diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index fdee3e5..d77b458 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -2761,6 +2761,11 @@
     }
 }
 
+static bool IsConsentlessBugreportAllowed(const Dumpstate::DumpOptions& options) {
+    // only BUGREPORT_TELEPHONY does not allow using consentless bugreport
+    return !options.telephony_only;
+}
+
 static void SetOptionsFromMode(Dumpstate::BugreportMode mode, Dumpstate::DumpOptions* options,
                                bool is_screenshot_requested) {
     // Modify com.android.shell.BugreportProgressService#isDefaultScreenshotRequired as well for
@@ -3332,9 +3337,12 @@
     android::String16 package(calling_package.c_str());
     if (ics != nullptr) {
         MYLOGD("Checking user consent via incidentcompanion service\n");
+        int flags = 0x1; // IncidentManager.FLAG_CONFIRMATION_DIALOG
+        if (IsConsentlessBugreportAllowed(*options_)) {
+            flags |= 0x2; // IncidentManager.FLAG_ALLOW_CONSENTLESS_BUGREPORT
+        }
         android::interface_cast<android::os::IIncidentCompanion>(ics)->authorizeReport(
-            calling_uid, package, String16(), String16(),
-            0x1 /* FLAG_CONFIRMATION_DIALOG */, consent_callback_.get());
+            calling_uid, package, String16(), String16(), flags, consent_callback_.get());
     } else {
         MYLOGD("Unable to check user consent; incidentcompanion service unavailable\n");
     }
diff --git a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
index ff73c94..e54f9d3 100644
--- a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
+++ b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
@@ -353,8 +353,16 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    auto vintfFqInstance = vintf::FqInstance::from(fqInstance.string());
+    if (!vintfFqInstance.has_value()) {
+        err() << "Unable to convert " << fqInstance.string() << " to vintf::FqInstance"
+              << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
     std::string e;
-    if (!manifest->insertInstance(fqInstance, entry.transport, arch, vintf::HalFormat::HIDL, &e)) {
+    if (!manifest->insertInstance(*vintfFqInstance, entry.transport, arch, vintf::HalFormat::HIDL,
+                                  &e)) {
         err() << "Warning: Cannot insert '" << fqInstance.string() << ": " << e << std::endl;
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/data/etc/Android.bp b/data/etc/Android.bp
index bdd5172..a737bd3 100644
--- a/data/etc/Android.bp
+++ b/data/etc/Android.bp
@@ -167,6 +167,12 @@
 }
 
 prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "android.hardware.telephony.satellite.prebuilt.xml",
+    src: "android.hardware.telephony.satellite.xml",
+    defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
     name: "android.hardware.usb.accessory.prebuilt.xml",
     src: "android.hardware.usb.accessory.xml",
     defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
diff --git a/data/etc/android.hardware.telephony.satellite.xml b/data/etc/android.hardware.telephony.satellite.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5966cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/etc/android.hardware.telephony.satellite.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<!-- Feature for devices that support Satellite communication via Satellite HAL APIs. -->
+<permissions>
+    <feature name="android.hardware.telephony.satellite" />
+</permissions>
diff --git a/include/android/configuration.h b/include/android/configuration.h
index 88019ae..46c7dfe 100644
--- a/include/android/configuration.h
+++ b/include/android/configuration.h
@@ -471,10 +471,36 @@
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_COLOR_MODE = 0x10000,
     /**
+     * Bit mask for
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#GrammaticalInflectionQualifier">grammatical gender</a>
+     * configuration.
+     */
+    ACONFIGURATION_GRAMMATICAL_GENDER = 0x20000,
+    /**
      * Constant used to to represent MNC (Mobile Network Code) zero.
      * 0 cannot be used, since it is used to represent an undefined MNC.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_MNC_ZERO = 0xffff,
+
+    /**
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#GrammaticalInflectionQualifier">Grammatical gender</a>: not specified.
+     */
+    ACONFIGURATION_GRAMMATICAL_GENDER_ANY = 0,
+
+    /**
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#GrammaticalInflectionQualifier">Grammatical gender</a>: neuter.
+     */
+    ACONFIGURATION_GRAMMATICAL_GENDER_NEUTER = 1,
+
+    /**
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#GrammaticalInflectionQualifier">Grammatical gender</a>: feminine.
+     */
+    ACONFIGURATION_GRAMMATICAL_GENDER_FEMININE = 2,
+
+    /**
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#GrammaticalInflectionQualifier">Grammatical gender</a>: masculine.
+     */
+    ACONFIGURATION_GRAMMATICAL_GENDER_MASCULINE = 3,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -726,6 +752,24 @@
 void AConfiguration_setLayoutDirection(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value) __INTRODUCED_IN(17);
 
 /**
+ * Return the configuration's grammatical gender, or ACONFIGURATION_GRAMMATICAL_GENDER_ANY if
+ * not set.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 34.
+ */
+int32_t AConfiguration_getGrammaticalGender(AConfiguration* config)
+    __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_U__);
+
+/**
+ * Set the configuration's grammatical gender to one of the
+ * ACONFIGURATION_GRAMMATICAL_GENDER_* constants.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 34.
+ */
+void AConfiguration_setGrammaticalGender(AConfiguration* config, int32_t value)
+    __INTRODUCED_IN(__ANDROID_API_U__);
+
+/**
  * Perform a diff between two configurations.  Returns a bit mask of
  * ACONFIGURATION_* constants, each bit set meaning that configuration element
  * is different between them.
diff --git a/include/input/Input.h b/include/input/Input.h
index 62d84e1..7573282 100644
--- a/include/input/Input.h
+++ b/include/input/Input.h
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
     inline nsecs_t getEventTime() const { return mEventTime; }
 
     static const char* getLabel(int32_t keyCode);
-    static int32_t getKeyCodeFromLabel(const char* label);
+    static std::optional<int> getKeyCodeFromLabel(const char* label);
 
     void initialize(int32_t id, int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source, int32_t displayId,
                     std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac, int32_t action, int32_t flags, int32_t keyCode,
@@ -550,6 +550,8 @@
     nsecs_t mEventTime;
 };
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const KeyEvent& event);
+
 /*
  * Motion events.
  */
@@ -840,7 +842,7 @@
     }
 
     static const char* getLabel(int32_t axis);
-    static int32_t getAxisFromLabel(const char* label);
+    static std::optional<int> getAxisFromLabel(const char* label);
 
     static std::string actionToString(int32_t action);
 
@@ -1132,6 +1134,7 @@
     TYPE_ZOOM_OUT = 1019,
     TYPE_GRAB = 1020,
     TYPE_GRABBING = 1021,
+    TYPE_HANDWRITING = 1022,
 
     TYPE_SPOT_HOVER = 2000,
     TYPE_SPOT_TOUCH = 2001,
diff --git a/include/input/InputDevice.h b/include/input/InputDevice.h
index 09933d3..66d3435 100644
--- a/include/input/InputDevice.h
+++ b/include/input/InputDevice.h
@@ -214,6 +214,12 @@
     std::string layoutType;
 };
 
+// The version of the Universal Stylus Initiative (USI) protocol supported by the input device.
+struct InputDeviceUsiVersion {
+    int32_t majorVersion = -1;
+    int32_t minorVersion = -1;
+};
+
 /*
  * Describes the characteristics and capabilities of an input device.
  */
@@ -235,7 +241,7 @@
 
     void initialize(int32_t id, int32_t generation, int32_t controllerNumber,
                     const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier, const std::string& alias,
-                    bool isExternal, bool hasMic);
+                    bool isExternal, bool hasMic, int32_t associatedDisplayId);
 
     inline int32_t getId() const { return mId; }
     inline int32_t getControllerNumber() const { return mControllerNumber; }
@@ -295,8 +301,12 @@
 
     std::vector<InputDeviceLightInfo> getLights();
 
-    inline void setSupportsUsi(bool supportsUsi) { mSupportsUsi = supportsUsi; }
-    inline bool supportsUsi() const { return mSupportsUsi; }
+    inline void setUsiVersion(std::optional<InputDeviceUsiVersion> usiVersion) {
+        mUsiVersion = std::move(usiVersion);
+    }
+    inline std::optional<InputDeviceUsiVersion> getUsiVersion() const { return mUsiVersion; }
+
+    inline int32_t getAssociatedDisplayId() const { return mAssociatedDisplayId; }
 
 private:
     int32_t mId;
@@ -310,8 +320,8 @@
     uint32_t mSources;
     int32_t mKeyboardType;
     std::shared_ptr<KeyCharacterMap> mKeyCharacterMap;
-    // Whether this device supports the Universal Stylus Initiative (USI) protocol for styluses.
-    bool mSupportsUsi;
+    std::optional<InputDeviceUsiVersion> mUsiVersion;
+    int32_t mAssociatedDisplayId;
 
     bool mHasVibrator;
     bool mHasBattery;
diff --git a/include/input/InputEventLabels.h b/include/input/InputEventLabels.h
index b4374ac..4668fce 100644
--- a/include/input/InputEventLabels.h
+++ b/include/input/InputEventLabels.h
@@ -35,22 +35,22 @@
 
 class InputEventLookup {
 public:
-    static int lookupValueByLabel(const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& map,
-                                  const char* literal);
+    static std::optional<int> lookupValueByLabel(const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& map,
+                                                 const char* literal);
 
     static const char* lookupLabelByValue(const std::vector<InputEventLabel>& vec, int value);
 
-    static int32_t getKeyCodeByLabel(const char* label);
+    static std::optional<int> getKeyCodeByLabel(const char* label);
 
     static const char* getLabelByKeyCode(int32_t keyCode);
 
-    static uint32_t getKeyFlagByLabel(const char* label);
+    static std::optional<int> getKeyFlagByLabel(const char* label);
 
-    static int32_t getAxisByLabel(const char* label);
+    static std::optional<int> getAxisByLabel(const char* label);
 
     static const char* getAxisLabel(int32_t axisId);
 
-    static int32_t getLedByLabel(const char* label);
+    static std::optional<int> getLedByLabel(const char* label);
 
 private:
     static const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> KEYCODES;
diff --git a/include/input/PrintTools.h b/include/input/PrintTools.h
index e24344b..02bc201 100644
--- a/include/input/PrintTools.h
+++ b/include/input/PrintTools.h
@@ -16,18 +16,35 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <bitset>
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace android {
 
+template <size_t N>
+std::string bitsetToString(const std::bitset<N>& bitset) {
+    return bitset.to_string();
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 inline std::string constToString(const T& v) {
     return std::to_string(v);
 }
 
+template <>
+inline std::string constToString(const bool& value) {
+    return value ? "true" : "false";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline std::string constToString(const std::vector<bool>::reference& value) {
+    return value ? "true" : "false";
+}
+
 inline std::string constToString(const std::string& s) {
     return s;
 }
@@ -70,6 +87,19 @@
     return out;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convert a vector to a string. The values of the vector should be of a type supported by
+ * constToString.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+std::string dumpVector(std::vector<T> values) {
+    std::string dump = constToString(values[0]);
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < values.size(); i++) {
+        dump += ", " + constToString(values[i]);
+    }
+    return dump;
+}
+
 const char* toString(bool value);
 
 /**
@@ -81,4 +111,4 @@
  */
 std::string addLinePrefix(std::string str, const std::string& prefix);
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/include/input/VelocityTracker.h b/include/input/VelocityTracker.h
index 62c3ae1..da97c3e 100644
--- a/include/input/VelocityTracker.h
+++ b/include/input/VelocityTracker.h
@@ -51,33 +51,24 @@
         static const size_t MAX_DEGREE = 4;
 
         // Estimator time base.
-        nsecs_t time;
+        nsecs_t time = 0;
 
         // Polynomial coefficients describing motion.
-        float coeff[MAX_DEGREE + 1];
+        std::array<float, MAX_DEGREE + 1> coeff{};
 
         // Polynomial degree (number of coefficients), or zero if no information is
         // available.
-        uint32_t degree;
+        uint32_t degree = 0;
 
         // Confidence (coefficient of determination), between 0 (no fit) and 1 (perfect fit).
-        float confidence;
-
-        inline void clear() {
-            time = 0;
-            degree = 0;
-            confidence = 0;
-            for (size_t i = 0; i <= MAX_DEGREE; i++) {
-                coeff[i] = 0;
-            }
-        }
+        float confidence = 0;
     };
 
     /*
      * Contains all available velocity data from a VelocityTracker.
      */
     struct ComputedVelocity {
-        inline std::optional<float> getVelocity(int32_t axis, uint32_t id) const {
+        inline std::optional<float> getVelocity(int32_t axis, int32_t id) const {
             const auto& axisVelocities = mVelocities.find(axis);
             if (axisVelocities == mVelocities.end()) {
                 return {};
@@ -91,7 +82,7 @@
             return axisIdVelocity->second;
         }
 
-        inline void addVelocity(int32_t axis, uint32_t id, float velocity) {
+        inline void addVelocity(int32_t axis, int32_t id, float velocity) {
             mVelocities[axis][id] = velocity;
         }
 
@@ -112,19 +103,13 @@
     // Resets the velocity tracker state.
     void clear();
 
-    // Resets the velocity tracker state for specific pointers.
+    // Resets the velocity tracker state for a specific pointer.
     // Call this method when some pointers have changed and may be reusing
     // an id that was assigned to a different pointer earlier.
-    void clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits);
+    void clearPointer(int32_t pointerId);
 
-    // Adds movement information for a set of pointers.
-    // The idBits bitfield specifies the pointer ids of the pointers whose data points
-    // are included in the movement.
-    // The positions map contains a mapping of an axis to positions array.
-    // The positions arrays contain information for each pointer in order by increasing id.
-    // Each array's size should be equal to the number of one bits in idBits.
-    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                     const std::map<int32_t, std::vector<float>>& positions);
+    // Adds movement information for a pointer for a specific axis
+    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId, int32_t axis, float position);
 
     // Adds movement information for all pointers in a MotionEvent, including historical samples.
     void addMovement(const MotionEvent* event);
@@ -132,7 +117,7 @@
     // Returns the velocity of the specified pointer id and axis in position units per second.
     // Returns empty optional if there is insufficient movement information for the pointer, or if
     // the given axis is not supported for velocity tracking.
-    std::optional<float> getVelocity(int32_t axis, uint32_t id) const;
+    std::optional<float> getVelocity(int32_t axis, int32_t pointerId) const;
 
     // Returns a ComputedVelocity instance with all available velocity data, using the given units
     // (reference: units == 1 means "per millisecond"), and clamping each velocity between
@@ -142,15 +127,15 @@
     // Gets an estimator for the recent movements of the specified pointer id for the given axis.
     // Returns false and clears the estimator if there is no information available
     // about the pointer.
-    bool getEstimator(int32_t axis, uint32_t id, Estimator* outEstimator) const;
+    std::optional<Estimator> getEstimator(int32_t axis, int32_t pointerId) const;
 
     // Gets the active pointer id, or -1 if none.
-    inline int32_t getActivePointerId() const { return mActivePointerId; }
+    inline int32_t getActivePointerId() const { return mActivePointerId.value_or(-1); }
 
 private:
     nsecs_t mLastEventTime;
     BitSet32 mCurrentPointerIdBits;
-    int32_t mActivePointerId;
+    std::optional<int32_t> mActivePointerId;
 
     // An override strategy passed in the constructor to be used for all axes.
     // This strategy will apply to all axes, unless the default strategy is specified here.
@@ -182,10 +167,9 @@
 public:
     virtual ~VelocityTrackerStrategy() { }
 
-    virtual void clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits) = 0;
-    virtual void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                             const std::vector<float>& positions) = 0;
-    virtual bool getEstimator(uint32_t id, VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const = 0;
+    virtual void clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) = 0;
+    virtual void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId, float position) = 0;
+    virtual std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> getEstimator(int32_t pointerId) const = 0;
 };
 
 
@@ -194,29 +178,28 @@
  */
 class LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy : public VelocityTrackerStrategy {
 public:
-    enum Weighting {
+    enum class Weighting {
         // No weights applied.  All data points are equally reliable.
-        WEIGHTING_NONE,
+        NONE,
 
         // Weight by time delta.  Data points clustered together are weighted less.
-        WEIGHTING_DELTA,
+        DELTA,
 
         // Weight such that points within a certain horizon are weighed more than those
         // outside of that horizon.
-        WEIGHTING_CENTRAL,
+        CENTRAL,
 
         // Weight such that points older than a certain amount are weighed less.
-        WEIGHTING_RECENT,
+        RECENT,
     };
 
     // Degree must be no greater than Estimator::MAX_DEGREE.
-    LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(uint32_t degree, Weighting weighting = WEIGHTING_NONE);
-    virtual ~LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy();
+    LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(uint32_t degree, Weighting weighting = Weighting::NONE);
+    ~LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy() override;
 
-    virtual void clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits);
-    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                     const std::vector<float>& positions) override;
-    virtual bool getEstimator(uint32_t id, VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const;
+    void clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) override;
+    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId, float position) override;
+    std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> getEstimator(int32_t pointerId) const override;
 
 private:
     // Sample horizon.
@@ -229,18 +212,15 @@
 
     struct Movement {
         nsecs_t eventTime;
-        BitSet32 idBits;
-        float positions[MAX_POINTERS];
-
-        inline float getPosition(uint32_t id) const { return positions[idBits.getIndexOfBit(id)]; }
+        float position;
     };
 
-    float chooseWeight(uint32_t index) const;
+    float chooseWeight(int32_t pointerId, uint32_t index) const;
 
     const uint32_t mDegree;
     const Weighting mWeighting;
-    uint32_t mIndex;
-    Movement mMovements[HISTORY_SIZE];
+    std::map<int32_t /*pointerId*/, size_t /*positionInArray*/> mIndex;
+    std::map<int32_t /*pointerId*/, std::array<Movement, HISTORY_SIZE>> mMovements;
 };
 
 
@@ -251,12 +231,11 @@
 public:
     // Degree must be 1 or 2.
     IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy(uint32_t degree);
-    ~IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy();
+    ~IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy() override;
 
-    virtual void clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits);
-    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                     const std::vector<float>& positions) override;
-    virtual bool getEstimator(uint32_t id, VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const;
+    void clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) override;
+    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId, float positions) override;
+    std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> getEstimator(int32_t pointerId) const override;
 
 private:
     // Current state estimate for a particular pointer.
@@ -283,12 +262,11 @@
 class LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy : public VelocityTrackerStrategy {
 public:
     LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy();
-    virtual ~LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy();
+    ~LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy() override;
 
-    virtual void clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits);
-    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                     const std::vector<float>& positions) override;
-    virtual bool getEstimator(uint32_t id, VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const;
+    void clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) override;
+    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId, float position) override;
+    std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> getEstimator(int32_t pointerId) const override;
 
 private:
     // Oldest sample to consider when calculating the velocity.
@@ -302,25 +280,21 @@
 
     struct Movement {
         nsecs_t eventTime;
-        BitSet32 idBits;
-        float positions[MAX_POINTERS];
-
-        inline float getPosition(uint32_t id) const { return positions[idBits.getIndexOfBit(id)]; }
+        float position;
     };
 
-    uint32_t mIndex;
-    Movement mMovements[HISTORY_SIZE];
+    std::map<int32_t /*pointerId*/, size_t /*positionInArray*/> mIndex;
+    std::map<int32_t /*pointerId*/, std::array<Movement, HISTORY_SIZE>> mMovements;
 };
 
 class ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy : public VelocityTrackerStrategy {
 public:
     ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy(bool deltaValues);
-    virtual ~ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy();
+    ~ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy() override;
 
-    virtual void clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits);
-    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                     const std::vector<float>& positions) override;
-    virtual bool getEstimator(uint32_t id, VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const;
+    void clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) override;
+    void addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId, float position) override;
+    std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> getEstimator(int32_t pointerId) const override;
 
 private:
     // Sample horizon.
@@ -333,10 +307,7 @@
 
     struct Movement {
         nsecs_t eventTime;
-        BitSet32 idBits;
-        float positions[MAX_POINTERS];
-
-        inline float getPosition(uint32_t id) const { return positions[idBits.getIndexOfBit(id)]; }
+        float position;
     };
 
     // Whether or not the input movement values for the strategy come in the form of delta values.
@@ -344,8 +315,8 @@
     // velocity calculation.
     const bool mDeltaValues;
 
-    size_t mIndex;
-    Movement mMovements[HISTORY_SIZE];
+    std::map<int32_t /*pointerId*/, size_t /*positionInArray*/> mIndex;
+    std::map<int32_t /*pointerId*/, std::array<Movement, HISTORY_SIZE>> mMovements;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/Android.bp b/libs/binder/Android.bp
index 6bf7049..7e7bba3 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/Android.bp
@@ -74,9 +74,11 @@
     name: "libbinder_common_defaults",
     host_supported: true,
 
+    // for vndbinder and binderRpcTest
+    vendor_available: true,
+
     srcs: [
         "Binder.cpp",
-        "BinderRecordReplay.cpp",
         "BpBinder.cpp",
         "Debug.cpp",
         "FdTrigger.cpp",
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@
         "IResultReceiver.cpp",
         "Parcel.cpp",
         "ParcelFileDescriptor.cpp",
+        "RecordedTransaction.cpp",
         "RpcSession.cpp",
         "RpcServer.cpp",
         "RpcState.cpp",
@@ -195,18 +198,26 @@
     ],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libbinder_on_trusty_mock",
-    defaults: ["libbinder_common_defaults"],
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "trusty_mock_headers",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
 
-    srcs: [
-        // Trusty-specific files
-        "trusty/logging.cpp",
-        "trusty/OS.cpp",
-        "trusty/RpcServerTrusty.cpp",
-        "trusty/RpcTransportTipcTrusty.cpp",
-        "trusty/TrustyStatus.cpp",
-        "trusty/socket.cpp",
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        "trusty/include",
+        "trusty/include_mock",
+    ],
+
+    visibility: [
+        ":__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "trusty_mock_defaults",
+
+    header_libs: [
+        "trusty_mock_headers",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
@@ -227,16 +238,29 @@
     ],
     rtti: false,
 
-    local_include_dirs: [
-        "trusty/include",
-        "trusty/include_mock",
-    ],
-
     visibility: [
         ":__subpackages__",
     ],
 }
 
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libbinder_on_trusty_mock",
+    defaults: [
+        "libbinder_common_defaults",
+        "trusty_mock_defaults",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        // Trusty-specific files
+        "trusty/logging.cpp",
+        "trusty/OS.cpp",
+        "trusty/RpcServerTrusty.cpp",
+        "trusty/RpcTransportTipcTrusty.cpp",
+        "trusty/TrustyStatus.cpp",
+        "trusty/socket.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libbinder_kernel_defaults",
     srcs: [
@@ -275,8 +299,6 @@
 
     version_script: "libbinder.map",
 
-    // for vndbinder
-    vendor_available: true,
     vndk: {
         enabled: true,
     },
@@ -435,6 +457,7 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libbinder_tls_static",
     defaults: ["libbinder_tls_defaults"],
+    vendor_available: true,
     visibility: [
         ":__subpackages__",
     ],
diff --git a/libs/binder/Binder.cpp b/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
index da5affb..3e49656 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <binder/BinderRecordReplay.h>
 #include <binder/BpBinder.h>
 #include <binder/IInterface.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IResultReceiver.h>
 #include <binder/IShellCallback.h>
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <binder/RecordedTransaction.h>
 #include <binder/RpcServer.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
@@ -409,11 +409,9 @@
             Parcel emptyReply;
             timespec ts;
             timespec_get(&ts, TIME_UTC);
-            auto transaction =
-                    android::binder::debug::RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(code, flags, ts, data,
-                                                                             reply ? *reply
-                                                                                   : emptyReply,
-                                                                             err);
+            auto transaction = android::binder::debug::RecordedTransaction::
+                    fromDetails(getInterfaceDescriptor(), code, flags, ts, data,
+                                reply ? *reply : emptyReply, err);
             if (transaction) {
                 if (status_t err = transaction->dumpToFile(e->mRecordingFd); err != NO_ERROR) {
                     LOG(INFO) << "Failed to dump RecordedTransaction to file with error " << err;
diff --git a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
index 1c470a1..d03326e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@
 {
     if (isRpcBinder()) {
         if (rpcSession()->getMaxIncomingThreads() < 1) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Cannot register a DeathRecipient without any incoming connections.");
+            ALOGE("Cannot register a DeathRecipient without any incoming connections.");
             return INVALID_OPERATION;
         }
     } else if constexpr (!kEnableKernelIpc) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index 44ff62b..0aca163 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -375,6 +375,10 @@
     return (mDataSize > mDataPos ? mDataSize : mDataPos);
 }
 
+size_t Parcel::dataBufferSize() const {
+    return mDataSize;
+}
+
 size_t Parcel::dataAvail() const
 {
     size_t result = dataSize() - dataPosition();
diff --git a/libs/binder/BinderRecordReplay.cpp b/libs/binder/RecordedTransaction.cpp
similarity index 86%
rename from libs/binder/BinderRecordReplay.cpp
rename to libs/binder/RecordedTransaction.cpp
index 58bb106..2e70304 100644
--- a/libs/binder/BinderRecordReplay.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/RecordedTransaction.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <binder/BinderRecordReplay.h>
+#include <binder/RecordedTransaction.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -106,24 +106,30 @@
 // End Chunk may therefore produce an empty, meaningless RecordedTransaction.
 
 RecordedTransaction::RecordedTransaction(RecordedTransaction&& t) noexcept {
-    mHeader = t.mHeader;
+    mData = t.mData;
     mSent.setData(t.getDataParcel().data(), t.getDataParcel().dataSize());
     mReply.setData(t.getReplyParcel().data(), t.getReplyParcel().dataSize());
 }
 
-std::optional<RecordedTransaction> RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(uint32_t code, uint32_t flags,
-                                                                    timespec timestamp,
-                                                                    const Parcel& dataParcel,
-                                                                    const Parcel& replyParcel,
-                                                                    status_t err) {
+std::optional<RecordedTransaction> RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(
+        const String16& interfaceName, uint32_t code, uint32_t flags, timespec timestamp,
+        const Parcel& dataParcel, const Parcel& replyParcel, status_t err) {
     RecordedTransaction t;
-    t.mHeader = {code,
-                 flags,
-                 static_cast<int32_t>(err),
-                 dataParcel.isForRpc() ? static_cast<uint32_t>(1) : static_cast<uint32_t>(0),
-                 static_cast<int64_t>(timestamp.tv_sec),
-                 static_cast<int32_t>(timestamp.tv_nsec),
-                 0};
+    t.mData.mHeader = {code,
+                       flags,
+                       static_cast<int32_t>(err),
+                       dataParcel.isForRpc() ? static_cast<uint32_t>(1) : static_cast<uint32_t>(0),
+                       static_cast<int64_t>(timestamp.tv_sec),
+                       static_cast<int32_t>(timestamp.tv_nsec),
+                       0};
+
+    t.mData.mInterfaceName = std::string(String8(interfaceName).string());
+    if (interfaceName.size() != t.mData.mInterfaceName.size()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Interface Name is not valid. Contains characters that aren't single byte "
+                      "utf-8: "
+                   << interfaceName;
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 
     if (t.mSent.setData(dataParcel.data(), dataParcel.dataSize()) != android::NO_ERROR) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set sent parcel data.";
@@ -142,6 +148,7 @@
     HEADER_CHUNK = 1,
     DATA_PARCEL_CHUNK = 2,
     REPLY_PARCEL_CHUNK = 3,
+    INTERFACE_NAME_CHUNK = 4,
     END_CHUNK = 0x00ffffff,
 };
 
@@ -220,7 +227,12 @@
                                << sizeof(TransactionHeader) << ".";
                     return std::nullopt;
                 }
-                t.mHeader = *reinterpret_cast<TransactionHeader*>(payloadMap);
+                t.mData.mHeader = *reinterpret_cast<TransactionHeader*>(payloadMap);
+                break;
+            }
+            case INTERFACE_NAME_CHUNK: {
+                t.mData.mInterfaceName =
+                        std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(payloadMap), chunk.dataSize);
                 break;
             }
             case DATA_PARCEL_CHUNK: {
@@ -291,10 +303,17 @@
 android::status_t RecordedTransaction::dumpToFile(const unique_fd& fd) const {
     if (NO_ERROR !=
         writeChunk(fd, HEADER_CHUNK, sizeof(TransactionHeader),
-                   reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&mHeader))) {
+                   reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&(mData.mHeader)))) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write transactionHeader to fd " << fd.get();
         return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
     }
+    if (NO_ERROR !=
+        writeChunk(fd, INTERFACE_NAME_CHUNK, mData.mInterfaceName.size() * sizeof(uint8_t),
+                   reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(mData.mInterfaceName.c_str()))) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Failed to write Interface Name Chunk to fd " << fd.get();
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
     if (NO_ERROR != writeChunk(fd, DATA_PARCEL_CHUNK, mSent.dataSize(), mSent.data())) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write sent Parcel to fd " << fd.get();
         return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
@@ -310,26 +329,30 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+const std::string& RecordedTransaction::getInterfaceName() const {
+    return mData.mInterfaceName;
+}
+
 uint32_t RecordedTransaction::getCode() const {
-    return mHeader.code;
+    return mData.mHeader.code;
 }
 
 uint32_t RecordedTransaction::getFlags() const {
-    return mHeader.flags;
+    return mData.mHeader.flags;
 }
 
 int32_t RecordedTransaction::getReturnedStatus() const {
-    return mHeader.statusReturned;
+    return mData.mHeader.statusReturned;
 }
 
 timespec RecordedTransaction::getTimestamp() const {
-    time_t sec = mHeader.timestampSeconds;
-    int32_t nsec = mHeader.timestampNanoseconds;
+    time_t sec = mData.mHeader.timestampSeconds;
+    int32_t nsec = mData.mHeader.timestampNanoseconds;
     return (timespec){.tv_sec = sec, .tv_nsec = nsec};
 }
 
 uint32_t RecordedTransaction::getVersion() const {
-    return mHeader.version;
+    return mData.mHeader.version;
 }
 
 const Parcel& RecordedTransaction::getDataParcel() const {
diff --git a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
index 342e4a3..04cb61f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@
       "name": "memunreachable_binder_test"
     },
     {
+      "name": "resolv_integration_test"
+    },
+    {
       "name": "libbinderthreadstateutils_test"
     },
     {
@@ -96,5 +99,19 @@
     {
       "name": "binderLibTest"
     }
+  ],
+  "kernel-presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "binderDriverInterfaceTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "binderLibTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "binderSafeInterfaceTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "memunreachable_binder_test"
+    }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Binder.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Binder.h
index 08dbd13..d960a0b 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Binder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Binder.h
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
                                              const sp<IBinder>& keepAliveBinder);
 
     // Start recording transactions to the unique_fd in data.
-    // See BinderRecordReplay.h for more details.
+    // See RecordedTransaction.h for more details.
     [[nodiscard]] status_t startRecordingTransactions(const Parcel& data);
     // Stop the current recording.
     [[nodiscard]] status_t stopRecordingTransactions();
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
index 57e103d..5496d61 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
     std::optional<int32_t> getDebugBinderHandle() const;
 
     // Start recording transactions to the unique_fd.
-    // See BinderRecordReplay.h for more details.
+    // See RecordedTransaction.h for more details.
     status_t startRecordingBinder(const android::base::unique_fd& fd);
     // Stop the current recording.
     status_t stopRecordingBinder();
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h
index 8cc8105..dc572ac 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@
         "android.graphicsenv.IGpuService",
         "android.gui.IConsumerListener",
         "android.gui.IGraphicBufferConsumer",
+        "android.gui.ITransactionComposerListener",
         "android.gui.SensorEventConnection",
         "android.gui.SensorServer",
         "android.hardware.ICamera",
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
index f730acb..162cd40 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
     size_t              dataAvail() const;
     size_t              dataPosition() const;
     size_t              dataCapacity() const;
+    size_t dataBufferSize() const;
 
     status_t            setDataSize(size_t size);
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/BinderRecordReplay.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/RecordedTransaction.h
similarity index 87%
rename from libs/binder/include/binder/BinderRecordReplay.h
rename to libs/binder/include/binder/RecordedTransaction.h
index ff983f0..eb765fe 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/BinderRecordReplay.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/RecordedTransaction.h
@@ -26,20 +26,22 @@
 
 // Warning: Transactions are sequentially recorded to the file descriptor in a
 // non-stable format. A detailed description of the recording format can be found in
-// BinderRecordReplay.cpp.
+// RecordedTransaction.cpp.
 
 class RecordedTransaction {
 public:
     // Filled with the first transaction from fd.
     static std::optional<RecordedTransaction> fromFile(const android::base::unique_fd& fd);
     // Filled with the arguments.
-    static std::optional<RecordedTransaction> fromDetails(uint32_t code, uint32_t flags,
+    static std::optional<RecordedTransaction> fromDetails(const String16& interfaceName,
+                                                          uint32_t code, uint32_t flags,
                                                           timespec timestamp, const Parcel& data,
                                                           const Parcel& reply, status_t err);
     RecordedTransaction(RecordedTransaction&& t) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]] status_t dumpToFile(const android::base::unique_fd& fd) const;
 
+    const std::string& getInterfaceName() const;
     uint32_t getCode() const;
     uint32_t getFlags() const;
     int32_t getReturnedStatus() const;
@@ -69,7 +71,11 @@
     static_assert(sizeof(TransactionHeader) == 32);
     static_assert(sizeof(TransactionHeader) % 8 == 0);
 
-    TransactionHeader mHeader;
+    struct MovableData { // movable
+        TransactionHeader mHeader;
+        std::string mInterfaceName;
+    };
+    MovableData mData;
     Parcel mSent;
     Parcel mReply;
 };
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp
index 8693022..b5a2e2f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/parcel.cpp
@@ -695,11 +695,17 @@
     if (parcel->get()->objectsCount()) {
         return STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    int32_t dataSize = AParcel_getDataSize(parcel);
+    // b/264739302 - getDataSize will return dataPos if it is greater than dataSize
+    // which will cause crashes in memcpy at later point. Instead compare with
+    // actual length of internal buffer
+    int32_t dataSize = parcel->get()->dataBufferSize();
     if (len > static_cast<size_t>(dataSize) || start > static_cast<size_t>(dataSize) - len) {
         return STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
     }
     const uint8_t* internalBuffer = parcel->get()->data();
+    if (internalBuffer == nullptr) {
+        return STATUS_UNEXPECTED_NULL;
+    }
     memcpy(buffer, internalBuffer + start, len);
     return STATUS_OK;
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs
index a0e61d9..0c8b48f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/lib.rs
@@ -94,14 +94,12 @@
 //! ```
 
 #[macro_use]
-mod proxy;
-
-#[macro_use]
 mod binder;
 mod binder_async;
 mod error;
 mod native;
 mod parcel;
+mod proxy;
 mod state;
 
 use binder_ndk_sys as sys;
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs
index c5c7719..29bf92c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@
 #![allow(missing_docs)]
 #![no_main]
 
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate libfuzzer_sys;
-
 mod read_utils;
 
 use crate::read_utils::READ_FUNCS;
@@ -31,7 +28,7 @@
     StatusCode,
 };
 use binder_random_parcel_rs::create_random_parcel;
-use libfuzzer_sys::arbitrary::Arbitrary;
+use libfuzzer_sys::{arbitrary::Arbitrary, fuzz_target};
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, Debug)]
 enum ReadOperation {
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/fuzz_service_test/service_fuzzer.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/fuzz_service_test/service_fuzzer.rs
index a427f28..c530382 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/fuzz_service_test/service_fuzzer.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_parcel/fuzz_service_test/service_fuzzer.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 #![allow(missing_docs)]
 #![no_main]
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate libfuzzer_sys;
+
+use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
 
 use binder::{self, BinderFeatures, Interface};
 use binder_random_parcel_rs::fuzz_service;
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
index 5db3187..7006f87 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@
 
 aidl_interface {
     name: "binderRpcTestIface",
+    vendor_available: true,
     host_supported: true,
     unstable: true,
     srcs: [
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@
 
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libbinder_tls_test_utils",
+    vendor_available: true,
     host_supported: true,
     target: {
         darwin: {
@@ -211,6 +213,7 @@
     defaults: [
         "binderRpcTest_common_defaults",
     ],
+    vendor_available: true,
     gtest: false,
     auto_gen_config: false,
     srcs: [
@@ -221,10 +224,18 @@
 
 cc_defaults {
     name: "binderRpcTest_defaults",
+    vendor_available: true,
     target: {
         android: {
             test_suites: ["vts"],
         },
+
+        vendor: {
+            shared_libs: [
+                "libbinder_trusty",
+                "libtrusty",
+            ],
+        },
     },
     defaults: [
         "binderRpcTest_common_defaults",
@@ -267,6 +278,7 @@
     name: "binderRpcTest_static_defaults",
 
     shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
         "libutils",
         // libcrypto_static is not visible to this module
         "libcrypto",
@@ -274,7 +286,6 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
-        "liblog",
         "libssl",
     ],
 
@@ -336,6 +347,29 @@
     ],
 }
 
+cc_binary {
+    name: "binderRpcTestService_on_trusty_mock",
+    defaults: [
+        "trusty_mock_defaults",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "binderRpcTestCommon.cpp",
+        "binderRpcTestServiceTrusty.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder_on_trusty_mock",
+        "libbase",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "binderRpcTestIface-cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "binderRpcTest",
     defaults: [
@@ -347,6 +381,7 @@
     // Add the Trusty mock library as a fake dependency so it gets built
     required: [
         "libbinder_on_trusty_mock",
+        "binderRpcTestService_on_trusty_mock",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
index f7498c4..955c650 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
@@ -1406,9 +1406,11 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(server != nullptr);
     int32_t delay = 1000; // ms
     data.writeInt32(delay);
+    // b/266537959 - must take before taking lock, since countdown is started in the remote
+    // process there.
+    size_t epochMsBefore = epochMillis();
     EXPECT_THAT(server->transact(BINDER_LIB_TEST_PROCESS_TEMPORARY_LOCK, data, &reply), NO_ERROR);
     std::vector<std::thread> ts;
-    size_t epochMsBefore = epochMillis();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < kKernelThreads + 1; i++) {
         ts.push_back(std::thread([&] {
             Parcel local_reply;
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRecordedTransactionTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRecordedTransactionTest.cpp
index 67553fc..30172cc 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRecordedTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRecordedTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <binder/BinderRecordReplay.h>
+#include <binder/RecordedTransaction.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 
@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@
 using android::binder::debug::RecordedTransaction;
 
 TEST(BinderRecordedTransaction, RoundTripEncoding) {
+    android::String16 interfaceName("SampleInterface");
     Parcel d;
     d.writeInt32(12);
     d.writeInt64(2);
     Parcel r;
     r.writeInt32(99);
     timespec ts = {1232456, 567890};
-    auto transaction = RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(1, 42, ts, d, r, 0);
+
+    auto transaction = RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(interfaceName, 1, 42, ts, d, r, 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(transaction.has_value());
 
     auto file = std::tmpfile();
     auto fd = unique_fd(fcntl(fileno(file), F_DUPFD, 1));
@@ -42,6 +45,7 @@
 
     auto retrievedTransaction = RecordedTransaction::fromFile(fd);
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(retrievedTransaction->getInterfaceName(), android::String8(interfaceName).c_str());
     EXPECT_EQ(retrievedTransaction->getCode(), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(retrievedTransaction->getFlags(), 42);
     EXPECT_EQ(retrievedTransaction->getTimestamp().tv_sec, ts.tv_sec);
@@ -57,13 +61,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST(BinderRecordedTransaction, Checksum) {
+    android::String16 interfaceName("SampleInterface");
     Parcel d;
     d.writeInt32(12);
     d.writeInt64(2);
     Parcel r;
     r.writeInt32(99);
     timespec ts = {1232456, 567890};
-    auto transaction = RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(1, 42, ts, d, r, 0);
+    auto transaction = RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(interfaceName, 1, 42, ts, d, r, 0);
 
     auto file = std::tmpfile();
     auto fd = unique_fd(fcntl(fileno(file), F_DUPFD, 1));
@@ -91,6 +96,7 @@
     std::vector<uint8_t> largePayload;
     uint8_t filler = 0xaa;
     largePayload.insert(largePayload.end(), largeDataSize, filler);
+    android::String16 interfaceName("SampleInterface");
     Parcel d;
     d.writeInt32(12);
     d.writeInt64(2);
@@ -98,7 +104,7 @@
     Parcel r;
     r.writeInt32(99);
     timespec ts = {1232456, 567890};
-    auto transaction = RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(1, 42, ts, d, r, 0);
+    auto transaction = RecordedTransaction::fromDetails(interfaceName, 1, 42, ts, d, r, 0);
 
     auto file = std::tmpfile();
     auto fd = unique_fd(fcntl(fileno(file), F_DUPFD, 1));
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
index 8afa49b..84c93dd 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTest.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <aidl/IBinderRpcTest.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -27,6 +28,11 @@
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 
+#ifdef __ANDROID_VENDOR__
+#include <binder/RpcTransportTipcAndroid.h>
+#include <trusty/tipc.h>
+#endif // __ANDROID_VENDOR__
+
 #include "binderRpcTestCommon.h"
 #include "binderRpcTestFixture.h"
 
@@ -44,6 +50,10 @@
 constexpr bool kEnableSharedLibs = true;
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __ANDROID_VENDOR__
+constexpr char kTrustyIpcDevice[] = "/dev/trusty-ipc-dev0";
+#endif
+
 static std::string WaitStatusToString(int wstatus) {
     if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
         return base::StringPrintf("exit status %d", WEXITSTATUS(wstatus));
@@ -269,6 +279,11 @@
 
     auto ret = std::make_unique<LinuxProcessSession>(
             Process([=](android::base::borrowed_fd writeEnd, android::base::borrowed_fd readEnd) {
+                if (socketType == SocketType::TIPC) {
+                    // Trusty has a single persistent service
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 auto writeFd = std::to_string(writeEnd.get());
                 auto readFd = std::to_string(readEnd.get());
                 execl(servicePath.c_str(), servicePath.c_str(), writeFd.c_str(), readFd.c_str(),
@@ -287,31 +302,47 @@
         serverConfig.serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes.push_back(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(mode));
     }
-    writeToFd(ret->host.writeEnd(), serverConfig);
+    if (socketType != SocketType::TIPC) {
+        writeToFd(ret->host.writeEnd(), serverConfig);
+    }
 
     std::vector<sp<RpcSession>> sessions;
     auto certVerifier = std::make_shared<RpcCertificateVerifierSimple>();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < options.numSessions; i++) {
-        sessions.emplace_back(RpcSession::make(newFactory(rpcSecurity, certVerifier)));
+        std::unique_ptr<RpcTransportCtxFactory> factory;
+        if (socketType == SocketType::TIPC) {
+#ifdef __ANDROID_VENDOR__
+            factory = RpcTransportCtxFactoryTipcAndroid::make();
+#else
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("TIPC socket type only supported on vendor");
+#endif
+        } else {
+            factory = newFactory(rpcSecurity, certVerifier);
+        }
+        sessions.emplace_back(RpcSession::make(std::move(factory)));
     }
 
-    auto serverInfo = readFromFd<BinderRpcTestServerInfo>(ret->host.readEnd());
-    BinderRpcTestClientInfo clientInfo;
-    for (const auto& session : sessions) {
-        auto& parcelableCert = clientInfo.certs.emplace_back();
-        parcelableCert.data = session->getCertificate(RpcCertificateFormat::PEM);
-    }
-    writeToFd(ret->host.writeEnd(), clientInfo);
+    BinderRpcTestServerInfo serverInfo;
+    if (socketType != SocketType::TIPC) {
+        serverInfo = readFromFd<BinderRpcTestServerInfo>(ret->host.readEnd());
+        BinderRpcTestClientInfo clientInfo;
+        for (const auto& session : sessions) {
+            auto& parcelableCert = clientInfo.certs.emplace_back();
+            parcelableCert.data = session->getCertificate(RpcCertificateFormat::PEM);
+        }
+        writeToFd(ret->host.writeEnd(), clientInfo);
 
-    CHECK_LE(serverInfo.port, std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max());
-    if (socketType == SocketType::INET) {
-        CHECK_NE(0, serverInfo.port);
-    }
+        CHECK_LE(serverInfo.port, std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max());
+        if (socketType == SocketType::INET) {
+            CHECK_NE(0, serverInfo.port);
+        }
 
-    if (rpcSecurity == RpcSecurity::TLS) {
-        const auto& serverCert = serverInfo.cert.data;
-        CHECK_EQ(OK,
-                 certVerifier->addTrustedPeerCertificate(RpcCertificateFormat::PEM, serverCert));
+        if (rpcSecurity == RpcSecurity::TLS) {
+            const auto& serverCert = serverInfo.cert.data;
+            CHECK_EQ(OK,
+                     certVerifier->addTrustedPeerCertificate(RpcCertificateFormat::PEM,
+                                                             serverCert));
+        }
     }
 
     status_t status;
@@ -342,6 +373,19 @@
             case SocketType::INET:
                 status = session->setupInetClient("127.0.0.1", serverInfo.port);
                 break;
+            case SocketType::TIPC:
+                status = session->setupPreconnectedClient({}, [=]() {
+#ifdef __ANDROID_VENDOR__
+                    auto port = trustyIpcPort(serverVersion);
+                    int tipcFd = tipc_connect(kTrustyIpcDevice, port.c_str());
+                    return tipcFd >= 0 ? android::base::unique_fd(tipcFd)
+                                       : android::base::unique_fd();
+#else
+                    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Tried to connect to Trusty outside of vendor");
+                    return android::base::unique_fd();
+#endif
+                });
+                break;
             default:
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unknown socket type");
         }
@@ -682,7 +726,11 @@
     proc.expectAlreadyShutdown = true;
 }
 
-TEST_P(BinderRpc, DeathRecipientFatalWithoutIncoming) {
+TEST_P(BinderRpc, DeathRecipientFailsWithoutIncoming) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        // This should work, but Trusty takes too long to restart the service
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Service death test not supported on Trusty";
+    }
     class MyDeathRec : public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
     public:
         void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& /* who */) override {}
@@ -692,8 +740,7 @@
             {.numThreads = 1, .numSessions = 1, .numIncomingConnections = 0});
 
     auto dr = sp<MyDeathRec>::make();
-    EXPECT_DEATH(proc.rootBinder->linkToDeath(dr, (void*)1, 0),
-                 "Cannot register a DeathRecipient without any incoming connections.");
+    EXPECT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, proc.rootBinder->linkToDeath(dr, (void*)1, 0));
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, UnlinkDeathRecipient) {
@@ -725,6 +772,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, Die) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        // This should work, but Trusty takes too long to restart the service
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Service death test not supported on Trusty";
+    }
+
     for (bool doDeathCleanup : {true, false}) {
         auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
 
@@ -777,6 +829,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, FileDescriptorTransportRejectNone) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "File descriptor tests not supported on Trusty (yet)";
+    }
+
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
             .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::NONE,
             .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
@@ -793,6 +849,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, FileDescriptorTransportRejectUnix) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "File descriptor tests not supported on Trusty (yet)";
+    }
+
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
             .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX,
             .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
@@ -809,6 +869,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, FileDescriptorTransportOptionalUnix) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "File descriptor tests not supported on Trusty (yet)";
+    }
+
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
             .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::NONE,
             .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
@@ -822,6 +886,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, ReceiveFile) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "File descriptor tests not supported on Trusty (yet)";
+    }
+
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
             .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX,
             .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
@@ -842,6 +910,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, SendFiles) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "File descriptor tests not supported on Trusty (yet)";
+    }
+
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
             .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX,
             .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
@@ -914,6 +986,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, AppendInvalidFd) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "File descriptor tests not supported on Trusty (yet)";
+    }
+
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
             .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX,
             .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
@@ -940,6 +1016,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(-1, pRaw.readFileDescriptor());
 }
 
+#ifndef __ANDROID_VENDOR__ // No AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder on vendor
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, WorksWithLibbinderNdkPing) {
     if constexpr (!kEnableSharedLibs) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Test disabled because Binder was built as a static library";
@@ -971,6 +1048,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getDescription();
     ASSERT_EQ("aoeuaoeu", out);
 }
+#endif // __ANDROID_VENDOR__
 
 ssize_t countFds() {
     DIR* dir = opendir("/proc/self/fd/");
@@ -986,6 +1064,9 @@
     if (serverSingleThreaded()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "This test requires multiple threads";
     }
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "File descriptor tests not supported on Trusty (yet)";
+    }
 
     ssize_t beforeFds = countFds();
     ASSERT_GE(beforeFds, 0);
@@ -1100,13 +1181,19 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-static std::vector<uint32_t> testVersions() {
-    std::vector<uint32_t> versions;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NEXT; i++) {
-        versions.push_back(i);
+static std::vector<SocketType> testTipcSocketTypes() {
+#ifdef __ANDROID_VENDOR__
+    auto port = trustyIpcPort(RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL);
+    int tipcFd = tipc_connect(kTrustyIpcDevice, port.c_str());
+    if (tipcFd >= 0) {
+        close(tipcFd);
+        return {SocketType::TIPC};
     }
-    versions.push_back(RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL);
-    return versions;
+#endif // __ANDROID_VENDOR__
+
+    // TIPC is not supported on this device, most likely
+    // because /dev/trusty-ipc-dev0 is missing
+    return {};
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PerSocket, BinderRpc,
@@ -1118,6 +1205,14 @@
                                            ::testing::Values(false, true)),
                         BinderRpc::PrintParamInfo);
 
