SF: move RefreshRateConfigs to DisplayDevice

Move RefreshRateConfigs to DisplayDevice to be able to maintain
a per-display refresh rate switching policy.

Test: SF unit tests
Test: refresh rate switching is working on device with
more than one display
Bug: 187539899

Change-Id: Ica6a955e8ad0e563a0740f6579b61fc592eb982c
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index 3cb7e9c..6a78b53 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
         mFrameTracker.setFrameReadyTime(desiredPresentTime);
     }
 
-    const Fps refreshRate = mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
+    const Fps refreshRate = display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
     const std::optional<Fps> renderRate = mFlinger->mScheduler->getFrameRateOverride(getOwnerUid());
     if (presentFence->isValid()) {
         mFlinger->mTimeStats->setPresentFence(layerId, mCurrentFrameNumber, presentFence,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 517f848..5c33428 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@
         mCompositionDisplay{args.compositionDisplay},
         mPhysicalOrientation(args.physicalOrientation),
         mSupportedModes(std::move(args.supportedModes)),
-        mIsPrimary(args.isPrimary) {
+        mIsPrimary(args.isPrimary),
+        mRefreshRateConfigs(std::move(args.refreshRateConfigs)) {
     mCompositionDisplay->editState().isSecure = args.isSecure;
     mCompositionDisplay->createRenderSurface(
             compositionengine::RenderSurfaceCreationArgsBuilder()
@@ -155,6 +156,9 @@
     const auto mode = getMode(id);
     LOG_FATAL_IF(!mode, "Cannot set active mode which is not supported.");
     mActiveMode = mode;
+    if (mRefreshRateConfigs) {
+        mRefreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(mActiveMode->getId());
+    }
 }
 
 status_t DisplayDevice::initiateModeChange(DisplayModeId modeId,
@@ -296,6 +300,10 @@
     }
     result.append("\n");
     getCompositionDisplay()->dump(result);
+
+    if (mRefreshRateConfigs) {
+        mRefreshRateConfigs->dump(result);
+    }
 }
 
 bool DisplayDevice::hasRenderIntent(ui::RenderIntent intent) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index e5fe067..5a20a43 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
 #include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h"
 
+#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 class Fence;
@@ -193,6 +195,16 @@
     // set-top boxes after a hotplug reconnect.
     DisplayModePtr getMode(DisplayModeId) const;
 
+    // Returns the refresh rate configs for this display.
+    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs() const { return *mRefreshRateConfigs; }
+
+    // Returns a shared pointer to the refresh rate configs for this display.
+    // Clients can store this refresh rate configs and use it even if the DisplayDevice
+    // is destroyed.
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> holdRefreshRateConfigs() const {
+        return mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    }
+
     void onVsync(nsecs_t timestamp);
     nsecs_t getVsyncPeriodFromHWC() const;
     nsecs_t getRefreshTimestamp() const;
@@ -238,6 +250,8 @@
     std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> mDeviceProductInfo;
 
     std::vector<ui::Hdr> mOverrideHdrTypes;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
 };
 
 struct DisplayDeviceState {
@@ -283,6 +297,7 @@
     HWComposer& hwComposer;
     const wp<IBinder> displayToken;
     const std::shared_ptr<compositionengine::Display> compositionDisplay;
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> refreshRateConfigs;
 
     int32_t sequenceId{0};
     std::optional<ui::DisplayConnectionType> connectionType;
@@ -298,6 +313,7 @@
             hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode::ON};
     bool isPrimary{false};
     DisplayModes supportedModes;
+    DisplayModeId activeModeId;
 };
 
 // Predicates for display lookup.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index 9cfc37d..9657a9f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -283,7 +283,16 @@
 
 void RefreshRateOverlay::reset() {
     mBufferCache.clear();
-    const auto range = mFlinger.mRefreshRateConfigs->getSupportedRefreshRateRange();
+    // TODO: this is a temp hack that would be removed in the next CL
+    const auto range = [&]() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+        constexpr auto defaultFps = Fps(60);
+        const auto display = mFlinger.getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+        if (display) {
+            return display->refreshRateConfigs().getSupportedRefreshRateRange();
+        }
+        ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
+        return scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::FpsRange{defaultFps, defaultFps};
+    }();
     mLowFps = range.min.getIntValue();
     mHighFps = range.max.getIntValue();
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
index 0563795..84e3548 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
@@ -75,10 +75,9 @@
 }
 } // namespace
 
-LayerHistory::LayerHistory(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs)
+LayerHistory::LayerHistory()
       : mTraceEnabled(traceEnabled()), mUseFrameRatePriority(useFrameRatePriority()) {
     LayerInfo::setTraceEnabled(mTraceEnabled);
-    LayerInfo::setRefreshRateConfigs(refreshRateConfigs);
 }
 
 LayerHistory::~LayerHistory() = default;
@@ -138,7 +137,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-LayerHistory::Summary LayerHistory::summarize(nsecs_t now) {
+LayerHistory::Summary LayerHistory::summarize(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs,
+                                              nsecs_t now) {
     LayerHistory::Summary summary;
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
         ALOGV("%s has priority: %d %s focused", info->getName().c_str(), frameRateSelectionPriority,
               layerFocused ? "" : "not");
 
-        const auto vote = info->getRefreshRateVote(now);
+        const auto vote = info->getRefreshRateVote(refreshRateConfigs, now);
         // Skip NoVote layer as those don't have any requirements
         if (vote.type == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote) {
             continue;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
index 82f6c39..92236f5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 public:
     using LayerVoteType = RefreshRateConfigs::LayerVoteType;
 
-    LayerHistory(const RefreshRateConfigs&);
+    LayerHistory();
     ~LayerHistory();
 
     // Layers are unregistered when the weak reference expires.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
     using Summary = std::vector<RefreshRateConfigs::LayerRequirement>;
 
     // Rebuilds sets of active/inactive layers, and accumulates stats for active layers.
-    Summary summarize(nsecs_t now);
+    Summary summarize(const RefreshRateConfigs&, nsecs_t now);
 
     void clear();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
index 989bf4e..8a45b66 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-const RefreshRateConfigs* LayerInfo::sRefreshRateConfigs = nullptr;
 bool LayerInfo::sTraceEnabled = false;
 
 LayerInfo::LayerInfo(const std::string& name, uid_t ownerUid,
@@ -184,7 +183,8 @@
     return static_cast<nsecs_t>(averageFrameTime);
 }
 
-std::optional<Fps> LayerInfo::calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(nsecs_t now) {
+std::optional<Fps> LayerInfo::calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(
+        const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs, nsecs_t now) {
     static constexpr float MARGIN = 1.0f; // 1Hz
     if (!hasEnoughDataForHeuristic()) {
         ALOGV("Not enough data");
@@ -196,9 +196,7 @@
         const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
         const bool refreshRateConsistent = mRefreshRateHistory.add(refreshRate, now);
         if (refreshRateConsistent) {
-            const auto knownRefreshRate =
-                    sRefreshRateConfigs->findClosestKnownFrameRate(refreshRate);
-
+            const auto knownRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs.findClosestKnownFrameRate(refreshRate);
             // To avoid oscillation, use the last calculated refresh rate if it is
             // close enough
             if (std::abs(mLastRefreshRate.calculated.getValue() - refreshRate.getValue()) >
@@ -220,7 +218,8 @@
                                                : std::nullopt;
 }
 
