diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index d24edc4..b012243 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -1841,6 +1841,11 @@
         RunCommand("DUMP VENDOR RIL LOGS", {"vril-dump"}, options.Build());
     }
 
+    /* Dump USB information */
+    RunCommand("typec_connector_class", {"typec_connector_class"},
+               CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).AsRootIfAvailable().Build());
+    RunCommand("lsusb", {"lsusb"}, CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).AsRootIfAvailable().Build());
+
     printf("========================================================\n");
     printf("== Android Framework Services\n");
     printf("========================================================\n");
diff --git a/data/etc/go_handheld_core_hardware.xml b/data/etc/go_handheld_core_hardware.xml
index 8df7fdb..a092842 100644
--- a/data/etc/go_handheld_core_hardware.xml
+++ b/data/etc/go_handheld_core_hardware.xml
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@
     <!-- Feature to specify if the device supports adding device admins. -->
     <feature name="android.software.device_admin" />
 
+    <!-- Feature to specify if the device support managed users. -->
+    <feature name="android.software.managed_users" />
+
     <!-- Devices with all optimizations required to support VR Mode and
          pass all CDD requirements for this feature may include
          android.hardware.vr.high_performance -->
diff --git a/include/android/performance_hint.h b/include/android/performance_hint.h
index 3f32a5a..3486e9b 100644
--- a/include/android/performance_hint.h
+++ b/include/android/performance_hint.h
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
  *   - DO NOT CHANGE THE LAYOUT OR SIZE OF STRUCTURES
  */
 
-#include <android/api-level.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control.h b/include/android/surface_control.h
index 8d61e77..fe38e86 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_control.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_control.h
@@ -763,6 +763,69 @@
                                                         __INTRODUCED_IN(31);
 
 /**
+ * Sets the intended frame rate for the given \a surface_control.
+ *
+ * On devices that are capable of running the display at different frame rates,
+ * the system may choose a display refresh rate to better match this surface's frame
+ * rate. Usage of this API won't introduce frame rate throttling, or affect other
+ * aspects of the application's frame production pipeline. However, because the system
+ * may change the display refresh rate, calls to this function may result in changes
+ * to Choreographer callback timings, and changes to the time interval at which the
+ * system releases buffers back to the application.
+ *
+ * You can register for changes in the refresh rate using
+ * \a AChoreographer_registerRefreshRateCallback.
+ *
+ * See ASurfaceTransaction_clearFrameRate().
+ *
+ * Available since API level 36.
+ *
+ * \param desiredMinRate The desired minimum frame rate (inclusive) for the surface, specifying that
+ * the surface prefers the device render rate to be at least `desiredMinRate`.
+ *
+ * <p>Set `desiredMinRate` = `desiredMaxRate` to indicate the surface prefers an exact frame rate.
+ *
+ * <p>Set `desiredMinRate` = 0 to indicate the surface has no preference
+ * and any frame rate is acceptable.
+ *
+ * <p>The value should be greater than or equal to 0.
+ *
+ * \param desiredMaxRate The desired maximum frame rate (inclusive) for the surface, specifying that
+ * the surface prefers the device render rate to be at most `desiredMaxRate`.
+ *
+ * <p>Set `desiredMaxRate` = `desiredMinRate` to indicate the surface prefers an exact frame rate.
+ *
+ * <p>Set `desiredMaxRate` = positive infinity to indicate the surface has no preference
+ * and any frame rate is acceptable.
+ *
+ * <p>The value should be greater than or equal to `desiredMinRate`.
+ *
+ * \param fixedSourceRate The "fixed source" frame rate of the surface if the content has an
+ * inherently fixed frame rate, e.g. a video that has a specific frame rate.
+ *
+ * <p>When the frame rate chosen for the surface is the `fixedSourceRate` or a
+ * multiple, the surface can render without frame pulldown, for optimal smoothness. For
+ * example, a 30 fps video (`fixedSourceRate`=30) renders just as smoothly on 30 fps,
+ * 60 fps, 90 fps, 120 fps, and so on.
+ *
+ * <p>Setting the fixed source rate can also be used together with a desired
+ * frame rate min and max via setting `desiredMinRate` and `desiredMaxRate`. This still
+ * means the surface's content has a fixed frame rate of `fixedSourceRate`, but additionally
+ * specifies the preference to be in the range [`desiredMinRate`, `desiredMaxRate`]. For example, an
+ * app might want to specify there is 30 fps video (`fixedSourceRate`=30) as well as a smooth
+ * animation on the same surface which looks good when drawing within a frame rate range such as
+ * [`desiredMinRate`, `desiredMaxRate`] = [60,120].
+ *
+ * \param changeFrameRateStrategy Whether display refresh rate transitions caused by this surface
+ * should be seamless. A seamless transition is one that doesn't have any visual interruptions, such
+ * as a black screen for a second or two.
+ */
+void ASurfaceTransaction_setFrameRateParams(
+        ASurfaceTransaction* _Nonnull transaction, ASurfaceControl* _Nonnull surface_control,
+        float desiredMinRate, float desiredMaxRate, float fixedSourceRate,
+        ANativeWindow_ChangeFrameRateStrategy changeFrameRateStrategy) __INTRODUCED_IN(36);
+
+/**
  * Clears the frame rate which is set for \a surface_control.
  *
  * This is equivalent to calling
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
index 125cfaf..35c40ab 100644
--- a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
@@ -21,59 +21,135 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace battery {
 
+Uint64ArrayRW::Uint64ArrayRW(const Uint64Array &copy) : Uint64Array(copy.size()) {
+    if (mSize != 0 && copy.data() != nullptr) {
+        mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+        memcpy(mData, copy.data(), mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+    } else {
+        mData = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t *Uint64ArrayRW::dataRW() {
+    if (mData == nullptr) {
+        mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+        memset(mData, 0, mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+    }
+    return mData;
+}
+
+Uint64ArrayRW &Uint64ArrayRW::operator=(const Uint64Array &t) {
+    if (t.size() != mSize) {
+        delete[] mData;
+        mSize = t.size();
+        mData = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (mSize != 0) {
+        if (t.data() != nullptr) {
+            mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+            memcpy(mData, t.data(), mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+        } else {
+            mData = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Uint64Array &v) {
+    os << "{";
+    const uint64_t *data = v.data();
+    if (data != nullptr) {
+        bool first = true;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+            if (!first) {
+                os << ", ";
+            }
+            os << data[i];
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+    os << "}";
+    return os;
+}
+
+// Convenience constructor for tests
+Uint64ArrayRW::Uint64ArrayRW(std::initializer_list<uint64_t> init) : Uint64Array(init.size()) {
+    mData = new uint64_t[mSize];
+    memcpy(mData, init.begin(), mSize * sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+// Used in tests only.
+bool Uint64Array::operator==(const Uint64Array &other) const {
+    if (size() != other.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const uint64_t* thisData = data();
+    const uint64_t* thatData = other.data();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mSize; i++) {
+        const uint64_t v1 = thisData != nullptr ? thisData[i] : 0;
+        const uint64_t v2 = thatData != nullptr ? thatData[i] : 0;
+        if (v1 != v2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 template <>
-bool LongArrayMultiStateCounter::delta(const std::vector<uint64_t>& previousValue,
-                                       const std::vector<uint64_t>& newValue,
-                                       std::vector<uint64_t>* outValue) const {
+void LongArrayMultiStateCounter::add(Uint64ArrayRW *value1, const Uint64Array &value2,
+                                     const uint64_t numerator, const uint64_t denominator) const {
+    const uint64_t* data2 = value2.data();
+    if (data2 == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t* data1 = value1->dataRW();
+    size_t size = value2.size();
+    if (numerator != denominator) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            // The caller ensures that denominator != 0
+            data1[i] += data2[i] * numerator / denominator;
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            data1[i] += data2[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<>
+bool LongArrayMultiStateCounter::delta(const Uint64ArrayRW &previousValue,
+                                       const Uint64Array &newValue, Uint64ArrayRW *outValue) const {
     size_t size = previousValue.size();
     if (newValue.size() != size) {
-        ALOGE("Incorrect array size: %d, should be %d", (int)newValue.size(), (int)size);
+        ALOGE("Incorrect array size: %d, should be %d", (int) newValue.size(), (int) size);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (outValue->size() != size) {
+        ALOGE("Incorrect outValue size: %d, should be %d", (int) outValue->size(), (int) size);
         return false;
     }
 
     bool is_delta_valid = true;
-    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        if (newValue[i] >= previousValue[i]) {
-            (*outValue)[i] = newValue[i] - previousValue[i];
-        } else {
-            (*outValue)[i] = 0;
+    const uint64_t *prevData = previousValue.data();
+    const uint64_t *newData = newValue.data();
+    uint64_t *outData = outValue->dataRW();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (prevData == nullptr) {
+            if (newData == nullptr) {
+                outData[i] = 0;
+            } else {
+                outData[i] = newData[i];
+            }
+        } else if (newData == nullptr || newData[i] < prevData[i]) {
+            outData[i] = 0;
             is_delta_valid = false;
+        } else {
+            outData[i] = newData[i] - prevData[i];
         }
     }
     return is_delta_valid;
 }
 
-template <>
-void LongArrayMultiStateCounter::add(std::vector<uint64_t>* value1,
-                                     const std::vector<uint64_t>& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
-                                     const uint64_t denominator) const {
-    if (numerator != denominator) {
-        for (int i = value2.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            // The caller ensures that denominator != 0
-            (*value1)[i] += value2[i] * numerator / denominator;
-        }
-    } else {
-        for (int i = value2.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            (*value1)[i] += value2[i];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-std::string LongArrayMultiStateCounter::valueToString(const std::vector<uint64_t>& v) const {
-    std::stringstream s;
-    s << "{";
-    bool first = true;
-    for (uint64_t n : v) {
-        if (!first) {
-            s << ", ";
-        }
-        s << n;
-        first = false;
-    }
-    s << "}";
-    return s.str();
-}
-
 } // namespace battery
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
index f3439f6..e00c968 100644
--- a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
@@ -23,7 +23,66 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace battery {
 
-typedef MultiStateCounter<std::vector<uint64_t>> LongArrayMultiStateCounter;
+/**
+ * Wrapper for an array of uint64's.
+ */
+class Uint64Array {
+  protected:
+    size_t mSize;
+
+  public:
+    Uint64Array() : Uint64Array(0) {}
+
+    Uint64Array(size_t size) : mSize(size) {}
+
+    virtual ~Uint64Array() {}
+
+    size_t size() const { return mSize; }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the wrapped array.
+     *
+     * Nullable! Null should be interpreted the same as an array of zeros
+     */
+    virtual const uint64_t *data() const { return nullptr; }
+
+    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Uint64Array &v);
+
+    // Test API
+    bool operator==(const Uint64Array &other) const;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Mutable version of Uint64Array.
+ */
+class Uint64ArrayRW: public Uint64Array {
+    uint64_t* mData;
+
+public:
+    Uint64ArrayRW() : Uint64ArrayRW(0) {}
+
+    Uint64ArrayRW(size_t size) : Uint64Array(size), mData(nullptr) {}
+
+    Uint64ArrayRW(const Uint64Array &copy);
+
+    // Need an explicit copy constructor. In the initialization context C++ does not understand that
+    // a Uint64ArrayRW is a Uint64Array.
+    Uint64ArrayRW(const Uint64ArrayRW &copy) : Uint64ArrayRW((const Uint64Array &) copy) {}
+
+    // Test API
+    Uint64ArrayRW(std::initializer_list<uint64_t> init);
+
+    ~Uint64ArrayRW() override { delete[] mData; }
+
+    const uint64_t *data() const override { return mData; }
+
+    // NonNull. Will initialize the wrapped array if it is null.
+    uint64_t *dataRW();
+
+    Uint64ArrayRW &operator=(const Uint64Array &t);
+};
+
+typedef MultiStateCounter<Uint64ArrayRW, Uint64Array> LongArrayMultiStateCounter;
 
 } // namespace battery
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
index e4e6b2a..1c74e3f 100644
--- a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
@@ -24,25 +24,25 @@
 class LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest : public testing::Test {};
 
 TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, stateChange) {
-    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, Uint64Array(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
     testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
 
     // Time was split in half between the two states, so the counts will be split 50:50 too
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(1));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, accumulation) {
-    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, Uint64Array(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
     testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 4000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({200, 300, 400, 500}), 8000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({200, 300, 400, 500}), 8000);
 
     // The first delta is split 50:50:
     //   0: {50, 100, 150, 200}
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@
     // The second delta is split 4:1
     //   0: {80, 80, 80, 80}
     //   1: {20, 20, 20, 20}
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({130, 180, 230, 280}), testCounter.getCount(0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({70, 120, 170, 220}), testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({130, 180, 230, 280}), testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Uint64ArrayRW({70, 120, 170, 220}), testCounter.getCount(1));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, toString) {
-    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, Uint64Array(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
     testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
     testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
-    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(Uint64ArrayRW({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
 
     EXPECT_STREQ("[0: {50, 100, 150, 200}, 1: {50, 100, 150, 200}] updated: 3000 currentState: 1",
                  testCounter.toString().c_str());
diff --git a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
index 04b7186..fadc4ff 100644
--- a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
+++ b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
 
 typedef uint16_t state_t;
 
-template <class T>
+template <class T, class V>
 class MultiStateCounter {
-    uint16_t stateCount;
+    const uint16_t stateCount;
+    const V emptyValue;
     state_t currentState;
     time_t lastStateChangeTimestamp;
-    T emptyValue;
     T lastValue;
     time_t lastUpdateTimestamp;
     T deltaValue;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
     State* states;
 
 public:
-    MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const T& emptyValue);
+    MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const V& emptyValue);
 
     virtual ~MultiStateCounter();
 
@@ -66,35 +66,35 @@
      * Copies the current state and accumulated times-in-state from the source. Resets
      * the accumulated value.
      */
-    void copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T>& source);
+    void copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T, V> &source);
 
-    void setValue(state_t state, const T& value);
+    void setValue(state_t state, const V& value);
 
     /**
      * Updates the value by distributing the delta from the previously set value
      * among states according to their respective time-in-state.
      * Returns the delta from the previously set value.
      */
-    const T& updateValue(const T& value, time_t timestamp);
+    const V& updateValue(const V& value, time_t timestamp);
 
     /**
      * Updates the value by distributing the specified increment among states according
      * to their respective time-in-state.
      */
-    void incrementValue(const T& increment, time_t timestamp);
+    void incrementValue(const V& increment, time_t timestamp);
 
     /**
      * Adds the specified increment to the value for the current state, without affecting
      * the last updated value or timestamp.  Ignores partial time-in-state: the entirety of
      * the increment is given to the current state.
      */
-    void addValue(const T& increment);
+    void addValue(const V& increment);
 
     void reset();
 
     uint16_t getStateCount();
 
-    const T& getCount(state_t state);
+    const V& getCount(state_t state);
 
     std::string toString();
 
@@ -104,27 +104,25 @@
      * Returns true iff the combination of previousValue and newValue is valid
      * (newValue >= prevValue)
      */
-    bool delta(const T& previousValue, const T& newValue, T* outValue) const;
+    bool delta(const T& previousValue, const V& newValue, T* outValue) const;
 
     /**
      * Adds value2 to value1 and stores the result in value1.  Denominator is
      * guaranteed to be non-zero.
      */
-    void add(T* value1, const T& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
+    void add(T* value1, const V& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
              const uint64_t denominator) const;
-
-    std::string valueToString(const T& value) const;
 };
 
 // ---------------------- MultiStateCounter Implementation -------------------------
 // Since MultiStateCounter is a template, the implementation must be inlined.
 
