diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index edba50b..4344494 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -2092,12 +2092,11 @@
 sp<IDisplayEventConnection> SurfaceFlinger::createDisplayEventConnection(
         gui::ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource vsyncSource, EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration,
         const sp<IBinder>& layerHandle) {
-    const auto& handle =
-            vsyncSource == gui::ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource::eVsyncSourceSurfaceFlinger
-            ? mSfConnectionHandle
-            : mAppConnectionHandle;
+    const auto cycle = vsyncSource == gui::ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource::eVsyncSourceSurfaceFlinger
+            ? scheduler::Cycle::LastComposite
+            : scheduler::Cycle::Render;
 
-    return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle, eventRegistration, layerHandle);
+    return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(cycle, eventRegistration, layerHandle);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleCommit(FrameHint hint) {
@@ -2139,7 +2138,7 @@
             const int32_t hotplugErrorCode = static_cast<int32_t>(-timestamp);
             ALOGD("SurfaceFlinger got hotplugErrorCode=%d for display %" PRIu64, hotplugErrorCode,
                   hwcDisplayId);
-            mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(mAppConnectionHandle, hotplugErrorCode);
+            mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(scheduler::Cycle::Render, hotplugErrorCode);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -2190,7 +2189,7 @@
     if (FlagManager::getInstance().hotplug2()) {
         ALOGD("SurfaceFlinger got hotplug event=%d", static_cast<int32_t>(event));
         // TODO(b/311403559): use enum type instead of int
-        mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(mAppConnectionHandle, static_cast<int32_t>(event));
+        mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(scheduler::Cycle::Render, static_cast<int32_t>(event));
     }
 }
 
@@ -3480,7 +3479,7 @@
     if (!activeMode) {
         ALOGE("Failed to hotplug display %s", to_string(displayId).c_str());
         if (FlagManager::getInstance().hotplug2()) {
-            mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(mAppConnectionHandle,
+            mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(scheduler::Cycle::Render,
                                                  static_cast<int32_t>(
                                                          DisplayHotplugEvent::ERROR_UNKNOWN));
         }
@@ -3533,8 +3532,8 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) {
-    mScheduler->onHotplugReceived(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId, connected);
-    mScheduler->onHotplugReceived(mSfConnectionHandle, displayId, connected);
+    mScheduler->onHotplugReceived(scheduler::Cycle::Render, displayId, connected);
+    mScheduler->onHotplugReceived(scheduler::Cycle::LastComposite, displayId, connected);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dispatchDisplayModeChangeEvent(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
@@ -3544,7 +3543,7 @@
             ? &scheduler::Scheduler::onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged
             : &scheduler::Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged;
 
-    ((*mScheduler).*onDisplayModeChanged)(mAppConnectionHandle, mode);
+    ((*mScheduler).*onDisplayModeChanged)(scheduler::Cycle::Render, mode);
 }
 
 sp<DisplayDevice> SurfaceFlinger::setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(
@@ -4196,7 +4195,7 @@
         return getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()->getPhysicalId();
     }();
 
-    mScheduler->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId);
+    mScheduler->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(scheduler::Cycle::Render, displayId);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::notifyCpuLoadUp() {
@@ -4361,24 +4360,22 @@
     mScheduler = std::make_unique<Scheduler>(static_cast<ICompositor&>(*this),
                                              static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(*this), features,
                                              getFactory(), activeRefreshRate, *mTimeStats);
+
+    // The pacesetter must be registered before EventThread creation below.
     mScheduler->registerDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(), display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
     if (FlagManager::getInstance().vrr_config()) {
         mScheduler->setRenderRate(display->getPhysicalId(), activeMode.fps);
     }
-    mScheduler->startTimers();
 
     const auto configs = mScheduler->getVsyncConfiguration().getCurrentConfigs();
 