-LayerInfo::LayerVote LayerInfo::getRefreshRateVote(nsecs_t now) {
+LayerInfo::LayerVote LayerInfo::getRefreshRateVote(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs,
+                                                   nsecs_t now) {
     if (mLayerVote.type != LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
         ALOGV("%s voted %d ", mName.c_str(), static_cast<int>(mLayerVote.type));
         return mLayerVote;
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@
         clearHistory(now);
     }
 
-    auto refreshRate = calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(now);
+    auto refreshRate = calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(refreshRateConfigs, now);
     if (refreshRate.has_value()) {
         ALOGV("%s calculated refresh rate: %s", mName.c_str(), to_string(*refreshRate).c_str());
         return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, refreshRate.value()};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index 34cc389..ce9783c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -122,10 +122,6 @@
 
     static void setTraceEnabled(bool enabled) { sTraceEnabled = enabled; }
 
-    static void setRefreshRateConfigs(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs) {
-        sRefreshRateConfigs = &refreshRateConfigs;
-    }
-
     LayerInfo(const std::string& name, uid_t ownerUid, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType defaultVote);
 
     LayerInfo(const LayerInfo&) = delete;
@@ -161,7 +157,7 @@
 
     uid_t getOwnerUid() const { return mOwnerUid; }
 
-    LayerVote getRefreshRateVote(nsecs_t now);
+    LayerVote getRefreshRateVote(const RefreshRateConfigs&, nsecs_t now);
 
     // Return the last updated time. If the present time is farther in the future than the
     // updated time, the updated time is the present time.
@@ -263,7 +259,7 @@
     bool isFrequent(nsecs_t now) const;
     bool isAnimating(nsecs_t now) const;
     bool hasEnoughDataForHeuristic() const;
-    std::optional<Fps> calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(nsecs_t now);
+    std::optional<Fps> calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(const RefreshRateConfigs&, nsecs_t now);
     std::optional<nsecs_t> calculateAverageFrameTime() const;
     bool isFrameTimeValid(const FrameTimeData&) const;
 
@@ -300,7 +296,6 @@
     mutable std::unordered_map<LayerHistory::LayerVoteType, std::string> mTraceTags;
 
     // Shared for all LayerInfo instances
-    static const RefreshRateConfigs* sRefreshRateConfigs;
     static bool sTraceEnabled;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
index dfd1395..884862d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
@@ -316,8 +316,6 @@
                        Config config = {.enableFrameRateOverride = false,
                                         .frameRateMultipleThreshold = 0});
 
-    void updateDisplayModes(const DisplayModes& mode, DisplayModeId currentModeId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
-
     // Returns whether switching modes (refresh rate or resolution) is possible.
     // TODO(b/158780872): Consider HAL support, and skip frame rate detection if the modes only
     // differ in resolution.
@@ -354,6 +352,9 @@
 
     void dump(std::string& result) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
+    RefreshRateConfigs(const RefreshRateConfigs&) = delete;
+    void operator=(const RefreshRateConfigs&) = delete;
+
 private:
     friend class RefreshRateConfigsTest;
 
@@ -405,6 +406,8 @@
     float calculateLayerScoreLocked(const LayerRequirement&, const RefreshRate&,
                                     bool isSeamlessSwitch) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
+    void updateDisplayModes(const DisplayModes& mode, DisplayModeId currentModeId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
     // The list of refresh rates, indexed by display modes ID. This may change after this
     // object is initialized.
     AllRefreshRatesMapType mRefreshRates GUARDED_BY(mLock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 384e4e9..861f3ac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -117,16 +117,17 @@
     }
 };
 
-Scheduler::Scheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+Scheduler::Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& configs,
+                     ISchedulerCallback& callback)
       : Scheduler(configs, callback,
                   {.supportKernelTimer = sysprop::support_kernel_idle_timer(false),
                    .useContentDetection = sysprop::use_content_detection_for_refresh_rate(false)}) {
 }
 
-Scheduler::Scheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs, ISchedulerCallback& callback,
-                     Options options)
+Scheduler::Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& configs,
+                     ISchedulerCallback& callback, Options options)
       : Scheduler(createVsyncSchedule(options.supportKernelTimer), configs, callback,
-                  createLayerHistory(configs), options) {
+                  createLayerHistory(), options) {
     using namespace sysprop;
 
     const int setIdleTimerMs = base::GetIntProperty("debug.sf.set_idle_timer_ms"s, 0);
@@ -159,7 +160,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-Scheduler::Scheduler(VsyncSchedule schedule, const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs,
+Scheduler::Scheduler(VsyncSchedule schedule,
+                     const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& configs,
                      ISchedulerCallback& schedulerCallback,
                      std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> layerHistory, Options options)
       : mOptions(options),
@@ -194,9 +196,8 @@
     return {std::move(controller), std::move(tracker), std::move(dispatch)};
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> Scheduler::createLayerHistory(
-        const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs) {
-    return std::make_unique<scheduler::LayerHistory>(configs);
+std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> Scheduler::createLayerHistory() {
+    return std::make_unique<scheduler::LayerHistory>();
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> Scheduler::makePrimaryDispSyncSource(
@@ -207,11 +208,14 @@
 }
 
 std::optional<Fps> Scheduler::getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const {
-    if (!mRefreshRateConfigs.supportsFrameRateOverride()) {
-        return std::nullopt;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        if (!mRefreshRateConfigs->supportsFrameRateOverride()) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
     }
 
-    std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+    std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
     {
         const auto iter = mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.find(uid);
         if (iter != mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.end()) {
@@ -239,7 +243,8 @@
 }
 
 impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback Scheduler::makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const {
-    if (!mRefreshRateConfigs.supportsFrameRateOverride()) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+    if (!mRefreshRateConfigs->supportsFrameRateOverride()) {
         return {};
     }
 
@@ -250,14 +255,18 @@
 
 impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction Scheduler::makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const {
     return [this](uid_t uid) {
-        nsecs_t basePeriod = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
+        const auto refreshRateConfigs = holdRefreshRateConfigs();
+        nsecs_t basePeriod = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
         const auto frameRate = getFrameRateOverride(uid);
         if (!frameRate.has_value()) {
             return basePeriod;
         }
 
