diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index 20b7728..af2c527 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -1385,6 +1385,8 @@
                              oat_dir.c_str(),
                              is_secondary_dex,
                              oat_path)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create oat out path for "
+                << apk_path << " with oat dir " << oat_dir;
         return false;
     }
     oat_file_fd->reset(open(oat_path, O_RDONLY));
@@ -1489,7 +1491,7 @@
 
 // Prepares the oat dir for the secondary dex files.
 static bool prepare_secondary_dex_oat_dir(const std::string& dex_path, int uid,
-        const char* instruction_set, std::string* oat_dir_out) {
+        const char* instruction_set) {
     unsigned long dirIndex = dex_path.rfind('/');
     if (dirIndex == std::string::npos) {
         LOG(ERROR ) << "Unexpected dir structure for secondary dex " << dex_path;
@@ -1506,10 +1508,8 @@
 
     char oat_dir[PKG_PATH_MAX];
     snprintf(oat_dir, PKG_PATH_MAX, "%s/oat", dex_dir.c_str());
-    oat_dir_out->assign(oat_dir);
 
-    // Create oat/isa output directory.
-    if (prepare_app_cache_dir(*oat_dir_out, instruction_set, oat_dir_mode, uid, uid) != 0) {
+    if (prepare_app_cache_dir(oat_dir, instruction_set, oat_dir_mode, uid, uid) != 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Could not prepare oat/isa dir for secondary dex: " << dex_path;
         return false;
     }
@@ -1517,39 +1517,128 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static int constexpr DEXOPTANALYZER_BIN_EXEC_ERROR = 200;
+// Return codes for identifying the reason why dexoptanalyzer was not invoked when processing
+// secondary dex files. This return codes are returned by the child process created for
+// analyzing secondary dex files in process_secondary_dex_dexopt.
 
-// Verifies the result of dexoptanalyzer executed for the apk_path.
+// The dexoptanalyzer was not invoked because of validation or IO errors.
+static int constexpr SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED = 200;
+// The dexoptanalyzer was not invoked because the dex file does not exist anymore.
+static int constexpr SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED_NO_FILE = 201;
+
+// Verifies the result of analyzing secondary dex files from process_secondary_dex_dexopt.
 // If the result is valid returns true and sets dexopt_needed_out to a valid value.
 // Returns false for errors or unexpected result values.
-static bool process_dexoptanalyzer_result(const std::string& dex_path, int result,
+// The result is expected to be either one of SECONDARY_DEX_* codes or a valid exit code
+// of dexoptanalyzer.
+static bool process_secondary_dexoptanalyzer_result(const std::string& dex_path, int result,
             int* dexopt_needed_out) {
     // The result values are defined in dexoptanalyzer.
     switch (result) {
-        case 0:  // no_dexopt_needed
+        case 0:  // dexoptanalyzer: no_dexopt_needed
             *dexopt_needed_out = NO_DEXOPT_NEEDED; return true;
-        case 1:  // dex2oat_from_scratch
+        case 1:  // dexoptanalyzer: dex2oat_from_scratch
             *dexopt_needed_out = DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH; return true;
-        case 5:  // dex2oat_for_bootimage_odex
+        case 5:  // dexoptanalyzer: dex2oat_for_bootimage_odex
             *dexopt_needed_out = -DEX2OAT_FOR_BOOT_IMAGE; return true;
-        case 6:  // dex2oat_for_filter_odex
+        case 6:  // dexoptanalyzer: dex2oat_for_filter_odex
             *dexopt_needed_out = -DEX2OAT_FOR_FILTER; return true;
-        case 7:  // dex2oat_for_relocation_odex
+        case 7:  // dexoptanalyzer: dex2oat_for_relocation_odex
             *dexopt_needed_out = -DEX2OAT_FOR_RELOCATION; return true;
-        case 2:  // dex2oat_for_bootimage_oat
-        case 3:  // dex2oat_for_filter_oat
-        case 4:  // dex2oat_for_relocation_oat
+        case 2:  // dexoptanalyzer: dex2oat_for_bootimage_oat
+        case 3:  // dexoptanalyzer: dex2oat_for_filter_oat
+        case 4:  // dexoptanalyzer: dex2oat_for_relocation_oat
             LOG(ERROR) << "Dexoptnalyzer return the status of an oat file."
                     << " Expected odex file status for secondary dex " << dex_path
                     << " : dexoptanalyzer result=" << result;
             return false;
+        case SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED_NO_FILE:
+            // If the file does not exist there's no need for dexopt.
+            *dexopt_needed_out = NO_DEXOPT_NEEDED;
+            return true;
+        case SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED:
+            return false;
         default:
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected result for dexoptanalyzer " << dex_path
-                    << " exec_dexoptanalyzer result=" << result;
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected result from analyzing secondary dex " << dex_path
+                    << " result=" << result;
             return false;
     }
 }
 