-    mAppConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createEventThread(Scheduler::Cycle::Render,
-                                          mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
-                                          /* workDuration */ configs.late.appWorkDuration,
-                                          /* readyDuration */ configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
-    mSfConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createEventThread(Scheduler::Cycle::LastComposite,
-                                          mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
-                                          /* workDuration */ activeRefreshRate.getPeriod(),
-                                          /* readyDuration */ configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
+    mScheduler->createEventThread(scheduler::Cycle::Render, mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
+                                  /* workDuration */ configs.late.appWorkDuration,
+                                  /* readyDuration */ configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
+    mScheduler->createEventThread(scheduler::Cycle::LastComposite,
+                                  mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
+                                  /* workDuration */ activeRefreshRate.getPeriod(),
+                                  /* readyDuration */ configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
 
     mScheduler->initVsync(*mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(), configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
 
@@ -4386,6 +4383,9 @@
             sp<RegionSamplingThread>::make(*this,
                                            RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
     mFpsReporter = sp<FpsReporter>::make(*mFrameTimeline);
+
+    // Timer callbacks may fire, so do this last.
+    mScheduler->startTimers();
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::doCommitTransactions() {
@@ -6322,7 +6322,7 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpEvents(std::string& result) const {
-    mScheduler->dump(mAppConnectionHandle, result);
+    mScheduler->dump(scheduler::Cycle::Render, result);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpVsync(std::string& result) const {
@@ -7094,14 +7094,15 @@
                 mForceFullDamage = n != 0;
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
-            case 1018: { // Modify Choreographer's duration
+            case 1018: { // Set the render deadline as a duration until VSYNC.
                 n = data.readInt32();
-                mScheduler->setDuration(mAppConnectionHandle, std::chrono::nanoseconds(n), 0ns);
+                mScheduler->setDuration(scheduler::Cycle::Render, std::chrono::nanoseconds(n), 0ns);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
-            case 1019: { // Modify SurfaceFlinger's duration
+            case 1019: { // Set the deadline of the last composite as a duration until VSYNC.
                 n = data.readInt32();
-                mScheduler->setDuration(mSfConnectionHandle, std::chrono::nanoseconds(n), 0ns);
+                mScheduler->setDuration(scheduler::Cycle::LastComposite,
+                                        std::chrono::nanoseconds(n), 0ns);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             case 1020: { // Unused
@@ -7333,7 +7334,7 @@
                 auto inUid = static_cast<uid_t>(data.readInt32());
                 const auto refreshRate = data.readFloat();
                 mScheduler->setPreferredRefreshRateForUid(FrameRateOverride{inUid, refreshRate});
-                mScheduler->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId);
+                mScheduler->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(scheduler::Cycle::Render, displayId);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             // Toggle caching feature
@@ -8473,10 +8474,10 @@
     // TODO(b/140204874): Leave the event in until we do proper testing with all apps that might
     // be depending in this callback.
     if (const auto activeMode = selector.getActiveMode(); displayId == mActiveDisplayId) {
-        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, activeMode);
+        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(scheduler::Cycle::Render, activeMode);
         toggleKernelIdleTimer();
     } else {
-        mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, activeMode);
+        mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(scheduler::Cycle::Render, activeMode);
     }
 
     auto preferredModeOpt = getPreferredDisplayMode(displayId, currentPolicy.defaultMode);
@@ -8664,7 +8665,7 @@
     }();
 
     mScheduler->setGameModeFrameRateForUid(FrameRateOverride{static_cast<uid_t>(uid), frameRate});
-    mScheduler->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId);
+    mScheduler->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(scheduler::Cycle::Render, displayId);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -8926,7 +8927,8 @@
             Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
             display->setSecure(connectedLevel >= 2 /* HDCP_V1 */);
         }
-        mScheduler->onHdcpLevelsChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId, connectedLevel, maxLevel);
+        mScheduler->onHdcpLevelsChanged(scheduler::Cycle::Render, displayId, connectedLevel,
+                                        maxLevel);
     }));
 }