-        const auto divider = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(
-            mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps(), *frameRate);
+        const auto divider =
+                scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(refreshRateConfigs
+                                                                           ->getCurrentRefreshRate()
+                                                                           .getFps(),
+                                                                   *frameRate);
         if (divider <= 1) {
             return basePeriod;
         }
@@ -343,7 +352,7 @@
 void Scheduler::onFrameRateOverridesChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
     std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides;
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+        std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
         for (const auto& [uid, frameRate] : mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor) {
             overrides.emplace_back(FrameRateOverride{uid, frameRate.getValue()});
         }
@@ -388,7 +397,10 @@
     }
 
     const auto modeId = *mFeatures.modeId;
-    const auto vsyncPeriod = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromModeId(modeId).getVsyncPeriod();
+    const auto vsyncPeriod = [&] {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        return mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(modeId).getVsyncPeriod();
+    }();
 
     // If there is no change from cached mode, there is no need to dispatch an event
     if (modeId == mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams->modeId &&
@@ -532,7 +544,11 @@
     const nsecs_t last = mLastResyncTime.exchange(now);
 
     if (now - last > kIgnoreDelay) {
-        resyncToHardwareVsync(false, mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod());
+        const auto vsyncPeriod = [&] {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+            return mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
+        }();
+        resyncToHardwareVsync(false, vsyncPeriod);
     }
 }
 
@@ -602,9 +618,12 @@
 
 void Scheduler::recordLayerHistory(Layer* layer, nsecs_t presentTime,
                                    LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType updateType) {
-    if (mRefreshRateConfigs.canSwitch()) {
-        mLayerHistory->record(layer, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        if (!mRefreshRateConfigs->canSwitch()) return;
     }
+
+    mLayerHistory->record(layer, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::setModeChangePending(bool pending) {
@@ -612,11 +631,16 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::chooseRefreshRateForContent() {
-    if (!mRefreshRateConfigs.canSwitch()) return;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        if (!mRefreshRateConfigs->canSwitch()) return;
+    }
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    scheduler::LayerHistory::Summary summary = mLayerHistory->summarize(systemTime());
+    const auto refreshRateConfigs = holdRefreshRateConfigs();
+    scheduler::LayerHistory::Summary summary =
+            mLayerHistory->summarize(*refreshRateConfigs, systemTime());
     scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     DisplayModeId newModeId;
     bool frameRateChanged;
@@ -626,7 +650,7 @@
         mFeatures.contentRequirements = summary;
 
         newModeId = calculateRefreshRateModeId(&consideredSignals);
-        auto newRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
+        auto newRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
         frameRateOverridesChanged =
                 updateFrameRateOverrides(consideredSignals, newRefreshRate.getFps());
 
@@ -643,7 +667,7 @@
         }
     }
     if (frameRateChanged) {
-        auto newRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
+        auto newRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
         mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate,
                                              consideredSignals.idle ? ModeEvent::None
                                                                     : ModeEvent::Changed);
@@ -689,7 +713,11 @@
 
     // TODO(145561154): cleanup the kernel idle timer implementation and the refresh rate
     // magic number
-    const auto& refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate();
+    const auto refreshRate = [&] {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        return mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate();
+    }();
+
     constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER{65.0f};
     if (state == TimerState::Reset &&
         refreshRate.getFps().greaterThanWithMargin(FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER)) {
@@ -741,7 +769,7 @@
                   mLayerHistory ? mLayerHistory->dump().c_str() : "(no layer history)");
 
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+        std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
         StringAppendF(&result, "Frame Rate Overrides (backdoor): {");
         for (const auto& [uid, frameRate] : mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor) {
             StringAppendF(&result, "[uid: %d frameRate: %s], ", uid, to_string(frameRate).c_str());
@@ -767,16 +795,17 @@
 
 bool Scheduler::updateFrameRateOverrides(
         scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals, Fps displayRefreshRate) {
-    if (!mRefreshRateConfigs.supportsFrameRateOverride()) {
+    const auto refreshRateConfigs = holdRefreshRateConfigs();
+    if (!refreshRateConfigs->supportsFrameRateOverride()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
         const auto frameRateOverrides =
-                mRefreshRateConfigs.getFrameRateOverrides(mFeatures.contentRequirements,
+                refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(mFeatures.contentRequirements,
                                                           displayRefreshRate,
                                                           consideredSignals.touch);
-        std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+        std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
         if (!std::equal(mFrameRateOverridesByContent.begin(), mFrameRateOverridesByContent.end(),
                         frameRateOverrides.begin(), frameRateOverrides.end(),
                         [](const std::pair<uid_t, Fps>& a, const std::pair<uid_t, Fps>& b) {
@@ -795,6 +824,7 @@
     bool refreshRateChanged = false;
     bool frameRateOverridesChanged;
     scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
+    const auto refreshRateConfigs = holdRefreshRateConfigs();
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
         if (*currentState == newState) {
@@ -802,7 +832,7 @@
         }
         *currentState = newState;
         newModeId = calculateRefreshRateModeId(&consideredSignals);
-        const RefreshRate& newRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
+        const RefreshRate& newRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
         frameRateOverridesChanged =
                 updateFrameRateOverrides(consideredSignals, newRefreshRate.getFps());
         if (mFeatures.modeId == newModeId) {
@@ -817,7 +847,7 @@
         }
     }
     if (refreshRateChanged) {
-        const RefreshRate& newRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
+        const RefreshRate& newRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newModeId);
 
         mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate,
                                              consideredSignals.idle ? ModeEvent::None
@@ -834,20 +864,21 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (consideredSignals) *consideredSignals = {};
 
+    const auto refreshRateConfigs = holdRefreshRateConfigs();
     // If Display Power is not in normal operation we want to be in performance mode. When coming
     // back to normal mode, a grace period is given with DisplayPowerTimer.
     if (mDisplayPowerTimer &&
         (!mFeatures.isDisplayPowerStateNormal ||
          mFeatures.displayPowerTimer == TimerState::Reset)) {
-        return mRefreshRateConfigs.getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy().getModeId();
+        return refreshRateConfigs->getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy().getModeId();
     }
 
     const bool touchActive = mTouchTimer && mFeatures.touch == TouchState::Active;
     const bool idle = mIdleTimer && mFeatures.idleTimer == TimerState::Expired;
 
-    return mRefreshRateConfigs
-            .getBestRefreshRate(mFeatures.contentRequirements, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = idle},
-                                consideredSignals)
+    return refreshRateConfigs
+            ->getBestRefreshRate(mFeatures.contentRequirements,
+                                 {.touch = touchActive, .idle = idle}, consideredSignals)
             .getModeId();
 }
 
@@ -902,7 +933,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+    std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
     if (frameRateOverride.frameRateHz != 0.f) {
         mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor[frameRateOverride.uid] = Fps(frameRateOverride.frameRateHz);
     } else {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 7a2fdb5..dc17f90 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
     using RefreshRate = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate;
     using ModeEvent = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent;
 