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(Trusty, BinderRpc,
+                        ::testing::Combine(::testing::ValuesIn(testTipcSocketTypes()),
+                                           ::testing::Values(RpcSecurity::RAW),
+                                           ::testing::ValuesIn(testVersions()),
+                                           ::testing::ValuesIn(testVersions()),
+                                           ::testing::Values(true), ::testing::Values(true)),
+                        BinderRpc::PrintParamInfo);
+
 class BinderRpcServerRootObject
       : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<bool, bool, RpcSecurity>> {};
 
@@ -1369,7 +1464,10 @@
                               addr, port);
                         return base::unique_fd{};
                     };
-                }
+                } break;
+                case SocketType::TIPC: {
+                    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("RpcTransportTest should not be enabled for TIPC");
+                } break;
             }
             mFd = rpcServer->releaseServer();
             if (!mFd.fd.ok()) return AssertionFailure() << "releaseServer returns invalid fd";
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.cpp
index 0d9aa95..fe9a5a1 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@
 namespace android {
 
 std::atomic<int32_t> MyBinderRpcSession::gNum;
-sp<IBinder> MyBinderRpcTest::mHeldBinder;
+sp<IBinder> MyBinderRpcTestBase::mHeldBinder;
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.h b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.h
index 654e16c..a467ee3 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.h
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestCommon.h
@@ -22,37 +22,42 @@
 #include <BnBinderRpcCallback.h>
 #include <BnBinderRpcSession.h>
 #include <BnBinderRpcTest.h>
-#include <aidl/IBinderRpcTest.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <binder/Binder.h>
+#include <binder/BpBinder.h>
+#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/RpcServer.h>
+#include <binder/RpcSession.h>
+#include <binder/RpcThreads.h>
+#include <binder/RpcTransport.h>
+#include <binder/RpcTransportRaw.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifndef __TRUSTY__
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
 #include <android/binder_libbinder.h>
-#include <binder/Binder.h>
-#include <binder/BpBinder.h>
-#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
-#include <binder/RpcServer.h>
-#include <binder/RpcSession.h>
-#include <binder/RpcThreads.h>
 #include <binder/RpcTlsTestUtils.h>
 #include <binder/RpcTlsUtils.h>
-#include <binder/RpcTransport.h>
-#include <binder/RpcTransportRaw.h>
 #include <binder/RpcTransportTls.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include <signal.h>
 
-#include "../BuildFlags.h"
-#include "../FdTrigger.h"
 #include "../OS.h"               // for testing UnixBootstrap clients
 #include "../RpcSocketAddress.h" // for testing preconnected clients
-#include "../RpcState.h"         // for debugging
 #include "../vm_sockets.h"       // for VMADDR_*
+#endif                           // __TRUSTY__
+
+#include "../BuildFlags.h"
+#include "../FdTrigger.h"
+#include "../RpcState.h" // for debugging
 #include "utils/Errors.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -65,6 +70,19 @@
     return {RpcSecurity::RAW, RpcSecurity::TLS};
 }
 
+static inline std::vector<uint32_t> testVersions() {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> versions;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NEXT; i++) {
+        versions.push_back(i);
+    }
+    versions.push_back(RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_EXPERIMENTAL);
+    return versions;
+}
+
+static inline std::string trustyIpcPort(uint32_t serverVersion) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("com.android.trusty.binderRpcTestService.V%" PRIu32, serverVersion);
+}
+
 enum class SocketType {
     PRECONNECTED,
     UNIX,
@@ -72,6 +90,7 @@
     UNIX_RAW,
     VSOCK,
     INET,
+    TIPC,
 };
 
 static inline std::string PrintToString(SocketType socketType) {
@@ -88,6 +107,8 @@
             return "vm_socket";
         case SocketType::INET:
             return "inet_socket";
+        case SocketType::TIPC:
+            return "trusty_ipc";
         default:
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unknown socket type");
             return "";
@@ -118,6 +139,7 @@
     bool allowConnectFailure = false;
 };
 
+#ifndef __TRUSTY__
 static inline void writeString(android::base::borrowed_fd fd, std::string_view str) {
     uint64_t length = str.length();
     CHECK(android::base::WriteFully(fd, &length, sizeof(length)));
@@ -182,6 +204,7 @@
     }).detach();
     return readFd;
 }
+#endif // __TRUSTY__
 
 // A threadsafe channel where writes block until the value is read.
 template <typename T>
@@ -252,9 +275,12 @@
     std::vector<std::string> mValues;
 };
 
-class MyBinderRpcTest : public BnBinderRpcTest {
+// Base class for all concrete implementations of MyBinderRpcTest.
+// Sub-classes that want to provide a full implementation should derive
+// from this class instead of MyBinderRpcTestDefault below so the compiler
+// checks that all methods are implemented.
+class MyBinderRpcTestBase : public BnBinderRpcTest {
 public:
-    wp<RpcServer> server;
     int port = 0;
 
     Status sendString(const std::string& str) override {
@@ -269,18 +295,6 @@
         *out = port;
         return Status::ok();
     }
-    Status countBinders(std::vector<int32_t>* out) override {
-        sp<RpcServer> spServer = server.promote();
-        if (spServer == nullptr) {
-            return Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::EX_NULL_POINTER);
-        }
-        out->clear();
-        for (auto session : spServer->listSessions()) {
-            size_t count = session->state()->countBinders();
-            out->push_back(count);
-        }
-        return Status::ok();
-    }
     Status getNullBinder(sp<IBinder>* out) override {
         out->clear();
         return Status::ok();
@@ -381,62 +395,55 @@
         return doCallback(callback, oneway, delayed, value);
     }
 
-    Status die(bool cleanup) override {
-        if (cleanup) {
-            exit(1);
-        } else {
-            _exit(1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    Status scheduleShutdown() override {
-        sp<RpcServer> strongServer = server.promote();
-        if (strongServer == nullptr) {
+protected:
+    // Generic version of countBinders that works with both
+    // RpcServer and RpcServerTrusty
+    template <typename T>
+    Status countBindersImpl(const wp<T>& server, std::vector<int32_t>* out) {
+        sp<T> spServer = server.promote();
+        if (spServer == nullptr) {
             return Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::EX_NULL_POINTER);
         }
-        RpcMaybeThread([=] {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!strongServer->shutdown(), "Could not shutdown");
-        }).detach();
-        return Status::ok();
-    }
-
-    Status useKernelBinderCallingId() override {
-        // this is WRONG! It does not make sense when using RPC binder, and
-        // because it is SO wrong, and so much code calls this, it should abort!
-
-        if constexpr (kEnableKernelIpc) {
-            (void)IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
+        out->clear();
+        for (auto session : spServer->listSessions()) {
+            size_t count = session->state()->countBinders();
+            out->push_back(count);
         }
         return Status::ok();
     }
+};
 
-    Status echoAsFile(const std::string& content, android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* out) override {
-        out->reset(mockFileDescriptor(content));
-        return Status::ok();
+// Default implementation of MyBinderRpcTest that can be used as-is
+// or derived from by classes that only want to implement a subset of
+// the unimplemented methods
+class MyBinderRpcTestDefault : public MyBinderRpcTestBase {
+public:
+    Status countBinders(std::vector<int32_t>* /*out*/) override {
+        return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION);
     }
 
-    Status concatFiles(const std::vector<android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor>& files,
-                       android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* out) override {
-        std::string acc;
-        for (const auto& file : files) {
-            std::string result;
-            CHECK(android::base::ReadFdToString(file.get(), &result));
-            acc.append(result);
-        }
-        out->reset(mockFileDescriptor(acc));
-        return Status::ok();
+    Status die(bool /*cleanup*/) override { return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION); }
+
+    Status scheduleShutdown() override { return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION); }
+
+    Status useKernelBinderCallingId() override { return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION); }
+
+    Status echoAsFile(const std::string& /*content*/,
+                      android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* /*out*/) override {
+        return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION);
     }
 
-    HandoffChannel<android::base::unique_fd> mFdChannel;
-
-    Status blockingSendFdOneway(const android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor& fd) override {
-        mFdChannel.write(android::base::unique_fd(fcntl(fd.get(), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0)));
-        return Status::ok();
+    Status concatFiles(const std::vector<android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor>& /*files*/,
+                       android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* /*out*/) override {
+        return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION);
     }
 
-    Status blockingRecvFd(android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* fd) override {
-        fd->reset(mFdChannel.read());
-        return Status::ok();
+    Status blockingSendFdOneway(const android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor& /*fd*/) override {
+        return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION);
+    }
+
+    Status blockingRecvFd(android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* /*fd*/) override {
+        return Status::fromStatusT(UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestFixture.h b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestFixture.h
index 5a78782..c99d68a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestFixture.h
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestFixture.h
@@ -106,6 +106,10 @@
 
     // Whether the test params support sending FDs in parcels.
     bool supportsFdTransport() const {
+        if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+            // Trusty does not support file descriptors yet
+            return false;
+        }
         return clientVersion() >= 1 && serverVersion() >= 1 && rpcSecurity() != RpcSecurity::TLS &&
                 (socketType() == SocketType::PRECONNECTED || socketType() == SocketType::UNIX ||
                  socketType() == SocketType::UNIX_BOOTSTRAP ||
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp
index cc9726b..714f063 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestService.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,73 @@
 
 using namespace android;
 
+class MyBinderRpcTestAndroid : public MyBinderRpcTestBase {
+public:
+    wp<RpcServer> server;
+
+    Status countBinders(std::vector<int32_t>* out) override {
+        return countBindersImpl(server, out);
+    }
+
+    Status die(bool cleanup) override {
+        if (cleanup) {
+            exit(1);
+        } else {
+            _exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Status scheduleShutdown() override {
+        sp<RpcServer> strongServer = server.promote();
+        if (strongServer == nullptr) {
+            return Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::EX_NULL_POINTER);
+        }
+        RpcMaybeThread([=] {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!strongServer->shutdown(), "Could not shutdown");
+        }).detach();
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    Status useKernelBinderCallingId() override {
+        // this is WRONG! It does not make sense when using RPC binder, and
+        // because it is SO wrong, and so much code calls this, it should abort!
+
+        if constexpr (kEnableKernelIpc) {
+            (void)IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
+        }
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    Status echoAsFile(const std::string& content, android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* out) override {
+        out->reset(mockFileDescriptor(content));
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    Status concatFiles(const std::vector<android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor>& files,
+                       android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* out) override {
+        std::string acc;
+        for (const auto& file : files) {
+            std::string result;
+            CHECK(android::base::ReadFdToString(file.get(), &result));
+            acc.append(result);
+        }
+        out->reset(mockFileDescriptor(acc));
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    HandoffChannel<android::base::unique_fd> mFdChannel;
+
+    Status blockingSendFdOneway(const android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor& fd) override {
+        mFdChannel.write(android::base::unique_fd(fcntl(fd.get(), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0)));
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    Status blockingRecvFd(android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor* fd) override {
+        fd->reset(mFdChannel.read());
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
+};
+
 int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(argc != 3, "Invalid number of arguments: %d", argc);
     base::unique_fd writeEnd(atoi(argv[1]));
@@ -88,7 +155,7 @@
         // sizeof(sa_family_t)==2 in addrlen
         CHECK_GE(len, sizeof(sa_family_t));
         const sockaddr* addr = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr*>(addrPtr);
-        sp<MyBinderRpcTest> service = sp<MyBinderRpcTest>::make();
+        sp<MyBinderRpcTestAndroid> service = sp<MyBinderRpcTestAndroid>::make();
         switch (addr->sa_family) {
             case AF_UNIX:
                 // nothing to save
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestServiceTrusty.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestServiceTrusty.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8557389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcTestServiceTrusty.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define TLOG_TAG "binderRpcTestService"
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <binder/RpcServerTrusty.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <lib/tipc/tipc.h>
+#include <lk/err_ptr.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <trusty_log.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "binderRpcTestCommon.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using binder::Status;
+
+static int gConnectionCounter = 0;
+
+class MyBinderRpcTestTrusty : public MyBinderRpcTestDefault {
+public:
+    wp<RpcServerTrusty> server;
+
+    Status countBinders(std::vector<int32_t>* out) override {
+        return countBindersImpl(server, out);
+    }
+
+    Status scheduleShutdown() override {
+        // TODO: Trusty does not support shutting down the tipc event loop,
+        // so we just terminate the service app since it is marked
+        // restart_on_exit
+        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/242940548): implement echoAsFile and concatFiles
+};
+
+struct ServerInfo {
+    std::unique_ptr<std::string> port;
+    sp<RpcServerTrusty> server;
+};
+
+int main(void) {
+    TLOGI("Starting service\n");
+
+    tipc_hset* hset = tipc_hset_create();
+    if (IS_ERR(hset)) {
+        TLOGE("Failed to create handle set (%d)\n", PTR_ERR(hset));
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    const auto port_acl = RpcServerTrusty::PortAcl{
+            .flags = IPC_PORT_ALLOW_NS_CONNECT | IPC_PORT_ALLOW_TA_CONNECT,
+    };
+
+    std::vector<ServerInfo> servers;
+    for (auto serverVersion : testVersions()) {
+        ServerInfo serverInfo{
+                .port = std::make_unique<std::string>(trustyIpcPort(serverVersion)),
+        };
+        TLOGI("Adding service port '%s'\n", serverInfo.port->c_str());
+
+        // Message size needs to be large enough to cover all messages sent by the
+        // tests: SendAndGetResultBackBig sends two large strings.
+        constexpr size_t max_msg_size = 4096;
+        auto serverOrErr =
+                RpcServerTrusty::make(hset, serverInfo.port->c_str(),
+                                      std::shared_ptr<const RpcServerTrusty::PortAcl>(&port_acl),
+                                      max_msg_size);
+        if (!serverOrErr.ok()) {
+            TLOGE("Failed to create RpcServer (%d)\n", serverOrErr.error());
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        auto server = std::move(*serverOrErr);
+        serverInfo.server = server;
+        serverInfo.server->setProtocolVersion(serverVersion);
+        serverInfo.server->setPerSessionRootObject([=](const void* /*addrPtr*/, size_t /*len*/) {
+            auto service = sp<MyBinderRpcTestTrusty>::make();
+            // Assign a unique connection identifier to service->port so
+            // getClientPort returns a unique value per connection
+            service->port = ++gConnectionCounter;
+            service->server = server;
+            return service;
+        });
+
+        servers.push_back(std::move(serverInfo));
+    }
+
+    return tipc_run_event_loop(hset);
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcUniversalTests.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcUniversalTests.cpp
index f960442..2249e5c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcUniversalTests.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderRpcUniversalTests.cpp
@@ -113,6 +113,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, AppendSeparateFormats) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Trusty does not support multiple server processes";
+    }
+
     auto proc1 = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
     auto proc2 = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
 
@@ -155,7 +159,9 @@
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, SendAndGetResultBackBig) {
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
-    std::string single = std::string(1024, 'a');
+    // Trusty has a limit of 4096 bytes for the entire RPC Binder message
+    size_t singleLen = socketType() == SocketType::TIPC ? 512 : 4096;
+    std::string single = std::string(singleLen, 'a');
     std::string doubled;
     EXPECT_OK(proc.rootIface->doubleString(single, &doubled));
     EXPECT_EQ(single + single, doubled);
@@ -259,6 +265,10 @@
 // aren't supported.
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, CannotMixBindersBetweenUnrelatedSocketSessions) {
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Trusty does not support multiple server processes";
+    }
+
     auto proc1 = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
     auto proc2 = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({});
 
@@ -319,15 +329,19 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(BinderRpc, NestedTransactions) {
+    auto fileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX;
+    if (socketType() == SocketType::TIPC) {
+        // TIPC does not support file descriptors yet
+        fileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::NONE;
+    }
     auto proc = createRpcTestSocketServerProcess({
             // Enable FD support because it uses more stack space and so represents
             // something closer to a worst case scenario.
-            .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX,
-            .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes =
-                    {RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX},
+            .clientFileDescriptorTransportMode = fileDescriptorTransportMode,
+            .serverSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes = {fileDescriptorTransportMode},
     });
 
-    auto nastyNester = sp<MyBinderRpcTest>::make();
+    auto nastyNester = sp<MyBinderRpcTestDefault>::make();
     EXPECT_OK(proc.rootIface->nestMe(nastyNester, 10));
 
     wp<IBinder> weak = nastyNester;
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/aidl/rules.mk b/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/aidl/rules.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1afd324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/aidl/rules.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+LOCAL_DIR := $(GET_LOCAL_DIR)
+LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR := frameworks/native/libs/binder/tests
+
+MODULE := $(LOCAL_DIR)
+
+MODULE_AIDLS := \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/BinderRpcTestClientInfo.aidl \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/BinderRpcTestServerConfig.aidl \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/BinderRpcTestServerInfo.aidl \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/IBinderRpcCallback.aidl \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/IBinderRpcSession.aidl \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/IBinderRpcTest.aidl \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/ParcelableCertificateData.aidl \
+
+include make/aidl.mk
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/service/manifest.json b/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/service/manifest.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c4f7ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/service/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+    "uuid": "87e424e5-69d7-4bbd-8b7c-7e24812cbc94",
+    "app_name": "binderRpcTestService",
+    "min_heap": 65536,
+    "min_stack": 16384,
+    "mgmt_flags": {
+        "restart_on_exit": true,
+        "non_critical_app": true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/service/rules.mk b/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/service/rules.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d1a51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/service/rules.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+LOCAL_DIR := $(GET_LOCAL_DIR)
+LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR := frameworks/native/libs/binder/tests
+
+MODULE := $(LOCAL_DIR)
+
+MANIFEST := $(LOCAL_DIR)/manifest.json
+
+MODULE_SRCS := \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/binderRpcTestCommon.cpp \
+	$(LIBBINDER_TESTS_DIR)/binderRpcTestServiceTrusty.cpp \
+
+MODULE_LIBRARY_DEPS := \
+	frameworks/native/libs/binder/trusty \
+	frameworks/native/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/aidl \
+	trusty/user/base/lib/libstdc++-trusty \
+	trusty/user/base/lib/tipc \
+
+include make/trusted_app.mk
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/include/binder/RpcServerTrusty.h b/libs/binder/trusty/include/binder/RpcServerTrusty.h
index 7d9dd8c..6678eb8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/trusty/include/binder/RpcServerTrusty.h
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/include/binder/RpcServerTrusty.h
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@
     }
     sp<IBinder> getRootObject() { return mRpcServer->getRootObject(); }
 
+    /**
+     * For debugging!
+     */
+    std::vector<sp<RpcSession>> listSessions() { return mRpcServer->listSessions(); }
+
 private:
     // Both this class and RpcServer have multiple non-copyable fields,
     // including mPortAcl below which can't be copied because mUuidPtrs
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl b/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/lib/tipc/tipc.h
similarity index 69%
copy from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
copy to libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/lib/tipc/tipc.h
index c86de34..f295be4 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/lib/tipc/tipc.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -13,7 +13,17 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+#pragma once
 
-package android.gui;
+__BEGIN_DECLS
 
-parcelable ReleaseCallbackId cpp_header "gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h";
+struct tipc_hset;
+
+struct tipc_hset* tipc_hset_create(void) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+int tipc_run_event_loop(struct tipc_hset*) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+__END_DECLS
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ListenerStats.aidl b/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/lk/err_ptr.h
similarity index 80%
rename from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ListenerStats.aidl
rename to libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/lk/err_ptr.h
index 63248b2..ab3fbba 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ListenerStats.aidl
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/lk/err_ptr.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+#pragma once
 
-package android.gui;
-
-parcelable ListenerStats cpp_header "gui/ListenerStats.h";
+#define IS_ERR(x) (!(x))
+#define PTR_ERR(x) (!!(x))
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/trusty_ipc.h b/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/trusty_ipc.h
index a2170ce..43ab84a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/trusty_ipc.h
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/include_mock/trusty_ipc.h
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 #define INFINITE_TIME 1
 #define IPC_MAX_MSG_HANDLES 8
 
+#define IPC_PORT_ALLOW_TA_CONNECT 0x1
+#define IPC_PORT_ALLOW_NS_CONNECT 0x2
+
 #define IPC_HANDLE_POLL_HUP 0x1
 #define IPC_HANDLE_POLL_MSG 0x2
 #define IPC_HANDLE_POLL_SEND_UNBLOCKED 0x4
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/rules.mk b/libs/binder/trusty/rules.mk
index 4e5cd18..42db29a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/trusty/rules.mk
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/rules.mk
@@ -79,6 +79,11 @@
 	-DBINDER_RPC_SINGLE_THREADED \
 	-D__ANDROID_VNDK__ \
 
+# libbinder has some deprecated declarations that we want to produce warnings
+# not errors
+MODULE_EXPORT_COMPILEFLAGS += \
+	-Wno-error=deprecated-declarations \
+
 MODULE_LIBRARY_DEPS += \
 	trusty/user/base/lib/libstdc++-trusty \
 	trusty/user/base/lib/tipc \
diff --git a/libs/binder/trusty/usertests-inc.mk b/libs/binder/trusty/usertests-inc.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f5a7f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/trusty/usertests-inc.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+TRUSTY_USER_TESTS += \
+	frameworks/native/libs/binder/trusty/binderRpcTest/service \
diff --git a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
index 797d6ae..60603ba 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
@@ -587,9 +587,23 @@
         t->setDesiredPresentTime(bufferItem.mTimestamp);
     }
 
-    if (!mNextFrameTimelineInfoQueue.empty()) {
-        t->setFrameTimelineInfo(mNextFrameTimelineInfoQueue.front());
-        mNextFrameTimelineInfoQueue.pop();
+    // Drop stale frame timeline infos
+    while (!mPendingFrameTimelines.empty() &&
+           mPendingFrameTimelines.front().first < bufferItem.mFrameNumber) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("dropping stale frameNumber: %" PRIu64 " vsyncId: %" PRId64,
+                              mPendingFrameTimelines.front().first,
+                              mPendingFrameTimelines.front().second.vsyncId);
+        mPendingFrameTimelines.pop();
+    }
+
+    if (!mPendingFrameTimelines.empty() &&
+        mPendingFrameTimelines.front().first == bufferItem.mFrameNumber) {
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("Transaction::setFrameTimelineInfo frameNumber: %" PRIu64
+                              " vsyncId: %" PRId64,
+                              bufferItem.mFrameNumber,
+                              mPendingFrameTimelines.front().second.vsyncId);
+        t->setFrameTimelineInfo(mPendingFrameTimelines.front().second);
+        mPendingFrameTimelines.pop();
     }
 
     {
@@ -653,6 +667,7 @@
     {
         std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
         BBQ_TRACE();
+
         const bool syncTransactionSet = mTransactionReadyCallback != nullptr;
         BQA_LOGV("onFrameAvailable-start syncTransactionSet=%s", boolToString(syncTransactionSet));
 
@@ -847,12 +862,13 @@
         return mBbq->setFrameRate(frameRate, compatibility, changeFrameRateStrategy);
     }
 
-    status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) override {
+    status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(uint64_t frameNumber,
+                                  const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) override {
         std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
         if (mDestroyed) {
             return DEAD_OBJECT;
         }
-        return mBbq->setFrameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo);
+        return mBbq->setFrameTimelineInfo(frameNumber, frameTimelineInfo);
     }
 
     void destroy() override {
@@ -874,9 +890,12 @@
     return t.setFrameRate(mSurfaceControl, frameRate, compatibility, shouldBeSeamless).apply();
 }
 
-status_t BLASTBufferQueue::setFrameTimelineInfo(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) {
+status_t BLASTBufferQueue::setFrameTimelineInfo(uint64_t frameNumber,
+                                                const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) {
+    ATRACE_FORMAT("%s(%s) frameNumber: %" PRIu64 " vsyncId: %" PRId64, __func__, mName.c_str(),
+                  frameNumber, frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId);
     std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
-    mNextFrameTimelineInfoQueue.push(frameTimelineInfo);
+    mPendingFrameTimelines.push({frameNumber, frameTimelineInfo});
     return OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
index a0e75ff..cefb9a7 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-using gui::CallbackId;
 using gui::DisplayCaptureArgs;
 using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
 using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
@@ -64,7 +63,8 @@
                                  Vector<ComposerState>& state, const Vector<DisplayState>& displays,
                                  uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
                                  const InputWindowCommands& commands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-                                 bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer,
+                                 bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                                 const std::vector<client_cache_t>& uncacheBuffers,
                                  bool hasListenerCallbacks,
                                  const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
                                  uint64_t transactionId) override {
@@ -88,8 +88,11 @@
         SAFE_PARCEL(commands.write, data);
         SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeInt64, desiredPresentTime);
         SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeBool, isAutoTimestamp);
-        SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeStrongBinder, uncacheBuffer.token.promote());
-        SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeUint64, uncacheBuffer.id);
+        SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeUint32, static_cast<uint32_t>(uncacheBuffers.size()));
+        for (const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer : uncacheBuffers) {
+            SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeStrongBinder, uncacheBuffer.token.promote());
+            SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeUint64, uncacheBuffer.id);
+        }
         SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeBool, hasListenerCallbacks);
 
         SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeVectorSize, listenerCallbacks);
@@ -159,11 +162,14 @@
             SAFE_PARCEL(data.readInt64, &desiredPresentTime);
             SAFE_PARCEL(data.readBool, &isAutoTimestamp);
 
-            client_cache_t uncachedBuffer;
+            SAFE_PARCEL_READ_SIZE(data.readUint32, &count, data.dataSize());
+            std::vector<client_cache_t> uncacheBuffers(count);
             sp<IBinder> tmpBinder;
-            SAFE_PARCEL(data.readNullableStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
-            uncachedBuffer.token = tmpBinder;
-            SAFE_PARCEL(data.readUint64, &uncachedBuffer.id);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                SAFE_PARCEL(data.readNullableStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
+                uncacheBuffers[i].token = tmpBinder;
+                SAFE_PARCEL(data.readUint64, &uncacheBuffers[i].id);
+            }
 
             bool hasListenerCallbacks = false;
             SAFE_PARCEL(data.readBool, &hasListenerCallbacks);
@@ -183,7 +189,7 @@
 
             return setTransactionState(frameTimelineInfo, state, displays, stateFlags, applyToken,
                                        inputWindowCommands, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                                       uncachedBuffer, hasListenerCallbacks, listenerCallbacks,
+                                       uncacheBuffers, hasListenerCallbacks, listenerCallbacks,
                                        transactionId);
         }
         default: {
diff --git a/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp b/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
index 23d7d50..985c549 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,23 @@
 #include <optional>
 
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
+#include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
-#include <gui/ListenerStats.h>
 #include <private/gui/ParcelUtils.h>
 
-namespace android::gui {
+namespace android {
+
+namespace { // Anonymous
+
+enum class Tag : uint32_t {
+    ON_TRANSACTION_COMPLETED = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
+    ON_RELEASE_BUFFER,
+    ON_TRANSACTION_QUEUE_STALLED,
+    ON_TRUSTED_PRESENTATION_CHANGED,
+    LAST = ON_TRUSTED_PRESENTATION_CHANGED,
+};
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
 
 status_t FrameEventHistoryStats::writeToParcel(Parcel* output) const {
     status_t err = output->writeUint64(frameNumber);
@@ -263,6 +275,68 @@
     return listenerStats;
 }
 
+class BpTransactionCompletedListener : public SafeBpInterface<ITransactionCompletedListener> {
+public:
+    explicit BpTransactionCompletedListener(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
+          : SafeBpInterface<ITransactionCompletedListener>(impl, "BpTransactionCompletedListener") {
+    }
+
+    ~BpTransactionCompletedListener() override;
+
+    void onTransactionCompleted(ListenerStats stats) override {
+        callRemoteAsync<decltype(&ITransactionCompletedListener::
+                                         onTransactionCompleted)>(Tag::ON_TRANSACTION_COMPLETED,
+                                                                  stats);
+    }
+
+    void onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId callbackId, sp<Fence> releaseFence,
+                         uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) override {
+        callRemoteAsync<decltype(&ITransactionCompletedListener::
+                                         onReleaseBuffer)>(Tag::ON_RELEASE_BUFFER, callbackId,
+                                                           releaseFence,
+                                                           currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+    }
+
+    void onTransactionQueueStalled(const String8& reason) override {
+        callRemoteAsync<
+                decltype(&ITransactionCompletedListener::
+                                 onTransactionQueueStalled)>(Tag::ON_TRANSACTION_QUEUE_STALLED,
+                                                             reason);
+    }
+
+    void onTrustedPresentationChanged(int id, bool inTrustedPresentationState) override {
+        callRemoteAsync<decltype(&ITransactionCompletedListener::onTrustedPresentationChanged)>(
+                Tag::ON_TRUSTED_PRESENTATION_CHANGED, id, inTrustedPresentationState);
+    }
+};
+
+// Out-of-line virtual method definitions to trigger vtable emission in this translation unit (see
+// clang warning -Wweak-vtables)
+BpTransactionCompletedListener::~BpTransactionCompletedListener() = default;
+
+IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(TransactionCompletedListener, "android.gui.ITransactionComposerListener");
+
+status_t BnTransactionCompletedListener::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
+                                                    Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
+    if (code < IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION || code > static_cast<uint32_t>(Tag::LAST)) {
+        return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
+    }
+    auto tag = static_cast<Tag>(code);
+    switch (tag) {
+        case Tag::ON_TRANSACTION_COMPLETED:
+            return callLocalAsync(data, reply,
+                                  &ITransactionCompletedListener::onTransactionCompleted);
+        case Tag::ON_RELEASE_BUFFER:
+            return callLocalAsync(data, reply, &ITransactionCompletedListener::onReleaseBuffer);
+        case Tag::ON_TRANSACTION_QUEUE_STALLED:
+            return callLocalAsync(data, reply,
+                                  &ITransactionCompletedListener::onTransactionQueueStalled);
+        case Tag::ON_TRUSTED_PRESENTATION_CHANGED:
+            return callLocalAsync(data, reply,
+                                  &ITransactionCompletedListener::onTrustedPresentationChanged);
+    }
+}
+
 ListenerCallbacks ListenerCallbacks::filter(CallbackId::Type type) const {
     std::vector<CallbackId> filteredCallbackIds;
     for (const auto& callbackId : callbackIds) {
@@ -301,4 +375,4 @@
 
 const ReleaseCallbackId ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID = ReleaseCallbackId(0, 0);
 
-}; // namespace android::gui
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
index 0d1a69b..43acb16 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-using gui::CallbackId;
 using gui::FocusRequest;
 using gui::WindowInfoHandle;
 
@@ -186,6 +185,8 @@
     if (hasBufferData) {
         SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeParcelable, *bufferData);
     }
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeParcelable, trustedPresentationThresholds);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeParcelable, trustedPresentationListener);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -316,6 +317,10 @@
     } else {
         bufferData = nullptr;
     }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readParcelable, &trustedPresentationThresholds);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readParcelable, &trustedPresentationListener);
+
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -554,6 +559,11 @@
         what |= eBufferChanged;
         bufferData = other.bufferData;
     }
+    if (other.what & eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged) {
+        what |= eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged;
+        trustedPresentationListener = other.trustedPresentationListener;
+        trustedPresentationThresholds = other.trustedPresentationThresholds;
+    }
     if (other.what & eDataspaceChanged) {
         what |= eDataspaceChanged;
         dataspace = other.dataspace;
@@ -999,4 +1009,20 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+status_t TrustedPresentationListener::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeStrongBinder, callbackInterface);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt32, callbackId);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t TrustedPresentationListener::readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) {
+    sp<IBinder> tmpBinder = nullptr;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readNullableStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
+    if (tmpBinder) {
+        callbackInterface = checked_interface_cast<ITransactionCompletedListener>(tmpBinder);
+    }
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt32, &callbackId);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
index edb18a8..b18bf5b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
@@ -1863,6 +1863,7 @@
 
 int Surface::dispatchSetFrameTimelineInfo(va_list args) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
+    auto frameNumber = static_cast<uint64_t>(va_arg(args, uint64_t));
     auto frameTimelineVsyncId = static_cast<int64_t>(va_arg(args, int64_t));
     auto inputEventId = static_cast<int32_t>(va_arg(args, int32_t));
     auto startTimeNanos = static_cast<int64_t>(va_arg(args, int64_t));
@@ -1872,7 +1873,7 @@
     ftlInfo.vsyncId = frameTimelineVsyncId;
     ftlInfo.inputEventId = inputEventId;
     ftlInfo.startTimeNanos = startTimeNanos;
-    return setFrameTimelineInfo(ftlInfo);
+    return setFrameTimelineInfo(frameNumber, ftlInfo);
 }
 
 bool Surface::transformToDisplayInverse() const {
@@ -2641,7 +2642,8 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t Surface::setFrameTimelineInfo(const FrameTimelineInfo& /*frameTimelineInfo*/) {
+status_t Surface::setFrameTimelineInfo(uint64_t /*frameNumber*/,
+                                       const FrameTimelineInfo& /*frameTimelineInfo*/) {
     // ISurfaceComposer no longer supports setFrameTimelineInfo
     return BAD_VALUE;
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index a2ed8aa..5bdeae8 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <android/gui/DisplayState.h>
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.h>
+#include <android/gui/TrustedPresentationThresholds.h>
 #include <android/os/IInputConstants.h>
 #include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::DisplayDecorationSupport;
 using gui::FocusRequest;
 using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
+using gui::TrustedPresentationThresholds;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 using gui::WindowInfoHandle;
 using gui::WindowInfosListener;
@@ -314,8 +316,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-binder::Status TransactionCompletedListener::onTransactionCompleted(
-        const ListenerStats& listenerStats) {
+void TransactionCompletedListener::onTransactionCompleted(ListenerStats listenerStats) {
     std::unordered_map<CallbackId, CallbackTranslation, CallbackIdHash> callbacksMap;
     std::multimap<int32_t, sp<JankDataListener>> jankListenersMap;
     {
@@ -455,10 +456,9 @@
             }
         }
     }
-    return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status TransactionCompletedListener::onTransactionQueueStalled(const std::string& reason) {
+void TransactionCompletedListener::onTransactionQueueStalled(const String8& reason) {
     std::unordered_map<void*, std::function<void(const std::string&)>> callbackCopy;
     {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
@@ -467,7 +467,6 @@
     for (auto const& it : callbackCopy) {
         it.second(reason.c_str());
     }
-    return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
 void TransactionCompletedListener::addQueueStallListener(
@@ -481,12 +480,9 @@
     mQueueStallListeners.erase(id);
 }
 
-binder::Status TransactionCompletedListener::onReleaseBuffer(
-        const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId,
-        const std::optional<os::ParcelFileDescriptor>& releaseFenceFd,
-        int32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
-    sp<Fence> releaseFence(releaseFenceFd ? new Fence(::dup(releaseFenceFd->get()))
-                                          : Fence::NO_FENCE);
+void TransactionCompletedListener::onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId callbackId,
+                                                   sp<Fence> releaseFence,
+                                                   uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
     ReleaseBufferCallback callback;
     {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
@@ -495,14 +491,13 @@
     if (!callback) {
         ALOGE("Could not call release buffer callback, buffer not found %s",
               callbackId.to_string().c_str());
-        return binder::Status::fromExceptionCode(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        return;
     }
     std::optional<uint32_t> optionalMaxAcquiredBufferCount =
-            static_cast<uint32_t>(currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) == UINT_MAX
+            currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount == UINT_MAX
             ? std::nullopt
             : std::make_optional<uint32_t>(currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
     callback(callbackId, releaseFence, optionalMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
-    return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
 ReleaseBufferCallback TransactionCompletedListener::popReleaseBufferCallbackLocked(
@@ -525,6 +520,45 @@
     }
 }
 
+SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII::PresentationCallbackRAII(
+        TransactionCompletedListener* tcl, int id) {
+    mTcl = tcl;
+    mId = id;
+}
+
+SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII::~PresentationCallbackRAII() {
+    mTcl->clearTrustedPresentationCallback(mId);
+}
+
+sp<SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII>
+TransactionCompletedListener::addTrustedPresentationCallback(TrustedPresentationCallback tpc,
+                                                             int id, void* context) {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    mTrustedPresentationCallbacks[id] =
+            std::tuple<TrustedPresentationCallback, void*>(tpc, context);
+    return new SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII(this, id);
+}
+
+void TransactionCompletedListener::clearTrustedPresentationCallback(int id) {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    mTrustedPresentationCallbacks.erase(id);
+}
+
+void TransactionCompletedListener::onTrustedPresentationChanged(int id,
+                                                                bool presentedWithinThresholds) {
+    TrustedPresentationCallback tpc;
+    void* context;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        auto it = mTrustedPresentationCallbacks.find(id);
+        if (it == mTrustedPresentationCallbacks.end()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        std::tie(tpc, context) = it->second;
+    }
+    tpc(context, presentedWithinThresholds);
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 void removeDeadBufferCallback(void* /*context*/, uint64_t graphicBufferId);
@@ -572,11 +606,13 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    uint64_t cache(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) {
+    uint64_t cache(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
+                   std::optional<client_cache_t>& outUncacheBuffer) {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
 
         if (mBuffers.size() >= BUFFER_CACHE_MAX_SIZE) {
-            evictLeastRecentlyUsedBuffer();
+            outUncacheBuffer = findLeastRecentlyUsedBuffer();
+            mBuffers.erase(outUncacheBuffer->id);
         }
 
         buffer->addDeathCallback(removeDeadBufferCallback, nullptr);
@@ -587,16 +623,13 @@
 
     void uncache(uint64_t cacheId) {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-        uncacheLocked(cacheId);
-    }
-
-    void uncacheLocked(uint64_t cacheId) REQUIRES(mMutex) {
-        mBuffers.erase(cacheId);
-        SurfaceComposerClient::doUncacheBufferTransaction(cacheId);
+        if (mBuffers.erase(cacheId)) {
+            SurfaceComposerClient::doUncacheBufferTransaction(cacheId);
+        }
     }
 
 private:
-    void evictLeastRecentlyUsedBuffer() REQUIRES(mMutex) {
+    client_cache_t findLeastRecentlyUsedBuffer() REQUIRES(mMutex) {
         auto itr = mBuffers.begin();
         uint64_t minCounter = itr->second;
         auto minBuffer = itr;
@@ -610,7 +643,8 @@
             }
             itr++;
         }
-        uncacheLocked(minBuffer->first);
+
+        return {.token = getToken(), .id = minBuffer->first};
     }
 
     uint64_t getCounter() REQUIRES(mMutex) {
@@ -748,6 +782,18 @@
     InputWindowCommands inputWindowCommands;
     inputWindowCommands.read(*parcel);
 
+    count = static_cast<size_t>(parcel->readUint32());
+    if (count > parcel->dataSize()) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    std::vector<client_cache_t> uncacheBuffers(count);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        sp<IBinder> tmpBinder;
+        SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
+        uncacheBuffers[i].token = tmpBinder;
+        SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint64, &uncacheBuffers[i].id);
+    }
+
     // Parsing was successful. Update the object.
     mId = transactionId;
     mTransactionNestCount = transactionNestCount;
@@ -762,6 +808,7 @@
     mComposerStates = composerStates;
     mInputWindowCommands = inputWindowCommands;
     mApplyToken = applyToken;
+    mUncacheBuffers = std::move(uncacheBuffers);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -813,6 +860,13 @@
     }
 
     mInputWindowCommands.write(*parcel);
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint32, static_cast<uint32_t>(mUncacheBuffers.size()));
+    for (const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer : mUncacheBuffers) {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeStrongBinder, uncacheBuffer.token.promote());
+        SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint64, uncacheBuffer.id);
+    }
+
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -832,11 +886,7 @@
                 ->mReleaseCallbackThread
                 .addReleaseCallback(state.bufferData->generateReleaseCallbackId(), fence);
     } else {
-        std::optional<os::ParcelFileDescriptor> fenceFd;
-        if (fence != Fence::NO_FENCE) {
-            fenceFd = os::ParcelFileDescriptor(base::unique_fd(::dup(fence->get())));
-        }
-        listener->onReleaseBuffer(state.bufferData->generateReleaseCallbackId(), fenceFd, UINT_MAX);
+        listener->onReleaseBuffer(state.bufferData->generateReleaseCallbackId(), fence, UINT_MAX);
     }
 }
 
@@ -884,6 +934,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    for (const auto& cacheId : other.mUncacheBuffers) {
+        mUncacheBuffers.push_back(cacheId);
+    }
+
     mInputWindowCommands.merge(other.mInputWindowCommands);
 
     mMayContainBuffer |= other.mMayContainBuffer;
@@ -902,6 +956,7 @@
     mDisplayStates.clear();
     mListenerCallbacks.clear();
     mInputWindowCommands.clear();
+    mUncacheBuffers.clear();
     mMayContainBuffer = false;
     mTransactionNestCount = 0;
     mAnimation = false;
@@ -924,10 +979,10 @@
     uncacheBuffer.token = BufferCache::getInstance().getToken();
     uncacheBuffer.id = cacheId;
     Vector<ComposerState> composerStates;
-    status_t status =
-            sf->setTransactionState(FrameTimelineInfo{}, composerStates, {},
-                                    ISurfaceComposer::eOneWay, Transaction::getDefaultApplyToken(),
-                                    {}, systemTime(), true, uncacheBuffer, false, {}, generateId());
+    status_t status = sf->setTransactionState(FrameTimelineInfo{}, composerStates, {},
+                                              ISurfaceComposer::eOneWay,
+                                              Transaction::getDefaultApplyToken(), {}, systemTime(),
+                                              true, {uncacheBuffer}, false, {}, generateId());
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
         ALOGE_AND_TRACE("SurfaceComposerClient::doUncacheBufferTransaction - %s",
                         strerror(-status));
@@ -965,7 +1020,11 @@
             s->bufferData->buffer = nullptr;
         } else {
             // Cache-miss. Include the buffer and send the new cacheId.
-            cacheId = BufferCache::getInstance().cache(s->bufferData->buffer);
+            std::optional<client_cache_t> uncacheBuffer;
+            cacheId = BufferCache::getInstance().cache(s->bufferData->buffer, uncacheBuffer);
+            if (uncacheBuffer) {
+                mUncacheBuffers.push_back(*uncacheBuffer);
+            }
         }
         s->bufferData->flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::cachedBufferChanged;
         s->bufferData->cachedBuffer.token = BufferCache::getInstance().getToken();
@@ -1098,8 +1157,7 @@
     sp<ISurfaceComposer> sf(ComposerService::getComposerService());
     sf->setTransactionState(mFrameTimelineInfo, composerStates, displayStates, flags, applyToken,
                             mInputWindowCommands, mDesiredPresentTime, mIsAutoTimestamp,
-                            {} /*uncacheBuffer - only set in doUncacheBufferTransaction*/,
-                            hasListenerCallbacks, listenerCallbacks, mId);
+                            mUncacheBuffers, hasListenerCallbacks, listenerCallbacks, mId);
     mId = generateId();
 
     // Clear the current states and flags
@@ -2109,6 +2167,45 @@
     t.startTimeNanos = 0;
 }
 
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction&
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setTrustedPresentationCallback(
+        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, TrustedPresentationCallback cb,
+        const TrustedPresentationThresholds& thresholds, void* context,
+        sp<SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII>& outCallbackRef) {
+    auto listener = TransactionCompletedListener::getInstance();
+    outCallbackRef = listener->addTrustedPresentationCallback(cb, sc->getLayerId(), context);
+
+    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
+    if (!s) {
+        mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    s->what |= layer_state_t::eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged;
+    s->trustedPresentationThresholds = thresholds;
+    s->trustedPresentationListener.callbackInterface = TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance();
+    s->trustedPresentationListener.callbackId = sc->getLayerId();
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction&
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::clearTrustedPresentationCallback(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc) {
+    auto listener = TransactionCompletedListener::getInstance();
+    listener->clearTrustedPresentationCallback(sc->getLayerId());
+
+    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
+    if (!s) {
+        mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    s->what |= layer_state_t::eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged;
+    s->trustedPresentationThresholds = TrustedPresentationThresholds();
+    s->trustedPresentationListener.callbackInterface = nullptr;
+    s->trustedPresentationListener.callbackId = -1;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 SurfaceComposerClient::SurfaceComposerClient() : mStatus(NO_INIT) {}
@@ -2496,6 +2593,20 @@
     return statusTFromBinderStatus(status);
 }
 
+status_t SurfaceComposerClient::getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+        std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>* hdrConversionCapabilities) {
+    binder::Status status = ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService()->getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+            hdrConversionCapabilities);
+    return statusTFromBinderStatus(status);
+}
+
+status_t SurfaceComposerClient::setHdrConversionStrategy(
+        gui::HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy) {
+    binder::Status status = ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService()->setHdrConversionStrategy(
+            hdrConversionStrategy);
+    return statusTFromBinderStatus(status);
+}
+
 status_t SurfaceComposerClient::setOverrideFrameRate(uid_t uid, float frameRate) {
     binder::Status status =
             ComposerServiceAIDL::getComposerService()->setOverrideFrameRate(uid, frameRate);
@@ -2866,11 +2977,7 @@
 
         while (!callbackInfos.empty()) {
             auto [callbackId, releaseFence] = callbackInfos.front();
-            std::optional<os::ParcelFileDescriptor> fenceFd;
-            if (releaseFence != Fence::NO_FENCE) {
-                fenceFd = os::ParcelFileDescriptor(base::unique_fd(::dup(releaseFence->get())));
-            }
-            listener->onReleaseBuffer(callbackId, fenceFd, UINT_MAX);
+            listener->onReleaseBuffer(callbackId, std::move(releaseFence), UINT_MAX);
             callbackInfos.pop();
         }
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/HdrConversionCapability.aidl
similarity index 75%
copy from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
copy to libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/HdrConversionCapability.aidl
index c86de34..1bcfd38 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/HdrConversionCapability.aidl
@@ -16,4 +16,10 @@
 
 package android.gui;
 
-parcelable ReleaseCallbackId cpp_header "gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h";
+// TODO(b/265277221): use android.hardware.graphics.common.HdrConversionCapability.aidl
+/** @hide */
+parcelable HdrConversionCapability {
+    int sourceType;
+    int outputType;
+    boolean addsLatency;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/HdrConversionStrategy.aidl
similarity index 74%
copy from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
copy to libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/HdrConversionStrategy.aidl
index c86de34..1be74b4 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/HdrConversionStrategy.aidl
@@ -16,4 +16,10 @@
 
 package android.gui;
 
-parcelable ReleaseCallbackId cpp_header "gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h";
+// TODO(b/265277221): use android.hardware.graphics.common.HdrConversionStrategy.aidl
+/** @hide */
+union HdrConversionStrategy {
+    boolean passthrough = true;
+    int[] autoAllowedHdrTypes;
+    int forceHdrConversion;
+}
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IHdrConversionConstants.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IHdrConversionConstants.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7697f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IHdrConversionConstants.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.gui;
+
+/** @hide */
+interface IHdrConversionConstants
+{
+    /** HDR Conversion Mode when there is no conversion being done */
+    const int HdrConversionModePassthrough = 1;
+
+    /** HDR Conversion Mode when HDR conversion is decided by the system or implementation */
+    const int HdrConversionModeAuto = 2;
+
+    /** HDR Conversion Mode when the output HDR types is selected by the user or framework */
+    const int HdrConversionModeForce = 3;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
index a0b613c..c08a7c6 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ISurfaceComposer.aidl
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import android.gui.DynamicDisplayInfo;
 import android.gui.FrameEvent;
 import android.gui.FrameStats;
+import android.gui.HdrConversionCapability;
+import android.gui.HdrConversionStrategy;
 import android.gui.IDisplayEventConnection;
 import android.gui.IFpsListener;
 import android.gui.IHdrLayerInfoListener;
@@ -162,6 +164,26 @@
     boolean getBootDisplayModeSupport();
 