-template <class T>
-MultiStateCounter<T>::MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const T& emptyValue)
+template <class T, class V>
+MultiStateCounter<T, V>::MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const V& emptyValue)
       : stateCount(stateCount),
+        emptyValue(emptyValue),
         currentState(0),
         lastStateChangeTimestamp(-1),
-        emptyValue(emptyValue),
         lastValue(emptyValue),
         lastUpdateTimestamp(-1),
         deltaValue(emptyValue),
@@ -136,13 +134,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <class T>
-MultiStateCounter<T>::~MultiStateCounter() {
+template <class T, class V>
+MultiStateCounter<T, V>::~MultiStateCounter() {
     delete[] states;
 };
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::setEnabled(bool enabled, time_t timestamp) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::setEnabled(bool enabled, time_t timestamp) {
     if (enabled == isEnabled) {
         return;
     }
@@ -167,8 +165,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::setState(state_t state, time_t timestamp) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::setState(state_t state, time_t timestamp) {
     if (isEnabled && lastStateChangeTimestamp >= 0 && lastUpdateTimestamp >= 0) {
         // If the update arrived out-of-order, just push back the timestamp to
         // avoid having the situation where timeInStateSinceUpdate > timeSinceUpdate
@@ -198,8 +196,8 @@
     lastStateChangeTimestamp = timestamp;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T>& source) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::copyStatesFrom(const MultiStateCounter<T, V>& source) {
     if (stateCount != source.stateCount) {
         ALOGE("State count mismatch: %u vs. %u\n", stateCount, source.stateCount);
         return;
@@ -214,14 +212,14 @@
     lastUpdateTimestamp = source.lastUpdateTimestamp;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::setValue(state_t state, const T& value) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::setValue(state_t state, const V& value) {
     states[state].counter = value;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-const T& MultiStateCounter<T>::updateValue(const T& value, time_t timestamp) {
-    T* returnValue = &emptyValue;
+template <class T, class V>
+const V& MultiStateCounter<T, V>::updateValue(const V& value, time_t timestamp) {
+    const V* returnValue = &emptyValue;
 
     // If the counter is disabled, we ignore the update, except when the counter got disabled after
     // the previous update, in which case we still need to pick up the residual delta.
@@ -250,8 +248,8 @@
                     }
                 } else {
                     std::stringstream str;
-                    str << "updateValue is called with a value " << valueToString(value)
-                        << ", which is lower than the previous value " << valueToString(lastValue)
+                    str << "updateValue is called with a value " << value
+                        << ", which is lower than the previous value " << lastValue
                         << "\n";
                     ALOGE("%s", str.str().c_str());
 
@@ -276,23 +274,25 @@
     return *returnValue;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::incrementValue(const T& increment, time_t timestamp) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::incrementValue(const V& increment, time_t timestamp) {
+//    T newValue;
+//    newValue = lastValue; // Copy assignment, not initialization.
     T newValue = lastValue;
     add(&newValue, increment, 1 /* numerator */, 1 /* denominator */);
     updateValue(newValue, timestamp);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::addValue(const T& value) {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::addValue(const V& value) {
     if (!isEnabled) {
         return;
     }
     add(&states[currentState].counter, value, 1 /* numerator */, 1 /* denominator */);
 }
 
-template <class T>
-void MultiStateCounter<T>::reset() {
+template <class T, class V>
+void MultiStateCounter<T, V>::reset() {
     lastStateChangeTimestamp = -1;
     lastUpdateTimestamp = -1;
     for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
@@ -301,25 +301,26 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <class T>
-uint16_t MultiStateCounter<T>::getStateCount() {
+template <class T, class V>
+uint16_t MultiStateCounter<T, V>::getStateCount() {
     return stateCount;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-const T& MultiStateCounter<T>::getCount(state_t state) {
+template <class T, class V>
+const V& MultiStateCounter<T, V>::getCount(state_t state) {
     return states[state].counter;
 }
 
-template <class T>
-std::string MultiStateCounter<T>::toString() {
+template <class T, class V>
+std::string MultiStateCounter<T, V>::toString() {
     std::stringstream str;
+//    str << "LAST VALUE: " << valueToString(lastValue);
     str << "[";
     for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
         if (i != 0) {
             str << ", ";
         }
-        str << i << ": " << valueToString(states[i].counter);
+        str << i << ": " << states[i].counter;
         if (states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate > 0) {
             str << " timeInStateSinceUpdate: " << states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate;
         }
diff --git a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
index a51a38a..589b7fe 100644
--- a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace battery {
 
-typedef MultiStateCounter<double> DoubleMultiStateCounter;
+typedef MultiStateCounter<double, double> DoubleMultiStateCounter;
 
 template <>
 bool DoubleMultiStateCounter::delta(const double& previousValue, const double& newValue,
@@ -41,11 +41,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-template <>
-std::string DoubleMultiStateCounter::valueToString(const double& v) const {
-    return std::to_string(v);
-}
-
 class MultiStateCounterTest : public testing::Test {};
 
 TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, constructor) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/Android.bp b/libs/binder/Android.bp
index 6903cb5..2ef642a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/Android.bp
@@ -871,6 +871,10 @@
         symbol_file: "libbinder_rpc_unstable.map.txt",
     },
 
+    header_abi_checker: {
+        enabled: false,
+    },
+
     // This library is intentionally limited to these targets, and it will be removed later.
     // Do not expand the visibility.
     visibility: [
diff --git a/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp b/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
index 392ebb5..48c0ea6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
+++ b/libs/binder/include_rpc_unstable/binder_rpc_unstable.hpp
@@ -37,8 +37,12 @@
 // Set `cid` to VMADDR_CID_LOCAL to only bind to the local vsock interface.
 // Returns an opaque handle to the running server instance, or null if the server
 // could not be started.
+// Set |port| to VMADDR_PORT_ANY to pick an available ephemeral port.
+// |assignedPort| will be set to the assigned port number if it is not null.
+// This will be the provided |port|, or the chosen available ephemeral port when
+// |port| is VMADDR_PORT_ANY.
 [[nodiscard]] ARpcServer* ARpcServer_newVsock(AIBinder* service, unsigned int cid,
-                                              unsigned int port);
+                                              unsigned int port, unsigned int* assignedPort);
 
 // Starts a Unix domain RPC server with an open raw socket file descriptor
 // and a given root IBinder object.
diff --git a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
index 21537fc..a84a0c6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/libbinder_rpc_unstable.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@
 extern "C" {
 
 #ifndef __TRUSTY__
-ARpcServer* ARpcServer_newVsock(AIBinder* service, unsigned int cid, unsigned int port) {
+ARpcServer* ARpcServer_newVsock(AIBinder* service, unsigned int cid, unsigned int port,
+                                unsigned int* assignedPort) {
     auto server = RpcServer::make();
 
     unsigned int bindCid = VMADDR_CID_ANY; // bind to the remote interface
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@
         cid = VMADDR_CID_ANY;       // no need for a connection filter
     }
 
-    if (status_t status = server->setupVsockServer(bindCid, port); status != OK) {
+    if (status_t status = server->setupVsockServer(bindCid, port, assignedPort); status != OK) {
         ALOGE("Failed to set up vsock server with port %u error: %s", port,
               statusToString(status).c_str());
         return nullptr;
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/binder_rpc.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/binder_rpc.cpp
index 886eb4b..53ab68e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/binder_rpc.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/binder_rpc.cpp
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@
 };
 
 ABinderRpc_AccessorProvider* ABinderRpc_registerAccessorProvider(
-        ABinderRpc_AccessorProvider_getAccessorCallback provider, const char** instances,
-        size_t numInstances, void* data,
+        ABinderRpc_AccessorProvider_getAccessorCallback provider,
+        const char* const* const instances, size_t numInstances, void* data,
         ABinderRpc_AccessorProviderUserData_deleteCallback onDelete) {
     if (provider == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("Null provider passed to ABinderRpc_registerAccessorProvider");
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_rpc.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_rpc.h
index 66667d3..7d54e2d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_rpc.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_platform/android/binder_rpc.h
@@ -144,8 +144,9 @@
  */
 ABinderRpc_AccessorProvider* _Nullable ABinderRpc_registerAccessorProvider(
         ABinderRpc_AccessorProvider_getAccessorCallback _Nonnull provider,
-        const char* _Nullable* _Nonnull instances, size_t numInstances, void* _Nullable data,
-        ABinderRpc_AccessorProviderUserData_deleteCallback _Nullable onDelete) __INTRODUCED_IN(36);
+        const char* _Nullable const* const _Nonnull instances, size_t numInstances,
+        void* _Nullable data, ABinderRpc_AccessorProviderUserData_deleteCallback _Nullable onDelete)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(36);
 
 /**
  * Remove an ABinderRpc_AccessorProvider from libbinder. This will remove references
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server/android.rs b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server/android.rs
index 2ab3447..74ce315 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server/android.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server/android.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 use binder::{unstable_api::AsNative, SpIBinder};
 use binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer;
 use foreign_types::{foreign_type, ForeignType, ForeignTypeRef};
-use std::ffi::CString;
+use std::ffi::{c_uint, CString};
 use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
 use std::os::unix::io::{IntoRawFd, OwnedFd};
 
@@ -42,18 +42,29 @@
     /// Creates a binder RPC server, serving the supplied binder service implementation on the given
     /// vsock port. Only connections from the given CID are accepted.
     ///
-    // Set `cid` to libc::VMADDR_CID_ANY to accept connections from any client.
-    // Set `cid` to libc::VMADDR_CID_LOCAL to only bind to the local vsock interface.
-    pub fn new_vsock(mut service: SpIBinder, cid: u32, port: u32) -> Result<RpcServer, Error> {
+    /// Set `cid` to [`libc::VMADDR_CID_ANY`] to accept connections from any client.
+    /// Set `cid` to [`libc::VMADDR_CID_LOCAL`] to only bind to the local vsock interface.
+    /// Set `port` to [`libc::VMADDR_PORT_ANY`] to pick an ephemeral port.
+    /// The assigned port is returned with RpcServer.
+    pub fn new_vsock(
+        mut service: SpIBinder,
+        cid: u32,
+        port: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(RpcServer, u32 /* assigned_port */), Error> {
         let service = service.as_native_mut();
 
+        let mut assigned_port: c_uint = 0;
         // SAFETY: Service ownership is transferring to the server and won't be valid afterward.
         // Plus the binder objects are threadsafe.
-        unsafe {
+        let server = unsafe {
             Self::checked_from_ptr(binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_newVsock(
-                service, cid, port,
-            ))
-        }
+                service,
+                cid,
+                port,
+                &mut assigned_port,
+            ))?
+        };
+        Ok((server, assigned_port as _))
     }
 
     /// Creates a binder RPC server, serving the supplied binder service implementation on the given
diff --git a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
index 49f4cba..495418b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
@@ -52,19 +52,18 @@
 namespace {
 
 #if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
-// RAII wrapper to defer arbitrary work until the Deferred instance is deleted.
-template <class F>
-class Deferred {
+template <class Mutex>
+class UnlockGuard {
 public:
-    explicit Deferred(F f) : mF{std::move(f)} {}
+    explicit UnlockGuard(Mutex& lock) : mLock{lock} { mLock.unlock(); }
 
-    ~Deferred() { mF(); }
+    ~UnlockGuard() { mLock.lock(); }
 
-    Deferred(const Deferred&) = delete;
-    Deferred& operator=(const Deferred&) = delete;
+    UnlockGuard(const UnlockGuard&) = delete;
+    UnlockGuard& operator=(const UnlockGuard&) = delete;
 
 private:
-    F mF;
+    Mutex& mLock;
 };
 #endif
 
@@ -271,9 +270,6 @@
 void BLASTBufferQueue::onFirstRef() {
     // safe default, most producers are expected to override this
     mProducer->setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(2);
-#if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
-    mBufferReleaseThread.emplace(sp<BLASTBufferQueue>::fromExisting(this));
-#endif
 }
 
 void BLASTBufferQueue::update(const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
@@ -297,11 +293,11 @@
     mSurfaceControl = surface;
     SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
     if (surfaceControlChanged) {
+#if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
+        updateBufferReleaseProducer();
+#endif
         t.setFlags(mSurfaceControl, layer_state_t::eEnableBackpressure,
                    layer_state_t::eEnableBackpressure);
-#if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
-        t.setBufferReleaseChannel(mSurfaceControl, mBufferReleaseProducer);
-#endif
         applyTransaction = true;
     }
     mTransformHint = mSurfaceControl->getTransformHint();
@@ -325,7 +321,7 @@
     }
     if (applyTransaction) {
         // All transactions on our apply token are one-way. See comment on mAppliedLastTransaction
-        t.setApplyToken(mApplyToken).apply(false, true);
+        t.setApplyToken(mApplyToken).apply(false /* synchronous */, true /* oneWay */);
     }
 }
 
@@ -419,7 +415,6 @@
                                                     stat.latchTime,
                                                     stat.frameEventStats.dequeueReadyTime);
                 }
-#if !COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
                 auto currFrameNumber = stat.frameEventStats.frameNumber;
                 std::vector<ReleaseCallbackId> staleReleases;
                 for (const auto& [key, value]: mSubmitted) {
@@ -435,7 +430,6 @@
                                                 stat.currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount,
                                                 true /* fakeRelease */);
                 }
-#endif
             } else {
                 BQA_LOGE("Failed to find matching SurfaceControl in transactionCallback");
             }
@@ -469,6 +463,9 @@
             return;
         }
         bbq->releaseBufferCallback(id, releaseFence, currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+#if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
+        bbq->drainBufferReleaseConsumer();
+#endif
     };
 }
 
@@ -535,8 +532,6 @@
                                      const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) {
     auto it = mSubmitted.find(callbackId);
     if (it == mSubmitted.end()) {
-        BQA_LOGE("ERROR: releaseBufferCallback without corresponding submitted buffer %s",
-                 callbackId.to_string().c_str());
         return;
     }
     mNumAcquired--;
@@ -646,12 +641,7 @@
                            bufferItem.mGraphicBuffer->getHeight(), bufferItem.mTransform,
                            bufferItem.mScalingMode, crop);
 