+enum SecondaryDexAccess {
+    kSecondaryDexAccessReadOk = 0,
+    kSecondaryDexAccessDoesNotExist = 1,
+    kSecondaryDexAccessPermissionError = 2,
+    kSecondaryDexAccessIOError = 3
+};
+
+static SecondaryDexAccess check_secondary_dex_access(const std::string& dex_path) {
+    // Check if the path exists and can be read. If not, there's nothing to do.
+    if (access(dex_path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0) {
+        return kSecondaryDexAccessReadOk;
+    } else {
+        if (errno == ENOENT) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "Secondary dex does not exist: " <<  dex_path;
+            return kSecondaryDexAccessDoesNotExist;
+        } else {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not access secondary dex " << dex_path;
+            return errno == EACCES
+                ? kSecondaryDexAccessPermissionError
+                : kSecondaryDexAccessIOError;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static bool is_file_public(const std::string& filename) {
+    struct stat file_stat;
+    if (stat(filename.c_str(), &file_stat) == 0) {
+        return (file_stat.st_mode & S_IROTH) != 0;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Create the oat file structure for the secondary dex 'dex_path' and assign
+// the individual path component to the 'out_' parameters.
+static bool create_secondary_dex_oat_layout(const std::string& dex_path, const std::string& isa,
+        char* out_oat_dir, char* out_oat_isa_dir, char* out_oat_path) {
+    size_t dirIndex = dex_path.rfind('/');
+    if (dirIndex == std::string::npos) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected dir structure for dex file " << dex_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    // TODO(calin): we have similar computations in at lest 3 other places
+    // (InstalldNativeService, otapropt and dexopt). Unify them and get rid of snprintf by
+    // using string append.
+    std::string apk_dir = dex_path.substr(0, dirIndex);
+    snprintf(out_oat_dir, PKG_PATH_MAX, "%s/oat", apk_dir.c_str());
+    snprintf(out_oat_isa_dir, PKG_PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", out_oat_dir, isa.c_str());
+
+    if (!create_oat_out_path(dex_path.c_str(), isa.c_str(), out_oat_dir,
+            /*is_secondary_dex*/true, out_oat_path)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create oat path for secondary dex " << dex_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Validate that the dexopt_flags contain a valid storage flag and convert that to an installd
+// recognized storage flags (FLAG_STORAGE_CE or FLAG_STORAGE_DE).
+static bool validate_dexopt_storage_flags(int dexopt_flags, int* out_storage_flag) {
+    if ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE) != 0) {
+        *out_storage_flag = FLAG_STORAGE_CE;
+        if ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_STORAGE_DE) != 0) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Ambiguous secondary dex storage flag. Both, CE and DE, flags are set";
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else if ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_STORAGE_DE) != 0) {
+        *out_storage_flag = FLAG_STORAGE_DE;
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Secondary dex storage flag must be set";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 // Processes the dex_path as a secondary dex files and return true if the path dex file should
 // be compiled. Returns false for errors (logged) or true if the secondary dex path was process
 // successfully.
@@ -1557,126 +1646,107 @@
 //   - is_public_out: whether or not the oat file should not be made public
 //   - dexopt_needed_out: valid OatFileAsssitant::DexOptNeeded
 //   - oat_dir_out: the oat dir path where the oat file should be stored
-//   - dex_path_out: the real path of the dex file
-static bool process_secondary_dex_dexopt(const char* original_dex_path, const char* pkgname,
+static bool process_secondary_dex_dexopt(const std::string& dex_path, const char* pkgname,
         int dexopt_flags, const char* volume_uuid, int uid, const char* instruction_set,
         const char* compiler_filter, bool* is_public_out, int* dexopt_needed_out,
-        std::string* oat_dir_out, std::string* dex_path_out, bool downgrade,
-        const char* class_loader_context) {
+        std::string* oat_dir_out, bool downgrade, const char* class_loader_context) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Processing secondary dex path " << dex_path;
     int storage_flag;
-
-    if ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE) != 0) {
-        storage_flag = FLAG_STORAGE_CE;
-        if ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_STORAGE_DE) != 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Ambiguous secondary dex storage flag. Both, CE and DE, flags are set";
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else if ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_STORAGE_DE) != 0) {
-        storage_flag = FLAG_STORAGE_DE;
-    } else {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Secondary dex storage flag must be set";
+    if (!validate_dexopt_storage_flags(dexopt_flags, &storage_flag)) {
         return false;
     }
-
-    {
-        // As opposed to the primary apk, secondary dex files might contain symlinks.
-        // Resolve the path before passing it to the validate method to
-        // make sure the verification is done on the real location.
-        UniqueCPtr<char> dex_real_path_cstr(realpath(original_dex_path, nullptr));
-        if (dex_real_path_cstr == nullptr) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not get the real path of the secondary dex file "
-                    << original_dex_path;
-            return false;
-        } else {
-            dex_path_out->assign(dex_real_path_cstr.get());
-        }
-    }
-    const std::string& dex_path = *dex_path_out;
-    if (!validate_dex_path_size(dex_path)) {
+    // Compute the oat dir as it's not easy to extract it from the child computation.
+    char oat_path[PKG_PATH_MAX];
+    char oat_dir[PKG_PATH_MAX];
+    char oat_isa_dir[PKG_PATH_MAX];
+    if (!create_secondary_dex_oat_layout(
+            dex_path, instruction_set, oat_dir, oat_isa_dir, oat_path)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create secondary odex layout: " << dex_path;
         return false;
     }
-    if (!validate_secondary_dex_path(pkgname, dex_path, volume_uuid, uid, storage_flag)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not validate secondary dex path " << dex_path;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Check if the path exist. If not, there's nothing to do.
-    struct stat dex_path_stat;
-    if (stat(dex_path.c_str(), &dex_path_stat) != 0) {
-        if (errno == ENOENT) {
-            // Secondary dex files might be deleted any time by the app.
-            // Nothing to do if that's the case
-            ALOGV("Secondary dex does not exist %s", dex_path.c_str());
-            return NO_DEXOPT_NEEDED;
-        } else {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not access secondary dex " << dex_path;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Check if we should make the oat file public.
-    // Note that if the dex file is not public the compiled code cannot be made public.
-    *is_public_out = ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_PUBLIC) != 0) &&
-            ((dex_path_stat.st_mode & S_IROTH) != 0);
-
-    // Prepare the oat directories.
-    if (!prepare_secondary_dex_oat_dir(dex_path, uid, instruction_set, oat_dir_out)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Analyze profiles.
-    bool profile_was_updated = analyze_profiles(uid, dex_path, /*is_secondary_dex*/true);
-
-    unique_fd oat_file_fd;
-    unique_fd vdex_file_fd;
-    unique_fd zip_fd;
-    zip_fd.reset(open(dex_path.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
-    if (zip_fd.get() < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "installd cannot open " << dex_path << " for input during dexopt";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!maybe_open_oat_and_vdex_file(dex_path,
-                                      *oat_dir_out,
-                                      instruction_set,
-                                      true /* is_secondary_dex */,
-                                      &oat_file_fd,
-                                      &vdex_file_fd)) {
-      return false;
-    }
+    oat_dir_out->assign(oat_dir);
 