     /**
+     * Gets the HDR conversion capabilities of the device. The conversion capability defines whether
+     * conversion from sourceType to outputType is possible (with or without latency).
+     *
+     * Requires the ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER permission.
+     */
+     List<HdrConversionCapability> getHdrConversionCapabilities();
+
+     /**
+      * Sets the HDR conversion strategy of the device.
+      *
+      * Requires the ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER permission.
+      */
+     void setHdrConversionStrategy(in HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy);
+
+     /**
+      * Gets whether HDR output conversion operations are supported on the device.
+      */
+     boolean getHdrOutputConversionSupport();
+
+    /**
      * Switches Auto Low Latency Mode on/off on the connected display, if it is
      * available. This should only be called if the display supports Auto Low
      * Latency Mode as reported in #getDynamicDisplayInfo.
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index dde4d38..0000000
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.gui;
-
-import android.gui.ListenerStats;
-import android.gui.ReleaseCallbackId;
-
-/** @hide */
-oneway interface ITransactionCompletedListener {
-   void onTransactionCompleted(in ListenerStats stats);
-
-   void onReleaseBuffer(in ReleaseCallbackId callbackId,
-                        in @nullable ParcelFileDescriptor releaseFenceFd,
-                        int currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
-
-   void onTransactionQueueStalled(@utf8InCpp String name);
-}
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl
index 1af5746..5fb1a83 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/OverlayProperties.aidl
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 parcelable OverlayProperties {
     parcelable SupportedBufferCombinations {
         int[] pixelFormats;
-        int[] dataspaces;
+        int[] standards;
+        int[] transfers;
+        int[] ranges;
     }
     SupportedBufferCombinations[] combinations;
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/TrustedPresentationThresholds.aidl
similarity index 80%
rename from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
rename to libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/TrustedPresentationThresholds.aidl
index c86de34..1eea5b4 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/TrustedPresentationThresholds.aidl
@@ -16,4 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.gui;
 
-parcelable ReleaseCallbackId cpp_header "gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h";
+parcelable TrustedPresentationThresholds {
+    float minAlpha = -1.0f;
+    float minFractionRendered = -1.0f;
+
+    int stabilityRequirementMs = 0;
+}
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_bufferQueue_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_bufferQueue_fuzzer.cpp
index 761f08f..17f4c63 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_bufferQueue_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_bufferQueue_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
     queue->setFrameRate(mFdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>(), mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int8_t>(),
                         mFdp.ConsumeBool() /*shouldBeSeamless*/);
     FrameTimelineInfo info;
-    queue->setFrameTimelineInfo(info);
+    queue->setFrameTimelineInfo(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>(), info);
 
     ManageResourceHandle handle(&mFdp);
     queue->setSidebandStream(handle.getStream());
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
index 8810e4e..685bd92 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, setBootDisplayMode, (const sp<IBinder>&, int), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, clearBootDisplayMode, (const sp<IBinder>&), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, getBootDisplayModeSupport, (bool*), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, getHdrConversionCapabilities,
+                (std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>*), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, setHdrConversionStrategy, (const gui::HdrConversionStrategy&),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, getHdrOutputConversionSupport, (bool*), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, setAutoLowLatencyMode, (const sp<IBinder>&, bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, setGameContentType, (const sp<IBinder>&, bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(binder::Status, captureDisplay,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
index 001d8e5..c93ab86 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
     void update(const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, int32_t format);
 
     status_t setFrameRate(float frameRate, int8_t compatibility, bool shouldBeSeamless);
-    status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(const FrameTimelineInfo& info);
+    status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(uint64_t frameNumber, const FrameTimelineInfo& info);
 
     void setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& stream);
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
     std::vector<std::tuple<uint64_t /* framenumber */, SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction>>
             mPendingTransactions GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
-    std::queue<FrameTimelineInfo> mNextFrameTimelineInfoQueue GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    std::queue<std::pair<uint64_t, FrameTimelineInfo>> mPendingFrameTimelines GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     // Tracks the last acquired frame number
     uint64_t mLastAcquiredFrameNumber GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
index 06a246e..ae56f9f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 #include <android/gui/IHdrLayerInfoListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/IScreenCaptureListener.h>
-#include <android/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/ITunnelModeEnabledListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.h>
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <binder/IInterface.h>
+#include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <gui/SpHash.h>
 #include <math/vec4.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@
 using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
 using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
 using gui::IScreenCaptureListener;
-using gui::ListenerCallbacks;
 using gui::SpHash;
 
 namespace gui {
@@ -114,8 +113,9 @@
             const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, Vector<ComposerState>& state,
             const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
             const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-            bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-            const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks, uint64_t transactionId) = 0;
+            bool isAutoTimestamp, const std::vector<client_cache_t>& uncacheBuffer,
+            bool hasListenerCallbacks, const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
+            uint64_t transactionId) = 0;
 };
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/ListenerStats.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h
similarity index 80%
rename from libs/gui/include/gui/ListenerStats.h
rename to libs/gui/include/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h
index 3a12802..d593f56 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/ListenerStats.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <binder/SafeInterface.h>
 
 #include <gui/FrameTimestamps.h>
-#include <gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h>
-
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
@@ -34,7 +32,10 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <variant>
 
-namespace android::gui {
+namespace android {
+
+class ITransactionCompletedListener;
+class ListenerCallbacks;
 
 class CallbackId : public Parcelable {
 public:
@@ -53,6 +54,30 @@
     std::size_t operator()(const CallbackId& key) const { return std::hash<int64_t>()(key.id); }
 };
 
+class ReleaseCallbackId : public Parcelable {
+public:
+    static const ReleaseCallbackId INVALID_ID;
+
+    uint64_t bufferId;
+    uint64_t framenumber;
+    ReleaseCallbackId() {}
+    ReleaseCallbackId(uint64_t bufferId, uint64_t framenumber)
+          : bufferId(bufferId), framenumber(framenumber) {}
+    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* output) const override;
+    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* input) override;
+
+    bool operator==(const ReleaseCallbackId& rhs) const {
+        return bufferId == rhs.bufferId && framenumber == rhs.framenumber;
+    }
+    bool operator!=(const ReleaseCallbackId& rhs) const { return !operator==(rhs); }
+    std::string to_string() const {
+        if (*this == INVALID_ID) return "INVALID_ID";
+
+        return "bufferId:" + std::to_string(bufferId) +
+                " framenumber:" + std::to_string(framenumber);
+    }
+};
+
 struct ReleaseBufferCallbackIdHash {
     std::size_t operator()(const ReleaseCallbackId& key) const {
         return std::hash<uint64_t>()(key.bufferId);
@@ -161,6 +186,29 @@
     std::vector<TransactionStats> transactionStats;
 };
 
+class ITransactionCompletedListener : public IInterface {
+public:
+    DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(TransactionCompletedListener)
+
+    virtual void onTransactionCompleted(ListenerStats stats) = 0;
+
+    virtual void onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId callbackId, sp<Fence> releaseFence,
+                                 uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) = 0;
+
+    virtual void onTransactionQueueStalled(const String8& name) = 0;
+
+    virtual void onTrustedPresentationChanged(int id, bool inTrustedPresentationState) = 0;
+};
+
+class BnTransactionCompletedListener : public SafeBnInterface<ITransactionCompletedListener> {
+public:
+    BnTransactionCompletedListener()
+          : SafeBnInterface<ITransactionCompletedListener>("BnTransactionCompletedListener") {}
+
+    status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
+                        uint32_t flags = 0) override;
+};
+
 class ListenerCallbacks {
 public:
     ListenerCallbacks(const sp<IBinder>& listener,
@@ -222,4 +270,4 @@
     }
 };
 
-} // namespace android::gui
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index c5fdf82..70c9daf 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <android/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/IWindowInfosReportedListener.h>
+#include <android/gui/TrustedPresentationThresholds.h>
 #include <android/native_window.h>
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
+#include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <math/mat4.h>
 
 #include <android/gui/DropInputMode.h>
@@ -35,7 +36,6 @@
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/LayerCaptureArgs.h>
 #include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
-#include <gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h>
 #include <gui/SpHash.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@
 using gui::ISurfaceComposerClient;
 using gui::LayerMetadata;
 
-using gui::ITransactionCompletedListener;
-using gui::ReleaseCallbackId;
+using gui::TrustedPresentationThresholds;
 
 struct client_cache_t {
     wp<IBinder> token = nullptr;
@@ -69,6 +68,19 @@
     bool isValid() const { return token != nullptr; }
 };
 
+class TrustedPresentationListener : public Parcelable {
+public:
+    sp<ITransactionCompletedListener> callbackInterface;
+    int callbackId = -1;
+
+    void invoke(bool presentedWithinThresholds) {
+        callbackInterface->onTrustedPresentationChanged(callbackId, presentedWithinThresholds);
+    }
+
+    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const;
+    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel);
+};
+
 class BufferData : public Parcelable {
 public:
     virtual ~BufferData() = default;
@@ -152,7 +164,7 @@
     enum {
         ePositionChanged = 0x00000001,
         eLayerChanged = 0x00000002,
-        /* unused = 0x00000004, */
+        eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged = 0x00000004,
         eAlphaChanged = 0x00000008,
         eMatrixChanged = 0x00000010,
         eTransparentRegionChanged = 0x00000020,
@@ -210,26 +222,56 @@
     uint64_t diff(const layer_state_t& other) const;
     bool hasBufferChanges() const;
 
-    // Changes to the tree structure.
-    static constexpr uint64_t HIERARCHY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged | layer_state_t::eReparent |
-            layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
+    // Layer hierarchy updates.
+    static constexpr uint64_t HIERARCHY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eLayerChanged | layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eReparent;
+
+    // Geometry updates.
+    static constexpr uint64_t GEOMETRY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCropChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged | layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged |
+            layer_state_t::ePositionChanged | layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged;
+
+    // Buffer and related updates.
+    static constexpr uint64_t BUFFER_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eApiChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBufferChanged | layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eDataspaceChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged | layer_state_t::eSurfaceDamageRegionChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged;
+
     // Content updates.
-    static constexpr uint64_t CONTENT_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged | layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eRenderBorderChanged | layer_state_t::eColorChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eBufferChanged | layer_state_t::eDataspaceChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eApiChanged | layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged |
+    static constexpr uint64_t CONTENT_CHANGES = layer_state_t::BUFFER_CHANGES |
+            layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged | layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged | layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged | layer_state_t::eColorChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged | layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged | layer_state_t::eDimmingEnabledChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eHdrMetadataChanged | layer_state_t::eRenderBorderChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged | layer_state_t::eStretchChanged;
+
+    // Changes which invalidates the layer's visible region in CE.
+    static constexpr uint64_t CONTENT_DIRTY = layer_state_t::CONTENT_CHANGES |
+            layer_state_t::GEOMETRY_CHANGES | layer_state_t::HIERARCHY_CHANGES;
+
+    // Changes affecting child states.
+    static constexpr uint64_t AFFECTS_CHILDREN = layer_state_t::GEOMETRY_CHANGES |
+            layer_state_t::HIERARCHY_CHANGES | layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged |
             layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged | layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged | layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged | layer_state_t::eStretchChanged;
-    // Changes to content or children size.
-    static constexpr uint64_t GEOMETRY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::ePositionChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged | layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged | layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged | layer_state_t::eCropChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged;
+            layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged | layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged | layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged;
+
+    // Changes affecting data sent to input.
+    static constexpr uint64_t INPUT_CHANGES = layer_state_t::GEOMETRY_CHANGES |
+            layer_state_t::HIERARCHY_CHANGES | layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eDropInputModeChanged | layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged;
+
+    // Changes that affect the visible region on a display.
+    static constexpr uint64_t VISIBLE_REGION_CHANGES =
+            layer_state_t::GEOMETRY_CHANGES | layer_state_t::HIERARCHY_CHANGES;
 
     bool hasValidBuffer() const;
     void sanitize(int32_t permissions);
@@ -343,6 +385,9 @@
     gui::DropInputMode dropInputMode;
 
     bool dimmingEnabled;
+
+    TrustedPresentationThresholds trustedPresentationThresholds;
+    TrustedPresentationListener trustedPresentationListener;
 };
 
 class ComposerState {
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 142ee5a..0000000
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace android::gui {
-
-class ReleaseCallbackId : public Parcelable {
-public:
-    static const ReleaseCallbackId INVALID_ID;
-
-    uint64_t bufferId;
-    uint64_t framenumber;
-    ReleaseCallbackId() {}
-    ReleaseCallbackId(uint64_t bufferId, uint64_t framenumber)
-          : bufferId(bufferId), framenumber(framenumber) {}
-    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* output) const override;
-    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* input) override;
-
-    bool operator==(const ReleaseCallbackId& rhs) const {
-        return bufferId == rhs.bufferId && framenumber == rhs.framenumber;
-    }
-    bool operator!=(const ReleaseCallbackId& rhs) const { return !operator==(rhs); }
-    std::string to_string() const {
-        if (*this == INVALID_ID) return "INVALID_ID";
-
-        return "bufferId:" + std::to_string(bufferId) +
-                " framenumber:" + std::to_string(framenumber);
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace android::gui
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
index b9ccdc9..39a59e4 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
 
     virtual status_t setFrameRate(float frameRate, int8_t compatibility,
                                   int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy);
-    virtual status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(const FrameTimelineInfo& info);
+    virtual status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(uint64_t frameNumber, const FrameTimelineInfo& info);
 
 protected:
     virtual ~Surface();
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index cc459c5..439e060 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -42,13 +42,10 @@
 
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
 
-#include <android/gui/BnTransactionCompletedListener.h>
-
 #include <gui/CpuConsumer.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
+#include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
-#include <gui/ListenerStats.h>
-#include <gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h>
 #include <math/vec3.h>
@@ -61,22 +58,13 @@
 class IGraphicBufferProducer;
 class ITunnelModeEnabledListener;
 class Region;
+class TransactionCompletedListener;
 
-using gui::BnTransactionCompletedListener;
-using gui::CallbackId;
-using gui::CallbackIdHash;
 using gui::DisplayCaptureArgs;
-using gui::FrameEventHistoryStats;
 using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
 using gui::ISurfaceComposerClient;
-using gui::ITransactionCompletedListener;
-using gui::JankData;
 using gui::LayerCaptureArgs;
 using gui::LayerMetadata;
-using gui::ListenerStats;
-using gui::ReleaseBufferCallbackIdHash;
-using gui::ReleaseCallbackId;
-using gui::SurfaceStats;
 
 struct SurfaceControlStats {
     SurfaceControlStats(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, nsecs_t latchTime,
@@ -119,6 +107,8 @@
                            const sp<Fence>& /*presentFence*/,
                            const SurfaceStats& /*stats*/)>;
 
+using TrustedPresentationCallback = std::function<void(void*, bool)>;
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class ReleaseCallbackThread {
@@ -200,6 +190,11 @@
     // Clears the user-preferred display mode
     static status_t clearBootDisplayMode(const sp<IBinder>& display);
 
+    // Gets the HDR conversion capabilities of the device
+    static status_t getHdrConversionCapabilities(std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>*);
+    // Sets the HDR conversion strategy for the device
+    static status_t setHdrConversionStrategy(gui::HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy);
+
     // Sets the frame rate of a particular app (uid). This is currently called
     // by GameManager.
     static status_t setOverrideFrameRate(uid_t uid, float frameRate);
@@ -398,6 +393,13 @@
         std::unordered_set<sp<SurfaceControl>, SCHash> surfaceControls;
     };
 
+    struct PresentationCallbackRAII : public RefBase {
+        sp<TransactionCompletedListener> mTcl;
+        int mId;
+        PresentationCallbackRAII(TransactionCompletedListener* tcl, int id);
+        virtual ~PresentationCallbackRAII();
+    };
+
     class Transaction : public Parcelable {
     private:
         static sp<IBinder> sApplyToken;
@@ -410,6 +412,7 @@
         SortedVector<DisplayState> mDisplayStates;
         std::unordered_map<sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>, CallbackInfo, TCLHash>
                 mListenerCallbacks;
+        std::vector<client_cache_t> mUncacheBuffers;
 
         uint64_t mId;
 
@@ -577,6 +580,59 @@
         Transaction& addTransactionCommittedCallback(
                 TransactionCompletedCallbackTakesContext callback, void* callbackContext);
 
+        /**
+         * Set a callback to receive feedback about the presentation of a layer.
+         * When the layer is presented according to the passed in Thresholds,
+         * it is said to "enter the state", and receives the callback with true.
+         * When the conditions fall out of thresholds, it is then said to leave the
+         * state.
+         *
+         * There are a few simple thresholds:
+         *    minAlpha: Lower bound on computed alpha
+         *    minFractionRendered: Lower bounds on fraction of pixels that
+         *    were rendered.
+         *    stabilityThresholdMs: A time that alpha and fraction rendered
+         *    must remain within bounds before we can "enter the state"
+         *
+         * The fraction of pixels rendered is a computation based on scale, crop
+         * and occlusion. The calculation may be somewhat counterintuitive, so we
+         * can work through an example. Imagine we have a layer with a 100x100 buffer
+         * which is occluded by (10x100) pixels on the left, and cropped by (100x10) pixels
+         * on the top. Furthermore imagine this layer is scaled by 0.9 in both dimensions.
+         * (c=crop,o=occluded,b=both,x=none
+         *      b c c c
+         *      o x x x
+         *      o x x x
+         *      o x x x
+         *
+         * We first start by computing fr=xscale*yscale=0.9*0.9=0.81, indicating
+         * that "81%" of the pixels were rendered. This corresponds to what was 100
+         * pixels being displayed in 81 pixels. This is somewhat of an abuse of
+         * language, as the information of merged pixels isn't totally lost, but
+         * we err on the conservative side.
+         *
+         * We then repeat a similar process for the crop and covered regions and
+         * accumulate the results: fr = fr * (fractionNotCropped) * (fractionNotCovered)
+         * So for this example we would get 0.9*0.9*0.9*0.9=0.65...
+         *
+         * Notice that this is not completely accurate, as we have double counted
+         * the region marked as b. However we only wanted a "lower bound" and so it
+         * is ok to err in this direction. Selection of the threshold will ultimately
+         * be somewhat arbitrary, and so there are some somewhat arbitrary decisions in
+         * this API as well.
+         *
+         * The caller must keep "PresentationCallbackRAII" alive, or the callback
+         * in SurfaceComposerClient will be unregistered.
+         */
+        Transaction& setTrustedPresentationCallback(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc,
+                                                    TrustedPresentationCallback callback,
+                                                    const TrustedPresentationThresholds& thresholds,
+                                                    void* context,
+                                                    sp<PresentationCallbackRAII>& outCallbackOwner);
+
+        // Clear local memory in SCC
+        Transaction& clearTrustedPresentationCallback(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
+
         // ONLY FOR BLAST ADAPTER
         Transaction& notifyProducerDisconnect(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
 
@@ -803,6 +859,9 @@
     std::multimap<int32_t, SurfaceStatsCallbackEntry> mSurfaceStatsListeners;
     std::unordered_map<void*, std::function<void(const std::string&)>> mQueueStallListeners;
 
+    std::unordered_map<int, std::tuple<TrustedPresentationCallback, void*>>
+            mTrustedPresentationCallbacks;
+
 public:
     static sp<TransactionCompletedListener> getInstance();
     static sp<ITransactionCompletedListener> getIInstance();
@@ -822,6 +881,10 @@
     void addQueueStallListener(std::function<void(const std::string&)> stallListener, void* id);
     void removeQueueStallListener(void *id);
 
+    sp<SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII> addTrustedPresentationCallback(
+            TrustedPresentationCallback tpc, int id, void* context);
+    void clearTrustedPresentationCallback(int id);
+
     /*
      * Adds a jank listener to be informed about SurfaceFlinger's jank classification for a specific
      * surface. Jank classifications arrive as part of the transaction callbacks about previous
@@ -841,17 +904,19 @@
     void setReleaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId&, ReleaseBufferCallback);
 
     // BnTransactionCompletedListener overrides
-    binder::Status onTransactionCompleted(const ListenerStats& stats) override;
-    binder::Status onReleaseBuffer(const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId,
-                                   const std::optional<os::ParcelFileDescriptor>& releaseFenceFd,
-                                   int32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) override;
-    binder::Status onTransactionQueueStalled(const std::string& reason) override;
+    void onTransactionCompleted(ListenerStats stats) override;
+    void onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId, sp<Fence> releaseFence,
+                         uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) override;
 
     void removeReleaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId);
 
     // For Testing Only
     static void setInstance(const sp<TransactionCompletedListener>&);
 
+    void onTransactionQueueStalled(const String8& reason) override;
+
+    void onTrustedPresentationChanged(int id, bool presentedWithinThresholds) override;
+
 private:
     ReleaseBufferCallback popReleaseBufferCallbackLocked(const ReleaseCallbackId&);
     static sp<TransactionCompletedListener> sInstance;
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
index 55242df..32d60cd 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@
                                  const sp<IBinder>& /*applyToken*/,
                                  const InputWindowCommands& /*inputWindowCommands*/,
                                  int64_t /*desiredPresentTime*/, bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/,
-                                 const client_cache_t& /*cachedBuffer*/,
+                                 const std::vector<client_cache_t>& /*cachedBuffer*/,
                                  bool /*hasListenerCallbacks*/,
                                  const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& /*listenerCallbacks*/,
                                  uint64_t /*transactionId*/) override {
@@ -819,6 +819,20 @@
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
+    binder::Status getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+            std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>*) override {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    binder::Status setHdrConversionStrategy(
+            const gui::HdrConversionStrategy& /*hdrConversionStrategy*/) override {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    binder::Status getHdrOutputConversionSupport(bool* /*outSupport*/) override {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
     binder::Status setAutoLowLatencyMode(const sp<IBinder>& /*display*/, bool /*on*/) override {
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
diff --git a/libs/input/Input.cpp b/libs/input/Input.cpp
index c796439..133b260 100644
--- a/libs/input/Input.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Input.cpp
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
     return InputEventLookup::getLabelByKeyCode(keyCode);
 }
 
-int32_t KeyEvent::getKeyCodeFromLabel(const char* label) {
+std::optional<int> KeyEvent::getKeyCodeFromLabel(const char* label) {
     return InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(label);
 }
 
@@ -343,6 +343,28 @@
     return "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const KeyEvent& event) {
+    out << "KeyEvent { action=" << KeyEvent::actionToString(event.getAction());
+
+    out << ", keycode=" << event.getKeyCode() << "(" << KeyEvent::getLabel(event.getKeyCode())
+        << ")";
+
+    if (event.getMetaState() != 0) {
+        out << ", metaState=" << event.getMetaState();
+    }
+
+    out << ", eventTime=" << event.getEventTime();
+    out << ", downTime=" << event.getDownTime();
+    out << ", flags=" << std::hex << event.getFlags() << std::dec;
+    out << ", repeatCount=" << event.getRepeatCount();
+    out << ", deviceId=" << event.getDeviceId();
+    out << ", source=" << inputEventSourceToString(event.getSource());
+    out << ", displayId=" << event.getDisplayId();
+    out << ", eventId=" << event.getId();
+    out << "}";
+    return out;
+}
+
 // --- PointerCoords ---
 
 float PointerCoords::getAxisValue(int32_t axis) const {
@@ -869,7 +891,7 @@
     return InputEventLookup::getAxisLabel(axis);
 }
 
-int32_t MotionEvent::getAxisFromLabel(const char* label) {
+std::optional<int> MotionEvent::getAxisFromLabel(const char* label) {
     return InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(label);
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp b/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp
index 87333f2..9c7c0c1 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <gui/constants.h>
 #include <input/InputDevice.h>
 #include <input/InputEventLabels.h>
 
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@
 // --- InputDeviceInfo ---
 
 InputDeviceInfo::InputDeviceInfo() {
-    initialize(-1, 0, -1, InputDeviceIdentifier(), "", false, false);
+    initialize(-1, 0, -1, InputDeviceIdentifier(), "", false, false, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
 }
 
 InputDeviceInfo::InputDeviceInfo(const InputDeviceInfo& other)
@@ -181,7 +182,8 @@
         mSources(other.mSources),
         mKeyboardType(other.mKeyboardType),
         mKeyCharacterMap(other.mKeyCharacterMap),
-        mSupportsUsi(other.mSupportsUsi),
+        mUsiVersion(other.mUsiVersion),
+        mAssociatedDisplayId(other.mAssociatedDisplayId),
         mHasVibrator(other.mHasVibrator),
         mHasBattery(other.mHasBattery),
         mHasButtonUnderPad(other.mHasButtonUnderPad),
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@
 
 void InputDeviceInfo::initialize(int32_t id, int32_t generation, int32_t controllerNumber,
                                  const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier, const std::string& alias,
-                                 bool isExternal, bool hasMic) {
+                                 bool isExternal, bool hasMic, int32_t associatedDisplayId) {
     mId = id;
     mGeneration = generation;
     mControllerNumber = controllerNumber;
@@ -205,11 +207,12 @@
     mHasMic = hasMic;
     mSources = 0;
     mKeyboardType = AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NONE;
+    mAssociatedDisplayId = associatedDisplayId;
     mHasVibrator = false;
     mHasBattery = false;
     mHasButtonUnderPad = false;
     mHasSensor = false;
-    mSupportsUsi = false;
+    mUsiVersion.reset();
     mMotionRanges.clear();
     mSensors.clear();
     mLights.clear();
diff --git a/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp b/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp
index 7159e27..d97c1bb 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputEventLabels.cpp
@@ -438,11 +438,11 @@
 
 const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> InputEventLookup::FLAGS = {FLAGS_SEQUENCE};
 
-int InputEventLookup::lookupValueByLabel(const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& map,
-                                         const char* literal) {
+std::optional<int> InputEventLookup::lookupValueByLabel(
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& map, const char* literal) {
     std::string str(literal);
     auto it = map.find(str);
-    return it != map.end() ? it->second : 0;
+    return it != map.end() ? std::make_optional(it->second) : std::nullopt;
 }
 
 const char* InputEventLookup::lookupLabelByValue(const std::vector<InputEventLabel>& vec,
@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-int32_t InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(const char* label) {
-    return int32_t(lookupValueByLabel(KEYCODES, label));
+std::optional<int> InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(const char* label) {
+    return lookupValueByLabel(KEYCODES, label);
 }
 
 const char* InputEventLookup::getLabelByKeyCode(int32_t keyCode) {
@@ -464,20 +464,20 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-uint32_t InputEventLookup::getKeyFlagByLabel(const char* label) {
-    return uint32_t(lookupValueByLabel(FLAGS, label));
+std::optional<int> InputEventLookup::getKeyFlagByLabel(const char* label) {
+    return lookupValueByLabel(FLAGS, label);
 }
 
-int32_t InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(const char* label) {
-    return int32_t(lookupValueByLabel(AXES, label));
+std::optional<int> InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(const char* label) {
+    return lookupValueByLabel(AXES, label);
 }
 
 const char* InputEventLookup::getAxisLabel(int32_t axisId) {
     return lookupLabelByValue(AXES_NAMES, axisId);
 }
 
-int32_t InputEventLookup::getLedByLabel(const char* label) {
-    return int32_t(lookupValueByLabel(LEDS, label));
+std::optional<int> InputEventLookup::getLedByLabel(const char* label) {
+    return lookupValueByLabel(LEDS, label);
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp b/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp
index 6bfac40..737bd15 100644
--- a/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/KeyCharacterMap.cpp
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@
 
     mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
     String8 keyCodeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-    int32_t keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(keyCodeToken.string());
+    std::optional<int> keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(keyCodeToken.string());
     if (!keyCode) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected key code label, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 keyCodeToken.string());
@@ -1010,19 +1010,19 @@
     ALOGD("Parsed map key %s: code=%d, keyCode=%d.",
             mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code", code, keyCode);
 #endif
-    map.insert_or_assign(code, keyCode);
+    map.insert_or_assign(code, *keyCode);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t KeyCharacterMap::Parser::parseKey() {
     String8 keyCodeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-    int32_t keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(keyCodeToken.string());
+    std::optional<int> keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(keyCodeToken.string());
     if (!keyCode) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected key code label, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 keyCodeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    if (mMap->mKeys.indexOfKey(keyCode) >= 0) {
+    if (mMap->mKeys.indexOfKey(*keyCode) >= 0) {
         ALOGE("%s: Duplicate entry for key code '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 keyCodeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -1036,11 +1036,9 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-#if DEBUG_PARSER
-    ALOGD("Parsed beginning of key: keyCode=%d.", keyCode);
-#endif
-    mKeyCode = keyCode;
-    mMap->mKeys.add(keyCode, new Key());
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER, "Parsed beginning of key: keyCode=%d.", *keyCode);
+    mKeyCode = *keyCode;
+    mMap->mKeys.add(*keyCode, new Key());
     mState = STATE_KEY;
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -1136,7 +1134,7 @@
             } else if (token == "fallback") {
                 mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
                 token = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-                int32_t keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(token.string());
+                std::optional<int> keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(token.string());
                 if (!keyCode) {
                     ALOGE("%s: Invalid key code label for fallback behavior, got '%s'.",
                             mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
@@ -1148,12 +1146,12 @@
                             mTokenizer->getLocation().string());
                     return BAD_VALUE;
                 }
-                behavior.fallbackKeyCode = keyCode;
+                behavior.fallbackKeyCode = *keyCode;
                 haveFallback = true;
             } else if (token == "replace") {
                 mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
                 token = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-                int32_t keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(token.string());
+                std::optional<int> keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(token.string());
                 if (!keyCode) {
                     ALOGE("%s: Invalid key code label for replace, got '%s'.",
                             mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
@@ -1170,7 +1168,7 @@
                             mTokenizer->getLocation().string());
                     return BAD_VALUE;
                 }
-                behavior.replacementKeyCode = keyCode;
+                behavior.replacementKeyCode = *keyCode;
                 haveReplacement = true;
 
             } else {
diff --git a/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp b/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp
index 7371033..a2649f6 100644
--- a/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "KeyLayoutMap"
 
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/keycodes.h>
 #include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <input/InputEventLabels.h>
@@ -54,6 +55,21 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
+std::optional<int> parseInt(const char* str) {
+    char* end;
+    errno = 0;
+    const int value = strtol(str, &end, 0);
+    if (end == str) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not parse " << str;
+        return {};
+    }
+    if (errno == ERANGE) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Out of bounds: " << str;
+        return {};
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
 constexpr const char* WHITESPACE = " \t\r";
 
 template <InputDeviceSensorType S>
@@ -336,16 +352,15 @@
         codeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
     }
 
-    char* end;
-    int32_t code = int32_t(strtol(codeToken.string(), &end, 0));
-    if (*end) {
+    std::optional<int> code = parseInt(codeToken.string());
+    if (!code) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected key %s number, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code", codeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, Key>& map =
             mapUsage ? mMap->mKeysByUsageCode : mMap->mKeysByScanCode;
-    if (map.find(code) != map.end()) {
+    if (map.find(*code) != map.end()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Duplicate entry for key %s '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code", codeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -353,7 +368,7 @@
 
     mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
     String8 keyCodeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-    int32_t keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(keyCodeToken.string());
+    std::optional<int> keyCode = InputEventLookup::getKeyCodeByLabel(keyCodeToken.string());
     if (!keyCode) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected key code label, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 keyCodeToken.string());
@@ -366,40 +381,39 @@
         if (mTokenizer->isEol() || mTokenizer->peekChar() == '#') break;
 
         String8 flagToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-        uint32_t flag = InputEventLookup::getKeyFlagByLabel(flagToken.string());
+        std::optional<int> flag = InputEventLookup::getKeyFlagByLabel(flagToken.string());
         if (!flag) {
             ALOGE("%s: Expected key flag label, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                     flagToken.string());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        if (flags & flag) {
+        if (flags & *flag) {
             ALOGE("%s: Duplicate key flag '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                     flagToken.string());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        flags |= flag;
+        flags |= *flag;
     }
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER, "Parsed key %s: code=%d, keyCode=%d, flags=0x%08x.",
-             mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code", code, keyCode, flags);
+             mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code", *code, *keyCode, flags);
 
     Key key;
-    key.keyCode = keyCode;
+    key.keyCode = *keyCode;
     key.flags = flags;
-    map.insert({code, key});
+    map.insert({*code, key});
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t KeyLayoutMap::Parser::parseAxis() {
     String8 scanCodeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-    char* end;
-    int32_t scanCode = int32_t(strtol(scanCodeToken.string(), &end, 0));
-    if (*end) {
+    std::optional<int> scanCode = parseInt(scanCodeToken.string());
+    if (!scanCode) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected axis scan code number, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 scanCodeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    if (mMap->mAxes.find(scanCode) != mMap->mAxes.end()) {
+    if (mMap->mAxes.find(*scanCode) != mMap->mAxes.end()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Duplicate entry for axis scan code '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 scanCodeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -414,48 +428,53 @@
 
         mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
         String8 axisToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-        axisInfo.axis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(axisToken.string());
-        if (axisInfo.axis < 0) {
+        std::optional<int> axis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(axisToken.string());
+        if (!axis) {
             ALOGE("%s: Expected inverted axis label, got '%s'.",
                     mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), axisToken.string());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
+        axisInfo.axis = *axis;
     } else if (token == "split") {
         axisInfo.mode = AxisInfo::MODE_SPLIT;
 
         mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
         String8 splitToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-        axisInfo.splitValue = int32_t(strtol(splitToken.string(), &end, 0));
-        if (*end) {
+        std::optional<int> splitValue = parseInt(splitToken.string());
+        if (!splitValue) {
             ALOGE("%s: Expected split value, got '%s'.",
                     mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), splitToken.string());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
+        axisInfo.splitValue = *splitValue;
 
         mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
         String8 lowAxisToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-        axisInfo.axis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(lowAxisToken.string());
-        if (axisInfo.axis < 0) {
+        std::optional<int> axis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(lowAxisToken.string());
+        if (!axis) {
             ALOGE("%s: Expected low axis label, got '%s'.",
                     mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), lowAxisToken.string());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
+        axisInfo.axis = *axis;
 
         mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
         String8 highAxisToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-        axisInfo.highAxis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(highAxisToken.string());
-        if (axisInfo.highAxis < 0) {
+        std::optional<int> highAxis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(highAxisToken.string());
+        if (!highAxis) {
             ALOGE("%s: Expected high axis label, got '%s'.",
                     mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), highAxisToken.string());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
+        axisInfo.highAxis = *highAxis;
     } else {
-        axisInfo.axis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(token.string());
-        if (axisInfo.axis < 0) {
+        std::optional<int> axis = InputEventLookup::getAxisByLabel(token.string());
+        if (!axis) {
             ALOGE("%s: Expected axis label, 'split' or 'invert', got '%s'.",
                     mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), token.string());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
+        axisInfo.axis = *axis;
     }
 
     for (;;) {
@@ -467,12 +486,13 @@
         if (keywordToken == "flat") {
             mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
             String8 flatToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-            axisInfo.flatOverride = int32_t(strtol(flatToken.string(), &end, 0));
-            if (*end) {
+            std::optional<int> flatOverride = parseInt(flatToken.string());
+            if (!flatOverride) {
                 ALOGE("%s: Expected flat value, got '%s'.",
                         mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), flatToken.string());
                 return BAD_VALUE;
             }
+            axisInfo.flatOverride = *flatOverride;
         } else {
             ALOGE("%s: Expected keyword 'flat', got '%s'.",
                     mTokenizer->getLocation().string(), keywordToken.string());
@@ -483,9 +503,9 @@
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER,
              "Parsed axis: scanCode=%d, mode=%d, axis=%d, highAxis=%d, "
              "splitValue=%d, flatOverride=%d.",
-             scanCode, axisInfo.mode, axisInfo.axis, axisInfo.highAxis, axisInfo.splitValue,
+             *scanCode, axisInfo.mode, axisInfo.axis, axisInfo.highAxis, axisInfo.splitValue,
              axisInfo.flatOverride);
-    mMap->mAxes.insert({scanCode, axisInfo});
+    mMap->mAxes.insert({*scanCode, axisInfo});
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -497,9 +517,8 @@
         mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
         codeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
     }
-    char* end;
-    int32_t code = int32_t(strtol(codeToken.string(), &end, 0));
-    if (*end) {
+    std::optional<int> code = parseInt(codeToken.string());
+    if (!code) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected led %s number, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code", codeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -507,7 +526,7 @@
 
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, Led>& map =
             mapUsage ? mMap->mLedsByUsageCode : mMap->mLedsByScanCode;
-    if (map.find(code) != map.end()) {
+    if (map.find(*code) != map.end()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Duplicate entry for led %s '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code", codeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -515,19 +534,19 @@
 
     mTokenizer->skipDelimiters(WHITESPACE);
     String8 ledCodeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-    int32_t ledCode = InputEventLookup::getLedByLabel(ledCodeToken.string());
-    if (ledCode < 0) {
+    std::optional<int> ledCode = InputEventLookup::getLedByLabel(ledCodeToken.string());
+    if (!ledCode) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected LED code label, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
                 ledCodeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER, "Parsed led %s: code=%d, ledCode=%d.", mapUsage ? "usage" : "scan code",
-             code, ledCode);
+             *code, *ledCode);
 
     Led led;
-    led.ledCode = ledCode;
-    map.insert({code, led});
+    led.ledCode = *ledCode;
+    map.insert({*code, led});
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -565,16 +584,15 @@
 // sensor 0x05 GYROSCOPE Z
 status_t KeyLayoutMap::Parser::parseSensor() {
     String8 codeToken = mTokenizer->nextToken(WHITESPACE);
-    char* end;
-    int32_t code = int32_t(strtol(codeToken.string(), &end, 0));
-    if (*end) {
+    std::optional<int> code = parseInt(codeToken.string());
+    if (!code) {
         ALOGE("%s: Expected sensor %s number, got '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
               "abs code", codeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, Sensor>& map = mMap->mSensorsByAbsCode;
-    if (map.find(code) != map.end()) {
+    if (map.find(*code) != map.end()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Duplicate entry for sensor %s '%s'.", mTokenizer->getLocation().string(),
               "abs code", codeToken.string());
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -599,13 +617,13 @@
     }
     int32_t sensorDataIndex = indexOpt.value();
 
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER, "Parsed sensor: abs code=%d, sensorType=%s, sensorDataIndex=%d.", code,
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_PARSER, "Parsed sensor: abs code=%d, sensorType=%s, sensorDataIndex=%d.", *code,
              ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str(), sensorDataIndex);
 
     Sensor sensor;
     sensor.sensorType = sensorType;
     sensor.sensorDataIndex = sensorDataIndex;
-    map.emplace(code, sensor);
+    map.emplace(*code, sensor);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp b/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp
index 5c008b1..5720099 100644
--- a/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/VelocityControl.cpp
@@ -70,9 +70,10 @@
         if (deltaY) {
             mRawPositionY += *deltaY;
         }
-        mVelocityTracker.addMovement(eventTime, BitSet32(BitSet32::valueForBit(0)),
-                                     {{AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, {mRawPositionX}},
-                                      {AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, {mRawPositionY}}});
+        mVelocityTracker.addMovement(eventTime, /*pointerId=*/0, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                                     mRawPositionX);
+        mVelocityTracker.addMovement(eventTime, /*pointerId=*/0, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                                     mRawPositionY);
 
         std::optional<float> vx = mVelocityTracker.getVelocity(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
         std::optional<float> vy = mVelocityTracker.getVelocity(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0);
diff --git a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
index 19b4684..3632914 100644
--- a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <input/VelocityTracker.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
@@ -142,10 +143,7 @@
 // --- VelocityTracker ---
 
 VelocityTracker::VelocityTracker(const Strategy strategy)
-      : mLastEventTime(0),
-        mCurrentPointerIdBits(0),
-        mActivePointerId(-1),
-        mOverrideStrategy(strategy) {}
+      : mLastEventTime(0), mCurrentPointerIdBits(0), mOverrideStrategy(strategy) {}
 
 VelocityTracker::~VelocityTracker() {
 }
@@ -191,17 +189,17 @@
             return std::make_unique<
                     LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2,
                                                          LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::
-                                                                 WEIGHTING_DELTA);
+                                                                 Weighting::DELTA);
         case VelocityTracker::Strategy::WLSQ2_CENTRAL:
             return std::make_unique<
                     LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2,
                                                          LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::
-                                                                 WEIGHTING_CENTRAL);
+                                                                 Weighting::CENTRAL);
         case VelocityTracker::Strategy::WLSQ2_RECENT:
             return std::make_unique<
                     LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2,
                                                          LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::
-                                                                 WEIGHTING_RECENT);
+                                                                 Weighting::RECENT);
 
         case VelocityTracker::Strategy::INT1:
             return std::make_unique<IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy>(1);
@@ -220,30 +218,30 @@
 
 void VelocityTracker::clear() {
     mCurrentPointerIdBits.clear();
-    mActivePointerId = -1;
+    mActivePointerId = std::nullopt;
     mConfiguredStrategies.clear();
 }
 
-void VelocityTracker::clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits) {
-    BitSet32 remainingIdBits(mCurrentPointerIdBits.value & ~idBits.value);
-    mCurrentPointerIdBits = remainingIdBits;
+void VelocityTracker::clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) {
+    mCurrentPointerIdBits.clearBit(pointerId);
 
-    if (mActivePointerId >= 0 && idBits.hasBit(mActivePointerId)) {
-        mActivePointerId = !remainingIdBits.isEmpty() ? remainingIdBits.firstMarkedBit() : -1;
+    if (mActivePointerId && *mActivePointerId == pointerId) {
+        // The active pointer id is being removed. Mark it invalid and try to find a new one
+        // from the remaining pointers.
+        mActivePointerId = std::nullopt;
+        if (!mCurrentPointerIdBits.isEmpty()) {
+            mActivePointerId = mCurrentPointerIdBits.firstMarkedBit();
+        }
     }
 
     for (const auto& [_, strategy] : mConfiguredStrategies) {
-        strategy->clearPointers(idBits);
+        strategy->clearPointer(pointerId);
     }
 }
 
-void VelocityTracker::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                                  const std::map<int32_t /*axis*/, std::vector<float>>& positions) {
-    while (idBits.count() > MAX_POINTERS) {
-        idBits.clearLastMarkedBit();
-    }
-
-    if ((mCurrentPointerIdBits.value & idBits.value) &&
+void VelocityTracker::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId, int32_t axis,
+                                  float position) {
+    if (mCurrentPointerIdBits.hasBit(pointerId) &&
         std::chrono::nanoseconds(eventTime - mLastEventTime) > ASSUME_POINTER_STOPPED_TIME) {
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_VELOCITY, "VelocityTracker: stopped for %s, clearing state.",
                  toString(std::chrono::nanoseconds(eventTime - mLastEventTime)).c_str());
@@ -254,39 +252,28 @@
     }
     mLastEventTime = eventTime;
 
-    mCurrentPointerIdBits = idBits;
-    if (mActivePointerId < 0 || !idBits.hasBit(mActivePointerId)) {
-        mActivePointerId = idBits.isEmpty() ? -1 : idBits.firstMarkedBit();
+    mCurrentPointerIdBits.markBit(pointerId);
+    if (!mActivePointerId) {
+        // Let this be the new active pointer if no active pointer is currently set
+        mActivePointerId = pointerId;
     }
 
-    for (const auto& [axis, positionValues] : positions) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(idBits.count() != positionValues.size(),
-                            "Mismatching number of pointers, idBits=%" PRIu32 ", positions=%zu",
-                            idBits.count(), positionValues.size());
-        if (mConfiguredStrategies.find(axis) == mConfiguredStrategies.end()) {
-            configureStrategy(axis);
-        }
-        mConfiguredStrategies[axis]->addMovement(eventTime, idBits, positionValues);
+    if (mConfiguredStrategies.find(axis) == mConfiguredStrategies.end()) {
+        configureStrategy(axis);
     }
+    mConfiguredStrategies[axis]->addMovement(eventTime, pointerId, position);
 
     if (DEBUG_VELOCITY) {
-        ALOGD("VelocityTracker: addMovement eventTime=%" PRId64
-              ", idBits=0x%08x, activePointerId=%d",
-              eventTime, idBits.value, mActivePointerId);
-        for (const auto& positionsEntry : positions) {
-            for (BitSet32 iterBits(idBits); !iterBits.isEmpty();) {
-                uint32_t id = iterBits.firstMarkedBit();
-                uint32_t index = idBits.getIndexOfBit(id);
-                iterBits.clearBit(id);
-                Estimator estimator;
-                getEstimator(positionsEntry.first, id, &estimator);
-                ALOGD("  %d: axis=%d, position=%0.3f, "
-                      "estimator (degree=%d, coeff=%s, confidence=%f)",
-                      id, positionsEntry.first, positionsEntry.second[index], int(estimator.degree),
-                      vectorToString(estimator.coeff, estimator.degree + 1).c_str(),
-                      estimator.confidence);
-            }
-        }
+        ALOGD("VelocityTracker: addMovement eventTime=%" PRId64 ", pointerId=%" PRId32
+              ", activePointerId=%s",
+              eventTime, pointerId, toString(mActivePointerId).c_str());
+
+        std::optional<Estimator> estimator = getEstimator(axis, pointerId);
+        ALOGD("  %d: axis=%d, position=%0.3f, "
+              "estimator (degree=%d, coeff=%s, confidence=%f)",
+              pointerId, axis, position, int((*estimator).degree),
+              vectorToString((*estimator).coeff.data(), (*estimator).degree + 1).c_str(),
+              (*estimator).confidence);
     }
 }
 
@@ -296,94 +283,75 @@
     int32_t actionMasked = event->getActionMasked();
 
     switch (actionMasked) {
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER:
-        // Clear all pointers on down before adding the new movement.
-        clear();
-        axesToProcess.insert(PLANAR_AXES.begin(), PLANAR_AXES.end());
-        break;
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: {
-        // Start a new movement trace for a pointer that just went down.
-        // We do this on down instead of on up because the client may want to query the
-        // final velocity for a pointer that just went up.
-        BitSet32 downIdBits;
-        downIdBits.markBit(event->getPointerId(event->getActionIndex()));
-        clearPointers(downIdBits);
-        axesToProcess.insert(PLANAR_AXES.begin(), PLANAR_AXES.end());
-        break;
-    }
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE:
-        axesToProcess.insert(PLANAR_AXES.begin(), PLANAR_AXES.end());
-        break;
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP:
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP: {
-        std::chrono::nanoseconds delaySinceLastEvent(event->getEventTime() - mLastEventTime);
-        if (delaySinceLastEvent > ASSUME_POINTER_STOPPED_TIME) {
-            ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_VELOCITY,
-                     "VelocityTracker: stopped for %s, clearing state upon pointer liftoff.",
-                     toString(delaySinceLastEvent).c_str());
-            // We have not received any movements for too long.  Assume that all pointers
-            // have stopped.
-            for (int32_t axis : PLANAR_AXES) {
-                mConfiguredStrategies.erase(axis);
-            }
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER:
+            // Clear all pointers on down before adding the new movement.
+            clear();
+            axesToProcess.insert(PLANAR_AXES.begin(), PLANAR_AXES.end());
+            break;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: {
+            // Start a new movement trace for a pointer that just went down.
+            // We do this on down instead of on up because the client may want to query the
+            // final velocity for a pointer that just went up.
+            clearPointer(event->getPointerId(event->getActionIndex()));
+            axesToProcess.insert(PLANAR_AXES.begin(), PLANAR_AXES.end());
+            break;
         }
-        // These actions because they do not convey any new information about
-        // pointer movement.  We also want to preserve the last known velocity of the pointers.
-        // Note that ACTION_UP and ACTION_POINTER_UP always report the last known position
-        // of the pointers that went up.  ACTION_POINTER_UP does include the new position of
-        // pointers that remained down but we will also receive an ACTION_MOVE with this
-        // information if any of them actually moved.  Since we don't know how many pointers
-        // will be going up at once it makes sense to just wait for the following ACTION_MOVE
-        // before adding the movement.
-        return;
-    }
-    case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL:
-        axesToProcess.insert(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SCROLL);
-        break;
-    default:
-        // Ignore all other actions.
-        return;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE:
+            axesToProcess.insert(PLANAR_AXES.begin(), PLANAR_AXES.end());
+            break;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP:
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP: {
+            std::chrono::nanoseconds delaySinceLastEvent(event->getEventTime() - mLastEventTime);
+            if (delaySinceLastEvent > ASSUME_POINTER_STOPPED_TIME) {
+                ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_VELOCITY,
+                         "VelocityTracker: stopped for %s, clearing state upon pointer liftoff.",
+                         toString(delaySinceLastEvent).c_str());
+                // We have not received any movements for too long.  Assume that all pointers
+                // have stopped.
+                for (int32_t axis : PLANAR_AXES) {
+                    mConfiguredStrategies.erase(axis);
+                }
+            }
+            // These actions because they do not convey any new information about
+            // pointer movement.  We also want to preserve the last known velocity of the pointers.
+            // Note that ACTION_UP and ACTION_POINTER_UP always report the last known position
+            // of the pointers that went up.  ACTION_POINTER_UP does include the new position of
+            // pointers that remained down but we will also receive an ACTION_MOVE with this
+            // information if any of them actually moved.  Since we don't know how many pointers
+            // will be going up at once it makes sense to just wait for the following ACTION_MOVE
+            // before adding the movement.
+            return;
+        }
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL:
+            axesToProcess.insert(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SCROLL);
+            break;
+        default:
+            // Ignore all other actions.
+            return;
     }
 