-    Scheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&, ISchedulerCallback&);
+    Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&);
     ~Scheduler();
 
     using ConnectionHandle = scheduler::ConnectionHandle;
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
     void onScreenReleased(ConnectionHandle);
 
     void onFrameRateOverridesChanged(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId)
-            EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesMutex) EXCLUDES(mConnectionsLock);
+            EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesLock) EXCLUDES(mConnectionsLock);
 
     // Modifies work duration in the event thread.
     void setDuration(ConnectionHandle, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
     // no-op.
     // The period is the vsync period from the current display configuration.
     void resyncToHardwareVsync(bool makeAvailable, nsecs_t period);
-    void resync();
+    void resync() EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
 
     // Passes a vsync sample to VsyncController. periodFlushed will be true if
     // VsyncController detected that the vsync period changed, and false otherwise.
@@ -127,12 +127,13 @@
 
     // Layers are registered on creation, and unregistered when the weak reference expires.
     void registerLayer(Layer*);
-    void recordLayerHistory(Layer*, nsecs_t presentTime, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType updateType);
+    void recordLayerHistory(Layer*, nsecs_t presentTime, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType updateType)
+            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
     void setModeChangePending(bool pending);
     void deregisterLayer(Layer*);
 
     // Detects content using layer history, and selects a matching refresh rate.
-    void chooseRefreshRateForContent();
+    void chooseRefreshRateForContent() EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
 
     bool isIdleTimerEnabled() const { return mIdleTimer.has_value(); }
     void resetIdleTimer();
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@
     // Returns true if a given vsync timestamp is considered valid vsync
     // for a given uid
     bool isVsyncValid(nsecs_t expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid_t uid) const
-            EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+            EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
 
     std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point getPreviousVsyncFrom(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const;
 
@@ -176,9 +177,21 @@
 
     // Stores the preferred refresh rate that an app should run at.
     // FrameRateOverride.refreshRateHz == 0 means no preference.
-    void setPreferredRefreshRateForUid(FrameRateOverride) EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+    void setPreferredRefreshRateForUid(FrameRateOverride) EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
     // Retrieves the overridden refresh rate for a given uid.
-    std::optional<Fps> getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+    std::optional<Fps> getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const
+            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock, mFrameRateOverridesLock);
+
+    void setRefreshRateConfigs(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> refreshRateConfigs)
+            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        mRefreshRateConfigs = std::move(refreshRateConfigs);
+    }
+
+    nsecs_t getVsyncPeriodFromRefreshRateConfigs() const EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        return mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
+    }
 
 private:
     friend class TestableScheduler;
@@ -203,14 +216,14 @@
     };
 
     // Unlike the testing constructor, this creates the VsyncSchedule, LayerHistory, and timers.
-    Scheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&, ISchedulerCallback&, Options);
+    Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&, Options);
 
     // Used by tests to inject mocks.
-    Scheduler(VsyncSchedule, const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&, ISchedulerCallback&,
-              std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory>, Options);
+    Scheduler(VsyncSchedule, const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&,
+              ISchedulerCallback&, std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory>, Options);
 
     static VsyncSchedule createVsyncSchedule(bool supportKernelIdleTimer);
-    static std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> createLayerHistory(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&);
+    static std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> createLayerHistory();
 
     // Create a connection on the given EventThread.
     ConnectionHandle createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread>);
@@ -218,7 +231,7 @@
             EventThread*, ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {});
 
     // Update feature state machine to given state when corresponding timer resets or expires.
-    void kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState);
+    void kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState) EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
     void idleTimerCallback(TimerState);
     void touchTimerCallback(TimerState);
     void displayPowerTimerCallback(TimerState);
@@ -236,14 +249,21 @@
             scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals* consideredSignals = nullptr)
             REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock);
 
-    void dispatchCachedReportedMode() REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock);
+    void dispatchCachedReportedMode() REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock) EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
     bool updateFrameRateOverrides(scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals,
                                   Fps displayRefreshRate) REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock)
-            EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+            EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
 
-    impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const;
+    impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const
+            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
     impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const;
 
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> holdRefreshRateConfigs() const
+            EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+        return mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    }
+
     // Stores EventThread associated with a given VSyncSource, and an initial EventThreadConnection.
     struct Connection {
         sp<EventThreadConnection> connection;
@@ -304,7 +324,9 @@
         std::optional<ModeChangedParams> cachedModeChangedParams;
     } mFeatures GUARDED_BY(mFeatureStateLock);
 
-    const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    mutable std::mutex mRefreshRateConfigsLock;
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs
+            GUARDED_BY(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
 
     std::mutex mVsyncTimelineLock;
     std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline> mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline
@@ -315,14 +337,14 @@
 
     // The frame rate override lists need their own mutex as they are being read
     // by SurfaceFlinger, Scheduler and EventThread (as a callback) to prevent deadlocks
-    mutable std::mutex mFrameRateOverridesMutex;
+    mutable std::mutex mFrameRateOverridesLock;
 
     // mappings between a UID and a preferred refresh rate that this app would
     // run at.
     scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverridesByContent
-            GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+            GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
     scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor
-            GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesMutex);
+            GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 18cb0c2..40e0ed6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1073,7 +1073,13 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setDesiredActiveMode(const ActiveModeInfo& info) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(info.modeId);
+    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+    if (!display) {
+        ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto refreshRate = display->refreshRateConfigs().getRefreshRateFromModeId(info.modeId);
     ALOGV("%s(%s)", __func__, refreshRate.getName().c_str());
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mActiveModeLock);
@@ -1084,8 +1090,7 @@
         mDesiredActiveMode.event = mDesiredActiveMode.event | prevConfig;
     } else {
         // Check if we are already at the desired mode
-        const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
-        if (!display || display->getActiveMode()->getId() == refreshRate.getModeId()) {
+        if (display->getActiveMode()->getId() == refreshRate.getModeId()) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1136,7 +1141,7 @@
         const auto fps = mode->getFps();
         // Keep the old switching type.
         const auto allowGroupSwitching =
-                mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentPolicy().allowGroupSwitching;
+                display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentPolicy().allowGroupSwitching;
         const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy policy{mode->getId(),
                                                            allowGroupSwitching,
                                                            {fps, fps}};
@@ -1178,7 +1183,6 @@
     }
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mActiveModeLock);
-    mRefreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(mUpcomingActiveMode.modeId);
     display->setActiveMode(mUpcomingActiveMode.modeId);
 