     pid_t pid = fork();
     if (pid == 0) {
         // child -- drop privileges before continuing.
         drop_capabilities(uid);
-        // Run dexoptanalyzer to get dexopt_needed code.
+
+        // Validate the path structure.
+        if (!validate_secondary_dex_path(pkgname, dex_path, volume_uuid, uid, storage_flag)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not validate secondary dex path " << dex_path;
+            _exit(SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED);
+        }
+
+        // Open the dex file.
+        unique_fd zip_fd;
+        zip_fd.reset(open(dex_path.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+        if (zip_fd.get() < 0) {
+            if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                _exit(SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED_NO_FILE);
+            } else {
+                _exit(SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Prepare the oat directories.
+        if (!prepare_secondary_dex_oat_dir(dex_path, uid, instruction_set)) {
+            _exit(SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED);
+        }
+
+        // Open the vdex/oat files if any.
+        unique_fd oat_file_fd;
+        unique_fd vdex_file_fd;
+        if (!maybe_open_oat_and_vdex_file(dex_path,
+                                          *oat_dir_out,
+                                          instruction_set,
+                                          true /* is_secondary_dex */,
+                                          &oat_file_fd,
+                                          &vdex_file_fd)) {
+            _exit(SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED);
+        }
+
+        // Analyze profiles.
+        bool profile_was_updated = analyze_profiles(uid, dex_path, /*is_secondary_dex*/true);
+
+        // Run dexoptanalyzer to get dexopt_needed code. This is not expected to return.
         exec_dexoptanalyzer(dex_path,
                             vdex_file_fd.get(),
                             oat_file_fd.get(),
                             zip_fd.get(),
                             instruction_set,
-                            compiler_filter,
-                            profile_was_updated,
-                            downgrade, class_loader_context);
-        exit(DEXOPTANALYZER_BIN_EXEC_ERROR);
+                            compiler_filter, profile_was_updated,
+                            downgrade,
+                            class_loader_context);
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to exec dexoptanalyzer";
+        _exit(SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED);
     }
 
     /* parent */
-
     int result = wait_child(pid);
     if (!WIFEXITED(result)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "dexoptanalyzer failed for path " << dex_path << ": " << result;
         return false;
     }
     result = WEXITSTATUS(result);
-    bool success = process_dexoptanalyzer_result(dex_path, result, dexopt_needed_out);
+    // Check that we successfully executed dexoptanalyzer.
+    bool success = process_secondary_dexoptanalyzer_result(dex_path, result, dexopt_needed_out);
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Processed secondary dex file " << dex_path << " result=" << result;
+
     // Run dexopt only if needed or forced.
-    // Note that dexoptanalyzer is executed even if force compilation is enabled.
-    // We ignore its valid dexopNeeded result, but still check (in process_dexoptanalyzer_result)
-    // that we only get results for odex files (apk_dir/oat/isa/code.odex) and not
-    // for oat files from dalvik-cache.
-    if (success && ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_FORCE) != 0)) {
+    // Note that dexoptanalyzer is executed even if force compilation is enabled (because it
+    // makes the code simpler; force compilation is only needed during tests).
+    if (success &&
+        (result != SECONDARY_DEX_DEXOPTANALYZER_SKIPPED_NO_FILE) &&
+        ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_FORCE) != 0)) {
         *dexopt_needed_out = DEX2OAT_FROM_SCRATCH;
     }
 
+    // Check if we should make the oat file public.
+    // Note that if the dex file is not public the compiled code cannot be made public.
+    // It is ok to check this flag outside in the parent process.
+    *is_public_out = ((dexopt_flags & DEXOPT_PUBLIC) != 0) && is_file_public(dex_path);
+
     return success;
 }
 
@@ -1708,13 +1778,11 @@
 
     // Check if we're dealing with a secondary dex file and if we need to compile it.
     std::string oat_dir_str;
-    std::string dex_real_path;
     if (is_secondary_dex) {
         if (process_secondary_dex_dexopt(dex_path, pkgname, dexopt_flags, volume_uuid, uid,
                 instruction_set, compiler_filter, &is_public, &dexopt_needed, &oat_dir_str,
-                &dex_real_path, downgrade, class_loader_context)) {
+                downgrade, class_loader_context)) {
             oat_dir = oat_dir_str.c_str();
-            dex_path = dex_real_path.c_str();
             if (dexopt_needed == NO_DEXOPT_NEEDED) {
                 return 0;  // Nothing to do, report success.
             }
@@ -1852,29 +1920,13 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-// Create the oat file structure for the secondary dex 'dex_path' and assign
-// the individual path component to the 'out_' parameters.
-static bool create_secondary_dex_oat_layout(const std::string& dex_path, const std::string& isa,
-        /*out*/char* out_oat_dir, /*out*/char* out_oat_isa_dir, /*out*/char* out_oat_path) {
-    size_t dirIndex = dex_path.rfind('/');
-    if (dirIndex == std::string::npos) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected dir structure for dex file " << dex_path;
-        return false;
-    }
-    // TODO(calin): we have similar computations in at lest 3 other places
-    // (InstalldNativeService, otapropt and dexopt). Unify them and get rid of snprintf by
-    // use string append.
-    std::string apk_dir = dex_path.substr(0, dirIndex);
-    snprintf(out_oat_dir, PKG_PATH_MAX, "%s/oat", apk_dir.c_str());
-    snprintf(out_oat_isa_dir, PKG_PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", out_oat_dir, isa.c_str());
-
-    if (!create_oat_out_path(dex_path.c_str(), isa.c_str(), out_oat_dir,
-            /*is_secondary_dex*/true, out_oat_path)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create oat path for secondary dex " << dex_path;
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
+enum ReconcileSecondaryDexResult {
+    kReconcileSecondaryDexExists = 0,
+    kReconcileSecondaryDexCleanedUp = 1,
+    kReconcileSecondaryDexValidationError = 2,
+    kReconcileSecondaryDexCleanUpError = 3,
+    kReconcileSecondaryDexAccessIOError = 4,
+};
 