-#if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
-    ReleaseBufferCallback releaseBufferCallback =
-            applyTransaction ? nullptr : makeReleaseBufferCallbackThunk();
-#else
     auto releaseBufferCallback = makeReleaseBufferCallbackThunk();
-#endif
     sp<Fence> fence = bufferItem.mFence ? new Fence(bufferItem.mFence->dup()) : Fence::NO_FENCE;
 
     nsecs_t dequeueTime = -1;
@@ -1230,12 +1220,7 @@
         // we want to ignore it. This must be done before unlocking the BufferQueue lock to ensure
         // we don't miss an interrupt.
         bbq->mBufferReleaseReader->clearInterrupts();
-        bbq->mThreadsBlockingOnDequeue++;
-        bufferQueueLock.unlock();
-        Deferred cleanup{[&]() {
-            bufferQueueLock.lock();
-            bbq->mThreadsBlockingOnDequeue--;
-        }};
+        UnlockGuard unlockGuard{bufferQueueLock};
 
         ATRACE_FORMAT("waiting for free buffer");
         ReleaseCallbackId id;
@@ -1345,6 +1330,35 @@
 
 #if COM_ANDROID_GRAPHICS_LIBGUI_FLAGS(BUFFER_RELEASE_CHANNEL)
 
+void BLASTBufferQueue::updateBufferReleaseProducer() {
+    // SELinux policy may prevent this process from sending the BufferReleaseChannel's file
+    // descriptor to SurfaceFlinger, causing the entire transaction to be dropped. We send this
+    // transaction independently of any other updates to ensure those updates aren't lost.
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    status_t status = t.setApplyToken(mApplyToken)
+                              .setBufferReleaseChannel(mSurfaceControl, mBufferReleaseProducer)
+                              .apply(false /* synchronous */, true /* oneWay */);
+    if (status != OK) {
+        ALOGW("[%s] %s - failed to set buffer release channel on %s", mName.c_str(),
+              statusToString(status).c_str(), mSurfaceControl->getName().c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+void BLASTBufferQueue::drainBufferReleaseConsumer() {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    while (true) {
+        ReleaseCallbackId id;
+        sp<Fence> fence;
+        uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount;
+        status_t status =
+                mBufferReleaseConsumer->readReleaseFence(id, fence, maxAcquiredBufferCount);
+        if (status != OK) {
+            return;
+        }
+        releaseBufferCallback(id, fence, maxAcquiredBufferCount);
+    }
+}
+
 BLASTBufferQueue::BufferReleaseReader::BufferReleaseReader(BLASTBufferQueue& bbq) : mBbq{bbq} {
     mEpollFd = android::base::unique_fd{epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC)};
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mEpollFd.ok(),
@@ -1438,95 +1452,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-BLASTBufferQueue::BufferReleaseThread::BufferReleaseThread(const sp<BLASTBufferQueue>& bbq) {
-    android::base::unique_fd epollFd{epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC)};
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!epollFd.ok(),
-                        "Failed to create buffer release background thread epoll file descriptor. "
-                        "errno=%d message='%s'",
-                        errno, strerror(errno));
-
-    epoll_event registerEndpointFd{};
-    registerEndpointFd.events = EPOLLIN;
-    registerEndpointFd.data.fd = bbq->mBufferReleaseConsumer->getFd();
-    status_t status = epoll_ctl(epollFd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, bbq->mBufferReleaseConsumer->getFd(),
-                                &registerEndpointFd);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(status == -1,
-                        "Failed to register background thread buffer release consumer file "
-                        "descriptor with epoll. errno=%d message='%s'",
-                        errno, strerror(errno));
-
-    // EventFd is used to break the background thread's loop.
-    android::base::unique_fd eventFd{eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK)};
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!eventFd.ok(),
-                        "Failed to create background thread buffer release event file descriptor. "
-                        "errno=%d message='%s'",
-                        errno, strerror(errno));
-
-    epoll_event registerEventFd{};
-    registerEventFd.events = EPOLLIN;
-    registerEventFd.data.fd = eventFd.get();
-    status = epoll_ctl(epollFd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, eventFd.get(), &registerEventFd);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(status == -1,
-                        "Failed to register background thread event file descriptor with epoll. "
-                        "errno=%d message='%s'",
-                        errno, strerror(errno));
-
-    mEventFd = eventFd.get();
-
-    std::thread([epollFd = std::move(epollFd), eventFd = std::move(eventFd),
-                 weakBbq = wp<BLASTBufferQueue>(bbq)]() {
-        pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "BufferReleaseThread");
-        while (true) {
-            epoll_event event{};
-            int eventCount;
-            do {
-                eventCount = epoll_wait(epollFd.get(), &event, 1 /*maxevents*/, -1 /*timeout*/);
-            } while (eventCount == -1 && errno != EINTR);
-
-            if (eventCount == -1) {
-                ALOGE("epoll_wait error while waiting for buffer release in background thread. "
-                      "errno=%d message='%s'",
-                      errno, strerror(errno));
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // EventFd is used to join this thread.
-            if (event.data.fd == eventFd.get()) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            sp<BLASTBufferQueue> bbq = weakBbq.promote();
-            if (!bbq) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // If there are threads blocking on dequeue, give those threads priority for handling
-            // the release.
-            if (bbq->mThreadsBlockingOnDequeue > 0) {
-                std::this_thread::sleep_for(0ms);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            ReleaseCallbackId id;
-            sp<Fence> fence;
-            uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount;
-            status_t status = bbq->mBufferReleaseConsumer->readReleaseFence(id, fence,
-                                                                            maxAcquiredBufferCount);
-            if (status != OK) {
-                ALOGE("failed to read from buffer release consumer in background thread. errno=%d "
-                      "message='%s'",
-                      errno, strerror(errno));
-                continue;
-            }
-            bbq->releaseBufferCallback(id, fence, maxAcquiredBufferCount);
-        }
-    }).detach();
-}
-
-BLASTBufferQueue::BufferReleaseThread::~BufferReleaseThread() {
-    eventfd_write(mEventFd, 1);
-}
-
 #endif
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp
index e9c6ef3..e9cb013 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferReleaseChannel.cpp
@@ -35,35 +35,35 @@
 namespace {
 
 template <typename T>
-static void readAligned(const void*& buffer, size_t& size, T& value) {
+void readAligned(const void*& buffer, size_t& size, T& value) {
     size -= FlattenableUtils::align<alignof(T)>(buffer);
     FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, value);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-static void writeAligned(void*& buffer, size_t& size, T value) {
+void writeAligned(void*& buffer, size_t& size, T value) {
     size -= FlattenableUtils::align<alignof(T)>(buffer);
     FlattenableUtils::write(buffer, size, value);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-static void addAligned(size_t& size, T /* value */) {
+void addAligned(size_t& size, T /* value */) {
     size = FlattenableUtils::align<sizeof(T)>(size);
     size += sizeof(T);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-static inline constexpr uint32_t low32(const T n) {
+inline constexpr uint32_t low32(const T n) {
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(n));
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-static inline constexpr uint32_t high32(const T n) {
+inline constexpr uint32_t high32(const T n) {
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(n) >> 32);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-static inline constexpr T to64(const uint32_t lo, const uint32_t hi) {
+inline constexpr T to64(const uint32_t lo, const uint32_t hi) {
     return static_cast<T>(static_cast<uint64_t>(hi) << 32 | lo);
 }
 
@@ -139,19 +139,18 @@
     std::lock_guard lock{mMutex};
     Message message;
     mFlattenedBuffer.resize(message.getFlattenedSize());
-    std::array<uint8_t, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))> controlMessageBuffer;
+    std::array<uint8_t, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))> controlMessageBuffer{};
 
     iovec iov{
             .iov_base = mFlattenedBuffer.data(),
             .iov_len = mFlattenedBuffer.size(),
     };
 
-    msghdr msg{
-            .msg_iov = &iov,
-            .msg_iovlen = 1,
-            .msg_control = controlMessageBuffer.data(),
-            .msg_controllen = controlMessageBuffer.size(),
-    };
+    msghdr msg{};
+    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+    msg.msg_control = controlMessageBuffer.data();
+    msg.msg_controllen = controlMessageBuffer.size();
 
     ssize_t result;
     do {
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@
         if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) {
             return WOULD_BLOCK;
         }
-        ALOGE("Error reading release fence from socket: error %#x (%s)", errno, strerror(errno));
+        ALOGE("Error reading release fence from socket: error %d (%s)", errno, strerror(errno));
         return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -200,9 +199,9 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-int BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint::writeReleaseFence(const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId,
-                                                              const sp<Fence>& fence,
-                                                              uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount) {
+status_t BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint::writeReleaseFence(
+        const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId, const sp<Fence>& fence,
+        uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount) {
     Message message{callbackId, fence ? fence : Fence::NO_FENCE, maxAcquiredBufferCount};
     mFlattenedBuffer.resize(message.getFlattenedSize());
     int flattenedFd;
@@ -213,25 +212,22 @@
         size_t flattenedBufferSize = mFlattenedBuffer.size();
         int* flattenedFdPtr = &flattenedFd;
         size_t flattenedFdCount = 1;
-        if (status_t err = message.flatten(flattenedBufferPtr, flattenedBufferSize, flattenedFdPtr,
-                                           flattenedFdCount);
-            err != OK) {
-            ALOGE("Failed to flatten BufferReleaseChannel message.");
-            return err;
+        if (status_t status = message.flatten(flattenedBufferPtr, flattenedBufferSize,
+                                              flattenedFdPtr, flattenedFdCount);
+            status != OK) {
+            return status;
         }
     }
 
-    iovec iov{
-            .iov_base = mFlattenedBuffer.data(),
-            .iov_len = mFlattenedBuffer.size(),
-    };
+    iovec iov{};
+    iov.iov_base = mFlattenedBuffer.data();
+    iov.iov_len = mFlattenedBuffer.size();
 
-    msghdr msg{
-            .msg_iov = &iov,
-            .msg_iovlen = 1,
-    };
+    msghdr msg{};
+    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 
-    std::array<uint8_t, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))> controlMessageBuffer;
+    std::array<uint8_t, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))> controlMessageBuffer{};
     if (fence && fence->isValid()) {
         msg.msg_control = controlMessageBuffer.data();
         msg.msg_controllen = controlMessageBuffer.size();
@@ -248,7 +244,6 @@
         result = sendmsg(mFd, &msg, 0);
     } while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
     if (result == -1) {
-        ALOGD("Error writing release fence to socket: error %#x (%s)", errno, strerror(errno));
         return -errno;
     }
 
@@ -344,13 +339,6 @@
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    // Make the producer write-only
-    if (shutdown(producerFd.get(), SHUT_RD) == -1) {
-        ALOGE("[%s] Failed to shutdown reading on producer socket. errno=%d message='%s'",
-              name.c_str(), errno, strerror(errno));
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
     outConsumer = std::make_unique<ConsumerEndpoint>(name, std::move(consumerFd));
     outProducer = std::make_shared<ProducerEndpoint>(std::move(name), std::move(producerFd));
     return STATUS_OK;
diff --git a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
index 66e7ddd..e41f9bb 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
@@ -2735,8 +2735,8 @@
 
 bool Surface::waitForNextFrame(uint64_t lastFrame, nsecs_t timeout) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
-    if (mNextFrameNumber > lastFrame) {
-      return true;
+    if (mLastFrameNumber > lastFrame) {
+        return true;
     }
     return mQueueBufferCondition.waitRelative(mMutex, timeout) == OK;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index a93fc92..74097b8 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #include <ui/DisplayMode.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayState.h>
 #include <ui/DynamicDisplayInfo.h>
+#include <ui/FrameRateCategoryRate.h>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <gui/LayerStatePermissions.h>
@@ -1347,21 +1348,22 @@
     sp<IBinder> applyToken = mApplyToken ? mApplyToken : getDefaultApplyToken();
 
     sp<ISurfaceComposer> sf(ComposerService::getComposerService());
-    sf->setTransactionState(mFrameTimelineInfo, composerStates, displayStates, flags, applyToken,
-                            mInputWindowCommands, mDesiredPresentTime, mIsAutoTimestamp,
-                            mUncacheBuffers, hasListenerCallbacks, listenerCallbacks, mId,
-                            mMergedTransactionIds);
+    status_t binderStatus =
+            sf->setTransactionState(mFrameTimelineInfo, composerStates, displayStates, flags,
+                                    applyToken, mInputWindowCommands, mDesiredPresentTime,
+                                    mIsAutoTimestamp, mUncacheBuffers, hasListenerCallbacks,
+                                    listenerCallbacks, mId, mMergedTransactionIds);
     mId = generateId();
 
     // Clear the current states and flags
     clear();
 
-    if (synchronous) {
+    if (synchronous && binderStatus == OK) {
         syncCallback->wait();
     }
 
     mStatus = NO_ERROR;
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return binderStatus;
 }
 
 sp<IBinder> SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::sApplyToken = new BBinder();
@@ -1375,7 +1377,7 @@
 
 void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setDefaultApplyToken(sp<IBinder> applyToken) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{sApplyTokenMutex};
-    sApplyToken = applyToken;
+    sApplyToken = std::move(applyToken);
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::sendSurfaceFlushJankDataTransaction(
@@ -2813,6 +2815,8 @@
     outInfo->gameContentTypeSupported = ginfo.gameContentTypeSupported;
     outInfo->preferredBootDisplayMode = ginfo.preferredBootDisplayMode;
     outInfo->hasArrSupport = ginfo.hasArrSupport;
+    outInfo->frameRateCategoryRate = ui::FrameRateCategoryRate(ginfo.frameRateCategoryRate.normal,
+                                                               ginfo.frameRateCategoryRate.high);
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceComposerClient::getDynamicDisplayInfoFromId(int64_t displayId,
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/DynamicDisplayInfo.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/DynamicDisplayInfo.aidl
index 70873b0..67cc273 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/DynamicDisplayInfo.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/DynamicDisplayInfo.aidl
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.gui;
 
 import android.gui.DisplayMode;
+import android.gui.FrameRateCategoryRate;
 import android.gui.HdrCapabilities;
 
 // Information about a physical display which may change on hotplug reconnect.
@@ -46,4 +47,7 @@
 
     // Represents whether display supports ARR.
     boolean hasArrSupport;
+
+    // Represents frame rate for FrameRateCategory Normal and High.
+    FrameRateCategoryRate frameRateCategoryRate;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/FrameRateCategoryRate.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/FrameRateCategoryRate.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f302801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/FrameRateCategoryRate.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.gui;
+
+/** @hide */
+// Represents frame rate for FrameRateCategory Normal and High.
+parcelable FrameRateCategoryRate {
+    float normal;
+    float high;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
index 99c64da..8894b66 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
@@ -325,6 +325,14 @@
     std::unique_ptr<gui::BufferReleaseChannel::ConsumerEndpoint> mBufferReleaseConsumer;
     std::shared_ptr<gui::BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint> mBufferReleaseProducer;
 
