Frac),
+                                       kModeId60);
 
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
         lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 24 Hz";
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId24Frac, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId24Frac, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
     }
 
     // Test that 29.97 will prefer 59.94 over 60 and 30
     {
-        TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(makeModes(kMode24, kMode24Frac, kMode25, kMode30,
-                                                       kMode60, kMode60Frac),
-                                             kModeId60);
+        auto selector = createSelector(makeModes(kMode24, kMode24Frac, kMode25, kMode30, kMode60,
+                                                 kMode60Frac),
+                                       kModeId60);
 
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = 29.97_Hz;
         lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 29.97 Hz";
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60Frac, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60Frac, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExact_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_ExplicitExact_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     // Test that voting for supported refresh rate will select this refresh rate
     {
-        TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_24_25_30_50_60_Frac, kModeId60);
+        auto selector = createSelector(kModes_24_25_30_50_60_Frac, kModeId60);
 
         for (auto desired : {23.976_Hz, 24_Hz, 25_Hz, 29.97_Hz, 30_Hz, 50_Hz, 59.94_Hz, 60_Hz}) {
             lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
@@ -1343,14 +1462,14 @@
             ss << "ExplicitExact " << desired;
             lr.name = ss.str();
 
-            EXPECT_EQ(lr.desiredRefreshRate, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getFps());
+            EXPECT_EQ(lr.desiredRefreshRate, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps());
         }
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
-       getBestRefreshRate_withDisplayManagerRequestingSingleRate_ignoresTouchFlag) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId90);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_withDisplayManagerRequestingSingleRate_ignoresTouchFlag) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId90);
 
     constexpr FpsRange k90 = {90_Hz, 90_Hz};
     constexpr FpsRange k60_90 = {60_Hz, 90_Hz};
@@ -1365,16 +1484,16 @@
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = true;
 
-    const auto [mode, signals] =
-            selector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = true});
+    const auto [rankedFrameRate, signals] =
+            selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = true});
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mode.begin()->modePtr, kMode60);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rankedFrameRate.begin()->frameRateMode.modePtr, kMode60);
     EXPECT_FALSE(signals.touch);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
-       getBestRefreshRate_withDisplayManagerRequestingSingleRate_ignoresIdleFlag) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_withDisplayManagerRequestingSingleRate_ignoresIdleFlag) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     constexpr FpsRange k60 = {60_Hz, 60_Hz};
     constexpr FpsRange k60_90 = {60_Hz, 90_Hz};
@@ -1389,11 +1508,11 @@
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.idle = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.idle = true}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, testDisplayModeOrdering) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, testDisplayModeOrdering) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f},
                                             {.weight = 1.f},
@@ -1426,15 +1545,31 @@
     lr5.name = "30Hz";
     lr5.focused = true;
 
-    std::array expectedRanking = {kMode120, kMode90, kMode72, kMode60, kMode30};
-    auto actualRanking = selector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, {}).ranking;
+    auto expectedRanking = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{120_Hz, kMode120},
+                        {90_Hz, kMode90},
+                        {72_Hz, kMode72},
+                        {60_Hz, kMode60},
+                        {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{120_Hz, kMode120}, {90_Hz, kMode90},  {72_Hz, kMode72}, {60_Hz, kMode60},
+                        {45_Hz, kMode90},   {40_Hz, kMode120}, {36_Hz, kMode72}, {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+        }
+    }();
 
+    auto actualRanking = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {}).ranking;
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRanking.size(), actualRanking.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRanking[i]->getFps().getIntValue() << " Actual fps "
-                << actualRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
@@ -1452,15 +1587,31 @@
     lr5.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
     lr5.name = "120Hz";
 
-    expectedRanking = {kMode120, kMode90, kMode72, kMode60, kMode30};
-    actualRanking = selector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, {}).ranking;
+    expectedRanking = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{120_Hz, kMode120},
+                        {90_Hz, kMode90},
+                        {72_Hz, kMode72},
+                        {60_Hz, kMode60},
+                        {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{120_Hz, kMode120}, {90_Hz, kMode90},  {72_Hz, kMode72}, {60_Hz, kMode60},
+                        {45_Hz, kMode90},   {40_Hz, kMode120}, {36_Hz, kMode72}, {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+        }
+    }();
+    actualRanking = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {}).ranking;
 
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRanking.size(), actualRanking.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRanking[i]->getFps().getIntValue() << " Actual fps "
-                << actualRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
@@ -1476,15 +1627,31 @@
     lr5.desiredRefreshRate = 72_Hz;
     lr5.name = "72Hz";
 
-    expectedRanking = {kMode30, kMode60, kMode90, kMode120, kMode72};
-    actualRanking = selector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, {}).ranking;
+    expectedRanking = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{30_Hz, kMode30},
+                        {60_Hz, kMode60},
+                        {90_Hz, kMode90},
+                        {120_Hz, kMode120},
+                        {72_Hz, kMode72}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{30_Hz, kMode30}, {60_Hz, kMode60},  {90_Hz, kMode90}, {120_Hz, kMode120},
+                        {45_Hz, kMode90}, {40_Hz, kMode120}, {72_Hz, kMode72}, {36_Hz, kMode72}};
+        }
+    }();
+    actualRanking = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {}).ranking;
 
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRanking.size(), actualRanking.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRanking[i]->getFps().getIntValue() << " Actual fps "
-                << actualRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
@@ -1503,21 +1670,37 @@
     lr5.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
     lr5.name = "120Hz-2";
 
-    expectedRanking = {kMode90, kMode60, kMode120, kMode72, kMode30};
-    actualRanking = selector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, {}).ranking;
+    expectedRanking = []() -> std::vector<FrameRateMode> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90},
+                        {60_Hz, kMode60},
+                        {120_Hz, kMode120},
+                        {72_Hz, kMode72},
+                        {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{90_Hz, kMode90}, {60_Hz, kMode60},  {120_Hz, kMode120}, {72_Hz, kMode72},
+                        {45_Hz, kMode90}, {40_Hz, kMode120}, {36_Hz, kMode72},   {30_Hz, kMode30}};
+        }
+    }();
+    actualRanking = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {}).ranking;
 
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedRanking.size(), actualRanking.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < expectedRanking.size(); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].modePtr)
-                << "Expected fps " << expectedRanking[i]->getFps().getIntValue() << " Actual fps "
-                << actualRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRanking[i], actualRanking[i].frameRateMode)
+                << "Expected " << expectedRanking[i].fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << expectedRanking[i].modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")"
+                << " Actual " << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.fps.getIntValue() << " ("
+                << actualRanking[i].frameRateMode.modePtr->getFps().getIntValue() << ")";
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
-       getBestRefreshRate_withDisplayManagerRequestingSingleRate_onlySwitchesRatesForExplicitFocusedLayers) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId90);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
+       getBestFrameRateMode_withDisplayManagerRequestingSingleRate_onlySwitchesRatesForExplicitFocusedLayers) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId90);
 
     constexpr FpsRange k90 = {90_Hz, 90_Hz};
     constexpr FpsRange k60_90 = {60_Hz, 90_Hz};
@@ -1525,8 +1708,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId90, {k90, k90}, {k60_90, k60_90}}));
 
-    const auto [ranking, signals] = selector.getRankedRefreshRates({}, {});
-    EXPECT_EQ(ranking.front().modePtr, kMode90);
+    const auto [ranking, signals] = selector.getRankedFrameRates({}, {});
+    EXPECT_EQ(ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr, kMode90);
     EXPECT_FALSE(signals.touch);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
@@ -1536,50 +1719,50 @@
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Max";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Min";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingNotAllowed) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingNotAllowed) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     // The default policy doesn't allow group switching. Verify that no
     // group switches are performed.
@@ -1591,11 +1774,11 @@
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayer) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayer) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
     policy.defaultMode = selector.getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
@@ -1609,11 +1792,11 @@
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamless) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamless) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
     policy.defaultMode = selector.getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
@@ -1628,18 +1811,18 @@
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamlessDefaultFps) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamlessDefaultFps) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
     policy.defaultMode = selector.getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed, selector.setPolicy(policy));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     // Verify that we won't do a seamless switch if we request the same mode as the default
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
@@ -1649,18 +1832,18 @@
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerDefaultSeamlessness) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerDefaultSeamlessness) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
     policy.defaultMode = selector.getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed, selector.setPolicy(policy));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     // Verify that if the active mode is in another group and there are no layers with
     // Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless, we should switch back to the default group.
@@ -1673,18 +1856,18 @@
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersOnlySeamlessAndSeamed) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersOnlySeamlessAndSeamed) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
     policy.defaultMode = selector.getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed, selector.setPolicy(policy));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     // If there's a layer with Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless, another layer with
     // Seamlessness::OnlySeamless can't change the mode group.
@@ -1702,18 +1885,18 @@
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layers[1].focused = false;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultFocusedAndSeamed) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultFocusedAndSeamed) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
     policy.defaultMode = selector.getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed, selector.setPolicy(policy));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     // If there's a focused layer with Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless, another layer with
     // Seamlessness::Default can't change the mode group back to the group of the default
@@ -1735,18 +1918,18 @@
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultNotFocusedAndSeamed) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultNotFocusedAndSeamed) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId60);
 
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
     policy.defaultMode = selector.getCurrentPolicy().defaultMode;
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed, selector.setPolicy(policy));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     // Layer with Seamlessness::Default can change the mode group if there's an
     // unfocused layer with Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless. For example, this happens
@@ -1765,11 +1948,11 @@
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, nonSeamlessVotePrefersSeamlessSwitches) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, nonSeamlessVotePrefersSeamlessSwitches) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60, kModeId60);
 
     // Allow group switching.
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
@@ -1785,14 +1968,14 @@
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId120);
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, nonSeamlessExactAndSeamlessMultipleLayers) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_25_30_50_60, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, nonSeamlessExactAndSeamlessMultipleLayers) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_25_30_50_60, kModeId60);
 
     // Allow group switching.
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
@@ -1813,18 +1996,18 @@
                                              .weight = 1.f,
                                              .focused = true}};
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId50, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId50, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 
     auto& seamedLayer = layers[0];
     seamedLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     seamedLayer.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId30);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId30, 30_Hz);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId25, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId25, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, minLayersDontTrigerSeamedSwitch) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId90);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, minLayersDontTrigerSeamedSwitch) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90_G1, kModeId90);
 
     // Allow group switching.
     RefreshRateSelector::DisplayManagerPolicy policy;
@@ -1835,11 +2018,11 @@
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {
             {.name = "Min", .vote = LayerVoteType::Min, .weight = 1.f, .focused = true}};
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, primaryVsAppRequestPolicy) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, primaryVsAppRequestPolicy) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
@@ -1849,13 +2032,14 @@
         bool focused = true;
     };
 
-    // Returns the mode selected by getBestRefreshRate for a single layer with the given arguments.
+    // Returns the mode selected by getBestFrameRateMode for a single layer with the given
+    // arguments.
     const auto getFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, Fps fps,
                                   Args args = {}) -> DisplayModeId {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
         layers[0].focused = args.focused;
-        return selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = args.touch})->getId();
+        return selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = args.touch})->getId();
     };
 
     constexpr FpsRange k30_60 = {30_Hz, 60_Hz};
@@ -1864,7 +2048,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {k30_60, k30_60}, {k30_90, k30_90}}));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestRefreshRate()->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode()->getId());
     EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, 90_Hz));
     EXPECT_EQ(kModeId30, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, 90_Hz));
     EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, 90_Hz));
@@ -1897,22 +2081,23 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, idle) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, idle) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
 
-    const auto getIdleFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, bool touchActive) -> DisplayModeId {
+    const auto getIdleDisplayModeId = [&](LayerVoteType voteType,
+                                          bool touchActive) -> DisplayModeId {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
 
         const auto [ranking, signals] =
-                selector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = true});
+                selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = true});
 
         // Refresh rate will be chosen by either touch state or idle state.
         EXPECT_EQ(!touchActive, signals.idle);
-        return ranking.front().modePtr->getId();
+        return ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr->getId();
     };
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
@@ -1921,38 +2106,38 @@
     // Idle should be lower priority than touch boost.
     {
         constexpr bool kTouchActive = true;
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::NoVote, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Min, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Max, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, kTouchActive));
         EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90,
-                  getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, kTouchActive));
+                  getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, kTouchActive));
     }
 
     // With no layers, idle should still be lower priority than touch boost.
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true})->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true})->getId());
 
     // Idle should be higher precedence than other layer frame rate considerations.
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
 
     {
         constexpr bool kTouchActive = false;
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, kTouchActive));
-        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::NoVote, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Min, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Max, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, kTouchActive));
         EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60,
-                  getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, kTouchActive));
+                  getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, kTouchActive));
     }
 
     // Idle should be applied rather than the active mode when there are no layers.
-    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestRefreshRate({}, {.idle = true})->getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode({}, {.idle = true})->getId());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, findClosestKnownFrameRate) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, findClosestKnownFrameRate) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     for (float fps = 1.0f; fps <= 120.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
         const auto knownFrameRate = selector.findClosestKnownFrameRate(Fps::fromValue(fps));
@@ -1969,12 +2154,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_KnownFrameRate) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_KnownFrameRate) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId60);
 
     struct Expectation {
         Fps fps;
-        DisplayModePtr mode;
+        ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> mode;
     };
 
     const std::initializer_list<Expectation> knownFrameRatesExpectations = {
@@ -1997,101 +2182,86 @@
 
     for (const auto& [fps, mode] : knownFrameRatesExpectations) {
         layer.desiredRefreshRate = fps;
-        EXPECT_EQ(mode, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+        EXPECT_EQ(mode, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExact) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_ExplicitExact) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-
     explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
     explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode30, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
-
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 72_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-}
-
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExactEnableFrameRateOverride) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60,
-                                         {.enableFrameRateOverride =
-                                                  Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
-
-    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
-    auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
-    auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
-
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
-    explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
-    explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode30, 30_Hz,
+                               selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode30, 30_Hz,
+                               selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers, {.touch = true})
+                                       .frameRateMode);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz,
+                               selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz,
+                               selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers, {.touch = true})
+                                       .frameRateMode);
+    }
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
     explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz,
+                               selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz,
+                               selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
+    }
 
     explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 72_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode72, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode72, 72_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
 
     explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode90, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode90, 90_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
 
     explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_ReadsCache) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_ReadsCache) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
 
     using GlobalSignals = RefreshRateSelector::GlobalSignals;
     const auto args = std::make_pair(std::vector<LayerRequirement>{},
                                      GlobalSignals{.touch = true, .idle = true});
 
-    const RefreshRateSelector::RankedRefreshRates result = {{RefreshRateSelector::ScoredRefreshRate{
-                                                                    kMode90}},
-                                                            {.touch = true}};
+    const RefreshRateSelector::RankedFrameRates result = {{RefreshRateSelector::ScoredFrameRate{
+                                                                  {90_Hz, kMode90}}},
+                                                          GlobalSignals{.touch = true}};
 
     selector.mutableGetRankedRefreshRatesCache() = {args, result};
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(result, selector.getRankedRefreshRates(args.first, args.second));
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, selector.getRankedFrameRates(args.first, args.second));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_WritesCache) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_WritesCache) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId60);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(selector.mutableGetRankedRefreshRatesCache());
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     RefreshRateSelector::GlobalSignals globalSignals{.touch = true, .idle = true};
 
-    const auto result = selector.getRankedRefreshRates(layers, globalSignals);
+    const auto result = selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, globalSignals);
 
     const auto& cache = selector.mutableGetRankedRefreshRatesCache();
     ASSERT_TRUE(cache);
@@ -2100,10 +2270,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(cache->result, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExactTouchBoost) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_120, kModeId60,
-                                         {.enableFrameRateOverride =
-                                                  Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_ExplicitExactTouchBoost) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
@@ -2117,19 +2285,21 @@
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
     explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    }
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, {.touch = true}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_FractionalRefreshRates_ExactAndDefault) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_24_25_30_50_60_Frac, kModeId60,
-                                         {.enableFrameRateOverride =
-                                                  Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_FractionalRefreshRates_ExactAndDefault) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_24_25_30_50_60_Frac, kModeId60);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 0.5f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitDefaultLayer = layers[0];
@@ -2143,12 +2313,16 @@
     explicitDefaultLayer.name = "ExplicitDefault";
     explicitDefaultLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 59.94_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers));
 }
 
 // b/190578904
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_withCloseRefreshRates) {
-    constexpr int kMinRefreshRate = 10;
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_withCloseRefreshRates) {
+    if (g_noSlowTests) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    const int kMinRefreshRate = RefreshRateSelector::kMinSupportedFrameRate.getIntValue();
     constexpr int kMaxRefreshRate = 240;
 
     DisplayModes displayModes;
@@ -2159,14 +2333,13 @@
                                                    Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(fps))));
     }
 
-    const TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(std::move(displayModes),
-                                               DisplayModeId(kMinRefreshRate));
+    const auto selector = createSelector(std::move(displayModes), DisplayModeId(kMinRefreshRate));
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     const auto testRefreshRate = [&](Fps fps, LayerVoteType vote) {
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
         layers[0].vote = vote;
-        EXPECT_EQ(fps.getIntValue(), selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers)->getFps().getIntValue())
+        EXPECT_EQ(fps.getIntValue(), selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers)->getFps().getIntValue())
                 << "Failed for " << ftl::enum_string(vote);
     };
 