     const Fps refreshRate = upcomingMode->getFps();
@@ -1744,7 +1748,12 @@
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::isDisplayModeAllowed(DisplayModeId modeId) const {
-    return mRefreshRateConfigs->isModeAllowed(modeId);
+    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+    if (display) {
+        return display->refreshRateConfigs().isModeAllowed(modeId);
+    }
+    ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
+    return false;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::changeRefreshRateLocked(const RefreshRate& refreshRate,
@@ -2470,7 +2479,6 @@
     // We call getTransactionFlags(), which will also clear the flags,
     // with mStateLock held to guarantee that mCurrentState won't change
     // until the transaction is committed.
-
     modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onTransactionCommit);
     transactionFlags = getTransactionFlags(eTransactionMask);
     handleTransactionLocked(transactionFlags);
@@ -2583,11 +2591,6 @@
                 sp<IBinder> token = new BBinder();
                 mCurrentState.displays.add(token, state);
                 mPhysicalDisplayTokens.emplace(displayId, std::move(token));
-
-                if (event.hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId()) {
-                    initScheduler(state);
-                }
-
                 mInterceptor->saveDisplayCreation(state);
             } else {
                 ALOGV("Recreating display %s", to_string(displayId).c_str());
@@ -2642,6 +2645,14 @@
     if (const auto& physical = state.physical) {
         creationArgs.connectionType = physical->type;
         creationArgs.supportedModes = physical->supportedModes;
+        creationArgs.activeModeId = physical->activeMode->getId();
+        scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Config config =
+                {.enableFrameRateOverride = android::sysprop::enable_frame_rate_override(false),
+                 .frameRateMultipleThreshold =
+                         base::GetIntProperty("debug.sf.frame_rate_multiple_threshold", 0)};
+        creationArgs.refreshRateConfigs =
+                std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(creationArgs.supportedModes,
+                                                                creationArgs.activeModeId, config);
     }
 
     if (const auto id = PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(compositionDisplay->getId())) {
@@ -2780,6 +2791,9 @@
     const auto display = setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(displayToken, std::move(compositionDisplay),
                                                        state, displaySurface, producer);
     mDisplays.emplace(displayToken, display);
+    if (display->isPrimary()) {
+        initScheduler(display);
+    }
     if (!state.isVirtual()) {
         dispatchDisplayHotplugEvent(display->getPhysicalId(), true);
     }
@@ -2847,8 +2861,7 @@
 
             // TODO(b/175678251) Call a listener instead.
             if (currentState.physical->hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId()) {
-                updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(currentState.physical->supportedModes,
-                                                 currentState.physical->activeMode->getId());
+                updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(display);
             }
         }
         return;
@@ -2884,11 +2897,9 @@
         }
     }
 }
-void SurfaceFlinger::updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(const DisplayModes& modes,
-                                                      DisplayModeId currentModeId) {
-    mRefreshRateConfigs->updateDisplayModes(modes, currentModeId);
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) {
     mVsyncConfiguration->reset();
-    const Fps refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
+    const Fps refreshRate = activeDisplay->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
     updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(refreshRate);
     if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
@@ -3122,24 +3133,15 @@
     mScheduler->onFrameRateOverridesChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::initScheduler(const DisplayDeviceState& displayState) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::initScheduler(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display) {
     if (mScheduler) {
         // In practice it's not allowed to hotplug in/out the primary display once it's been
         // connected during startup, but some tests do it, so just warn and return.
         ALOGW("Can't re-init scheduler");
         return;
     }
-    const auto displayId = displayState.physical->id;
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Config config =
-            {.enableFrameRateOverride = android::sysprop::enable_frame_rate_override(false),
-             .frameRateMultipleThreshold =
-                     base::GetIntProperty("debug.sf.frame_rate_multiple_threshold", 0)};
-    mRefreshRateConfigs =
-            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(displayState.physical->supportedModes,
-                                                            displayState.physical->activeMode
-                                                                    ->getId(),
-                                                            config);
-    const auto currRefreshRate = displayState.physical->activeMode->getFps();
+    const auto displayId = display->getId();
+    const auto currRefreshRate = display->getActiveMode()->getFps();
     mRefreshRateStats = std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mTimeStats, currRefreshRate,
                                                                       hal::PowerMode::OFF);
 
@@ -3147,7 +3149,7 @@
     mVsyncModulator.emplace(mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
 
     // start the EventThread
-    mScheduler = getFactory().createScheduler(*mRefreshRateConfigs, *this);
+    mScheduler = getFactory().createScheduler(display->holdRefreshRateConfigs(), *this);
     const auto configs = mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs();
     const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = currRefreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
     mAppConnectionHandle =
@@ -3176,9 +3178,9 @@
     // This is a bit hacky, but this avoids a back-pointer into the main SF
     // classes from EventThread, and there should be no run-time binder cost
     // anyway since there are no connected apps at this point.
-    mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, displayId,
-                                            displayState.physical->activeMode->getId(),
-                                            vsyncPeriod);
+    mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle,
+                                            *PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(displayId),
+                                            display->getActiveMode()->getId(), vsyncPeriod);
     static auto ignorePresentFences =
             base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.vsync_reactor_ignore_present_fences"s, false);
     mScheduler->setIgnorePresentFences(
@@ -4496,7 +4498,8 @@
                           {}, getpid(), getuid(), 0 /* Undefined transactionId */);
 
     setPowerModeInternal(display, hal::PowerMode::ON);
-    const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
+    const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod =
+            display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
     mAnimFrameTracker.setDisplayRefreshPeriod(vsyncPeriod);
     mDefaultDisplayTransformHint = display->getTransformHint();
     // Use phase of 0 since phase is not known.
@@ -4549,7 +4552,7 @@
     if (mInterceptor->isEnabled()) {
         mInterceptor->savePowerModeUpdate(display->getSequenceId(), static_cast<int32_t>(mode));
     }
-    const auto vsyncPeriod = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
+    const auto vsyncPeriod = display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
     if (currentMode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
         const auto activeDisplay = getDisplayDeviceLocked(mActiveDisplayToken);
         if (display->isInternal() && (!activeDisplay || !activeDisplay->isPoweredOn())) {
@@ -4781,8 +4784,6 @@
                   "      present offset: %9" PRId64 " ns\t     VSYNC period: %9" PRId64 " ns\n\n",
                   dispSyncPresentTimeOffset, getVsyncPeriodFromHWC());
 
-    mRefreshRateConfigs->dump(result);
-
     StringAppendF(&result, "(mode override by backdoor: %s)\n\n",
                   mDebugDisplayModeSetByBackdoor ? "yes" : "no");
 
@@ -5823,8 +5824,13 @@
                 desiredActiveMode ? std::make_optional(desiredActiveMode->modeId) : std::nullopt;
 
         const bool timerExpired = mKernelIdleTimerEnabled && expired;
+        const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
+        if (!display) {
+            ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
+            return;
+        }
         const auto newRefreshRate =
-                mRefreshRateConfigs->onKernelTimerChanged(desiredModeId, timerExpired);
+                display->refreshRateConfigs().onKernelTimerChanged(desiredModeId, timerExpired);
         if (newRefreshRate) {
             if (Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock); mRefreshRateOverlay) {
                 mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(*newRefreshRate);
@@ -5841,8 +5847,13 @@
     if (!mSupportKernelIdleTimer) {
         return;
     }
-    const KernelIdleTimerAction action = mRefreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction();
+    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+    if (!display) {
+        ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
 