-    size_t pointerCount = event->getPointerCount();
-    if (pointerCount > MAX_POINTERS) {
-        pointerCount = MAX_POINTERS;
-    }
-
-    BitSet32 idBits;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-        idBits.markBit(event->getPointerId(i));
-    }
-
-    uint32_t pointerIndex[MAX_POINTERS];
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-        pointerIndex[i] = idBits.getIndexOfBit(event->getPointerId(i));
-    }
-
-    std::map<int32_t, std::vector<float>> positions;
-    for (int32_t axis : axesToProcess) {
-        positions[axis].resize(pointerCount);
-    }
-
-    size_t historySize = event->getHistorySize();
+    const size_t historySize = event->getHistorySize();
     for (size_t h = 0; h <= historySize; h++) {
-        nsecs_t eventTime = event->getHistoricalEventTime(h);
-        for (int32_t axis : axesToProcess) {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
-                positions[axis][pointerIndex[i]] = event->getHistoricalAxisValue(axis, i, h);
+        const nsecs_t eventTime = event->getHistoricalEventTime(h);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < event->getPointerCount(); i++) {
+            if (event->isResampled(i, h)) {
+                continue; // skip resampled samples
+            }
+            const int32_t pointerId = event->getPointerId(i);
+            for (int32_t axis : axesToProcess) {
+                const float position = event->getHistoricalAxisValue(axis, i, h);
+                addMovement(eventTime, pointerId, axis, position);
             }
         }
-        addMovement(eventTime, idBits, positions);
     }
 }
 
-std::optional<float> VelocityTracker::getVelocity(int32_t axis, uint32_t id) const {
-    Estimator estimator;
-    bool validVelocity = getEstimator(axis, id, &estimator) && estimator.degree >= 1;
-    if (validVelocity) {
-        return estimator.coeff[1];
+std::optional<float> VelocityTracker::getVelocity(int32_t axis, int32_t pointerId) const {
+    std::optional<Estimator> estimator = getEstimator(axis, pointerId);
+    if (estimator && (*estimator).degree >= 1) {
+        return (*estimator).coeff[1];
     }
     return {};
 }
@@ -406,50 +374,55 @@
     return computedVelocity;
 }
 
-bool VelocityTracker::getEstimator(int32_t axis, uint32_t id, Estimator* outEstimator) const {
+std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> VelocityTracker::getEstimator(int32_t axis,
+                                                                        int32_t pointerId) const {
     const auto& it = mConfiguredStrategies.find(axis);
     if (it == mConfiguredStrategies.end()) {
-        return false;
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
-    return it->second->getEstimator(id, outEstimator);
+    return it->second->getEstimator(pointerId);
 }
 
 // --- LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy ---
 
 LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(uint32_t degree,
                                                                          Weighting weighting)
-      : mDegree(degree), mWeighting(weighting), mIndex(0) {}
+      : mDegree(degree), mWeighting(weighting) {}
 
 LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::~LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy() {
 }
 
-void LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits) {
-    BitSet32 remainingIdBits(mMovements[mIndex].idBits.value & ~idBits.value);
-    mMovements[mIndex].idBits = remainingIdBits;
+void LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) {
+    mIndex.erase(pointerId);
+    mMovements.erase(pointerId);
 }
 
-void LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                                                      const std::vector<float>& positions) {
-    if (mMovements[mIndex].eventTime != eventTime) {
+void LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId,
+                                                      float position) {
+    // If data for this pointer already exists, we have a valid entry at the position of
+    // mIndex[pointerId] and mMovements[pointerId]. In that case, we need to advance the index
+    // to the next position in the circular buffer and write the new Movement there. Otherwise,
+    // if this is a first movement for this pointer, we initialize the maps mIndex and mMovements
+    // for this pointer and write to the first position.
+    auto [movementIt, inserted] = mMovements.insert({pointerId, {}});
+    auto [indexIt, _] = mIndex.insert({pointerId, 0});
+    size_t& index = indexIt->second;
+    if (!inserted && movementIt->second[index].eventTime != eventTime) {
         // When ACTION_POINTER_DOWN happens, we will first receive ACTION_MOVE with the coordinates
         // of the existing pointers, and then ACTION_POINTER_DOWN with the coordinates that include
         // the new pointer. If the eventtimes for both events are identical, just update the data
         // for this time.
         // We only compare against the last value, as it is likely that addMovement is called
         // in chronological order as events occur.
-        mIndex++;
+        index++;
     }
-    if (mIndex == HISTORY_SIZE) {
-        mIndex = 0;
+    if (index == HISTORY_SIZE) {
+        index = 0;
     }
 
-    Movement& movement = mMovements[mIndex];
+    Movement& movement = movementIt->second[index];
     movement.eventTime = eventTime;
-    movement.idBits = idBits;
-    uint32_t count = idBits.count();
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        movement.positions[i] = positions[i];
-    }
+    movement.position = position;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -502,7 +475,9 @@
  * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-Schmidt
  */
 static bool solveLeastSquares(const std::vector<float>& x, const std::vector<float>& y,
-                              const std::vector<float>& w, uint32_t n, float* outB, float* outDet) {
+                              const std::vector<float>& w, uint32_t n,
+                              std::array<float, VelocityTracker::Estimator::MAX_DEGREE + 1>& outB,
+                              float* outDet) {
     const size_t m = x.size();
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STRATEGY, "solveLeastSquares: m=%d, n=%d, x=%s, y=%s, w=%s", int(m), int(n),
@@ -583,7 +558,7 @@
         outB[i] /= r[i][i];
     }
 
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STRATEGY, "  - b=%s", vectorToString(outB, n).c_str());
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STRATEGY, "  - b=%s", vectorToString(outB.data(), n).c_str());
 
     // Calculate the coefficient of determination as 1 - (SSerr / SStot) where
     // SSerr is the residual sum of squares (variance of the error),
@@ -671,37 +646,47 @@
     return std::make_optional(std::array<float, 3>({c, b, a}));
 }
 
-bool LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(uint32_t id,
-        VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const {
-    outEstimator->clear();
-
+std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(
+        int32_t pointerId) const {
+    const auto movementIt = mMovements.find(pointerId);
+    if (movementIt == mMovements.end()) {
+        return std::nullopt; // no data
+    }
     // Iterate over movement samples in reverse time order and collect samples.
     std::vector<float> positions;
     std::vector<float> w;
     std::vector<float> time;
 
-    uint32_t index = mIndex;
-    const Movement& newestMovement = mMovements[mIndex];
+    uint32_t index = mIndex.at(pointerId);
+    const Movement& newestMovement = movementIt->second[index];
     do {
-        const Movement& movement = mMovements[index];
-        if (!movement.idBits.hasBit(id)) {
-            break;
-        }
+        const Movement& movement = movementIt->second[index];
 
         nsecs_t age = newestMovement.eventTime - movement.eventTime;
         if (age > HORIZON) {
             break;
         }
-
-        positions.push_back(movement.getPosition(id));
-        w.push_back(chooseWeight(index));
+        if (movement.eventTime == 0 && index != 0) {
+            // All eventTime's are initialized to 0. In this fixed-width circular buffer, it's
+            // possible that not all entries are valid. We use a time=0 as a signal for those
+            // uninitialized values. If we encounter a time of 0 in a position
+            // that's > 0, it means that we hit the block where the data wasn't initialized.
+            // We still don't know whether the value at index=0, with eventTime=0 is valid.
+            // However, that's only possible when the value is by itself. So there's no hard in
+            // processing it anyways, since the velocity for a single point is zero, and this
+            // situation will only be encountered in artificial circumstances (in tests).
+            // In practice, time will never be 0.
+            break;
+        }
+        positions.push_back(movement.position);
+        w.push_back(chooseWeight(pointerId, index));
         time.push_back(-age * 0.000000001f);
         index = (index == 0 ? HISTORY_SIZE : index) - 1;
     } while (positions.size() < HISTORY_SIZE);
 
     const size_t m = positions.size();
     if (m == 0) {
-        return false; // no data
+        return std::nullopt; // no data
     }
 
     // Calculate a least squares polynomial fit.
@@ -710,112 +695,116 @@
         degree = m - 1;
     }
 
-    if (degree == 2 && mWeighting == WEIGHTING_NONE) {
+    if (degree == 2 && mWeighting == Weighting::NONE) {
         // Optimize unweighted, quadratic polynomial fit
         std::optional<std::array<float, 3>> coeff =
                 solveUnweightedLeastSquaresDeg2(time, positions);
         if (coeff) {
-            outEstimator->time = newestMovement.eventTime;
-            outEstimator->degree = 2;
-            outEstimator->confidence = 1;
-            for (size_t i = 0; i <= outEstimator->degree; i++) {
-                outEstimator->coeff[i] = (*coeff)[i];
+            VelocityTracker::Estimator estimator;
+            estimator.time = newestMovement.eventTime;
+            estimator.degree = 2;
+            estimator.confidence = 1;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i <= estimator.degree; i++) {
+                estimator.coeff[i] = (*coeff)[i];
             }
-            return true;
+            return estimator;
         }
     } else if (degree >= 1) {
         // General case for an Nth degree polynomial fit
         float det;
         uint32_t n = degree + 1;
-        if (solveLeastSquares(time, positions, w, n, outEstimator->coeff, &det)) {
-            outEstimator->time = newestMovement.eventTime;
-            outEstimator->degree = degree;
-            outEstimator->confidence = det;
+        VelocityTracker::Estimator estimator;
+        if (solveLeastSquares(time, positions, w, n, estimator.coeff, &det)) {
+            estimator.time = newestMovement.eventTime;
+            estimator.degree = degree;
+            estimator.confidence = det;
 
             ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STRATEGY, "estimate: degree=%d, coeff=%s, confidence=%f",
-                     int(outEstimator->degree), vectorToString(outEstimator->coeff, n).c_str(),
-                     outEstimator->confidence);
+                     int(estimator.degree), vectorToString(estimator.coeff.data(), n).c_str(),
+                     estimator.confidence);
 
-            return true;
+            return estimator;
         }
     }
 
     // No velocity data available for this pointer, but we do have its current position.
-    outEstimator->coeff[0] = positions[0];
-    outEstimator->time = newestMovement.eventTime;
-    outEstimator->degree = 0;
-    outEstimator->confidence = 1;
-    return true;
+    VelocityTracker::Estimator estimator;
+    estimator.coeff[0] = positions[0];
+    estimator.time = newestMovement.eventTime;
+    estimator.degree = 0;
+    estimator.confidence = 1;
+    return estimator;
 }
 
-float LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::chooseWeight(uint32_t index) const {
+float LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::chooseWeight(int32_t pointerId, uint32_t index) const {
+    const std::array<Movement, HISTORY_SIZE>& movements = mMovements.at(pointerId);
     switch (mWeighting) {
-    case WEIGHTING_DELTA: {
-        // Weight points based on how much time elapsed between them and the next
-        // point so that points that "cover" a shorter time span are weighed less.
-        //   delta  0ms: 0.5
-        //   delta 10ms: 1.0
-        if (index == mIndex) {
+        case Weighting::DELTA: {
+            // Weight points based on how much time elapsed between them and the next
+            // point so that points that "cover" a shorter time span are weighed less.
+            //   delta  0ms: 0.5
+            //   delta 10ms: 1.0
+            if (index == mIndex.at(pointerId)) {
+                return 1.0f;
+            }
+            uint32_t nextIndex = (index + 1) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+            float deltaMillis =
+                    (movements[nextIndex].eventTime - movements[index].eventTime) * 0.000001f;
+            if (deltaMillis < 0) {
+                return 0.5f;
+            }
+            if (deltaMillis < 10) {
+                return 0.5f + deltaMillis * 0.05;
+            }
             return 1.0f;
         }
-        uint32_t nextIndex = (index + 1) % HISTORY_SIZE;
-        float deltaMillis = (mMovements[nextIndex].eventTime- mMovements[index].eventTime)
-                * 0.000001f;
-        if (deltaMillis < 0) {
+
+        case Weighting::CENTRAL: {
+            // Weight points based on their age, weighing very recent and very old points less.
+            //   age  0ms: 0.5
+            //   age 10ms: 1.0
+            //   age 50ms: 1.0
+            //   age 60ms: 0.5
+            float ageMillis =
+                    (movements[mIndex.at(pointerId)].eventTime - movements[index].eventTime) *
+                    0.000001f;
+            if (ageMillis < 0) {
+                return 0.5f;
+            }
+            if (ageMillis < 10) {
+                return 0.5f + ageMillis * 0.05;
+            }
+            if (ageMillis < 50) {
+                return 1.0f;
+            }
+            if (ageMillis < 60) {
+                return 0.5f + (60 - ageMillis) * 0.05;
+            }
             return 0.5f;
         }
-        if (deltaMillis < 10) {
-            return 0.5f + deltaMillis * 0.05;
-        }
-        return 1.0f;
-    }
 
-    case WEIGHTING_CENTRAL: {
-        // Weight points based on their age, weighing very recent and very old points less.
-        //   age  0ms: 0.5
-        //   age 10ms: 1.0
-        //   age 50ms: 1.0
-        //   age 60ms: 0.5
-        float ageMillis = (mMovements[mIndex].eventTime - mMovements[index].eventTime)
-                * 0.000001f;
-        if (ageMillis < 0) {
+        case Weighting::RECENT: {
+            // Weight points based on their age, weighing older points less.
+            //   age   0ms: 1.0
+            //   age  50ms: 1.0
+            //   age 100ms: 0.5
+            float ageMillis =
+                    (movements[mIndex.at(pointerId)].eventTime - movements[index].eventTime) *
+                    0.000001f;
+            if (ageMillis < 50) {
+                return 1.0f;
+            }
+            if (ageMillis < 100) {
+                return 0.5f + (100 - ageMillis) * 0.01f;
+            }
             return 0.5f;
         }
-        if (ageMillis < 10) {
-            return 0.5f + ageMillis * 0.05;
-        }
-        if (ageMillis < 50) {
-            return 1.0f;
-        }
-        if (ageMillis < 60) {
-            return 0.5f + (60 - ageMillis) * 0.05;
-        }
-        return 0.5f;
-    }
 
-    case WEIGHTING_RECENT: {
-        // Weight points based on their age, weighing older points less.
-        //   age   0ms: 1.0
-        //   age  50ms: 1.0
-        //   age 100ms: 0.5
-        float ageMillis = (mMovements[mIndex].eventTime - mMovements[index].eventTime)
-                * 0.000001f;
-        if (ageMillis < 50) {
+        case Weighting::NONE:
             return 1.0f;
-        }
-        if (ageMillis < 100) {
-            return 0.5f + (100 - ageMillis) * 0.01f;
-        }
-        return 0.5f;
-    }
-
-    case WEIGHTING_NONE:
-    default:
-        return 1.0f;
     }
 }
 
-
 // --- IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy ---
 
 IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy(uint32_t degree) :
@@ -825,38 +814,32 @@
 IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::~IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy() {
 }
 
-void IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits) {
-    mPointerIdBits.value &= ~idBits.value;
+void IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) {
+    mPointerIdBits.clearBit(pointerId);
 }
 
-void IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                                                     const std::vector<float>& positions) {
-    uint32_t index = 0;
-    for (BitSet32 iterIdBits(idBits); !iterIdBits.isEmpty();) {
-        uint32_t id = iterIdBits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
-        State& state = mPointerState[id];
-        const float position = positions[index++];
-        if (mPointerIdBits.hasBit(id)) {
-            updateState(state, eventTime, position);
-        } else {
-            initState(state, eventTime, position);
-        }
+void IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId,
+                                                     float position) {
+    State& state = mPointerState[pointerId];
+    if (mPointerIdBits.hasBit(pointerId)) {
+        updateState(state, eventTime, position);
+    } else {
+        initState(state, eventTime, position);
     }
 
-    mPointerIdBits = idBits;
+    mPointerIdBits.markBit(pointerId);
 }
 
-bool IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(uint32_t id,
-        VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const {
-    outEstimator->clear();
-
-    if (mPointerIdBits.hasBit(id)) {
-        const State& state = mPointerState[id];
-        populateEstimator(state, outEstimator);
-        return true;
+std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(
+        int32_t pointerId) const {
+    if (mPointerIdBits.hasBit(pointerId)) {
+        const State& state = mPointerState[pointerId];
+        VelocityTracker::Estimator estimator;
+        populateEstimator(state, &estimator);
+        return estimator;
     }
 
-    return false;
+    return std::nullopt;
 }
 
 void IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy::initState(State& state, nsecs_t eventTime,
@@ -916,49 +899,60 @@
 
 // --- LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy ---
 
-LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy() : mIndex(0) {}
+LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy() {}
 
 LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::~LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy() {
 }
 
-void LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits) {
-    BitSet32 remainingIdBits(mMovements[mIndex].idBits.value & ~idBits.value);
-    mMovements[mIndex].idBits = remainingIdBits;
+void LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) {
+    mIndex.erase(pointerId);
+    mMovements.erase(pointerId);
 }
 
-void LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                                                const std::vector<float>& positions) {
-    if (++mIndex == HISTORY_SIZE) {
-        mIndex = 0;
+void LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId,
+                                                float position) {
+    // If data for this pointer already exists, we have a valid entry at the position of
+    // mIndex[pointerId] and mMovements[pointerId]. In that case, we need to advance the index
+    // to the next position in the circular buffer and write the new Movement there. Otherwise,
+    // if this is a first movement for this pointer, we initialize the maps mIndex and mMovements
+    // for this pointer and write to the first position.
+    auto [movementIt, inserted] = mMovements.insert({pointerId, {}});
+    auto [indexIt, _] = mIndex.insert({pointerId, 0});
+    size_t& index = indexIt->second;
+    if (!inserted && movementIt->second[index].eventTime != eventTime) {
+        // When ACTION_POINTER_DOWN happens, we will first receive ACTION_MOVE with the coordinates
+        // of the existing pointers, and then ACTION_POINTER_DOWN with the coordinates that include
+        // the new pointer. If the eventtimes for both events are identical, just update the data
+        // for this time.
+        // We only compare against the last value, as it is likely that addMovement is called
+        // in chronological order as events occur.
+        index++;
+    }
+    if (index == HISTORY_SIZE) {
+        index = 0;
     }
 
-    Movement& movement = mMovements[mIndex];
+    Movement& movement = movementIt->second[index];
     movement.eventTime = eventTime;
-    movement.idBits = idBits;
-    uint32_t count = idBits.count();
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        movement.positions[i] = positions[i];
-    }
+    movement.position = position;
 }
 
-bool LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(uint32_t id,
-        VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const {
-    outEstimator->clear();
-
-    const Movement& newestMovement = mMovements[mIndex];
-    if (!newestMovement.idBits.hasBit(id)) {
-        return false; // no data
+std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(
+        int32_t pointerId) const {
+    const auto movementIt = mMovements.find(pointerId);
+    if (movementIt == mMovements.end()) {
+        return std::nullopt; // no data
     }
+    const Movement& newestMovement = movementIt->second[mIndex.at(pointerId)];
 
     // Find the oldest sample that contains the pointer and that is not older than HORIZON.
     nsecs_t minTime = newestMovement.eventTime - HORIZON;
-    uint32_t oldestIndex = mIndex;
+    uint32_t oldestIndex = mIndex.at(pointerId);
     uint32_t numTouches = 1;
     do {
         uint32_t nextOldestIndex = (oldestIndex == 0 ? HISTORY_SIZE : oldestIndex) - 1;
-        const Movement& nextOldestMovement = mMovements[nextOldestIndex];
-        if (!nextOldestMovement.idBits.hasBit(id)
-                || nextOldestMovement.eventTime < minTime) {
+        const Movement& nextOldestMovement = mMovements.at(pointerId)[nextOldestIndex];
+        if (nextOldestMovement.eventTime < minTime) {
             break;
         }
         oldestIndex = nextOldestIndex;
@@ -978,22 +972,22 @@
     float accumV = 0;
     uint32_t index = oldestIndex;
     uint32_t samplesUsed = 0;
-    const Movement& oldestMovement = mMovements[oldestIndex];
-    float oldestPosition = oldestMovement.getPosition(id);
+    const Movement& oldestMovement = mMovements.at(pointerId)[oldestIndex];
+    float oldestPosition = oldestMovement.position;
     nsecs_t lastDuration = 0;
 
     while (numTouches-- > 1) {
         if (++index == HISTORY_SIZE) {
             index = 0;
         }
-        const Movement& movement = mMovements[index];
+        const Movement& movement = mMovements.at(pointerId)[index];
         nsecs_t duration = movement.eventTime - oldestMovement.eventTime;
 
         // If the duration between samples is small, we may significantly overestimate
         // the velocity.  Consequently, we impose a minimum duration constraint on the
         // samples that we include in the calculation.
         if (duration >= MIN_DURATION) {
-            float position = movement.getPosition(id);
+            float position = movement.position;
             float scale = 1000000000.0f / duration; // one over time delta in seconds
             float v = (position - oldestPosition) * scale;
             accumV = (accumV * lastDuration + v * duration) / (duration + lastDuration);
@@ -1003,54 +997,59 @@
     }
 
     // Report velocity.
-    float newestPosition = newestMovement.getPosition(id);
-    outEstimator->time = newestMovement.eventTime;
-    outEstimator->confidence = 1;
-    outEstimator->coeff[0] = newestPosition;
+    float newestPosition = newestMovement.position;
+    VelocityTracker::Estimator estimator;
+    estimator.time = newestMovement.eventTime;
+    estimator.confidence = 1;
+    estimator.coeff[0] = newestPosition;
     if (samplesUsed) {
-        outEstimator->coeff[1] = accumV;
-        outEstimator->degree = 1;
+        estimator.coeff[1] = accumV;
+        estimator.degree = 1;
     } else {
-        outEstimator->degree = 0;
+        estimator.degree = 0;
     }
-    return true;
+    return estimator;
 }
 
 // --- ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy ---
 
 ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy(bool deltaValues)
-      : mDeltaValues(deltaValues), mIndex(0) {}
+      : mDeltaValues(deltaValues) {}
 
 ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::~ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy() {
 }
 
-void ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointers(BitSet32 idBits) {
-    BitSet32 remainingIdBits(mMovements[mIndex].idBits.value & ~idBits.value);
-    mMovements[mIndex].idBits = remainingIdBits;
+void ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::clearPointer(int32_t pointerId) {
+    mIndex.erase(pointerId);
+    mMovements.erase(pointerId);
 }
 
-void ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, BitSet32 idBits,
-                                                 const std::vector<float>& positions) {
-    if (mMovements[mIndex].eventTime != eventTime) {
+void ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::addMovement(nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t pointerId,
+                                                 float position) {
+    // If data for this pointer already exists, we have a valid entry at the position of
+    // mIndex[pointerId] and mMovements[pointerId]. In that case, we need to advance the index
+    // to the next position in the circular buffer and write the new Movement there. Otherwise,
+    // if this is a first movement for this pointer, we initialize the maps mIndex and mMovements
+    // for this pointer and write to the first position.
+    auto [movementIt, inserted] = mMovements.insert({pointerId, {}});
+    auto [indexIt, _] = mIndex.insert({pointerId, 0});
+    size_t& index = indexIt->second;
+    if (!inserted && movementIt->second[index].eventTime != eventTime) {
         // When ACTION_POINTER_DOWN happens, we will first receive ACTION_MOVE with the coordinates
         // of the existing pointers, and then ACTION_POINTER_DOWN with the coordinates that include
         // the new pointer. If the eventtimes for both events are identical, just update the data
         // for this time.
         // We only compare against the last value, as it is likely that addMovement is called
         // in chronological order as events occur.
-        mIndex++;
+        index++;
     }
-    if (mIndex == HISTORY_SIZE) {
-        mIndex = 0;
+    if (index == HISTORY_SIZE) {
+        index = 0;
     }
 
-    Movement& movement = mMovements[mIndex];
+    Movement& movement = movementIt->second[index];
     movement.eventTime = eventTime;
-    movement.idBits = idBits;
-    uint32_t count = idBits.count();
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        movement.positions[i] = positions[i];
-    }
+    movement.position = position;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1178,55 +1177,61 @@
     return kineticEnergyToVelocity(work);
 }
 
-bool ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(uint32_t id,
-        VelocityTracker::Estimator* outEstimator) const {
-    outEstimator->clear();
+std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy::getEstimator(
+        int32_t pointerId) const {
+    const auto movementIt = mMovements.find(pointerId);
+    if (movementIt == mMovements.end()) {
+        return std::nullopt; // no data
+    }
 
     // Iterate over movement samples in reverse time order and collect samples.
     float positions[HISTORY_SIZE];
     nsecs_t time[HISTORY_SIZE];
     size_t m = 0; // number of points that will be used for fitting
-    size_t index = mIndex;
-    const Movement& newestMovement = mMovements[mIndex];
+    size_t index = mIndex.at(pointerId);
+    const Movement& newestMovement = movementIt->second[index];
     do {
-        const Movement& movement = mMovements[index];
-        if (!movement.idBits.hasBit(id)) {
-            break;
-        }
+        const Movement& movement = movementIt->second[index];
 
         nsecs_t age = newestMovement.eventTime - movement.eventTime;
         if (age > HORIZON) {
             break;
         }
+        if (movement.eventTime == 0 && index != 0) {
+            // All eventTime's are initialized to 0. If we encounter a time of 0 in a position
+            // that's >0, it means that we hit the block where the data wasn't initialized.
+            // It's also possible that the sample at 0 would be invalid, but there's no harm in
+            // processing it, since it would be just a single point, and will only be encountered
+            // in artificial circumstances (in tests).
+            break;
+        }
 
-        positions[m] = movement.getPosition(id);
+        positions[m] = movement.position;
         time[m] = movement.eventTime;
         index = (index == 0 ? HISTORY_SIZE : index) - 1;
     } while (++m < HISTORY_SIZE);
 
     if (m == 0) {
-        return false; // no data
+        return std::nullopt; // no data
     }
-    outEstimator->coeff[0] = 0;
-    outEstimator->coeff[1] = calculateImpulseVelocity(time, positions, m, mDeltaValues);
-    outEstimator->coeff[2] = 0;
+    VelocityTracker::Estimator estimator;
+    estimator.coeff[0] = 0;
+    estimator.coeff[1] = calculateImpulseVelocity(time, positions, m, mDeltaValues);
+    estimator.coeff[2] = 0;
 
-    outEstimator->time = newestMovement.eventTime;
-    outEstimator->degree = 2; // similar results to 2nd degree fit
-    outEstimator->confidence = 1;
+    estimator.time = newestMovement.eventTime;
+    estimator.degree = 2; // similar results to 2nd degree fit
+    estimator.confidence = 1;
 
-    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STRATEGY, "velocity: %.1f", outEstimator->coeff[1]);
+    ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_STRATEGY, "velocity: %.1f", estimator.coeff[1]);
 
     if (DEBUG_IMPULSE) {
         // TODO(b/134179997): delete this block once the switch to 'impulse' is complete.
         // Calculate the lsq2 velocity for the same inputs to allow runtime comparisons.
         // X axis chosen arbitrarily for velocity comparisons.
         VelocityTracker lsq2(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2);
-        BitSet32 idBits;
-        const uint32_t pointerId = 0;
-        idBits.markBit(pointerId);
         for (ssize_t i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            lsq2.addMovement(time[i], idBits, {{AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, {positions[i]}}});
+            lsq2.addMovement(time[i], pointerId, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, positions[i]);
         }
         std::optional<float> v = lsq2.getVelocity(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, pointerId);
         if (v) {
@@ -1235,7 +1240,7 @@
             ALOGD("lsq2 velocity: could not compute velocity");
         }
     }
-    return true;
+    return estimator;
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/android/os/InputEventInjectionResult.aidl b/libs/input/android/os/InputEventInjectionResult.aidl
index 3bc7068..e80c2a5 100644
--- a/libs/input/android/os/InputEventInjectionResult.aidl
+++ b/libs/input/android/os/InputEventInjectionResult.aidl
@@ -37,4 +37,7 @@
 
     /* Injection failed due to a timeout. */
     TIMED_OUT = 3,
+
+    ftl_first=PENDING,
+    ftl_last=TIMED_OUT,
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp
index 2344463..ee961f0 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputDevice_test.cpp
@@ -133,6 +133,20 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(*mKeyMap.keyCharacterMap, *frenchOverlaidKeyCharacterMap);
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacteMapBadAxisLabel) {
+    std::string klPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/bad_axis_label.kl";
+
+    base::Result<std::shared_ptr<KeyLayoutMap>> ret = KeyLayoutMap::load(klPath);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(ret.ok()) << "Should not be able to load KeyLayout at " << klPath;
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDeviceKeyMapTest, keyCharacteMapBadLedLabel) {
+    std::string klPath = base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/bad_led_label.kl";
+
+    base::Result<std::shared_ptr<KeyLayoutMap>> ret = KeyLayoutMap::load(klPath);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(ret.ok()) << "Should not be able to load KeyLayout at " << klPath;
+}
+
 TEST(InputDeviceKeyLayoutTest, DoesNotLoadWhenRequiredKernelConfigIsMissing) {
 #if !defined(__ANDROID__)
     GTEST_SKIP() << "Can't check kernel configs on host";
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
index 54feea2..c6ad3a2 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@
     float x;
     float y;
 
+    bool isResampled = false;
+
     /**
      * If both values are NAN, then this is considered to be an empty entry (no pointer data).
      * If only one of the values is NAN, this is still a valid entry,
@@ -203,10 +205,11 @@
 
             coords[pointerIndex].clear();
             // We are treating column positions as pointerId
-            EXPECT_TRUE(entry.positions[pointerId].isValid()) <<
-                    "The entry at pointerId must be valid";
-            coords[pointerIndex].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, entry.positions[pointerId].x);
-            coords[pointerIndex].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, entry.positions[pointerId].y);
+            const Position& position = entry.positions[pointerId];
+            EXPECT_TRUE(position.isValid()) << "The entry at " << pointerId << " must be valid";
+            coords[pointerIndex].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, position.x);
+            coords[pointerIndex].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, position.y);
+            coords[pointerIndex].isResampled = position.isResampled;
 
             properties[pointerIndex].id = pointerId;
             properties[pointerIndex].toolType = AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER;
@@ -288,13 +291,13 @@
     for (MotionEvent event : events) {
         vt.addMovement(&event);
     }
-    VelocityTracker::Estimator estimatorX;
-    VelocityTracker::Estimator estimatorY;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vt.getEstimator(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0, &estimatorX));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vt.getEstimator(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, &estimatorY));
+    std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> estimatorX = vt.getEstimator(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
+    std::optional<VelocityTracker::Estimator> estimatorY = vt.getEstimator(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(estimatorX);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(estimatorY);
     for (size_t i = 0; i< coefficients.size(); i++) {
-        checkCoefficient(estimatorX.coeff[i], coefficients[i]);
-        checkCoefficient(estimatorY.coeff[i], coefficients[i]);
+        checkCoefficient((*estimatorX).coeff[i], coefficients[i]);
+        checkCoefficient((*estimatorY).coeff[i], coefficients[i]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -375,6 +378,44 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(computedVelocity.getVelocity(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, MAX_POINTER_ID + 1));
 }
 
+/**
+ * For a single pointer, the resampled data is ignored.
+ */
+TEST_F(VelocityTrackerTest, SinglePointerResampledData) {
+    std::vector<PlanarMotionEventEntry> motions = {{10ms, {{1, 2}}},
+                                                   {20ms, {{2, 4}}},
+                                                   {30ms, {{3, 6}}},
+                                                   {35ms, {{30, 60, .isResampled = true}}},
+                                                   {40ms, {{4, 8}}}};
+
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::DEFAULT, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 100);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::DEFAULT, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 200);
+}
+
+/**
+ * For multiple pointers, the resampled data is ignored on a per-pointer basis. If a certain pointer
+ * does not have a resampled value, all of the points are used.
+ */
+TEST_F(VelocityTrackerTest, MultiPointerResampledData) {
+    std::vector<PlanarMotionEventEntry> motions = {
+            {0ms, {{0, 0}}},
+            {10ms, {{1, 0}, {1, 0}}},
+            {20ms, {{2, 0}, {2, 0}}},
+            {30ms, {{3, 0}, {3, 0}}},
+            {35ms, {{30, 0, .isResampled = true}, {30, 0}}},
+            {40ms, {{4, 0}, {4, 0}}},
+            {45ms, {{5, 0}}}, // ACTION_UP
+    };
+
+    // Sample at t=35ms breaks trend. It's marked as resampled for the first pointer, so it should
+    // be ignored, and the resulting velocity should be linear. For the second pointer, it's not
+    // resampled, so it should cause the velocity to be non-linear.
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::DEFAULT, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 100,
+                            /*pointerId=*/0);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::DEFAULT, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 3455,
+                            /*pointerId=*/1);
+}
+
 TEST_F(VelocityTrackerTest, TestGetComputedVelocity) {
     std::vector<PlanarMotionEventEntry> motions = {
             {235089067457000ns, {{528.00, 0}}}, {235089084684000ns, {{527.00, 0}}},
@@ -420,8 +461,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(vt.getVelocity(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, DEFAULT_POINTER_ID));
 
-    VelocityTracker::Estimator estimator;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(vt.getEstimator(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, DEFAULT_POINTER_ID, &estimator));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(vt.getEstimator(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, DEFAULT_POINTER_ID));
 
     VelocityTracker::ComputedVelocity computedVelocity = vt.getComputedVelocity(1000, 1000);
     for (uint32_t id = 0; id <= MAX_POINTER_ID; id++) {
@@ -432,7 +472,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, vt.getActivePointerId());
 
     // Make sure that the clearing functions execute without an issue.
-    vt.clearPointers(BitSet32(7U));
+    vt.clearPointer(7U);
     vt.clear();
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/data/bad_axis_label.kl b/libs/input/tests/data/bad_axis_label.kl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6897380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/tests/data/bad_axis_label.kl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This KL should not be loaded because the axis label is not valid
+
+axis 0 DEFINITELY_NOT_AXIS_LABEL
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/data/bad_led_label.kl b/libs/input/tests/data/bad_led_label.kl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..293c0d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/tests/data/bad_led_label.kl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This KL should not be loaded because the led label is invalid
+
+led 0 ABSOLUTELY_NOT_LED_LABEL
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
index 54af7c9..01318dc 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/Android.bp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
 }
 
-cc_library_static {
+cc_library {
     name: "libjpegrecoverymap",
     host_supported: true,
 
@@ -37,15 +37,19 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libimage_io",
         "libjpeg",
-        "libutils",
+        "libjpegencoder",
+        "libjpegdecoder",
+        "liblog",
     ],
 }
 
-cc_library_static {
+cc_library {
     name: "libjpegencoder",
+    host_supported: true,
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libjpeg",
+        "liblog",
     ],
 
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
@@ -55,11 +59,13 @@
     ],
 }
 
-cc_library_static {
+cc_library {
     name: "libjpegdecoder",
+    host_supported: true,
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libjpeg",
+        "liblog",
     ],
 
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h
index 6995762..699c0d3 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/jpegrerrorcode.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH     = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 3,
     ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL        = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 4,
     ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_COLORGAMUT      = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 5,
+    ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_TRANS_FUNC      = JPEGR_IO_ERROR_BASE - 6,
 
     JPEGR_RUNTIME_ERROR_BASE            = -20000,
     ERROR_JPEGR_ENCODE_ERROR            = JPEGR_RUNTIME_ERROR_BASE - 1,
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h
index 3597903..ae15d24 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 // Transfer functions as defined for XMP metadata
 typedef enum {
+  JPEGR_TF_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
   JPEGR_TF_LINEAR = 0,
   JPEGR_TF_HLG = 1,
   JPEGR_TF_PQ = 2,
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h
index 0fb64d3..0695bb7 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h
@@ -17,12 +17,15 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPMATH_H
 #define ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPMATH_H
 
+#include <cmath>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h>
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
+#define CLIP3(x, min, max) ((x) < (min)) ? (min) : ((x) > (max)) ? (max) : (x)
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Framework
 
@@ -112,6 +115,76 @@
   return temp /= rhs;
 }
 
+constexpr size_t kRecoveryFactorPrecision = 10;
+constexpr size_t kRecoveryFactorNumEntries = 1 << kRecoveryFactorPrecision;
+struct RecoveryLUT {
+  RecoveryLUT(float hdrRatio) {
+    float increment = 2.0 / kRecoveryFactorNumEntries;
+    float value = -1.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < kRecoveryFactorNumEntries; idx++, value += increment) {
+      mRecoveryTable[idx] = pow(hdrRatio, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~RecoveryLUT() {
+  }
+
+  float getRecoveryFactor(float recovery) {
+    uint32_t value = static_cast<uint32_t>(((recovery + 1.0f) / 2.0f) * kRecoveryFactorNumEntries);
+    //TODO() : Remove once conversion modules have appropriate clamping in place
+    value = CLIP3(value, 0, kRecoveryFactorNumEntries - 1);
+    return mRecoveryTable[value];
+  }
+
+private:
+  float mRecoveryTable[kRecoveryFactorNumEntries];
+};
+
+struct ShepardsIDW {
+  ShepardsIDW(int mapScaleFactor) : mMapScaleFactor{mapScaleFactor} {
+    const int size = mMapScaleFactor * mMapScaleFactor * 4;
+    mWeights = new float[size];
+    mWeightsNR = new float[size];
+    mWeightsNB = new float[size];
+    mWeightsC = new float[size];
+    fillShepardsIDW(mWeights, 1, 1);
+    fillShepardsIDW(mWeightsNR, 0, 1);
+    fillShepardsIDW(mWeightsNB, 1, 0);
+    fillShepardsIDW(mWeightsC, 0, 0);
+  }
+  ~ShepardsIDW() {
+    delete[] mWeights;
+    delete[] mWeightsNR;
+    delete[] mWeightsNB;
+    delete[] mWeightsC;
+  }
+
+  int mMapScaleFactor;
+  // Image :-
+  // p00 p01 p02 p03 p04 p05 p06 p07
+  // p10 p11 p12 p13 p14 p15 p16 p17
+  // p20 p21 p22 p23 p24 p25 p26 p27
+  // p30 p31 p32 p33 p34 p35 p36 p37
+  // p40 p41 p42 p43 p44 p45 p46 p47
+  // p50 p51 p52 p53 p54 p55 p56 p57
+  // p60 p61 p62 p63 p64 p65 p66 p67
+  // p70 p71 p72 p73 p74 p75 p76 p77
+
+  // Recovery Map (for 4 scale factor) :-
+  // m00 p01
+  // m10 m11
+
+  // Recovery sample of curr 4x4, right 4x4, bottom 4x4, bottom right 4x4 are used during
+  // reconstruction. hence table weight size is 4.
+  float* mWeights;
+  // TODO: check if its ok to mWeights at places
+  float* mWeightsNR;  // no right
+  float* mWeightsNB;  // no bottom
+  float* mWeightsC;  // no right & bottom
+
+  float euclideanDistance(float x1, float x2, float y1, float y2);
+  void fillShepardsIDW(float *weights, int incR, int incB);
+};
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // sRGB transformations
@@ -143,7 +216,8 @@
  */
 float srgbInvOetf(float e_gamma);
 Color srgbInvOetf(Color e_gamma);
-
+float srgbInvOetfLUT(float e_gamma);
+Color srgbInvOetfLUT(Color e_gamma);
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Display-P3 transformations
@@ -183,6 +257,8 @@
  */
 float hlgOetf(float e);
 Color hlgOetf(Color e);
+float hlgOetfLUT(float e);
+Color hlgOetfLUT(Color e);
 
 /*
  * Convert from HLG to scene luminance.
@@ -191,6 +267,8 @@
  */
 float hlgInvOetf(float e_gamma);
 Color hlgInvOetf(Color e_gamma);
+float hlgInvOetfLUT(float e_gamma);
+Color hlgInvOetfLUT(Color e_gamma);
 
 /*
  * Convert from scene luminance to PQ.
@@ -199,6 +277,8 @@
  */
 float pqOetf(float e);
 Color pqOetf(Color e);
+float pqOetfLUT(float e);
+Color pqOetfLUT(Color e);
 
 /*
  * Convert from PQ to scene luminance in nits.
@@ -207,6 +287,8 @@
  */
 float pqInvOetf(float e_gamma);
 Color pqInvOetf(Color e_gamma);
+float pqInvOetfLUT(float e_gamma);
+Color pqInvOetfLUT(Color e_gamma);
 
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -251,6 +333,7 @@
  * value, with the given hdr ratio, to the given sdr input in the range [0, 1].
  */
 Color applyRecovery(Color e, float recovery, float hdr_ratio);
+Color applyRecoveryLUT(Color e, float recovery, RecoveryLUT& recoveryLUT);
 
 /*
  * Helper for sampling from YUV 420 images.
@@ -282,7 +365,9 @@
  * Sample the recovery value for the map from a given x,y coordinate on a scale
  * that is map scale factor larger than the map size.
  */
-float sampleMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y);
+float sampleMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, float map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y);
+float sampleMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y,
+                ShepardsIDW& weightTables);
 
 /*
  * Convert from Color to RGBA1010102.
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h
index e61d0c4..8b2672f 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/include/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPUTILS_H
 #define ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPUTILS_H
 
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h>
+
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string>
@@ -26,6 +28,26 @@
 
 struct jpegr_metadata;
 
+// If the EXIF package doesn't exist in the input JPEG, we'll create one with one entry
+// where the length is represented by this value.
+const size_t PSEUDO_EXIF_PACKAGE_LENGTH = 28;
+// If the EXIF package exists in the input JPEG, we'll add an "JR" entry where the length is
+// represented by this value.
+const size_t EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH = 12;
+
+/*
+ * Helper function used for writing data to destination.
+ *
+ * @param destination destination of the data to be written.
+ * @param source source of data being written.
+ * @param length length of the data to be written.
+ * @param position cursor in desitination where the data is to be written.
+ * @return status of succeed or error code.
+ */
+status_t Write(jr_compressed_ptr destination, const void* source, size_t length, int &position);
+status_t Write(jr_exif_ptr destination, const void* source, size_t length, int &position);
+
+
 /*
  * Parses XMP packet and fills metadata with data from XMP
  *
@@ -56,8 +78,8 @@
  *         <rdf:Seq>
  *           <rdf:li>
  *             <GContainer:Item
- *               Item:Semantic="Primary"
- *               Item:Mime="image/jpeg"
+ *               GContainer:ItemSemantic="Primary"
+ *               GContainer:ItemMime="image/jpeg"
  *               RecoveryMap:Version=”1”
  *               RecoveryMap:RangeScalingFactor=”1.25”
  *               RecoveryMap:TransferFunction=”2”/>
@@ -68,9 +90,9 @@
  *           </rdf:li>
  *           <rdf:li>
  *             <GContainer:Item
- *               Item:Semantic="RecoveryMap"
- *               Item:Mime="image/jpeg"
- *               Item:Length="1000"/>
+ *               GContainer:ItemSemantic="RecoveryMap"
+ *               GContainer:ItemMime="image/jpeg"
+ *               GContainer:ItemLength="1000"/>
  *           </rdf:li>
  *         </rdf:Seq>
  *       </GContainer:Directory>
@@ -83,6 +105,83 @@
  * @return XMP metadata in type of string
  */
 std::string generateXmp(int secondary_image_length, jpegr_metadata& metadata);
+
+/*
+ * Add J R entry to existing exif, or create a new one with J R entry if it's null.
+ * EXIF syntax / change:
+ * ori:
+ * FF E1 - APP1
+ * 01 FC - size of APP1 (to be calculated)
+ * -----------------------------------------------------
+ * 45 78 69 66 00 00 - Exif\0\0 "Exif header"
+ * 49 49 2A 00 - TIFF Header
+ * 08 00 00 00 - offset to the IFD (image file directory)
+ * 06 00 - 6 entries
+ * 00 01 - Width Tag
+ * 03 00 - 'Short' type
+ * 01 00 00 00 - 1 component
+ * 00 05 00 00 - image with 0x500
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * new:
+ * FF E1 - APP1
+ * 02 08 - new size, equals to old size + EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH (12)
+ *-----------------------------------------------------
+ * 45 78 69 66 00 00 - Exif\0\0 "Exif header"
+ * 49 49 2A 00 - TIFF Header
+ * 08 00 00 00 - offset to the IFD (image file directory)
+ * 07 00 - +1 entry
+ * 4A 52   Custom ('J''R') Tag
+ * 07 00 - Unknown type
+ * 01 00 00 00 - 1 component
+ * 00 00 00 00 - empty data
+ * 00 01 - Width Tag
+ * 03 00 - 'Short' type
+ * 01 00 00 00 - 1 component
+ * 00 05 00 00 - image with 0x500
+ */
+status_t updateExif(jr_exif_ptr exif, jr_exif_ptr dest);
+
+/*
+ * Modify offsets in EXIF in place.
+ *
+ * Each tag has the following structure:
+ *
+ * 00 01 - Tag
+ * 03 00 - data format
+ * 01 00 00 00 - number of components
+ * 00 05 00 00 - value
+ *
+ * The value means offset if
+ * (1) num_of_components * bytes_per_component > 4 bytes, or
+ * (2) tag == 0x8769 (ExifOffset).
+ * In both cases, the method will add EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH (12) to the offsets.
+ */
+void updateExifOffsets(jr_exif_ptr exif, int pos, bool use_big_endian);
+void updateExifOffsets(jr_exif_ptr exif, int pos, int num_entry, bool use_big_endian);
+
+/*
+ * Read data from the target position and target length in bytes;
+ */
+int readValue(uint8_t* data, int pos, int length, bool use_big_endian);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the length of data format in bytes
+ *
+ *  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *  |       value       |         1       |        2        |        3         |       4         |
+ *  |       format      |  unsigned byte  |  ascii strings  |  unsigned short  |  unsigned long  |
+ *  |  bytes/component  |         1       |        1        |        2         |       4         |
+ *  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *  |       value       |         5       |        6        |        7         |       8         |
+ *  |       format      |unsigned rational|   signed byte   |    undefined     |  signed short   |
+ *  |  bytes/component  |         8       |        1        |        1         |       2         |
+ *  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *  |       value       |         9       |        10       |        11        |       12        |
+ *  |       format      |   signed long   | signed rational |   single float   |  double float   |
+ *  |  bytes/component  |         4       |        8        |        4         |       8         |
+ *  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+int findFormatLengthInBytes(int data_format);
 }
 
-#endif //ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPUTILS_H
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif //ANDROID_JPEGRECOVERYMAP_RECOVERYMAPUTILS_H
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp
index 0ae6a63..6fbc6b0 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegdecoder.h>
 
-#include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <setjmp.h>
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@
 
 const std::string kXmpNameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/";
 const std::string kExifIdCode = "Exif";
+constexpr uint32_t kICCMarkerHeaderSize = 14;
+constexpr uint8_t kICCSig[] = {
+        'I', 'C', 'C', '_', 'P', 'R', 'O', 'F', 'I', 'L', 'E', '\0',
+};
 
 struct jpegr_source_mgr : jpeg_source_mgr {
     jpegr_source_mgr(const uint8_t* ptr, int len);
@@ -336,8 +340,22 @@
     *pWidth = cinfo.image_width;
     *pHeight = cinfo.image_height;
 
-    //TODO: Parse iccProfile
-    (void)iccData;
+    if (iccData != nullptr) {
+        for (jpeg_marker_struct* marker = cinfo.marker_list; marker;
+             marker = marker->next) {
+            if (marker->marker != kAPP2Marker) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (marker->data_length <= kICCMarkerHeaderSize ||
+                memcmp(marker->data, kICCSig, sizeof(kICCSig)) != 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const unsigned int len = marker->data_length - kICCMarkerHeaderSize;
+            const uint8_t *src = marker->data + kICCMarkerHeaderSize;
+            iccData->insert(iccData->end(), src, src+len);
+        }
+    }
 
     if (exifData != nullptr) {
         bool exifAppears = false;
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegencoder.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegencoder.cpp
index 1997bf9..627dcdf 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegencoder.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/jpegencoder.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/jpegencoder.h>
 
-#include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
 
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp
index ee68043..22289de 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.cpp
@@ -25,17 +25,30 @@
 #include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_scanner.h>
 #include <image_io/jpeg/jpeg_info_builder.h>
 #include <image_io/base/data_segment_data_source.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <deque>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 using namespace std;
 using namespace photos_editing_formats::image_io;
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
+#define USE_SRGB_INVOETF_LUT 1
+#define USE_HLG_OETF_LUT 1
+#define USE_PQ_OETF_LUT 1
+#define USE_HLG_INVOETF_LUT 1
+#define USE_PQ_INVOETF_LUT 1
+#define USE_APPLY_RECOVERY_LUT 1
+
 #define JPEGR_CHECK(x)          \
   {                             \
     status_t status = (x);      \
@@ -49,6 +62,10 @@
 
 // Map is quarter res / sixteenth size
 static const size_t kMapDimensionScaleFactor = 4;
+// JPEG block size.
+// JPEG encoding / decoding will require 8 x 8 DCT transform.
+// Width must be 8 dividable, and height must be 2 dividable.
+static const size_t kJpegBlock = 8;
 // JPEG compress quality (0 ~ 100) for recovery map
 static const int kMapCompressQuality = 85;
 
@@ -62,133 +79,18 @@
   1.0f,
 };
 