@@ -2180,7 +2353,7 @@
 }
 
 // b/190578904
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestRefreshRate_conflictingVotes) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getBestFrameRateMode_conflictingVotes) {
     constexpr DisplayModeId kActiveModeId{0};
     DisplayModes displayModes = makeModes(createDisplayMode(kActiveModeId, 43_Hz),
                                           createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(1), 53_Hz),
@@ -2188,7 +2361,7 @@
                                           createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(3), 60_Hz));
 
     const RefreshRateSelector::GlobalSignals globalSignals = {.touch = false, .idle = false};
-    const TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(std::move(displayModes), kActiveModeId);
+    const auto selector = createSelector(std::move(displayModes), kActiveModeId);
 
     const std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {
             {
@@ -2205,19 +2378,19 @@
             },
     };
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(53_Hz, selector.getBestRefreshRate(layers, globalSignals)->getFps());
+    EXPECT_EQ(53_Hz, selector.getBestFrameRateMode(layers, globalSignals)->getFps());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, modeComparison) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, modeComparison) {
     EXPECT_LT(kMode60->getFps(), kMode90->getFps());
     EXPECT_GE(kMode60->getFps(), kMode60->getFps());
     EXPECT_GE(kMode90->getFps(), kMode90->getFps());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, testKernelIdleTimerAction) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, testKernelIdleTimerAction) {
     using KernelIdleTimerAction = RefreshRateSelector::KernelIdleTimerAction;
 
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_90, kModeId90);
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_90, kModeId90);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, selector.getIdleTimerAction());
 
@@ -2234,10 +2407,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, selector.getIdleTimerAction());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, testKernelIdleTimerActionFor120Hz) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, testKernelIdleTimerActionFor120Hz) {
     using KernelIdleTimerAction = RefreshRateSelector::KernelIdleTimerAction;
 
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120);
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
               selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {0_Hz, 60_Hz}}));
@@ -2256,30 +2429,30 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, selector.getIdleTimerAction());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateDivisor) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId30);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateDivisor) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId30);
 
     const auto frameRate = 30_Hz;
     Fps displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(1, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId60);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId60, 60_Hz);
     displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(2, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId72);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId72, 72_Hz);
     displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
     displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(3, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId120);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId120, 120_Hz);
     displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
-    selector.setActiveModeId(kModeId90);
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
     displayRefreshRate = selector.getActiveMode().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(displayRefreshRate, 22.5_Hz));
 
@@ -2289,7 +2462,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, isFractionalPairOrMultiple) {
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, isFractionalPairOrMultiple) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateSelector::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(23.976_Hz, 24_Hz));
     EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateSelector::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(24_Hz, 23.976_Hz));
 
@@ -2315,22 +2488,72 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateSelector::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(29.97_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_noLayers) {
-    RefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_noLayers) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides({}, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_60on120) {
-    RefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120,
-                                 {.enableFrameRateOverride = Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_NonExplicit) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
     layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
     layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
 
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
+
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
+
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
+
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_Disabled) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    layers[0].name = "Test layer";
+    layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
+
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
+
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_60on120) {
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled);
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    layers[0].name = "Test layer";
+    layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     auto frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
@@ -2342,26 +2565,23 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
     EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_twoUids) {
-    RefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120,
-                                 {.enableFrameRateOverride = Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_twoUids) {
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled);
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f},
                                             {.ownerUid = 5678, .weight = 1.f}};
@@ -2392,9 +2612,16 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_touch) {
-    RefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120,
-                                 {.enableFrameRateOverride = Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_touch) {
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled);
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
@@ -2432,88 +2659,87 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_DivisorIsNotDisplayRefreshRate_Enabled) {
-    RefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120,
-                                 {.enableFrameRateOverride = Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_DivisorIsNotDisplayRefreshRate) {
+    if (GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride ||
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled);
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
     layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
     layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
 
+    const auto expetedFps =
+            GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates ? 60_Hz : 30_Hz;
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     auto frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    EXPECT_EQ(30_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expetedFps, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    EXPECT_EQ(30_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expetedFps, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-}
-
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest,
-       getFrameRateOverrides_DivisorIsNotDisplayRefreshRate_EnabledForNativeRefreshRates) {
-    RefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120,
-                                 {.enableFrameRateOverride =
-                                          Config::FrameRateOverride::EnabledForNativeRefreshRates});
-
-    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
-    layers[0].name = "Test layer";
-    layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-
-    auto frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
+    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     EXPECT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
-
-    layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    frameRateOverrides = selector.getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(expetedFps, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_InPolicy) {
-    TestableRefreshRateSelector selector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120,
-                                         {.enableFrameRateOverride =
-                                                  Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled});
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, renderFrameRateInvalidPolicy) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120);
+
+    // The render frame rate cannot be greater than the physical refresh rate
+    {
+        const FpsRange physical = {60_Hz, 60_Hz};
+        const FpsRange render = {60_Hz, 120_Hz};
+        EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Invalid,
+                  selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                          {kModeId60, {physical, render}, {physical, render}}));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, renderFrameRateRestrictsPhysicalRefreshRate) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120);
+
+    {
+        const FpsRange physical = {0_Hz, 120_Hz};
+        const FpsRange render = {0_Hz, 60_Hz};
+        EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+                  selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                          {kModeId60, {physical, render}, {physical, render}}));
+        const auto expectedMaxMode =
+                GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled ? kMode120 : kMode60;
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedMaxMode, selector.getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode60, selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy());
+    }
+
+    {
+        const FpsRange physical = {0_Hz, 120_Hz};
+        const FpsRange render = {120_Hz, 120_Hz};
+        EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+                  selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                          {kModeId60, {physical, render}, {physical, render}}));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy());
+        EXPECT_EQ(kMode120, selector.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, getFrameRateOverrides_InPolicy) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
 
     std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     {
@@ -2566,5 +2792,156 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(30_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 }
 
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, renderFrameRates) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_30_60_72_90_120, kModeId120);
+
+    // [renderRate, refreshRate]
+    const auto expected = []() -> std::vector<std::pair<Fps, Fps>> {
+        switch (GetParam()) {
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates:
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride:
+                return {{30_Hz, 30_Hz},
+                        {60_Hz, 60_Hz},
+                        {72_Hz, 72_Hz},
+                        {90_Hz, 90_Hz},
+                        {120_Hz, 120_Hz}};
+            case Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled:
+                return {{30_Hz, 30_Hz}, {36_Hz, 72_Hz}, {40_Hz, 120_Hz}, {45_Hz, 90_Hz},
+                        {60_Hz, 60_Hz}, {72_Hz, 72_Hz}, {90_Hz, 90_Hz},  {120_Hz, 120_Hz}};
+        }
+    }();
+
+    const auto& primaryRefreshRates = selector.getPrimaryFrameRates();
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected.size(), primaryRefreshRates.size());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
+        const auto [expectedRenderRate, expectedRefreshRate] = expected[i];
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRenderRate, primaryRefreshRates[i].fps);
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRefreshRate, primaryRefreshRates[i].modePtr->getFps());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, refreshRateIsCappedWithRenderFrameRate) {
+    if (GetParam() != Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId60);
+
+    constexpr FpsRange k0_120Hz = {0_Hz, 120_Hz};
+    constexpr FpsRange k0_60Hz = {0_Hz, 60_Hz};
+
+    constexpr FpsRanges kAppRequest = {/*physical*/ k0_120Hz,
+                                       /*render*/ k0_120Hz};
+
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate().frameRateMode);
+    {
+        constexpr FpsRanges kPrimary = {/*physical*/ k0_120Hz,
+                                        /*render*/ k0_120Hz};
+        EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+                  selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({/*defaultMode*/ kModeId60,
+                                                    /*primaryRanges*/
+                                                    kPrimary,
+                                                    /*appRequestRanges*/
+                                                    kAppRequest}));
+    }
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode120, 120_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate().frameRateMode);
+
+    {
+        constexpr FpsRanges kPrimary = {/*physical*/ k0_60Hz,
+                                        /*render*/ k0_60Hz};
+        EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+                  selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({/*defaultMode*/ kModeId60,
+                                                    /*primaryRanges*/
+                                                    kPrimary,
+                                                    /*appRequestRanges*/
+                                                    kAppRequest}));
+    }
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate().frameRateMode);
+
+    {
+        constexpr FpsRanges kPrimary = {/*physical*/ k0_120Hz,
+                                        /*render*/ k0_60Hz};
+        EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+                  selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({/*defaultMode*/ kModeId60,
+                                                    /*primaryRanges*/
+                                                    kPrimary,
+                                                    /*appRequestRanges*/
+                                                    kAppRequest}));
+    }
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, 60_Hz, selector.getBestScoredFrameRate().frameRateMode);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, renderFrameRates_60_120) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_60_120, kModeId120);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    auto& layer = layers[0];
+
+    const auto expectedRenderRate =
+            GetParam() == Config::FrameRateOverride::Enabled ? 30_Hz : 60_Hz;
+
+    layer.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, expectedRenderRate,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
+
+    layer.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    layer.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, expectedRenderRate,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
+
+    layer.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
+    EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(kMode60, expectedRenderRate,
+                           selector.getBestScoredFrameRate(layers).frameRateMode);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RefreshRateSelectorTest, idleWhenLowestRefreshRateIsNotDivisor) {
+    auto selector = createSelector(kModes_35_60_90, kModeId60);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    layers[0].name = "Test layer";
+
+    const auto getIdleDisplayModeId = [&](LayerVoteType voteType,
+                                          bool touchActive) -> DisplayModeId {
+        layers[0].vote = voteType;
+        layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
+
+        const auto [ranking, signals] =
+                selector.getRankedFrameRates(layers, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = true});
+
+        // Refresh rate will be chosen by either touch state or idle state.
+        EXPECT_EQ(!touchActive, signals.idle);
+        return ranking.front().frameRateMode.modePtr->getId();
+    };
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(SetPolicyResult::Changed,
+              selector.setDisplayManagerPolicy({kModeId60, {0_Hz, 90_Hz}}));
+
+    // With no layers, idle should still be lower priority than touch boost.
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId90, selector.getBestFrameRateMode({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true})->getId());
+
+    // Idle should be higher precedence than other layer frame rate considerations.
+    selector.setActiveMode(kModeId90, 90_Hz);
+    {
+        constexpr bool kTouchActive = false;
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId35, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::NoVote, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId35, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Min, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId35, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Max, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId35, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId35, getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, kTouchActive));
+        EXPECT_EQ(kModeId35,
+                  getIdleDisplayModeId(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, kTouchActive));
+    }
+
+    // Idle should be applied rather than the active mode when there are no layers.
+    EXPECT_EQ(kModeId35, selector.getBestFrameRateMode({}, {.idle = true})->getId());
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index ea4666e..3ee53c9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -58,22 +58,22 @@
     SchedulerTest();
 
     static constexpr PhysicalDisplayId kDisplayId1 = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(255u);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kDisplay1Mode60 =
-            createDisplayMode(kDisplayId1, DisplayModeId(0), 60_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kDisplay1Mode120 =
-            createDisplayMode(kDisplayId1, DisplayModeId(1), 120_Hz);
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kDisplay1Mode60 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kDisplayId1, DisplayModeId(0), 60_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kDisplay1Mode120 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kDisplayId1, DisplayModeId(1), 120_Hz));
     static inline const DisplayModes kDisplay1Modes = makeModes(kDisplay1Mode60, kDisplay1Mode120);
 
     static constexpr PhysicalDisplayId kDisplayId2 = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(254u);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kDisplay2Mode60 =
-            createDisplayMode(kDisplayId2, DisplayModeId(0), 60_Hz);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kDisplay2Mode120 =
-            createDisplayMode(kDisplayId2, DisplayModeId(1), 120_Hz);
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kDisplay2Mode60 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kDisplayId2, DisplayModeId(0), 60_Hz));
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kDisplay2Mode120 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kDisplayId2, DisplayModeId(1), 120_Hz));
     static inline const DisplayModes kDisplay2Modes = makeModes(kDisplay2Mode60, kDisplay2Mode120);
 
     static constexpr PhysicalDisplayId kDisplayId3 = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(253u);
-    static inline const DisplayModePtr kDisplay3Mode60 =
-            createDisplayMode(kDisplayId3, DisplayModeId(0), 60_Hz);
+    static inline const ftl::NonNull<DisplayModePtr> kDisplay3Mode60 =
+            ftl::as_non_null(createDisplayMode(kDisplayId3, DisplayModeId(0), 60_Hz));
     static inline const DisplayModes kDisplay3Modes = makeModes(kDisplay3Mode60);
 
     std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector> mSelector =
@@ -190,8 +190,10 @@
     sp<MockLayer> layer = sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, mScheduler->layerHistorySize());
 
-    mScheduler->setRefreshRateSelector(
-            std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(kDisplay1Modes, kDisplay1Mode60->getId()));
+    // Replace `mSelector` with a new `RefreshRateSelector` that has different display modes.
+    mScheduler->registerDisplay(kDisplayId1,
+                                std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(kDisplay1Modes,
+                                                                      kDisplay1Mode60->getId()));
 
     ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
     mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
@@ -215,7 +217,9 @@
     // If the handle is incorrect, the function should return before
     // onModeChange is called.
     ConnectionHandle invalidHandle = {.id = 123};
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(invalidHandle, mode));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(invalidHandle,
+                                                       {90_Hz, ftl::as_non_null(mode)}));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onModeChanged(_)).Times(0);
 }
 
@@ -230,15 +234,13 @@
 }
 
 MATCHER(Is120Hz, "") {
-    return isApproxEqual(arg.front().modePtr->getFps(), 120_Hz);
+    return isApproxEqual(arg.front().mode.fps, 120_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, chooseRefreshRateForContentSelectsMaxRefreshRate) {
-    const auto selectorPtr =
-            std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(kDisplay1Modes, kDisplay1Mode60->getId());
-
-    mScheduler->registerDisplay(kDisplayId1, selectorPtr);
-    mScheduler->setRefreshRateSelector(selectorPtr);
+    mScheduler->registerDisplay(kDisplayId1,
+                                std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(kDisplay1Modes,
+                                                                      kDisplay1Mode60->getId()));
 
     const sp<MockLayer> layer = sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillOnce(Return(true));
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@
 
     auto choice = modeChoices.get(kDisplayId1);
     ASSERT_TRUE(choice);
-    EXPECT_EQ(choice->get(), DisplayModeChoice(kDisplay1Mode60, globalSignals));
+    EXPECT_EQ(choice->get(), DisplayModeChoice({60_Hz, kDisplay1Mode60}, globalSignals));
 
     globalSignals = {.idle = false};
     mScheduler->setTouchStateAndIdleTimerPolicy(globalSignals);
@@ -287,7 +289,7 @@
 
     choice = modeChoices.get(kDisplayId1);
     ASSERT_TRUE(choice);
-    EXPECT_EQ(choice->get(), DisplayModeChoice(kDisplay1Mode120, globalSignals));
+    EXPECT_EQ(choice->get(), DisplayModeChoice({120_Hz, kDisplay1Mode120}, globalSignals));
 
     globalSignals = {.touch = true};
     mScheduler->replaceTouchTimer(10);
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@
 
     choice = modeChoices.get(kDisplayId1);
     ASSERT_TRUE(choice);
-    EXPECT_EQ(choice->get(), DisplayModeChoice(kDisplay1Mode120, globalSignals));
+    EXPECT_EQ(choice->get(), DisplayModeChoice({120_Hz, kDisplay1Mode120}, globalSignals));
 
     mScheduler->unregisterDisplay(kDisplayId1);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mScheduler->hasRefreshRateSelectors());
@@ -319,8 +321,11 @@
         const GlobalSignals globalSignals = {.idle = true};
         expectedChoices =
                 ftl::init::map<const PhysicalDisplayId&,
-                               DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, kDisplay1Mode60,
-                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId2, kDisplay2Mode60,
+                               DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1,
+                                                  FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kDisplay1Mode60},
+                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
+                                                                 FrameRateMode{60_Hz,
+                                                                               kDisplay2Mode60},
                                                                  globalSignals);
 
         std::vector<RefreshRateSelector::LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f},
@@ -335,8 +340,11 @@
         const GlobalSignals globalSignals = {.idle = false};
         expectedChoices =
                 ftl::init::map<const PhysicalDisplayId&,
-                               DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, kDisplay1Mode120,
-                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId2, kDisplay2Mode120,
+                               DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1,
+                                                  FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kDisplay1Mode120},
+                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
+                                                                 FrameRateMode{120_Hz,
+                                                                               kDisplay2Mode120},
                                                                  globalSignals);
 
         mScheduler->setTouchStateAndIdleTimerPolicy(globalSignals);
@@ -351,8 +359,11 @@
 
         expectedChoices =
                 ftl::init::map<const PhysicalDisplayId&,
-                               DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, kDisplay1Mode120,
-                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId2, kDisplay2Mode120,
+                               DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1,
+                                                  FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kDisplay1Mode120},
+                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
+                                                                 FrameRateMode{120_Hz,
+                                                                               kDisplay2Mode120},
                                                                  globalSignals);
 
         const auto actualChoices = mScheduler->chooseDisplayModes();
@@ -369,13 +380,15 @@
         mScheduler->replaceTouchTimer(10);
         mScheduler->setTouchStateAndIdleTimerPolicy(globalSignals);
 
-        expectedChoices =
-                ftl::init::map<const PhysicalDisplayId&,
-                               DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, kDisplay1Mode60,
-                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId2, kDisplay2Mode60,
-                                                                 globalSignals)(kDisplayId3,
-                                                                                kDisplay3Mode60,
-                                                                                globalSignals);
+        expectedChoices = ftl::init::map<
+                const PhysicalDisplayId&,
+                DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kDisplay1Mode60},
+                                   globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
+                                                  FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kDisplay2Mode60},
+                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId3,
+                                                                 FrameRateMode{60_Hz,
+                                                                               kDisplay3Mode60},
+                                                                 globalSignals);
 
         const auto actualChoices = mScheduler->chooseDisplayModes();
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedChoices, actualChoices);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
index 05d0ebf..b81693a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
     mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(mDisplay);
 
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@
                                                                      120));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kModeId90);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
     // Verify that next commit will call setActiveConfigWithConstraints in HWC
     const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = true};
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 
     Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(mComposer);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
     // Verify that the next commit will complete the mode change and send
     // a onModeChanged event to the framework.
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
     Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(mAppEventThread);
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId90);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, changeRefreshRate_OnActiveDisplay_WithoutRefreshRequired) {
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@
                                                                      120));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kModeId90);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
     // Verify that next commit will call setActiveConfigWithConstraints in HWC
     // and complete the mode change.
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
     mFlinger.commit();
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId90);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId90);
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, twoConsecutiveSetDesiredDisplayModeSpecs) {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
     // is still being processed the later call will be respected.
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
     mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(mDisplay);
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
                                                                      180));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kModeId120);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId120);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
                 setActiveConfigWithConstraints(PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
@@ -221,19 +221,19 @@
     mFlinger.commit();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kModeId120);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId120);
 
     mFlinger.commit();
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId120);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId120);
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, changeResolution_OnActiveDisplay_WithoutRefreshRequired) {
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
     mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(mDisplay);
 