 // Reconcile the secondary dex 'dex_path' and its generated oat files.
 // Return true if all the parameters are valid and the secondary dex file was
@@ -1888,36 +1940,15 @@
         const std::string& pkgname, int uid, const std::vector<std::string>& isas,
         const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volume_uuid, int storage_flag,
         /*out*/bool* out_secondary_dex_exists) {
-    // Set out to false to start with, just in case we have validation errors.
-    *out_secondary_dex_exists = false;
-    if (!validate_dex_path_size(dex_path)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
+    *out_secondary_dex_exists = false;  // start by assuming the file does not exist.
     if (isas.size() == 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "reconcile_secondary_dex_file called with empty isas vector";
         return false;
     }
 
-    const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid == nullptr ? nullptr : volume_uuid->c_str();
-
-    // Note that we cannot validate the package path here because the file might not exist
-    // and we cannot call realpath to resolve system symlinks. Since /data/user/0 symlinks to
-    // /data/data/ a lot of validations will fail if we attempt to check the package path.
-    // It is still ok to be more relaxed because any file removal is done after forking and
-    // dropping capabilities.
-    if (!validate_secondary_dex_path(pkgname.c_str(), dex_path.c_str(), volume_uuid_cstr,
-            uid, storage_flag, /*validate_package_path*/ false)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not validate secondary dex path " << dex_path;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (access(dex_path.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
-        // The path exists, nothing to do. The odex files (if any) will be left untouched.
-        *out_secondary_dex_exists = true;
-        return true;
-    } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to check access to secondary dex " << dex_path;
+    if (storage_flag != FLAG_STORAGE_CE && storage_flag != FLAG_STORAGE_DE) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "reconcile_secondary_dex_file called with invalid storage_flag: "
+                << storage_flag;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -1925,23 +1956,39 @@
     // of the package user id. So we fork and drop capabilities in the child.
     pid_t pid = fork();
     if (pid == 0) {
-        // The secondary dex does not exist anymore. Clear any generated files.
+        /* child -- drop privileges before continuing */
+        drop_capabilities(uid);
+
+        const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid == nullptr ? nullptr : volume_uuid->c_str();
+        if (!validate_secondary_dex_path(pkgname.c_str(), dex_path.c_str(), volume_uuid_cstr,
+                uid, storage_flag)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not validate secondary dex path " << dex_path;
+            _exit(kReconcileSecondaryDexValidationError);
+        }
+
+        SecondaryDexAccess access_check = check_secondary_dex_access(dex_path);
+        switch (access_check) {
+            case kSecondaryDexAccessDoesNotExist:
+                 // File does not exist. Proceed with cleaning.
+                break;
+            case kSecondaryDexAccessReadOk: _exit(kReconcileSecondaryDexExists);
+            case kSecondaryDexAccessIOError: _exit(kReconcileSecondaryDexAccessIOError);
+            case kSecondaryDexAccessPermissionError: _exit(kReconcileSecondaryDexValidationError);
+            default:
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected result from check_secondary_dex_access: " << access_check;
+                _exit(kReconcileSecondaryDexValidationError);
+        }
+
+        // The secondary dex does not exist anymore or it's. Clear any generated files.
         char oat_path[PKG_PATH_MAX];
         char oat_dir[PKG_PATH_MAX];
         char oat_isa_dir[PKG_PATH_MAX];
         bool result = true;
-        /* child -- drop privileges before continuing */
-        drop_capabilities(uid);
         for (size_t i = 0; i < isas.size(); i++) {
-            if (!create_secondary_dex_oat_layout(dex_path,
-                                                 isas[i],
-                                                 oat_dir,
-                                                 oat_isa_dir,
-                                                 oat_path)) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create secondary odex layout: "
-                           << dex_path;
-                result = false;
-                continue;
+            if (!create_secondary_dex_oat_layout(
+                    dex_path,isas[i], oat_dir, oat_isa_dir, oat_path)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create secondary odex layout: " << dex_path;
+                _exit(kReconcileSecondaryDexValidationError);
             }
 