-/*
- * Helper function used for writing data to destination.
- *
- * @param destination destination of the data to be written.
- * @param source source of data being written.
- * @param length length of the data to be written.
- * @param position cursor in desitination where the data is to be written.
- * @return status of succeed or error code.
- */
-status_t Write(jr_compressed_ptr destination, const void* source, size_t length, int &position) {
-  if (position + length > destination->maxLength) {
-    return ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
-  }
-
-  memcpy((uint8_t*)destination->data + sizeof(uint8_t) * position, source, length);
-  position += length;
-  return NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-status_t Write(jr_exif_ptr destination, const void* source, size_t length, int &position) {
-  memcpy((uint8_t*)destination->data + sizeof(uint8_t) * position, source, length);
-  position += length;
-  return NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-// If the EXIF package doesn't exist in the input JPEG, we'll create one with one entry
-// where the length is represented by this value.
-const size_t PSEUDO_EXIF_PACKAGE_LENGTH = 28;
-// If the EXIF package exists in the input JPEG, we'll add an "JR" entry where the length is
-// represented by this value.
-const size_t EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH = 12;
-
-/*
- * Helper function
- * Add J R entry to existing exif, or create a new one with J R entry if it's null.
- * EXIF syntax / change:
- * ori:
- * FF E1 - APP1
- * 01 FC - size of APP1 (to be calculated)
- * -----------------------------------------------------
- * 45 78 69 66 00 00 - Exif\0\0 "Exif header"
- * 49 49 2A 00 - TIFF Header
- * 08 00 00 00 - offset to the IFD (image file directory)
- * 06 00 - 6 entries
- * 00 01 - Width Tag
- * 03 00 - 'Short' type
- * 01 00 00 00 - one entry
- * 00 05 00 00 - image with 0x500
- *--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * new:
- * FF E1 - APP1
- * 02 08 - new size, equals to old size + EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH (12)
- *-----------------------------------------------------
- * 45 78 69 66 00 00 - Exif\0\0 "Exif header"
- * 49 49 2A 00 - TIFF Header
- * 08 00 00 00 - offset to the IFD (image file directory)
- * 07 00 - +1 entry
- * 4A 52   Custom ('J''R') Tag
- * 07 00 - Unknown type
- * 01 00 00 00 - one element
- * 00 00 00 00 - empty data
- * 00 01 - Width Tag
- * 03 00 - 'Short' type
- * 01 00 00 00 - one entry
- * 00 05 00 00 - image with 0x500
- */
-status_t updateExif(jr_exif_ptr exif, jr_exif_ptr dest) {
-  if (exif == nullptr || exif->data == nullptr) {
-    uint8_t data[PSEUDO_EXIF_PACKAGE_LENGTH] = {
-        0x45, 0x78, 0x69, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00,
-        0x49, 0x49, 0x2A, 0x00,
-        0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-        0x01, 0x00,
-        0x4A, 0x52,
-        0x07, 0x00,
-        0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-    int pos = 0;
-    Write(dest, data, PSEUDO_EXIF_PACKAGE_LENGTH, pos);
-    return NO_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  int num_entry = 0;
-  uint8_t num_entry_low = 0;
-  uint8_t num_entry_high = 0;
-  bool use_big_endian = false;
-  if (reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(exif->data)[3] == 0x4949) {
-      num_entry_low = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[14];
-      num_entry_high = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[15];
-  } else if (reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(exif->data)[3] == 0x4d4d) {
-      use_big_endian = true;
-      num_entry_high = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[14];
-      num_entry_low = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[15];
-  } else {
-      return ERROR_JPEGR_METADATA_ERROR;
-  }
-  num_entry = (num_entry_high << 8) | num_entry_low;
-  num_entry += 1;
-  num_entry_low = num_entry & 0xff;
-  num_entry_high = (num_entry << 8) & 0xff;
-
-  int pos = 0;
-  Write(dest, (uint8_t*)exif->data, 14, pos);
-
-  if (use_big_endian) {
-    Write(dest, &num_entry_high, 1, pos);
-    Write(dest, &num_entry_low, 1, pos);
-    uint8_t data[EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH] = {
-          0x4A, 0x52,
-          0x07, 0x00,
-          0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-    Write(dest, data, EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH, pos);
-  } else {
-    Write(dest, &num_entry_low, 1, pos);
-    Write(dest, &num_entry_high, 1, pos);
-    uint8_t data[EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH] = {
-          0x4A, 0x52,
-          0x00, 0x07,
-          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
-          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-    Write(dest, data, EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH, pos);
-  }
-
-  Write(dest, (uint8_t*)exif->data + 16, exif->length - 16, pos);
-
-  return NO_ERROR;
+#define CONFIG_MULTITHREAD 1
+int GetCPUCoreCount() {
+  int cpuCoreCount = 1;
+#if CONFIG_MULTITHREAD
+#if defined(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
+  cpuCoreCount = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+#else
+  // _SC_NPROC_ONLN must be defined...
+  cpuCoreCount = sysconf(_SC_NPROC_ONLN);
+#endif
+#endif
+  return cpuCoreCount;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -230,6 +132,13 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->width % kJpegBlock != 0
+          || uncompressed_p010_image->height % 2 != 0) {
+    ALOGE("Image size can not be handled: %dx%d",
+            uncompressed_p010_image->width, uncompressed_p010_image->height);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
   jpegr_metadata metadata;
   metadata.version = kJpegrVersion;
   metadata.transferFunction = hdr_tf;
@@ -304,6 +213,13 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->width % kJpegBlock != 0
+          || uncompressed_p010_image->height % 2 != 0) {
+    ALOGE("Image size can not be handled: %dx%d",
+            uncompressed_p010_image->width, uncompressed_p010_image->height);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
   jpegr_metadata metadata;
   metadata.version = kJpegrVersion;
   metadata.transferFunction = hdr_tf;
@@ -369,6 +285,13 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->width % kJpegBlock != 0
+          || uncompressed_p010_image->height % 2 != 0) {
+    ALOGE("Image size can not be handled: %dx%d",
+            uncompressed_p010_image->width, uncompressed_p010_image->height);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
   jpegr_metadata metadata;
   metadata.version = kJpegrVersion;
   metadata.transferFunction = hdr_tf;
@@ -444,6 +367,13 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->width % kJpegBlock != 0
+          || uncompressed_p010_image->height % 2 != 0) {
+    ALOGE("Image size can not be handled: %dx%d",
+            uncompressed_p010_image->width, uncompressed_p010_image->height);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
   JpegDecoder jpeg_decoder;
   if (!jpeg_decoder.decompressImage(compressed_jpeg_image->data, compressed_jpeg_image->length)) {
     return ERROR_JPEGR_DECODE_ERROR;
@@ -626,6 +556,62 @@
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+const int kJobSzInRows = 16;
+static_assert(kJobSzInRows > 0 && kJobSzInRows % kMapDimensionScaleFactor == 0,
+              "align job size to kMapDimensionScaleFactor");
+
+class JobQueue {
+ public:
+  bool dequeueJob(size_t& rowStart, size_t& rowEnd);
+  void enqueueJob(size_t rowStart, size_t rowEnd);
+  void markQueueForEnd();
+  void reset();
+
+ private:
+  bool mQueuedAllJobs = false;
+  std::deque<std::tuple<size_t, size_t>> mJobs;
+  std::mutex mMutex;
+  std::condition_variable mCv;
+};
+
+bool JobQueue::dequeueJob(size_t& rowStart, size_t& rowEnd) {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mMutex};
+  while (true) {
+    if (mJobs.empty()) {
+      if (mQueuedAllJobs) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        mCv.wait(lock);
+      }
+    } else {
+      auto it = mJobs.begin();
+      rowStart = std::get<0>(*it);
+      rowEnd = std::get<1>(*it);
+      mJobs.erase(it);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void JobQueue::enqueueJob(size_t rowStart, size_t rowEnd) {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mMutex};
+  mJobs.push_back(std::make_tuple(rowStart, rowEnd));
+  lock.unlock();
+  mCv.notify_one();
+}
+
+void JobQueue::markQueueForEnd() {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mMutex};
+  mQueuedAllJobs = true;
+}
+
+void JobQueue::reset() {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mMutex};
+  mJobs.clear();
+  mQueuedAllJobs = false;
+}
+
 status_t RecoveryMap::generateRecoveryMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
                                           jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
                                           jr_metadata_ptr metadata,
@@ -651,11 +637,14 @@
   size_t image_height = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height;
   size_t map_width = image_width / kMapDimensionScaleFactor;
   size_t map_height = image_height / kMapDimensionScaleFactor;
+  size_t map_stride = static_cast<size_t>(
+          floor((map_width + kJpegBlock - 1) / kJpegBlock)) * kJpegBlock;
+  size_t map_height_aligned = ((map_height + 1) >> 1) << 1;
 
-  dest->width = map_width;
-  dest->height = map_height;
+  dest->width = map_stride;
+  dest->height = map_height_aligned;
   dest->colorGamut = JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
-  dest->data = new uint8_t[map_width * map_height];
+  dest->data = new uint8_t[map_stride * map_height_aligned];
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> map_data;
   map_data.reset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dest->data));
 
@@ -666,13 +655,24 @@
       hdrInvOetf = identityConversion;
       break;
     case JPEGR_TF_HLG:
+#if USE_HLG_INVOETF_LUT
+      hdrInvOetf = hlgInvOetfLUT;
+#else
       hdrInvOetf = hlgInvOetf;
+#endif
       hdr_white_nits = kHlgMaxNits;
       break;
     case JPEGR_TF_PQ:
+#if USE_PQ_INVOETF_LUT
+      hdrInvOetf = pqInvOetfLUT;
+#else
       hdrInvOetf = pqInvOetf;
+#endif
       hdr_white_nits = kPqMaxNits;
       break;
+    case JPEGR_TF_UNSPECIFIED:
+      // Should be impossible to hit after input validation.
+      return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_TRANS_FUNC;
   }
 
   ColorTransformFn hdrGamutConversionFn = getHdrConversionFn(
@@ -694,22 +694,87 @@
       return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_COLORGAMUT;
   }
 
+  std::mutex mutex;
   float hdr_y_nits_max = 0.0f;
   double hdr_y_nits_avg = 0.0f;
-  for (size_t y = 0; y < image_height; ++y) {
-    for (size_t x = 0; x < image_width; ++x) {
-      Color hdr_yuv_gamma = getP010Pixel(uncompressed_p010_image, x, y);
-      Color hdr_rgb_gamma = bt2100YuvToRgb(hdr_yuv_gamma);
-      Color hdr_rgb = hdrInvOetf(hdr_rgb_gamma);
-      hdr_rgb = hdrGamutConversionFn(hdr_rgb);
-      float hdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(hdr_rgb) * hdr_white_nits;
+  const int threads = std::clamp(GetCPUCoreCount(), 1, 4);
+  size_t rowStep = threads == 1 ? image_height : kJobSzInRows;
+  JobQueue jobQueue;
 
-      hdr_y_nits_avg += hdr_y_nits;
-      if (hdr_y_nits > hdr_y_nits_max) {
-        hdr_y_nits_max = hdr_y_nits;
+  std::function<void()> computeMetadata = [uncompressed_p010_image, hdrInvOetf,
+                                           hdrGamutConversionFn, luminanceFn, hdr_white_nits,
+                                           threads, &mutex, &hdr_y_nits_avg,
+                                           &hdr_y_nits_max, &jobQueue]() -> void {
+    size_t rowStart, rowEnd;
+    float hdr_y_nits_max_th = 0.0f;
+    double hdr_y_nits_avg_th = 0.0f;
+    while (jobQueue.dequeueJob(rowStart, rowEnd)) {
+      for (size_t y = rowStart; y < rowEnd; ++y) {
+        for (size_t x = 0; x < uncompressed_p010_image->width; ++x) {
+          Color hdr_yuv_gamma = getP010Pixel(uncompressed_p010_image, x, y);
+          Color hdr_rgb_gamma = bt2100YuvToRgb(hdr_yuv_gamma);
+          Color hdr_rgb = hdrInvOetf(hdr_rgb_gamma);
+          hdr_rgb = hdrGamutConversionFn(hdr_rgb);
+          float hdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(hdr_rgb) * hdr_white_nits;
+
+          hdr_y_nits_avg_th += hdr_y_nits;
+          if (hdr_y_nits > hdr_y_nits_max_th) {
+            hdr_y_nits_max_th = hdr_y_nits;
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mutex};
+    hdr_y_nits_avg += hdr_y_nits_avg_th;
+    hdr_y_nits_max = std::max(hdr_y_nits_max, hdr_y_nits_max_th);
+  };
+
+  std::function<void()> generateMap = [uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_p010_image,
+                                       metadata, dest, hdrInvOetf, hdrGamutConversionFn,
+                                       luminanceFn, hdr_white_nits, &jobQueue]() -> void {
+    size_t rowStart, rowEnd;
+    while (jobQueue.dequeueJob(rowStart, rowEnd)) {
+      for (size_t y = rowStart; y < rowEnd; ++y) {
+        for (size_t x = 0; x < dest->width; ++x) {
+          Color sdr_yuv_gamma =
+              sampleYuv420(uncompressed_yuv_420_image, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
+          Color sdr_rgb_gamma = srgbYuvToRgb(sdr_yuv_gamma);
+#if USE_SRGB_INVOETF_LUT
+          Color sdr_rgb = srgbInvOetfLUT(sdr_rgb_gamma);
+#else
+          Color sdr_rgb = srgbInvOetf(sdr_rgb_gamma);
+#endif
+          float sdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(sdr_rgb) * kSdrWhiteNits;
+
+          Color hdr_yuv_gamma = sampleP010(uncompressed_p010_image, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
+          Color hdr_rgb_gamma = bt2100YuvToRgb(hdr_yuv_gamma);
+          Color hdr_rgb = hdrInvOetf(hdr_rgb_gamma);
+          hdr_rgb = hdrGamutConversionFn(hdr_rgb);
+          float hdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(hdr_rgb) * hdr_white_nits;
+
+          size_t pixel_idx = x + y * dest->width;
+          reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_idx] =
+              encodeRecovery(sdr_y_nits, hdr_y_nits, metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  std::vector<std::thread> workers;
+  for (int th = 0; th < threads - 1; th++) {
+    workers.push_back(std::thread(computeMetadata));
   }
+
+  // compute metadata
+  for (size_t rowStart = 0; rowStart < image_height;) {
+    size_t rowEnd = std::min(rowStart + rowStep, image_height);
+    jobQueue.enqueueJob(rowStart, rowEnd);
+    rowStart = rowEnd;
+  }
+  jobQueue.markQueueForEnd();
+  computeMetadata();
+  std::for_each(workers.begin(), workers.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+  workers.clear();
   hdr_y_nits_avg /= image_width * image_height;
 
   metadata->rangeScalingFactor = hdr_y_nits_max / kSdrWhiteNits;
@@ -718,26 +783,22 @@
     metadata->hdr10Metadata.maxCLL = hdr_y_nits_max;
   }
 
-  for (size_t y = 0; y < map_height; ++y) {
-    for (size_t x = 0; x < map_width; ++x) {
-      Color sdr_yuv_gamma = sampleYuv420(uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
-                                         kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
-      Color sdr_rgb_gamma = srgbYuvToRgb(sdr_yuv_gamma);
-      Color sdr_rgb = srgbInvOetf(sdr_rgb_gamma);
-      float sdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(sdr_rgb) * kSdrWhiteNits;
-
-      Color hdr_yuv_gamma = sampleP010(uncompressed_p010_image, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
-      Color hdr_rgb_gamma = bt2100YuvToRgb(hdr_yuv_gamma);
-      Color hdr_rgb = hdrInvOetf(hdr_rgb_gamma);
-      hdr_rgb = hdrGamutConversionFn(hdr_rgb);
-      float hdr_y_nits = luminanceFn(hdr_rgb) * hdr_white_nits;
-
-      size_t pixel_idx =  x + y * map_width;
-      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_idx] =
-          encodeRecovery(sdr_y_nits, hdr_y_nits, metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
-    }
+  // generate map
+  jobQueue.reset();
+  for (int th = 0; th < threads - 1; th++) {
+    workers.push_back(std::thread(generateMap));
   }
 
+  rowStep = (threads == 1 ? image_height : kJobSzInRows) / kMapDimensionScaleFactor;
+  for (size_t rowStart = 0; rowStart < map_height;) {
+    size_t rowEnd = std::min(rowStart + rowStep, map_height);
+    jobQueue.enqueueJob(rowStart, rowEnd);
+    rowStart = rowEnd;
+  }
+  jobQueue.markQueueForEnd();
+  generateMap();
+  std::for_each(workers.begin(), workers.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
   map_data.release();
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -753,43 +814,95 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  size_t width = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->width;
-  size_t height = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height;
+  dest->width = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->width;
+  dest->height = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height;
+  ShepardsIDW idwTable(kMapDimensionScaleFactor);
+  RecoveryLUT recoveryLUT(metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
 
-  dest->width = width;
-  dest->height = height;
-  size_t pixel_count = width * height;
+  JobQueue jobQueue;
+  std::function<void()> applyRecMap = [uncompressed_yuv_420_image, uncompressed_recovery_map,
+                                       metadata, dest, &jobQueue, &idwTable,
+                                       &recoveryLUT]() -> void {
+    const float hdr_ratio = metadata->rangeScalingFactor;
+    size_t width = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->width;
+    size_t height = uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height;
 
-  ColorTransformFn hdrOetf = nullptr;
-  switch (metadata->transferFunction) {
-    case JPEGR_TF_LINEAR:
-      hdrOetf = identityConversion;
-      break;
-    case JPEGR_TF_HLG:
-      hdrOetf = hlgOetf;
-      break;
-    case JPEGR_TF_PQ:
-      hdrOetf = pqOetf;
-      break;
-  }
-
-  for (size_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
-    for (size_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
-      Color yuv_gamma_sdr = getYuv420Pixel(uncompressed_yuv_420_image, x, y);
-      Color rgb_gamma_sdr = srgbYuvToRgb(yuv_gamma_sdr);
-      Color rgb_sdr = srgbInvOetf(rgb_gamma_sdr);
-
-      // TODO: determine map scaling factor based on actual map dims
-      float recovery = sampleMap(uncompressed_recovery_map, kMapDimensionScaleFactor, x, y);
-      Color rgb_hdr = applyRecovery(rgb_sdr, recovery, metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
-
-      Color rgb_gamma_hdr = hdrOetf(rgb_hdr / metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
-      uint32_t rgba1010102 = colorToRgba1010102(rgb_gamma_hdr);
-
-      size_t pixel_idx =  x + y * width;
-      reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_idx] = rgba1010102;
+    ColorTransformFn hdrOetf = nullptr;
+    switch (metadata->transferFunction) {
+      case JPEGR_TF_LINEAR:
+        hdrOetf = identityConversion;
+        break;
+      case JPEGR_TF_HLG:
+#if USE_HLG_OETF_LUT
+        hdrOetf = hlgOetfLUT;
+#else
+        hdrOetf = hlgOetf;
+#endif
+        break;
+      case JPEGR_TF_PQ:
+#if USE_PQ_OETF_LUT
+        hdrOetf = pqOetfLUT;
+#else
+        hdrOetf = pqOetf;
+#endif
+        break;
+      case JPEGR_TF_UNSPECIFIED:
+        // Should be impossible to hit after input validation.
+        hdrOetf = identityConversion;
     }
+
+    size_t rowStart, rowEnd;
+    while (jobQueue.dequeueJob(rowStart, rowEnd)) {
+      for (size_t y = rowStart; y < rowEnd; ++y) {
+        for (size_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
+          Color yuv_gamma_sdr = getYuv420Pixel(uncompressed_yuv_420_image, x, y);
+          Color rgb_gamma_sdr = srgbYuvToRgb(yuv_gamma_sdr);
+#if USE_SRGB_INVOETF_LUT
+          Color rgb_sdr = srgbInvOetfLUT(rgb_gamma_sdr);
+#else
+          Color rgb_sdr = srgbInvOetf(rgb_gamma_sdr);
+#endif
+          float recovery;
+          // TODO: determine map scaling factor based on actual map dims
+          size_t map_scale_factor = kMapDimensionScaleFactor;
+          // TODO: If map_scale_factor is guaranteed to be an integer, then remove the following.
+          // Currently map_scale_factor is of type size_t, but it could be changed to a float
+          // later.
+          if (map_scale_factor != floorf(map_scale_factor)) {
+            recovery = sampleMap(uncompressed_recovery_map, map_scale_factor, x, y);
+          } else {
+            recovery = sampleMap(uncompressed_recovery_map, map_scale_factor, x, y,
+                                idwTable);
+          }
+#if USE_APPLY_RECOVERY_LUT
+          Color rgb_hdr = applyRecoveryLUT(rgb_sdr, recovery, recoveryLUT);
+#else
+          Color rgb_hdr = applyRecovery(rgb_sdr, recovery, hdr_ratio);
+#endif
+          Color rgb_gamma_hdr = hdrOetf(rgb_hdr / metadata->rangeScalingFactor);
+          uint32_t rgba1010102 = colorToRgba1010102(rgb_gamma_hdr);
+
+          size_t pixel_idx = x + y * width;
+          reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(dest->data)[pixel_idx] = rgba1010102;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  const int threads = std::clamp(GetCPUCoreCount(), 1, 4);
+  std::vector<std::thread> workers;
+  for (int th = 0; th < threads - 1; th++) {
+    workers.push_back(std::thread(applyRecMap));
   }
+  const int rowStep = threads == 1 ? uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height : kJobSzInRows;
+  for (int rowStart = 0; rowStart < uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height;) {
+    int rowEnd = std::min(rowStart + rowStep, uncompressed_yuv_420_image->height);
+    jobQueue.enqueueJob(rowStart, rowEnd);
+    rowStart = rowEnd;
+  }
+  jobQueue.markQueueForEnd();
+  applyRecMap();
+  std::for_each(workers.begin(), workers.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp
index 9ed2949..4f21ac6 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.cpp
@@ -15,14 +15,129 @@
  */
 
 #include <cmath>
-
+#include <vector>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h>
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
+constexpr size_t kPqOETFPrecision = 10;
+constexpr size_t kPqOETFNumEntries = 1 << kPqOETFPrecision;
+
+static const std::vector<float> kPqOETF = [] {
+    std::vector<float> result;
+    float increment = 1.0 / kPqOETFNumEntries;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < kPqOETFNumEntries; idx++, value += increment) {
+      result.push_back(pqOetf(value));
+    }
+    return result;
+}();
+
+constexpr size_t kPqInvOETFPrecision = 10;
+constexpr size_t kPqInvOETFNumEntries = 1 << kPqInvOETFPrecision;
+
+static const std::vector<float> kPqInvOETF = [] {
+    std::vector<float> result;
+    float increment = 1.0 / kPqInvOETFNumEntries;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < kPqInvOETFNumEntries; idx++, value += increment) {
+      result.push_back(pqInvOetf(value));
+    }
+    return result;
+}();
+
+constexpr size_t kHlgOETFPrecision = 10;
+constexpr size_t kHlgOETFNumEntries = 1 << kHlgOETFPrecision;
+
+static const std::vector<float> kHlgOETF = [] {
+    std::vector<float> result;
+    float increment = 1.0 / kHlgOETFNumEntries;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < kHlgOETFNumEntries; idx++, value += increment) {
+      result.push_back(hlgOetf(value));
+    }
+    return result;
+}();
+
+constexpr size_t kHlgInvOETFPrecision = 10;
+constexpr size_t kHlgInvOETFNumEntries = 1 << kHlgInvOETFPrecision;
+
+static const std::vector<float> kHlgInvOETF = [] {
+    std::vector<float> result;
+    float increment = 1.0 / kHlgInvOETFNumEntries;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < kHlgInvOETFNumEntries; idx++, value += increment) {
+      result.push_back(hlgInvOetf(value));
+    }
+    return result;
+}();
+
+constexpr size_t kSRGBInvOETFPrecision = 10;
+constexpr size_t kSRGBInvOETFNumEntries = 1 << kSRGBInvOETFPrecision;
+static const std::vector<float> kSRGBInvOETF = [] {
+    std::vector<float> result;
+    float increment = 1.0 / kSRGBInvOETFNumEntries;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < kSRGBInvOETFNumEntries; idx++, value += increment) {
+      result.push_back(srgbInvOetf(value));
+    }
+    return result;
+}();
+
+// Use Shepard's method for inverse distance weighting. For more information:
+// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_distance_weighting#Shepard's_method
+
+float ShepardsIDW::euclideanDistance(float x1, float x2, float y1, float y2) {
+  return sqrt(((y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1)) + (x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1));
+}
+
+void ShepardsIDW::fillShepardsIDW(float *weights, int incR, int incB) {
+  for (int y = 0; y < mMapScaleFactor; y++) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < mMapScaleFactor; x++) {
+      float pos_x = ((float)x) / mMapScaleFactor;
+      float pos_y = ((float)y) / mMapScaleFactor;
+      int curr_x = floor(pos_x);
+      int curr_y = floor(pos_y);
+      int next_x = curr_x + incR;
+      int next_y = curr_y + incB;
+      float e1_distance = euclideanDistance(pos_x, curr_x, pos_y, curr_y);
+      int index = y * mMapScaleFactor * 4 + x * 4;
+      if (e1_distance == 0) {
+        weights[index++] = 1.f;
+        weights[index++] = 0.f;
+        weights[index++] = 0.f;
+        weights[index++] = 0.f;
+      } else {
+        float e1_weight = 1.f / e1_distance;
+
+        float e2_distance = euclideanDistance(pos_x, curr_x, pos_y, next_y);
+        float e2_weight = 1.f / e2_distance;
+
+        float e3_distance = euclideanDistance(pos_x, next_x, pos_y, curr_y);
+        float e3_weight = 1.f / e3_distance;
+
+        float e4_distance = euclideanDistance(pos_x, next_x, pos_y, next_y);
+        float e4_weight = 1.f / e4_distance;
+
+        float total_weight = e1_weight + e2_weight + e3_weight + e4_weight;
+
+        weights[index++] = e1_weight / total_weight;
+        weights[index++] = e2_weight / total_weight;
+        weights[index++] = e3_weight / total_weight;
+        weights[index++] = e4_weight / total_weight;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // sRGB transformations
 
+static const float kMaxPixelFloat = 1.0f;
+static float clampPixelFloat(float value) {
+    return (value < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : (value > kMaxPixelFloat) ? kMaxPixelFloat : value;
+}
+
 // See IEC 61966-2-1, Equation F.7.
 static const float kSrgbR = 0.2126f, kSrgbG = 0.7152f, kSrgbB = 0.0722f;
 
@@ -34,9 +149,9 @@
 static const float kSrgbRCr = 1.402f, kSrgbGCb = 0.34414f, kSrgbGCr = 0.71414f, kSrgbBCb = 1.772f;
 
 Color srgbYuvToRgb(Color e_gamma) {
-  return {{{ e_gamma.y + kSrgbRCr * e_gamma.v,
-             e_gamma.y - kSrgbGCb * e_gamma.u - kSrgbGCr * e_gamma.v,
-             e_gamma.y + kSrgbBCb * e_gamma.u }}};
+  return {{{ clampPixelFloat(e_gamma.y + kSrgbRCr * e_gamma.v),
+             clampPixelFloat(e_gamma.y - kSrgbGCb * e_gamma.u - kSrgbGCr * e_gamma.v),
+             clampPixelFloat(e_gamma.y + kSrgbBCb * e_gamma.u) }}};
 }
 
 // See ECMA TR/98, Section 7.
@@ -65,6 +180,19 @@
              srgbInvOetf(e_gamma.b) }}};
 }
 
+// See IEC 61966-2-1, Equations F.5 and F.6.
+float srgbInvOetfLUT(float e_gamma) {
+  uint32_t value = static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma * kSRGBInvOETFNumEntries);
+  //TODO() : Remove once conversion modules have appropriate clamping in place
+  value = CLIP3(value, 0, kSRGBInvOETFNumEntries - 1);
+  return kSRGBInvOETF[value];
+}
+
+Color srgbInvOetfLUT(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ srgbInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.r),
+             srgbInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.g),
+             srgbInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.b) }}};
+}
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Display-P3 transformations
@@ -122,9 +250,9 @@
 static const float kBt2100GCr = kBt2100R * kBt2100Cr / kBt2100G;
 
 Color bt2100YuvToRgb(Color e_gamma) {
-  return {{{ e_gamma.y + kBt2100Cr * e_gamma.v,
-             e_gamma.y - kBt2100GCb * e_gamma.u - kBt2100GCr * e_gamma.v,
-             e_gamma.y + kBt2100Cb * e_gamma.u }}};
+  return {{{ clampPixelFloat(e_gamma.y + kBt2100Cr * e_gamma.v),
+             clampPixelFloat(e_gamma.y - kBt2100GCb * e_gamma.u - kBt2100GCr * e_gamma.v),
+             clampPixelFloat(e_gamma.y + kBt2100Cb * e_gamma.u) }}};
 }
 
 // See ITU-R BT.2100-2, Table 5, HLG Reference OETF.
@@ -142,6 +270,18 @@
   return {{{ hlgOetf(e.r), hlgOetf(e.g), hlgOetf(e.b) }}};
 }
 
+float hlgOetfLUT(float e) {
+  uint32_t value = static_cast<uint32_t>(e * kHlgOETFNumEntries);
+  //TODO() : Remove once conversion modules have appropriate clamping in place
+  value = CLIP3(value, 0, kHlgOETFNumEntries - 1);
+
+  return kHlgOETF[value];
+}
+
+Color hlgOetfLUT(Color e) {
+  return {{{ hlgOetfLUT(e.r), hlgOetfLUT(e.g), hlgOetfLUT(e.b) }}};
+}
+
 // See ITU-R BT.2100-2, Table 5, HLG Reference EOTF.
 float hlgInvOetf(float e_gamma) {
   if (e_gamma <= 0.5f) {
@@ -157,6 +297,20 @@
              hlgInvOetf(e_gamma.b) }}};
 }
 
+float hlgInvOetfLUT(float e_gamma) {
+  uint32_t value = static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma * kHlgInvOETFNumEntries);
+  //TODO() : Remove once conversion modules have appropriate clamping in place
+  value = CLIP3(value, 0, kHlgInvOETFNumEntries - 1);
+
+  return kHlgInvOETF[value];
+}
+
+Color hlgInvOetfLUT(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ hlgInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.r),
+             hlgInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.g),
+             hlgInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.b) }}};
+}
+
 // See ITU-R BT.2100-2, Table 4, Reference PQ OETF.
 static const float kPqM1 = 2610.0f / 16384.0f, kPqM2 = 2523.0f / 4096.0f * 128.0f;
 static const float kPqC1 = 3424.0f / 4096.0f, kPqC2 = 2413.0f / 4096.0f * 32.0f,
@@ -172,6 +326,18 @@
   return {{{ pqOetf(e.r), pqOetf(e.g), pqOetf(e.b) }}};
 }
 
+float pqOetfLUT(float e) {
+  uint32_t value = static_cast<uint32_t>(e * kPqOETFNumEntries);
+  //TODO() : Remove once conversion modules have appropriate clamping in place
+  value = CLIP3(value, 0, kPqOETFNumEntries - 1);
+
+  return kPqOETF[value];
+}
+
+Color pqOetfLUT(Color e) {
+  return {{{ pqOetfLUT(e.r), pqOetfLUT(e.g), pqOetfLUT(e.b) }}};
+}
+
 // Derived from the inverse of the Reference PQ OETF.
 static const float kPqInvA = 128.0f, kPqInvB = 107.0f, kPqInvC = 2413.0f, kPqInvD = 2392.0f,
                    kPqInvE = 6.2773946361f, kPqInvF = 0.0126833f;
@@ -192,6 +358,20 @@
              pqInvOetf(e_gamma.b) }}};
 }
 
+float pqInvOetfLUT(float e_gamma) {
+  uint32_t value = static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma * kPqInvOETFNumEntries);
+  //TODO() : Remove once conversion modules have appropriate clamping in place
+  value = CLIP3(value, 0, kPqInvOETFNumEntries - 1);
+
+  return kPqInvOETF[value];
+}
+
+Color pqInvOetfLUT(Color e_gamma) {
+  return {{{ pqInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.r),
+             pqInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.g),
+             pqInvOetfLUT(e_gamma.b) }}};
+}
+
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Color conversions
@@ -294,15 +474,14 @@
   return static_cast<uint8_t>(log2(gain) / log2(hdr_ratio) * 127.5f  + 127.5f);
 }
 
-static float applyRecovery(float e, float recovery, float hdr_ratio) {
-  if (e <= 0.0f) return 0.0f;
-  return exp2(log2(e) + recovery * log2(hdr_ratio));
+Color applyRecovery(Color e, float recovery, float hdr_ratio) {
+  float recoveryFactor = pow(hdr_ratio, recovery);
+  return e * recoveryFactor;
 }
 
-Color applyRecovery(Color e, float recovery, float hdr_ratio) {
-  return {{{ applyRecovery(e.r, recovery, hdr_ratio),
-             applyRecovery(e.g, recovery, hdr_ratio),
-             applyRecovery(e.b, recovery, hdr_ratio) }}};
+Color applyRecoveryLUT(Color e, float recovery, RecoveryLUT& recoveryLUT) {
+  float recoveryFactor = recoveryLUT.getRecoveryFactor(recovery);
+  return e * recoveryFactor;
 }
 
 Color getYuv420Pixel(jr_uncompressed_ptr image, size_t x, size_t y) {
@@ -378,6 +557,7 @@
   return sqrt(pow(x_diff, 2.0f) + pow(y_diff, 2.0f));
 }
 
+// TODO: If map_scale_factor is guaranteed to be an integer, then remove the following.
 float sampleMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y) {
   float x_map = static_cast<float>(x) / static_cast<float>(map_scale_factor);
   float y_map = static_cast<float>(y) / static_cast<float>(map_scale_factor);
@@ -427,6 +607,39 @@
        + e4 * (e4_weight / total_weight);
 }
 
+float sampleMap(jr_uncompressed_ptr map, size_t map_scale_factor, size_t x, size_t y,
+                ShepardsIDW& weightTables) {
+  // TODO: If map_scale_factor is guaranteed to be an integer power of 2, then optimize the
+  // following by computing log2(map_scale_factor) once and then using >> log2(map_scale_factor)
+  int x_lower = x / map_scale_factor;
+  int x_upper = x_lower + 1;
+  int y_lower = y / map_scale_factor;
+  int y_upper = y_lower + 1;
+
+  x_lower = std::min(x_lower, map->width - 1);
+  x_upper = std::min(x_upper, map->width - 1);
+  y_lower = std::min(y_lower, map->height - 1);
+  y_upper = std::min(y_upper, map->height - 1);
+
+  float e1 = mapUintToFloat(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map->data)[x_lower + y_lower * map->width]);
+  float e2 = mapUintToFloat(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map->data)[x_lower + y_upper * map->width]);
+  float e3 = mapUintToFloat(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map->data)[x_upper + y_lower * map->width]);
+  float e4 = mapUintToFloat(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map->data)[x_upper + y_upper * map->width]);
+
+  // TODO: If map_scale_factor is guaranteed to be an integer power of 2, then optimize the
+  // following by using & (map_scale_factor - 1)
+  int offset_x = x % map_scale_factor;
+  int offset_y = y % map_scale_factor;
+
+  float* weights = weightTables.mWeights;
+  if (x_lower == x_upper && y_lower == y_upper) weights = weightTables.mWeightsC;
+  else if (x_lower == x_upper) weights = weightTables.mWeightsNR;
+  else if (y_lower == y_upper) weights = weightTables.mWeightsNB;
+  weights += offset_y * map_scale_factor * 4 + offset_x * 4;
+
+  return e1 * weights[0] + e2 * weights[1] + e3 * weights[2] + e4 * weights[3];
+}
+
 uint32_t colorToRgba1010102(Color e_gamma) {
   return (0x3ff & static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma.r * 1023.0f))
        | ((0x3ff & static_cast<uint32_t>(e_gamma.g * 1023.0f)) << 10)
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.cpp
index 63b25f7..d5ad9a5 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h>
-#include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h>
 #include <image_io/xml/xml_reader.h>
 #include <image_io/xml/xml_writer.h>
 #include <image_io/base/message_handler.h>
@@ -23,6 +22,8 @@
 #include <image_io/xml/xml_handler.h>
 #include <image_io/xml/xml_rule.h>
 
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
 using namespace photos_editing_formats::image_io;
 using namespace std;
 
@@ -41,6 +42,25 @@
   return ss.str();
 }
 
+/*
+ * Helper function used for writing data to destination.
+ */
+status_t Write(jr_compressed_ptr destination, const void* source, size_t length, int &position) {
+  if (position + length > destination->maxLength) {
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+  }
+
+  memcpy((uint8_t*)destination->data + sizeof(uint8_t) * position, source, length);
+  position += length;
+  return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t Write(jr_exif_ptr destination, const void* source, size_t length, int &position) {
+  memcpy((uint8_t*)destination->data + sizeof(uint8_t) * position, source, length);
+  position += length;
+  return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 // Extremely simple XML Handler - just searches for interesting elements
 class XMPXmlHandler : public XmlHandler {
 public:
@@ -148,41 +168,58 @@
     ParseState          gContainerItemState;
 };
 
-const string XMPXmlHandler::gContainerItemName = "GContainer:Item";
-const string XMPXmlHandler::rangeScalingFactorAttrName = "RecoveryMap:RangeScalingFactor";
-const string XMPXmlHandler::transferFunctionAttrName = "RecoveryMap:TransferFunction";
+// GContainer XMP constants - URI and namespace prefix
+const string kContainerUri        = "http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/container/";
+const string kContainerPrefix     = "GContainer";
 
+// GContainer XMP constants - element and attribute names
+const string kConDirectory            = Name(kContainerPrefix, "Directory");
+const string kConItem                 = Name(kContainerPrefix, "Item");
+const string kConItemLength           = Name(kContainerPrefix, "ItemLength");
+const string kConItemMime             = Name(kContainerPrefix, "ItemMime");
+const string kConItemSemantic         = Name(kContainerPrefix, "ItemSemantic");
+const string kConVersion              = Name(kContainerPrefix, "Version");
 
-const string kContainerPrefix   = "GContainer";
-const string kContainerUri      = "http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/container/";
-const string kRecoveryMapUri    = "http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/recoverymap/";
-const string kItemPrefix        = "Item";
-const string kRecoveryMap       = "RecoveryMap";
-const string kDirectory         = "Directory";
-const string kImageJpeg         = "image/jpeg";
-const string kItem              = "Item";
-const string kLength            = "Length";
-const string kMime              = "Mime";
-const string kPrimary           = "Primary";
-const string kSemantic          = "Semantic";
-const string kVersion           = "Version";
-const string kHdr10Metadata     = "HDR10Metadata";
-const string kSt2086Metadata    = "ST2086Metadata";
-const string kSt2086Coordinate  = "ST2086Coordinate";
-const string kSt2086CoordinateX = "ST2086CoordinateX";
-const string kSt2086CoordinateY = "ST2086CoordinateY";
-const string kSt2086Primary     = "ST2086Primary";
-const int kSt2086PrimaryRed     = 0;
-const int kSt2086PrimaryGreen   = 1;
-const int kSt2086PrimaryBlue    = 2;
-const int kSt2086PrimaryWhite   = 3;
-const int kGContainerVersion    = 1;
+// GContainer XMP constants - element and attribute values
+const string kSemanticPrimary     = "Primary";
+const string kSemanticRecoveryMap = "RecoveryMap";
+const string kMimeImageJpeg       = "image/jpeg";
 
-const string kConDir            = Name(kContainerPrefix, kDirectory);
-const string kContainerItem     = Name(kContainerPrefix, kItem);
-const string kItemLength        = Name(kItemPrefix, kLength);
-const string kItemMime          = Name(kItemPrefix, kMime);
-const string kItemSemantic      = Name(kItemPrefix, kSemantic);
+const int kGContainerVersion      = 1;
+
+// GContainer XMP constants - names for XMP handlers
+const string XMPXmlHandler::gContainerItemName = kConItem;
+
+// RecoveryMap XMP constants - URI and namespace prefix
+const string kRecoveryMapUri      = "http://ns.google.com/photos/1.0/recoverymap/";
+const string kRecoveryMapPrefix   = "RecoveryMap";
+
+// RecoveryMap XMP constants - element and attribute names
+const string kMapRangeScalingFactor = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "RangeScalingFactor");
+const string kMapTransferFunction   = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "TransferFunction");
+const string kMapVersion            = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "Version");
+
+const string kMapHdr10Metadata      = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "HDR10Metadata");
+const string kMapHdr10MaxFall       = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "HDR10MaxFALL");
+const string kMapHdr10MaxCll        = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "HDR10MaxCLL");
+
+const string kMapSt2086Metadata     = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "ST2086Metadata");
+const string kMapSt2086MaxLum       = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "ST2086MaxLuminance");
+const string kMapSt2086MinLum       = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "ST2086MinLuminance");
+const string kMapSt2086Primary      = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "ST2086Primary");
+const string kMapSt2086Coordinate   = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "ST2086Coordinate");
+const string kMapSt2086CoordinateX  = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "ST2086CoordinateX");
+const string kMapSt2086CoordinateY  = Name(kRecoveryMapPrefix, "ST2086CoordinateY");
+
+// RecoveryMap XMP constants - element and attribute values
+const int kSt2086PrimaryRed       = 0;
+const int kSt2086PrimaryGreen     = 1;
+const int kSt2086PrimaryBlue      = 2;
+const int kSt2086PrimaryWhite     = 3;
+
+// RecoveryMap XMP constants - names for XMP handlers
+const string XMPXmlHandler::rangeScalingFactorAttrName = kMapRangeScalingFactor;
+const string XMPXmlHandler::transferFunctionAttrName = kMapTransferFunction;
 
 bool getMetadataFromXMP(uint8_t* xmp_data, size_t xmp_size, jpegr_metadata* metadata) {
     string nameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0";
@@ -230,8 +267,8 @@
 }
 
 string generateXmp(int secondary_image_length, jpegr_metadata& metadata) {
-  const vector<string> kConDirSeq({kConDir, string("rdf:Seq")});
-  const vector<string> kLiItem({string("rdf:li"), kContainerItem});
+  const vector<string> kConDirSeq({kConDirectory, string("rdf:Seq")});
+  const vector<string> kLiItem({string("rdf:li"), kConItem});
 
   std::stringstream ss;
   photos_editing_formats::image_io::XmlWriter writer(ss);
@@ -242,83 +279,250 @@
   writer.WriteXmlns("rdf", "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#");
   writer.StartWritingElement("rdf:Description");
   writer.WriteXmlns(kContainerPrefix, kContainerUri);
-  writer.WriteXmlns(kRecoveryMap, kRecoveryMapUri);
-  writer.WriteElementAndContent(Name(kContainerPrefix, kVersion), kGContainerVersion);
+  writer.WriteXmlns(kRecoveryMapPrefix, kRecoveryMapUri);
+  writer.WriteElementAndContent(kConVersion, kGContainerVersion);
   writer.StartWritingElements(kConDirSeq);
   size_t item_depth = writer.StartWritingElements(kLiItem);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kItemSemantic, kPrimary);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kItemMime, kImageJpeg);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(Name(kRecoveryMap, kVersion), metadata.version);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-      Name(kRecoveryMap, "RangeScalingFactor"), metadata.rangeScalingFactor);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-      Name(kRecoveryMap, "TransferFunction"), metadata.transferFunction);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kConItemSemantic, kSemanticPrimary);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kConItemMime, kMimeImageJpeg);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapVersion, metadata.version);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapRangeScalingFactor, metadata.rangeScalingFactor);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapTransferFunction, metadata.transferFunction);
   if (metadata.transferFunction == JPEGR_TF_PQ) {
-    writer.StartWritingElement(Name(kRecoveryMap, kHdr10Metadata));
+    writer.StartWritingElement(kMapHdr10Metadata);
+    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapHdr10MaxFall, metadata.hdr10Metadata.maxFALL);
+    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapHdr10MaxCll, metadata.hdr10Metadata.maxCLL);
+    writer.StartWritingElement(kMapSt2086Metadata);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, "HDR10MaxFALL"), metadata.hdr10Metadata.maxFALL);
+        kMapSt2086MaxLum, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.maxLuminance);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, "HDR10MaxCLL"), metadata.hdr10Metadata.maxCLL);
-    writer.StartWritingElement(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Metadata));
-    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, "ST2086MaxLuminance"),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.maxLuminance);
-    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, "ST2086MinLuminance"),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.minLuminance);
+        kMapSt2086MinLum, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.minLuminance);
 
     // red
-    writer.StartWritingElement(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Coordinate));
-    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Primary), kSt2086PrimaryRed);
+    writer.StartWritingElement(kMapSt2086Coordinate);
+    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapSt2086Primary, kSt2086PrimaryRed);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateX),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.redPrimary.x);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateX, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.redPrimary.x);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateY),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.redPrimary.y);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateY, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.redPrimary.y);
     writer.FinishWritingElement();
 
     // green
-    writer.StartWritingElement(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Coordinate));
-    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Primary), kSt2086PrimaryGreen);
+    writer.StartWritingElement(kMapSt2086Coordinate);
+    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapSt2086Primary, kSt2086PrimaryGreen);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateX),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.greenPrimary.x);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateX, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.greenPrimary.x);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateY),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.greenPrimary.y);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateY, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.greenPrimary.y);
     writer.FinishWritingElement();
 
     // blue
-    writer.StartWritingElement(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Coordinate));
-    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Primary), kSt2086PrimaryBlue);
+    writer.StartWritingElement(kMapSt2086Coordinate);
+    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapSt2086Primary, kSt2086PrimaryBlue);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateX),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.bluePrimary.x);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateX, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.bluePrimary.x);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateY),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.bluePrimary.y);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateY, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.bluePrimary.y);
     writer.FinishWritingElement();
 