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@
                                                                      120));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kModeId90_4K);
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->modeOpt->modePtr->getId(), kModeId90_4K);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId60);
 
     // Verify that next commit will call setActiveConfigWithConstraints in HWC
     // and complete the mode change.
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
     mDisplay = mFlinger.getDisplay(displayToken);
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().getId(), kModeId90_4K);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode().modePtr->getId(), kModeId90_4K);
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp
index 0384568..c0796df 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
 
     if constexpr (Case::Display::CONNECTION_TYPE::value) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID, device->getActiveMode().getHwcId());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::HWC_ACTIVE_CONFIG_ID, device->getActiveMode().modePtr->getHwcId());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index ba214d5..54c10c5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@
                       ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection) {
         mVsyncSchedule.emplace(VsyncSchedule(std::move(tracker), nullptr, std::move(controller)));
-        setRefreshRateSelector(std::move(selectorPtr));
+
+        const auto displayId = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
+        registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
 
         ON_CALL(*this, postMessage).WillByDefault([](sp<MessageHandler>&& handler) {
             // Execute task to prevent broken promise exception on destruction.
@@ -67,12 +69,27 @@
     auto& mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled() { return mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled; }
     auto& mutableHWVsyncAvailable() { return mHWVsyncAvailable; }
 
-    auto refreshRateSelector() { return holdRefreshRateSelector(); }
-    bool hasRefreshRateSelectors() const { return !mRefreshRateSelectors.empty(); }
+    auto refreshRateSelector() { return leaderSelectorPtr(); }
 
-    void setRefreshRateSelector(RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr) {
+    const auto& refreshRateSelectors() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+        return mRefreshRateSelectors;
+    }
+
+    bool hasRefreshRateSelectors() const { return !refreshRateSelectors().empty(); }
+
+    void registerDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr) {
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-        return Scheduler::setRefreshRateSelector(std::move(selectorPtr));
+        Scheduler::registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
+    }
+
+    void unregisterDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+        Scheduler::unregisterDisplay(displayId);
+    }
+
+    void setLeaderDisplay(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
+        ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+        Scheduler::setLeaderDisplay(displayId);
     }
 
     auto& mutableLayerHistory() { return mLayerHistory; }
@@ -115,14 +132,13 @@
     using Scheduler::DisplayModeChoice;
     using Scheduler::DisplayModeChoiceMap;
 
-    DisplayModeChoiceMap chooseDisplayModes() {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
+    DisplayModeChoiceMap chooseDisplayModes() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
         return Scheduler::chooseDisplayModes();
     }
 
     void dispatchCachedReportedMode() {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
-        return Scheduler::dispatchCachedReportedMode();
+        Scheduler::dispatchCachedReportedMode();
     }
 
     void clearCachedReportedMode() {
@@ -130,8 +146,8 @@
         mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams.reset();
     }
 
-    void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, DisplayModePtr mode) {
-        return Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(handle, mode);
+    void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, const FrameRateMode& mode) {
+        Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(handle, mode);
     }
 
 private:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index df53f15..e29dd67 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
             selectorPtr = std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateSelector>(modes, kModeId60);
         }
 
-        const auto fps = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, selectorPtr->getActiveMode().getFps());
+        const auto fps = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps;
         mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration = mFactory.createVsyncConfiguration(fps);
         mFlinger->mVsyncModulator = sp<scheduler::VsyncModulator>::make(
                 mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
@@ -429,18 +429,24 @@
         return mFlinger->mTransactionHandler.mPendingTransactionCount.load();
     }
 
-    auto setTransactionState(
-            const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
-            const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
-            const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-            bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-            std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks, uint64_t transactionId) {
+    auto setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+                             Vector<ComposerState>& states, const Vector<DisplayState>& displays,
+                             uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
+                             const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
+                             int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                             const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
+                             std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
+                             uint64_t transactionId) {
         return mFlinger->setTransactionState(frameTimelineInfo, states, displays, flags, applyToken,
                                              inputWindowCommands, desiredPresentTime,
                                              isAutoTimestamp, uncacheBuffer, hasListenerCallbacks,
                                              listenerCallbacks, transactionId);
     }
 
+    auto setTransactionStateInternal(TransactionState& transaction) {
+        return mFlinger->mTransactionHandler.queueTransaction(std::move(transaction));
+    }
+
     auto flushTransactionQueues() {
         return FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, mFlinger->flushTransactionQueues(kVsyncId));
     }
@@ -837,34 +843,38 @@
 
             sp<DisplayDevice> display = sp<DisplayDevice>::make(mCreationArgs);
             mFlinger.mutableDisplays().emplace_or_replace(mDisplayToken, display);
-            if (mFlinger.scheduler()) {
-                mFlinger.scheduler()->registerDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(),
-                                                      display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
-            }
 
             DisplayDeviceState state;
             state.isSecure = mCreationArgs.isSecure;
 
             if (mConnectionType) {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
-                const auto physicalId = PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(*displayId);
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!physicalId);
+                const auto physicalIdOpt = PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(*displayId);
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!physicalIdOpt);
+                const auto physicalId = *physicalIdOpt;
+
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mHwcDisplayId);
 
                 const auto activeMode = modes.get(activeModeId);
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!activeMode);
+                const auto fps = activeMode->get()->getFps();
 
-                state.physical = {.id = *physicalId,
+                state.physical = {.id = physicalId,
                                   .hwcDisplayId = *mHwcDisplayId,
                                   .activeMode = activeMode->get()};
 
-                const auto it = mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplays()
-                                        .emplace_or_replace(*physicalId, mDisplayToken, *physicalId,
-                                                            *mConnectionType, std::move(modes),
-                                                            ui::ColorModes(), std::nullopt)
-                                        .first;
+                mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplays().emplace_or_replace(physicalId, mDisplayToken,
+                                                                      physicalId, *mConnectionType,
+                                                                      std::move(modes),
+                                                                      ui::ColorModes(),
+                                                                      std::nullopt);
 
-                display->setActiveMode(activeModeId, it->second.snapshot());
+                if (mFlinger.scheduler()) {
+                    mFlinger.scheduler()->registerDisplay(physicalId,
+                                                          display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
+                }
+
+                display->setActiveMode(activeModeId, fps, fps);
             }
 
             mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.add(mDisplayToken, state);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
index 6ffc039..1dd4f25 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
@@ -1320,6 +1320,7 @@
     insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 3, 3000000, {}, GameMode::Performance);
     insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 4, 4000000, {}, GameMode::Battery);
     insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 5, 4000000, {}, GameMode::Battery);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 6, 5000000, {}, GameMode::Custom);
 
     std::string pulledData;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mTimeStats->onPullAtom(10063 /*SURFACEFLINGER_STATS_LAYER_INFO*/, &pulledData));
@@ -1327,9 +1328,9 @@
     SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfoWrapper atomList;
     ASSERT_TRUE(atomList.ParseFromString(pulledData));
     // The first time record is never uploaded to stats.
-    ASSERT_EQ(atomList.atom_size(), 3);
+    ASSERT_EQ(atomList.atom_size(), 4);
     // Layers are ordered based on the hash in LayerStatsKey. For this test, the order happens to
-    // be: 0 - Battery 1 - Performance 2 - Standard
+    // be: 0 - Battery 1 - Custom 2 - Performance 3 - Standard
     const SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo& atom0 = atomList.atom(0);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(atom0.layer_name(), genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0));
@@ -1364,7 +1365,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(atom1.uid(), UID_0);
     EXPECT_EQ(atom1.display_refresh_rate_bucket(), REFRESH_RATE_BUCKET_0);
     EXPECT_EQ(atom1.render_rate_bucket(), RENDER_RATE_BUCKET_0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(atom1.game_mode(), SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_PERFORMANCE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom1.game_mode(), SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_CUSTOM);
 
     const SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo& atom2 = atomList.atom(2);
 
@@ -1377,12 +1378,30 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(atom2.latch_to_present(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({2}, {1})));
     EXPECT_THAT(atom2.desired_to_present(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({1}, {1})));
     EXPECT_THAT(atom2.post_to_acquire(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({1}, {1})));
-    EXPECT_EQ(atom2.late_acquire_frames(), LATE_ACQUIRE_FRAMES);
-    EXPECT_EQ(atom2.bad_desired_present_frames(), BAD_DESIRED_PRESENT_FRAMES);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom2.late_acquire_frames(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom2.bad_desired_present_frames(), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(atom2.uid(), UID_0);
     EXPECT_EQ(atom2.display_refresh_rate_bucket(), REFRESH_RATE_BUCKET_0);
     EXPECT_EQ(atom2.render_rate_bucket(), RENDER_RATE_BUCKET_0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(atom2.game_mode(), SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_STANDARD);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom2.game_mode(), SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_PERFORMANCE);
+
+    const SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo& atom3 = atomList.atom(3);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.layer_name(), genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.total_frames(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.dropped_frames(), 0);
+    EXPECT_THAT(atom3.present_to_present(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({1}, {1})));
+    EXPECT_THAT(atom3.post_to_present(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({4}, {1})));
+    EXPECT_THAT(atom3.acquire_to_present(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({3}, {1})));
+    EXPECT_THAT(atom3.latch_to_present(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({2}, {1})));
+    EXPECT_THAT(atom3.desired_to_present(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({1}, {1})));
+    EXPECT_THAT(atom3.post_to_acquire(), HistogramEq(buildExpectedHistogram({1}, {1})));
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.late_acquire_frames(), LATE_ACQUIRE_FRAMES);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.bad_desired_present_frames(), BAD_DESIRED_PRESENT_FRAMES);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.uid(), UID_0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.display_refresh_rate_bucket(), REFRESH_RATE_BUCKET_0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.render_rate_bucket(), RENDER_RATE_BUCKET_0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(atom3.game_mode(), SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_STANDARD);
 }
 
 TEST_F(TimeStatsTest, layerStatsCallback_pullsMultipleLayers) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index 9888f00..d84698f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
+#include "TransactionState.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
 #include "mock/MockVsyncController.h"
 
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@
 using testing::Return;
 
 using FakeHwcDisplayInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeHwcDisplayInjector;
+using frontend::TransactionHandler;
+
 constexpr nsecs_t TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT = s2ns(5);
 class TransactionApplicationTest : public testing::Test {
 public:
@@ -359,13 +362,23 @@
         EXPECT_TRUE(mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().isEmpty());
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
 
-        for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
-            mFlinger.setTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
-                                         transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
-                                         transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
-                                         transaction.desiredPresentTime,
-                                         transaction.isAutoTimestamp, transaction.uncacheBuffer,
-                                         mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, transaction.id);
+        for (auto transaction : transactions) {
+            std::vector<ResolvedComposerState> resolvedStates;
+            resolvedStates.reserve(transaction.states.size());
+            for (auto& state : transaction.states) {
+                resolvedStates.emplace_back(std::move(state));
+            }
+
+            TransactionState transactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, resolvedStates,
+                                              transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
+                                              transaction.applyToken,
+                                              transaction.inputWindowCommands,
+                                              transaction.desiredPresentTime,
+                                              transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                              transaction.uncacheBuffer, systemTime(), 0,
+                                              mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, getpid(),
+                                              static_cast<int>(getuid()), transaction.id);
+            mFlinger.setTransactionStateInternal(transactionState);
         }
         mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
         EXPECT_TRUE(mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().isEmpty());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
index 1173d1c..09d002f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
                                                          HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
                                                          0ULL /*usage*/);
         layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, postTime, /*desiredPresentTime*/ 30, false,
-                         dequeueTime, FrameTimelineInfo{});
+                         dequeueTime, FrameTimelineInfo{}, 0);
 
         commitTransaction(layer.get());
         nsecs_t latchTime = 25;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp
index 14e1aac..b6427c0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@
     size_t layerCount = 2;
     t1.states.reserve(layerCount);
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layerCount; i++) {
-        ComposerState s;
+        ResolvedComposerState s;
         if (i == 1) {
             layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
                     sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), layerHandle, 42,
                                              "#42");
         }
         s.state = layer;
-        t1.states.add(s);
+        t1.states.emplace_back(s);
     }
 
     size_t displayCount = 2;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
index ae03db4..7dfbcc0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo;
         ftInfo.vsyncId = 1;
         ftInfo.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         acquireFence->signalForTest(12);
 
         commitTransaction(layer.get());
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo;
         ftInfo.vsyncId = 1;
         ftInfo.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture1, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture1, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto droppedSurfaceFrame = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
                                                          2ULL /* bufferId */,
                                                          HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
                                                          0ULL /*usage*/);
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture2, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture2, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         nsecs_t end = systemTime();
         acquireFence2->signalForTest(12);
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
                                                          1ULL /* bufferId */,
                                                          HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
                                                          0ULL /*usage*/);
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         acquireFence->signalForTest(12);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo;
         ftInfo.vsyncId = 1;
         ftInfo.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo3;
         ftInfo3.vsyncId = 3;
         ftInfo3.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo3);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo3, 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(2u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto bufferSurfaceFrameTX = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo;
         ftInfo.vsyncId = 1;
         ftInfo.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture1, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture1, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto droppedSurfaceFrame = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
                                                          1ULL /* bufferId */,
                                                          HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
                                                          0ULL /*usage*/);
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture2, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture2, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         acquireFence2->signalForTest(12);
 
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo;
         ftInfo.vsyncId = 1;
         ftInfo.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture1, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture1, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto droppedSurfaceFrame1 = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfoInv;
         ftInfoInv.vsyncId = FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID;
         ftInfoInv.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture2, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfoInv);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture2, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfoInv, 0);
         auto dropEndTime1 = systemTime();
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@
         FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo2;
         ftInfo2.vsyncId = 2;
         ftInfo2.inputEventId = 0;
-        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture3, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo2);
+        layer->setBuffer(externalTexture3, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo2, 0);
         auto dropEndTime2 = systemTime();
         acquireFence3->signalForTest(12);
 
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
             FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo;
             ftInfo.vsyncId = 1;
             ftInfo.inputEventId = 0;
-            layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo);
+            layer->setBuffer(externalTexture, bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt, ftInfo, 0);
             FrameTimelineInfo ftInfo2;
             ftInfo2.vsyncId = 2;
             ftInfo2.inputEventId = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
index 2dbcfbd..482c3a8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
@@ -112,16 +112,16 @@
         {
             TransactionState transaction;
             transaction.id = 50;
-            ComposerState layerState;
+            ResolvedComposerState layerState;
             layerState.state.surface = fakeLayerHandle;
             layerState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
             layerState.state.z = 42;
-            transaction.states.add(layerState);
-            ComposerState childState;
+            transaction.states.emplace_back(layerState);
+            ResolvedComposerState childState;
             childState.state.surface = fakeChildLayerHandle;
             childState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
             childState.state.z = 43;
-            transaction.states.add(childState);
+            transaction.states.emplace_back(childState);
             mTracing.addQueuedTransaction(transaction);
 
             std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
@@ -138,12 +138,12 @@
         {
             TransactionState transaction;
             transaction.id = 51;
-            ComposerState layerState;
+            ResolvedComposerState layerState;
             layerState.state.surface = fakeLayerHandle;
             layerState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged | layer_state_t::ePositionChanged;
             layerState.state.z = 41;
             layerState.state.x = 22;
-            transaction.states.add(layerState);
+            transaction.states.emplace_back(layerState);
             mTracing.addQueuedTransaction(transaction);
 
             std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
@@ -247,16 +247,16 @@
         {
             TransactionState transaction;
             transaction.id = 50;
-            ComposerState layerState;
+            ResolvedComposerState layerState;
             layerState.state.surface = fakeLayerHandle;
             layerState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
             layerState.state.z = 42;
-            transaction.states.add(layerState);
-            ComposerState mirrorState;
+            transaction.states.emplace_back(layerState);
+            ResolvedComposerState mirrorState;
             mirrorState.state.surface = fakeMirrorLayerHandle;
             mirrorState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
             mirrorState.state.z = 43;
-            transaction.states.add(mirrorState);
+            transaction.states.emplace_back(mirrorState);
             mTracing.addQueuedTransaction(transaction);
 
             std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
index 2da266b..47c2dee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
     void resetModel() final {}
     bool needsMoreSamples() const final { return false; }
     bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t, Fps) const final { return false; }
+    void setDivisor(unsigned) final {}
     void dump(std::string&) const final {}
 
 private:
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@
     void resetModel() final {}
     bool needsMoreSamples() const final { return false; }
     bool isVSyncInPhase(nsecs_t, Fps) const final { return false; }
+    void setDivisor(unsigned) final {}
     void dump(std::string&) const final {}
 
 private:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
index f660753..2b86e94 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD0(resetModel, void());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(needsMoreSamples, bool());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(isVSyncInPhase, bool(nsecs_t, Fps));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setDivisor, (unsigned), (override));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
 
     nsecs_t nextVSyncTime(nsecs_t timePoint) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
index 74d2b7d..3095e8a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
@@ -532,6 +532,26 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(intercept, IsCloseTo(expectedIntercept, mMaxRoundingError));
 }
 