+    void updateBufferReleaseProducer() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void drainBufferReleaseConsumer();
+
+    // BufferReleaseReader is used to do blocking but interruptible reads from the buffer
+    // release channel. To implement this, BufferReleaseReader owns an epoll file descriptor that
+    // is configured to wake up when either the BufferReleaseReader::ConsumerEndpoint or an eventfd
+    // becomes readable. Interrupts are necessary because a free buffer may become available for
+    // reasons other than a buffer release from the producer.
     class BufferReleaseReader {
     public:
         explicit BufferReleaseReader(BLASTBufferQueue&);
@@ -353,19 +361,6 @@
     };
 
     std::optional<BufferReleaseReader> mBufferReleaseReader;
-
-    std::atomic<int> mThreadsBlockingOnDequeue = 0;
-
-    class BufferReleaseThread {
-    public:
-        BufferReleaseThread(const sp<BLASTBufferQueue>&);
-        ~BufferReleaseThread();
-
-    private:
-        int mEventFd;
-    };
-
-    std::optional<BufferReleaseThread> mBufferReleaseThread;
 #endif
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/BufferReleaseChannel_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/BufferReleaseChannel_test.cpp
index 11d122b..74f69e1 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/BufferReleaseChannel_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/BufferReleaseChannel_test.cpp
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@
 
 // Helper function to check if two file descriptors point to the same file.
 bool is_same_file(int fd1, int fd2) {
-    struct stat stat1;
+    struct stat stat1 {};
     if (fstat(fd1, &stat1) != 0) {
         return false;
     }
-    struct stat stat2;
+    struct stat stat2 {};
     if (fstat(fd2, &stat2) != 0) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -42,7 +42,18 @@
 
 } // namespace
 
-TEST(BufferReleaseChannelTest, MessageFlattenable) {
+class BufferReleaseChannelTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    std::unique_ptr<BufferReleaseChannel::ConsumerEndpoint> mConsumer;
+    std::shared_ptr<BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint> mProducer;
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK,
+                  BufferReleaseChannel::open("BufferReleaseChannelTest"s, mConsumer, mProducer));
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(BufferReleaseChannelTest, MessageFlattenable) {
     ReleaseCallbackId releaseCallbackId{1, 2};
     sp<Fence> releaseFence = sp<Fence>::make(memfd_create("fake-fence-fd", 0));
     uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount = 5;
@@ -92,31 +103,23 @@
 
 // Verify that the BufferReleaseChannel consume returns WOULD_BLOCK when there's no message
 // available.
-TEST(BufferReleaseChannelTest, ConsumerEndpointIsNonBlocking) {
-    std::unique_ptr<BufferReleaseChannel::ConsumerEndpoint> consumer;
-    std::shared_ptr<BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint> producer;
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, BufferReleaseChannel::open("test-channel"s, consumer, producer));
-
+TEST_F(BufferReleaseChannelTest, ConsumerEndpointIsNonBlocking) {
     ReleaseCallbackId releaseCallbackId;
     sp<Fence> releaseFence;
     uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount;
     ASSERT_EQ(WOULD_BLOCK,
-              consumer->readReleaseFence(releaseCallbackId, releaseFence, maxAcquiredBufferCount));
+              mConsumer->readReleaseFence(releaseCallbackId, releaseFence, maxAcquiredBufferCount));
 }
 
 // Verify that we can write a message to the BufferReleaseChannel producer and read that message
 // using the BufferReleaseChannel consumer.
-TEST(BufferReleaseChannelTest, ProduceAndConsume) {
-    std::unique_ptr<BufferReleaseChannel::ConsumerEndpoint> consumer;
-    std::shared_ptr<BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint> producer;
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, BufferReleaseChannel::open("test-channel"s, consumer, producer));
-
+TEST_F(BufferReleaseChannelTest, ProduceAndConsume) {
     sp<Fence> fence = sp<Fence>::make(memfd_create("fake-fence-fd", 0));
 
     for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
         ReleaseCallbackId producerId{i, i + 1};
         uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount = i + 2;
-        ASSERT_EQ(OK, producer->writeReleaseFence(producerId, fence, maxAcquiredBufferCount));
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, mProducer->writeReleaseFence(producerId, fence, maxAcquiredBufferCount));
     }
 
     for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@
         sp<Fence> consumerFence;
         uint32_t maxAcquiredBufferCount;
         ASSERT_EQ(OK,
-                  consumer->readReleaseFence(consumerId, consumerFence, maxAcquiredBufferCount));
+                  mConsumer->readReleaseFence(consumerId, consumerFence, maxAcquiredBufferCount));
 
         ASSERT_EQ(expectedId, consumerId);
         ASSERT_TRUE(is_same_file(fence->get(), consumerFence->get()));
@@ -135,4 +138,16 @@
     }
 }
 
+// Verify that BufferReleaseChannel::ConsumerEndpoint's socket can't be written to.
+TEST_F(BufferReleaseChannelTest, ConsumerSocketReadOnly) {
+    uint64_t data = 0;
+    ASSERT_EQ(-1, write(mConsumer->getFd().get(), &data, sizeof(uint64_t)));
+    ASSERT_EQ(errno, EPIPE);
+}
+
+// Verify that BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint's socket can't be read from.
+TEST_F(BufferReleaseChannelTest, ProducerSocketWriteOnly) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, read(mProducer->getFd().get(), nullptr, sizeof(uint64_t)));
+}
+
 } // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
index 0e2712a..17630e3 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
                     transactionBody) {
         SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
         transactionBody(t, mSurfaceControl);
-        t.apply(true);
+        t.apply(/*synchronously=*/true);
     }
 
     virtual void showAt(int x, int y, Rect crop = Rect(0, 0, 100, 100)) {
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
         t.setAlpha(mSurfaceControl, 1);
         auto reportedListener = sp<SynchronousWindowInfosReportedListener>::make();
         t.addWindowInfosReportedListener(reportedListener);
-        t.apply();
+        t.apply(/*synchronously=*/true);
         reportedListener->wait();
     }
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
         request.timestamp = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
         request.displayId = displayId.val();
         t.setFocusedWindow(request);
-        t.apply(true);
+        t.apply(/*synchronously=*/true);
     }
 
 public:
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@
                     transactionBody) override {
         SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
         transactionBody(t, mParentSurfaceControl);
-        t.apply(true);
+        t.apply(/*synchronously=*/true);
     }
 
     void showAt(int x, int y, Rect crop = Rect(0, 0, 100, 100)) override {
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
         t.setInputWindowInfo(mSurfaceControl, mInputInfo);
         t.setCrop(mSurfaceControl, crop);
         t.setAlpha(mSurfaceControl, 1);
-        t.apply(true);
+        t.apply(/*synchronously=*/true);
     }
 
 private:
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@
                 BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE;
         sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
                 new GraphicBuffer(w, h, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usageFlags, "test");
-        Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).apply(true);
+        Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).apply(/*synchronously=*/true);
         usleep(mBufferPostDelay);
     }
 
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@
         t.setDisplayLayerStack(token, layerStack);
         t.setDisplayProjection(token, ui::ROTATION_0, {0, 0, width, height},
                                {offsetX, offsetY, offsetX + width, offsetY + height});
-        t.apply(true);
+        t.apply(/*synchronously=*/true);
 
         mVirtualDisplays.push_back(token);
     }
diff --git a/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp b/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp
index 0c2c7be..2a83919 100644
--- a/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/KeyboardClassifier.cpp
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@
                                                uint32_t deviceClasses) {
     if (mRustClassifier) {
         RustInputDeviceIdentifier rustIdentifier;
-        rustIdentifier.name = identifier.name;
-        rustIdentifier.location = identifier.location;
-        rustIdentifier.unique_id = identifier.uniqueId;
+        rustIdentifier.name = rust::String::lossy(identifier.name);
+        rustIdentifier.location = rust::String::lossy(identifier.location);
+        rustIdentifier.unique_id = rust::String::lossy(identifier.uniqueId);
         rustIdentifier.bus = identifier.bus;
         rustIdentifier.vendor = identifier.vendor;
         rustIdentifier.product = identifier.product;
         rustIdentifier.version = identifier.version;
-        rustIdentifier.descriptor = identifier.descriptor;
+        rustIdentifier.descriptor = rust::String::lossy(identifier.descriptor);
         android::input::keyboardClassifier::notifyKeyboardChanged(**mRustClassifier, deviceId,
                                                                   rustIdentifier, deviceClasses);
     } else {
diff --git a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
index 484a5df..fd77048 100644
--- a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
+++ b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
@@ -224,3 +224,10 @@
     purpose: PURPOSE_BUGFIX
   }
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "connected_displays_cursor"
+  namespace: "lse_desktop_experience"
+  description: "Allow cursor to transition across multiple connected displays"
+  bug: "362719483"
+}
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/TestEventMatchers.h b/libs/input/tests/TestEventMatchers.h
index 3589de5..290a97d 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/TestEventMatchers.h
+++ b/libs/input/tests/TestEventMatchers.h
@@ -75,12 +75,18 @@
     using is_gtest_matcher = void;
     explicit WithMotionActionMatcher(int32_t action) : mAction(action) {}
 
-    bool MatchAndExplain(const MotionEvent& event, std::ostream*) const {
-        bool matches = mAction == event.getAction();
-        if (event.getAction() == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
-            matches &= (event.getFlags() & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) != 0;
+    bool MatchAndExplain(const MotionEvent& event, testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+        if (mAction != event.getAction()) {
+            *listener << "expected " << MotionEvent::actionToString(mAction) << ", but got "
+                      << MotionEvent::actionToString(event.getAction());
+            return false;
         }
-        return matches;
+        if (event.getAction() == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL &&
+            (event.getFlags() & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) == 0) {
+            *listener << "event with CANCEL action is missing FLAG_CANCELED";
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const {
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp
index c3ac0b7..0c19ebe 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/TfLiteMotionPredictor_test.cpp
@@ -89,23 +89,23 @@
     buffers.pushSample(/*timestamp=*/1,
                        {.position = {.x = 10, .y = 10},
                         .pressure = 0,
-                        .orientation = 0,
-                        .tilt = 0.2});
+                        .tilt = 0.2,
+                        .orientation = 0});
     buffers.pushSample(/*timestamp=*/2,
                        {.position = {.x = 10, .y = 50},
                         .pressure = 0.4,
-                        .orientation = M_PI / 4,
-                        .tilt = 0.3});
+                        .tilt = 0.3,
+                        .orientation = M_PI / 4});
     buffers.pushSample(/*timestamp=*/3,
                        {.position = {.x = 30, .y = 50},
                         .pressure = 0.5,
-                        .orientation = -M_PI / 4,
-                        .tilt = 0.4});
+                        .tilt = 0.4,
+                        .orientation = -M_PI / 4});
     buffers.pushSample(/*timestamp=*/3,
                        {.position = {.x = 30, .y = 60},
                         .pressure = 0,
-                        .orientation = 0,
-                        .tilt = 0.5});
+                        .tilt = 0.5,
+                        .orientation = 0});
     buffers.copyTo(*model);
 
     const int zeroPadding = model->inputLength() - 3;
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h
index c53d11e..bd8d67a 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/native_window.h
@@ -436,14 +436,13 @@
  *
  * See ANativeWindow_setFrameRateWithChangeStrategy().
  *
- * Available since API level 34.
+ * Available since API level 31.
  *
  * \param window pointer to an ANativeWindow object.
  *
  * \return 0 for success, -EINVAL if the window value is invalid.
  */
-inline int32_t ANativeWindow_clearFrameRate(ANativeWindow* window)
-        __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_U__) {
+inline int32_t ANativeWindow_clearFrameRate(ANativeWindow* window) __INTRODUCED_IN(31) {
     return ANativeWindow_setFrameRateWithChangeStrategy(window, 0,
             ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_COMPATIBILITY_DEFAULT,
             ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ONLY_IF_SEAMLESS);
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/Android.bp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/Android.bp
index b5c56c5..9a2d4f7 100644
--- a/libs/tracing_perfetto/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/Android.bp
@@ -47,4 +47,6 @@
     ],
 
     host_supported: true,
+    // for vndbinder
+    vendor_available: true,
 }
diff --git a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp
index 9a0042a..c4f8663 100644
--- a/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp
+++ b/libs/tracing_perfetto/tracing_perfetto_internal.cpp
@@ -253,15 +253,31 @@
 void perfettoTraceAsyncBeginForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
                                        const char* trackName, uint64_t cookie) {
   PERFETTO_TE(
-      category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_BEGIN(name),
-      PERFETTO_TE_NAMED_TRACK(trackName, cookie, PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()));
+        category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_BEGIN(name),
+        PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_TRACK(
+            PerfettoTeNamedTrackUuid(trackName, cookie,
+                                     PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_CSTR(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_atrace_name_field_number,
+                trackName),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_VARINT(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_parent_uuid_field_number,
+                PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid())));
 }
 
 void perfettoTraceAsyncEndForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
                                      const char* trackName, uint64_t cookie) {
-  PERFETTO_TE(
-      category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_END(),
-      PERFETTO_TE_NAMED_TRACK(trackName, cookie, PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()));
+    PERFETTO_TE(
+        category, PERFETTO_TE_SLICE_END(),
+        PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_TRACK(
+            PerfettoTeNamedTrackUuid(trackName, cookie,
+                                     PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_CSTR(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_atrace_name_field_number,
+                trackName),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_VARINT(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_parent_uuid_field_number,
+                PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid())));
 }
 
 void perfettoTraceAsyncBegin(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category, const char* name,
@@ -281,14 +297,35 @@
 void perfettoTraceInstantForTrack(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
                                     const char* trackName, const char* name) {
   PERFETTO_TE(
-      category, PERFETTO_TE_INSTANT(name),
-      PERFETTO_TE_NAMED_TRACK(trackName, 1, PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()));
+        category, PERFETTO_TE_INSTANT(name),
+        PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_TRACK(
+            PerfettoTeNamedTrackUuid(trackName, 1,
+                                     PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_CSTR(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_atrace_name_field_number,
+                trackName),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_VARINT(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_parent_uuid_field_number,
+                PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid())));
 }
 
 void perfettoTraceCounter(const struct PerfettoTeCategory& category,
-                            [[maybe_unused]] const char* name, int64_t value) {
-  PERFETTO_TE(category, PERFETTO_TE_COUNTER(),
-              PERFETTO_TE_INT_COUNTER(value));
+                          const char* name, int64_t value) {
+  PERFETTO_TE(
+        category, PERFETTO_TE_COUNTER(),
+        PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_TRACK(
+            PerfettoTeCounterTrackUuid(name,
+                                       PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_CSTR(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_atrace_name_field_number,
+                name),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_VARINT(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_parent_uuid_field_number,
+                PerfettoTeProcessTrackUuid()),
+            PERFETTO_TE_PROTO_FIELD_BYTES(
+                perfetto_protos_TrackDescriptor_counter_field_number,
+                PERFETTO_NULL, 0)),
+        PERFETTO_TE_INT_COUNTER(value));
 }
 }  // namespace internal
 
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/DynamicDisplayInfo.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/DynamicDisplayInfo.h
index 25a2b6e..af494dc 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/DynamicDisplayInfo.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/DynamicDisplayInfo.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <ui/FrameRateCategoryRate.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #include <ui/HdrCapabilities.h>
 