+    const KernelIdleTimerAction action = display->refreshRateConfigs().getIdleTimerAction();
     switch (action) {
         case KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff:
             if (mKernelIdleTimerEnabled) {
@@ -6471,6 +6482,16 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
+    status_t setPolicyResult = overridePolicy
+            ? display->refreshRateConfigs().setOverridePolicy(policy)
+            : display->refreshRateConfigs().setDisplayManagerPolicy(*policy);
+    if (setPolicyResult < 0) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    if (setPolicyResult == scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::CURRENT_POLICY_UNCHANGED) {
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
     if (!isDefaultDisplay) {
         // TODO(b/144711714): For non-default displays we should be able to set an active mode
         // as well. For now, just call directly to initiateModeChange but ideally
@@ -6497,16 +6518,8 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    status_t setPolicyResult = overridePolicy
-            ? mRefreshRateConfigs->setOverridePolicy(policy)
-            : mRefreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(*policy);
-    if (setPolicyResult < 0) {
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-    if (setPolicyResult == scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::CURRENT_POLICY_UNCHANGED) {
-        return NO_ERROR;
-    }
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy currentPolicy = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentPolicy();
+    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy currentPolicy =
+            display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentPolicy();
 
     ALOGV("Setting desired display mode specs: %s", currentPolicy.toString().c_str());
 
@@ -6519,11 +6532,9 @@
                                             vsyncPeriod);
     toggleKernelIdleTimer();
 
-    auto modeId = mScheduler->getPreferredModeId();
-    auto preferredRefreshRate = modeId
-            ? mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(*modeId)
-            // NOTE: Choose the default mode ID, if Scheduler doesn't have one in mind.
-            : mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(currentPolicy.defaultMode);
+    auto modeId = mScheduler->getPreferredModeId() ? *mScheduler->getPreferredModeId()
+                                                   : currentPolicy.defaultMode;
+    auto preferredRefreshRate = display->refreshRateConfigs().getRefreshRateFromModeId(modeId);
     ALOGV("trying to switch to Scheduler preferred mode %d (%s)",
           preferredRefreshRate.getModeId().value(), preferredRefreshRate.getName().c_str());
 
@@ -6593,29 +6604,19 @@
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
-    if (display == getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
-        scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy policy =
-                mRefreshRateConfigs->getDisplayManagerPolicy();
-        *outDefaultMode = policy.defaultMode.value();
-        *outAllowGroupSwitching = policy.allowGroupSwitching;
-        *outPrimaryRefreshRateMin = policy.primaryRange.min.getValue();
-        *outPrimaryRefreshRateMax = policy.primaryRange.max.getValue();
-        *outAppRequestRefreshRateMin = policy.appRequestRange.min.getValue();
-        *outAppRequestRefreshRateMax = policy.appRequestRange.max.getValue();
-        return NO_ERROR;
-    } else if (display->isVirtual()) {
+    if (display->isVirtual()) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
-    } else {
-        const auto activeMode = display->getActiveMode();
-        *outDefaultMode = activeMode->getId().value();
-        *outAllowGroupSwitching = false;
-        auto vsyncPeriod = activeMode->getVsyncPeriod();
-        *outPrimaryRefreshRateMin = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(vsyncPeriod).getValue();
-        *outPrimaryRefreshRateMax = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(vsyncPeriod).getValue();
-        *outAppRequestRefreshRateMin = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(vsyncPeriod).getValue();
-        *outAppRequestRefreshRateMax = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(vsyncPeriod).getValue();
-        return NO_ERROR;
     }
+
+    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy policy =
+            display->refreshRateConfigs().getDisplayManagerPolicy();
+    *outDefaultMode = policy.defaultMode.value();
+    *outAllowGroupSwitching = policy.allowGroupSwitching;
+    *outPrimaryRefreshRateMin = policy.primaryRange.min.getValue();
+    *outPrimaryRefreshRateMax = policy.primaryRange.max.getValue();
+    *outAppRequestRefreshRateMin = policy.appRequestRange.min.getValue();
+    *outAppRequestRefreshRateMax = policy.appRequestRange.max.getValue();
+    return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 wp<Layer> SurfaceFlinger::fromHandle(const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
@@ -6746,7 +6747,8 @@
             // matter for the override policy though, since we set allowGroupSwitching to
             // true, so it's not a problem.
             scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy overridePolicy;
-            overridePolicy.defaultMode = mRefreshRateConfigs->getDisplayManagerPolicy().defaultMode;
+            overridePolicy.defaultMode =
+                    display->refreshRateConfigs().getDisplayManagerPolicy().defaultMode;
             overridePolicy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
             constexpr bool kOverridePolicy = true;
             result = setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(display, overridePolicy, kOverridePolicy);
@@ -6860,7 +6862,14 @@
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getMaxAcquiredBufferCount(int* buffers) const {
-    const auto maxSupportedRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs->getSupportedRefreshRateRange().max;
+    const auto maxSupportedRefreshRate = [&] {
+        const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDevice();
+        if (display) {
+            return display->refreshRateConfigs().getSupportedRefreshRateRange().max;
+        }
+        ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
+        return Fps(60);
+    }();
     *buffers = getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(maxSupportedRefreshRate);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -6871,7 +6880,14 @@
         if (frameRateOverride.has_value()) {
             return frameRateOverride.value();
         }
-        return mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
+
+        const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
+        if (display) {
+            return display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
+        }
+
+        ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
+        return Fps(60);
     }();
     return getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(refreshRate);
 }
@@ -6999,8 +7015,8 @@
         ALOGE("%s: activeDisplay is null", __func__);
         return;
     }
-    updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(activeDisplay->getSupportedModes(),
-                                     activeDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId());
+    updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(activeDisplay);
+    mScheduler->setRefreshRateConfigs(activeDisplay->holdRefreshRateConfigs());
     onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(activeDisplay);
     if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
         mRefreshRateOverlay->setViewport(activeDisplay->getSize());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 338aa18..1271596 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
               typename Handler = VsyncModulator::VsyncConfigOpt (VsyncModulator::*)(Args...)>
     void modulateVsync(Handler handler, Args... args) {
         if (const auto config = (*mVsyncModulator.*handler)(args...)) {
-            const auto vsyncPeriod = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
+            const auto vsyncPeriod = mScheduler->getVsyncPeriodFromRefreshRateConfigs();
             setVsyncConfig(*config, vsyncPeriod);
         }
     }
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@
     // Called when the frame rate override list changed to trigger an event.
     void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() override;
     // Toggles the kernel idle timer on or off depending the policy decisions around refresh rates.
-    void toggleKernelIdleTimer();
+    void toggleKernelIdleTimer() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // Keeps track of whether the kernel idle timer is currently enabled, so we don't have to
     // make calls to sys prop each time.
     bool mKernelIdleTimerEnabled = false;
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@
     void commitInputWindowCommands() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void updateCursorAsync();
 