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, setDivisorIsRespected) {
+    auto last = mNow;
+    for (auto i = 0u; i < kMinimumSamplesForPrediction; i++) {
+        EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(last + mPeriod));
+        mNow += mPeriod;
+        last = mNow;
+        tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow);
+    }
+
+    tracker.setDivisor(3);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow), Eq(mNow + mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 100), Eq(mNow + mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 1100), Eq(mNow + 4 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 2100), Eq(mNow + 4 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 3100), Eq(mNow + 4 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 4100), Eq(mNow + 7 * mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(tracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(mNow + 5100), Eq(mNow + 7 * mPeriod));
+}
+
 } // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
index a35ff96..8bd689a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD0(resetModel, void());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(needsMoreSamples, bool());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(isVSyncInPhase, bool(nsecs_t, Fps));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setDivisor, (unsigned), (override));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockAidlPowerHalWrapper.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockAidlPowerHalWrapper.h
index c2c3d77..5654691 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockAidlPowerHalWrapper.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockAidlPowerHalWrapper.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     MockAidlPowerHalWrapper();
     ~MockAidlPowerHalWrapper() override;
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, setExpensiveRendering, (bool enabled), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(bool, notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, supportsPowerHintSession, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPowerHintSessionRunning, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, restartPowerHintSession, (), (override));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
index fb1b394..7fc625c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(void, setExpensiveRenderingExpected, (DisplayId displayId, bool expected),
                 (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isUsingExpensiveRendering, (), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminentAndCpuReset, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, usePowerHintSession, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, supportsPowerHintSession, (), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPowerHintSessionRunning, (), (override));
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/SupportedBufferCombinations.aidl b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockFrameRateMode.h
similarity index 71%
rename from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/SupportedBufferCombinations.aidl
rename to services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockFrameRateMode.h
index a8bc994..ef9cd9b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/SupportedBufferCombinations.aidl
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockFrameRateMode.h
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.gui;
+#pragma once
 
-/** @hide */
-parcelable SupportedBufferCombinations {
-    int[] pixelFormats;
-    int[] dataspaces;
-}
+#include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
+
+// Use a C style macro to keep the line numbers printed in gtest
+#define EXPECT_FRAME_RATE_MODE(modePtr, fps, mode) \
+    EXPECT_EQ((scheduler::FrameRateMode{(fps), (modePtr)}), (mode))
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h
index 5b0c1f3..6893154 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncTracker.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD0(resetModel, void());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(needsMoreSamples, bool());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(isVSyncInPhase, bool(nsecs_t, Fps));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setDivisor, (unsigned), (override));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
 };
 