@@ -55,6 +56,9 @@
     std::optional<ui::DisplayMode> getActiveDisplayMode() const;
 
     bool hasArrSupport;
+
+    // Represents frame rate for FrameRateCategory Normal and High.
+    ui::FrameRateCategoryRate frameRateCategoryRate;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::ui
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/FrameRateCategoryRate.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/FrameRateCategoryRate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c392d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/FrameRateCategoryRate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace android::ui {
+
+// Represents frame rate for FrameRateCategory Normal and High.
+class FrameRateCategoryRate {
+public:
+    FrameRateCategoryRate(float normal = 0, float high = 0) : mNormal(normal), mHigh(high) {}
+
+    float getNormal() const { return mNormal; }
+
+    float getHigh() const { return mHigh; }
+
+private:
+    float mNormal;
+    float mHigh;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::ui
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 4f9d9e4..755995c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -836,13 +836,9 @@
 }
 
 Result<void> validateWindowInfosUpdate(const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update) {
-    struct HashFunction {
-        size_t operator()(const WindowInfo& info) const { return info.id; }
-    };
-
-    std::unordered_set<WindowInfo, HashFunction> windowSet;
+    std::unordered_set<int32_t> windowIds;
     for (const WindowInfo& info : update.windowInfos) {
-        const auto [_, inserted] = windowSet.insert(info);
+        const auto [_, inserted] = windowIds.insert(info.id);
         if (!inserted) {
             return Error() << "Duplicate entry for " << info;
         }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
index 6ef4a3d..305feab 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
@@ -242,6 +242,9 @@
     // context (a.k.a. "right") clicks.
     bool touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled;
 
+    // True to use three-finger tap as a customizable shortcut; false to use it as a middle-click.
+    bool touchpadThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled;
+
     // The set of currently disabled input devices.
     std::set<int32_t> disabledDevices;
 
@@ -293,6 +296,7 @@
             touchpadTapDraggingEnabled(false),
             shouldNotifyTouchpadHardwareState(false),
             touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled(false),
+            touchpadThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled(false),
             stylusButtonMotionEventsEnabled(true),
             stylusPointerIconEnabled(false),
             mouseReverseVerticalScrollingEnabled(false),
@@ -496,6 +500,9 @@
     /* Sends the Info of gestures that happen on the touchpad. */
     virtual void notifyTouchpadGestureInfo(GestureType type, int32_t deviceId) = 0;
 
+    /* Notifies the policy that the user has performed a three-finger touchpad tap. */
+    virtual void notifyTouchpadThreeFingerTap() = 0;
+
     /* Gets the keyboard layout for a particular input device. */
     virtual std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap> getKeyboardLayoutOverlay(
             const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
index 9a36bfb..ca8266b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
@@ -375,6 +375,9 @@
         mPropertyProvider.getProperty("Button Right Click Zone Enable")
                 .setBoolValues({config.touchpadRightClickZoneEnabled});
         mTouchpadHardwareStateNotificationsEnabled = config.shouldNotifyTouchpadHardwareState;
+
+        mGestureConverter.setThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled(
+                config.touchpadThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled);
     }
     std::list<NotifyArgs> out;
     if ((!changes.any() && config.pointerCaptureRequest.isEnable()) ||
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp
index da2c683..1959423 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp
@@ -261,6 +261,14 @@
     }
 
     const uint32_t buttonsPressed = gesture.details.buttons.down;
+    const uint32_t buttonsReleased = gesture.details.buttons.up;
+
+    if (mThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled && gesture.details.buttons.is_tap &&
+        buttonsPressed == GESTURES_BUTTON_MIDDLE && buttonsReleased == GESTURES_BUTTON_MIDDLE) {
+        mReaderContext.getPolicy()->notifyTouchpadThreeFingerTap();
+        return out;
+    }
+
     bool pointerDown = isPointerDown(mButtonState) ||
             buttonsPressed &
                     (GESTURES_BUTTON_LEFT | GESTURES_BUTTON_MIDDLE | GESTURES_BUTTON_RIGHT);
@@ -291,7 +299,6 @@
     // changes: a set of buttons going down, followed by a set of buttons going up.
     mButtonState = newButtonState;
 
-    const uint32_t buttonsReleased = gesture.details.buttons.up;
     for (uint32_t button = 1; button <= GESTURES_BUTTON_FORWARD; button <<= 1) {
         if (buttonsReleased & button) {
             uint32_t actionButton = gesturesButtonToMotionEventButton(button);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h
index c9a35c1..ad40721 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@
 
     void setBoundsInLogicalDisplay(FloatRect bounds) { mBoundsInLogicalDisplay = bounds; }
 
+    void setThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled(bool enabled) {
+        mThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled = enabled;
+    }
+
     void populateMotionRanges(InputDeviceInfo& info) const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> handleGesture(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime,
@@ -101,6 +105,8 @@
     const bool mEnableFlingStop;
     const bool mEnableNoFocusChange;
 
+    bool mThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled;
+
     std::optional<ui::LogicalDisplayId> mDisplayId;
     FloatRect mBoundsInLogicalDisplay{};
     ui::Rotation mOrientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 744cf4a..600ae52 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
         "PreferStylusOverTouch_test.cpp",
         "PropertyProvider_test.cpp",
         "RotaryEncoderInputMapper_test.cpp",
+        "SensorInputMapper_test.cpp",
         "SlopController_test.cpp",
         "SwitchInputMapper_test.cpp",
         "SyncQueue_test.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp
index 7c5f350..67b1e8c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.cpp
@@ -80,6 +80,17 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(success) << "Timed out waiting for hardware state to be notified";
 }
 
+void FakeInputReaderPolicy::assertTouchpadThreeFingerTapNotified() {
+    std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+    base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+
+    const bool success =
+            mTouchpadThreeFingerTapNotified.wait_for(lock, WAIT_TIMEOUT, [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                return mTouchpadThreeFingerTapHasBeenReported;
+            });
+    ASSERT_TRUE(success) << "Timed out waiting for three-finger tap to be notified";
+}
+
 void FakeInputReaderPolicy::clearViewports() {
     mViewports.clear();
     mConfig.setDisplayViewports(mViewports);
@@ -259,6 +270,12 @@
     std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
 }
 
+void FakeInputReaderPolicy::notifyTouchpadThreeFingerTap() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    mTouchpadThreeFingerTapHasBeenReported = true;
+    mTouchpadThreeFingerTapNotified.notify_all();
+}
+
 std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap> FakeInputReaderPolicy::getKeyboardLayoutOverlay(
         const InputDeviceIdentifier&, const std::optional<KeyboardLayoutInfo>) {
     return nullptr;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h
index 3a2b4e9..42c9567 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeInputReaderPolicy.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
     void assertStylusGestureNotified(int32_t deviceId);
     void assertStylusGestureNotNotified();
     void assertTouchpadHardwareStateNotified();
+    void assertTouchpadThreeFingerTapNotified();
 
     virtual void clearViewports();
     std::optional<DisplayViewport> getDisplayViewportByUniqueId(const std::string& uniqueId) const;
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@
     void notifyTouchpadHardwareState(const SelfContainedHardwareState& schs,
                                      int32_t deviceId) override;
     void notifyTouchpadGestureInfo(GestureType type, int32_t deviceId) override;
+    void notifyTouchpadThreeFingerTap() override;
     std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap> getKeyboardLayoutOverlay(
             const InputDeviceIdentifier&, const std::optional<KeyboardLayoutInfo>) override;
     std::string getDeviceAlias(const InputDeviceIdentifier&) override;
@@ -109,6 +111,9 @@
     std::condition_variable mTouchpadHardwareStateNotified;
     std::optional<SelfContainedHardwareState> mTouchpadHardwareState GUARDED_BY(mLock){};
 
+    std::condition_variable mTouchpadThreeFingerTapNotified;
+    bool mTouchpadThreeFingerTapHasBeenReported{false};
+
     uint32_t mNextPointerCaptureSequenceNumber{0};
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/GestureConverter_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/GestureConverter_test.cpp
index 225ae0f..fad8f05 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/GestureConverter_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/GestureConverter_test.cpp
@@ -1272,6 +1272,27 @@
                               WithDisplayId(ui::LogicalDisplayId::DEFAULT)))));
 }
 
+TEST_F(GestureConverterTest, ThreeFingerTap_TriggersShortcut) {
+    InputDeviceContext deviceContext(*mDevice, EVENTHUB_ID);
+    GestureConverter converter(*mReader->getContext(), deviceContext, DEVICE_ID);
+    converter.setDisplayId(ui::LogicalDisplayId::DEFAULT);
+    converter.setThreeFingerTapShortcutEnabled(true);
+
+    Gesture flingGesture(kGestureFling, ARBITRARY_GESTURE_TIME, ARBITRARY_GESTURE_TIME, /*vx=*/0,
+                         /*vy=*/0, GESTURES_FLING_TAP_DOWN);
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args =
+            converter.handleGesture(ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, flingGesture);
+    // We don't need to check args here, since it's covered by the FlingTapDown test.
+
+    Gesture tapGesture(kGestureButtonsChange, ARBITRARY_GESTURE_TIME, ARBITRARY_GESTURE_TIME,
+                       /*down=*/GESTURES_BUTTON_MIDDLE, /*up=*/GESTURES_BUTTON_MIDDLE,
+                       /*is_tap=*/true);
+    args = converter.handleGesture(ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME, tapGesture);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(args.empty());
+    mFakePolicy->assertTouchpadThreeFingerTapNotified();
+}
+
 TEST_F(GestureConverterTest, Click) {
     // Click should produce button press/release events
     InputDeviceContext deviceContext(*mDevice, EVENTHUB_ID);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 18469e0..ee3b2a2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <MultiTouchInputMapper.h>
 #include <NotifyArgsBuilders.h>
 #include <PeripheralController.h>
-#include <SensorInputMapper.h>
 #include <SingleTouchInputMapper.h>
 #include <TestEventMatchers.h>
 #include <TestInputListener.h>
@@ -3032,159 +3031,6 @@
     mapper.assertProcessWasCalled();
 }
 
-// --- SensorInputMapperTest ---
-
-class SensorInputMapperTest : public InputMapperTest {
-protected:
-    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_MIN;
-    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_MAX;
-    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ;
-    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_FLAT;
-    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION;
-
-    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_MIN;
-    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_MAX;
-    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_FUZZ;
-    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_FLAT;
-    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION;
-
-    static const float GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT;
-    static const float DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT;
-
-    void prepareAccelAxes();
-    void prepareGyroAxes();
-    void setAccelProperties();
-    void setGyroProperties();
-    void SetUp() override { InputMapperTest::SetUp(DEVICE_CLASSES | InputDeviceClass::SENSOR); }
-};
-
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_MIN = -32768;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_MAX = 32768;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ = 16;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_FLAT = 0;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION = 8192;
-
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_MIN = -2097152;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_MAX = 2097152;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_FUZZ = 16;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_FLAT = 0;
-const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION = 1024;
-
-const float SensorInputMapperTest::GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT = 9.80665f;
-const float SensorInputMapperTest::DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT = 0.0174533f;
-
-void SensorInputMapperTest::prepareAccelAxes() {
-    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_X, ACCEL_RAW_MIN, ACCEL_RAW_MAX, ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ,
-                                   ACCEL_RAW_FLAT, ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION);
-    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_Y, ACCEL_RAW_MIN, ACCEL_RAW_MAX, ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ,
-                                   ACCEL_RAW_FLAT, ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION);
-    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_Z, ACCEL_RAW_MIN, ACCEL_RAW_MAX, ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ,
-                                   ACCEL_RAW_FLAT, ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION);
-}
-
-void SensorInputMapperTest::prepareGyroAxes() {
-    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_RX, GYRO_RAW_MIN, GYRO_RAW_MAX, GYRO_RAW_FUZZ,
-                                   GYRO_RAW_FLAT, GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION);
-    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_RY, GYRO_RAW_MIN, GYRO_RAW_MAX, GYRO_RAW_FUZZ,
-                                   GYRO_RAW_FLAT, GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION);
-    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_RZ, GYRO_RAW_MIN, GYRO_RAW_MAX, GYRO_RAW_FUZZ,
-                                   GYRO_RAW_FLAT, GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION);
-}
-
-void SensorInputMapperTest::setAccelProperties() {
-    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 0, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
-                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 0);
-    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 1, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
-                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 1);
-    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 2, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
-                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 2);
-    mFakeEventHub->setMscEvent(EVENTHUB_ID, MSC_TIMESTAMP);
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.reportingMode", "0");
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.maxDelay", "100000");
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.minDelay", "5000");
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.power", "1.5");
-}
-
-void SensorInputMapperTest::setGyroProperties() {
-    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 3, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
-                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 0);
-    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 4, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
-                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 1);
-    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 5, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
-                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 2);
-    mFakeEventHub->setMscEvent(EVENTHUB_ID, MSC_TIMESTAMP);
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.reportingMode", "0");
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.maxDelay", "100000");
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.minDelay", "5000");
-    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.power", "0.8");
-}
-
-TEST_F(SensorInputMapperTest, GetSources) {
-    SensorInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<SensorInputMapper>();
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR), mapper.getSources());
-}
-
-TEST_F(SensorInputMapperTest, ProcessAccelerometerSensor) {
-    setAccelProperties();
-    prepareAccelAxes();
-    SensorInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<SensorInputMapper>();
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mapper.enableSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
-                                    std::chrono::microseconds(10000),
-                                    std::chrono::microseconds(0)));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mFakeEventHub->isDeviceEnabled(EVENTHUB_ID));
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_X, 20000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_Y, -20000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_Z, 40000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_MSC, MSC_TIMESTAMP, 1000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-
-    NotifySensorArgs args;
-    std::vector<float> values = {20000.0f / ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION * GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT,
-                                 -20000.0f / ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION * GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT,
-                                 40000.0f / ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION * GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT};
-
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifySensorWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.deviceId, DEVICE_ID);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.sensorType, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.accuracy, InputDeviceSensorAccuracy::ACCURACY_HIGH);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.hwTimestamp, ARBITRARY_TIME);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.values, values);
-    mapper.flushSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER);
-}
-
-TEST_F(SensorInputMapperTest, ProcessGyroscopeSensor) {
-    setGyroProperties();
-    prepareGyroAxes();
-    SensorInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<SensorInputMapper>();
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mapper.enableSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
-                                    std::chrono::microseconds(10000),
-                                    std::chrono::microseconds(0)));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mFakeEventHub->isDeviceEnabled(EVENTHUB_ID));
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_RX, 20000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_RY, -20000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_RZ, 40000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_MSC, MSC_TIMESTAMP, 1000);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-
-    NotifySensorArgs args;
-    std::vector<float> values = {20000.0f / GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION * DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT,
-                                 -20000.0f / GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION * DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT,
-                                 40000.0f / GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION * DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT};
-
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifySensorWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.deviceId, DEVICE_ID);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.sensorType, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.accuracy, InputDeviceSensorAccuracy::ACCURACY_HIGH);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.hwTimestamp, ARBITRARY_TIME);
-    ASSERT_EQ(args.values, values);
-    mapper.flushSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE);
-}
-
 // --- KeyboardInputMapperTest ---
 