             // Delete oat/vdex/art files.
@@ -1966,11 +2013,43 @@
             result = rmdir_if_empty(oat_isa_dir) && result;
             result = rmdir_if_empty(oat_dir) && result;
         }
-        result ? _exit(0) : _exit(1);
+        if (!result) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to clean secondary dex artifacts for location " << dex_path;
+        }
+        _exit(result ? kReconcileSecondaryDexCleanedUp : kReconcileSecondaryDexAccessIOError);
     }
 
     int return_code = wait_child(pid);
-    return return_code == 0;
+    if (!WIFEXITED(return_code)) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "reconcile dex failed for location " << dex_path << ": " << return_code;
+    } else {
+        return_code = WEXITSTATUS(return_code);
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Reconcile secondary dex path " << dex_path << " result=" << return_code;
+
+    switch (return_code) {
+        case kReconcileSecondaryDexCleanedUp:
+        case kReconcileSecondaryDexValidationError:
+            // If we couldn't validate assume the dex file does not exist.
+            // This will purge the entry from the PM records.
+            *out_secondary_dex_exists = false;
+            return true;
+        case kReconcileSecondaryDexExists:
+            *out_secondary_dex_exists = true;
+            return true;
+        case kReconcileSecondaryDexAccessIOError:
+            // We had an access IO error.
+            // Return false so that we can try again.
+            // The value of out_secondary_dex_exists does not matter in this case and by convention
+            // is set to false.
+            *out_secondary_dex_exists = false;
+            return false;
+        default:
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected code from reconcile_secondary_dex_file: " << return_code;
+            *out_secondary_dex_exists = false;
+            return false;
+    }
 }
 