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/Android.bp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 80e9a3c..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libvr_hwc-hal",
-
-    system_ext_specific: true,
-
-    srcs: [
-        "impl/vr_hwc.cpp",
-        "impl/vr_composer_client.cpp",
-    ],
-
-    static_libs: [
-        "libbroadcastring",
-        "libdisplay",
-    ],
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "android.frameworks.vr.composer@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-resources",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
-        "libbase",
-        "libbufferhubqueue",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libcutils",
-        "libfmq",
-        "libhardware",
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "liblog",
-        "libsync",
-        "libui",
-        "libutils",
-        "libpdx_default_transport",
-    ],
-
-    header_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-hal",
-    ],
-
-    export_header_lib_headers: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-hal",
-    ],
-
-    export_static_lib_headers: [
-        "libdisplay",
-    ],
-
-    export_shared_lib_headers: [
-        "android.frameworks.vr.composer@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
-    ],
-
-    export_include_dirs: ["."],
-
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"vr_hwc\"",
-        "-DATRACE_TAG=ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-error=unused-private-field",
-        // Warnings in vr_hwc.cpp to be fixed after sync of goog/master.
-        "-Wno-sign-compare",
-        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
-    ],
-
-}
-
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "libvr_hwc-impl",
-    srcs: [
-        "vr_composer.cpp",
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "libvr_hwc-binder",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "libbinder",
-        "liblog",
-        "libui",
-        "libutils",
-        "libvr_hwc-hal",
-    ],
-    export_shared_lib_headers: [
-        "libvr_hwc-hal",
-    ],
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"vr_hwc\"",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "vr_hwc_test",
-    gtest: true,
-    srcs: ["tests/vr_composer_test.cpp"],
-    static_libs: [
-        "libgtest",
-        "libvr_hwc-impl",
-        // NOTE: This needs to be included after the *-impl lib otherwise the
-        // symbols in the *-binder library get optimized out.
-        "libvr_hwc-binder",
-    ],
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        // warnings in vr_composer_test.cpp to be fixed after merge of goog/master
-        "-Wno-sign-compare",
-        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "libbinder",
-        "liblog",
-        "libui",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
-}
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/Android.bp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index fa71ed7..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "libvr_hwc-binder",
-    srcs: [
-        "android/dvr/IVrComposer.aidl",
-        "android/dvr/IVrComposerCallback.aidl",
-        "android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.cpp",
-        "android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.cpp",
-        "android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.cpp",
-    ],
-    aidl: {
-        local_include_dirs: ["."],
-        export_aidl_headers: true,
-    },
-    export_include_dirs: ["."],
-
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder",
-        "libui",
-        "libutils",
-        "libvr_hwc-hal",
-    ],
-}
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/IVrComposer.aidl b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/IVrComposer.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index be1ec5b..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/IVrComposer.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package android.dvr;
-
-import android.dvr.IVrComposerCallback;
-
-/**
- * Service interface exposed by VR HWC exposed to system apps which allows one
- * system app to connect to get SurfaceFlinger's outputs (all displays). This
- * is active when SurfaceFlinger is in VR mode, where all 2D output is
- * redirected to VR HWC.
- *
- * @hide */
-interface IVrComposer
-{
-  const String SERVICE_NAME = "vr_hwc";
-
-  /**
-   * Registers a callback used to receive frame notifications.
-   */
-  void registerObserver(in IVrComposerCallback callback);
-
-  /**
-   * Clears a previously registered frame notification callback.
-   */
-  void clearObserver();
-}
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/IVrComposerCallback.aidl b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/IVrComposerCallback.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index aa70de1..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/IVrComposerCallback.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package android.dvr;
-
-import android.dvr.ParcelableComposerFrame;
-import android.dvr.ParcelableUniqueFd;
-
-/**
- * A system app will implement and register this callback with VRComposer
- * to receive the layers SurfaceFlinger presented when in VR mode.
- *
- * @hide */
-interface IVrComposerCallback {
-  /**
-   * Called by the VR HWC service when a new frame is ready to be presented.
-   *
-   * @param frame The new frame VR HWC wants to present.
-   * @return A fence FD used to signal when the previous frame is no longer
-   * used by the client. This may be an invalid fence (-1) if the client is not
-   * using the previous frame, in which case the previous frame may be re-used
-   * at any point in time.
-   */
-  ParcelableUniqueFd onNewFrame(in ParcelableComposerFrame frame);
-}
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableComposerFrame.aidl b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableComposerFrame.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index 84abc19..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableComposerFrame.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-package android.dvr;
-
-parcelable ParcelableComposerFrame cpp_header "android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.h";
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableComposerLayer.aidl b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableComposerLayer.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index a200345..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableComposerLayer.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-package android.dvr;
-
-parcelable ParcelableComposerLayer cpp_header "android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.h";
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableUniqueFd.aidl b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableUniqueFd.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index eee9d13..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/ParcelableUniqueFd.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-package android.dvr;
-
-parcelable ParcelableUniqueFd cpp_header "android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.h";
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.cpp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index db7d5dc..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-#include "aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.h"
-
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-#include "aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-ParcelableComposerFrame::ParcelableComposerFrame() {}
-
-ParcelableComposerFrame::ParcelableComposerFrame(
-    const ComposerView::Frame& frame)
-    : frame_(frame) {}
-
-ParcelableComposerFrame::~ParcelableComposerFrame() {}
-
-status_t ParcelableComposerFrame::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
-  status_t ret = parcel->writeUint64(frame_.display_id);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(frame_.display_width);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(frame_.display_height);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeBool(frame_.removed);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_.active_config));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_.color_mode));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_.power_mode));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_.vsync_enabled));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(frame_.color_transform_hint);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-    ret = parcel->writeFloat(frame_.color_transform[i]);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<ParcelableComposerLayer> layers;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < frame_.layers.size(); ++i)
-    layers.push_back(ParcelableComposerLayer(frame_.layers[i]));
-
-  ret = parcel->writeParcelableVector(layers);
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-status_t ParcelableComposerFrame::readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) {
-  status_t ret = parcel->readUint64(&frame_.display_id);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&frame_.display_width);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&frame_.display_height);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readBool(&frame_.removed);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  uint32_t value;
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&value);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  frame_.active_config = static_cast<Config>(value);
-
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&value);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  frame_.color_mode = static_cast<ColorMode>(value);
-
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&value);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  frame_.power_mode = static_cast<IComposerClient::PowerMode>(value);
-
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&value);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  frame_.vsync_enabled = static_cast<IComposerClient::Vsync>(value);
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&frame_.color_transform_hint);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-    ret = parcel->readFloat(&frame_.color_transform[i]);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<ParcelableComposerLayer> layers;
-  ret = parcel->readParcelableVector(&layers);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  frame_.layers.clear();
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers.size(); ++i)
-    frame_.layers.push_back(layers[i].layer());
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.h b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a82df7f..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_frame.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_COMPOSER_FRAME_H
-#define ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_COMPOSER_FRAME_H
-
-#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
-#include <impl/vr_hwc.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class ParcelableComposerFrame : public Parcelable {
- public:
-  ParcelableComposerFrame();
-  explicit ParcelableComposerFrame(const ComposerView::Frame& frame);
-  ~ParcelableComposerFrame() override;
-
-  ComposerView::Frame frame() const { return frame_; }
-
-  status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override;
-  status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) override;
-
- private:
-  ComposerView::Frame frame_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_COMPOSER_FRAME_H
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.cpp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c3621eb..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-#include "aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.h"
-
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <ui/Fence.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-ParcelableComposerLayer::ParcelableComposerLayer() {}
-
-ParcelableComposerLayer::ParcelableComposerLayer(
-    const ComposerView::ComposerLayer& layer) : layer_(layer) {}
-
-ParcelableComposerLayer::~ParcelableComposerLayer() {}
-
-status_t ParcelableComposerLayer::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
-  status_t ret = parcel->writeUint64(layer_.id);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->write(*layer_.buffer);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeBool(layer_.fence->isValid());
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  if (layer_.fence->isValid()) {
-    ret = parcel->writeFileDescriptor(layer_.fence->dup(), true);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  }
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.display_frame.left);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.display_frame.top);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.display_frame.right);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.display_frame.bottom);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeFloat(layer_.crop.left);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeFloat(layer_.crop.top);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeFloat(layer_.crop.right);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeFloat(layer_.crop.bottom);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(static_cast<int32_t>(layer_.blend_mode));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeFloat(layer_.alpha);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(layer_.type);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(layer_.app_id);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(layer_.z_order);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.cursor_x);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.cursor_y);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  uint32_t color = layer_.color.r |
-      (static_cast<uint32_t>(layer_.color.g) << 8) |
-      (static_cast<uint32_t>(layer_.color.b) << 16) |
-      (static_cast<uint32_t>(layer_.color.a) << 24);
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(color);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.dataspace);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeInt32(layer_.transform);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(layer_.visible_regions.size()));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  for (auto& rect: layer_.visible_regions) {
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.left);
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.top);
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.right);
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.bottom);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  }
-
-  ret = parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(layer_.damaged_regions.size()));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  for (auto& rect: layer_.damaged_regions) {
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.left);
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.top);
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.right);
-    ret = parcel->writeInt32(rect.bottom);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  }
-
-  return OK;
-}
-
-status_t ParcelableComposerLayer::readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) {
-  status_t ret = parcel->readUint64(&layer_.id);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  layer_.buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
-  ret = parcel->read(*layer_.buffer);
-  if (ret != OK) {
-    layer_.buffer.clear();
-    return ret;
-  }
-
-  bool has_fence = 0;
-  ret = parcel->readBool(&has_fence);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  if (has_fence)
-    layer_.fence = new Fence(dup(parcel->readFileDescriptor()));
-  else
-    layer_.fence = new Fence();
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.display_frame.left);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.display_frame.top);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.display_frame.right);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.display_frame.bottom);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readFloat(&layer_.crop.left);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readFloat(&layer_.crop.top);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readFloat(&layer_.crop.right);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readFloat(&layer_.crop.bottom);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&layer_.blend_mode));
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readFloat(&layer_.alpha);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&layer_.type);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&layer_.app_id);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&layer_.z_order);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.cursor_x);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.cursor_y);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  uint32_t color;
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&color);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-  layer_.color.r = color & 0xFF;
-  layer_.color.g = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
-  layer_.color.b = (color >> 16) & 0xFF;
-  layer_.color.a = (color >> 24) & 0xFF;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.dataspace);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  ret = parcel->readInt32(&layer_.transform);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  uint32_t size;
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&size);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    hwc_rect_t rect;
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.left);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.top);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.right);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.bottom);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    layer_.visible_regions.push_back(rect);
-  }
-
-  ret = parcel->readUint32(&size);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    hwc_rect_t rect;
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.left);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.top);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.right);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    ret = parcel->readInt32(&rect.bottom);
-    if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-    layer_.damaged_regions.push_back(rect);
-  }
-
-  return OK;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.h b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d2ac09..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_composer_layer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_COMPOSER_LAYER_H
-#define ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_COMPOSER_LAYER_H
-
-#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
-#include <impl/vr_hwc.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class ParcelableComposerLayer : public Parcelable {
- public:
-  ParcelableComposerLayer();
-  explicit ParcelableComposerLayer(const ComposerView::ComposerLayer& layer);
-  ~ParcelableComposerLayer() override;
-
-  ComposerView::ComposerLayer layer() const { return layer_; }
-
-  status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override;
-  status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) override;
-
- private:
-  ComposerView::ComposerLayer layer_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_COMPOSER_LAYER_H
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.cpp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9486f3c..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#include "android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.h"
-
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-ParcelableUniqueFd::ParcelableUniqueFd() {}
-
-ParcelableUniqueFd::ParcelableUniqueFd(const base::unique_fd& fence)
-    : fence_(dup(fence.get())) {}
-
-ParcelableUniqueFd::~ParcelableUniqueFd() {}
-
-status_t ParcelableUniqueFd::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
-  status_t ret = parcel->writeBool(fence_.get() >= 0);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  if (fence_.get() >= 0)
-    ret = parcel->writeUniqueFileDescriptor(fence_);
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-status_t ParcelableUniqueFd::readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) {
-  bool has_fence = 0;
-  status_t ret = parcel->readBool(&has_fence);
-  if (ret != OK) return ret;
-
-  if (has_fence)
-    ret = parcel->readUniqueFileDescriptor(&fence_);
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.h b/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c4216f6..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/aidl/android/dvr/parcelable_unique_fd.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_UNIQUE_FD_H
-#define ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_UNIQUE_FD_H
-
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// Provide a wrapper to serialized base::unique_fd. The wrapper also handles the
-// case where the FD is invalid (-1), unlike FileDescriptor which expects a
-// valid FD.
-class ParcelableUniqueFd : public Parcelable {
- public:
-  ParcelableUniqueFd();
-  explicit ParcelableUniqueFd(const base::unique_fd& fence);
-  ~ParcelableUniqueFd() override;
-
-  void set_fence(const base::unique_fd& fence) {
-    fence_.reset(dup(fence.get()));
-  }
-  base::unique_fd fence() const { return base::unique_fd(dup(fence_.get())); }
-
-  status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const override;
-  status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) override;
-
- private:
-  base::unique_fd fence_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_AIDL_ANDROID_DVR_PARCELABLE_UNIQUE_FD_H
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_composer_client.cpp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_composer_client.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index dd1603d..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_composer_client.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android/frameworks/vr/composer/2.0/IVrComposerClient.h>
-#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
-#include <hardware/gralloc1.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-
-#include "impl/vr_hwc.h"
-#include "impl/vr_composer_client.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-using android::frameworks::vr::composer::V2_0::IVrComposerClient;
-
-VrComposerClient::VrComposerClient(dvr::VrHwc& hal)
-    : ComposerClient(&hal), mVrHal(hal) {
-  if (!init()) {
-      LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to initialize VrComposerClient");
-  }
-}
-
-VrComposerClient::~VrComposerClient() {}
-
-std::unique_ptr<ComposerCommandEngine>
-VrComposerClient::createCommandEngine() {
-  return std::make_unique<VrCommandEngine>(*this);
-}
-
-VrComposerClient::VrCommandEngine::VrCommandEngine(VrComposerClient& client)
-    : ComposerCommandEngine(client.mHal, client.mResources.get()),
-      mVrHal(client.mVrHal) {}
-
-VrComposerClient::VrCommandEngine::~VrCommandEngine() {}
-
-bool VrComposerClient::VrCommandEngine::executeCommand(
-    hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::Command command,
-    uint16_t length) {
-  IVrComposerClient::VrCommand vrCommand =
-      static_cast<IVrComposerClient::VrCommand>(command);
-  switch (vrCommand) {
-    case IVrComposerClient::VrCommand::SET_LAYER_INFO:
-      return executeSetLayerInfo(length);
-    case IVrComposerClient::VrCommand::SET_CLIENT_TARGET_METADATA:
-      return executeSetClientTargetMetadata(length);
-    case IVrComposerClient::VrCommand::SET_LAYER_BUFFER_METADATA:
-      return executeSetLayerBufferMetadata(length);
-    default:
-      return ComposerCommandEngine::executeCommand(command, length);
-  }
-}
-
-bool VrComposerClient::VrCommandEngine::executeSetLayerInfo(uint16_t length) {
-  if (length != 2) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  auto err = mVrHal.setLayerInfo(mCurrentDisplay, mCurrentLayer, read(), read());
-  if (err != Error::NONE) {
-    mWriter->setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool VrComposerClient::VrCommandEngine::executeSetClientTargetMetadata(
-    uint16_t length) {
-  if (length != 7)
-    return false;
-
-  auto err = mVrHal.setClientTargetMetadata(mCurrentDisplay, readBufferMetadata());
-  if (err != Error::NONE)
-    mWriter->setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool VrComposerClient::VrCommandEngine::executeSetLayerBufferMetadata(
-    uint16_t length) {
-  if (length != 7)
-    return false;
-
-  auto err = mVrHal.setLayerBufferMetadata(mCurrentDisplay, mCurrentLayer,
-                                           readBufferMetadata());
-  if (err != Error::NONE)
-    mWriter->setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata
-VrComposerClient::VrCommandEngine::readBufferMetadata() {
-  IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata metadata = {
-      .width = read(),
-      .height = read(),
-      .stride = read(),
-      .layerCount = read(),
-      .format =
-          static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(
-              readSigned()),
-      .usage = read64(),
-  };
-  return metadata;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_composer_client.h b/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_composer_client.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b2b5f4..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_composer_client.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_IMPL_VR_COMPOSER_CLIENT_H
-#define ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_IMPL_VR_COMPOSER_CLIENT_H
-
-#include <android/frameworks/vr/composer/2.0/IVrComposerClient.h>
-#include <composer-command-buffer/2.3/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
-#include <composer-hal/2.1/ComposerClient.h>
-#include <composer-hal/2.1/ComposerCommandEngine.h>
-#include <composer-hal/2.2/ComposerClient.h>
-#include <composer-hal/2.3/ComposerClient.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class VrHwc;
-
-using hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::hal::ComposerCommandEngine;
-using hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::hal::ComposerHal;
-using hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::hal::detail::ComposerClientImpl;
-
-using ComposerClient = ComposerClientImpl<IVrComposerClient, ComposerHal>;
-
-class VrComposerClient : public ComposerClient {
- public:
-  explicit VrComposerClient(android::dvr::VrHwc& hal);
-  virtual ~VrComposerClient();
-
- private:
-  class VrCommandEngine : public ComposerCommandEngine {
-   public:
-    explicit VrCommandEngine(VrComposerClient& client);
-    ~VrCommandEngine() override;
-
-    bool executeCommand(
-        hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::Command command,
-        uint16_t length) override;
-
-   private:
-    bool executeSetLayerInfo(uint16_t length);
-    bool executeSetClientTargetMetadata(uint16_t length);
-    bool executeSetLayerBufferMetadata(uint16_t length);
-
-    IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata readBufferMetadata();
-
-    android::dvr::VrHwc& mVrHal;
-
-    VrCommandEngine(const VrCommandEngine&) = delete;
-    void operator=(const VrCommandEngine&) = delete;
-  };
-
-  VrComposerClient(const VrComposerClient&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const VrComposerClient&) = delete;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<ComposerCommandEngine> createCommandEngine() override;
-  dvr::VrHwc& mVrHal;
-};
-
-} // namespace dvr
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_IMPL_VR_COMPOSER_CLIENT_H
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_hwc.cpp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_hwc.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e530b16..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_hwc.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1178 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#include "impl/vr_hwc.h"
-
-#include "android-base/stringprintf.h"
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_client.h>
-#include <ui/Fence.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-#include <mutex>
-
-#include "vr_composer_client.h"
-
-using namespace android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0;
-using namespace android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3;
-
-using android::base::StringPrintf;
-using android::hardware::hidl_handle;
-using android::hardware::hidl_string;
-using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
-using android::hardware::Return;
-using android::hardware::Void;
-
-namespace types = android::hardware::graphics::common;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace {
-
-const Display kDefaultDisplayId = 1;
-const Config kDefaultConfigId = 1;
-
-sp<GraphicBuffer> CreateGraphicBuffer(
-    const native_handle_t* handle,
-    const IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata& metadata) {
-   sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer(
-      handle, GraphicBuffer::CLONE_HANDLE, metadata.width, metadata.height,
-      static_cast<int32_t>(metadata.format), metadata.layerCount,
-      metadata.usage, metadata.stride);
-   if (buffer->initCheck() != OK) {
-     ALOGE("Failed to create graphic buffer");
-     return nullptr;
-   }
-
-   return buffer;
-}
-
-void GetPrimaryDisplaySize(int32_t* width, int32_t* height) {
-  *width = 1080;
-  *height = 1920;
-
-  int error = 0;
-  auto display_client = display::DisplayClient::Create(&error);
-  if (!display_client) {
-    ALOGE("Could not connect to display service : %s(%d)", strerror(error),
-          error);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  auto status = display_client->GetDisplayMetrics();
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE("Could not get display metrics from display service : %s(%d)",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str(), status.error());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  *width = status.get().display_width;
-  *height = status.get().display_height;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-HwcDisplay::HwcDisplay(int32_t width, int32_t height)
-    : width_(width), height_(height) {}
-
-HwcDisplay::~HwcDisplay() {}
-
-bool HwcDisplay::SetClientTarget(const native_handle_t* handle,
-                                 base::unique_fd fence) {
-  if (handle)
-    buffer_ = CreateGraphicBuffer(handle, buffer_metadata_);
-
-  fence_ = new Fence(fence.release());
-  return true;
-}
-
-void HwcDisplay::SetClientTargetMetadata(
-    const IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata& metadata) {
-  buffer_metadata_ = metadata;
-}
-
-HwcLayer* HwcDisplay::CreateLayer() {
-  uint64_t layer_id = layer_ids_++;
-  layers_.push_back(HwcLayer(layer_id));
-  return &layers_.back();
-}
-
-HwcLayer* HwcDisplay::GetLayer(Layer id) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers_.size(); ++i)
-    if (layers_[i].info.id == id)
-      return &layers_[i];
-
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-bool HwcDisplay::DestroyLayer(Layer id) {
-  for (auto it = layers_.begin(); it != layers_.end(); ++it) {
-    if (it->info.id == id) {
-      layers_.erase(it);
-      return true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-void HwcDisplay::GetChangedCompositionTypes(
-    std::vector<Layer>* layer_ids,
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* types) {
-  std::sort(layers_.begin(), layers_.end(),
-            [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
-              return lhs.info.z_order < rhs.info.z_order;
-            });
-
-  const size_t no_layer = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
-  size_t first_client_layer = no_layer, last_client_layer = no_layer;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers_.size(); ++i) {
-    switch (layers_[i].composition_type) {
-      case IComposerClient::Composition::SOLID_COLOR:
-      case IComposerClient::Composition::CURSOR:
-      case IComposerClient::Composition::SIDEBAND:
-        if (first_client_layer == no_layer)
-          first_client_layer = i;
-
-        last_client_layer = i;
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers_.size(); ++i) {
-    if (i >= first_client_layer && i <= last_client_layer) {
-      if (layers_[i].composition_type != IComposerClient::Composition::CLIENT) {
-        layer_ids->push_back(layers_[i].info.id);
-        types->push_back(IComposerClient::Composition::CLIENT);
-        layers_[i].composition_type = IComposerClient::Composition::CLIENT;
-      }
-
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (layers_[i].composition_type != IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE) {
-      layer_ids->push_back(layers_[i].info.id);
-      types->push_back(IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
-      layers_[i].composition_type = IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-Error HwcDisplay::GetFrame(
-    std::vector<ComposerView::ComposerLayer>* out_frames) {
-  bool queued_client_target = false;
-  std::vector<ComposerView::ComposerLayer> frame;
-  for (const auto& layer : layers_) {
-    if (layer.composition_type == IComposerClient::Composition::CLIENT) {
-      if (queued_client_target)
-        continue;
-
-      if (!buffer_.get()) {
-        ALOGE("Client composition requested but no client target buffer");
-        return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-      }
-
-      ComposerView::ComposerLayer client_target_layer = {
-          .buffer = buffer_,
-          .fence = fence_.get() ? fence_ : new Fence(-1),
-          .display_frame = {0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(buffer_->getWidth()),
-            static_cast<int32_t>(buffer_->getHeight())},
-          .crop = {0.0f, 0.0f, static_cast<float>(buffer_->getWidth()),
-            static_cast<float>(buffer_->getHeight())},
-          .blend_mode = IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE,
-      };
-
-      frame.push_back(client_target_layer);
-      queued_client_target = true;
-    } else {
-      if (!layer.info.buffer.get() || !layer.info.fence.get()) {
-        ALOGV("Layer requested without valid buffer");
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      frame.push_back(layer.info);
-    }
-  }
-
-  out_frames->swap(frame);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-std::vector<Layer> HwcDisplay::UpdateLastFrameAndGetLastFrameLayers() {
-  std::vector<Layer> last_frame_layers;
-  last_frame_layers.swap(last_frame_layers_ids_);
-
-  for (const auto& layer : layers_)
-    last_frame_layers_ids_.push_back(layer.info.id);
-
-  return last_frame_layers;
-}
-
-void HwcDisplay::SetColorTransform(const float* matrix, int32_t hint) {
-  color_transform_hint_ = hint;
-  if (matrix)
-    memcpy(color_transform_, matrix, sizeof(color_transform_));
-}
-
-void HwcDisplay::dumpDebugInfo(std::string* result) const {
-  if (!result) {
-    return;
-  }
-  *result += StringPrintf("HwcDisplay: width: %d, height: %d, layers size: %zu, colormode: %d\
-      , config: %d\n", width_, height_, layers_.size(), color_mode_, active_config_);
-  *result += StringPrintf("HwcDisplay buffer metadata: width: %d, height: %d, stride: %d,\
-      layerCount: %d, pixelFormat: %d\n", buffer_metadata_.width, buffer_metadata_.height,
-      buffer_metadata_.stride, buffer_metadata_.layerCount, buffer_metadata_.format);
-  for (const auto& layer : layers_) {
-    layer.dumpDebugInfo(result);
-  }
-}
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// VrHwcClient
-
-VrHwc::VrHwc() {
-  vsync_callback_ = new VsyncCallback;
-}
-
-VrHwc::~VrHwc() {
-  vsync_callback_->SetEventCallback(nullptr);
-}
-
-bool VrHwc::hasCapability(hwc2_capability_t /* capability */) { return false; }
-
-void VrHwc::registerEventCallback(EventCallback* callback) {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  event_callback_ = callback;
-  int32_t width, height;
-  GetPrimaryDisplaySize(&width, &height);
-  // Create the primary display late to avoid initialization issues between
-  // VR HWC and SurfaceFlinger.
-  displays_[kDefaultDisplayId].reset(new HwcDisplay(width, height));
-
-  // Surface flinger will make calls back into vr_hwc when it receives the
-  // onHotplug() call, so it's important to release mutex_ here.
-  lock.unlock();
-  event_callback_->onHotplug(kDefaultDisplayId,
-                             hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::
-                                 IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED);
-  lock.lock();
-  UpdateVsyncCallbackEnabledLocked();
-}
-
-void VrHwc::unregisterEventCallback() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  event_callback_ = nullptr;
-  UpdateVsyncCallbackEnabledLocked();
-}
-
-uint32_t VrHwc::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() { return 1; }
-
-Error VrHwc::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (display == kDefaultDisplayId || displays_.erase(display) == 0)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  ComposerView::Frame frame;
-  frame.display_id = display;
-  frame.removed = true;
-  if (observer_)
-    observer_->OnNewFrame(frame);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* layer = display_ptr->CreateLayer();
-  *outLayer = layer->info.id;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr) {
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  }
-
-  return display_ptr->DestroyLayer(layer) ? Error::NONE : Error::BAD_LAYER;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (!FindDisplay(display))
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  *outConfig = kDefaultConfigId;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
-                                 IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
-                                 int32_t* outValue) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr) {
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  }
-  if (config != kDefaultConfigId) {
-    return Error::BAD_CONFIG;
-  }
-
-  switch (attribute) {
-    case IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH:
-      *outValue = display_ptr->width();
-      break;
-    case IComposerClient::Attribute::HEIGHT:
-      *outValue = display_ptr->height();
-      break;
-    case IComposerClient::Attribute::VSYNC_PERIOD:
-      {
-        int error = 0;
-        auto display_client = display::DisplayClient::Create(&error);
-        if (!display_client) {
-          ALOGE("Could not connect to display service : %s(%d)",
-                strerror(error), error);
-          // Return a default value of 30 fps
-          *outValue = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 / 30;
-        } else {
-          auto metrics = display_client->GetDisplayMetrics();
-          *outValue = metrics.get().vsync_period_ns;
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    case IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_X:
-    case IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_Y:
-      {
-        constexpr int32_t kDefaultDPI = 300;
-        int32_t dpi = property_get_int32("ro.vr.hwc.dpi", kDefaultDPI);
-        if (dpi <= 0) {
-          dpi = kDefaultDPI;
-        }
-        *outValue = 1000 * dpi;
-      }
-      break;
-    default:
-      return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-  }
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayConfigs(Display display, hidl_vec<Config>* outConfigs) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (!FindDisplay(display))
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  std::vector<Config> configs(1, kDefaultConfigId);
-  *outConfigs = hidl_vec<Config>(configs);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayName(Display /* display */, hidl_string* outName) {
-  *outName = hidl_string();
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayType(Display display,
-                            IComposerClient::DisplayType* outType) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr) {
-    *outType = IComposerClient::DisplayType::INVALID;
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  }
-
-  if (display == kDefaultDisplayId)
-    *outType = IComposerClient::DisplayType::PHYSICAL;
-  else
-    *outType = IComposerClient::DisplayType::VIRTUAL;
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) {
-  *outSupport = false;
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (!FindDisplay(display))
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  if (config != kDefaultConfigId)
-    return Error::BAD_CONFIG;
-
-  display_ptr->set_active_config(config);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  if (enabled != IComposerClient::Vsync::ENABLE &&
-      enabled != IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE) {
-    return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-  }
-
-  Error set_vsync_result = Error::NONE;
-  if (display == kDefaultDisplayId) {
-    sp<IVsyncService> vsync_service = interface_cast<IVsyncService>(
-        defaultServiceManager()->getService(
-            String16(IVsyncService::GetServiceName())));
-    if (vsync_service == nullptr) {
-      ALOGE("Failed to get vsync service");
-      return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    if (enabled == IComposerClient::Vsync::ENABLE) {
-      ALOGI("Enable vsync");
-      display_ptr->set_vsync_enabled(true);
-      status_t result = vsync_service->registerCallback(vsync_callback_);
-      if (result != OK) {
-        ALOGE("%s service registerCallback() failed: %s (%d)",
-            IVsyncService::GetServiceName(), strerror(-result), result);
-        set_vsync_result = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-      }
-    } else if (enabled == IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE) {
-      ALOGI("Disable vsync");
-      display_ptr->set_vsync_enabled(false);
-      status_t result = vsync_service->unregisterCallback(vsync_callback_);
-      if (result != OK) {
-        ALOGE("%s service unregisterCallback() failed: %s (%d)",
-            IVsyncService::GetServiceName(), strerror(-result), result);
-        set_vsync_result = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-      }
-    }
-
-    UpdateVsyncCallbackEnabledLocked();
-  }
-
-  return set_vsync_result;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix,
-                               int32_t hint) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  display_ptr->SetColorTransform(matrix, hint);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setClientTarget(Display display, buffer_handle_t target,
-                             int32_t acquireFence, int32_t /* dataspace */,
-                             const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& /* damage */) {
-  base::unique_fd fence(acquireFence);
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  if (target == nullptr)
-    return Error::NONE;
-
-  if (!display_ptr->SetClientTarget(target, std::move(fence)))
-    return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setOutputBuffer(Display display, buffer_handle_t /* buffer */,
-                             int32_t releaseFence) {
-  base::unique_fd fence(releaseFence);
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  // TODO(dnicoara): Is it necessary to do anything here?
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::validateDisplay(
-    Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outChangedLayers,
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outCompositionTypes,
-    uint32_t* /* outDisplayRequestMask */,
-    std::vector<Layer>* /* outRequestedLayers */,
-    std::vector<uint32_t>* /* outRequestMasks */) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  display_ptr->GetChangedCompositionTypes(outChangedLayers,
-                                          outCompositionTypes);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::acceptDisplayChanges(Display /* display */) { return Error::NONE; }
-
-Error VrHwc::presentDisplay(Display display, int32_t* outPresentFence,
-                            std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                            std::vector<int32_t>* outReleaseFences) {
-  *outPresentFence = -1;
-  outLayers->clear();
-  outReleaseFences->clear();
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  ComposerView::Frame frame;
-  std::vector<Layer> last_frame_layers;
-  Error status = display_ptr->GetFrame(&frame.layers);
-  frame.display_id = display;
-  frame.display_width = display_ptr->width();
-  frame.display_height = display_ptr->height();
-  frame.active_config = display_ptr->active_config();
-  frame.power_mode = display_ptr->power_mode();
-  frame.vsync_enabled = display_ptr->vsync_enabled() ?
-      IComposerClient::Vsync::ENABLE : IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE;
-  frame.color_transform_hint = display_ptr->color_transform_hint();