 class KeyboardInputMapperTest : public InputMapperTest {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/SensorInputMapper_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/SensorInputMapper_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01814a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/SensorInputMapper_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "SensorInputMapper.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <EventHub.h>
+#include <NotifyArgs.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <input/Input.h>
+#include <input/InputDevice.h>
+#include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
+
+#include "InputMapperTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class SensorInputMapperTest : public InputMapperTest {
+protected:
+    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_MIN;
+    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_MAX;
+    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ;
+    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_FLAT;
+    static const int32_t ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION;
+
+    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_MIN;
+    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_MAX;
+    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_FUZZ;
+    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_FLAT;
+    static const int32_t GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION;
+
+    static const float GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT;
+    static const float DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT;
+
+    void prepareAccelAxes();
+    void prepareGyroAxes();
+    void setAccelProperties();
+    void setGyroProperties();
+    void SetUp() override { InputMapperTest::SetUp(DEVICE_CLASSES | InputDeviceClass::SENSOR); }
+};
+
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_MIN = -32768;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_MAX = 32768;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ = 16;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_FLAT = 0;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION = 8192;
+
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_MIN = -2097152;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_MAX = 2097152;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_FUZZ = 16;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_FLAT = 0;
+const int32_t SensorInputMapperTest::GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION = 1024;
+
+const float SensorInputMapperTest::GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT = 9.80665f;
+const float SensorInputMapperTest::DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT = 0.0174533f;
+
+void SensorInputMapperTest::prepareAccelAxes() {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_X, ACCEL_RAW_MIN, ACCEL_RAW_MAX, ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ,
+                                   ACCEL_RAW_FLAT, ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_Y, ACCEL_RAW_MIN, ACCEL_RAW_MAX, ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ,
+                                   ACCEL_RAW_FLAT, ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_Z, ACCEL_RAW_MIN, ACCEL_RAW_MAX, ACCEL_RAW_FUZZ,
+                                   ACCEL_RAW_FLAT, ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION);
+}
+
+void SensorInputMapperTest::prepareGyroAxes() {
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_RX, GYRO_RAW_MIN, GYRO_RAW_MAX, GYRO_RAW_FUZZ,
+                                   GYRO_RAW_FLAT, GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_RY, GYRO_RAW_MIN, GYRO_RAW_MAX, GYRO_RAW_FUZZ,
+                                   GYRO_RAW_FLAT, GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION);
+    mFakeEventHub->addAbsoluteAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, ABS_RZ, GYRO_RAW_MIN, GYRO_RAW_MAX, GYRO_RAW_FUZZ,
+                                   GYRO_RAW_FLAT, GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION);
+}
+
+void SensorInputMapperTest::setAccelProperties() {
+    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 0, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
+                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 1, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
+                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 1);
+    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 2, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
+                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 2);
+    mFakeEventHub->setMscEvent(EVENTHUB_ID, MSC_TIMESTAMP);
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.reportingMode", "0");
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.maxDelay", "100000");
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.minDelay", "5000");
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.accelerometer.power", "1.5");
+}
+
+void SensorInputMapperTest::setGyroProperties() {
+    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 3, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
+                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 4, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
+                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 1);
+    mFakeEventHub->addSensorAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, /* absCode */ 5, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
+                                 /* sensorDataIndex */ 2);
+    mFakeEventHub->setMscEvent(EVENTHUB_ID, MSC_TIMESTAMP);
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.reportingMode", "0");
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.maxDelay", "100000");
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.minDelay", "5000");
+    addConfigurationProperty("sensor.gyroscope.power", "0.8");
+}
+
+TEST_F(SensorInputMapperTest, GetSources) {
+    SensorInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<SensorInputMapper>();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR), mapper.getSources());
+}
+
+TEST_F(SensorInputMapperTest, ProcessAccelerometerSensor) {
+    setAccelProperties();
+    prepareAccelAxes();
+    SensorInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<SensorInputMapper>();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mapper.enableSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER,
+                                    std::chrono::microseconds(10000),
+                                    std::chrono::microseconds(0)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mFakeEventHub->isDeviceEnabled(EVENTHUB_ID));
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_X, 20000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_Y, -20000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_Z, 40000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_MSC, MSC_TIMESTAMP, 1000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+
+    NotifySensorArgs args;
+    std::vector<float> values = {20000.0f / ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION * GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT,
+                                 -20000.0f / ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION * GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT,
+                                 40000.0f / ACCEL_RAW_RESOLUTION * GRAVITY_MS2_UNIT};
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifySensorWasCalled(&args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.deviceId, DEVICE_ID);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.sensorType, InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.accuracy, InputDeviceSensorAccuracy::ACCURACY_HIGH);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.hwTimestamp, ARBITRARY_TIME);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.values, values);
+    mapper.flushSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SensorInputMapperTest, ProcessGyroscopeSensor) {
+    setGyroProperties();
+    prepareGyroAxes();
+    SensorInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<SensorInputMapper>();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mapper.enableSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE,
+                                    std::chrono::microseconds(10000),
+                                    std::chrono::microseconds(0)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mFakeEventHub->isDeviceEnabled(EVENTHUB_ID));
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_RX, 20000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_RY, -20000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_ABS, ABS_RZ, 40000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_MSC, MSC_TIMESTAMP, 1000);
+    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+
+    NotifySensorArgs args;
+    std::vector<float> values = {20000.0f / GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION * DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT,
+                                 -20000.0f / GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION * DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT,
+                                 40000.0f / GYRO_RAW_RESOLUTION * DEGREE_RADIAN_UNIT};
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifySensorWasCalled(&args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.deviceId, DEVICE_ID);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.sensorType, InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.accuracy, InputDeviceSensorAccuracy::ACCURACY_HIGH);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.hwTimestamp, ARBITRARY_TIME);
+    ASSERT_EQ(args.values, values);
+    mapper.flushSensor(InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestEventMatchers.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestEventMatchers.h
index f58d8fd..7078e49 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestEventMatchers.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestEventMatchers.h
@@ -108,20 +108,33 @@
     using is_gtest_matcher = void;
     explicit WithMotionActionMatcher(int32_t action) : mAction(action) {}
 
-    bool MatchAndExplain(const NotifyMotionArgs& args, std::ostream*) const {
-        bool matches = mAction == args.action;
-        if (args.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
-            matches &= (args.flags & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) != 0;
+    bool MatchAndExplain(const NotifyMotionArgs& args,
+                         testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+        if (mAction != args.action) {
+            *listener << "expected " << MotionEvent::actionToString(mAction) << ", but got "
+                      << MotionEvent::actionToString(args.action);
+            return false;
         }
-        return matches;
+        if (args.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL &&
+            (args.flags & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) == 0) {
+            *listener << "event with CANCEL action is missing FLAG_CANCELED";
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
-    bool MatchAndExplain(const MotionEvent& event, std::ostream*) const {
-        bool matches = mAction == event.getAction();
-        if (event.getAction() == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
-            matches &= (event.getFlags() & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) != 0;
+    bool MatchAndExplain(const MotionEvent& event, testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+        if (mAction != event.getAction()) {
+            *listener << "expected " << MotionEvent::actionToString(mAction) << ", but got "
+                      << MotionEvent::actionToString(event.getAction());
+            return false;
         }
-        return matches;
+        if (event.getAction() == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL &&
+            (event.getFlags() & AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) == 0) {
+            *listener << "event with CANCEL action is missing FLAG_CANCELED";
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h
index 60c676d..a1da39a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/MapperHelpers.h
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@
     void notifyTouchpadHardwareState(const SelfContainedHardwareState& schs,
                                      int32_t deviceId) override {}
     void notifyTouchpadGestureInfo(GestureType type, int32_t deviceId) override {}
+    void notifyTouchpadThreeFingerTap() override {}
     std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap> getKeyboardLayoutOverlay(
             const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier,
             const std::optional<KeyboardLayoutInfo> layoutInfo) override {
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
index 1589c99..f5c4fc5 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode;
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig;
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag;
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::SupportInfo;
 using android::binder::Status;
 
 using namespace android;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
                 (int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, ChannelConfig* _aidl_return), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, closeSessionChannel, (int32_t tgid, int32_t uid), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getHintSessionPreferredRate, (int64_t * rate), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getSupportInfo, (SupportInfo * _aidl_return), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceVersion, (int32_t * version), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceHash, (std::string * hash), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::SpAIBinder, asBinder, (), (override));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 402a3d2..c743ea2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -201,6 +201,10 @@
     return mPowerMode != hal::PowerMode::OFF;
 }
 
+bool DisplayDevice::isRefreshable() const {
+    return mPowerMode == hal::PowerMode::DOZE || mPowerMode == hal::PowerMode::ON;
+}
+
 ui::Dataspace DisplayDevice::getCompositionDataSpace() const {
     return mCompositionDisplay->getState().dataspace;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index 3e3f558..d09a6b3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@
     hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode getPowerMode() const;
     void setPowerMode(hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode);
     bool isPoweredOn() const;
+    bool isRefreshable() const;
     void tracePowerMode();
 
     // Enables layer caching on this DisplayDevice
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index c88092b..20ba45f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -689,8 +689,20 @@
         listener->onReleaseBuffer(callbackId, fence, currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
     }
 
-    if (mBufferReleaseChannel) {
-        mBufferReleaseChannel->writeReleaseFence(callbackId, fence, currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+    if (!mBufferReleaseChannel) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    status_t status = mBufferReleaseChannel->writeReleaseFence(callbackId, fence,
+                                                               currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+    if (status != OK) {
+        int error = -status;
+        // callReleaseBufferCallback is called during Layer's destructor. In this case, it's
+        // expected to receive connection errors.
+        if (error != EPIPE && error != ECONNRESET) {
+            ALOGD("[%s] writeReleaseFence failed. error %d (%s)", getDebugName(), error,
+                  strerror(error));
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index 011fd9e..21d3396 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -353,22 +353,13 @@
                               sampledBounds.getSize(), ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, displayWeak,
                               RenderArea::Options::CAPTURE_SECURE_LAYERS);
 
-    FenceResult fenceResult;
-    if (FlagManager::getInstance().single_hop_screenshot() &&
-        mFlinger.mRenderEngine->isThreaded()) {
-        std::vector<sp<LayerFE>> layerFEs;
-        auto displayState = mFlinger.getSnapshotsFromMainThread(renderAreaBuilder,
-                                                                getLayerSnapshotsFn, layerFEs);
-        fenceResult = mFlinger.captureScreenshot(renderAreaBuilder, buffer, kRegionSampling,
-                                                 kGrayscale, kIsProtected, kAttachGainmap, nullptr,
-                                                 displayState, layerFEs)
-                              .get();
-    } else {
-        fenceResult = mFlinger.captureScreenshotLegacy(renderAreaBuilder, getLayerSnapshotsFn,
-                                                       buffer, kRegionSampling, kGrayscale,
-                                                       kIsProtected, kAttachGainmap, nullptr)
-                              .get();
-    }
+    std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>> layers;
+    auto displayState =
+            mFlinger.getSnapshotsFromMainThread(renderAreaBuilder, getLayerSnapshotsFn, layers);
+    FenceResult fenceResult =
+            mFlinger.captureScreenshot(renderAreaBuilder, buffer, kRegionSampling, kGrayscale,
+                                       kIsProtected, kAttachGainmap, nullptr, displayState, layers)
+                    .get();
     if (fenceResult.ok()) {
         fenceResult.value()->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index e385f18..7729671 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -420,6 +420,16 @@
     mCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
+void EventThread::omitVsyncDispatching(bool omitted) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    if (!mVSyncState || mVSyncState->omitted == omitted) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mVSyncState->omitted = omitted;
+    mCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
 void EventThread::onVsync(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t wakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     mLastVsyncCallbackTime = TimePoint::fromNs(vsyncTime);
@@ -521,7 +531,17 @@
         }
 
         if (mVSyncState && vsyncRequested) {
-            mState = mVSyncState->synthetic ? State::SyntheticVSync : State::VSync;
+            const bool vsyncOmitted =
+                    FlagManager::getInstance().no_vsyncs_on_screen_off() && mVSyncState->omitted;
+            if (vsyncOmitted) {
+                mState = State::Idle;
+                SFTRACE_INT("VsyncPendingScreenOn", 1);
+            } else {
+                mState = mVSyncState->synthetic ? State::SyntheticVSync : State::VSync;
+                if (FlagManager::getInstance().no_vsyncs_on_screen_off()) {
+                    SFTRACE_INT("VsyncPendingScreenOn", 0);
+                }
+            }
         } else {
             ALOGW_IF(!mVSyncState, "Ignoring VSYNC request while display is disconnected");
             mState = State::Idle;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index c3c7eb0..2daf126 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@
     // Feed clients with fake VSYNC, e.g. while the display is off.
     virtual void enableSyntheticVsync(bool) = 0;
 
+    virtual void omitVsyncDispatching(bool) = 0;
+
     virtual void onHotplugReceived(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) = 0;
 
     virtual void onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t connectionError) = 0;
@@ -165,6 +167,8 @@
 
     void enableSyntheticVsync(bool) override;
 
+    void omitVsyncDispatching(bool) override;
+
     void onHotplugReceived(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
 
     void onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t connectionError) override;
@@ -240,6 +244,9 @@
 
         // True if VSYNC should be faked, e.g. when display is off.
         bool synthetic = false;
+
+        // True if VSYNC should not be delivered to apps. Used when the display is off.
+        bool omitted = false;
     };
 
     // TODO(b/74619554): Create per-display threads waiting on respective VSYNC signals,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index eca8df2..ad067be 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -1652,9 +1652,9 @@
 FpsRange RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateCategoryRange(FrameRateCategory category) {
     switch (category) {
         case FrameRateCategory::High:
-            return FpsRange{90_Hz, 120_Hz};
+            return FpsRange{kFrameRateCategoryRateHigh, 120_Hz};
         case FrameRateCategory::Normal:
-            return FpsRange{60_Hz, 120_Hz};
+            return FpsRange{kFrameRateCategoryRateNormal, 120_Hz};
         case FrameRateCategory::Low:
             return FpsRange{48_Hz, 120_Hz};
         case FrameRateCategory::HighHint:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
index a398c01..ee3a4f7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@
     // The lowest Render Frame Rate that will ever be selected
     static constexpr Fps kMinSupportedFrameRate = 20_Hz;
 
+    // Start range for FrameRateCategory Normal and High.
+    static constexpr Fps kFrameRateCategoryRateHigh = 90_Hz;
+    static constexpr Fps kFrameRateCategoryRateNormal = 60_Hz;
+    static constexpr std::pair<Fps, Fps> kFrameRateCategoryRates = {kFrameRateCategoryRateNormal,
+                                                                    kFrameRateCategoryRateHigh};
+
     class Policy {
         static constexpr int kAllowGroupSwitchingDefault = false;
 
@@ -433,6 +439,8 @@
 
     bool isVrrDevice() const;
 
+    std::pair<Fps, Fps> getFrameRateCategoryRates() const { return kFrameRateCategoryRates; }
+
 private:
     friend struct TestableRefreshRateSelector;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index b83ff19..b8b1f59 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -405,6 +405,14 @@
     eventThreadFor(Cycle::Render).enableSyntheticVsync(enable);
 }
 