 // Helper for move_ab, so that we can have common failure-case cleanup.
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/Android.bp b/cmds/installd/tests/Android.bp
index 89c11aa..1a22992 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/Android.bp
@@ -55,3 +55,23 @@
         "liblogwrap",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "installd_dexopt_test",
+    clang: true,
+    srcs: ["installd_dexopt_test.cpp"],
+    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libselinux",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libdiskusage",
+        "libinstalld",
+        "liblog",
+        "liblogwrap",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..821b96f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "dexopt.h"
+#include "InstalldNativeService.h"
+#include "globals.h"
+#include "tests/test_utils.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+// TODO(calin): try to dedup this code.
+#if defined(__arm__)
+static const std::string kRuntimeIsa = "arm";
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+static const std::string kRuntimeIsa = "arm64";
+#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
+static const std::string kRuntimeIsa = "mips";
+#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
+static const std::string kRuntimeIsa = "mips64";
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+static const std::string kRuntimeIsa = "x86";
+#elif defined(__x86_64__)
+static const std::string kRuntimeIsa = "x86_64";
+#else
+static const std::string kRuntimeIsa = "none";
+#endif
+
+int get_property(const char *key, char *value, const char *default_value) {
+    return property_get(key, value, default_value);
+}
+
+bool calculate_oat_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *oat_dir, const char *apk_path,
+        const char *instruction_set) {
+    return calculate_oat_file_path_default(path, oat_dir, apk_path, instruction_set);
+}
+
+bool calculate_odex_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *apk_path,
+        const char *instruction_set) {
+    return calculate_odex_file_path_default(path, apk_path, instruction_set);
+}
+
+bool create_cache_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *src, const char *instruction_set) {
+    return create_cache_path_default(path, src, instruction_set);
+}
+
+static void run_cmd(const std::string& cmd) {
+    system(cmd.c_str());
+}
+
+static void mkdir(const std::string& path, uid_t owner, gid_t group, mode_t mode) {
+    ::mkdir(path.c_str(), mode);
+    ::chown(path.c_str(), owner, group);
+    ::chmod(path.c_str(), mode);
+}
+
+// Base64 encoding of a simple dex files with 2 methods.
+static const char kDexFile[] =
+    "UEsDBBQAAAAIAOiOYUs9y6BLCgEAABQCAAALABwAY2xhc3Nlcy5kZXhVVAkAA/Ns+lkOHv1ZdXgL"
+    "AAEEI+UCAASIEwAAS0mt4DIwNmX4qpn7j/2wA7v7N+ZvoQpCJRlVx5SWa4YaiDAxMBQwMDBUhJkI"
+    "MUBBDyMDAzsDRJwFxAdioBDDHAYEYAbiFUAM1M5wAIhFGCGKDIDYAogdgNgDiH2BOAiI0xghekDm"
+    "sQIxGxQzM6ACRijNhCbOhCZfyohdPYyuh8szgtVkMkLsLhAAqeCDi+ejibPZZOZlltgxsDnqZSWW"
+    "JTKwOUFoZh9HayDhZM0g5AMS0M9JzEvX90/KSk0usWZgDAMaws5nAyXBzmpoYGlgAjsAyJoBMp0b"
+    "zQ8gGhbOTEhhzYwU3qxIYc2GFN6MClC/AhUyKUDMAYU9M1Qc5F8GKBscVgIQM0FxCwBQSwECHgMU"
+    "AAAACADojmFLPcugSwoBAAAUAgAACwAYAAAAAAAAAAAAoIEAAAAAY2xhc3Nlcy5kZXhVVAUAA/Ns"
+    "+ll1eAsAAQQj5QIABIgTAABQSwUGAAAAAAEAAQBRAAAATwEAAAAA";
+
+
+class DexoptTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    static constexpr bool kDebug = false;
+    static constexpr uid_t kSystemUid = 1000;
+    static constexpr uid_t kSystemGid = 1000;
+    static constexpr int32_t kOSdkVersion = 25;
+    static constexpr int32_t kAppDataFlags = FLAG_STORAGE_CE | FLAG_STORAGE_DE;
+    static constexpr uid_t kTestAppUid = 19999;
+    static constexpr gid_t kTestAppGid = 19999;
+    static constexpr int32_t kTestUserId = 0;
+
+    InstalldNativeService* service_;
+    std::unique_ptr<std::string> volume_uuid_;
+    std::string package_name_;
+    std::string app_apk_dir_;
+    std::string app_private_dir_ce_;
+    std::string app_private_dir_de_;
+    std::string se_info_;
+
+    int64_t ce_data_inode_;
+
+    std::string secondary_dex_ce_;
+    std::string secondary_dex_ce_link_;
+    std::string secondary_dex_de_;
+
+    virtual void SetUp() {
+        setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:v", 1);
+        android::base::InitLogging(nullptr);
+
+        service_ = new InstalldNativeService();
+
+        volume_uuid_ = nullptr;
+        package_name_ = "com.installd.test.dexopt";
+        se_info_ = "default";
+
+        init_globals_from_data_and_root();
+
+        app_apk_dir_ = android_app_dir + package_name_;
+
+        create_mock_app();
+    }
+
+    virtual void TearDown() {
+        if (!kDebug) {
+            service_->destroyAppData(
+                volume_uuid_, package_name_, kTestUserId, kAppDataFlags, ce_data_inode_);
+            run_cmd("rm -rf " + app_apk_dir_);
+            run_cmd("rm -rf " + app_private_dir_ce_);
+            run_cmd("rm -rf " + app_private_dir_de_);
+        }
+        delete service_;
+    }
+
+    void create_mock_app() {
+        // Create the oat dir.
+        std::string app_oat_dir = app_apk_dir_ + "/oat";
+        mkdir(app_apk_dir_, kSystemUid, kSystemGid, 0755);
+        service_->createOatDir(app_oat_dir, kRuntimeIsa);
+
+        // Copy the primary apk.
+        std::string apk_path = app_apk_dir_ + "/base.jar";
+        ASSERT_TRUE(WriteBase64ToFile(kDexFile, apk_path, kSystemUid, kSystemGid, 0644));
+
+        // Create the app user data.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(service_->createAppData(
+            volume_uuid_,
+            package_name_,
+            kTestUserId,
+            kAppDataFlags,
+            kTestAppUid,
+            se_info_,
+            kOSdkVersion,
+            &ce_data_inode_).isOk());
+
+        // Create a secondary dex file on CE storage
+        const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid_ == nullptr ? nullptr : volume_uuid_->c_str();
+        app_private_dir_ce_ = create_data_user_ce_package_path(
+                volume_uuid_cstr, kTestUserId, package_name_.c_str());
+        secondary_dex_ce_ = app_private_dir_ce_ + "/secondary_ce.jar";
+        ASSERT_TRUE(WriteBase64ToFile(kDexFile, secondary_dex_ce_, kTestAppUid, kTestAppGid, 0600));
+        std::string app_private_dir_ce_link = create_data_user_ce_package_path_as_user_link(
+                volume_uuid_cstr, kTestUserId, package_name_.c_str());
+        secondary_dex_ce_link_ = app_private_dir_ce_link + "/secondary_ce.jar";
+
+        // Create a secondary dex file on DE storage.
+        app_private_dir_de_ = create_data_user_de_package_path(
+                volume_uuid_cstr, kTestUserId, package_name_.c_str());
+        secondary_dex_de_ = app_private_dir_de_ + "/secondary_de.jar";
+        ASSERT_TRUE(WriteBase64ToFile(kDexFile, secondary_dex_de_, kTestAppUid, kTestAppGid, 0600));
+
+        // Fix app data uid.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(service_->fixupAppData(volume_uuid_, kTestUserId).isOk());
+    }
+
+
+    std::string get_secondary_dex_artifact(const std::string& path, const std::string& type) {
+        std::string::size_type end = path.rfind('.');
+        std::string::size_type start = path.rfind('/', end);
+        return path.substr(0, start) + "/oat/" + kRuntimeIsa + "/" +
+                path.substr(start + 1, end - start) + type;
+    }
+
+    void compile_secondary_dex(const std::string& path, int32_t dex_storage_flag,
+            bool should_binder_call_succeed, bool should_dex_be_compiled = true,
+            int uid = kTestAppUid) {
+        std::unique_ptr<std::string> package_name_ptr(new std::string(package_name_));
+        int32_t dexopt_needed = 0;  // does not matter;
+        std::unique_ptr<std::string> out_path = nullptr;  // does not matter
+        int32_t dex_flags = DEXOPT_SECONDARY_DEX | dex_storage_flag;
+        std::string compiler_filter = "speed-profile";
+        std::unique_ptr<std::string> class_loader_context_ptr(new std::string("&"));
+        std::unique_ptr<std::string> se_info_ptr(new std::string(se_info_));
+        bool downgrade = false;
+
+        binder::Status result = service_->dexopt(path,
+                                                 uid,
+                                                 package_name_ptr,
+                                                 kRuntimeIsa,
+                                                 dexopt_needed,
+                                                 out_path,
+                                                 dex_flags,
+                                                 compiler_filter,
+                                                 volume_uuid_,
+                                                 class_loader_context_ptr,
+                                                 se_info_ptr,
+                                                 downgrade);
+        ASSERT_EQ(should_binder_call_succeed, result.isOk());
+        int expected_access = should_dex_be_compiled ? 0 : -1;
+        std::string odex = get_secondary_dex_artifact(path, "odex");
+        std::string vdex = get_secondary_dex_artifact(path, "vdex");
+        std::string art = get_secondary_dex_artifact(path, "art");
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected_access, access(odex.c_str(), R_OK));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected_access, access(vdex.c_str(), R_OK));
+        ASSERT_EQ(-1, access(art.c_str(), R_OK));  // empty profiles do not generate an image.
+    }
+
+    void reconcile_secondary_dex(const std::string& path, int32_t storage_flag,
+            bool should_binder_call_succeed, bool should_dex_exist, bool should_dex_be_deleted,
+            int uid = kTestAppUid, std::string* package_override = nullptr) {
+        std::vector<std::string> isas;
+        isas.push_back(kRuntimeIsa);
+        bool out_secondary_dex_exists = false;
+        binder::Status result = service_->reconcileSecondaryDexFile(
+            path,
+            package_override == nullptr ? package_name_ : *package_override,
+            uid,
+            isas,
+            volume_uuid_,
+            storage_flag,
+            &out_secondary_dex_exists);
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(should_binder_call_succeed, result.isOk());
+        ASSERT_EQ(should_dex_exist, out_secondary_dex_exists);
+
+        int expected_access = should_dex_be_deleted ? -1 : 0;
+        std::string odex = get_secondary_dex_artifact(path, "odex");
+        std::string vdex = get_secondary_dex_artifact(path, "vdex");
+        std::string art = get_secondary_dex_artifact(path, "art");
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected_access, access(odex.c_str(), F_OK));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expected_access, access(vdex.c_str(), F_OK));
+        ASSERT_EQ(-1, access(art.c_str(), R_OK));  // empty profiles do not generate an image.
+    }
+};
+
+
+TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptSecondaryCe) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "DexoptSecondaryCe";
+    compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*compile_ok*/ true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptSecondaryCeLink) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "DexoptSecondaryCeLink";
+    compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_link_, DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*compile_ok*/ true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptSecondaryDe) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "DexoptSecondaryDe";
+    compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_de_, DEXOPT_STORAGE_DE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*compile_ok*/ true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptSecondaryDoesNotExist) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "DexoptSecondaryDoesNotExist";
+    // If the file validates but does not exist we do not treat it as an error.
+    compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_ + "not.there", DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true,  /*compile_ok*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptSecondaryStorageValidationError) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "DexoptSecondaryStorageValidationError";
+    compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, DEXOPT_STORAGE_DE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ false,  /*compile_ok*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptSecondaryAppOwnershipValidationError) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "DexoptSecondaryAppOwnershipValidationError";
+    compile_secondary_dex("/data/data/random.app/secondary.jar", DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ false,  /*compile_ok*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptSecondaryAcessViaDifferentUidError) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "DexoptSecondaryAcessViaDifferentUidError";
+    compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ false,  /*compile_ok*/ false, kSystemUid);
+}
+
+
+class ReconcileTest : public DexoptTest {
+    virtual void SetUp() {
+        DexoptTest::SetUp();
+        compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, DEXOPT_STORAGE_CE,
+            /*binder_ok*/ true, /*compile_ok*/ true);
+        compile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_de_, DEXOPT_STORAGE_DE,
+            /*binder_ok*/ true, /*compile_ok*/ true);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ReconcileTest, ReconcileSecondaryCeExists) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "ReconcileSecondaryCeExists";
+    reconcile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, FLAG_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*dex_ok */ true, /*odex_deleted*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReconcileTest, ReconcileSecondaryCeLinkExists) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "ReconcileSecondaryCeLinkExists";
+    reconcile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_link_, FLAG_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*dex_ok */ true, /*odex_deleted*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReconcileTest, ReconcileSecondaryDeExists) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "ReconcileSecondaryDeExists";
+    reconcile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_de_, FLAG_STORAGE_DE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*dex_ok */ true, /*odex_deleted*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReconcileTest, ReconcileSecondaryDeDoesNotExist) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "ReconcileSecondaryDeDoesNotExist";
+    run_cmd("rm -rf " + secondary_dex_de_);
+    reconcile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_de_, FLAG_STORAGE_DE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*dex_ok */ false, /*odex_deleted*/ true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReconcileTest, ReconcileSecondaryStorageValidationError) {
+    // Validation errors will not clean the odex/vdex/art files but will mark
+    // the file as non existent so that the PM knows it should purge it from its
+    // records.
+    LOG(INFO) << "ReconcileSecondaryStorageValidationError";
+    reconcile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, FLAG_STORAGE_DE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*dex_ok */ false, /*odex_deleted*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReconcileTest, ReconcileSecondaryAppOwnershipValidationError) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "ReconcileSecondaryAppOwnershipValidationError";
+    // Attempt to reconcile the dex files of the test app from a different app.
+    std::string another_app = "another.app";
+    reconcile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, FLAG_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*dex_ok */ false, /*odex_deleted*/ false, kSystemUid, &another_app);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReconcileTest, ReconcileSecondaryAcessViaDifferentUidError) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "ReconcileSecondaryAcessViaDifferentUidError";
+    reconcile_secondary_dex(secondary_dex_ce_, FLAG_STORAGE_CE,
+        /*binder_ok*/ true, /*dex_ok */ false, /*odex_deleted*/ false, kSystemUid);
+}
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp
index 2ca7ac2..a6a4451 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp
@@ -379,6 +379,7 @@
 TEST_F(UtilsTest, ValidateSecondaryDexFilesPath) {
     std::string package_name = "com.test.app";
     std::string app_dir_ce_user_0 = "/data/data/" + package_name;
+    std::string app_dir_ce_user_0_link = "/data/user/0/" + package_name;
     std::string app_dir_ce_user_10 = "/data/user/10/" + package_name;
 