-  frame.color_mode = display_ptr->color_mode();
-  memcpy(frame.color_transform, display_ptr->color_transform(),
-         sizeof(frame.color_transform));
-  if (status != Error::NONE)
-    return status;
-
-  last_frame_layers = display_ptr->UpdateLastFrameAndGetLastFrameLayers();
-
-  base::unique_fd fence;
-  if (observer_)
-    fence = observer_->OnNewFrame(frame);
-
-  if (fence.get() < 0)
-    return Error::NONE;
-
-  *outPresentFence = dup(fence.get());
-  outLayers->swap(last_frame_layers);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < outLayers->size(); ++i)
-    outReleaseFences->push_back(dup(fence.get()));
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x,
-                                    int32_t y) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.cursor_x = x;
-  hwc_layer->info.cursor_y = y;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer,
-                            buffer_handle_t buffer, int32_t acquireFence) {
-  base::unique_fd fence(acquireFence);
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.buffer = CreateGraphicBuffer(
-      buffer, hwc_layer->buffer_metadata);
-  hwc_layer->info.fence = new Fence(fence.release());
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                   const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& damage) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.damaged_regions = damage;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t mode) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.blend_mode =
-      static_cast<ComposerView::ComposerLayer::BlendMode>(mode);
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
-                           IComposerClient::Color color) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.color = color;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                     int32_t type) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->composition_type = static_cast<HwcLayer::Composition>(type);
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer,
-                               int32_t dataspace) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.dataspace = dataspace;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                  const hwc_rect_t& frame) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.display_frame =
-      {frame.left, frame.top, frame.right, frame.bottom};
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.alpha = alpha;
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer /* layer */,
-                                    buffer_handle_t /* stream */) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (!FindDisplay(display))
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                const hwc_frect_t& crop) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.crop = {crop.left, crop.top, crop.right, crop.bottom};
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
-                               int32_t transform) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.transform = transform;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                   const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& visible) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.visible_regions = visible;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.z_order = z;
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerInfo(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t type,
-                          uint32_t appId) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->info.type = type;
-  hwc_layer->info.app_id = appId;
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setClientTargetMetadata(
-    Display display, const IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata& metadata) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  display_ptr->SetClientTargetMetadata(metadata);
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerBufferMetadata(
-    Display display, Layer layer,
-    const IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata& metadata) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  HwcLayer* hwc_layer = display_ptr->GetLayer(layer);
-  if (!hwc_layer)
-    return Error::BAD_LAYER;
-
-  hwc_layer->buffer_metadata = metadata;
-
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Return<void> VrHwc::getCapabilities(getCapabilities_cb hidl_cb) {
-  hidl_cb(hidl_vec<Capability>());
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> VrHwc::dumpDebugInfo(dumpDebugInfo_cb hidl_cb) {
-  std::string result;
-
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-    result = "\nVrHwc states:\n";
-    for (const auto& pair : displays_) {
-      result += StringPrintf("Display id: %lu\n", (unsigned long)pair.first);
-      pair.second->dumpDebugInfo(&result);
-    }
-    result += "\n";
-  }
-
-  hidl_cb(hidl_string(result));
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> VrHwc::createClient(createClient_cb hidl_cb) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-
-  Error status = Error::NONE;
-  sp<VrComposerClient> client;
-  if (!client_.promote().get()) {
-    client = new VrComposerClient(*this);
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("Already have a client");
-    status = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-  }
-
-  client_ = client;
-  hidl_cb(status, client);
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> VrHwc::createClient_2_3(IComposer::createClient_2_3_cb hidl_cb) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-
-  Error status = Error::NONE;
-  sp<VrComposerClient> client;
-  if (!client_.promote().get()) {
-    client = new VrComposerClient(*this);
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("Already have a client");
-    status = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-  }
-
-  client_ = client;
-  hidl_cb(status, client);
-  return Void();
-}
-
-void VrHwc::ForceDisplaysRefresh() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (event_callback_ != nullptr) {
-    for (const auto& pair : displays_)
-      event_callback_->onRefresh(pair.first);
-  }
-}
-
-void VrHwc::RegisterObserver(Observer* observer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (observer_)
-    ALOGE("Overwriting observer");
-  else
-    observer_ = observer;
-}
-
-void VrHwc::UnregisterObserver(Observer* observer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (observer != observer_)
-    ALOGE("Trying to unregister unknown observer");
-  else
-    observer_ = nullptr;
-}
-
-HwcDisplay* VrHwc::FindDisplay(Display display) {
-  auto iter = displays_.find(display);
-  return iter == displays_.end() ? nullptr : iter->second.get();
-}
-
-void VrHwc::UpdateVsyncCallbackEnabledLocked() {
-  auto primary_display = FindDisplay(kDefaultDisplayId);
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(event_callback_ != nullptr && primary_display == nullptr,
-      "Should have created the primary display by now");
-  bool send_vsync =
-      event_callback_ != nullptr && primary_display->vsync_enabled();
-  vsync_callback_->SetEventCallback(send_vsync ? event_callback_ : nullptr);
-}
-
-Return<void> VrHwc::debug(const hidl_handle& fd,
-                          const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& args) {
-  std::string result;
-
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-    for (const auto& pair : displays_) {
-      result += StringPrintf("Display id: %d\n", static_cast<int>(pair.first));
-      pair.second->dumpDebugInfo(&result);
-    }
-    result += "\n";
-  }
-
-  FILE* out = fdopen(dup(fd->data[0]), "w");
-  fprintf(out, "%s", result.c_str());
-  fclose(out);
-
-  return Void();
-}
-
-void HwcLayer::dumpDebugInfo(std::string* result) const {
-  if (!result) {
-    return;
-  }
-  *result += StringPrintf("Layer: composition_type: %d, type: %d, app_id: %d, z_order: %d,\
-      cursor_x: %d, cursor_y: %d, color(rgba): (%d,%d,%d,%d), dataspace: %d, transform: %d,\
-      display_frame(LTRB): (%d,%d,%d,%d), crop(LTRB): (%.1f,%.1f,%.1f,%.1f), blend_mode: %d\n",
-      composition_type, info.type, info.app_id, info.z_order, info.cursor_x, info.cursor_y,
-      info.color.r, info.color.g, info.color.b, info.color.a, info.dataspace, info.transform,
-      info.display_frame.left, info.display_frame.top, info.display_frame.right,
-      info.display_frame.bottom, info.crop.left, info.crop.top, info.crop.right,
-      info.crop.bottom, info.blend_mode);
-  *result += StringPrintf("Layer buffer metadata: width: %d, height: %d, stride: %d, layerCount: %d\
-      , pixelFormat: %d\n", buffer_metadata.width, buffer_metadata.height, buffer_metadata.stride,
-      buffer_metadata.layerCount, buffer_metadata.format);
-}
-
-status_t VrHwc::VsyncCallback::onVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("vr_hwc onVsync");
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  if (callback_ != nullptr)
-    callback_->onVsync(kDefaultDisplayId, vsync_timestamp);
-  return OK;
-}
-
-void VrHwc::VsyncCallback::SetEventCallback(EventCallback* callback) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  callback_ = callback;
-}
-
-// composer::V2_2::ComposerHal
-Error VrHwc::setReadbackBuffer(Display display,
-                               const native_handle_t* bufferHandle,
-                               android::base::unique_fd fenceFd) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getReadbackBufferFence(Display display,
-                                    android::base::unique_fd* outFenceFd) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::createVirtualDisplay_2_2(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                                      types::V1_1::PixelFormat* format,
-                                      Display* outDisplay) {
-  *format = types::V1_1::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
-  *outDisplay = display_count_;
-  displays_[display_count_].reset(new HwcDisplay(width, height));
-  display_count_++;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setPowerMode_2_2(Display display,
-                              IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
-  bool dozeSupported = false;
-
-  Error dozeSupportError = getDozeSupport(display, &dozeSupported);
-
-  if (dozeSupportError != Error::NONE)
-    return dozeSupportError;
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  if (mode < IComposerClient::PowerMode::OFF ||
-      mode > IComposerClient::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
-    return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-  }
-
-  if (!dozeSupported && (mode == IComposerClient::PowerMode::DOZE ||
-                         mode == IComposerClient::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND)) {
-    return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-  }
-
-  display_ptr->set_power_mode(mode);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerFloatColor(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                IComposerClient::FloatColor color) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getRenderIntents(Display display, types::V1_1::ColorMode mode,
-                              std::vector<RenderIntent>* outIntents) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-std::array<float, 16> VrHwc::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(
-    types::V1_1::Dataspace dataspace) {
-  return {};
-}
-
-// composer::V2_3::ComposerHal
-Error VrHwc::getHdrCapabilities_2_3(Display /*display*/,
-                                    hidl_vec<Hdr>* /*outTypes*/,
-                                    float* outMaxLuminance,
-                                    float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
-                                    float* outMinLuminance) {
-  *outMaxLuminance = 0;
-  *outMaxAverageLuminance = 0;
-  *outMinLuminance = 0;
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerPerFrameMetadata_2_3(
-    Display display, Layer layer,
-    const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& metadata) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getPerFrameMetadataKeys_2_3(
-    Display display,
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>* outKeys) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setColorMode_2_3(Display display, ColorMode mode,
-                              RenderIntent intent) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  auto display_ptr = FindDisplay(display);
-  if (!display_ptr)
-    return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
-
-  if (mode < ColorMode::NATIVE || mode > ColorMode::DISPLAY_P3)
-    return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-
-  display_ptr->set_color_mode(mode);
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getRenderIntents_2_3(Display display, ColorMode mode,
-                                  std::vector<RenderIntent>* outIntents) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getColorModes_2_3(Display display, hidl_vec<ColorMode>* outModes) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getClientTargetSupport_2_3(Display display, uint32_t width,
-                                        uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
-                                        Dataspace dataspace) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getReadbackBufferAttributes_2_3(Display display,
-                                             PixelFormat* outFormat,
-                                             Dataspace* outDataspace) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                          std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) {
-  int error = 0;
-  auto display_client = display::DisplayClient::Create(&error);
-  if (!display_client) {
-    ALOGE("Could not connect to display service : %s(%d)", strerror(error),
-          error);
-    return Error::BAD_CONFIG;
-  }
-  auto edid_data = display_client->GetConfigurationData(
-      display::ConfigFileType::kDeviceEdid);
-  auto display_identification_port =
-      display_client->GetDisplayIdentificationPort();
-  *outPort = display_identification_port.get();
-
-  std::copy(edid_data.get().begin(), edid_data.get().end(),
-            std::back_inserter(*outData));
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                    const float* matrix) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(
-    Display display, PixelFormat& format, Dataspace& dataspace,
-    hidl_bitfield<IComposerClient::FormatColorComponent>& componentMask) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
-    Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling enable,
-    hidl_bitfield<IComposerClient::FormatColorComponent> componentMask,
-    uint64_t maxFrames) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames,
-                                       uint64_t timestamp, uint64_t& frameCount,
-                                       hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent0,
-                                       hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent1,
-                                       hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent2,
-                                       hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent3) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayCapabilities(
-    Display display,
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
-    Display display, Layer layer,
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& blobs) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::getDisplayBrightnessSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error VrHwc::setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) {
-  return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_hwc.h b/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_hwc.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e3a630..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/impl/vr_hwc.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,410 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_IMPL_VR_HWC_H
-#define ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_IMPL_VR_HWC_H
-
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <android/frameworks/vr/composer/2.0/IVrComposerClient.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.3/IComposer.h>
-#include <composer-hal/2.3/ComposerHal.h>
-#include <private/dvr/vsync_service.h>
-#include <ui/Fence.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-
-#include <mutex>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-using namespace android::frameworks::vr::composer::V2_0;
-using namespace android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0;
-using namespace android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3;
-
-using android::hardware::hidl_bitfield;
-using android::hardware::hidl_handle;
-using android::hardware::hidl_string;
-using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
-using android::hardware::Return;
-using android::hardware::Void;
-using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Config;
-using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Display;
-using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Error;
-using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Layer;
-using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient;
-
-namespace android {
-
-class Fence;
-
-namespace dvr {
-
-class VrComposerClient;
-
-using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::hal::ComposerHal;
-
-namespace types = android::hardware::graphics::common;
-
-using types::V1_1::RenderIntent;
-using types::V1_2::ColorMode;
-using types::V1_2::Dataspace;
-using types::V1_2::Hdr;
-using types::V1_2::PixelFormat;
-
-class ComposerView {
- public:
-  struct ComposerLayer {
-    using Recti = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::Rect;
-    using Rectf = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::FRect;
-    using BlendMode =
-        hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::BlendMode;
-
-    Layer id;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
-    sp<Fence> fence;
-    Recti display_frame;
-    Rectf crop;
-    BlendMode blend_mode;
-    float alpha;
-    uint32_t type;
-    uint32_t app_id;
-    uint32_t z_order;
-    int32_t cursor_x;
-    int32_t cursor_y;
-    IComposerClient::Color color;
-    int32_t dataspace;
-    int32_t transform;
-    std::vector<hwc_rect_t> visible_regions;
-    std::vector<hwc_rect_t> damaged_regions;
-  };
-
-  struct Frame {
-    Display display_id;
-    // This is set to true to notify the upper layer that the display is
-    // being removed, or left false in the case of a normal frame. The upper
-    // layer tracks display IDs and will handle new ones showing up.
-    bool removed = false;
-    int32_t display_width;
-    int32_t display_height;
-    Config active_config;
-    ColorMode color_mode;
-    IComposerClient::PowerMode power_mode;
-    IComposerClient::Vsync vsync_enabled;
-    float color_transform[16];
-    int32_t color_transform_hint;
-    std::vector<ComposerLayer> layers;
-  };
-
-  class Observer {
-   public:
-    virtual ~Observer() {}
-
-    // Returns a list of layers that need to be shown together. Layers are
-    // returned in z-order, with the lowest layer first.
-    virtual base::unique_fd OnNewFrame(const Frame& frame) = 0;
-  };
-
-  virtual ~ComposerView() {}
-
-  virtual void ForceDisplaysRefresh() = 0;
-  virtual void RegisterObserver(Observer* observer) = 0;
-  virtual void UnregisterObserver(Observer* observer) = 0;
-};
-
-struct HwcLayer {
-  using Composition =
-      hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::Composition;
-
-  explicit HwcLayer(Layer new_id) { info.id = new_id; }
-
-  void dumpDebugInfo(std::string* result) const;
-
-  Composition composition_type;
-  ComposerView::ComposerLayer info;
-  IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata buffer_metadata;
-};
-
-class HwcDisplay {
- public:
-  HwcDisplay(int32_t width, int32_t height);
-  ~HwcDisplay();
-
-  int32_t width() const { return width_; }
-  int32_t height() const { return height_; }
-
-  HwcLayer* CreateLayer();
-  bool DestroyLayer(Layer id);
-  HwcLayer* GetLayer(Layer id);
-
-  bool SetClientTarget(const native_handle_t* handle, base::unique_fd fence);
-  void SetClientTargetMetadata(
-      const IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata& metadata);
-
-  void GetChangedCompositionTypes(
-      std::vector<Layer>* layer_ids,
-      std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* composition);
-
-  Error GetFrame(std::vector<ComposerView::ComposerLayer>* out_frame);
-
-  std::vector<Layer> UpdateLastFrameAndGetLastFrameLayers();
-
-  Config active_config() const { return active_config_; }
-  void set_active_config(Config config) { active_config_ = config; }
-
-  ColorMode color_mode() const { return color_mode_; }
-  void set_color_mode(ColorMode mode) { color_mode_ = mode; }
-
-  IComposerClient::PowerMode power_mode() const { return power_mode_; }
-  void set_power_mode(IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) { power_mode_ = mode; }
-
-  bool vsync_enabled() const { return vsync_enabled_; }
-  void set_vsync_enabled(bool vsync) {vsync_enabled_ = vsync;}
-
-  const float* color_transform() const { return color_transform_; }
-  int32_t color_transform_hint() const { return color_transform_hint_; }
-  void SetColorTransform(const float* matrix, int32_t hint);
-
-  void dumpDebugInfo(std::string* result) const;
-
- private:
-  // The client target buffer and the associated fence.
-  sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer_;
-  IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata buffer_metadata_;
-  sp<Fence> fence_;
-
-  // List of currently active layers.
-  std::vector<HwcLayer> layers_;
-
-  std::vector<Layer> last_frame_layers_ids_;
-
-  // Layer ID generator.
-  uint64_t layer_ids_ = 1;
-
-  int32_t width_;
-  int32_t height_;
-
-  Config active_config_;
-  ColorMode color_mode_;
-  IComposerClient::PowerMode power_mode_;
-  bool vsync_enabled_ = false;
-  float color_transform_[16];
-  int32_t color_transform_hint_;
-
-  HwcDisplay(const HwcDisplay&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const HwcDisplay&) = delete;
-};
-
-class VrHwc : public IComposer, public ComposerHal, public ComposerView {
- public:
-  VrHwc();
-  ~VrHwc() override;
-
-  Error setLayerInfo(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t type,
-                     uint32_t appId);
-  Error setClientTargetMetadata(
-      Display display, const IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata& metadata);
-  Error setLayerBufferMetadata(
-      Display display, Layer layer,
-      const IVrComposerClient::BufferMetadata& metadata);
-
-  // composer::V2_1::ComposerHal
-  bool hasCapability(hwc2_capability_t capability) override;
-
-  std::string dumpDebugInfo() override { return {}; }
-
-  void registerEventCallback(ComposerHal::EventCallback* callback) override;
-  void unregisterEventCallback() override;
-
-  uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
-  Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
-
-  Error createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) override;
-  Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
-
-  Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) override;
-  Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
-                            IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
-                            int32_t* outValue) override;
-  Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, hidl_vec<Config>* outConfigs) override;
-  Error getDisplayName(Display display, hidl_string* outName) override;
-  Error getDisplayType(Display display,
-                       IComposerClient::DisplayType* outType) override;
-  Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
-
-  Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
-  Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) override;
-
-  Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix,
-                          int32_t hint) override;
-  Error setClientTarget(Display display, buffer_handle_t target,
-                        int32_t acquireFence, int32_t dataspace,
-                        const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& damage) override;
-  Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, buffer_handle_t buffer,
-                        int32_t releaseFence) override;
-  Error validateDisplay(
-      Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outChangedLayers,
-      std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outCompositionTypes,
-      uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outRequestedLayers,
-      std::vector<uint32_t>* outRequestMasks) override;
-  Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
-  Error presentDisplay(Display display, int32_t* outPresentFence,
-                       std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                       std::vector<int32_t>* outReleaseFences) override;
-
-  Error setLayerCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x,
-                               int32_t y) override;
-  Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, buffer_handle_t buffer,
-                       int32_t acquireFence) override;
-  Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
-                              const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& damage) override;
-  Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t mode) override;
-  Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
-                      IComposerClient::Color color) override;
-  Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                int32_t type) override;
-  Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer,
-                          int32_t dataspace) override;
-  Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
-                             const hwc_rect_t& frame) override;
-  Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) override;
-  Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
-                               buffer_handle_t stream) override;
-  Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
-                           const hwc_frect_t& crop) override;
-  Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
-                          int32_t transform) override;
-  Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
-                              const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& visible) override;
-  Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
-
-  // composer::V2_2::ComposerHal
-  Error setReadbackBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* bufferHandle,
-                          android::base::unique_fd fenceFd) override;
-  Error getReadbackBufferFence(Display display,
-                               android::base::unique_fd* outFenceFd) override;
-  Error createVirtualDisplay_2_2(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                                 types::V1_1::PixelFormat* format,
-                                 Display* outDisplay) override;
-  Error setPowerMode_2_2(Display display,
-                         IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) override;
-  Error setLayerFloatColor(Display display, Layer layer,
-                           IComposerClient::FloatColor color) override;
-  Error getRenderIntents(Display display, types::V1_1::ColorMode mode,
-                         std::vector<RenderIntent>* outIntents) override;
-  std::array<float, 16> getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(
-      types::V1_1::Dataspace dataspace) override;
-
-  // composer::V2_3::ComposerHal
-  Error getHdrCapabilities_2_3(Display display, hidl_vec<Hdr>* outTypes,
-                               float* outMaxLuminance,
-                               float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
-                               float* outMinLuminance) override;
-  Error setLayerPerFrameMetadata_2_3(
-      Display display, Layer layer,
-      const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& metadata) override;
-  Error getPerFrameMetadataKeys_2_3(
-      Display display,
-      std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>* outKeys) override;
-  Error setColorMode_2_3(Display display, ColorMode mode,
-                         RenderIntent intent) override;
-  Error getRenderIntents_2_3(Display display, ColorMode mode,
-                             std::vector<RenderIntent>* outIntents) override;
-  Error getColorModes_2_3(Display display,
-                          hidl_vec<ColorMode>* outModes) override;
-  Error getClientTargetSupport_2_3(Display display, uint32_t width,
-                                   uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
-                                   Dataspace dataspace) override;
-  Error getReadbackBufferAttributes_2_3(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
-                                        Dataspace* outDataspace) override;
-  Error getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                     std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) override;
-  Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
-                               const float* matrix) override;
-  Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(
-      Display display, PixelFormat& format, Dataspace& dataspace,
-      hidl_bitfield<IComposerClient::FormatColorComponent>& componentMask)
-      override;
-  Error setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
-      Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling enable,
-      hidl_bitfield<IComposerClient::FormatColorComponent> componentMask,
-      uint64_t maxFrames) override;
-  Error getDisplayedContentSample(
-      Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
-      uint64_t& frameCount, hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent0,
-      hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent1,
-      hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent2,
-      hidl_vec<uint64_t>& sampleComponent3) override;
-  Error getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
-                               std::vector<IComposerClient::DisplayCapability>*
-                                   outCapabilities) override;
-  Error setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
-      Display display, Layer layer,
-      std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& blobs) override;
-  Error getDisplayBrightnessSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
-  Error setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) override;
-
-  // IComposer:
-  Return<void> getCapabilities(getCapabilities_cb hidl_cb) override;
-  Return<void> dumpDebugInfo(dumpDebugInfo_cb hidl_cb) override;
-  Return<void> createClient(createClient_cb hidl_cb) override;
-  Return<void> createClient_2_3(
-      IComposer::createClient_2_3_cb hidl_cb) override;
-
-  // ComposerView:
-  void ForceDisplaysRefresh() override;
-  void RegisterObserver(Observer* observer) override;
-  void UnregisterObserver(Observer* observer) override;
-
-  Return<void> debug(const hidl_handle& fd,
-                     const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& args) override;
-
- private:
-  class VsyncCallback : public BnVsyncCallback {
-   public:
-    status_t onVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp) override;
-    void SetEventCallback(EventCallback* callback);
-   private:
-    std::mutex mutex_;
-    EventCallback* callback_;
-  };
-
-  HwcDisplay* FindDisplay(Display display);
-
-  // Re-evaluate whether or not we should start making onVsync() callbacks to
-  // the client. We need enableCallback(true) to have been called, and
-  // setVsyncEnabled() to have been called for the primary display. The caller
-  // must have mutex_ locked already.
-  void UpdateVsyncCallbackEnabledLocked();
-
-  wp<VrComposerClient> client_;
-
-  // Guard access to internal state from binder threads.
-  std::mutex mutex_;
-
-  std::unordered_map<Display, std::unique_ptr<HwcDisplay>> displays_;
-  Display display_count_ = 2;
-
-  EventCallback* event_callback_ = nullptr;
-  Observer* observer_ = nullptr;
-
-  sp<VsyncCallback> vsync_callback_;
-
-  VrHwc(const VrHwc&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const VrHwc&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_IMPL_VR_HWC_H
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/tests/vr_composer_test.cpp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/tests/vr_composer_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e70928..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/tests/vr_composer_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-#include <android/dvr/BnVrComposerCallback.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <vr_composer.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace {
-
-const char kVrDisplayName[] = "VrDisplay_Test";
-
-class TestComposerView : public ComposerView {
- public:
-  TestComposerView() {}
-  ~TestComposerView() override = default;
-
-  size_t display_refresh_count() const { return display_refresh_count_; }
-
-  void ForceDisplaysRefresh() override { display_refresh_count_++; }
-  void RegisterObserver(Observer* observer) override {}
-  void UnregisterObserver(Observer* observer) override {}
-
-  TestComposerView(const TestComposerView&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const TestComposerView&) = delete;
-
- private:
-  size_t display_refresh_count_ = 0;
-};
-
-class TestComposerCallback : public BnVrComposerCallback {
- public:
-  TestComposerCallback() {}
-  ~TestComposerCallback() override = default;
-
-  ComposerView::Frame last_frame() const { return last_frame_; }
-
-  binder::Status onNewFrame(
-      const ParcelableComposerFrame& frame,
-      ParcelableUniqueFd* /* fence */) override {
-    last_frame_ = frame.frame();
-    return binder::Status::ok();
-  }
-
- private:
-  ComposerView::Frame last_frame_;
-
-  TestComposerCallback(const TestComposerCallback&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const TestComposerCallback&) = delete;
-};
-
-class TestComposerCallbackWithFence : public TestComposerCallback {
- public:
-  ~TestComposerCallbackWithFence() override = default;
-
-  binder::Status onNewFrame(
-      const ParcelableComposerFrame& frame,
-      ParcelableUniqueFd* fence) override {
-    binder::Status status = TestComposerCallback::onNewFrame(frame, fence);
-
-    base::unique_fd fd(eventfd(0, 0));
-    EXPECT_LE(0, fd.get());
-    fence->set_fence(fd);
-
-    return status;
-  }
-};
-
-sp<GraphicBuffer> CreateBuffer() {
-  return new GraphicBuffer(600, 400, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                           GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_TEXTURE);
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-class VrComposerTest : public testing::Test {
- public:
-  VrComposerTest() : composer_(new VrComposer(&composer_view_)) {}
-  ~VrComposerTest() override = default;
-
-  sp<IVrComposer> GetComposerProxy() const {
-    sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());
-    return interface_cast<IVrComposer>(sm->getService(String16(kVrDisplayName)));
-  }
-
-  void SetUp() override {
-    sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());
-    EXPECT_EQ(OK,
-              sm->addService(String16(kVrDisplayName), composer_, false));
-  }
-
- protected:
-  TestComposerView composer_view_;
-  sp<VrComposer> composer_;
-
-  VrComposerTest(const VrComposerTest&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const VrComposerTest&) = delete;
-};
-
-TEST_F(VrComposerTest, TestWithoutObserver) {
-  sp<IVrComposer> composer = GetComposerProxy();
-  ComposerView::Frame frame;
-
-  base::unique_fd fence = composer_->OnNewFrame(frame);
-  ASSERT_EQ(-1, fence.get());
-}
-
-TEST_F(VrComposerTest, TestWithObserver) {
-  sp<IVrComposer> composer = GetComposerProxy();
-  sp<TestComposerCallback> callback = new TestComposerCallback();
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, composer_view_.display_refresh_count());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(composer->registerObserver(callback).isOk());
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, composer_view_.display_refresh_count());
-
-  ComposerView::Frame frame;
-  base::unique_fd fence = composer_->OnNewFrame(frame);
-  ASSERT_EQ(-1, fence.get());
-}
-
-TEST_F(VrComposerTest, TestWithOneLayer) {
-  sp<IVrComposer> composer = GetComposerProxy();
-  sp<TestComposerCallback> callback = new TestComposerCallbackWithFence();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(composer->registerObserver(callback).isOk());
-
-  ComposerView::Frame frame;
-  frame.display_id = 1;
-  frame.removed = false;
-  frame.display_width = 600;
-  frame.display_height = 400;
-  frame.layers.push_back(ComposerView::ComposerLayer{
-    .id = 1,
-    .buffer = CreateBuffer(),
-    .fence = new Fence(eventfd(0, 0)),
-    .display_frame = {0, 0, 600, 400},
-    .crop = {0.0f, 0.0f, 600.0f, 400.0f},
-    .blend_mode = IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE,
-    .alpha = 1.0f,
-    .type = 1,
-    .app_id = 1,
-  });
-  base::unique_fd fence = composer_->OnNewFrame(frame);
-  ASSERT_LE(0, fence.get());
-
-  ComposerView::Frame received_frame = callback->last_frame();
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.display_id, received_frame.display_id);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.display_width, received_frame.display_width);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.display_height, received_frame.display_height);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.removed, received_frame.removed);
-  ASSERT_EQ(1u, received_frame.layers.size());
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].id, received_frame.layers[0].id);
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, received_frame.layers[0].buffer.get());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(received_frame.layers[0].fence->isValid());
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].display_frame.left,
-            received_frame.layers[0].display_frame.left);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].display_frame.top,
-            received_frame.layers[0].display_frame.top);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].display_frame.right,
-            received_frame.layers[0].display_frame.right);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].display_frame.bottom,
-            received_frame.layers[0].display_frame.bottom);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].crop.left, received_frame.layers[0].crop.left);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].crop.top, received_frame.layers[0].crop.top);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].crop.right, received_frame.layers[0].crop.right);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].crop.bottom, received_frame.layers[0].crop.bottom);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].blend_mode, received_frame.layers[0].blend_mode);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].alpha, received_frame.layers[0].alpha);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].type, received_frame.layers[0].type);
-  ASSERT_EQ(frame.layers[0].app_id, received_frame.layers[0].app_id);
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/vr_composer.cpp b/services/vr/hardware_composer/vr_composer.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d93f370..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/vr_composer.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-#include "vr_composer.h"
-
-#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
-#include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-namespace {
-
-bool CheckPermission() {
-  const android::IPCThreadState* ipc = android::IPCThreadState::self();
-  const pid_t pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
-  const uid_t uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
-  const bool permission = PermissionCache::checkPermission(
-      String16("android.permission.RESTRICTED_VR_ACCESS"), pid, uid);
-  if (!permission)
-    ALOGE("permission denied to pid=%d uid=%u", pid, uid);
-
-  return permission;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-VrComposer::VrComposer(ComposerView* composer_view)
-  : composer_view_(composer_view) {
-  composer_view_->RegisterObserver(this);
-}
-
-VrComposer::~VrComposer() {
-  composer_view_->UnregisterObserver(this);
-}
-
-binder::Status VrComposer::registerObserver(
-    const sp<IVrComposerCallback>& callback) {
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-
-    if (!CheckPermission())
-      return binder::Status::fromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
-
-    if (callback_.get()) {
-      ALOGE("Failed to register callback, already registered");
-      return binder::Status::fromStatusT(ALREADY_EXISTS);
-    }
-
-    callback_ = callback;
-    IInterface::asBinder(callback_)->linkToDeath(this);
-  }
-
-  // Don't take the lock to force display refresh otherwise it could end in a
-  // deadlock since HWC calls this with new frames and it has a lock of its own
-  // to serialize access to the display information.
-  composer_view_->ForceDisplaysRefresh();
-  return binder::Status::ok();
-}
-
-binder::Status VrComposer::clearObserver() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-  callback_ = nullptr;
-  return binder::Status::ok();
-}
-
-base::unique_fd VrComposer::OnNewFrame(const ComposerView::Frame& frame) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-
-  if (!callback_.get())
-    return base::unique_fd();
-
-  ParcelableComposerFrame parcelable_frame(frame);
-  ParcelableUniqueFd fence;
-  binder::Status ret = callback_->onNewFrame(parcelable_frame, &fence);
-  if (!ret.isOk())
-    ALOGE("Failed to send new frame: %s", ret.toString8().string());
-
-  return fence.fence();
-}
-
-void VrComposer::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& /* who */) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
-
-  callback_ = nullptr;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vr/hardware_composer/vr_composer.h b/services/vr/hardware_composer/vr_composer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1273352..0000000
--- a/services/vr/hardware_composer/vr_composer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_VR_COMPOSER_H
-#define ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_VR_COMPOSER_H
-
-#include <android/dvr/BnVrComposer.h>
-#include <impl/vr_hwc.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class VrComposerCallback;
-
-// Implementation of the IVrComposer service used to notify VR Window Manager
-// when SurfaceFlinger presents 2D UI changes.
-//
-// VR HWC updates the presented frame via the ComposerView::Observer interface.
-// On notification |callback_| is called to update VR Window Manager.
-// NOTE: If VR Window Manager isn't connected, the notification is a no-op.
-class VrComposer
-    : public BnVrComposer,
-      public ComposerView::Observer,
-      public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
- public:
-  explicit VrComposer(ComposerView* composer_view);
-  ~VrComposer() override;
-
-  // BnVrComposer:
-  binder::Status registerObserver(
-      const sp<IVrComposerCallback>& callback) override;
-
-  binder::Status clearObserver() override;
-
-  // ComposerView::Observer:
-  base::unique_fd OnNewFrame(const ComposerView::Frame& frame) override;
-
- private:
-  // IBinder::DeathRecipient:
-  void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
-
-  std::mutex mutex_;
-
-  sp<IVrComposerCallback> callback_;
-
-  ComposerView* composer_view_;  // Not owned.
-
-  VrComposer(const VrComposer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const VrComposer&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  //  ANDROID_DVR_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_VR_COMPOSER_H
diff --git a/vulkan/include/vulkan/vk_android_native_buffer.h b/vulkan/include/vulkan/vk_android_native_buffer.h
index ba98696..40cf9fb 100644
--- a/vulkan/include/vulkan/vk_android_native_buffer.h
+++ b/vulkan/include/vulkan/vk_android_native_buffer.h
@@ -49,7 +49,13 @@
  * in VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR will be additionally chained to the
  * pNext chain of VkBindImageMemoryInfo and passed down to the driver.
  */
-#define VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_SPEC_VERSION 8
+/*
+ * NOTE ON VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_SPEC_VERSION 9
+ *
+ * This version of the extension is largely designed to clean up the mix of
+ * GrallocUsage and GrallocUsage2
+ */
+#define VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_SPEC_VERSION 9
 #define VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_EXTENSION_NAME "VK_ANDROID_native_buffer"
 