-    void initScheduler(const DisplayDeviceState&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    void initScheduler(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void updatePhaseConfiguration(const Fps&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void setVsyncConfig(const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig&, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod);
 
@@ -975,7 +975,7 @@
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    sp<const DisplayDevice> getDefaultDisplayDevice() EXCLUDES(mStateLock) {
+    sp<const DisplayDevice> getDefaultDisplayDevice() const EXCLUDES(mStateLock) {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
         return getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
     }
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
                                                std::chrono::nanoseconds presentLatency);
     int getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(Fps refreshRate) const;
 
-    void updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(const DisplayModes& modes, DisplayModeId currentModeId)
+    void updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     sp<StartPropertySetThread> mStartPropertySetThread;
@@ -1410,7 +1410,6 @@
     // Optional to defer construction until PhaseConfiguration is created.
     std::optional<scheduler::VsyncModulator> mVsyncModulator;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
 
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedPresentTime = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
index 4a75180..89d1c4d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
@@ -65,8 +65,9 @@
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> DefaultFactory::createScheduler(
-        const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs, ISchedulerCallback& callback) {
-    return std::make_unique<Scheduler>(configs, callback);
+        const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& refreshRateConfigs,
+        ISchedulerCallback& callback) {
+    return std::make_unique<Scheduler>(std::move(refreshRateConfigs), callback);
 }
 
 sp<SurfaceInterceptor> DefaultFactory::createSurfaceInterceptor() {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
index 24148dd..b8bf2ba 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
     std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() override;
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) override;
-    std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&,
-                                               ISchedulerCallback&) override;
+    std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
+            const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&) override;
     sp<SurfaceInterceptor> createSurfaceInterceptor() override;
     sp<StartPropertySetThread> createStartPropertySetThread(bool timestampPropertyValue) override;
     sp<DisplayDevice> createDisplayDevice(DisplayDeviceCreationArgs&) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
index 885297f..13c95dd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@
     virtual std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) = 0;
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&,
-                                                       ISchedulerCallback&) = 0;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
+            const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&) = 0;
     virtual sp<SurfaceInterceptor> createSurfaceInterceptor() = 0;
 
     virtual sp<StartPropertySetThread> createStartPropertySetThread(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
index b67ebca..d0d5ca4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 
 using testing::_;
 using testing::Return;
+using testing::ReturnRef;
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -62,6 +63,10 @@
     LayerHistory& history() { return *mScheduler->mutableLayerHistory(); }
     const LayerHistory& history() const { return *mScheduler->mutableLayerHistory(); }
 
+    LayerHistory::Summary summarizeLayerHistory(nsecs_t now) {
+        return history().summarize(*mScheduler->refreshRateConfigs(), now);
+    }
+
     size_t layerCount() const { return mScheduler->layerHistorySize(); }
     size_t activeLayerCount() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS { return history().mActiveLayersEnd; }
 
@@ -101,7 +106,7 @@
             history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
             time += frameRate.getPeriodNsecs();
 
-            summary = history().summarize(time);
+            summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
         }
 
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
@@ -110,21 +115,24 @@
                 << "Frame rate is " << frameRate;
     }
 
-    RefreshRateConfigs mConfigs{{DisplayMode::Builder(0)
-                                         .setId(DisplayModeId(0))
-                                         .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(LO_FPS_PERIOD))
-                                         .setGroup(0)
-                                         .build(),
-                                 DisplayMode::Builder(1)
-                                         .setId(DisplayModeId(1))
-                                         .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(HI_FPS_PERIOD))
-                                         .setGroup(0)
-                                         .build()},
-                                DisplayModeId(0)};
+    std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> mConfigs =
+            std::make_shared<RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{DisplayMode::Builder(0)
+                                                                      .setId(DisplayModeId(0))
+                                                                      .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(
+                                                                              LO_FPS_PERIOD))
+                                                                      .setGroup(0)
+                                                                      .build(),
+                                                              DisplayMode::Builder(1)
+                                                                      .setId(DisplayModeId(1))
+                                                                      .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(
+                                                                              HI_FPS_PERIOD))
+                                                                      .setGroup(0)
+                                                                      .build()},
+                                                 DisplayModeId(0));
 
-    mock::NoOpSchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
+    mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
 
-    TestableScheduler* const mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mConfigs, mSchedulerCallback);
+    TestableScheduler* mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mConfigs, mSchedulerCallback);
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
 };
@@ -142,22 +150,22 @@
     const nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
     // No layers returned if no layers are active.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
 
     // Max returned if active layers have insufficient history.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE - 1; i++) {
         history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     }
 
     // Max is returned since we have enough history but there is no timestamp votes.
     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     }
 }
@@ -173,17 +181,17 @@
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
     history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    auto summary = history().summarize(time);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
+    auto summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     // Layer is still considered inactive so we expect to get Min
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     history().record(layer.get(), 0, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
-    summary = history().summarize(time);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
 }
 
@@ -201,9 +209,9 @@
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -224,13 +232,13 @@
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer became inactive
     time += MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -251,14 +259,14 @@
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer became inactive
     time += MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -279,14 +287,14 @@
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer became inactive
     time += MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -307,18 +315,18 @@
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer became inactive, but the vote stays
     setDefaultLayerVote(layer.get(), LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic);
     time += MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -339,20 +347,20 @@
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
-              history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+              summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer became inactive, but the vote stays
     setDefaultLayerVote(layer.get(), LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic);
     time += MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
-              history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+              summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -383,7 +391,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer1.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
-        summary = history().summarize(time);
+        summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
@@ -395,7 +403,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
-        summary = history().summarize(time);
+        summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
 
     // layer1 is still active but infrequent.
@@ -404,7 +412,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summary[0].vote);
     ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(history().summarize(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -414,7 +422,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < 2 * PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
-        summary = history().summarize(time);
+        summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
@@ -433,7 +441,7 @@
 
         history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
-        summary = history().summarize(time);
+        summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
@@ -445,7 +453,7 @@
 
     // layer3 becomes recently active.
     history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
     EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
@@ -456,7 +464,7 @@
 
     // layer1 expires.
     layer1.clear();
-    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
@@ -472,7 +480,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
-        summary = history().summarize(time);
+        summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
@@ -483,7 +491,7 @@
 
     // layer2 expires.
     layer2.clear();
-    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     EXPECT_TRUE(summary.empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
@@ -493,7 +501,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE + FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE + 1; i++) {
         history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
-        summary = history().summarize(time);
+        summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
@@ -505,7 +513,7 @@
 
     // layer3 expires.
     layer3.clear();
-    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     EXPECT_TRUE(summary.empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
@@ -526,8 +534,8 @@
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
         EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
         EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
     }
@@ -537,8 +545,8 @@
     time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -551,8 +559,8 @@
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
 
         EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
         EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
     }
@@ -562,8 +570,8 @@
     time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -590,10 +598,10 @@
                      LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(2, layerCount());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
-              history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+              summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -617,8 +625,8 @@
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, animatingLayerCount(time));
@@ -627,8 +635,8 @@
     history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
     time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, animatingLayerCount(time));
@@ -637,8 +645,8 @@
     history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX);
     time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
     EXPECT_EQ(1, animatingLayerCount(time));
@@ -727,13 +735,13 @@
         }
 
         if (time - startTime > PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_DURATION.count()) {
-            ASSERT_NE(0, history().summarize(time).size());
-            ASSERT_GE(2, history().summarize(time).size());
+            ASSERT_NE(0, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
+            ASSERT_GE(2, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
 
             bool max = false;
             bool min = false;
             Fps heuristic{0.0};
-            for (const auto& layer : history().summarize(time)) {
+            for (const auto& layer : summarizeLayerHistory(time)) {
                 if (layer.vote == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
                     heuristic = layer.desiredRefreshRate;
                 } else if (layer.vote == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max) {
@@ -746,7 +754,7 @@
             if (infrequentLayerUpdates > FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE) {
                 EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(24.0f).equalsWithMargin(heuristic));
                 EXPECT_FALSE(max);
-                if (history().summarize(time).size() == 2) {
+                if (summarizeLayerHistory(time).size() == 2) {
                     EXPECT_TRUE(min);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
index 3423bd5..e0b0a87 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
@@ -2272,26 +2272,6 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, updateDisplayModes) {
-    auto refreshRateConfigs =
-            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
-                                                 /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_30);
-    refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({DisplayModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30),
-                                                 /* allowGroupSwitching */ false,
-                                                 /* range */ {Fps(30.0f), Fps(30.0f)}});
-
-    refreshRateConfigs->updateDisplayModes(m60_90Device, HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
-
-    const auto currentRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(currentRefreshRate.getFps().equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(currentRefreshRate.getModeId(), HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(
-            getMaxSupportedRefreshRate(*refreshRateConfigs).getFps().equalsWithMargin(Fps(90.0)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(
-            getMinSupportedRefreshRate(*refreshRateConfigs).getFps().equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0)));
-}
-
 } // namespace
 } // namespace scheduler
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index e51db84..1f5fec0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@
                                            .setGroup(0)
                                            .build();
 
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs mConfigs{{mode60}, mode60->getId()};
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mConfigs =
+            std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60}, mode60->getId());
 
     mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
 
@@ -182,7 +183,9 @@
     sp<mock::MockLayer> layer = sp<mock::MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
     ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(1), mScheduler->layerHistorySize());
 
-    mConfigs.updateDisplayModes({mode60, mode120}, /* activeMode */ mode60->getId());
+    mScheduler->setRefreshRateConfigs(
+            std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60, mode120},
+                                                            mode60->getId()));
 
     ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(0), mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
     mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
@@ -225,7 +228,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, chooseRefreshRateForContentSelectsMaxRefreshRate) {
-    mConfigs.updateDisplayModes({mode60, mode120}, /* activeMode */ mode60->getId());
+    mScheduler->setRefreshRateConfigs(
+            std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60, mode120},
+                                                            mode60->getId()));
 
     sp<mock::MockLayer> layer = sp<mock::MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
index 1ed52ea..8e7554b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
@@ -479,7 +479,9 @@
             ->record(child.get(), 0, 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
     const auto layerHistorySummary =
-            mFlinger.mutableScheduler().mutableLayerHistory()->summarize(0);
+            mFlinger.mutableScheduler()
+                    .mutableLayerHistory()
+                    ->summarize(*mFlinger.mutableScheduler().refreshRateConfigs(), 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(2u, layerHistorySummary.size());
     EXPECT_TRUE(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate.equalsWithMargin(layerHistorySummary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
     EXPECT_TRUE(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate.equalsWithMargin(layerHistorySummary[1].desiredRefreshRate));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index 41fd6e3..3b129d5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -32,15 +32,18 @@
 
 class TestableScheduler : public Scheduler {
 public:
-    TestableScheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+    TestableScheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& refreshRateConfigs,
+                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : TestableScheduler(std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
-                              std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(), configs, callback) {}
+                              std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(), refreshRateConfigs,
+                              callback) {}
 
     TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncController> vsyncController,
                       std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> vsyncTracker,
-                      const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
-          : Scheduler({std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker), nullptr}, configs,
-                      callback, createLayerHistory(configs),
+                      const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& refreshRateConfigs,
+                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+          : Scheduler({std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker), nullptr},
+                      refreshRateConfigs, callback, createLayerHistory(),
                       {.supportKernelTimer = false, .useContentDetection = true}) {}
 
     // Used to inject mock event thread.
@@ -64,6 +67,8 @@
         return mutableLayerHistory()->mLayerInfos.size();
     }
 
+    auto refreshRateConfigs() { return holdRefreshRateConfigs(); }
+
     size_t getNumActiveLayers() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
         if (!mLayerHistory) return 0;
         return mutableLayerHistory()->mActiveLayersEnd;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 7f6e05e..0dc5b4f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@
         return std::make_unique<scheduler::FakePhaseOffsets>();
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&,
-                                               ISchedulerCallback&) override {
+    std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
+            const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&) override {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -222,18 +222,16 @@
         }
 
         const auto currMode = DisplayModeId(0);
-        mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs =
-                std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, currMode);
-        const auto currFps =
-                mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(currMode).getFps();
+        mRefreshRateConfigs = std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, currMode);
+        const auto currFps = mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
+        mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration = mFactory.createVsyncConfiguration(currFps);
+        mFlinger->mVsyncModulator.emplace(mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
         mFlinger->mRefreshRateStats =
                 std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger->mTimeStats, currFps,
                                                               /*powerMode=*/hal::PowerMode::OFF);
-        mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration = mFactory.createVsyncConfiguration(currFps);
-        mFlinger->mVsyncModulator.emplace(mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
 
         mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker),
-                                           *mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs, *(callback ?: this));
+                                           mRefreshRateConfigs, *(callback ?: this));
 
         mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(appEventThread));
         mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(sfEventThread));
@@ -653,6 +651,7 @@
 
             DisplayModes modes{activeMode};
             mCreationArgs.supportedModes = modes;
+            mCreationArgs.refreshRateConfigs = flinger.mRefreshRateConfigs;
         }
 
         sp<IBinder> token() const { return mDisplayToken; }
@@ -769,6 +768,7 @@
     surfaceflinger::test::Factory mFactory;
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger = new SurfaceFlinger(mFactory, SurfaceFlinger::SkipInitialization);
     TestableScheduler* mScheduler = nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index 7c431a0..1a50427 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncTracker, currentPeriod())
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD));
 
+        mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
         mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<mock::VsyncController>(mVsyncController),
                                 std::unique_ptr<mock::VSyncTracker>(mVSyncTracker),
                                 std::move(eventThread), std::move(sfEventThread));