     std::string app_dir_de_user_0 = "/data/user_de/0/" + package_name;
@@ -400,6 +401,8 @@
     // Standard path for user 0 on CE storage.
     pass_secondary_dex_validation(
         package_name, app_dir_ce_user_0 + "/ce0.dex", app_uid_for_user_0, FLAG_STORAGE_CE);
+    pass_secondary_dex_validation(
+        package_name, app_dir_ce_user_0_link + "/ce0.dex", app_uid_for_user_0, FLAG_STORAGE_CE);
     // Standard path for user 10 on CE storage.
     pass_secondary_dex_validation(
         package_name, app_dir_ce_user_10 + "/ce10.dex", app_uid_for_user_10, FLAG_STORAGE_CE);
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/test_utils.h b/cmds/installd/tests/test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d1162e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+uint8_t kBase64Map[256] = {
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  62, 255, 255, 255,  63,
+     52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61, 255, 255,
+    255, 254, 255, 255, 255,   0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,
+      7,   8,   9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,
+     19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,
+     37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,
+     49,  50,  51, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255
+};
+
+uint8_t* DecodeBase64(const char* src, size_t* dst_size) {
+    CHECK(dst_size != nullptr);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp;
+    uint32_t t = 0, y = 0;
+    int g = 3;
+    for (size_t i = 0; src[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
+        uint8_t c = kBase64Map[src[i] & 0xFF];
+        if (c == 255) continue;
+        // the final = symbols are read and used to trim the remaining bytes
+        if (c == 254) {
+            c = 0;
+            // prevent g < 0 which would potentially allow an overflow later
+            if (--g < 0) {
+                *dst_size = 0;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        } else if (g != 3) {
+            // we only allow = to be at the end
+            *dst_size = 0;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        t = (t << 6) | c;
+        if (++y == 4) {
+            tmp.push_back((t >> 16) & 255);
+            if (g > 1) {
+                tmp.push_back((t >> 8) & 255);
+            }
+            if (g > 2) {
+                tmp.push_back(t & 255);
+            }
+            y = t = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    if (y != 0) {
+        *dst_size = 0;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> dst(new uint8_t[tmp.size()]);
+    *dst_size = tmp.size();
+    std::copy(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), dst.get());
+    return dst.release();
+}
+
+bool WriteBase64ToFile(const char* base64, const std::string& file,
+        uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int mode) {
+    CHECK(base64 != nullptr);
+    size_t length;
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> bytes(DecodeBase64(base64, &length));
+    CHECK(bytes != nullptr);
+
+
+    int fd = open(file.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not open file " << file;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t wrote = 0;
+    while (wrote < length) {
+        ssize_t cur = write(fd, bytes.get() + wrote, length - wrote);
+        if (cur == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not write file " << file;
+            return false;
+        }
+        wrote += cur;
+    }
+
+    if (::chown(file.c_str(), uid, gid) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not chown file " << file;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (::chmod(file.c_str(), mode) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not chmod file " << file;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/cmds/installd/utils.cpp b/cmds/installd/utils.cpp
index ca0a82e..7dca7c6 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/utils.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/utils.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,20 @@
             create_data_user_ce_path(volume_uuid, user).c_str(), package_name);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Create the path name where package data should be stored for the given
+ * volume UUID, package name, and user ID. An empty UUID is assumed to be
+ * internal storage.
+ * Compared to create_data_user_ce_package_path this method always return the
+ * ".../user/..." directory.
+ */
+std::string create_data_user_ce_package_path_as_user_link(
+        const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid, const char* package_name) {
+    check_package_name(package_name);
+    std::string data(create_data_path(volume_uuid));
+    return StringPrintf("%s/user/%u/%s", data.c_str(), userid, package_name);
+}
+
 std::string create_data_user_ce_package_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t user,
         const char* package_name, ino_t ce_data_inode) {
     // For testing purposes, rely on the inode when defined; this could be
@@ -786,7 +800,7 @@
 }
 