+void Scheduler::omitVsyncDispatching(bool omitted) {
+    eventThreadFor(Cycle::Render).omitVsyncDispatching(omitted);
+    // Note: If we don't couple Cycle::LastComposite event thread, there is a black screen
+    // after boot. This is most likely sysui or system_server dependency on sf instance
+    // Choreographer
+    eventThreadFor(Cycle::LastComposite).omitVsyncDispatching(omitted);
+}
+
 void Scheduler::onFrameRateOverridesChanged() {
     const auto [pacesetterId, supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent] = [this] {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index c88b563..d029488 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
     bool onDisplayModeChanged(PhysicalDisplayId, const FrameRateMode&) EXCLUDES(mPolicyLock);
 
     void enableSyntheticVsync(bool = true) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void omitVsyncDispatching(bool) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     void onHdcpLevelsChanged(Cycle, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, int32_t);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index d35a76a..311791c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
 #include <ui/DisplayStatInfo.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayState.h>
 #include <ui/DynamicDisplayInfo.h>
+#include <ui/FrameRateCategoryRate.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/HdrRenderTypeUtils.h>
 #include <ui/LayerStack.h>
@@ -1009,7 +1010,8 @@
             config.cacheUltraHDR =
                     base::GetBoolProperty("ro.surface_flinger.prime_shader_cache.ultrahdr"s, false);
             config.cacheEdgeExtension =
-                    base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.edge_extension_shader"s, true);
+                    base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.prime_shader_cache.edge_extension_shader"s,
+                                          true);
             return getRenderEngine().primeCache(config);
         });
 
@@ -1217,6 +1219,10 @@
     info->activeDisplayModeId = ftl::to_underlying(mode.modePtr->getId());
     info->renderFrameRate = mode.fps.getValue();
     info->hasArrSupport = mode.modePtr->getVrrConfig() && FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config();
+
+    const auto [normal, high] = display->refreshRateSelector().getFrameRateCategoryRates();
+    ui::FrameRateCategoryRate frameRateCategoryRate(normal.getValue(), high.getValue());
+    info->frameRateCategoryRate = frameRateCategoryRate;
     info->activeColorMode = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().colorMode;
     info->hdrCapabilities = filterOut4k30(display->getHdrCapabilities());
 
@@ -3660,6 +3666,26 @@
     return display;
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::incRefreshableDisplays() {
+    if (FlagManager::getInstance().no_vsyncs_on_screen_off()) {
+        mRefreshableDisplays++;
+        if (mRefreshableDisplays == 1) {
+            ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+            mScheduler->omitVsyncDispatching(false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::decRefreshableDisplays() {
+    if (FlagManager::getInstance().no_vsyncs_on_screen_off()) {
+        mRefreshableDisplays--;
+        if (mRefreshableDisplays == 0) {
+            ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+            mScheduler->omitVsyncDispatching(true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::processDisplayAdded(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken,
                                          const DisplayDeviceState& state) {
     ui::Size resolution(0, 0);
@@ -3751,6 +3777,10 @@
         display->adjustRefreshRate(mScheduler->getPacesetterRefreshRate());
     }
 
+    if (display->isRefreshable()) {
+        incRefreshableDisplays();
+    }
+
     mDisplays.try_emplace(displayToken, std::move(display));
 
     // For an external display, loadDisplayModes already attempted to select the same mode
@@ -3785,6 +3815,10 @@
         } else {
             mScheduler->unregisterDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(), mActiveDisplayId);
         }
+
+        if (display->isRefreshable()) {
+            decRefreshableDisplays();
+        }
     }
 
     mDisplays.erase(displayToken);
@@ -3819,6 +3853,10 @@
             if (display->isVirtual()) {
                 releaseVirtualDisplay(display->getVirtualId());
             }
+
+            if (display->isRefreshable()) {
+                decRefreshableDisplays();
+            }
         }
 
         mDisplays.erase(displayToken);
@@ -5317,7 +5355,15 @@
                      activeDisplay->isPoweredOn(),
              "Trying to change power mode on inactive display without powering off active display");
 
+    const bool couldRefresh = display->isRefreshable();
     display->setPowerMode(mode);
+    const bool canRefresh = display->isRefreshable();
+
+    if (couldRefresh && !canRefresh) {
+        decRefreshableDisplays();
+    } else if (!couldRefresh && canRefresh) {
+        incRefreshableDisplays();
+    }
 
     const auto activeMode = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr;
     if (currentMode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
@@ -7158,9 +7204,10 @@
 // typically a layer with DRM contents, or have the GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED set on the buffer.
 // A protected layer has no implication on whether it's secure, which is explicitly set by
 // application to avoid being screenshot or drawn via unsecure display.
-bool SurfaceFlinger::layersHasProtectedLayer(const std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layers) const {
+bool SurfaceFlinger::layersHasProtectedLayer(
+        const std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) const {
     bool protectedLayerFound = false;
-    for (auto& layerFE : layers) {
+    for (auto& [_, layerFE] : layers) {
         protectedLayerFound |=
                 (layerFE->mSnapshot->isVisible && layerFE->mSnapshot->hasProtectedContent);
         if (protectedLayerFound) {
@@ -7176,15 +7223,21 @@
 // risk of deadlocks.
 std::optional<SurfaceFlinger::OutputCompositionState> SurfaceFlinger::getSnapshotsFromMainThread(
         RenderAreaBuilderVariant& renderAreaBuilder, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshotsFn,
-        std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layerFEs) {
+        std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) {
     return mScheduler
-            ->schedule([=, this, &renderAreaBuilder, &layerFEs]() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
+            ->schedule([=, this, &renderAreaBuilder, &layers]() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
                 SFTRACE_NAME("getSnapshotsFromMainThread");
-                auto layers = getLayerSnapshotsFn();
-                for (auto& [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
-                    attachReleaseFenceFutureToLayer(layer, layerFE.get(), ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK);
+                layers = getLayerSnapshotsFn();
+                // Non-threaded RenderEngine eventually returns to the main thread a 2nd time
+                // to complete the screenshot. Release fences should only be added during the 2nd
+                // hop to main thread in order to avoid potential deadlocks from waiting for the
+                // the future fence to fire.
+                if (mRenderEngine->isThreaded()) {
+                    for (auto& [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
+                        attachReleaseFenceFutureToLayer(layer, layerFE.get(),
+                                                        ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK);
+                    }
                 }
-                layerFEs = extractLayerFEs(layers);
                 return getDisplayStateFromRenderAreaBuilder(renderAreaBuilder);
             })
             .get();
@@ -7205,79 +7258,41 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (FlagManager::getInstance().single_hop_screenshot() && mRenderEngine->isThreaded()) {
-        std::vector<sp<LayerFE>> layerFEs;
-        auto displayState =
-                getSnapshotsFromMainThread(renderAreaBuilder, getLayerSnapshotsFn, layerFEs);
+    std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>> layers;
+    auto displayState = getSnapshotsFromMainThread(renderAreaBuilder, getLayerSnapshotsFn, layers);
 
-        const bool supportsProtected = getRenderEngine().supportsProtectedContent();
-        bool hasProtectedLayer = false;
-        if (allowProtected && supportsProtected) {
-            hasProtectedLayer = layersHasProtectedLayer(layerFEs);
-        }
-        const bool isProtected = hasProtectedLayer && allowProtected && supportsProtected;
-        const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
-                GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE |
-                (isProtected ? GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED
-                             : GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN);
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
-                getFactory().createGraphicBuffer(bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight(),
-                                                 static_cast<android_pixel_format>(reqPixelFormat),
-                                                 1 /* layerCount */, usage, "screenshot");
-
-        const status_t bufferStatus = buffer->initCheck();
-        if (bufferStatus != OK) {
-            // Animations may end up being really janky, but don't crash here.
-            // Otherwise an irreponsible process may cause an SF crash by allocating
-            // too much.
-            ALOGE("%s: Buffer failed to allocate: %d", __func__, bufferStatus);
-            invokeScreenCaptureError(bufferStatus, captureListener);
-            return;
-        }
-        const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> texture = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture>(buffer, getRenderEngine(),
-                                                     renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::
-                                                             WRITEABLE);
-        auto futureFence = captureScreenshot(renderAreaBuilder, texture, false /* regionSampling */,
-                                             grayscale, isProtected, attachGainmap, captureListener,
-                                             displayState, layerFEs);
-        futureFence.get();
-
-    } else {
-        const bool supportsProtected = getRenderEngine().supportsProtectedContent();
-        bool hasProtectedLayer = false;
-        if (allowProtected && supportsProtected) {
-            auto layers = mScheduler->schedule([=]() { return getLayerSnapshotsFn(); }).get();
-            hasProtectedLayer = layersHasProtectedLayer(extractLayerFEs(layers));
-        }
-        const bool isProtected = hasProtectedLayer && allowProtected && supportsProtected;
-        const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
-                GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE |
-                (isProtected ? GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED
-                             : GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN);
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
-                getFactory().createGraphicBuffer(bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight(),
-                                                 static_cast<android_pixel_format>(reqPixelFormat),
-                                                 1 /* layerCount */, usage, "screenshot");
-
-        const status_t bufferStatus = buffer->initCheck();
-        if (bufferStatus != OK) {
-            // Animations may end up being really janky, but don't crash here.
-            // Otherwise an irreponsible process may cause an SF crash by allocating
-            // too much.
-            ALOGE("%s: Buffer failed to allocate: %d", __func__, bufferStatus);
-            invokeScreenCaptureError(bufferStatus, captureListener);
-            return;
-        }
-        const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> texture = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture>(buffer, getRenderEngine(),
-                                                     renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::
-                                                             WRITEABLE);
-        auto futureFence = captureScreenshotLegacy(renderAreaBuilder, getLayerSnapshotsFn, texture,
-                                                   false /* regionSampling */, grayscale,
-                                                   isProtected, attachGainmap, captureListener);
-        futureFence.get();
+    const bool supportsProtected = getRenderEngine().supportsProtectedContent();
+    bool hasProtectedLayer = false;
+    if (allowProtected && supportsProtected) {
+        hasProtectedLayer = layersHasProtectedLayer(layers);
     }
+    const bool isProtected = hasProtectedLayer && allowProtected && supportsProtected;
+    const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
+            GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE |
+            (isProtected ? GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED
+                         : GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN);
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
+            getFactory().createGraphicBuffer(bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight(),
+                                             static_cast<android_pixel_format>(reqPixelFormat),
+                                             1 /* layerCount */, usage, "screenshot");
+
+    const status_t bufferStatus = buffer->initCheck();
+    if (bufferStatus != OK) {
+        // Animations may end up being really janky, but don't crash here.
+        // Otherwise an irreponsible process may cause an SF crash by allocating
+        // too much.
+        ALOGE("%s: Buffer failed to allocate: %d", __func__, bufferStatus);
+        invokeScreenCaptureError(bufferStatus, captureListener);
+        return;
+    }
+    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> texture = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture>(buffer, getRenderEngine(),
+                                                 renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::
+                                                         WRITEABLE);
+    auto futureFence =
+            captureScreenshot(renderAreaBuilder, texture, false /* regionSampling */, grayscale,
+                              isProtected, attachGainmap, captureListener, displayState, layers);
+    futureFence.get();
 }
 
 std::optional<SurfaceFlinger::OutputCompositionState>
@@ -7316,22 +7331,13 @@
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-std::vector<sp<LayerFE>> SurfaceFlinger::extractLayerFEs(
-        const std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) const {
-    std::vector<sp<LayerFE>> layerFEs;
-    layerFEs.reserve(layers.size());
-    for (const auto& [_, layerFE] : layers) {
-        layerFEs.push_back(layerFE);
-    }
-    return layerFEs;
-}
-
 ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenshot(
         const RenderAreaBuilderVariant& renderAreaBuilder,
         const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
         bool grayscale, bool isProtected, bool attachGainmap,
         const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener,
-        std::optional<OutputCompositionState>& displayState, std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layerFEs) {
+        std::optional<OutputCompositionState>& displayState,
+        std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) {
     SFTRACE_CALL();
 
     ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
@@ -7350,11 +7356,9 @@
     float displayBrightnessNits = displayState.value().displayBrightnessNits;
     float sdrWhitePointNits = displayState.value().sdrWhitePointNits;
 
-    // Empty vector needed to pass into renderScreenImpl for legacy path
-    std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<android::LayerFE>>> layers;
     ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> renderFuture =
             renderScreenImpl(renderArea.get(), buffer, regionSampling, grayscale, isProtected,
-                             attachGainmap, captureResults, displayState, layers, layerFEs);
+                             captureResults, displayState, layers);
 
     if (captureResults.capturedHdrLayers && attachGainmap &&
         FlagManager::getInstance().true_hdr_screenshots()) {
@@ -7389,8 +7393,7 @@
             ScreenCaptureResults unusedResults;
             ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> hdrRenderFuture =
                     renderScreenImpl(renderArea.get(), hdrTexture, regionSampling, grayscale,
-                                     isProtected, attachGainmap, unusedResults, displayState,
-                                     layers, layerFEs);
+                                     isProtected, unusedResults, displayState, layers);
 
             renderFuture =
                     ftl::Future(std::move(renderFuture))
@@ -7436,75 +7439,14 @@
     return renderFuture;
 }
 
-ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenshotLegacy(
-        RenderAreaBuilderVariant renderAreaBuilder, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshotsFn,
-        const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
-        bool grayscale, bool isProtected, bool attachGainmap,
-        const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
-    SFTRACE_CALL();
-
-    auto takeScreenshotFn = [=, this, renderAreaBuilder = std::move(renderAreaBuilder)]() REQUIRES(
-                                    kMainThreadContext) mutable -> ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> {
-        auto layers = getLayerSnapshotsFn();
-        for (auto& [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
-            attachReleaseFenceFutureToLayer(layer, layerFE.get(), ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK);
-        }
-        auto displayState = getDisplayStateFromRenderAreaBuilder(renderAreaBuilder);
-
-        ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
-        std::unique_ptr<const RenderArea> renderArea =
-                std::visit([](auto&& arg) -> std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> { return arg.build(); },
-                           renderAreaBuilder);
-
-        if (!renderArea) {
-            ALOGW("Skipping screen capture because of invalid render area.");
-            if (captureListener) {
-                captureResults.fenceResult = base::unexpected(NO_MEMORY);
-                captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-            }
-            return ftl::yield<FenceResult>(base::unexpected(NO_ERROR)).share();
-        }
-
-        auto layerFEs = extractLayerFEs(layers);
-        ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> renderFuture =
-                renderScreenImpl(renderArea.get(), buffer, regionSampling, grayscale, isProtected,
-                                 attachGainmap, captureResults, displayState, layers, layerFEs);
-
-        if (captureListener) {
-            // Defer blocking on renderFuture back to the Binder thread.
-            return ftl::Future(std::move(renderFuture))
-                    .then([captureListener, captureResults = std::move(captureResults)](
-                                  FenceResult fenceResult) mutable -> FenceResult {
-                        captureResults.fenceResult = std::move(fenceResult);
-                        captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-                        return base::unexpected(NO_ERROR);
-                    })
-                    .share();
-        }
-        return renderFuture;
-    };
-
-    // TODO(b/294936197): Run takeScreenshotsFn() in a binder thread to reduce the number
-    // of calls on the main thread.
-    auto future =
-            mScheduler->schedule(FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext, std::move(takeScreenshotFn)));
-
-    // Flatten nested futures.
-    auto chain = ftl::Future(std::move(future)).then([](ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> future) {
-        return future;
-    });
-
-    return chain.share();
-}
-
 ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImpl(
         const RenderArea* renderArea, const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-        bool regionSampling, bool grayscale, bool isProtected, bool attachGainmap,
-        ScreenCaptureResults& captureResults, std::optional<OutputCompositionState>& displayState,
-        std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers, std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layerFEs) {
+        bool regionSampling, bool grayscale, bool isProtected, ScreenCaptureResults& captureResults,
+        std::optional<OutputCompositionState>& displayState,
+        std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) {
     SFTRACE_CALL();
 