 #define VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_ENUM(type, id) \
@@ -61,6 +67,8 @@
     VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_ENUM(VkStructureType, 1)
 #define VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PRESENTATION_PROPERTIES_ANDROID \
     VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_ENUM(VkStructureType, 2)
+#define VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRALLOC_USAGE_INFO_ANDROID \
+    VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_ENUM(VkStructureType, 3)
 
 /* clang-format off */
 typedef enum VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagBitsANDROID {
@@ -90,6 +98,7 @@
  * format: gralloc format requested when the buffer was allocated
  * usage: gralloc usage requested when the buffer was allocated
  * usage2: gralloc usage requested when the buffer was allocated
+ * usage3: gralloc usage requested when the buffer was allocated
  */
 typedef struct {
     VkStructureType                   sType;
@@ -98,7 +107,8 @@
     int                               stride;
     int                               format;
     int                               usage; /* DEPRECATED in SPEC_VERSION 6 */
-    VkNativeBufferUsage2ANDROID       usage2; /* ADDED in SPEC_VERSION 6 */
+    VkNativeBufferUsage2ANDROID       usage2; /* DEPRECATED in SPEC_VERSION 9 */
+    uint64_t                          usage3; /* ADDED in SPEC_VERSION 9 */
 } VkNativeBufferANDROID;
 
 /*
@@ -127,6 +137,21 @@
     VkBool32                          sharedImage;
 } VkPhysicalDevicePresentationPropertiesANDROID;
 
+/*
+ * struct VkGrallocUsageInfoANDROID
+ *
+ * sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRALLOC_USAGE_INFO_ANDROID
+ * pNext: NULL or a pointer to a structure extending this structure
+ * format: value specifying the format the image will be created with
+ * imageUsage: bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits describing intended usage
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    VkStructureType                   sType;
+    const void*                       pNext;
+    VkFormat                          format;
+    VkImageUsageFlags                 imageUsage;
+} VkGrallocUsageInfoANDROID;
+
 /* DEPRECATED in SPEC_VERSION 6 */
 typedef VkResult (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID)(
     VkDevice                          device,
@@ -134,7 +159,7 @@
     VkImageUsageFlags                 imageUsage,
     int*                              grallocUsage);
 
-/* ADDED in SPEC_VERSION 6 */
+/* DEPRECATED in SPEC_VERSION 9 */
 typedef VkResult (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID)(
     VkDevice                          device,
     VkFormat                          format,
@@ -143,6 +168,12 @@
     uint64_t*                         grallocConsumerUsage,
     uint64_t*                         grallocProducerUsage);
 
+/* ADDED in SPEC_VERSION 9 */
+typedef VkResult (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID)(
+    VkDevice                          device,
+    const VkGrallocUsageInfoANDROID*  grallocUsageInfo,
+    uint64_t*                         grallocUsage);
+
 typedef VkResult (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkAcquireImageANDROID)(
     VkDevice                          device,
     VkImage                           image,
@@ -167,7 +198,7 @@
     int*                              grallocUsage
 );
 
-/* ADDED in SPEC_VERSION 6 */
+/* DEPRECATED in SPEC_VERSION 9 */
 VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID(
     VkDevice                          device,
     VkFormat                          format,
@@ -177,6 +208,13 @@
     uint64_t*                         grallocProducerUsage
 );
 
+/* ADDED in SPEC_VERSION 9 */
+VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID(
+    VkDevice                          device,
+    const VkGrallocUsageInfoANDROID*  grallocUsageInfo,
+    uint64_t*                         grallocUsage
+);
+
 VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL vkAcquireImageANDROID(
     VkDevice                          device,
     VkImage                           image,
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
index 7664518..4927150 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
@@ -1027,6 +1027,39 @@
     }
 }
 
+bool GetAndroidNativeBufferSpecVersion9Support(
+    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
+    const InstanceData& data = GetData(physicalDevice);
+
+    // Call to get propertyCount
+    uint32_t propertyCount = 0;
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("driver.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties");
+    VkResult result = data.driver.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
+        physicalDevice, nullptr, &propertyCount, nullptr);
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    // Call to enumerate properties
+    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> properties(propertyCount);
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("driver.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties");
+    result = data.driver.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
+        physicalDevice, nullptr, &propertyCount, properties.data());
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < propertyCount; i++) {
+        auto& prop = properties[i];
+
+        if (strcmp(prop.extensionName,
+                   VK_ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_EXTENSION_NAME) != 0)
+            continue;
+
+        if (prop.specVersion >= 9) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 VkResult EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
     VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
     const char* pLayerName,
@@ -1061,6 +1094,37 @@
                 VK_GOOGLE_DISPLAY_TIMING_SPEC_VERSION});
     }
 