 bool validate_secondary_dex_path(const std::string& pkgname, const std::string& dex_path,
-        const char* volume_uuid, int uid, int storage_flag, bool validate_package_path) {
+        const char* volume_uuid, int uid, int storage_flag) {
     CHECK(storage_flag == FLAG_STORAGE_CE || storage_flag == FLAG_STORAGE_DE);
 
     // Empty paths are not allowed.
@@ -800,16 +814,20 @@
     // The path should be at most PKG_PATH_MAX long.
     if (dex_path.size() > PKG_PATH_MAX) { return false; }
 
-    if (validate_package_path) {
-        // If we are asked to validate the package path check that
-        // the dex_path is under the app data directory.
-        std::string app_private_dir = storage_flag == FLAG_STORAGE_CE
+    // The dex_path should be under the app data directory.
+    std::string app_private_dir = storage_flag == FLAG_STORAGE_CE
             ? create_data_user_ce_package_path(
                     volume_uuid, multiuser_get_user_id(uid), pkgname.c_str())
             : create_data_user_de_package_path(
                     volume_uuid, multiuser_get_user_id(uid), pkgname.c_str());
 
-        if (strncmp(dex_path.c_str(), app_private_dir.c_str(), app_private_dir.size()) != 0) {
+    if (strncmp(dex_path.c_str(), app_private_dir.c_str(), app_private_dir.size()) != 0) {
+        // The check above might fail if the dex file is accessed via the /data/user/0 symlink.
+        // If that's the case, attempt to validate against the user data link.
+        std::string app_private_dir_symlink = create_data_user_ce_package_path_as_user_link(
+                volume_uuid, multiuser_get_user_id(uid), pkgname.c_str());
+        if (strncmp(dex_path.c_str(), app_private_dir_symlink.c_str(),
+                app_private_dir_symlink.size()) != 0) {
             return false;
         }
     }
diff --git a/cmds/installd/utils.h b/cmds/installd/utils.h
index 3e04af9..b90caf9 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/utils.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/utils.h
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@
         userid_t user, const char* package_name, ino_t ce_data_inode);
 std::string create_data_user_de_package_path(const char* volume_uuid,
         userid_t user, const char* package_name);
+std::string create_data_user_ce_package_path_as_user_link(
+        const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid, const char* package_name);
 
 std::string create_data_media_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid);
 std::string create_data_media_obb_path(const char* volume_uuid, const char* package_name);
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@
 
 int validate_system_app_path(const char* path);
 bool validate_secondary_dex_path(const std::string& pkgname, const std::string& dex_path,
-        const char* volume_uuid, int uid, int storage_flag, bool validate_package_path = true);
+        const char* volume_uuid, int uid, int storage_flag);
 
 int validate_apk_path(const char *path);
 int validate_apk_path_subdirs(const char *path);