-    for (auto& layerFE : layerFEs) {
+    for (auto& [_, layerFE] : layers) {
         frontend::LayerSnapshot* snapshot = layerFE->mSnapshot.get();
         captureResults.capturedSecureLayers |= (snapshot->isVisible && snapshot->isSecure);
         captureResults.capturedHdrLayers |= isHdrLayer(*snapshot);
@@ -7563,29 +7505,32 @@
     captureResults.buffer = capturedBuffer->getBuffer();
 
     ui::LayerStack layerStack{ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK};
-    if (!layerFEs.empty()) {
-        const sp<LayerFE>& layerFE = layerFEs.back();
+    if (!layers.empty()) {
+        const sp<LayerFE>& layerFE = layers.back().second;
         layerStack = layerFE->getCompositionState()->outputFilter.layerStack;
     }
 
-    auto copyLayerFEs = [&layerFEs]() {
-        std::vector<sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>> ceLayerFEs;
-        ceLayerFEs.reserve(layerFEs.size());
-        for (const auto& layerFE : layerFEs) {
-            ceLayerFEs.push_back(layerFE);
-        }
-        return ceLayerFEs;
-    };
-
     auto present = [this, buffer = capturedBuffer, dataspace = captureResults.capturedDataspace,
                     sdrWhitePointNits, displayBrightnessNits, grayscale, isProtected,
-                    layerFEs = copyLayerFEs(), layerStack, regionSampling,
+                    layers = std::move(layers), layerStack, regionSampling,
                     renderArea = std::move(renderArea), renderIntent,
                     enableLocalTonemapping]() -> FenceResult {
         std::unique_ptr<compositionengine::CompositionEngine> compositionEngine =
                 mFactory.createCompositionEngine();
         compositionEngine->setRenderEngine(mRenderEngine.get());
 
+        std::vector<sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>> layerFEs;
+        layerFEs.reserve(layers.size());
+        for (auto& [layer, layerFE] : layers) {
+            // Release fences were not yet added for non-threaded render engine. To avoid
+            // deadlocks between main thread and binder threads waiting for the future fence
+            // result, fences should be added to layers in the same hop onto the main thread.
+            if (!mRenderEngine->isThreaded()) {
+                attachReleaseFenceFutureToLayer(layer, layerFE.get(), ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK);
+            }
+            layerFEs.push_back(layerFE);
+        }
+
         compositionengine::Output::ColorProfile colorProfile{.dataspace = dataspace,
                                                              .renderIntent = renderIntent};
 
@@ -7643,13 +7588,9 @@
     //
     // TODO(b/196334700) Once we use RenderEngineThreaded everywhere we can always defer the call
     // to CompositionEngine::present.
-    ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> presentFuture;
-    if (FlagManager::getInstance().single_hop_screenshot() && mRenderEngine->isThreaded()) {
-        presentFuture = ftl::yield(present()).share();
-    } else {
-        presentFuture = mRenderEngine->isThreaded() ? ftl::defer(std::move(present)).share()
-                                                    : ftl::yield(present()).share();
-    }
+    ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> presentFuture = mRenderEngine->isThreaded()
+            ? ftl::yield(present()).share()
+            : mScheduler->schedule(std::move(present)).share();
 
     return presentFuture;
 }
@@ -8601,6 +8542,9 @@
     outInfo->activeDisplayModeId = info.activeDisplayModeId;
     outInfo->renderFrameRate = info.renderFrameRate;
     outInfo->hasArrSupport = info.hasArrSupport;
+    gui::FrameRateCategoryRate& frameRateCategoryRate = outInfo->frameRateCategoryRate;
+    frameRateCategoryRate.normal = info.frameRateCategoryRate.getNormal();
+    frameRateCategoryRate.high = info.frameRateCategoryRate.getHigh();
 
     outInfo->supportedColorModes.clear();
     outInfo->supportedColorModes.reserve(info.supportedColorModes.size());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 31218ed..c96dc6f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -851,13 +851,14 @@
     void attachReleaseFenceFutureToLayer(Layer* layer, LayerFE* layerFE, ui::LayerStack layerStack);
 
     // Checks if a protected layer exists in a list of layers.
-    bool layersHasProtectedLayer(const std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layers) const;
+    bool layersHasProtectedLayer(const std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) const;
 
     using OutputCompositionState = compositionengine::impl::OutputCompositionState;
 
     std::optional<OutputCompositionState> getSnapshotsFromMainThread(
             RenderAreaBuilderVariant& renderAreaBuilder,
-            GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshotsFn, std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layerFEs);
+            GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshotsFn,
+            std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers);
 
     void captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaBuilderVariant, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction,
                              ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat, bool allowProtected,
@@ -866,32 +867,19 @@
     std::optional<OutputCompositionState> getDisplayStateFromRenderAreaBuilder(
             RenderAreaBuilderVariant& renderAreaBuilder) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
-    // Legacy layer raw pointer is not safe to access outside the main thread.
-    // Creates a new vector consisting only of LayerFEs, which can be safely
-    // accessed outside the main thread.
-    std::vector<sp<LayerFE>> extractLayerFEs(
-            const std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers) const;
-
     ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> captureScreenshot(
             const RenderAreaBuilderVariant& renderAreaBuilder,
             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
             bool grayscale, bool isProtected, bool attachGainmap,
             const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener,
             std::optional<OutputCompositionState>& displayState,
-            std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layerFEs);
-
-    ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> captureScreenshotLegacy(
-            RenderAreaBuilderVariant, GetLayerSnapshotsFunction,
-            const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, bool regionSampling,
-            bool grayscale, bool isProtected, bool attachGainmap,
-            const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+            std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers);
 
     ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> renderScreenImpl(
             const RenderArea*, const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-            bool regionSampling, bool grayscale, bool isProtected, bool attachGainmap,
-            ScreenCaptureResults&, std::optional<OutputCompositionState>& displayState,
-            std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers,
-            std::vector<sp<LayerFE>>& layerFEs);
+            bool regionSampling, bool grayscale, bool isProtected, ScreenCaptureResults&,
+            std::optional<OutputCompositionState>& displayState,
+            std::vector<std::pair<Layer*, sp<LayerFE>>>& layers);
 
     void readPersistentProperties();
 
@@ -1423,6 +1411,11 @@
     // Whether a display should be turned on when initialized
     bool mSkipPowerOnForQuiescent;
 
+    // used for omitting vsync callbacks to apps when the display is not updatable
+    int mRefreshableDisplays GUARDED_BY(mStateLock) = 0;
+    void incRefreshableDisplays() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    void decRefreshableDisplays() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+
     frontend::LayerLifecycleManager mLayerLifecycleManager GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
     frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder mLayerHierarchyBuilder GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
     frontend::LayerSnapshotBuilder mLayerSnapshotBuilder GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
index de4825b..b22ec66 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
                                                     eventStats, handle->previousReleaseCallbackId);
         if (handle->bufferReleaseChannel &&
             handle->previousReleaseCallbackId != ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID) {
-            mBufferReleases.emplace_back(handle->bufferReleaseChannel,
+            mBufferReleases.emplace_back(handle->name, handle->bufferReleaseChannel,
                                          handle->previousReleaseCallbackId,
                                          handle->previousReleaseFence,
                                          handle->currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
@@ -159,8 +159,13 @@
 
 void TransactionCallbackInvoker::sendCallbacks(bool onCommitOnly) {
     for (const auto& bufferRelease : mBufferReleases) {
-        bufferRelease.channel->writeReleaseFence(bufferRelease.callbackId, bufferRelease.fence,
-                                                 bufferRelease.currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+        status_t status = bufferRelease.channel
+                                  ->writeReleaseFence(bufferRelease.callbackId, bufferRelease.fence,
+                                                      bufferRelease.currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+        if (status != OK) {
+            ALOGE("[%s] writeReleaseFence failed. error %d (%s)", bufferRelease.layerName.c_str(),
+                  -status, strerror(-status));
+        }
     }
     mBufferReleases.clear();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
index d81d8d0..178ddbb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@
         mCompletedTransactions;
 
     struct BufferRelease {
+        std::string layerName;
         std::shared_ptr<gui::BufferReleaseChannel::ProducerEndpoint> channel;
         ReleaseCallbackId callbackId;
         sp<Fence> fence;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
index 658bca6..57ef4c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/FlagManager.cpp
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(vrr_bugfix_dropped_frame);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(restore_blur_step);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(dont_skip_on_early_ro);
+    DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(no_vsyncs_on_screen_off);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(protected_if_client);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(idle_screen_refresh_rate_timeout);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(graphite_renderengine);
@@ -153,10 +154,10 @@
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(override_trusted_overlay);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(flush_buffer_slots_to_uncache);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(force_compile_graphite_renderengine);
-    DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(single_hop_screenshot);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(trace_frame_rate_override);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(true_hdr_screenshots);
     DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(display_config_error_hal);
+    DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG(connected_display_hdr);
 
 #undef DUMP_READ_ONLY_FLAG
 #undef DUMP_SERVER_FLAG
@@ -244,6 +245,7 @@
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(renderable_buffer_usage, "")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(restore_blur_step, "debug.renderengine.restore_blur_step")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(dont_skip_on_early_ro, "")
+FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(no_vsyncs_on_screen_off, "debug.sf.no_vsyncs_on_screen_off")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(protected_if_client, "")
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(vrr_bugfix_24q4, "");
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(vrr_bugfix_dropped_frame, "")
@@ -259,9 +261,9 @@
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(override_trusted_overlay, "");
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(flush_buffer_slots_to_uncache, "");
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(force_compile_graphite_renderengine, "");
-FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(single_hop_screenshot, "");
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(true_hdr_screenshots, "debug.sf.true_hdr_screenshots");
 FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(display_config_error_hal, "");
+FLAG_MANAGER_READ_ONLY_FLAG(connected_display_hdr, "");
 
 /// Trunk stable server flags ///
 FLAG_MANAGER_SERVER_FLAG(refresh_rate_overlay_on_external_display, "")
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
index 4f34718..7716762 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/common/include/common/FlagManager.h
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
     bool renderable_buffer_usage() const;
     bool restore_blur_step() const;
     bool dont_skip_on_early_ro() const;
+    bool no_vsyncs_on_screen_off() const;
     bool protected_if_client() const;
     bool idle_screen_refresh_rate_timeout() const;
     bool graphite_renderengine() const;
@@ -91,10 +92,10 @@
     bool override_trusted_overlay() const;
     bool flush_buffer_slots_to_uncache() const;
     bool force_compile_graphite_renderengine() const;
-    bool single_hop_screenshot() const;
     bool trace_frame_rate_override() const;
     bool true_hdr_screenshots() const;
     bool display_config_error_hal() const;
+    bool connected_display_hdr() const;
 
 protected:
     // overridden for unit tests
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags_new.aconfig b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags_new.aconfig
index f758879..ce334e4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags_new.aconfig
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags_new.aconfig
@@ -21,12 +21,20 @@
 flag {
   name: "arr_setframerate_api"
   namespace: "core_graphics"
-  description: "New setFrameRate API for Android 16"
+  description: "New SDK Surface#setFrameRate API and Surface.FrameRateParams for Android 16"
   bug: "356987016"
   is_fixed_read_only: true
 } # arr_setframerate_api
 
 flag {
+  name: "arr_surfacecontrol_setframerate_api"
+  namespace: "core_graphics"
+  description: "New SDK SurfaceControl.Transaction#setFrameRate API for Android 16"
+  bug: "356987016"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+} # arr_surfacecontrol_setframerate_api
+
+flag {
   name: "ce_fence_promise"
   namespace: "window_surfaces"
   description: "Moves logic for buffer release fences into LayerFE"
@@ -49,6 +57,14 @@
 } # commit_not_composited
 
 flag {
+  name: "connected_display_hdr"
+  namespace: "core_graphics"
+  description: "enable connected display hdr capability"
+  bug: "374182788"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+} # connected_display_hdr
+
+flag {
   name: "correct_dpi_with_display_size"
   namespace: "core_graphics"
   description: "indicate whether missing or likely incorrect dpi should be corrected using the display size."
@@ -150,6 +166,14 @@
 } # local_tonemap_screenshots
 
 flag {
+  name: "no_vsyncs_on_screen_off"
+  namespace: "core_graphics"
+  description: "Stop vsync / Choreographer callbacks to apps when the screen is off"
+  bug: "331636736"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+} # no_vsyncs_on_screen_off
+
+flag {
   name: "single_hop_screenshot"
   namespace: "window_surfaces"
   description: "Only access SF main thread once during a screenshot"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 4dec5f6..6778af3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -472,12 +472,10 @@
         ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
         auto displayState = std::optional{display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState()};
         auto layers = getLayerSnapshotsFn();
-        auto layerFEs = mFlinger->extractLayerFEs(layers);
 
         return mFlinger->renderScreenImpl(renderArea.get(), buffer, regionSampling,
                                           false /* grayscale */, false /* isProtected */,
-                                          false /* attachGainmap */, captureResults, displayState,
-                                          layers, layerFEs);
+                                          captureResults, displayState, layers);
     }
 
     auto getLayerSnapshotsForScreenshotsFn(ui::LayerStack layerStack, uint32_t uid) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPower.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPower.h
index ed1405b..4c034d7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPower.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockIPower.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession;
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionConfig;
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::SessionTag;
+using aidl::android::hardware::power::SupportInfo;
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::power::Mode;
 using android::binder::Status;
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getSessionChannel,
                 (int32_t tgid, int32_t uid, ChannelConfig* _aidl_return), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, closeSessionChannel, (int32_t tgid, int32_t uid), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getSupportInfo, (SupportInfo * _aidl_return), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceVersion, (int32_t * version), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceHash, (std::string * hash), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(ndk::SpAIBinder, asBinder, (), (override));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
index 7398cbe..82500fe 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(sp<EventThreadConnection>, createEventConnection, (EventRegistrationFlags),
                 (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, enableSyntheticVsync, (bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, omitVsyncDispatching, (bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onHotplugReceived, (PhysicalDisplayId, bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onHotplugConnectionError, (int32_t), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onModeChanged, (const scheduler::FrameRateMode&), (override));