     // white
-    writer.StartWritingElement(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Coordinate));
-    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086Primary), kSt2086PrimaryWhite);
+    writer.StartWritingElement(kMapSt2086Coordinate);
+    writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kMapSt2086Primary, kSt2086PrimaryWhite);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateX),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.whitePoint.x);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateX, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.whitePoint.x);
     writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(
-        Name(kRecoveryMap, kSt2086CoordinateY),
-        metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.whitePoint.y);
+        kMapSt2086CoordinateY, metadata.hdr10Metadata.st2086Metadata.whitePoint.y);
     writer.FinishWritingElement();
   }
   writer.FinishWritingElementsToDepth(item_depth);
   writer.StartWritingElements(kLiItem);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kItemSemantic, kRecoveryMap);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kItemMime, kImageJpeg);
-  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kItemLength, secondary_image_length);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kConItemSemantic, kSemanticRecoveryMap);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kConItemMime, kMimeImageJpeg);
+  writer.WriteAttributeNameAndValue(kConItemLength, secondary_image_length);
   writer.FinishWriting();
 
   return ss.str();
 }
 
+/*
+ * Helper function
+ * Add J R entry to existing exif, or create a new one with J R entry if it's null.
+ */
+status_t updateExif(jr_exif_ptr exif, jr_exif_ptr dest) {
+  if (exif == nullptr || exif->data == nullptr) {
+    uint8_t data[PSEUDO_EXIF_PACKAGE_LENGTH] = {
+        0x45, 0x78, 0x69, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x49, 0x49, 0x2A, 0x00,
+        0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x01, 0x00,
+        0x4A, 0x52,
+        0x07, 0x00,
+        0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+    int pos = 0;
+    Write(dest, data, PSEUDO_EXIF_PACKAGE_LENGTH, pos);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  int num_entry = 0;
+  uint8_t num_entry_low = 0;
+  uint8_t num_entry_high = 0;
+  bool use_big_endian = false;
+  if (reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(exif->data)[3] == 0x4949) {
+      num_entry_low = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[14];
+      num_entry_high = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[15];
+  } else if (reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(exif->data)[3] == 0x4d4d) {
+      use_big_endian = true;
+      num_entry_high = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[14];
+      num_entry_low = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[15];
+  } else {
+      return ERROR_JPEGR_METADATA_ERROR;
+  }
+  num_entry = (num_entry_high << 8) | num_entry_low;
+  num_entry += 1;
+  num_entry_low = num_entry & 0xff;
+  num_entry_high = (num_entry >> 8) & 0xff;
+
+  int pos = 0;
+  Write(dest, (uint8_t*)exif->data, 14, pos);
+
+  if (use_big_endian) {
+    Write(dest, &num_entry_high, 1, pos);
+    Write(dest, &num_entry_low, 1, pos);
+    uint8_t data[EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH] = {
+          0x4A, 0x52,
+          0x00, 0x07,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+    Write(dest, data, EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH, pos);
+  } else {
+    Write(dest, &num_entry_low, 1, pos);
+    Write(dest, &num_entry_high, 1, pos);
+    uint8_t data[EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH] = {
+          0x4A, 0x52,
+          0x07, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+    Write(dest, data, EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH, pos);
+  }
+
+  Write(dest, (uint8_t*)exif->data + 16, exif->length - 16, pos);
+
+  updateExifOffsets(dest,
+                    28, // start from the second tag, skip the "JR" tag
+                    num_entry - 1,
+                    use_big_endian);
+
+  return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function
+ * Modify offsets in EXIF in place.
+ */
+void updateExifOffsets(jr_exif_ptr exif, int pos, bool use_big_endian) {
+  int num_entry = readValue(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data), pos, 2, use_big_endian);
+  updateExifOffsets(exif, pos + 2, num_entry, use_big_endian);
+}
+
+void updateExifOffsets(jr_exif_ptr exif, int pos, int num_entry, bool use_big_endian) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_entry; pos += EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH, i++) {
+    int tag = readValue(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data), pos, 2, use_big_endian);
+    bool need_to_update_offset = false;
+    if (tag == 0x8769) {
+      need_to_update_offset = true;
+      int sub_ifd_offset =
+              readValue(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data), pos + 8, 4, use_big_endian)
+              + 6  // "Exif\0\0";
+              + EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH;
+      updateExifOffsets(exif, sub_ifd_offset, use_big_endian);
+    } else {
+      int data_format =
+              readValue(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data), pos + 2, 2, use_big_endian);
+      int num_of_components =
+              readValue(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data), pos + 4, 4, use_big_endian);
+      int data_length = findFormatLengthInBytes(data_format) * num_of_components;
+      if (data_length > 4) {
+        need_to_update_offset = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!need_to_update_offset) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    int offset = readValue(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data), pos + 8, 4, use_big_endian);
+
+    offset += EXIF_J_R_ENTRY_LENGTH;
+
+    if (use_big_endian) {
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 11] = offset & 0xff;
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 10] = (offset >> 8) & 0xff;
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 9] = (offset >> 16) & 0xff;
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 8] = (offset >> 24) & 0xff;
+    } else {
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 8] = offset & 0xff;
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 9] = (offset >> 8) & 0xff;
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 10] = (offset >> 16) & 0xff;
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(exif->data)[pos + 11] = (offset >> 24) & 0xff;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read data from the target position and target length in bytes;
+ */
+int readValue(uint8_t* data, int pos, int length, bool use_big_endian) {
+  if (length == 2) {
+    if (use_big_endian) {
+      return (data[pos] << 8) | data[pos + 1];
+    } else {
+      return (data[pos + 1] << 8) | data[pos];
+    }
+  } else if (length == 4) {
+    if (use_big_endian) {
+      return (data[pos] << 24) | (data[pos + 1] << 16) | (data[pos + 2] << 8) | data[pos + 3];
+    } else {
+      return (data[pos + 3] << 24) | (data[pos + 2] << 16) | (data[pos + 1] << 8) | data[pos];
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Not support for now.
+    ALOGE("Error in readValue(): pos=%d, length=%d", pos, length);
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function
+ * Returns the length of data format in bytes
+ */
+int findFormatLengthInBytes(int data_format) {
+  switch (data_format) {
+    case 1:  // unsigned byte
+    case 2:  // ascii strings
+    case 6:  // signed byte
+    case 7:  // undefined
+      return 1;
+
+    case 3:  // unsigned short
+    case 8:  // signed short
+      return 2;
+
+    case 4:  // unsigned long
+    case 9:  // signed long
+    case 11:  // single float
+      return 4;
+
+    case 5:  // unsigned rational
+    case 10:  // signed rational
+    case 12:  // double float
+      return 8;
+
+    default:
+      // should not hit here
+      ALOGE("Error in findFormatLengthInBytes(): data_format=%d", data_format);
+      return -1;
+  }
+}
+
 } // namespace android::recoverymap
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
index b509478..39445f8 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/Android.bp
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libjpeg",
+        "libimage_io",
         "liblog",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "libimage_io",
         "libgmock",
         "libgtest",
         "libjpegdecoder",
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp
index 8ff12fb..dfab76a 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymap_test.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymap.h>
+#include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymapmath.h>
 #include <jpegrecoverymap/recoverymaputils.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fstream>
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
 
 #define SAVE_ENCODING_RESULT true
 #define SAVE_DECODING_RESULT true
+#define SAVE_INPUT_RGBA true
 
 namespace android::recoverymap {
 
@@ -104,13 +106,22 @@
   metadata_expected.transferFunction = JPEGR_TF_HLG;
   metadata_expected.rangeScalingFactor = 1.25;
   int length_expected = 1000;
+  const std::string nameSpace = "http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\0";
+  const int nameSpaceLength = nameSpace.size() + 1;  // need to count the null terminator
+
   std::string xmp = generateXmp(1000, metadata_expected);
 
+  std::vector<uint8_t> xmpData;
+  xmpData.reserve(nameSpaceLength + xmp.size());
+  xmpData.insert(xmpData.end(), reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(nameSpace.c_str()),
+                  reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(nameSpace.c_str()) + nameSpaceLength);
+  xmpData.insert(xmpData.end(), reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(xmp.c_str()),
+                  reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(xmp.c_str()) + xmp.size());
+
   jpegr_metadata metadata_read;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(getMetadataFromXMP(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(xmp[0]), xmp.size(), &metadata_read));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(getMetadataFromXMP(xmpData.data(), xmpData.size(), &metadata_read));
   ASSERT_EQ(metadata_expected.transferFunction, metadata_read.transferFunction);
   ASSERT_EQ(metadata_expected.rangeScalingFactor, metadata_read.rangeScalingFactor);
-
 }
 
 /* Test Encode API-0 and decode */
@@ -304,6 +315,29 @@
   mRawP010Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
   mRawP010Image.colorGamut = jpegr_color_gamut::JPEGR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
 
+  if (SAVE_INPUT_RGBA) {
+    size_t rgbaSize = mRawP010Image.width * mRawP010Image.height * sizeof(uint32_t);
+    uint32_t *data = (uint32_t *)malloc(rgbaSize);
+
+    for (size_t y = 0; y < mRawP010Image.height; ++y) {
+      for (size_t x = 0; x < mRawP010Image.width; ++x) {
+        Color hdr_yuv_gamma = getP010Pixel(&mRawP010Image, x, y);
+        Color hdr_rgb_gamma = bt2100YuvToRgb(hdr_yuv_gamma);
+        uint32_t rgba1010102 = colorToRgba1010102(hdr_rgb_gamma);
+        size_t pixel_idx =  x + y * mRawP010Image.width;
+        reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(data)[pixel_idx] = rgba1010102;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Output image data to file
+    std::string filePath = "/sdcard/Documents/input_from_p010.rgb10";
+    std::ofstream imageFile(filePath.c_str(), std::ofstream::binary);
+    if (!imageFile.is_open()) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Unable to create file %s", __FUNCTION__, filePath.c_str());
+    }
+    imageFile.write((const char*)data, rgbaSize);
+    free(data);
+  }
   if (!loadFile(JPEG_IMAGE, mJpegImage.data, &mJpegImage.length)) {
     FAIL() << "Load file " << JPEG_IMAGE << " failed";
   }
diff --git a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymapmath_test.cpp b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymapmath_test.cpp
index f8dd490..1d522d1 100644
--- a/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymapmath_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/jpegrecoverymap/tests/recoverymapmath_test.cpp
@@ -517,6 +517,65 @@
   EXPECT_RGB_NEAR(pqInvOetf(e_gamma), e);
 }
 
+TEST_F(RecoveryMapMathTest, PqInvOetfLUT) {
+    float increment = 1.0 / 1024.0;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < 1024; idx++, value += increment) {
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(pqInvOetf(value), pqInvOetfLUT(value));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RecoveryMapMathTest, HlgInvOetfLUT) {
+    float increment = 1.0 / 1024.0;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < 1024; idx++, value += increment) {
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(hlgInvOetf(value), hlgInvOetfLUT(value));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RecoveryMapMathTest, pqOetfLUT) {
+    float increment = 1.0 / 1024.0;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < 1024; idx++, value += increment) {
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(pqOetf(value), pqOetfLUT(value));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RecoveryMapMathTest, hlgOetfLUT) {
+    float increment = 1.0 / 1024.0;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < 1024; idx++, value += increment) {
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(hlgOetf(value), hlgOetfLUT(value));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RecoveryMapMathTest, srgbInvOetfLUT) {
+    float increment = 1.0 / 1024.0;
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < 1024; idx++, value += increment) {
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(srgbInvOetf(value), srgbInvOetfLUT(value));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RecoveryMapMathTest, applyRecoveryLUT) {
+  float increment = 2.0 / kRecoveryFactorNumEntries;
+  for (float hdrRatio = 1.0f; hdrRatio <= 10.0f; hdrRatio += 1.0f)  {
+    RecoveryLUT recoveryLUT(hdrRatio);
+    for (float value = -1.0f; value <= -1.0f; value += increment) {
+      EXPECT_RGB_NEAR(applyRecovery(RgbBlack(), value, hdrRatio),
+                      applyRecoveryLUT(RgbBlack(), value, recoveryLUT));
+      EXPECT_RGB_NEAR(applyRecovery(RgbWhite(), value, hdrRatio),
+                      applyRecoveryLUT(RgbWhite(), value, recoveryLUT));
+      EXPECT_RGB_NEAR(applyRecovery(RgbRed(), value, hdrRatio),
+                      applyRecoveryLUT(RgbRed(), value, recoveryLUT));
+      EXPECT_RGB_NEAR(applyRecovery(RgbGreen(), value, hdrRatio),
+                      applyRecoveryLUT(RgbGreen(), value, recoveryLUT));
+      EXPECT_RGB_NEAR(applyRecovery(RgbBlue(), value, hdrRatio),
+                      applyRecoveryLUT(RgbBlue(), value, recoveryLUT));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 TEST_F(RecoveryMapMathTest, PqTransferFunctionRoundtrip) {
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(pqInvOetf(pqOetf(0.0f)), 0.0f);
   EXPECT_NEAR(pqInvOetf(pqOetf(0.01f)), 0.01f, ComparisonEpsilon());
@@ -699,6 +758,7 @@
   float (*values)[4] = MapValues();
 
   static const size_t kMapScaleFactor = 2;
+  ShepardsIDW idwTable(kMapScaleFactor);
   for (size_t y = 0; y < 4 * kMapScaleFactor; ++y) {
     for (size_t x = 0; x < 4 * kMapScaleFactor; ++x) {
       size_t x_base = x / kMapScaleFactor;
@@ -725,7 +785,7 @@
       // Instead of reimplementing the sampling algorithm, confirm that the
       // sample output is within the range of the min and max of the nearest
       // points.
-      EXPECT_THAT(sampleMap(&image, kMapScaleFactor, x, y),
+      EXPECT_THAT(sampleMap(&image, kMapScaleFactor, x, y, idwTable),
                   testing::AllOf(testing::Ge(min), testing::Le(max)));
     }
   }
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h
index b2e8bea..85a5249 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h
@@ -311,6 +311,16 @@
      */
     AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_MIPMAP_COMPLETE   = 1UL << 26,
 
+    /**
+     * Usage: The buffer is used for front-buffer rendering. When
+     * front-buffering rendering is specified, different usages may adjust their
+     * behavior as a result. For example, when used as GPU_COLOR_OUTPUT the buffer
+     * will behave similar to a single-buffered window. When used with
+     * COMPOSER_OVERLAY, the system will try to prioritize the buffer receiving
+     * an overlay plane & avoid caching it in intermediate composition buffers.
+     */
+    AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_FRONT_BUFFER = 1UL << 32,
+
     AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_VENDOR_0  = 1ULL << 28,
     AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_VENDOR_1  = 1ULL << 29,
     AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_VENDOR_2  = 1ULL << 30,
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
index c7745e6..6c54635 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
@@ -1067,11 +1067,12 @@
 }
 
 static inline int native_window_set_frame_timeline_info(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                                                        uint64_t frameNumber,
                                                         int64_t frameTimelineVsyncId,
                                                         int32_t inputEventId,
                                                         int64_t startTimeNanos) {
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_FRAME_TIMELINE_INFO, frameTimelineVsyncId,
-                           inputEventId, startTimeNanos);
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_FRAME_TIMELINE_INFO, frameNumber,
+                           frameTimelineVsyncId, inputEventId, startTimeNanos);
 }
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
index b8fd1b2..8d19c45 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
@@ -133,8 +133,6 @@
         "-fvisibility=hidden",
         "-Werror=format",
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
-        // TODO: Investigate reducing pinned-memory usage (b/263377839)
-        "-DRE_SKIAVK",
     ],
     srcs: [
         ":librenderengine_sources",
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
index 341c011..d08c221 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
@@ -39,12 +39,8 @@
             ALOGD("RenderEngine with SkiaGL Backend");
             return renderengine::skia::SkiaGLRenderEngine::create(args);
         case RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK:
-#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
             ALOGD("RenderEngine with SkiaVK Backend");
             return renderengine::skia::SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(args);
-#else
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Requested VK backend, but RE_SKIAVK is not defined!");
-#endif
         case RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED: {
             ALOGD("Threaded RenderEngine with SkiaGL Backend");
             return renderengine::threaded::RenderEngineThreaded::create(
@@ -54,16 +50,12 @@
                     args.renderEngineType);
         }
         case RenderEngineType::SKIA_VK_THREADED:
-#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
             ALOGD("Threaded RenderEngine with SkiaVK Backend");
             return renderengine::threaded::RenderEngineThreaded::create(
                     [args]() {
                         return android::renderengine::skia::SkiaVkRenderEngine::create(args);
                     },
                     args.renderEngineType);
-#else
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Requested VK backend, but RE_SKIAVK is not defined!");
-#endif
         case RenderEngineType::GLES:
         default:
             ALOGD("RenderEngine with GLES Backend");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index 2b8495c..8d99f3d 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// Allow the SkiaVkRenderEngine class to not be compiled, to save space
-// NOTE: In order to build this class, define `RE_SKIAVK` in a build file.
-#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
-
 // #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "RenderEngine"
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@
     GrVkExtensions grExtensions;
     VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2* physicalDeviceFeatures2 = nullptr;
     VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures* samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures = nullptr;
-    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties* protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures* protectedMemoryFeatures = nullptr;
     GrVkGetProc grGetProc;
     bool isProtected;
     bool isRealtimePriority;
@@ -390,7 +386,7 @@
     void** tailPnext = &interface.samplerYcbcrConversionFeatures->pNext;
 
     if (protectedContent) {
-        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties;
+        interface.protectedMemoryFeatures = new VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures;
         interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->sType =
                 VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES;
         interface.protectedMemoryFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
@@ -677,4 +673,3 @@
 } // namespace skia
 } // namespace renderengine
 } // namespace android
-#endif // RE_SKIAVK
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
index 1e42b80..2e0cf45 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.h
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef SF_SKIAVKRENDERENGINE_H_
 #define SF_SKIAVKRENDERENGINE_H_
 
-// Allow the SkiaVkRenderEngine class to not be compiled, to save space
-// NOTE: In order to build this class, define `RE_SKIAVK` in a build file.
-#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
-
 #include <vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
 
 #include "SkiaRenderEngine.h"
@@ -59,5 +55,4 @@
 } // namespace renderengine
 } // namespace android
 
-#endif // RE_SKIAVK
-#endif // SF_SKIAVKRENDERENGINE_H_
+#endif
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
index 7db95a7..f3f2da8 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@
     virtual bool useColorManagement() const = 0;
 };
 
-#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
 class SkiaVkRenderEngineFactory : public RenderEngineFactory {
 public:
     std::string name() override { return "SkiaVkRenderEngineFactory"; }
@@ -153,8 +152,6 @@
 public:
     bool useColorManagement() const override { return true; }
 };
-#endif // RE_SKIAVK
-
 class SkiaGLESRenderEngineFactory : public RenderEngineFactory {
 public:
     std::string name() override { return "SkiaGLRenderEngineFactory"; }
@@ -1560,17 +1557,11 @@
     expectBufferColor(Rect(kGreyLevels, 1), generator, 2);
 }
 
-#ifdef RE_SKIAVK
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerRenderEngineType, RenderEngineTest,
                          testing::Values(std::make_shared<SkiaGLESRenderEngineFactory>(),
                                          std::make_shared<SkiaGLESCMRenderEngineFactory>(),
                                          std::make_shared<SkiaVkRenderEngineFactory>(),
                                          std::make_shared<SkiaVkCMRenderEngineFactory>()));
-#else  // RE_SKIAVK
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerRenderEngineType, RenderEngineTest,
-                         testing::Values(std::make_shared<SkiaGLESRenderEngineFactory>(),
-                                         std::make_shared<SkiaGLESCMRenderEngineFactory>()));
-#endif // RE_SKIAVK
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_noLayersToDraw) {
     if (!GetParam()->typeSupported()) {
diff --git a/libs/ui/include_types/ui/DataspaceUtils.h b/libs/ui/include_types/ui/DataspaceUtils.h
index cd31167..a461cb4 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include_types/ui/DataspaceUtils.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include_types/ui/DataspaceUtils.h
@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@
 
 inline bool isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     const auto transfer = dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK;
-    const auto range = dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_MASK;
 
-    return transfer == HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084 || transfer == HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG ||
-            range == HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_EXTENDED;
+    return transfer == HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084 || transfer == HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG;
 }
 
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/DataspaceUtils_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/DataspaceUtils_test.cpp
index ffe6438..3e09671 100644
--- a/libs/ui/tests/DataspaceUtils_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/DataspaceUtils_test.cpp
@@ -29,13 +29,12 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::BT2020_ITU_PQ));
     EXPECT_TRUE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::BT2020_PQ));
     EXPECT_TRUE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::BT2020_HLG));
-    // The original formulation of scRGB indicates the same white points as that
-    // of sRGB, however scRGB may be used to implement HDR.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_SCRGB_LINEAR));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_SCRGB));
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR));
+    // scRGB defines a very wide gamut but not an expanded luminance range
+    EXPECT_FALSE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_SCRGB_LINEAR));
     EXPECT_FALSE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_SCRGB));
     EXPECT_FALSE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_JFIF));
     EXPECT_FALSE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_BT601_625));
     EXPECT_FALSE(isHdrDataspace(ui::Dataspace::V0_BT601_525));
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
index dd14bcf..34b1251 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
@@ -502,7 +502,6 @@
     void* so = do_android_dlopen_ext(name.c_str(), RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_NOW, &dlextinfo);
 
     if (so) {
-        ALOGD("dlopen_ext from APK (%s) success at %p", name.c_str(), so);
         return so;
     } else {
         ALOGE("dlopen_ext(\"%s\") failed: %s", name.c_str(), dlerror());
diff --git a/services/automotive/display/Android.bp b/services/automotive/display/Android.bp
index 72bd292..614a78e 100644
--- a/services/automotive/display/Android.bp
+++ b/services/automotive/display/Android.bp
@@ -53,4 +53,6 @@
     vintf_fragments: [
         "manifest_android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0.xml",
     ],
+
+    system_ext_specific: true,
 }
diff --git a/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc b/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc
index 5c7f344..ea1077a 100644
--- a/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc
+++ b/services/automotive/display/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service.rc
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-service automotive_display /system/bin/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service
+service automotive_display /system_ext/bin/android.frameworks.automotive.display@1.0-service
     class hal
     user graphics
     group automotive_evs
diff --git a/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryService.h b/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryService.h
index 178bc29..a2e4115 100644
--- a/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryService.h
+++ b/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryService.h
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
     BATTERY_PROP_CAPACITY = 4, // equals BATTERY_PROPERTY_CAPACITY
     BATTERY_PROP_ENERGY_COUNTER = 5, // equals BATTERY_PROPERTY_ENERGY_COUNTER
     BATTERY_PROP_BATTERY_STATUS = 6, // equals BATTERY_PROPERTY_BATTERY_STATUS
+    BATTERY_PROP_CHARGING_POLICY = 7, // equals BATTERY_PROPERTY_CHARGING_POLICY
+    BATTERY_PROP_MANUFACTURING_DATE = 8, // equals BATTERY_PROPERTY_MANUFACTURING_DATE
+    BATTERY_PROP_FIRST_USAGE_DATE = 9, // equals BATTERY_PROPERTY_FIRST_USAGE_DATE
 };
 
 struct BatteryProperties {
diff --git a/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryServiceConstants.h b/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryServiceConstants.h
index 8a90a12..2d7072d 100644
--- a/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryServiceConstants.h
+++ b/services/batteryservice/include/batteryservice/BatteryServiceConstants.h
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-// This file is autogenerated by hidl-gen. Do not edit manually.
-
-#ifndef HIDL_GENERATED_android_hardware_health_V1_0_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
-#define HIDL_GENERATED_android_hardware_health_V1_0_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
+#ifndef AIDL_android_hardware_health_V2_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
+#define AIDL_android_hardware_health_V2_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -15,6 +13,8 @@
     BATTERY_STATUS_FULL = 5,
 };
 
+// must be kept in sync with definitions in
+// hardware/interfaces/health/aidl/android/hardware/health/BatteryHealth.aidl
 enum {
     BATTERY_HEALTH_UNKNOWN = 1,
     BATTERY_HEALTH_GOOD = 2,
@@ -23,10 +23,23 @@
     BATTERY_HEALTH_OVER_VOLTAGE = 5,
     BATTERY_HEALTH_UNSPECIFIED_FAILURE = 6,
     BATTERY_HEALTH_COLD = 7,
+    BATTERY_HEALTH_FAIR = 8,
+    BATTERY_HEALTH_NOT_AVAILABLE = 11,
+    BATTERY_HEALTH_INCONSISTENT = 12,
+};
+
+// must be kept in sync with definitions in
+// hardware/interfaces/health/aidl/android/hardware/health/BatteryChargingState.aidl
+enum {
+    BATTERY_STATUS_NORMAL = 1,
+    BATTERY_STATUS_TOO_COLD = 2,
+    BATTERY_STATUS_TOO_HOT = 3,
+    BATTERY_STATUS_LONG_LIFE = 4,
+    BATTERY_STATUS_ADAPTIVE = 5,
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 
-#endif  // HIDL_GENERATED_android_hardware_health_V1_0_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
+#endif  // AIDL_android_hardware_health_V2_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING b/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING
index 3d7242e..cacf30b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/services/inputflinger/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
       "name": "FrameworksCoreTests",
       "options": [
         {
+          "include-filter": "android.hardware.input",
           "include-filter": "android.view.VerifiedKeyEventTest",
           "include-filter": "android.view.VerifiedMotionEventTest"
         }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index 7bbfb95..ce7c882 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -331,4 +331,28 @@
     return seq;
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const DispatchEntry& entry) {
+    out << "DispatchEntry{resolvedAction=";
+    switch (entry.eventEntry->type) {
+        case EventEntry::Type::KEY: {
+            out << KeyEvent::actionToString(entry.resolvedAction);
+            break;
+        }
+        case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
+            out << MotionEvent::actionToString(entry.resolvedAction);
+            break;
+        }
+        default: {
+            out << "<invalid, not a key or a motion>";
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    std::string transform;
+    entry.transform.dump(transform, "transform");
+    out << ", resolvedFlags=" << entry.resolvedFlags
+        << ", targetFlags=" << entry.targetFlags.string() << ", transform=" << transform
+        << "} original =" << entry.eventEntry->getDescription();
+    return out;
+}
+
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index 3799814..8dc2a2a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@
     static uint32_t nextSeq();
 };
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const DispatchEntry& entry);
+
 VerifiedKeyEvent verifiedKeyEventFromKeyEntry(const KeyEntry& entry);
 VerifiedMotionEvent verifiedMotionEventFromMotionEntry(const MotionEntry& entry,
                                                        const ui::Transform& rawTransform);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 906bb1b..dc9f02a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #define LOG_NDEBUG 1
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android/os/IInputConstants.h>
@@ -554,6 +555,74 @@
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Compare the old touch state to the new touch state, and generate the corresponding touched
+ * windows (== input targets).
+ * If a window had the hovering pointer, but now it doesn't, produce HOVER_EXIT for that window.
+ * If the pointer just entered the new window, produce HOVER_ENTER.
+ * For pointers remaining in the window, produce HOVER_MOVE.
+ */
+std::vector<TouchedWindow> getHoveringWindowsLocked(const TouchState* oldState,
+                                                    const TouchState& newTouchState,
+                                                    const MotionEntry& entry) {
+    std::vector<TouchedWindow> out;
+    const int32_t maskedAction = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(entry.action);
+    if (maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER &&
+        maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE &&
+        maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT) {
+        // Not a hover event - don't need to do anything
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    // We should consider all hovering pointers here. But for now, just use the first one
+    const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
+
+    std::set<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> oldWindows;
+    if (oldState != nullptr) {
+        oldWindows = oldState->getWindowsWithHoveringPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId);
+    }
+
+    std::set<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> newWindows =
+            newTouchState.getWindowsWithHoveringPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId);
+
+    // If the pointer is no longer in the new window set, send HOVER_EXIT.
+    for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindow : oldWindows) {
+        if (newWindows.find(oldWindow) == newWindows.end()) {
+            TouchedWindow touchedWindow;
+            touchedWindow.windowHandle = oldWindow;
+            touchedWindow.targetFlags = InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_EXIT;
+            touchedWindow.pointerIds.markBit(pointerId);
+            out.push_back(touchedWindow);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& newWindow : newWindows) {
+        TouchedWindow touchedWindow;
+        touchedWindow.windowHandle = newWindow;
+        if (oldWindows.find(newWindow) == oldWindows.end()) {
+            // Any windows that have this pointer now, and didn't have it before, should get
+            // HOVER_ENTER
+            touchedWindow.targetFlags = InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_ENTER;
+        } else {
+            // This pointer was already sent to the window. Use ACTION_HOVER_MOVE.
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE);
+            touchedWindow.targetFlags = InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_IS;
+        }
+        touchedWindow.pointerIds.markBit(pointerId);
+        if (canReceiveForegroundTouches(*newWindow->getInfo())) {
+            touchedWindow.targetFlags |= InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND;
+        }
+        out.push_back(touchedWindow);
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<T>& operator+=(std::vector<T>& left, const std::vector<T>& right) {
+    left.insert(left.end(), right.begin(), right.end());
+    return left;
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
@@ -956,8 +1025,7 @@
         const auto [x, y] = resolveTouchedPosition(motionEntry);
         const bool isStylus = isPointerFromStylus(motionEntry, 0 /*pointerIndex*/);
 
-        sp<WindowInfoHandle> touchedWindowHandle =
-                findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, nullptr, isStylus);
+        auto [touchedWindowHandle, _] = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus);
         if (touchedWindowHandle != nullptr &&
             touchedWindowHandle->getApplicationToken() !=
                     mAwaitedFocusedApplication->getApplicationToken()) {
@@ -1080,15 +1148,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-sp<WindowInfoHandle> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x,
-                                                                int32_t y, TouchState* touchState,
-                                                                bool isStylus,
-                                                                bool addOutsideTargets,
-                                                                bool ignoreDragWindow) const {
-    if (addOutsideTargets && touchState == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Must provide a valid touch state if adding outside targets");
-    }
+std::pair<sp<WindowInfoHandle>, std::vector<InputTarget>>
+InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, bool isStylus,
+                                           bool ignoreDragWindow) const {
     // Traverse windows from front to back to find touched window.
+    std::vector<InputTarget> outsideTargets;
     const auto& windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
     for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle : windowHandles) {
         if (ignoreDragWindow && haveSameToken(windowHandle, mDragState->dragWindow)) {
@@ -1097,16 +1161,16 @@
 
         const WindowInfo& info = *windowHandle->getInfo();
         if (!info.isSpy() && windowAcceptsTouchAt(info, displayId, x, y, isStylus)) {
-            return windowHandle;
+            return {windowHandle, outsideTargets};
         }
 
-        if (addOutsideTargets &&
-            info.inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH)) {
-            touchState->addOrUpdateWindow(windowHandle, InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE,
-                                          BitSet32(0));
+        if (info.inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH)) {
+            addWindowTargetLocked(windowHandle, InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE,
+                                  BitSet32(0), /*firstDownTimeInTarget=*/std::nullopt,
+                                  outsideTargets);
         }
     }
-    return nullptr;
+    return {nullptr, {}};
 }
 
 std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> InputDispatcher::findTouchedSpyWindowsAtLocked(
@@ -1694,16 +1758,11 @@
             pilferPointersLocked(mDragState->dragWindow->getToken());
         }
 
-        std::vector<TouchedWindow> touchedWindows =
+        inputTargets =
                 findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(currentTime, *entry, &conflictingPointerActions,
                                                /*byref*/ injectionResult);
-        for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : touchedWindows) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(injectionResult != InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
-                                "Shouldn't be adding window if the injection didn't succeed.");
-            addWindowTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.targetFlags,
-                                  touchedWindow.pointerIds, touchedWindow.firstDownTimeInTarget,
-                                  inputTargets);
-        }
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(injectionResult != InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED &&
+                            !inputTargets.empty());
     } else {
         // Non touch event.  (eg. trackball)
         sp<WindowInfoHandle> focusedWindow =
@@ -2075,12 +2134,12 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-std::vector<TouchedWindow> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(
+std::vector<InputTarget> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(
         nsecs_t currentTime, const MotionEntry& entry, bool* outConflictingPointerActions,
         InputEventInjectionResult& outInjectionResult) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    std::vector<TouchedWindow> touchedWindows;
+    std::vector<InputTarget> targets;
     // For security reasons, we defer updating the touch state until we are sure that
     // event injection will be allowed.
     const int32_t displayId = entry.displayId;
@@ -2089,8 +2148,6 @@
 
     // Update the touch state as needed based on the properties of the touch event.
     outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::PENDING;
-    sp<WindowInfoHandle> newHoverWindowHandle(mLastHoverWindowHandle);
-    sp<WindowInfoHandle> newTouchedWindowHandle;
 
     // Copy current touch state into tempTouchState.
     // This state will be used to update mTouchStatesByDisplay at the end of this function.
@@ -2109,8 +2166,12 @@
     const bool isHoverAction = (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE ||
                                 maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
                                 maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT);
-    const bool newGesture = (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN ||
-                             maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL || isHoverAction);
+    // A DOWN could be generated from POINTER_DOWN if the initial pointers did not land into any
+    // touchable windows.
+    const bool wasDown = oldState != nullptr && oldState->isDown();
+    const bool isDown = (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) ||
+            (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN && !wasDown);
+    const bool newGesture = isDown || maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL || isHoverAction;
     const bool isFromMouse = isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE);
 
     if (newGesture) {
@@ -2121,9 +2182,9 @@
                   displayId);
             // TODO: test multiple simultaneous input streams.
             outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-            return touchedWindows; // wrong device
+            return {}; // wrong device
         }
-        tempTouchState.reset();
+        tempTouchState.clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
         tempTouchState.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
         tempTouchState.source = entry.source;
         isSplit = false;
@@ -2133,18 +2194,28 @@
               displayId);
         // TODO: test multiple simultaneous input streams.
         outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-        return touchedWindows; // wrong device
+        return {}; // wrong device
+    }
+
+    if (isHoverAction) {
+        // For hover actions, we will treat 'tempTouchState' as a new state, so let's erase
+        // all of the existing hovering pointers and recompute.
+        tempTouchState.clearHoveringPointers();
     }
 
     if (newGesture || (isSplit && maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)) {
         /* Case 1: New splittable pointer going down, or need target for hover or scroll. */
         const auto [x, y] = resolveTouchedPosition(entry);
         const int32_t pointerIndex = getMotionEventActionPointerIndex(action);
-        const bool isDown = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
+        // Outside targets should be added upon first dispatched DOWN event. That means, this should
+        // be a pointer that would generate ACTION_DOWN, *and* touch should not already be down.
         const bool isStylus = isPointerFromStylus(entry, pointerIndex);
-        newTouchedWindowHandle = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, &tempTouchState,
-                                                           isStylus, isDown /*addOutsideTargets*/);
+        auto [newTouchedWindowHandle, outsideTargets] =
+                findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus);
 
+        if (isDown) {
+            targets += outsideTargets;
+        }
         // Handle the case where we did not find a window.
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr) {
             ALOGD("No new touched window at (%" PRId32 ", %" PRId32 ") in display %" PRId32, x, y,
@@ -2158,7 +2229,7 @@
             ALOGW("Dropping injected touch event: %s", (*err).c_str());
             outInjectionResult = os::InputEventInjectionResult::TARGET_MISMATCH;
             newTouchedWindowHandle = nullptr;
-            goto Failed;
+            return {};
         }
 
         // Figure out whether splitting will be allowed for this window.
@@ -2178,15 +2249,6 @@
             isSplit = !isFromMouse;
         }
 
-        // Update hover state.
-        if (newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
-            if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT) {
-                newHoverWindowHandle = nullptr;
-            } else if (isHoverAction) {
-                newHoverWindowHandle = newTouchedWindowHandle;
-            }
-        }
-
         std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> newTouchedWindows =
                 findTouchedSpyWindowsAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus);
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
@@ -2198,7 +2260,7 @@
             ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no touchable window at (%d, %d) on display %d.",
                   x, y, displayId);
             outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-            goto Failed;
+            return {};
         }
 
         for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle : newTouchedWindows) {
@@ -2206,6 +2268,18 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
+            if (isHoverAction) {
+                const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
+                if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT) {
+                    // Pointer left. Remove it
+                    tempTouchState.removeHoveringPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId);
+                } else {
+                    // The "windowHandle" is the target of this hovering pointer.
+                    tempTouchState.addHoveringPointerToWindow(windowHandle, entry.deviceId,
+                                                              pointerId);
+                }
+            }
+
             // Set target flags.
             ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags = InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_IS;
 
@@ -2225,7 +2299,9 @@
 
             // Update the temporary touch state.
             BitSet32 pointerIds;
-            pointerIds.markBit(entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id);
+            if (!isHoverAction) {
+                pointerIds.markBit(entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id);
+            }
 
             tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(windowHandle, targetFlags, pointerIds,
                                              entry.eventTime);
@@ -2275,7 +2351,7 @@
                      "dropped the pointer down event in display %" PRId32 ": %s",
                      displayId, entry.getDescription().c_str());
             outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-            goto Failed;
+            return {};
         }
 
         addDragEventLocked(entry);
@@ -2287,15 +2363,13 @@
             const bool isStylus = isPointerFromStylus(entry, 0 /*pointerIndex*/);
             sp<WindowInfoHandle> oldTouchedWindowHandle =
                     tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
-            newTouchedWindowHandle =
-                    findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, &tempTouchState, isStylus);
+            auto [newTouchedWindowHandle, _] = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus);
 
             // Verify targeted injection.
             if (const auto err = verifyTargetedInjection(newTouchedWindowHandle, entry); err) {
                 ALOGW("Dropping injected event: %s", (*err).c_str());
                 outInjectionResult = os::InputEventInjectionResult::TARGET_MISMATCH;
-                newTouchedWindowHandle = nullptr;
-                goto Failed;
+                return {};
             }
 
             // Drop touch events if requested by input feature
@@ -2312,9 +2386,15 @@
                           newTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str(), displayId);
                 }
                 // Make a slippery exit from the old window.
-                tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(oldTouchedWindowHandle,
-                                                 InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_SLIPPERY_EXIT,
-                                                 BitSet32(0));
+                BitSet32 pointerIds;
+                const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
+                pointerIds.markBit(pointerId);
+
+                const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow =
+                        tempTouchState.getTouchedWindow(oldTouchedWindowHandle);
+                addWindowTargetLocked(oldTouchedWindowHandle,
+                                      InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_SLIPPERY_EXIT, pointerIds,
+                                      touchedWindow.firstDownTimeInTarget, targets);
 
                 // Make a slippery entrance into the new window.
                 if (newTouchedWindowHandle->getInfo()->supportsSplitTouch()) {
@@ -2335,14 +2415,13 @@
                     targetFlags |= InputTarget::Flags::WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED;
                 }
 
-                BitSet32 pointerIds;
-                pointerIds.markBit(entry.pointerProperties[0].id);
                 tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newTouchedWindowHandle, targetFlags, pointerIds,
                                                  entry.eventTime);
 
                 // Check if the wallpaper window should deliver the corresponding event.
                 slipWallpaperTouch(targetFlags, oldTouchedWindowHandle, newTouchedWindowHandle,
-                                   tempTouchState, pointerIds);
+                                   tempTouchState, pointerId, targets);
+                tempTouchState.removeTouchedPointerFromWindow(pointerId, oldTouchedWindowHandle);
             }
         }
 
@@ -2362,36 +2441,15 @@
     }
 
     // Update dispatching for hover enter and exit.
-    if (newHoverWindowHandle != mLastHoverWindowHandle) {
-        // Let the previous window know that the hover sequence is over, unless we already did
-        // it when dispatching it as is to newTouchedWindowHandle.
-        if (mLastHoverWindowHandle != nullptr &&
-            (maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT ||
-             mLastHoverWindowHandle != newTouchedWindowHandle)) {
-            if (DEBUG_HOVER) {
-                ALOGD("Sending hover exit event to window %s.",
-                      mLastHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
-            }
-            tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(mLastHoverWindowHandle,
-                                             InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_EXIT,
-                                             BitSet32(0));
-        }
-
-        // Let the new window know that the hover sequence is starting, unless we already did it
-        // when dispatching it as is to newTouchedWindowHandle.
-        if (newHoverWindowHandle != nullptr &&
-            (maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
-             newHoverWindowHandle != newTouchedWindowHandle)) {
-            if (DEBUG_HOVER) {
-                ALOGD("Sending hover enter event to window %s.",
-                      newHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
-            }
-            tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newHoverWindowHandle,
-                                             InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_ENTER,
-                                             BitSet32(0));
+    {
+        std::vector<TouchedWindow> hoveringWindows =
+                getHoveringWindowsLocked(oldState, tempTouchState, entry);
+        for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : hoveringWindows) {
+            addWindowTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.targetFlags,
+                                  touchedWindow.pointerIds, touchedWindow.firstDownTimeInTarget,
+                                  targets);
         }
     }
-
     // Ensure that we have at least one foreground window or at least one window that cannot be a
     // foreground target. If we only have windows that are not receiving foreground touches (e.g. we
     // only have windows getting ACTION_OUTSIDE), then drop the event, because there is no window
@@ -2405,7 +2463,7 @@
         ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no touched window on display %d to receive it: %s",
               displayId, entry.getDescription().c_str());
         outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-        goto Failed;
+        return {};
     }
 
     // Ensure that all touched windows are valid for injection.
@@ -2425,39 +2483,42 @@
                   "%d:%s",
                   *entry.injectionState->targetUid, errs.c_str());
             outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::TARGET_MISMATCH;
-            goto Failed;
+            return {};
         }
     }
 
-    // Check whether windows listening for outside touches are owned by the same UID. If it is
-    // set the policy flag that we will not reveal coordinate information to this window.
+    // Check whether windows listening for outside touches are owned by the same UID. If the owner
+    // has a different UID, then we will not reveal coordinate information to this window.
     if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
         sp<WindowInfoHandle> foregroundWindowHandle =
                 tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
         if (foregroundWindowHandle) {
             const int32_t foregroundWindowUid = foregroundWindowHandle->getInfo()->ownerUid;
-            for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : tempTouchState.windows) {
-                if (touchedWindow.targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE)) {
-                    sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowInfoHandle = touchedWindow.windowHandle;
-                    if (windowInfoHandle->getInfo()->ownerUid != foregroundWindowUid) {
-                        tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(windowInfoHandle,
-                                                         InputTarget::Flags::ZERO_COORDS,
-                                                         BitSet32(0));
+            for (InputTarget& target : targets) {
+                if (target.flags.test(InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE)) {
+                    sp<WindowInfoHandle> targetWindow =
+                            getWindowHandleLocked(target.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                    if (targetWindow->getInfo()->ownerUid != foregroundWindowUid) {
+                        target.flags |= InputTarget::Flags::ZERO_COORDS;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    // Success!  Output targets.
-    touchedWindows = tempTouchState.windows;
-    outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED;
+    // Success!  Output targets from the touch state.
+    tempTouchState.clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
+    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : tempTouchState.windows) {
+        addWindowTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.targetFlags,
+                              touchedWindow.pointerIds, touchedWindow.firstDownTimeInTarget,
+                              targets);
+    }
 
+    outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED;
     // Drop the outside or hover touch windows since we will not care about them
     // in the next iteration.
     tempTouchState.filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
 
-Failed:
     // Update final pieces of touch state if the injector had permission.
     if (switchedDevice) {
         if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
@@ -2473,14 +2534,16 @@
                      "Conflicting pointer actions: Hover received while pointer was down.");
             *outConflictingPointerActions = true;
         }
-        tempTouchState.reset();
         if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
             maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
             tempTouchState.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
             tempTouchState.source = entry.source;
         }
-    } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP ||
-               maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
+    } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
+        // Pointer went up.
+        tempTouchState.removeTouchedPointer(entry.pointerProperties[0].id);
+        tempTouchState.clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
+    } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
         // All pointers up or canceled.
         tempTouchState.reset();
     } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
@@ -2519,10 +2582,7 @@
         mTouchStatesByDisplay.erase(displayId);
     }
 
-    // Update hover state.
-    mLastHoverWindowHandle = newHoverWindowHandle;
-
-    return touchedWindows;
+    return targets;
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::finishDragAndDrop(int32_t displayId, float x, float y) {
@@ -2530,9 +2590,8 @@
     // have an explicit reason to support it.
     constexpr bool isStylus = false;
 
-    const sp<WindowInfoHandle> dropWindow =
-            findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, nullptr /*touchState*/, isStylus,
-                                      false /*addOutsideTargets*/, true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
+    auto [dropWindow, _] =
+            findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus, true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
     if (dropWindow) {
         vec2 local = dropWindow->getInfo()->transform.transform(x, y);
         sendDropWindowCommandLocked(dropWindow->getToken(), local.x, local.y);
@@ -2588,10 +2647,8 @@
             // until we have an explicit reason to support it.
             constexpr bool isStylus = false;
 
-            const sp<WindowInfoHandle> hoverWindowHandle =
-                    findTouchedWindowAtLocked(entry.displayId, x, y, nullptr /*touchState*/,
-                                              isStylus, false /*addOutsideTargets*/,
-                                              true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
+            auto [hoverWindowHandle, _] = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(entry.displayId, x, y, isStylus,
+                                                                    true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
             // enqueue drag exit if needed.
             if (hoverWindowHandle != mDragState->dragHoverWindowHandle &&
                 !haveSameToken(hoverWindowHandle, mDragState->dragHoverWindowHandle)) {
@@ -3333,6 +3390,10 @@
             case EventEntry::Type::KEY: {
                 const KeyEntry& keyEntry = static_cast<const KeyEntry&>(eventEntry);
                 std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac = getSignature(keyEntry, *dispatchEntry);
+                if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                    LOG(DEBUG) << "Publishing " << *dispatchEntry << " to "
+                               << connection->getInputChannelName();
+                }
 
                 // Publish the key event.
                 status = connection->inputPublisher
@@ -3348,6 +3409,10 @@
             }
 
             case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
+                if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                    LOG(DEBUG) << "Publishing " << *dispatchEntry << " to "
+                               << connection->getInputChannelName();
+                }
                 status = publishMotionEvent(*connection, *dispatchEntry);
                 break;
             }
@@ -4399,6 +4464,9 @@
 
     bool needWake = false;
     while (!injectedEntries.empty()) {
+        if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "Injecting " << injectedEntries.front()->getDescription();
+        }
         needWake |= enqueueInboundEventLocked(std::move(injectedEntries.front()));
         injectedEntries.pop();
     }
@@ -4461,7 +4529,8 @@
     } // release lock
 
     if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
-        ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Finished with result %d.", injectionResult);
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "injectInputEvent - Finished with result "
+                   << ftl::enum_string(injectionResult);
     }
 
     return injectionResult;
@@ -4505,7 +4574,8 @@
     InjectionState* injectionState = entry.injectionState;
     if (injectionState) {
         if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
-            ALOGD("Setting input event injection result to %d.", injectionResult);
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "Setting input event injection result to "
+                       << ftl::enum_string(injectionResult);
         }
 
         if (injectionState->injectionIsAsync && !(entry.policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED)) {
@@ -4824,14 +4894,6 @@
     updateWindowHandlesForDisplayLocked(windowInfoHandles, displayId);
 
     const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
-    if (mLastHoverWindowHandle) {
-        const WindowInfo* lastHoverWindowInfo = mLastHoverWindowHandle->getInfo();
-        if (lastHoverWindowInfo->displayId == displayId &&
-            std::find(windowHandles.begin(), windowHandles.end(), mLastHoverWindowHandle) ==
-                    windowHandles.end()) {
-            mLastHoverWindowHandle = nullptr;
-        }
-    }
 
     std::optional<FocusResolver::FocusChanges> changes =
             mFocusResolver.setInputWindows(displayId, windowHandles);
@@ -5278,7 +5340,6 @@
 
     mAnrTracker.clear();
     mTouchStatesByDisplay.clear();
-    mLastHoverWindowHandle.clear();
     mReplacedKeys.clear();
 }
 
@@ -6468,7 +6529,6 @@
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
 
         mTouchStatesByDisplay.clear();
-        mLastHoverWindowHandle.clear();
     }
     // Wake up poll loop since there might be work to do.
     mLooper->wake();
@@ -6482,7 +6542,10 @@
 void InputDispatcher::slipWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
                                          const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle,
                                          const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& newWindowHandle,
-                                         TouchState& state, const BitSet32& pointerIds) {
+                                         TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId,
+                                         std::vector<InputTarget>& targets) {
+    BitSet32 pointerIds;
+    pointerIds.markBit(pointerId);
     const bool oldHasWallpaper = oldWindowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
             gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DUPLICATE_TOUCH_TO_WALLPAPER);
     const bool newHasWallpaper = targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND) &&
@@ -6497,8 +6560,12 @@
     }
 
     if (oldWallpaper != nullptr) {
-        state.addOrUpdateWindow(oldWallpaper, InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_SLIPPERY_EXIT,
-                                BitSet32(0));
+        const TouchedWindow& oldTouchedWindow = state.getTouchedWindow(oldWallpaper);
+        addWindowTargetLocked(oldWallpaper,
+                              oldTouchedWindow.targetFlags |
+                                      InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_SLIPPERY_EXIT,
+                              pointerIds, oldTouchedWindow.firstDownTimeInTarget, targets);
+        state.removeTouchedPointerFromWindow(pointerId, oldWallpaper);
     }
 
     if (newWallpaper != nullptr) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index a32ebd3..81f8de8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -237,9 +237,9 @@
     // to transfer focus to a new application.
     std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> mNextUnblockedEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findTouchedWindowAtLocked(
-            int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, TouchState* touchState, bool isStylus = false,
-            bool addOutsideTargets = false, bool ignoreDragWindow = false) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    std::pair<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>, std::vector<InputTarget>>
+    findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, bool isStylus = false,
+                              bool ignoreDragWindow = false) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>> findTouchedSpyWindowsAtLocked(
             int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y, bool isStylus) const REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -530,9 +530,6 @@
     // prevent unneeded wakeups.
     AnrTracker mAnrTracker GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    // Contains the last window which received a hover event.
-    sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> mLastHoverWindowHandle GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-
     void cancelEventsForAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
     // If a focused application changes, we should stop counting down the "no focused window" time,
     // because we will have no way of knowing when the previous application actually added a window.
@@ -546,7 +543,7 @@
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findFocusedWindowTargetLocked(
             nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry, nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime,
             android::os::InputEventInjectionResult& outInjectionResult) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    std::vector<TouchedWindow> findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(
+    std::vector<InputTarget> findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(
             nsecs_t currentTime, const MotionEntry& entry, bool* outConflictingPointerActions,
             android::os::InputEventInjectionResult& outInjectionResult) REQUIRES(mLock);
     std::vector<Monitor> selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
@@ -700,7 +697,8 @@
     void slipWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
                             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle,
                             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& newWindowHandle,
-                            TouchState& state, const BitSet32& pointerIds) REQUIRES(mLock);
+                            TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId, std::vector<InputTarget>& targets)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
     void transferWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> oldTargetFlags,
                                 ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> newTargetFlags,
                                 const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> fromWindowHandle,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
index c21af9e..ad37d02 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,40 @@
     *this = TouchState();
 }
 
+void TouchState::removeTouchedPointer(int32_t pointerId) {
+    for (TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : windows) {
+        touchedWindow.pointerIds.clearBit(pointerId);
+    }
+}
+
+void TouchState::removeTouchedPointerFromWindow(
+        int32_t pointerId, const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) {
+    for (TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : windows) {
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle == windowHandle) {
+            touchedWindow.pointerIds.clearBit(pointerId);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TouchState::clearHoveringPointers() {
+    for (TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : windows) {
+        touchedWindow.clearHoveringPointers();
+    }
+}
+
+void TouchState::clearWindowsWithoutPointers() {
+    std::erase_if(windows, [](const TouchedWindow& w) {
+        return w.pointerIds.isEmpty() && !w.hasHoveringPointers();
+    });
+}
+
 void TouchState::addOrUpdateWindow(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
                                    ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags, BitSet32 pointerIds,
                                    std::optional<nsecs_t> eventTime) {
     for (TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : windows) {
+        // We do not compare windows by token here because two windows that share the same token
+        // may have a different transform
         if (touchedWindow.windowHandle == windowHandle) {
             touchedWindow.targetFlags |= targetFlags;
             if (targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_SLIPPERY_EXIT)) {
@@ -50,7 +80,6 @@
             return;
         }
     }
-
     TouchedWindow touchedWindow;
     touchedWindow.windowHandle = windowHandle;
     touchedWindow.targetFlags = targetFlags;
@@ -59,6 +88,21 @@
     windows.push_back(touchedWindow);
 }
 