+    // Conditionally add VK_EXT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL* if feature and ANB
+    // support is provided by the driver
+    VkPhysicalDeviceImageCompressionControlSwapchainFeaturesEXT
+        swapchainCompFeats = {};
+    swapchainCompFeats.sType =
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_SWAPCHAIN_FEATURES_EXT;
+    swapchainCompFeats.pNext = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceImageCompressionControlFeaturesEXT imageCompFeats = {};
+    imageCompFeats.sType =
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_FEATURES_EXT;
+    imageCompFeats.pNext = &swapchainCompFeats;
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 feats2 = {};
+    feats2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
+    feats2.pNext = &imageCompFeats;
+
+    GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physicalDevice, &feats2);
+
+    bool anb9 = GetAndroidNativeBufferSpecVersion9Support(physicalDevice);
+
+    if (anb9 && imageCompFeats.imageCompressionControl) {
+        loader_extensions.push_back(
+            {VK_EXT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_EXTENSION_NAME,
+             VK_EXT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_SPEC_VERSION});
+    }
+    if (anb9 && swapchainCompFeats.imageCompressionControlSwapchain) {
+        loader_extensions.push_back(
+            {VK_EXT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
+             VK_EXT_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_SWAPCHAIN_SPEC_VERSION});
+    }
+
     // enumerate our extensions first
     if (!pLayerName && pProperties) {
         uint32_t count = std::min(
@@ -1254,15 +1318,18 @@
         return VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER;
     }
 
-    // sanity check ANDROID_native_buffer implementation, whose set of
+    // Confirming ANDROID_native_buffer implementation, whose set of
     // entrypoints varies according to the spec version.
     if ((wrapper.GetHalExtensions()[ProcHook::ANDROID_native_buffer]) &&
         !data->driver.GetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID &&
-        !data->driver.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID) {
-        ALOGE("Driver's implementation of ANDROID_native_buffer is broken;"
-              " must expose at least one of "
-              "vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID or "
-              "vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID");
+        !data->driver.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID &&
+        !data->driver.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID) {
+        ALOGE(
+            "Driver's implementation of ANDROID_native_buffer is broken;"
+            " must expose at least one of "
+            "vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID or "
+            "vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID or "
+            "vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID");
 
         data->driver.DestroyDevice(dev, pAllocator);
         FreeDeviceData(data, data_allocator);
@@ -1441,10 +1508,83 @@
 
     if (driver.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2) {
         driver.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physicalDevice, pFeatures);
+    } else {
+        driver.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR(physicalDevice, pFeatures);
+    }
+
+    // Conditionally add imageCompressionControlSwapchain if
+    // imageCompressionControl is supported Check for imageCompressionControl in
+    // the pChain
+    bool imageCompressionControl = false;
+    bool imageCompressionControlInChain = false;
+    bool imageCompressionControlSwapchainInChain = false;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2* pFeats = pFeatures;
+    while (pFeats) {
+        switch (pFeats->sType) {
+            case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_FEATURES_EXT: {
+                const VkPhysicalDeviceImageCompressionControlFeaturesEXT*
+                    compressionFeat = reinterpret_cast<
+                        const VkPhysicalDeviceImageCompressionControlFeaturesEXT*>(
+                        pFeats);
+                imageCompressionControl =
+                    compressionFeat->imageCompressionControl;
+                imageCompressionControlInChain = true;
+            } break;
+
+            case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_SWAPCHAIN_FEATURES_EXT: {
+                imageCompressionControlSwapchainInChain = true;
+            } break;
+
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        pFeats = reinterpret_cast<VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2*>(pFeats->pNext);
+    }
+
+    if (!imageCompressionControlSwapchainInChain) {
         return;
     }
 
-    driver.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR(physicalDevice, pFeatures);
+    // If not in pchain, explicitly query for imageCompressionControl
+    if (!imageCompressionControlInChain) {
+        VkPhysicalDeviceImageCompressionControlFeaturesEXT imageCompFeats = {};
+        imageCompFeats.sType =
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_FEATURES_EXT;
+        imageCompFeats.pNext = nullptr;
+
+        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 feats2 = {};
+        feats2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
+        feats2.pNext = &imageCompFeats;
+
+        if (driver.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2) {
+            driver.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physicalDevice, &feats2);
+        } else {
+            driver.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR(physicalDevice, &feats2);
+        }
+
+        imageCompressionControl = imageCompFeats.imageCompressionControl;
+    }
+
+    // Only enumerate imageCompressionControlSwapchin if imageCompressionControl
+    if (imageCompressionControl) {
+        pFeats = pFeatures;
+        while (pFeats) {
+            switch (pFeats->sType) {
+                case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_SWAPCHAIN_FEATURES_EXT: {
+                    VkPhysicalDeviceImageCompressionControlSwapchainFeaturesEXT*
+                        compressionFeat = reinterpret_cast<
+                            VkPhysicalDeviceImageCompressionControlSwapchainFeaturesEXT*>(
+                            pFeats);
+                    compressionFeat->imageCompressionControlSwapchain = true;
+                } break;
+
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            pFeats =
+                reinterpret_cast<VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2*>(pFeats->pNext);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h
index 14c516b..4d2bbd6 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.h
@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@
     VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
     VkPhysicalDevicePresentationPropertiesANDROID* presentation_properties);
 
+bool GetAndroidNativeBufferSpecVersion9Support(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice);
+
 VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction GetInstanceProcAddr(VkInstance instance,
                                                   const char* pName);
 VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction GetDeviceProcAddr(VkDevice device,
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.cpp
index b436db1..de98aa7 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.cpp
@@ -496,6 +496,13 @@
         nullptr,
     },
     {
+        "vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID",
+        ProcHook::DEVICE,
+        ProcHook::ANDROID_native_buffer,
+        nullptr,
+        nullptr,
+    },
+    {
         "vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID",
         ProcHook::DEVICE,
         ProcHook::ANDROID_native_buffer,
@@ -664,6 +671,7 @@
     INIT_PROC(false, dev, GetDeviceQueue2);
     INIT_PROC_EXT(ANDROID_native_buffer, false, dev, GetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID);
     INIT_PROC_EXT(ANDROID_native_buffer, false, dev, GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID);
+    INIT_PROC_EXT(ANDROID_native_buffer, false, dev, GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID);
     INIT_PROC_EXT(ANDROID_native_buffer, true, dev, AcquireImageANDROID);
     INIT_PROC_EXT(ANDROID_native_buffer, true, dev, QueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID);
     // clang-format on
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.h b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.h
index 079f9cc..2f60086 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.h
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver_gen.h
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
     PFN_vkGetDeviceQueue2 GetDeviceQueue2;
     PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID GetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID;
     PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID;
+    PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID;
     PFN_vkAcquireImageANDROID AcquireImageANDROID;
     PFN_vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID QueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID;
     // clang-format on
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/libvulkan.map.txt b/vulkan/libvulkan/libvulkan.map.txt
index f49e8f3..b189c68 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/libvulkan.map.txt
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/libvulkan.map.txt
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@
     vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements;
     vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2; # introduced=28
     vkGetImageSubresourceLayout;
+    vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2EXT; # introduced=UpsideDownCake
     vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
     vkGetMemoryAndroidHardwareBufferANDROID; # introduced=28
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties; # introduced=28
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index 87b3a89..475bc40 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -715,6 +715,17 @@
     capabilities->minImageExtent = VkExtent2D{1, 1};
     capabilities->maxImageExtent = VkExtent2D{4096, 4096};
 
+    if (capabilities->maxImageExtent.height <
+        capabilities->currentExtent.height) {
+        capabilities->maxImageExtent.height =
+            capabilities->currentExtent.height;
+    }
+
+    if (capabilities->maxImageExtent.width <
+        capabilities->currentExtent.width) {
+        capabilities->maxImageExtent.width = capabilities->currentExtent.width;
+    }
+
     capabilities->maxImageArrayLayers = 1;
 
     capabilities->supportedTransforms = kSupportedTransforms;
@@ -743,7 +754,6 @@
 
     const InstanceData& instance_data = GetData(pdev);
 
-    bool wide_color_support = false;
     uint64_t consumer_usage = 0;
     bool colorspace_ext =
         instance_data.hook_extensions.test(ProcHook::EXT_swapchain_colorspace);
@@ -754,27 +764,15 @@
         if (!surfaceless_enabled) {
             return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
         }
-        // Support for VK_GOOGLE_surfaceless_query.  The EGL loader
-        // unconditionally supports wide color formats, even if they will cause
-        // a SurfaceFlinger fallback.  Based on that, wide_color_support will be
-        // set to true in this case.
-        wide_color_support = true;
+        // Support for VK_GOOGLE_surfaceless_query.
 
         // TODO(b/203826952): research proper value; temporarily use the
         // values seen on Pixel
         consumer_usage = AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_COMPOSER_OVERLAY;
     } else {
         Surface& surface = *SurfaceFromHandle(surface_handle);
-        int err = native_window_get_wide_color_support(surface.window.get(),
-                                                       &wide_color_support);
-        if (err) {
-            return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
-        }
-        ALOGV("wide_color_support is: %d", wide_color_support);
-
         consumer_usage = surface.consumer_usage;
     }
-    wide_color_support = wide_color_support && colorspace_ext;
 
     AHardwareBuffer_Desc desc = {};
     desc.width = 1;
@@ -796,9 +794,6 @@
             VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_COLOR_SPACE_PASS_THROUGH_EXT});
         all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
             VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_BT709_LINEAR_EXT});
-    }
-
-    if (wide_color_support) {
         all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
             VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_DISPLAY_P3_NONLINEAR_EXT});
         all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
@@ -828,8 +823,6 @@
             all_formats.emplace_back(
                 VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT,
                                    VK_COLOR_SPACE_PASS_THROUGH_EXT});
-        }
-        if (wide_color_support) {
             all_formats.emplace_back(
                 VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT,
                                    VK_COLOR_SPACE_EXTENDED_SRGB_LINEAR_EXT});
@@ -848,8 +841,6 @@
             all_formats.emplace_back(
                 VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32,
                                    VK_COLOR_SPACE_PASS_THROUGH_EXT});
-        }
-        if (wide_color_support) {
             all_formats.emplace_back(
                 VkSurfaceFormatKHR{VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32,
                                    VK_COLOR_SPACE_DISPLAY_P3_NONLINEAR_EXT});
@@ -948,11 +939,60 @@
             surface_formats.data());
 
         if (result == VK_SUCCESS || result == VK_INCOMPLETE) {
+            const auto& driver = GetData(physicalDevice).driver;
+
             // marshal results individually due to stride difference.
-            // completely ignore any chained extension structs.
             uint32_t formats_to_marshal = *pSurfaceFormatCount;
             for (uint32_t i = 0u; i < formats_to_marshal; i++) {
                 pSurfaceFormats[i].surfaceFormat = surface_formats[i];
+
+                // Query the compression properties for the surface format
+                if (pSurfaceFormats[i].pNext) {
+                    VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT* surfaceCompressionProps =
+                        reinterpret_cast<VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT*>(
+                            pSurfaceFormats[i].pNext);
+
+                    if (surfaceCompressionProps &&
+                        driver.GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2KHR) {
+                        VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 imageFormatInfo = {};
+                        imageFormatInfo.sType =
+                            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2;
+                        imageFormatInfo.format =
+                            pSurfaceFormats[i].surfaceFormat.format;
+                        imageFormatInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+
+                        VkImageCompressionControlEXT compressionControl = {};
+                        compressionControl.sType =
+                            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_EXT;
+                        compressionControl.pNext = imageFormatInfo.pNext;
+
+                        imageFormatInfo.pNext = &compressionControl;
+
+                        VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT compressionProps = {};
+                        compressionProps.sType =
+                            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_PROPERTIES_EXT;
+                        compressionProps.pNext = nullptr;
+
+                        VkImageFormatProperties2KHR imageFormatProps = {};
+                        imageFormatProps.sType =
+                            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2_KHR;
+                        imageFormatProps.pNext = &compressionProps;
+
+                        VkResult compressionRes =
+                            driver.GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2KHR(
+                                physicalDevice, &imageFormatInfo,
+                                &imageFormatProps);
+                        if (compressionRes == VK_SUCCESS) {
+                            surfaceCompressionProps->imageCompressionFlags =
+                                compressionProps.imageCompressionFlags;
+                            surfaceCompressionProps
+                                ->imageCompressionFixedRateFlags =
+                                compressionProps.imageCompressionFixedRateFlags;
+                        } else {
+                            return compressionRes;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -1370,8 +1410,48 @@
         num_images = 1;
     }
 
+    void* usage_info_pNext = nullptr;
+    VkImageCompressionControlEXT image_compression = {};
     uint64_t native_usage = 0;
-    if (dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID) {
+    if (dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID) {
+        ATRACE_BEGIN("GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID");
+        VkGrallocUsageInfoANDROID gralloc_usage_info = {};
+        gralloc_usage_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRALLOC_USAGE_INFO_ANDROID;
+        gralloc_usage_info.format = create_info->imageFormat;
+        gralloc_usage_info.imageUsage = create_info->imageUsage;
+
+        // Look through the pNext chain for an image compression control struct
+        // if one is found AND the appropriate extensions are enabled,
+        // append it to be the gralloc usage pNext chain
+        const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR* create_infos = create_info;
+        while (create_infos->pNext) {
+            create_infos = reinterpret_cast<const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR*>(
+                create_infos->pNext);
+            switch (create_infos->sType) {
+                case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_EXT: {
+                    const VkImageCompressionControlEXT* compression_infos =
+                        reinterpret_cast<const VkImageCompressionControlEXT*>(
+                            create_infos);
+                    image_compression = *compression_infos;
+                    image_compression.pNext = nullptr;
+                    usage_info_pNext = &image_compression;
+                } break;
+
+                default:
+                    // Ignore all other info structs
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        gralloc_usage_info.pNext = usage_info_pNext;
+
+        result = dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID(
+            device, &gralloc_usage_info, &native_usage);
+        ATRACE_END();
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            ALOGE("vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID failed: %d", result);
+            return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
+        }
+    } else if (dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID) {
         uint64_t consumer_usage, producer_usage;
         ATRACE_BEGIN("GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID");
         result = dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID(
@@ -1383,7 +1463,7 @@
             return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
         }
         native_usage =
-            convertGralloc1ToBufferUsage(consumer_usage, producer_usage);
+            convertGralloc1ToBufferUsage(producer_usage, consumer_usage);
     } else if (dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID) {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("GetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID");
         int32_t legacy_usage = 0;
@@ -1437,7 +1517,7 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO_ANDROID,
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
-        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .pNext = usage_info_pNext,
         .usage = swapchain_image_usage,
     };
     VkNativeBufferANDROID image_native_buffer = {
@@ -1495,6 +1575,7 @@
         android_convertGralloc0To1Usage(int(img.buffer->usage),
             &image_native_buffer.usage2.producer,
             &image_native_buffer.usage2.consumer);
+        image_native_buffer.usage3 = img.buffer->usage;
 
         ATRACE_BEGIN("CreateImage");
         result =
diff --git a/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver.cpp b/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver.cpp
index 3c91150..f998b1a 100644
--- a/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver.cpp
@@ -948,6 +948,17 @@
     return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+VkResult GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID(
+    VkDevice,
+    const VkGrallocUsageInfoANDROID* grallocUsageInfo,
+    uint64_t* grallocUsage) {
+    // The null driver never reads or writes the gralloc buffer
+    ALOGV("TODO: vk%s - grallocUsageInfo->format:%i", __FUNCTION__,
+          grallocUsageInfo->format);
+    *grallocUsage = 0;
+    return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 VkResult AcquireImageANDROID(VkDevice,
                              VkImage,
                              int fence,
diff --git a/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.cpp b/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.cpp
index f6dcf09..0cb7bd3 100644
--- a/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.cpp
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@
     {"vkGetRenderAreaGranularity", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(static_cast<PFN_vkGetRenderAreaGranularity>(GetRenderAreaGranularity))},
     {"vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(static_cast<PFN_vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue>(GetSemaphoreCounterValue))},
     {"vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(static_cast<PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID>(GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID))},
+    {"vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(static_cast<PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID>(GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID))},
     {"vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(static_cast<PFN_vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID>(GetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID))},
     {"vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(static_cast<PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges>(InvalidateMappedMemoryRanges))},
     {"vkMapMemory", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(static_cast<PFN_vkMapMemory>(MapMemory))},
diff --git a/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.h b/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.h
index 3e003e3..5c7fea0 100644
--- a/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.h
+++ b/vulkan/nulldrv/null_driver_gen.h
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
 VKAPI_ATTR void GetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport(VkDevice device, const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport* pSupport);
 VKAPI_ATTR VkResult GetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID(VkDevice device, VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags imageUsage, int* grallocUsage);
 VKAPI_ATTR VkResult GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID(VkDevice device, VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags imageUsage, VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagsANDROID swapchainImageUsage, uint64_t* grallocConsumerUsage, uint64_t* grallocProducerUsage);
+VKAPI_ATTR VkResult GetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID(VkDevice device, const VkGrallocUsageInfoANDROID* grallocUsageInfo, uint64_t* grallocUsage);
 VKAPI_ATTR VkResult AcquireImageANDROID(VkDevice device, VkImage image, int nativeFenceFd, VkSemaphore semaphore, VkFence fence);
 VKAPI_ATTR VkResult QueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID(VkQueue queue, uint32_t waitSemaphoreCount, const VkSemaphore* pWaitSemaphores, VkImage image, int* pNativeFenceFd);
 VKAPI_ATTR VkResult CreateRenderPass2(VkDevice device, const VkRenderPassCreateInfo2* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkRenderPass* pRenderPass);
diff --git a/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py b/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
index 4176509..c25c6cb 100644
--- a/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
+++ b/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 _OPTIONAL_COMMANDS = [
     'vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID',
     'vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID',
+    'vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage3ANDROID',
 ]
 
 # Dict for mapping dispatch table to a type.