diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
index 2375cb7..22dd866 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@
 
 void GLESRenderEngine::drawLayersInternal(
         const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
-        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
         const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
         base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -1110,10 +1110,10 @@
     std::unique_ptr<BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer> fbo;
     // Gathering layers that requested blur, we'll need them to decide when to render to an
     // offscreen buffer, and when to render to the native buffer.
-    std::deque<const LayerSettings*> blurLayers;
+    std::deque<const LayerSettings> blurLayers;
     if (CC_LIKELY(mBlurFilter != nullptr)) {
-        for (auto layer : layers) {
-            if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
+        for (const auto& layer : layers) {
+            if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                 blurLayers.push_back(layer);
             }
         }
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@
     } else {
         setViewportAndProjection(display.physicalDisplay, display.clip);
         auto status =
-                mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display, blurLayers.front()->backgroundBlurRadius);
+                mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display, blurLayers.front().backgroundBlurRadius);
         if (status != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGE("Failed to prepare blur filter! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                   buffer->getBuffer()->handle);
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@
                         .setTexCoords(2 /* size */)
                         .setCropCoords(2 /* size */)
                         .build();
-    for (auto const layer : layers) {
+    for (const auto& layer : layers) {
         if (blurLayers.size() > 0 && blurLayers.front() == layer) {
             blurLayers.pop_front();
 
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@
                 // There's still something else to blur, so let's keep rendering to our FBO
                 // instead of to the display.
                 status = mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display,
-                                                      blurLayers.front()->backgroundBlurRadius);
+                                                      blurLayers.front().backgroundBlurRadius);
             }
             if (status != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("Failed to bind framebuffer! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
@@ -1214,42 +1214,42 @@
         }
 
         // Ensure luminance is at least 100 nits to avoid div-by-zero
-        const float maxLuminance = std::max(100.f, layer->source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits);
+        const float maxLuminance = std::max(100.f, layer.source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits);
         mState.maxMasteringLuminance = maxLuminance;
         mState.maxContentLuminance = maxLuminance;
-        mState.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * layer->geometry.positionTransform;
+        mState.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * layer.geometry.positionTransform;
 
-        const FloatRect bounds = layer->geometry.boundaries;
+        const FloatRect bounds = layer.geometry.boundaries;
         Mesh::VertexArray<vec2> position(mesh.getPositionArray<vec2>());
         position[0] = vec2(bounds.left, bounds.top);
         position[1] = vec2(bounds.left, bounds.bottom);
         position[2] = vec2(bounds.right, bounds.bottom);
         position[3] = vec2(bounds.right, bounds.top);
 
-        setupLayerCropping(*layer, mesh);
-        setColorTransform(layer->colorTransform);
+        setupLayerCropping(layer, mesh);
+        setColorTransform(layer.colorTransform);
 
         bool usePremultipliedAlpha = true;
         bool disableTexture = true;
         bool isOpaque = false;
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
             disableTexture = false;
-            isOpaque = layer->source.buffer.isOpaque;
+            isOpaque = layer.source.buffer.isOpaque;
 
-            sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuf = layer->source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer();
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuf = layer.source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer();
             validateInputBufferUsage(gBuf);
-            bindExternalTextureBuffer(layer->source.buffer.textureName, gBuf,
-                                      layer->source.buffer.fence);
+            bindExternalTextureBuffer(layer.source.buffer.textureName, gBuf,
+                                      layer.source.buffer.fence);
 
-            usePremultipliedAlpha = layer->source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha;
-            Texture texture(Texture::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, layer->source.buffer.textureName);
-            mat4 texMatrix = layer->source.buffer.textureTransform;
+            usePremultipliedAlpha = layer.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha;
+            Texture texture(Texture::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, layer.source.buffer.textureName);
+            mat4 texMatrix = layer.source.buffer.textureTransform;
 
             texture.setMatrix(texMatrix.asArray());
-            texture.setFiltering(layer->source.buffer.useTextureFiltering);
+            texture.setFiltering(layer.source.buffer.useTextureFiltering);
 
             texture.setDimensions(gBuf->getWidth(), gBuf->getHeight());
-            setSourceY410BT2020(layer->source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
+            setSourceY410BT2020(layer.source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
 
             renderengine::Mesh::VertexArray<vec2> texCoords(mesh.getTexCoordArray<vec2>());
             texCoords[0] = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
@@ -1264,32 +1264,32 @@
             }
         }
 
-        const half3 solidColor = layer->source.solidColor;
-        const half4 color = half4(solidColor.r, solidColor.g, solidColor.b, layer->alpha);
+        const half3 solidColor = layer.source.solidColor;
+        const half4 color = half4(solidColor.r, solidColor.g, solidColor.b, layer.alpha);
         // Buffer sources will have a black solid color ignored in the shader,
         // so in that scenario the solid color passed here is arbitrary.
         setupLayerBlending(usePremultipliedAlpha, isOpaque, disableTexture, color,
-                           layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-        if (layer->disableBlending) {
+                           layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+        if (layer.disableBlending) {
             glDisable(GL_BLEND);
         }
-        setSourceDataSpace(layer->sourceDataspace);
+        setSourceDataSpace(layer.sourceDataspace);
 
-        if (layer->shadow.length > 0.0f) {
-            handleShadow(layer->geometry.boundaries, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius,
-                         layer->shadow);
+        if (layer.shadow.length > 0.0f) {
+            handleShadow(layer.geometry.boundaries, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius,
+                         layer.shadow);
         }
         // We only want to do a special handling for rounded corners when having rounded corners
         // is the only reason it needs to turn on blending, otherwise, we handle it like the
         // usual way since it needs to turn on blending anyway.
-        else if (layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius > 0.0 && color.a >= 1.0f && isOpaque) {
-            handleRoundedCorners(display, *layer, mesh);
+        else if (layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius > 0.0 && color.a >= 1.0f && isOpaque) {
+            handleRoundedCorners(display, layer, mesh);
         } else {
             drawMesh(mesh);
         }
 
         // Cleanup if there's a buffer source
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
             disableBlending();
             setSourceY410BT2020(false);
             disableTexturing();
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
index c4adfdf..1d7c2ca 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
     bool canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const override;
     void drawLayersInternal(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
                             const DisplaySettings& display,
-                            const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                            const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
                             const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
                             const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;