+void TouchState::addHoveringPointerToWindow(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
+                                            int32_t hoveringDeviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId) {
+    for (TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : windows) {
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle == windowHandle) {
+            touchedWindow.addHoveringPointer(hoveringDeviceId, hoveringPointerId);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    TouchedWindow touchedWindow;
+    touchedWindow.windowHandle = windowHandle;
+    touchedWindow.addHoveringPointer(hoveringDeviceId, hoveringPointerId);
+    windows.push_back(touchedWindow);
+}
+
 void TouchState::removeWindowByToken(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < windows.size(); i++) {
         if (windows[i].windowHandle->getToken() == token) {
@@ -140,11 +184,38 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+const TouchedWindow& TouchState::getTouchedWindow(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) const {
+    auto it = std::find_if(windows.begin(), windows.end(),
+                           [&](const TouchedWindow& w) { return w.windowHandle == windowHandle; });
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == windows.end(), "Could not find %s", windowHandle->getName().c_str());
+    return *it;
+}
+
 bool TouchState::isDown() const {
     return std::any_of(windows.begin(), windows.end(),
                        [](const TouchedWindow& window) { return !window.pointerIds.isEmpty(); });
 }
 
+std::set<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> TouchState::getWindowsWithHoveringPointer(int32_t hoveringDeviceId,
+                                                                         int32_t pointerId) const {
+    std::set<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> out;
+    for (const TouchedWindow& window : windows) {
+        if (window.hasHoveringPointer(hoveringDeviceId, pointerId)) {
+            out.insert(window.windowHandle);
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+void TouchState::removeHoveringPointer(int32_t hoveringDeviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId) {
+    for (TouchedWindow& window : windows) {
+        window.removeHoveringPointer(hoveringDeviceId, hoveringPointerId);
+    }
+    std::erase_if(windows, [](const TouchedWindow& w) {
+        return w.pointerIds.isEmpty() && !w.hasHoveringPointers();
+    });
+}
+
 std::string TouchState::dump() const {
     std::string out;
     out += StringPrintf("deviceId=%d, source=%s\n", deviceId,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
index 77c1cdf..4025db8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <set>
 #include "TouchedWindow.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -39,9 +40,18 @@
     TouchState& operator=(const TouchState&) = default;
 
     void reset();
+    void clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
+
+    void removeTouchedPointer(int32_t pointerId);
+    void removeTouchedPointerFromWindow(int32_t pointerId,
+                                        const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle);
     void addOrUpdateWindow(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
                            ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags, BitSet32 pointerIds,
                            std::optional<nsecs_t> eventTime = std::nullopt);
+    void addHoveringPointerToWindow(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
+                                    int32_t deviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId);
+    void removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId);
+    void clearHoveringPointers();
     void removeWindowByToken(const sp<IBinder>& token);
     void filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
 
@@ -54,8 +64,13 @@
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> getFirstForegroundWindowHandle() const;
     bool isSlippery() const;
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> getWallpaperWindow() const;
+    const TouchedWindow& getTouchedWindow(
+            const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) const;
     // Whether any of the windows are currently being touched
     bool isDown() const;
+
+    std::set<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>> getWindowsWithHoveringPointer(
+            int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId) const;
     std::string dump() const;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
index af74598..3704edd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
@@ -25,11 +25,49 @@
 
 namespace inputdispatcher {
 
+bool TouchedWindow::hasHoveringPointers() const {
+    return !mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.empty();
+}
+
+void TouchedWindow::clearHoveringPointers() {
+    mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.clear();
+}
+
+bool TouchedWindow::hasHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId) const {
+    auto it = mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.find(deviceId);
+    if (it == mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return it->second.test(pointerId);
+}
+
+void TouchedWindow::addHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId) {
+    const auto [it, _] = mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.insert({deviceId, {}});
+    it->second.set(pointerId);
+}
+
+void TouchedWindow::removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId) {
+    const auto it = mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.find(deviceId);
+    if (it == mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.end()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    it->second.set(pointerId, false);
+
+    if (it->second.none()) {
+        mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.erase(deviceId);
+    }
+}
+
 std::string TouchedWindow::dump() const {
-    return StringPrintf("name='%s', pointerIds=0x%0x, "
-                        "targetFlags=%s, firstDownTimeInTarget=%s\n",
+    std::string out;
+    std::string hoveringPointers =
+            dumpMap(mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice, constToString, bitsetToString);
+    out += StringPrintf("name='%s', pointerIds=0x%0x, targetFlags=%s, firstDownTimeInTarget=%s, "
+                        "mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice=%s\n",
                         windowHandle->getName().c_str(), pointerIds.value,
-                        targetFlags.string().c_str(), toString(firstDownTimeInTarget).c_str());
+                        targetFlags.string().c_str(), toString(firstDownTimeInTarget).c_str(),
+                        hoveringPointers.c_str());
+    return out;
 }
 
 } // namespace inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
index dd08323..add6b61 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
+#include <input/Input.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
+#include <bitset>
 #include "InputTarget.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -33,7 +35,17 @@
     // Time at which the first action down occurred on this window.
     // NOTE: This is not initialized in case of HOVER entry/exit and DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE scenario.
     std::optional<nsecs_t> firstDownTimeInTarget;
+
+    bool hasHoveringPointers() const;
+
+    bool hasHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId) const;
+    void addHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId);
+    void removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId);
+    void clearHoveringPointers();
     std::string dump() const;
+
+private:
+    std::map<int32_t /*deviceId*/, std::bitset<MAX_POINTERS>> mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice;
 };
 
 } // namespace inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
index f3b680b..d29692c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
         "mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp",
         "mapper/gestures/GesturesLogging.cpp",
         "mapper/gestures/HardwareStateConverter.cpp",
+        "mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
index 43b67ca..f7b38a1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
@@ -515,6 +515,18 @@
     return deviceClasses & InputDeviceClass::JOYSTICK;
 }
 
+// --- RawAbsoluteAxisInfo ---
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const RawAbsoluteAxisInfo& info) {
+    if (info.valid) {
+        out << "min=" << info.minValue << ", max=" << info.maxValue << ", flat=" << info.flat
+            << ", fuzz=" << info.fuzz << ", resolution=" << info.resolution;
+    } else {
+        out << "unknown range";
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
 // --- EventHub::Device ---
 
 EventHub::Device::Device(int fd, int32_t id, std::string path, InputDeviceIdentifier identifier,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
index 7031c8b..5582f92 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
             sysprop::InputProperties::enable_touchpad_gestures_library().value_or(true);
     // TODO(b/246587538): Fix the new touchpad stack for Sony DualShock 4 (5c4, 9cc) and DualSense
     // (ce6) touchpads, or at least load this setting from the IDC file.
-    const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier = getDeviceInfo().getIdentifier();
+    const InputDeviceIdentifier& identifier = contextPtr->getDeviceIdentifier();
     const bool isSonyGamepadTouchpad = identifier.vendor == 0x054c &&
             (identifier.product == 0x05c4 || identifier.product == 0x09cc ||
              identifier.product == 0x0ce6);
@@ -458,7 +458,8 @@
 InputDeviceInfo InputDevice::getDeviceInfo() {
     InputDeviceInfo outDeviceInfo;
     outDeviceInfo.initialize(mId, mGeneration, mControllerNumber, mIdentifier, mAlias, mIsExternal,
-                             mHasMic);
+                             mHasMic, getAssociatedDisplayId().value_or(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE));
+
     for_each_mapper(
             [&outDeviceInfo](InputMapper& mapper) { mapper.populateDeviceInfo(&outDeviceInfo); });
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
index a3ecf41..86acadb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include <bitset>
 #include <climits>
 #include <filesystem>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -77,6 +79,8 @@
     inline void clear() { *this = RawAbsoluteAxisInfo(); }
 };
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const RawAbsoluteAxisInfo& info);
+
 /*
  * Input device classes.
  */
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
index 8e3539c..ba2ea99 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include "InputMapper.h"
 
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include "InputDevice.h"
 #include "input/PrintTools.h"
 
@@ -120,12 +122,9 @@
 
 void InputMapper::dumpRawAbsoluteAxisInfo(std::string& dump, const RawAbsoluteAxisInfo& axis,
                                           const char* name) {
-    if (axis.valid) {
-        dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "%s: min=%d, max=%d, flat=%d, fuzz=%d, resolution=%d\n", name,
-                             axis.minValue, axis.maxValue, axis.flat, axis.fuzz, axis.resolution);
-    } else {
-        dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "%s: unknown range\n", name);
-    }
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << INDENT4 << name << ": " << axis << "\n";
+    dump += out.str();
 }
 
 void InputMapper::dumpStylusState(std::string& dump, const StylusState& state) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index 4d51aee..0c57628 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@
     return p.x >= rect.left && p.x < rect.right && p.y >= rect.top && p.y < rect.bottom;
 }
 
+static std::string toString(const InputDeviceUsiVersion& v) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("%d.%d", v.majorVersion, v.minorVersion);
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 inline static void swap(T& a, T& b) {
     T temp = a;
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@
         info->addMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_HSCROLL, mSource, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     }
     info->setButtonUnderPad(mParameters.hasButtonUnderPad);
-    info->setSupportsUsi(mParameters.supportsUsi);
+    info->setUsiVersion(mParameters.usiVersion);
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {
@@ -421,9 +425,13 @@
     mParameters.wake = getDeviceContext().isExternal();
     getDeviceContext().getConfiguration().tryGetProperty("touch.wake", mParameters.wake);
 
-    mParameters.supportsUsi = false;
-    getDeviceContext().getConfiguration().tryGetProperty("touch.supportsUsi",
-                                                         mParameters.supportsUsi);
+    InputDeviceUsiVersion usiVersion;
+    if (getDeviceContext().getConfiguration().tryGetProperty("touch.usiVersionMajor",
+                                                             usiVersion.majorVersion) &&
+        getDeviceContext().getConfiguration().tryGetProperty("touch.usiVersionMinor",
+                                                             usiVersion.minorVersion)) {
+        mParameters.usiVersion = usiVersion;
+    }
 
     mParameters.enableForInactiveViewport = false;
     getDeviceContext().getConfiguration().tryGetProperty("touch.enableForInactiveViewport",
@@ -472,7 +480,8 @@
                          mParameters.uniqueDisplayId.c_str());
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "OrientationAware: %s\n", toString(mParameters.orientationAware));
     dump += INDENT4 "Orientation: " + ftl::enum_string(mParameters.orientation) + "\n";
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "SupportsUsi: %s\n", toString(mParameters.supportsUsi));
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "UsiVersion: %s\n",
+                         toString(mParameters.usiVersion, toString).c_str());
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "EnableForInactiveViewport: %s\n",
                          toString(mParameters.enableForInactiveViewport));
 }
@@ -875,8 +884,6 @@
         mDeviceMode = DeviceMode::POINTER;
         if (hasStylus()) {
             mSource |= AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS;
-        } else {
-            mSource |= AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD;
         }
     } else if (isTouchScreen()) {
         mSource = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
@@ -2703,18 +2710,15 @@
 
     // Update the velocity tracker.
     {
-        std::vector<float> positionsX;
-        std::vector<float> positionsY;
         for (BitSet32 idBits(mCurrentCookedState.fingerIdBits); !idBits.isEmpty();) {
             uint32_t id = idBits.clearFirstMarkedBit();
             const RawPointerData::Pointer& pointer =
                     mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.pointerForId(id);
-            positionsX.push_back(pointer.x * mPointerXMovementScale);
-            positionsY.push_back(pointer.y * mPointerYMovementScale);
+            const float x = pointer.x * mPointerXMovementScale;
+            const float y = pointer.y * mPointerYMovementScale;
+            mPointerGesture.velocityTracker.addMovement(when, id, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
+            mPointerGesture.velocityTracker.addMovement(when, id, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, y);
         }
-        mPointerGesture.velocityTracker.addMovement(when, mCurrentCookedState.fingerIdBits,
-                                                    {{AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, positionsX},
-                                                     {AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, positionsY}});
     }
 
     // If the gesture ever enters a mode other than TAP, HOVER or TAP_DRAG, without first returning
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
index 6e35b46..87deb39 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@
 
         bool wake;
 
-        // Whether the device supports the Universal Stylus Initiative (USI) protocol for styluses.
-        bool supportsUsi;
+        // The Universal Stylus Initiative (USI) protocol version supported by this device.
+        std::optional<InputDeviceUsiVersion> usiVersion;
 
         // Allows touches while the display is off.
         bool enableForInactiveViewport;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
index 3b51be8..b6313a1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 
 #include <android/input.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
 #include <log/log_main.h>
 #include "TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h"
@@ -96,11 +97,12 @@
     mGestureInterpreter->Initialize(GESTURES_DEVCLASS_TOUCHPAD);
     mGestureInterpreter->SetHardwareProperties(createHardwareProperties(deviceContext));
     // Even though we don't explicitly delete copy/move semantics, it's safe to
-    // give away a pointer to TouchpadInputMapper here because
+    // give away pointers to TouchpadInputMapper and its members here because
     // 1) mGestureInterpreter's lifecycle is determined by TouchpadInputMapper, and
     // 2) TouchpadInputMapper is stored as a unique_ptr and not moved.
+    mGestureInterpreter->SetPropProvider(const_cast<GesturesPropProvider*>(&gesturePropProvider),
+                                         &mPropertyProvider);
     mGestureInterpreter->SetCallback(gestureInterpreterCallback, this);
-    // TODO(b/251196347): set a property provider, so we can change gesture properties.
     // TODO(b/251196347): set a timer provider, so the library can use timers.
 }
 
@@ -108,12 +110,29 @@
     if (mPointerController != nullptr) {
         mPointerController->fade(PointerControllerInterface::Transition::IMMEDIATE);
     }
+
+    // The gesture interpreter's destructor will call its property provider's free function for all
+    // gesture properties, in this case calling PropertyProvider::freeProperty using a raw pointer
+    // to mPropertyProvider. Depending on the declaration order in TouchpadInputMapper.h, this may
+    // happen after mPropertyProvider has been destructed, causing allocation errors. Depending on
+    // declaration order to avoid crashes seems rather fragile, so explicitly clear the property
+    // provider here to ensure all the freeProperty calls happen before mPropertyProvider is
+    // destructed.
+    mGestureInterpreter->SetPropProvider(nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 
 uint32_t TouchpadInputMapper::getSources() const {
     return AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE | AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD;
 }
 
+void TouchpadInputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {
+    dump += INDENT2 "Touchpad Input Mapper:\n";
+    dump += INDENT3 "Gesture converter:\n";
+    dump += addLinePrefix(mGestureConverter.dump(), INDENT4);
+    dump += INDENT3 "Gesture properties:\n";
+    dump += addLinePrefix(mPropertyProvider.dump(), INDENT4);
+}
+
 std::list<NotifyArgs> TouchpadInputMapper::configure(nsecs_t when,
                                                      const InputReaderConfiguration* config,
                                                      uint32_t changes) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
index 3a92211..d693bca 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchpadInputMapper.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "NotifyArgs.h"
 #include "gestures/GestureConverter.h"
 #include "gestures/HardwareStateConverter.h"
+#include "gestures/PropertyProvider.h"
 
 #include "include/gestures.h"
 
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@
     ~TouchpadInputMapper();
 
     uint32_t getSources() const override;
+    void dump(std::string& dump) override;
+
     [[nodiscard]] std::list<NotifyArgs> configure(nsecs_t when,
                                                   const InputReaderConfiguration* config,
                                                   uint32_t changes) override;
@@ -57,6 +60,8 @@
             mGestureInterpreter;
     std::shared_ptr<PointerControllerInterface> mPointerController;
 
+    PropertyProvider mPropertyProvider;
+
     HardwareStateConverter mStateConverter;
     GestureConverter mGestureConverter;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp
index 11ffd28..561b1f8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@
 
 #include "gestures/GestureConverter.h"
 
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android/input.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
 #include <log/log_main.h>
 
@@ -55,6 +59,18 @@
     deviceContext.getAbsoluteAxisInfo(ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, &mYAxisInfo);
 }
 
+std::string GestureConverter::dump() const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << "Orientation: " << ftl::enum_string(mOrientation) << "\n";
+    out << "Axis info:\n";
+    out << "  X: " << mXAxisInfo << "\n";
+    out << "  Y: " << mYAxisInfo << "\n";
+    out << StringPrintf("Button state: 0x%08x\n", mButtonState);
+    out << "Down time: " << mDownTime << "\n";
+    out << "Current classification: " << ftl::enum_string(mCurrentClassification) << "\n";
+    return out.str();
+}
+
 void GestureConverter::reset() {
     mButtonState = 0;
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h
index 8e8e3d9..2ec5841 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/GestureConverter.h
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
     GestureConverter(InputReaderContext& readerContext, const InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
                      int32_t deviceId);
 
+    std::string dump() const;
+
     void setOrientation(ui::Rotation orientation) { mOrientation = orientation; }
     void reset();
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd18cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "../Macros.h"
+
+#include "gestures/PropertyProvider.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+GesturesProp* createInt(void* data, const char* name, int* loc, size_t count, const int* init) {
+    return static_cast<PropertyProvider*>(data)->createIntArrayProperty(name, loc, count, init);
+}
+
+GesturesProp* createBool(void* data, const char* name, GesturesPropBool* loc, size_t count,
+                         const GesturesPropBool* init) {
+    return static_cast<PropertyProvider*>(data)->createBoolArrayProperty(name, loc, count, init);
+}
+
+GesturesProp* createString(void* data, const char* name, const char** loc, const char* const init) {
+    return static_cast<PropertyProvider*>(data)->createStringProperty(name, loc, init);
+}
+
+GesturesProp* createReal(void* data, const char* name, double* loc, size_t count,
+                         const double* init) {
+    return static_cast<PropertyProvider*>(data)->createRealArrayProperty(name, loc, count, init);
+}
+
+void registerHandlers(void* data, GesturesProp* prop, void* handlerData,
+                      GesturesPropGetHandler getter, GesturesPropSetHandler setter) {
+    prop->registerHandlers(handlerData, getter, setter);
+}
+
+void freeProperty(void* data, GesturesProp* prop) {
+    static_cast<PropertyProvider*>(data)->freeProperty(prop);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+const GesturesPropProvider gesturePropProvider = {
+        .create_int_fn = createInt,
+        .create_bool_fn = createBool,
+        .create_string_fn = createString,
+        .create_real_fn = createReal,
+        .register_handlers_fn = registerHandlers,
+        .free_fn = freeProperty,
+};
+
+bool PropertyProvider::hasProperty(const std::string name) const {
+    return mProperties.find(name) != mProperties.end();
+}
+
+GesturesProp& PropertyProvider::getProperty(const std::string name) {
+    return mProperties.at(name);
+}
+
+std::string PropertyProvider::dump() const {
+    std::string dump;
+    for (const auto& [name, property] : mProperties) {
+        dump += property.dump() + "\n";
+    }
+    return dump;
+}
+
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createIntArrayProperty(const std::string name, int* loc,
+                                                       size_t count, const int* init) {
+    const auto [it, inserted] =
+            mProperties.insert(std::pair{name, GesturesProp(name, loc, count, init)});
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Gesture property \"%s\" already exists.", name.c_str());
+    return &it->second;
+}
+
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createBoolArrayProperty(const std::string name,
+                                                        GesturesPropBool* loc, size_t count,
+                                                        const GesturesPropBool* init) {
+    const auto [it, inserted] =
+            mProperties.insert(std::pair{name, GesturesProp(name, loc, count, init)});
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Gesture property \"%s\" already exists.", name.c_str());
+    return &it->second;
+}
+
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createRealArrayProperty(const std::string name, double* loc,
+                                                        size_t count, const double* init) {
+    const auto [it, inserted] =
+            mProperties.insert(std::pair{name, GesturesProp(name, loc, count, init)});
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Gesture property \"%s\" already exists.", name.c_str());
+    return &it->second;
+}
+
+GesturesProp* PropertyProvider::createStringProperty(const std::string name, const char** loc,
+                                                     const char* const init) {
+    const auto [it, inserted] = mProperties.insert(std::pair{name, GesturesProp(name, loc, init)});
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Gesture property \"%s\" already exists.", name.c_str());
+    return &it->second;
+}
+
+void PropertyProvider::freeProperty(GesturesProp* prop) {
+    mProperties.erase(prop->getName());
+}
+
+} // namespace android
+
+template <typename T>
+GesturesProp::GesturesProp(std::string name, T* dataPointer, size_t count, const T* initialValues)
+      : mName(name), mCount(count), mDataPointer(dataPointer) {
+    std::copy_n(initialValues, count, dataPointer);
+}
+
+GesturesProp::GesturesProp(std::string name, const char** dataPointer,
+                           const char* const initialValue)
+      : mName(name), mCount(1), mDataPointer(dataPointer) {
+    *(std::get<const char**>(mDataPointer)) = initialValue;
+}
+
+std::string GesturesProp::dump() const {
+    using android::base::StringPrintf;
+    std::string type, values;
+    switch (mDataPointer.index()) {
+        case 0:
+            type = "integer";
+            values = android::dumpVector(getIntValues());
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            type = "boolean";
+            values = android::dumpVector(getBoolValues());
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            type = "string";
+            values = getStringValue();
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            type = "real";
+            values = android::dumpVector(getRealValues());
+            break;
+    }
+    std::string typeAndSize = mCount == 1 ? type : std::to_string(mCount) + " " + type + "s";
+    return StringPrintf("%s (%s): %s", mName.c_str(), typeAndSize.c_str(), values.c_str());
+}
+
+void GesturesProp::registerHandlers(void* handlerData, GesturesPropGetHandler getter,
+                                    GesturesPropSetHandler setter) {
+    mHandlerData = handlerData;
+    mGetter = getter;
+    mSetter = setter;
+}
+
+std::vector<int> GesturesProp::getIntValues() const {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!std::holds_alternative<int*>(mDataPointer),
+                        "Attempt to read ints from \"%s\" gesture property.", mName.c_str());
+    return getValues<int, int>(std::get<int*>(mDataPointer));
+}
+
+std::vector<bool> GesturesProp::getBoolValues() const {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!std::holds_alternative<GesturesPropBool*>(mDataPointer),
+                        "Attempt to read bools from \"%s\" gesture property.", mName.c_str());
+    return getValues<bool, GesturesPropBool>(std::get<GesturesPropBool*>(mDataPointer));
+}
+
+std::vector<double> GesturesProp::getRealValues() const {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!std::holds_alternative<double*>(mDataPointer),
+                        "Attempt to read reals from \"%s\" gesture property.", mName.c_str());
+    return getValues<double, double>(std::get<double*>(mDataPointer));
+}
+
+std::string GesturesProp::getStringValue() const {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!std::holds_alternative<const char**>(mDataPointer),
+                        "Attempt to read a string from \"%s\" gesture property.", mName.c_str());
+    if (mGetter != nullptr) {
+        mGetter(mHandlerData);
+    }
+    return std::string(*std::get<const char**>(mDataPointer));
+}
+
+void GesturesProp::setBoolValues(const std::vector<bool>& values) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!std::holds_alternative<GesturesPropBool*>(mDataPointer),
+                        "Attempt to write bools to \"%s\" gesture property.", mName.c_str());
+    setValues(std::get<GesturesPropBool*>(mDataPointer), values);
+}
+
+void GesturesProp::setIntValues(const std::vector<int>& values) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!std::holds_alternative<int*>(mDataPointer),
+                        "Attempt to write ints to \"%s\" gesture property.", mName.c_str());
+    setValues(std::get<int*>(mDataPointer), values);
+}
+
+void GesturesProp::setRealValues(const std::vector<double>& values) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!std::holds_alternative<double*>(mDataPointer),
+                        "Attempt to write reals to \"%s\" gesture property.", mName.c_str());
+    setValues(std::get<double*>(mDataPointer), values);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+const std::vector<T> GesturesProp::getValues(U* dataPointer) const {
+    if (mGetter != nullptr) {
+        mGetter(mHandlerData);
+    }
+    std::vector<T> values;
+    values.reserve(mCount);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mCount; i++) {
+        values.push_back(dataPointer[i]);
+    }
+    return values;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void GesturesProp::setValues(T* dataPointer, const std::vector<U>& values) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(values.size() != mCount,
+                        "Attempt to write %zu values to \"%s\" gesture property, which holds %zu.",
+                        values.size(), mName.c_str(), mCount);
+    std::copy(values.begin(), values.end(), dataPointer);
+    if (mSetter != nullptr) {
+        mSetter(mHandlerData);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c21260f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/gestures/PropertyProvider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "include/gestures.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+// Struct containing functions that wrap PropertyProvider in a C-compatible interface.
+extern const GesturesPropProvider gesturePropProvider;
+
+// Implementation of a gestures library property provider, which provides configuration parameters.
+class PropertyProvider {
+public:
+    bool hasProperty(const std::string name) const;
+    GesturesProp& getProperty(const std::string name);
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    // Methods to be called by the gestures library:
+    GesturesProp* createIntArrayProperty(const std::string name, int* loc, size_t count,
+                                         const int* init);
+    GesturesProp* createBoolArrayProperty(const std::string name, GesturesPropBool* loc,
+                                          size_t count, const GesturesPropBool* init);
+    GesturesProp* createRealArrayProperty(const std::string name, double* loc, size_t count,
+                                          const double* init);
+    GesturesProp* createStringProperty(const std::string name, const char** loc,
+                                       const char* const init);
+
+    void freeProperty(GesturesProp* prop);
+
+private:
+    std::map<std::string, GesturesProp> mProperties;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
+
+// Represents a single gesture property.
+//
+// Pointers to this struct will be used by the gestures library (though it can never deference
+// them). The library's API requires this to be in the top-level namespace.
+struct GesturesProp {
+public:
+    template <typename T>
+    GesturesProp(std::string name, T* dataPointer, size_t count, const T* initialValues);
+    GesturesProp(std::string name, const char** dataPointer, const char* const initialValue);
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    std::string getName() const { return mName; }
+
+    size_t getCount() const { return mCount; }
+
+    void registerHandlers(void* handlerData, GesturesPropGetHandler getter,
+                          GesturesPropSetHandler setter);
+
+    std::vector<int> getIntValues() const;
+    std::vector<bool> getBoolValues() const;
+    std::vector<double> getRealValues() const;
+    std::string getStringValue() const;
+
+    void setIntValues(const std::vector<int>& values);
+    void setBoolValues(const std::vector<bool>& values);
+    void setRealValues(const std::vector<double>& values);
+    // Setting string values isn't supported since we don't have a use case yet and the memory
+    // management adds additional complexity.
+
+private:
+    // Two type parameters are required for these methods, rather than one, due to the gestures
+    // library using its own bool type.
+    template <typename T, typename U>
+    const std::vector<T> getValues(U* dataPointer) const;
+    template <typename T, typename U>
+    void setValues(T* dataPointer, const std::vector<U>& values);
+
+    std::string mName;
+    size_t mCount;
+    std::variant<int*, GesturesPropBool*, const char**, double*> mDataPointer;
+    void* mHandlerData = nullptr;
+    GesturesPropGetHandler mGetter = nullptr;
+    GesturesPropSetHandler mSetter = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 58a5c31..af40fed 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
         "LatencyTracker_test.cpp",
         "NotifyArgs_test.cpp",
         "PreferStylusOverTouch_test.cpp",
+        "PropertyProvider_test.cpp",
         "TestInputListener.cpp",
         "UinputDevice.cpp",
         "UnwantedInteractionBlocker_test.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index 864aaea..3abe43a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -2168,7 +2168,6 @@
                                                          .y(400))
                                         .build()));
     windowRight->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
-    windowRight->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE));
 
     // Move cursor into left window
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
@@ -2181,7 +2180,6 @@
                                         .build()));
     windowRight->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT));
     windowLeft->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
-    windowLeft->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE));
 
     // Inject a series of mouse events for a mouse click
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
@@ -2239,7 +2237,6 @@
                                         .build()));
     windowLeft->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT));
     windowRight->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
-    windowRight->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE));
 
     // No more events
     windowLeft->assertNoEvents();
@@ -2301,7 +2298,6 @@
                                                          .y(400))
                                         .build()));
     window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
-
     // Inject a series of mouse events for a mouse click
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
               injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher,
@@ -2359,8 +2355,38 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Hover over a window, and then remove that window. Make sure that HOVER_EXIT for that event
+ * is generated.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, HoverExitIsSentToRemovedWindow) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 1200, 800));
+
+    mDispatcher->setFocusedApplication(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, application);
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher,
+                                MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
+                                                   AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)
+                                        .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_MOUSE)
+                                                         .x(300)
+                                                         .y(400))
+                                        .build()));
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+
+    // Remove the window, but keep the channel.
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {}}});
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT));
+}
+
+/**
  * Inject a mouse hover event followed by a tap from touchscreen.
- * In the current implementation, the tap does not cause a HOVER_EXIT event.
+ * The tap causes a HOVER_EXIT event to be generated because the current event
+ * stream's source has been switched.
  */
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, MouseHoverAndTouchTap) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
@@ -2380,15 +2406,16 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER),
                                              WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE))));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE),
-                                             WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE))));
 
     // Tap on the window
     motionArgs = generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
                                     ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{10, 10}});
     mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT),
+                                             WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE))));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             window->consumeMotionEvent(AllOf(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
                                              WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN))));
 
@@ -2426,7 +2453,6 @@
                                                          .y(600))
                                         .build()));
     windowDefaultDisplay->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
-    windowDefaultDisplay->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE));
 
     // Remove all windows in secondary display and check that no event happens on window in
     // primary display.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 95d35f4..feda191 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -5036,7 +5036,7 @@
     prepareAxes(POSITION);
     SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE | AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, mapper.getSources());
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, mapper.getSources());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SingleTouchInputMapperTest, GetSources_WhenDeviceTypeIsTouchScreen_ReturnsTouchScreen) {
@@ -8865,8 +8865,8 @@
     prepareAxes(POSITION);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
-    // Check source is a touchpad that would obtain the PointerController.
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE | AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, mapper.getSources());
+    // Check source is mouse that would obtain the PointerController.
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, mapper.getSources());
 
     NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs;
     processPosition(mapper, 100, 100);
@@ -9936,11 +9936,11 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
     ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, args.action);
 
-    // A non captured touchpad should have a mouse and touchpad source.
+    // non captured touchpad should be a mouse source
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
     configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&resetArgs));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE | AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, mapper.getSources());
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, mapper.getSources());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest, Process_UnCapturedTouchpadPointer) {
@@ -9999,10 +9999,10 @@
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
-    // An uncaptured touchpad should be a pointer device, with additional touchpad source.
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE | AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, mapper.getSources());
+    // uncaptured touchpad should be a pointer device
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, mapper.getSources());
 
-    // A captured touchpad should just have a touchpad source.
+    // captured touchpad should be a touchpad device
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
     configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_CAPTURE);
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, mapper.getSources());
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/PreferStylusOverTouch_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/PreferStylusOverTouch_test.cpp
index bd05360..7265362 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/PreferStylusOverTouch_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/PreferStylusOverTouch_test.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gui/constants.h>
 #include "../PreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -438,7 +439,7 @@
     InputDeviceInfo stylusDevice;
     stylusDevice.initialize(STYLUS_DEVICE_ID, 1 /*generation*/, 1 /*controllerNumber*/,
                             {} /*identifier*/, "stylus device", false /*external*/,
-                            false /*hasMic*/);
+                            false /*hasMic*/, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
     notifyInputDevicesChanged({stylusDevice});
     // The touchscreen device was removed, so we no longer remember anything about it. We should
     // again start blocking touch events from it.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/PropertyProvider_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/PropertyProvider_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42a6a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/PropertyProvider_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gestures/PropertyProvider.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "include/gestures.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+using testing::ElementsAre;
+
+class PropertyProviderTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    PropertyProvider mProvider;
+};
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Int_Create) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 4;
+    int intData[COUNT] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    int initialValues[COUNT] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+    gesturePropProvider.create_int_fn(&mProvider, "Some Integers", intData, COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Integers"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Integers");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getName(), "Some Integers");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getCount(), COUNT);
+    EXPECT_THAT(intData, ElementsAre(1, 2, 3, 4));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Int_Get) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 4;
+    int intData[COUNT] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    int initialValues[COUNT] = {9, 9, 9, 9};
+    GesturesProp* propPtr = gesturePropProvider.create_int_fn(&mProvider, "Some Integers", intData,
+                                                              COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    // Get handlers are supposed to be called before the property's data is accessed, so they can
+    // update it if necessary. This getter updates the values, so that the ordering can be checked.
+    GesturesPropGetHandler getter{[](void* handlerData) -> GesturesPropBool {
+        int* array = static_cast<int*>(handlerData);
+        array[0] = 1;
+        array[1] = 2;
+        array[2] = 3;
+        array[3] = 4;
+        return true;
+    }};
+    gesturePropProvider.register_handlers_fn(&mProvider, propPtr, /* handler_data= */ intData,
+                                             getter, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Integers"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Integers");
+    EXPECT_THAT(prop.getIntValues(), ElementsAre(1, 2, 3, 4));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Int_Set) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 4;
+    int intData[COUNT] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    int initialValues[COUNT] = {9, 9, 9, 9};
+    GesturesProp* propPtr = gesturePropProvider.create_int_fn(&mProvider, "Some Integers", intData,
+                                                              COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    struct SetterData {
+        bool setterCalled;
+        int* propertyData;
+    };
+    SetterData setterData = {false, intData};
+    GesturesPropSetHandler setter{[](void* handlerData) {
+        SetterData* data = static_cast<SetterData*>(handlerData);
+        // Set handlers should be called after the property's data has changed, so check the data.
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[0], 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[1], 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[2], 3);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[3], 4);
+        data->setterCalled = true;
+    }};
+    gesturePropProvider.register_handlers_fn(&mProvider, propPtr, /* handler_data= */ &setterData,
+                                             nullptr, setter);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Integers"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Integers");
+    prop.setIntValues({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    EXPECT_THAT(intData, ElementsAre(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(setterData.setterCalled);
+    EXPECT_THAT(prop.getIntValues(), ElementsAre(1, 2, 3, 4));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Bool_Create) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 3;
+    GesturesPropBool boolData[COUNT] = {false, false, false};
+    GesturesPropBool initialValues[COUNT] = {true, false, false};
+    gesturePropProvider.create_bool_fn(&mProvider, "Some Booleans", boolData, COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Booleans"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Booleans");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getName(), "Some Booleans");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getCount(), COUNT);
+    EXPECT_THAT(boolData, ElementsAre(true, false, false));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Bool_Get) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 3;
+    GesturesPropBool boolData[COUNT] = {false, false, false};
+    GesturesPropBool initialValues[COUNT] = {true, false, false};
+    GesturesProp* propPtr = gesturePropProvider.create_bool_fn(&mProvider, "Some Booleans",
+                                                               boolData, COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    // Get handlers are supposed to be called before the property's data is accessed, so they can
+    // update it if necessary. This getter updates the values, so that the ordering can be checked.
+    GesturesPropGetHandler getter{[](void* handlerData) -> GesturesPropBool {
+        GesturesPropBool* array = static_cast<GesturesPropBool*>(handlerData);
+        array[0] = false;
+        array[1] = true;
+        array[2] = true;
+        return true;
+    }};
+    gesturePropProvider.register_handlers_fn(&mProvider, propPtr, /* handler_data= */ boolData,
+                                             getter, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Booleans"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Booleans");
+    EXPECT_THAT(prop.getBoolValues(), ElementsAre(false, true, true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Bool_Set) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 3;
+    GesturesPropBool boolData[COUNT] = {false, false, false};
+    GesturesPropBool initialValues[COUNT] = {true, false, false};
+    GesturesProp* propPtr = gesturePropProvider.create_bool_fn(&mProvider, "Some Booleans",
+                                                               boolData, COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    struct SetterData {
+        bool setterCalled;
+        GesturesPropBool* propertyData;
+    };
+    SetterData setterData = {false, boolData};
+    GesturesPropSetHandler setter{[](void* handlerData) {
+        SetterData* data = static_cast<SetterData*>(handlerData);
+        // Set handlers should be called after the property's data has changed, so check the data.
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[0], false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[1], true);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[2], true);
+        data->setterCalled = true;
+    }};
+    gesturePropProvider.register_handlers_fn(&mProvider, propPtr, /* handler_data= */ &setterData,
+                                             nullptr, setter);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Booleans"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Booleans");
+    prop.setBoolValues({false, true, true});
+    EXPECT_THAT(boolData, ElementsAre(false, true, true));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(setterData.setterCalled);
+    EXPECT_THAT(prop.getBoolValues(), ElementsAre(false, true, true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Real_Create) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 3;
+    double realData[COUNT] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+    double initialValues[COUNT] = {3.14, 0.7, -5.0};
+    gesturePropProvider.create_real_fn(&mProvider, "Some Reals", realData, COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Reals"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Reals");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getName(), "Some Reals");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getCount(), COUNT);
+    EXPECT_THAT(realData, ElementsAre(3.14, 0.7, -5.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Real_Get) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 3;
+    double realData[COUNT] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+    double initialValues[COUNT] = {-1.0, -1.0, -1.0};
+    GesturesProp* propPtr = gesturePropProvider.create_real_fn(&mProvider, "Some Reals", realData,
+                                                               COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    // Get handlers are supposed to be called before the property's data is accessed, so they can
+    // update it if necessary. This getter updates the values, so that the ordering can be checked.
+    GesturesPropGetHandler getter{[](void* handlerData) -> GesturesPropBool {
+        double* array = static_cast<double*>(handlerData);
+        array[0] = 3.14;
+        array[1] = 0.7;
+        array[2] = -5.0;
+        return true;
+    }};
+    gesturePropProvider.register_handlers_fn(&mProvider, propPtr, /* handler_data= */ realData,
+                                             getter, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Reals"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Reals");
+    EXPECT_THAT(prop.getRealValues(), ElementsAre(3.14, 0.7, -5.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Real_Set) {
+    const size_t COUNT = 3;
+    double realData[COUNT] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+    double initialValues[COUNT] = {-1.0, -1.0, -1.0};
+    GesturesProp* propPtr = gesturePropProvider.create_real_fn(&mProvider, "Some Reals", realData,
+                                                               COUNT, initialValues);
+
+    struct SetterData {
+        bool setterCalled;
+        double* propertyData;
+    };
+    SetterData setterData = {false, realData};
+    GesturesPropSetHandler setter{[](void* handlerData) {
+        SetterData* data = static_cast<SetterData*>(handlerData);
+        // Set handlers should be called after the property's data has changed, so check the data.
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[0], 3.14);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[1], 0.7);
+        EXPECT_EQ(data->propertyData[2], -5.0);
+        data->setterCalled = true;
+    }};
+    gesturePropProvider.register_handlers_fn(&mProvider, propPtr, /* handler_data= */ &setterData,
+                                             nullptr, setter);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("Some Reals"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("Some Reals");
+    prop.setRealValues({3.14, 0.7, -5.0});
+    EXPECT_THAT(realData, ElementsAre(3.14, 0.7, -5.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(setterData.setterCalled);
+    EXPECT_THAT(prop.getRealValues(), ElementsAre(3.14, 0.7, -5.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, String_Create) {
+    const char* str = nullptr;
+    std::string initialValue = "Foo";
+    gesturePropProvider.create_string_fn(&mProvider, "A String", &str, initialValue.c_str());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("A String"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("A String");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getName(), "A String");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getCount(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(str, "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, String_Get) {
+    const char* str = nullptr;
+    std::string initialValue = "Foo";
+    GesturesProp* propPtr = gesturePropProvider.create_string_fn(&mProvider, "A String", &str,
+                                                                 initialValue.c_str());
+
+    // Get handlers are supposed to be called before the property's data is accessed, so they can
+    // update it if necessary. This getter updates the values, so that the ordering can be checked.
+    struct GetterData {
+        const char** strPtr;
+        std::string newValue; // Have to store the new value outside getter so it stays allocated.
+    };
+    GetterData getterData = {&str, "Bar"};
+    GesturesPropGetHandler getter{[](void* handlerData) -> GesturesPropBool {
+        GetterData* data = static_cast<GetterData*>(handlerData);
+        *data->strPtr = data->newValue.c_str();
+        return true;
+    }};
+    gesturePropProvider.register_handlers_fn(&mProvider, propPtr, /* handler_data= */ &getterData,
+                                             getter, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mProvider.hasProperty("A String"));
+    GesturesProp& prop = mProvider.getProperty("A String");
+    EXPECT_EQ(prop.getStringValue(), "Bar");
+}
+
+TEST_F(PropertyProviderTest, Free) {
+    int intData = 0;
+    int initialValue = 42;
+    GesturesProp* propPtr =
+            gesturePropProvider.create_int_fn(&mProvider, "Foo", &intData, 1, &initialValue);
+    gesturePropProvider.free_fn(&mProvider, propPtr);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mProvider.hasProperty("Foo"));
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/UnwantedInteractionBlocker_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/UnwantedInteractionBlocker_test.cpp
index 4c84160..e12f88e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/UnwantedInteractionBlocker_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/UnwantedInteractionBlocker_test.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
 
     auto info = InputDeviceInfo();
     info.initialize(DEVICE_ID, /*generation*/ 1, /*controllerNumber*/ 1, identifier, "alias",
-                    /*isExternal*/ false, /*hasMic*/ false);
+                    /*isExternal*/ false, /*hasMic*/ false, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
     info.addSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN);
     info.addMotionRange(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, 0, 1599, /*flat*/ 0,
                         /*fuzz*/ 0, X_RESOLUTION);
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/SensorManager.cpp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/SensorManager.cpp
index 9b03344..b7aecdf 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/aidl/SensorManager.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/SensorManager.cpp
@@ -185,12 +185,8 @@
 }
 
 ::android::SensorManager& SensorManagerAidl::getInternalManager() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mInternalManagerMutex);
-    if (mInternalManager == nullptr) {
-        mInternalManager = &::android::SensorManager::getInstanceForPackage(
-                String16(ISensorManager::descriptor));
-    }
-    return *mInternalManager;
+    return ::android::SensorManager::getInstanceForPackage(
+            String16(ISensorManager::descriptor));
 }
 
 /* One global looper for all event queues created from this SensorManager. */
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/include/sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h b/services/sensorservice/aidl/include/sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h
index c77ee88..83496f6 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/aidl/include/sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/include/sensorserviceaidl/SensorManagerAidl.h
@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@
     ::android::SensorManager& getInternalManager();
     sp<Looper> getLooper();
 
-    std::mutex mInternalManagerMutex;
-    ::android::SensorManager* mInternalManager = nullptr; // does not own
     sp<Looper> mLooper;
 
     volatile bool mStopThread;
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/hidl/SensorManager.cpp b/services/sensorservice/hidl/SensorManager.cpp
index 9380600..f04712c 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/hidl/SensorManager.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/hidl/SensorManager.cpp
@@ -193,12 +193,8 @@
 }
 
 ::android::SensorManager& SensorManager::getInternalManager() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mInternalManagerMutex);
-    if (mInternalManager == nullptr) {
-        mInternalManager = &::android::SensorManager::getInstanceForPackage(
-                String16(ISensorManager::descriptor));
-    }
-    return *mInternalManager;
+    return ::android::SensorManager::getInstanceForPackage(
+            String16(ISensorManager::descriptor));
 }
 
 Return<void> SensorManager::createEventQueue(
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/hidl/include/sensorservicehidl/SensorManager.h b/services/sensorservice/hidl/include/sensorservicehidl/SensorManager.h
index 8d7a05b..1b085ac 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/hidl/include/sensorservicehidl/SensorManager.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/hidl/include/sensorservicehidl/SensorManager.h
@@ -58,8 +58,6 @@
     ::android::SensorManager& getInternalManager();
     sp<Looper> getLooper();
 
-    std::mutex mInternalManagerMutex;
-    ::android::SensorManager* mInternalManager = nullptr; // does not own
     sp<Looper> mLooper;
 
     volatile bool mStopThread;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
index e0dcab5..fe7cff7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@
         "EventLog/EventLog.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.cpp",
+        "FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp",
+        "FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp",
         "FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp",
@@ -176,7 +178,6 @@
         "RefreshRateOverlay.cpp",
         "RegionSamplingThread.cpp",
         "RenderArea.cpp",
-        "Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp",
         "Scheduler/EventThread.cpp",
         "Scheduler/FrameRateOverrideMappings.cpp",
         "Scheduler/OneShotTimer.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
index 33caa7a..6199a5a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
@@ -112,6 +112,11 @@
     MOCK_METHOD1(clearBootDisplayMode, status_t(PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD1(getPreferredBootDisplayMode, std::optional<hal::HWConfigId>(PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD0(getBootDisplayModeSupport, bool());
+    MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(
+            getHdrConversionCapabilities,
+            std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>());
+    MOCK_METHOD1(setHdrConversionStrategy,
+                 status_t(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy));
     MOCK_METHOD2(setAutoLowLatencyMode, status_t(PhysicalDisplayId, bool));
     MOCK_METHOD(status_t, getSupportedContentTypes,
                 (PhysicalDisplayId, std::vector<hal::ContentType>*), (const, override));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 96ae77f..c61f7d8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -166,12 +166,13 @@
             .receivesInput = receivesInput(),
             .isSecure = isSecure(),
             .isPrimary = isPrimary(),
-            .rotationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOrientation)};
+            .rotationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOrientation),
+            .transformHint = getTransformHint()};
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode mode) {
     if (mode == hal::PowerMode::OFF || mode == hal::PowerMode::ON) {
-        if (mStagedBrightness && mBrightness != *mStagedBrightness) {
+        if (mStagedBrightness && mBrightness != mStagedBrightness) {
             getCompositionDisplay()->setNextBrightness(*mStagedBrightness);
             mBrightness = *mStagedBrightness;
         }
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::persistBrightness(bool needsComposite) {
-    if (mStagedBrightness && mBrightness != *mStagedBrightness) {
+    if (mStagedBrightness && mBrightness != mStagedBrightness) {
         if (needsComposite) {
             getCompositionDisplay()->setNextBrightness(*mStagedBrightness);
         }
@@ -410,7 +411,8 @@
                            capabilities.getDesiredMinLuminance());
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate) {
+void DisplayDevice::enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate,
+                                             bool showInMiddle) {
     if (!enable) {
         mRefreshRateOverlay.reset();
         return;
@@ -425,6 +427,10 @@
         features |= RefreshRateOverlay::Features::RenderRate;
     }
 
+    if (showInMiddle) {
+        features |= RefreshRateOverlay::Features::ShowInMiddle;
+    }
+
     const auto fpsRange = mRefreshRateSelector->getSupportedRefreshRateRange();
     mRefreshRateOverlay = std::make_unique<RefreshRateOverlay>(fpsRange, features);
     mRefreshRateOverlay->setLayerStack(getLayerStack());
@@ -474,8 +480,9 @@
     const auto& desiredMode = *info.modeOpt->modePtr;
 
     // Check if we are already at the desired mode
-    if (!force && refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().modePtr->getId() == desiredMode.getId()) {
-        if (refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode() == info.modeOpt) {
+    const auto currentMode = refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode();
+    if (!force && currentMode.modePtr->getId() == desiredMode.getId()) {
+        if (currentMode == info.modeOpt) {
             return DesiredActiveModeAction::None;
         }
 
@@ -483,6 +490,11 @@
         return DesiredActiveModeAction::InitiateRenderRateSwitch;
     }
 
+    // Set the render frame rate to the current physical refresh rate to schedule the next
+    // frame as soon as possible.
+    setActiveMode(currentMode.modePtr->getId(), currentMode.modePtr->getFps(),
+                  currentMode.modePtr->getFps());
+
     // Initiate a mode change.
     mDesiredActiveModeChanged = true;
     mDesiredActiveMode = info;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index d757673..370bd66 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -237,8 +237,8 @@
     }
 
     // Enables an overlay to be displayed with the current refresh rate
-    void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate)
-            REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner, bool showRenderRate,
+                                  bool showInMiddle) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
     bool isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled() const { return mRefreshRateOverlay != nullptr; }
     bool onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId>, bool timerExpired);
     void animateRefreshRateOverlay();
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
     std::optional<hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode> mPowerMode;
 
     std::optional<float> mStagedBrightness;
-    float mBrightness = -1.f;
+    std::optional<float> mBrightness;
 
     // TODO(b/182939859): Remove special cases for primary display.
     const bool mIsPrimary;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
index e372b72..9470552 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@
 using AidlDisplayAttribute = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayAttribute;
 using AidlDisplayCapability = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayCapability;
 using AidlHdrCapabilities = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::HdrCapabilities;
+using AidlHdrConversionCapability =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability;
+using AidlHdrConversionStrategy = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy;
 using AidlOverlayProperties = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties;
 using AidlPerFrameMetadata = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadata;
 using AidlPerFrameMetadataKey = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataKey;
@@ -1396,6 +1399,27 @@
     return Error::NONE;
 }
 
+Error AidlComposer::getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+        std::vector<AidlHdrConversionCapability>* hdrConversionCapabilities) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getHdrConversionCapabilities(hdrConversionCapabilities);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        hdrConversionCapabilities = {};
+        ALOGE("getHdrConversionCapabilities failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setHdrConversionStrategy(AidlHdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setHdrConversionStrategy(hdrConversionStrategy);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setHdrConversionStrategy failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
 Error AidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
         Display display, ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness* outClientTargetProperty) {
     Error error = Error::NONE;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
index 9a7ade7..a5ddf74 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
 namespace android::Hwc2 {
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::DisplayDecorationSupport;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ComposerClientReader;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ComposerClientWriter;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties;
@@ -235,6 +237,8 @@
                                         AidlTransform* outDisplayOrientation) override;
     void onHotplugConnect(Display) override;
     void onHotplugDisconnect(Display) override;
+    Error getHdrConversionCapabilities(std::vector<HdrConversionCapability>*) override;
+    Error setHdrConversionStrategy(HdrConversionStrategy) override;
 
 private:
     // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
index 1c2b8b5..82b677e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/DisplayDecorationSupport.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/HdrConversionCapability.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/HdrConversionStrategy.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Capability.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Color.h>
@@ -288,6 +290,10 @@
     virtual Error getOverlaySupport(V3_0::OverlayProperties* outProperties) = 0;
     virtual void onHotplugConnect(Display) = 0;
     virtual void onHotplugDisconnect(Display) = 0;
+    virtual Error getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>*) = 0;
+    virtual Error setHdrConversionStrategy(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy) = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
index 6738f00..aaf2523 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
@@ -842,25 +842,24 @@
                                    mHdrMetadata.cta8613.maxFrameAverageLightLevel}});
     }
 
-    Error error = static_cast<Error>(
-            mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(mDisplay->getId(), mId, perFrameMetadatas));
+    const Error error = static_cast<Error>(
+        mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(mDisplay->getId(), mId, perFrameMetadatas));
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
 
+    std::vector<Hwc2::PerFrameMetadataBlob> perFrameMetadataBlobs;
     if (validTypes & HdrMetadata::HDR10PLUS) {
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(mHdrMetadata.hdr10plus.size() == 0)) {
             return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
         }
 
-        std::vector<Hwc2::PerFrameMetadataBlob> perFrameMetadataBlobs;
         perFrameMetadataBlobs.push_back(
                 {Hwc2::PerFrameMetadataKey::HDR10_PLUS_SEI, mHdrMetadata.hdr10plus});
-        Error setMetadataBlobsError =
-                static_cast<Error>(mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(mDisplay->getId(), mId,
-                                                                           perFrameMetadataBlobs));
-        if (error == Error::NONE) {
-            return setMetadataBlobsError;
-        }
     }
-    return error;
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(
+            mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(mDisplay->getId(), mId, perFrameMetadataBlobs));
 }
 
 Error Layer::setDisplayFrame(const Rect& frame)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index 10fde2a..7dde6b4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@
 #define RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, ...) \
     RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR_FOR(__FUNCTION__, error, displayId, __VA_ARGS__)
 
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Capability;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayCapability;
 namespace hal = android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal;
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@
     loadCapabilities();
     loadLayerMetadataSupport();
     loadOverlayProperties();
+    loadHdrConversionCapabilities();
 
     if (mRegisteredCallback) {
         ALOGW("Callback already registered. Ignored extra registration attempt.");
@@ -787,6 +790,18 @@
     return displayModeId;
 }
 
+std::vector<HdrConversionCapability> HWComposer::getHdrConversionCapabilities() const {
+    return mHdrConversionCapabilities;
+}
+
+status_t HWComposer::setHdrConversionStrategy(HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy) {
+    const auto error = mComposer->setHdrConversionStrategy(hdrConversionStrategy);
+    if (error != hal::Error::NONE) {
+        ALOGE("Error in setting HDR conversion strategy %s", to_string(error).c_str());
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 status_t HWComposer::getDisplayDecorationSupport(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
         std::optional<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::DisplayDecorationSupport>*
@@ -979,6 +994,14 @@
     mComposer->getOverlaySupport(&mOverlayProperties);
 }
 
+void HWComposer::loadHdrConversionCapabilities() {
+    const auto error = mComposer->getHdrConversionCapabilities(&mHdrConversionCapabilities);
+    if (error != hal::Error::NONE) {
+        ALOGE("Error in fetching HDR conversion capabilities %s", to_string(error).c_str());
+        mHdrConversionCapabilities = {};
+    }
+}
+
 status_t HWComposer::setIdleTimerEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                          std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index 78d4a68..f6155d2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
 #include "Hal.h"
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/DisplayDecorationSupport.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/HdrConversionCapability.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/HdrConversionStrategy.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Capability.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h>
@@ -286,6 +288,10 @@
     virtual status_t setIdleTimerEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) = 0;
     virtual bool hasDisplayIdleTimerCapability(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
     virtual Hwc2::AidlTransform getPhysicalDisplayOrientation(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>
+    getHdrConversionCapabilities() const = 0;
+    virtual status_t setHdrConversionStrategy(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy) = 0;
 };
 
 static inline bool operator==(const android::HWComposer::DeviceRequestedChanges& lhs,
@@ -437,6 +443,10 @@
     status_t setIdleTimerEnabled(PhysicalDisplayId, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) override;
     bool hasDisplayIdleTimerCapability(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
     Hwc2::AidlTransform getPhysicalDisplayOrientation(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
+    std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>
+    getHdrConversionCapabilities() const override;
+    status_t setHdrConversionStrategy(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy) override;
 
     // for debugging ----------------------------------------------------------
     void dump(std::string& out) const override;
@@ -490,12 +500,16 @@
     void loadCapabilities();
     void loadLayerMetadataSupport();
     void loadOverlayProperties();
+    void loadHdrConversionCapabilities();
 
     std::unordered_map<HalDisplayId, DisplayData> mDisplayData;
 
     std::unique_ptr<android::Hwc2::Composer> mComposer;
     std::unordered_set<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Capability> mCapabilities;
     aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::OverlayProperties mOverlayProperties;
+    std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>
+            mHdrConversionCapabilities = {};
+
     std::unordered_map<std::string, bool> mSupportedLayerGenericMetadata;
     bool mRegisteredCallback = false;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
index c9e1e79..6fdb2d7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Capability;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DimmingStage;
@@ -1348,6 +1350,14 @@
     return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
 }
 
+Error HidlComposer::getHdrConversionCapabilities(std::vector<HdrConversionCapability>*) {
+    return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setHdrConversionStrategy(HdrConversionStrategy) {
+    return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+}
+
 Error HidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
         Display display, ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness* outClientTargetProperty) {
     IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty property;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
index 921add5..8280af2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
@@ -343,6 +343,11 @@
                                         AidlTransform* outDisplayOrientation) override;
     void onHotplugConnect(Display) override;
     void onHotplugDisconnect(Display) override;
+    Error getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+            std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>*)
+            override;
+    Error setHdrConversionStrategy(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy) override;
 
 private:
     class CommandWriter : public CommandWriterBase {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h
index 31074b1..d54d22d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h
@@ -314,12 +314,12 @@
     virtual void parseArgs(const Vector<String16>& args, std::string& result) = 0;
 
     // Sets the max number of display frames that can be stored. Called by SF backdoor.
-    virtual void setMaxDisplayFrames(uint32_t size);
+    virtual void setMaxDisplayFrames(uint32_t size) = 0;
 
     // Computes the historical fps for the provided set of layer IDs
     // The fps is compted from the linear timeline of present timestamps for DisplayFrames
     // containing at least one layer ID.
-    virtual float computeFps(const std::unordered_set<int32_t>& layerIds);
+    virtual float computeFps(const std::unordered_set<int32_t>& layerIds) = 0;
 
     // Restores the max number of display frames to default. Called by SF backdoor.
     virtual void reset() = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h
index 0c7b24a..6b9d7a2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include <gui/DisplayInfo.h>
 
 namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
@@ -29,6 +31,16 @@
     // TODO(b/238781169) can eliminate once sPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags is removed.
     bool isPrimary;
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags rotationFlags;
+    ui::Transform::RotationFlags transformHint;
+    std::string getDebugString() const {
+        std::stringstream debug;
+        debug << "DisplayInfo {displayId=" << info.displayId << " lw=" << info.logicalWidth
+              << " lh=" << info.logicalHeight << " transform={" << transform.dsdx() << " ,"
+              << transform.dsdy() << " ," << transform.dtdx() << " ," << transform.dtdy()
+              << "} isSecure=" << isSecure << " isPrimary=" << isPrimary
+              << " rotationFlags=" << rotationFlags << " transformHint=" << transformHint << "}";
+        return debug.str();
+    }
 };
 
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
index db4e8af..678d36b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
                         const std::pair<LayerHierarchy*, LayerHierarchy::Variant>& rhs) {
     auto lhsLayer = lhs.first->getLayer();
     auto rhsLayer = rhs.first->getLayer();
-    if (lhsLayer->layerStack != rhsLayer->layerStack) {
-        return lhsLayer->layerStack.id < rhsLayer->layerStack.id;
+    if (lhsLayer->layerStack.id != rhsLayer->layerStack.id) {
+        return lhsLayer->layerStack.id > rhsLayer->layerStack.id;
     }
     if (lhsLayer->z != rhsLayer->z) {
         return lhsLayer->z < rhsLayer->z;
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@
     for (auto it = mChildren.begin(); it < mChildren.end(); it++) {
         auto& [child, childVariant] = *it;
         if (traverseThisLayer && child->getLayer()->z >= 0) {
+            traverseThisLayer = false;
             bool breakTraversal = !visitor(*this, traversalPath);
             if (breakTraversal) {
                 return;
             }
-            traverseThisLayer = false;
         }
         if (childVariant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Detached) {
             continue;
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 
 std::string LayerHierarchy::getDebugStringShort() const {
     std::string debug = "LayerHierarchy{";
-    debug += ((mLayer) ? mLayer->getDebugStringShort() : "root") + " ";
+    debug += ((mLayer) ? mLayer->getDebugString() : "root") + " ";
     if (mChildren.empty()) {
         debug += "no children";
     } else {
@@ -401,10 +401,13 @@
     return it->second;
 }
 
-LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath::ROOT_TRAVERSAL_ID =
+const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath::ROOT =
         {.id = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID, .variant = LayerHierarchy::Attached};
 
 std::string LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath::toString() const {
+    if (id == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+        return "TraversalPath{ROOT}";
+    }
     std::string debugString = "TraversalPath{.id = " + std::to_string(id);
 
     if (!mirrorRootIds.empty()) {
@@ -437,20 +440,22 @@
                                                                    LayerHierarchy::Variant variant)
       : mTraversalPath(traversalPath),
         mParentId(traversalPath.id),
-        mParentVariant(traversalPath.variant) {
+        mParentVariant(traversalPath.variant),
+        mParentDetached(traversalPath.detached) {
     // Update the traversal id with the child layer id and variant. Parent id and variant are
     // stored to reset the id upon destruction.
     traversalPath.id = layerId;
     traversalPath.variant = variant;
     if (variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Mirror) {
         traversalPath.mirrorRootIds.emplace_back(layerId);
-    }
-    if (variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Relative) {
+    } else if (variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Relative) {
         if (std::find(traversalPath.relativeRootIds.begin(), traversalPath.relativeRootIds.end(),
                       layerId) != traversalPath.relativeRootIds.end()) {
             traversalPath.invalidRelativeRootId = layerId;
         }
         traversalPath.relativeRootIds.emplace_back(layerId);
+    } else if (variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Detached) {
+        traversalPath.detached = true;
     }
 }
 LayerHierarchy::ScopedAddToTraversalPath::~ScopedAddToTraversalPath() {
@@ -458,8 +463,7 @@
     // the constructor.
     if (mTraversalPath.variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Mirror) {
         mTraversalPath.mirrorRootIds.pop_back();
-    }
-    if (mTraversalPath.variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Relative) {
+    } else if (mTraversalPath.variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Relative) {
         mTraversalPath.relativeRootIds.pop_back();
     }
     if (mTraversalPath.invalidRelativeRootId == mTraversalPath.id) {
@@ -467,6 +471,7 @@
     }
     mTraversalPath.id = mParentId;
     mTraversalPath.variant = mParentVariant;
+    mTraversalPath.detached = mParentDetached;
 }
 
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h
index f83a859..ca8d301 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h
@@ -41,11 +41,13 @@
 // states.
 class LayerHierarchy {
 public:
-    enum Variant {
+    enum Variant : uint32_t {
         Attached,
         Detached,
         Relative,
         Mirror,
+        ftl_first = Attached,
+        ftl_last = Mirror,
     };
     // Represents a unique path to a node.
     struct TraversalPath {
@@ -63,15 +65,22 @@
         // First duplicate relative root id found. If this is a valid layer id that means we are
         // in a loop.
         uint32_t invalidRelativeRootId = UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID;
+        // See isAttached()
+        bool detached = false;
         bool hasRelZLoop() const { return invalidRelativeRootId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID; }
-        bool isRelative() { return !relativeRootIds.empty(); }
+        // Returns true if this node is reached via one or more relative parents.
+        bool isRelative() const { return !relativeRootIds.empty(); }
+        // Returns true if the node or its parents are not Detached.
+        bool isAttached() const { return !detached; }
+        // Returns true if the node is a clone.
+        bool isClone() const { return !mirrorRootIds.empty(); }
 
         bool operator==(const TraversalPath& other) const {
             return id == other.id && mirrorRootIds == other.mirrorRootIds;
         }
         std::string toString() const;
 
-        static TraversalPath ROOT_TRAVERSAL_ID;
+        static const TraversalPath ROOT;
     };
 
     // Helper class to add nodes to an existing traversal id and removes the
@@ -86,6 +95,7 @@
         TraversalPath& mTraversalPath;
         uint32_t mParentId;
         LayerHierarchy::Variant mParentVariant;
+        bool mParentDetached;
     };
     LayerHierarchy(RequestedLayerState* layer);
 
@@ -98,12 +108,14 @@
 
     // Traverse the hierarchy and visit all child variants.
     void traverse(const Visitor& visitor) const {
-        traverse(visitor, TraversalPath::ROOT_TRAVERSAL_ID);
+        TraversalPath root = TraversalPath::ROOT;
+        traverse(visitor, root);
     }
 
     // Traverse the hierarchy in z-order, skipping children that have relative parents.
     void traverseInZOrder(const Visitor& visitor) const {
-        traverseInZOrder(visitor, TraversalPath::ROOT_TRAVERSAL_ID);
+        TraversalPath root = TraversalPath::ROOT;
+        traverseInZOrder(visitor, root);
     }
 
     const RequestedLayerState* getLayer() const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
index fdf60b3..5514c06 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
@@ -210,10 +210,7 @@
                 layer->touchCropId = linkLayer(layer->touchCropId, layer->id);
             }
 
-            mGlobalChanges |= layer->changes &
-                    (RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy |
-                     RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
-                     RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content);
+            mGlobalChanges |= layer->changes;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLog.h
similarity index 64%
copy from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
copy to services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLog.h
index c86de34..47e1e30 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLog.h
@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.gui;
+#pragma once
 
-parcelable ReleaseCallbackId cpp_header "gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h";
+// Uncomment to trace layer updates for a single layer
+// #define LOG_LAYER 1
+
+#ifdef LOG_LAYER
+#define LLOGV(LAYER_ID, x, ...) \
+    ALOGV_IF(((LAYER_ID) == LOG_LAYER), "[%d] %s " x, LOG_LAYER, __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
+#else
+#define LLOGV(LAYER_ID, x, ...) ALOGV("[%d] %s " x, (LAYER_ID), __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
+#endif
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a0540c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LayerSnapshot"
+
+#include "LayerSnapshot.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
+
+LayerSnapshot::LayerSnapshot(const RequestedLayerState& state,
+                             const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& path)
+      : path(path) {
+    sequence = static_cast<int32_t>(state.id);
+    name = state.name;
+    textureName = state.textureName;
+    premultipliedAlpha = state.premultipliedAlpha;
+    inputInfo.name = state.name;
+    inputInfo.id = static_cast<int32_t>(state.id);
+    inputInfo.ownerUid = static_cast<int32_t>(state.ownerUid);
+    inputInfo.ownerPid = state.ownerPid;
+}
+
+// As documented in libhardware header, formats in the range
+// 0x100 - 0x1FF are specific to the HAL implementation, and
+// are known to have no alpha channel
+// TODO: move definition for device-specific range into
+// hardware.h, instead of using hard-coded values here.
+#define HARDWARE_IS_DEVICE_FORMAT(f) ((f) >= 0x100 && (f) <= 0x1FF)
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::isOpaqueFormat(PixelFormat format) {
+    if (HARDWARE_IS_DEVICE_FORMAT(format)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    switch (format) {
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8:
+            return false;
+    }
+    // in all other case, we have no blending (also for unknown formats)
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::hasBufferOrSidebandStream() const {
+    return ((sidebandStream != nullptr) || (externalTexture != nullptr));
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::drawShadows() const {
+    return shadowSettings.length > 0.f;
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::fillsColor() const {
+    return !hasBufferOrSidebandStream() && color.r >= 0.0_hf && color.g >= 0.0_hf &&
+            color.b >= 0.0_hf;
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::hasBlur() const {
+    return backgroundBlurRadius > 0 || blurRegions.size() > 0;
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::hasEffect() const {
+    return fillsColor() || drawShadows() || hasBlur();
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::hasSomethingToDraw() const {
+    return hasEffect() || hasBufferOrSidebandStream();
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::isContentOpaque() const {
+    // if we don't have a buffer or sidebandStream yet, we're translucent regardless of the
+    // layer's opaque flag.
+    if (!hasSomethingToDraw()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // if the layer has the opaque flag, then we're always opaque
+    if (layerOpaqueFlagSet) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // If the buffer has no alpha channel, then we are opaque
+    if (hasBufferOrSidebandStream() &&
+        isOpaqueFormat(externalTexture ? externalTexture->getPixelFormat() : PIXEL_FORMAT_NONE)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Lastly consider the layer opaque if drawing a color with alpha == 1.0
+    return fillsColor() && color.a == 1.0_hf;
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::isHiddenByPolicy() const {
+    return invalidTransform || isHiddenByPolicyFromParent || isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent;
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::getIsVisible() const {
+    if (!hasSomethingToDraw()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (isHiddenByPolicy()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return color.a > 0.0f || hasBlur();
+}
+
+std::string LayerSnapshot::getIsVisibleReason() const {
+    // not visible
+    if (!hasSomethingToDraw()) return "!hasSomethingToDraw";
+    if (invalidTransform) return "invalidTransform";
+    if (isHiddenByPolicyFromParent) return "hidden by parent or layer flag";
+    if (isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent) return "hidden by relative parent";
+    if (color.a == 0.0f && !hasBlur()) return "alpha = 0 and no blur";
+
+    // visible
+    std::stringstream reason;
+    if (sidebandStream != nullptr) reason << " sidebandStream";
+    if (externalTexture != nullptr) reason << " buffer";
+    if (fillsColor() || color.a > 0.0f) reason << " color{" << color << "}";
+    if (drawShadows()) reason << " shadowSettings.length=" << shadowSettings.length;
+    if (backgroundBlurRadius > 0) reason << " backgroundBlurRadius=" << backgroundBlurRadius;
+    if (blurRegions.size() > 0) reason << " blurRegions.size()=" << blurRegions.size();
+    return reason.str();
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::canReceiveInput() const {
+    return !isHiddenByPolicy() && (!hasBufferOrSidebandStream() || color.a > 0.0f);
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::isTransformValid(const ui::Transform& t) {
+    float transformDet = t.det();
+    return transformDet != 0 && !isinf(transformDet) && !isnan(transformDet);
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshot::hasInputInfo() const {
+    return inputInfo.token != nullptr ||
+            inputInfo.inputConfig.test(gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL);
+}
+
+std::string LayerSnapshot::getDebugString() const {
+    std::stringstream debug;
+    debug << "Snapshot{" << path.toString() << name << " isVisible=" << isVisible << " {"
+          << getIsVisibleReason() << "} changes=" << changes.string() << "}";
+    return debug.str();
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4512ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h>
+#include <renderengine/LayerSettings.h>
+#include "LayerHierarchy.h"
+#include "RequestedLayerState.h"
+#include "Scheduler/LayerInfo.h"
+#include "android-base/stringprintf.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+struct RoundedCornerState {
+    RoundedCornerState() = default;
+    RoundedCornerState(const FloatRect& cropRect, const vec2& radius)
+          : cropRect(cropRect), radius(radius) {}
+
+    // Rounded rectangle in local layer coordinate space.
+    FloatRect cropRect = FloatRect();
+    // Radius of the rounded rectangle.
+    vec2 radius;
+    bool hasRoundedCorners() const { return radius.x > 0.0f && radius.y > 0.0f; }
+    bool operator==(RoundedCornerState const& rhs) const {
+        return cropRect == rhs.cropRect && radius == rhs.radius;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ChildState {
+    bool hasValidFrameRate = false;
+};
+
+// LayerSnapshot stores Layer state used by CompositionEngine and RenderEngine. Composition
+// Engine uses a pointer to LayerSnapshot (as LayerFECompositionState*) and the LayerSettings
+// passed to Render Engine are created using properties stored on this struct.
+struct LayerSnapshot : public compositionengine::LayerFECompositionState {
+    LayerSnapshot() = default;
+    LayerSnapshot(const RequestedLayerState&, const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath&);
+
+    LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath path;
+    size_t globalZ = std::numeric_limits<ssize_t>::max();
+    bool invalidTransform = false;
+    bool isHiddenByPolicyFromParent = false;
+    bool isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent = false;
+    ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes> changes;
+    int32_t sequence;
+    std::string name;
+    uint32_t textureName;
+    bool contentOpaque;
+    bool layerOpaqueFlagSet;
+    RoundedCornerState roundedCorner;
+    FloatRect transformedBounds;
+    Rect transformedBoundsWithoutTransparentRegion;
+    renderengine::ShadowSettings shadowSettings;
+    bool premultipliedAlpha;
+    bool isHdrY410;
+    bool bufferNeedsFiltering;
+    ui::Transform parentTransform;
+    Rect bufferSize;
+    Rect croppedBufferSize;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> externalTexture;
+    gui::LayerMetadata layerMetadata;
+    gui::LayerMetadata relativeLayerMetadata;
+    bool hasReadyFrame;
+    ui::Transform localTransformInverse;
+    gui::WindowInfo inputInfo;
+    ui::Transform localTransform;
+    gui::DropInputMode dropInputMode;
+    bool isTrustedOverlay;
+    gui::GameMode gameMode;
+    scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate frameRate;
+    ui::Transform::RotationFlags fixedTransformHint;
+    ChildState childState;
+
+    static bool isOpaqueFormat(PixelFormat format);
+    static bool isTransformValid(const ui::Transform& t);
+
+    bool canReceiveInput() const;
+    bool drawShadows() const;
+    bool fillsColor() const;
+    bool getIsVisible() const;
+    bool hasBlur() const;
+    bool hasBufferOrSidebandStream() const;
+    bool hasEffect() const;
+    bool hasSomethingToDraw() const;
+    bool isContentOpaque() const;
+    bool isHiddenByPolicy() const;
+    std::string getDebugString() const;
+    std::string getIsVisibleReason() const;
+    bool hasInputInfo() const;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40dffb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LayerSnapshotBuilder"
+
+#include "LayerSnapshotBuilder.h"
+#include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
+#include <numeric>
+#include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
+#include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
+#include "LayerLog.h"
+#include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
+#include "ftl/small_map.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
+
+namespace {
+FloatRect getMaxDisplayBounds(
+        const display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, frontend::DisplayInfo>& displays) {
+    const ui::Size maxSize = [&displays] {
+        if (displays.empty()) return ui::Size{5000, 5000};
+
+        return std::accumulate(displays.begin(), displays.end(), ui::kEmptySize,
+                               [](ui::Size size, const auto& pair) -> ui::Size {
+                                   const auto& display = pair.second;
+                                   return {std::max(size.getWidth(), display.info.logicalWidth),
+                                           std::max(size.getHeight(), display.info.logicalHeight)};
+                               });
+    }();
+
+    // Ignore display bounds for now since they will be computed later. Use a large Rect bound
+    // to ensure it's bigger than an actual display will be.
+    const float xMax = static_cast<float>(maxSize.getWidth()) * 10.f;
+    const float yMax = static_cast<float>(maxSize.getHeight()) * 10.f;
+
+    return {-xMax, -yMax, xMax, yMax};
+}
+
+// Applies the given transform to the region, while protecting against overflows caused by any
+// offsets. If applying the offset in the transform to any of the Rects in the region would result
+// in an overflow, they are not added to the output Region.
+Region transformTouchableRegionSafely(const ui::Transform& t, const Region& r,
+                                      const std::string& debugWindowName) {
+    // Round the translation using the same rounding strategy used by ui::Transform.
+    const auto tx = static_cast<int32_t>(t.tx() + 0.5);
+    const auto ty = static_cast<int32_t>(t.ty() + 0.5);
+
+    ui::Transform transformWithoutOffset = t;
+    transformWithoutOffset.set(0.f, 0.f);
+
+    const Region transformed = transformWithoutOffset.transform(r);
+
+    // Apply the translation to each of the Rects in the region while discarding any that overflow.
+    Region ret;
+    for (const auto& rect : transformed) {
+        Rect newRect;
+        if (__builtin_add_overflow(rect.left, tx, &newRect.left) ||
+            __builtin_add_overflow(rect.top, ty, &newRect.top) ||
+            __builtin_add_overflow(rect.right, tx, &newRect.right) ||
+            __builtin_add_overflow(rect.bottom, ty, &newRect.bottom)) {
+            ALOGE("Applying transform to touchable region of window '%s' resulted in an overflow.",
+                  debugWindowName.c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+        ret.orSelf(newRect);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We don't want to send the layer's transform to input, but rather the
+ * parent's transform. This is because Layer's transform is
+ * information about how the buffer is placed on screen. The parent's
+ * transform makes more sense to send since it's information about how the
+ * layer is placed on screen. This transform is used by input to determine
+ * how to go from screen space back to window space.
+ */
+ui::Transform getInputTransform(const LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+    if (!snapshot.hasBufferOrSidebandStream()) {
+        return snapshot.geomLayerTransform;
+    }
+    return snapshot.parentTransform;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Similar to getInputTransform, we need to update the bounds to include the transform.
+ * This is because bounds don't include the buffer transform, where the input assumes
+ * that's already included.
+ */
+Rect getInputBounds(const LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+    if (!snapshot.hasBufferOrSidebandStream()) {
+        return snapshot.croppedBufferSize;
+    }
+
+    if (snapshot.localTransform.getType() == ui::Transform::IDENTITY ||
+        !snapshot.croppedBufferSize.isValid()) {
+        return snapshot.croppedBufferSize;
+    }
+    return snapshot.localTransform.transform(snapshot.croppedBufferSize);
+}
+
+void fillInputFrameInfo(gui::WindowInfo& info, const ui::Transform& screenToDisplay,
+                        const LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+    Rect tmpBounds = getInputBounds(snapshot);
+    if (!tmpBounds.isValid()) {
+        info.touchableRegion.clear();
+        // A layer could have invalid input bounds and still expect to receive touch input if it has
+        // replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop. For that case, the input transform needs to be calculated
+        // correctly to determine the coordinate space for input events. Use an empty rect so that
+        // the layer will receive input in its own layer space.
+        tmpBounds = Rect::EMPTY_RECT;
+    }
+
+    // InputDispatcher works in the display device's coordinate space. Here, we calculate the
+    // frame and transform used for the layer, which determines the bounds and the coordinate space
+    // within which the layer will receive input.
+    //
+    // The coordinate space within which each of the bounds are specified is explicitly documented
+    // in the variable name. For example "inputBoundsInLayer" is specified in layer space. A
+    // Transform converts one coordinate space to another, which is apparent in its naming. For
+    // example, "layerToDisplay" transforms layer space to display space.
+    //
+    // Coordinate space definitions:
+    //   - display: The display device's coordinate space. Correlates to pixels on the display.
+    //   - screen: The post-rotation coordinate space for the display, a.k.a. logical display space.
+    //   - layer: The coordinate space of this layer.
+    //   - input: The coordinate space in which this layer will receive input events. This could be
+    //            different than layer space if a surfaceInset is used, which changes the origin
+    //            of the input space.
+    const FloatRect inputBoundsInLayer = tmpBounds.toFloatRect();
+
+    // Clamp surface inset to the input bounds.
+    const auto surfaceInset = static_cast<float>(info.surfaceInset);
+    const float xSurfaceInset =
+            std::max(0.f, std::min(surfaceInset, inputBoundsInLayer.getWidth() / 2.f));
+    const float ySurfaceInset =
+            std::max(0.f, std::min(surfaceInset, inputBoundsInLayer.getHeight() / 2.f));
+
+    // Apply the insets to the input bounds.
+    const FloatRect insetBoundsInLayer(inputBoundsInLayer.left + xSurfaceInset,
+                                       inputBoundsInLayer.top + ySurfaceInset,
+                                       inputBoundsInLayer.right - xSurfaceInset,
+                                       inputBoundsInLayer.bottom - ySurfaceInset);
+
+    // Crop the input bounds to ensure it is within the parent's bounds.
+    const FloatRect croppedInsetBoundsInLayer =
+            snapshot.geomLayerBounds.intersect(insetBoundsInLayer);
+
+    const ui::Transform layerToScreen = getInputTransform(snapshot);
+    const ui::Transform layerToDisplay = screenToDisplay * layerToScreen;
+
+    const Rect roundedFrameInDisplay{layerToDisplay.transform(croppedInsetBoundsInLayer)};
+    info.frameLeft = roundedFrameInDisplay.left;
+    info.frameTop = roundedFrameInDisplay.top;
+    info.frameRight = roundedFrameInDisplay.right;
+    info.frameBottom = roundedFrameInDisplay.bottom;
+
+    ui::Transform inputToLayer;
+    inputToLayer.set(insetBoundsInLayer.left, insetBoundsInLayer.top);
+    const ui::Transform inputToDisplay = layerToDisplay * inputToLayer;
+
+    // InputDispatcher expects a display-to-input transform.
+    info.transform = inputToDisplay.inverse();
+
+    // The touchable region is specified in the input coordinate space. Change it to display space.
+    info.touchableRegion =
+            transformTouchableRegionSafely(inputToDisplay, info.touchableRegion, snapshot.name);
+}
+
+void handleDropInputMode(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot) {
+    if (snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig.test(gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Check if we need to drop input unconditionally
+    const gui::DropInputMode dropInputMode = snapshot.dropInputMode;
+    if (dropInputMode == gui::DropInputMode::ALL) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DROP_INPUT;
+        ALOGV("Dropping input for %s as requested by policy.", snapshot.name.c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Check if we need to check if the window is obscured by parent
+    if (dropInputMode != gui::DropInputMode::OBSCURED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the parent has set an alpha on the layer
+    if (parentSnapshot.color.a != 1.0_hf) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DROP_INPUT;
+        ALOGV("Dropping input for %s as requested by policy because alpha=%f",
+              snapshot.name.c_str(), static_cast<float>(parentSnapshot.color.a));
+    }
+
+    // Check if the parent has cropped the buffer
+    Rect bufferSize = snapshot.croppedBufferSize;
+    if (!bufferSize.isValid()) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DROP_INPUT_IF_OBSCURED;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Screenbounds are the layer bounds cropped by parents, transformed to screenspace.
+    // To check if the layer has been cropped, we take the buffer bounds, apply the local
+    // layer crop and apply the same set of transforms to move to screenspace. If the bounds
+    // match then the layer has not been cropped by its parents.
+    Rect bufferInScreenSpace(snapshot.geomLayerTransform.transform(bufferSize));
+    bool croppedByParent = bufferInScreenSpace != Rect{snapshot.transformedBounds};
+
+    if (croppedByParent) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DROP_INPUT;
+        ALOGV("Dropping input for %s as requested by policy because buffer is cropped by parent",
+              snapshot.name.c_str());
+    } else {
+        // If the layer is not obscured by its parents (by setting an alpha or crop), then only drop
+        // input if the window is obscured. This check should be done in surfaceflinger but the
+        // logic currently resides in inputflinger. So pass the if_obscured check to input to only
+        // drop input events if the window is obscured.
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DROP_INPUT_IF_OBSCURED;
+    }
+}
+
+bool getBufferNeedsFiltering(const LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const ui::Size& unrotatedBufferSize) {
+    const int32_t layerWidth = static_cast<int32_t>(snapshot.geomLayerBounds.getWidth());
+    const int32_t layerHeight = static_cast<int32_t>(snapshot.geomLayerBounds.getHeight());
+    return layerWidth != unrotatedBufferSize.width || layerHeight != unrotatedBufferSize.height;
+}
+
+auto getBlendMode(const LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const RequestedLayerState& requested) {
+    auto blendMode = Hwc2::IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE;
+    if (snapshot.alpha != 1.0f || !snapshot.isContentOpaque()) {
+        blendMode = requested.premultipliedAlpha ? Hwc2::IComposerClient::BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED
+                                                 : Hwc2::IComposerClient::BlendMode::COVERAGE;
+    }
+    return blendMode;
+}
+
+void updateSurfaceDamage(const RequestedLayerState& requested, bool hasReadyFrame,
+                         bool forceFullDamage, Region& outSurfaceDamageRegion) {
+    if (!hasReadyFrame) {
+        outSurfaceDamageRegion.clear();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (forceFullDamage) {
+        outSurfaceDamageRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
+    } else {
+        outSurfaceDamageRegion = requested.surfaceDamageRegion;
+    }
+}
+
+void updateVisibility(LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+    snapshot.isVisible = snapshot.getIsVisible();
+
+    // TODO(b/238781169) we are ignoring this compat for now, since we will have
+    // to remove any optimization based on visibility.
+
+    // For compatibility reasons we let layers which can receive input
+    // receive input before they have actually submitted a buffer. Because
+    // of this we use canReceiveInput instead of isVisible to check the
+    // policy-visibility, ignoring the buffer state. However for layers with
+    // hasInputInfo()==false we can use the real visibility state.
+    // We are just using these layers for occlusion detection in
+    // InputDispatcher, and obviously if they aren't visible they can't occlude
+    // anything.
+    const bool visible =
+            (snapshot.inputInfo.token != nullptr) ? snapshot.canReceiveInput() : snapshot.isVisible;
+    snapshot.inputInfo.setInputConfig(gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NOT_VISIBLE, !visible);
+}
+
+bool needsInputInfo(const LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const RequestedLayerState& requested) {
+    if (requested.potentialCursor) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (snapshot.inputInfo.token != nullptr) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (snapshot.hasBufferOrSidebandStream()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return requested.windowInfoHandle &&
+            requested.windowInfoHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
+                    gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL);
+}
+
+void clearChanges(LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+    snapshot.changes.clear();
+    snapshot.contentDirty = false;
+    snapshot.hasReadyFrame = false;
+    snapshot.sidebandStreamHasFrame = false;
+    snapshot.surfaceDamage.clear();
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+LayerSnapshot LayerSnapshotBuilder::getRootSnapshot() {
+    LayerSnapshot snapshot;
+    snapshot.changes = ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes>();
+    snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromParent = false;
+    snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent = false;
+    snapshot.parentTransform.reset();
+    snapshot.geomLayerTransform.reset();
+    snapshot.geomInverseLayerTransform.reset();
+    snapshot.geomLayerBounds = getMaxDisplayBounds({});
+    snapshot.roundedCorner = RoundedCornerState();
+    snapshot.stretchEffect = {};
+    snapshot.outputFilter.layerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
+    snapshot.outputFilter.toInternalDisplay = false;
+    snapshot.isSecure = false;
+    snapshot.color.a = 1.0_hf;
+    snapshot.colorTransformIsIdentity = true;
+    snapshot.shadowRadius = 0.f;
+    snapshot.layerMetadata.mMap.clear();
+    snapshot.relativeLayerMetadata.mMap.clear();
+    snapshot.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode = gui::TouchOcclusionMode::BLOCK_UNTRUSTED;
+    snapshot.dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::NONE;
+    snapshot.isTrustedOverlay = false;
+    snapshot.gameMode = gui::GameMode::Unsupported;
+    snapshot.frameRate = {};
+    snapshot.fixedTransformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID;
+    return snapshot;
+}
+
+LayerSnapshotBuilder::LayerSnapshotBuilder() : mRootSnapshot(getRootSnapshot()) {}
+
+LayerSnapshotBuilder::LayerSnapshotBuilder(Args args) : LayerSnapshotBuilder() {
+    args.forceUpdate = true;
+    updateSnapshots(args);
+}
+
+bool LayerSnapshotBuilder::tryFastUpdate(const Args& args) {
+    if (args.forceUpdate || args.displayChanges) {
+        // force update requested, or we have display changes, so skip the fast path
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (args.layerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().get() == 0) {
+        // there are no changes, so just clear the change flags from before.
+        for (auto& snapshot : mSnapshots) {
+            clearChanges(*snapshot);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (args.layerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges() != RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content) {
+        // We have changes that require us to walk the hierarchy and update child layers.
+        // No fast path for you.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // There are only content changes which do not require any child layer snapshots to be updated.
+    ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+    ATRACE_NAME("FastPath");
+
+    // Collect layers with changes
+    ftl::SmallMap<uint32_t, RequestedLayerState*, 10> layersWithChanges;
+    for (auto& layer : args.layerLifecycleManager.getLayers()) {
+        if (layer->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content)) {
+            layersWithChanges.emplace_or_replace(layer->id, layer.get());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Walk through the snapshots, clearing previous change flags and updating the snapshots
+    // if needed.
+    for (auto& snapshot : mSnapshots) {
+        clearChanges(*snapshot);
+        auto it = layersWithChanges.find(snapshot->path.id);
+        if (it != layersWithChanges.end()) {
+            ALOGV("%s fast path snapshot changes = %s", __func__,
+                  mRootSnapshot.changes.string().c_str());
+            LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath root = LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath::ROOT;
+            updateSnapshot(*snapshot, args, *it->second, mRootSnapshot, root,
+                           /*newSnapshot=*/false);
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateSnapshots(const Args& args) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("UpdateSnapshots");
+    if (args.forceUpdate || args.displayChanges) {
+        mRootSnapshot.geomLayerBounds = getMaxDisplayBounds(args.displays);
+    }
+    if (args.displayChanges) {
+        mRootSnapshot.changes = RequestedLayerState::Changes::AffectsChildren |
+                RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
+    }
+    LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath root = LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath::ROOT;
+    for (auto& [childHierarchy, variant] : args.root.mChildren) {
+        LayerHierarchy::ScopedAddToTraversalPath addChildToPath(root,
+                                                                childHierarchy->getLayer()->id,
+                                                                variant);
+        updateSnapshotsInHierarchy(args, *childHierarchy, root, mRootSnapshot);
+    }
+
+    sortSnapshotsByZ(args);
+    clearChanges(mRootSnapshot);
+
+    // Destroy unreachable snapshots
+    if (args.layerLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers().empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> destroyedLayerIds;
+    for (auto& destroyedLayer : args.layerLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers()) {
+        destroyedLayerIds.emplace(destroyedLayer->id);
+    }
+    auto it = mSnapshots.begin();
+    while (it < mSnapshots.end()) {
+        auto& traversalPath = it->get()->path;
+        if (destroyedLayerIds.find(traversalPath.id) == destroyedLayerIds.end()) {
+            it++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        mIdToSnapshot.erase(traversalPath);
+        mSnapshots.back()->globalZ = it->get()->globalZ;
+        std::iter_swap(it, mSnapshots.end() - 1);
+        mSnapshots.erase(mSnapshots.end() - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::update(const Args& args) {
+    if (tryFastUpdate(args)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    updateSnapshots(args);
+}
+
+const LayerSnapshot& LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateSnapshotsInHierarchy(
+        const Args& args, const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy,
+        LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& traversalPath, const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot) {
+    const RequestedLayerState* layer = hierarchy.getLayer();
+    LayerSnapshot* snapshot = getSnapshot(traversalPath);
+    const bool newSnapshot = snapshot == nullptr;
+    if (newSnapshot) {
+        snapshot = createSnapshot(traversalPath, *layer);
+    }
+    if (traversalPath.isRelative()) {
+        bool parentIsRelative = traversalPath.variant == LayerHierarchy::Variant::Relative;
+        updateRelativeState(*snapshot, parentSnapshot, parentIsRelative, args);
+    } else {
+        if (traversalPath.isAttached()) {
+            resetRelativeState(*snapshot);
+        }
+        updateSnapshot(*snapshot, args, *layer, parentSnapshot, traversalPath, newSnapshot);
+    }
+
+    for (auto& [childHierarchy, variant] : hierarchy.mChildren) {
+        LayerHierarchy::ScopedAddToTraversalPath addChildToPath(traversalPath,
+                                                                childHierarchy->getLayer()->id,
+                                                                variant);
+        const LayerSnapshot& childSnapshot =
+                updateSnapshotsInHierarchy(args, *childHierarchy, traversalPath, *snapshot);
+        updateChildState(*snapshot, childSnapshot, args);
+    }
+    return *snapshot;
+}
+
+LayerSnapshot* LayerSnapshotBuilder::getSnapshot(uint32_t layerId) const {
+    if (layerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath path{.id = layerId};
+    return getSnapshot(path);
+}
+
+LayerSnapshot* LayerSnapshotBuilder::getSnapshot(const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& id) const {
+    auto it = mIdToSnapshot.find(id);
+    return it == mIdToSnapshot.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
+}
+
+LayerSnapshot* LayerSnapshotBuilder::createSnapshot(const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& id,
+                                                    const RequestedLayerState& layer) {
+    mSnapshots.emplace_back(std::make_unique<LayerSnapshot>(layer, id));
+    LayerSnapshot* snapshot = mSnapshots.back().get();
+    snapshot->globalZ = static_cast<size_t>(mSnapshots.size()) - 1;
+    mIdToSnapshot[id] = snapshot;
+    return snapshot;
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::sortSnapshotsByZ(const Args& args) {
+    if (!mResortSnapshots && !args.forceUpdate &&
+        !args.layerLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().any(
+                RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy |
+                RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility)) {
+        // We are not force updating and there are no hierarchy or visibility changes. Avoid sorting
+        // the snapshots.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mResortSnapshots = false;
+
+    size_t globalZ = 0;
+    args.root.traverseInZOrder(
+            [this, &globalZ](const LayerHierarchy&,
+                             const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& traversalPath) -> bool {
+                LayerSnapshot* snapshot = getSnapshot(traversalPath);
+                if (!snapshot) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (snapshot->isHiddenByPolicy() &&
+                    !snapshot->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (snapshot->getIsVisible() || snapshot->hasInputInfo()) {
+                    updateVisibility(*snapshot);
+                    size_t oldZ = snapshot->globalZ;
+                    size_t newZ = globalZ++;
+                    snapshot->globalZ = newZ;
+                    if (oldZ == newZ) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    mSnapshots[newZ]->globalZ = oldZ;
+                    LLOGV(snapshot->sequence, "Made visible z=%zu -> %zu %s", oldZ, newZ,
+                          snapshot->getDebugString().c_str());
+                    std::iter_swap(mSnapshots.begin() + static_cast<ssize_t>(oldZ),
+                                   mSnapshots.begin() + static_cast<ssize_t>(newZ));
+                }
+                return true;
+            });
+    mNumInterestingSnapshots = (int)globalZ;
+    while (globalZ < mSnapshots.size()) {
+        mSnapshots[globalZ]->globalZ = globalZ;
+        updateVisibility(*mSnapshots[globalZ]);
+        globalZ++;
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateRelativeState(LayerSnapshot& snapshot,
+                                               const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot,
+                                               bool parentIsRelative, const Args& args) {
+    if (parentIsRelative) {
+        snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent =
+                parentSnapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromParent || parentSnapshot.invalidTransform;
+        if (args.includeMetadata) {
+            snapshot.relativeLayerMetadata = parentSnapshot.layerMetadata;
+        }
+    } else {
+        snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent =
+                parentSnapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent;
+        if (args.includeMetadata) {
+            snapshot.relativeLayerMetadata = parentSnapshot.relativeLayerMetadata;
+        }
+    }
+    snapshot.isVisible = snapshot.getIsVisible();
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateChildState(LayerSnapshot& snapshot,
+                                            const LayerSnapshot& childSnapshot, const Args& args) {
+    if (snapshot.childState.hasValidFrameRate) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (args.forceUpdate || childSnapshot.changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate)) {
+        // We return whether this layer ot its children has a vote. We ignore ExactOrMultiple votes
+        // for the same reason we are allowing touch boost for those layers. See
+        // RefreshRateSelector::rankFrameRates for details.
+        using FrameRateCompatibility = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility;
+        const auto layerVotedWithDefaultCompatibility = childSnapshot.frameRate.rate.isValid() &&
+                childSnapshot.frameRate.type == FrameRateCompatibility::Default;
+        const auto layerVotedWithNoVote =
+                childSnapshot.frameRate.type == FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote;
+        const auto layerVotedWithExactCompatibility = childSnapshot.frameRate.rate.isValid() &&
+                childSnapshot.frameRate.type == FrameRateCompatibility::Exact;
+
+        snapshot.childState.hasValidFrameRate |= layerVotedWithDefaultCompatibility ||
+                layerVotedWithNoVote || layerVotedWithExactCompatibility;
+
+        // If we don't have a valid frame rate, but the children do, we set this
+        // layer as NoVote to allow the children to control the refresh rate
+        if (!snapshot.frameRate.rate.isValid() &&
+            snapshot.frameRate.type != FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote &&
+            snapshot.childState.hasValidFrameRate) {
+            snapshot.frameRate =
+                    scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+            snapshot.changes |= childSnapshot.changes & RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::resetRelativeState(LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+    snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromRelativeParent = false;
+    snapshot.relativeLayerMetadata.mMap.clear();
+}
+
+uint32_t getDisplayRotationFlags(
+        const display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, frontend::DisplayInfo>& displays,
+        const ui::LayerStack& layerStack) {
+    static frontend::DisplayInfo sDefaultDisplayInfo = {.isPrimary = false};
+    auto display = displays.get(layerStack).value_or(sDefaultDisplayInfo).get();
+    return display.isPrimary ? display.rotationFlags : 0;
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateSnapshot(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const Args& args,
+                                          const RequestedLayerState& requested,
+                                          const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot,
+                                          const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& path,
+                                          bool newSnapshot) {
+    // Always update flags and visibility
+    ftl::Flags<RequestedLayerState::Changes> parentChanges = parentSnapshot.changes &
+            (RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy | RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
+             RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility | RequestedLayerState::Changes::Metadata |
+             RequestedLayerState::Changes::AffectsChildren);
+    snapshot.changes = parentChanges | requested.changes;
+    snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromParent = parentSnapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromParent ||
+            parentSnapshot.invalidTransform || requested.isHiddenByPolicy();
+    snapshot.contentDirty = requested.what & layer_state_t::CONTENT_DIRTY;
+    // TODO(b/238781169) scope down the changes to only buffer updates.
+    snapshot.hasReadyFrame =
+            (snapshot.contentDirty || requested.autoRefresh) && (requested.externalTexture);
+    // TODO(b/238781169) how is this used? ag/15523870
+    snapshot.sidebandStreamHasFrame = false;
+    updateSurfaceDamage(requested, snapshot.hasReadyFrame, args.forceFullDamage,
+                        snapshot.surfaceDamage);
+
+    const bool forceUpdate = newSnapshot || args.forceUpdate ||
+            snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility |
+                                 RequestedLayerState::Changes::Created);
+    uint32_t displayRotationFlags =
+            getDisplayRotationFlags(args.displays, snapshot.outputFilter.layerStack);
+
+    // always update the buffer regardless of visibility
+    if (forceUpdate || requested.what & layer_state_t::BUFFER_CHANGES) {
+        snapshot.acquireFence =
+                (requested.externalTexture &&
+                 requested.bufferData->flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged))
+                ? requested.bufferData->acquireFence
+                : Fence::NO_FENCE;
+        snapshot.buffer =
+                requested.externalTexture ? requested.externalTexture->getBuffer() : nullptr;
+        snapshot.bufferSize = requested.getBufferSize(displayRotationFlags);
+        snapshot.geomBufferSize = snapshot.bufferSize;
+        snapshot.croppedBufferSize = requested.getCroppedBufferSize(snapshot.bufferSize);
+        snapshot.dataspace = requested.dataspace;
+        snapshot.externalTexture = requested.externalTexture;
+        snapshot.frameNumber = (requested.bufferData) ? requested.bufferData->frameNumber : 0;
+        snapshot.geomBufferTransform = requested.bufferTransform;
+        snapshot.geomBufferUsesDisplayInverseTransform = requested.transformToDisplayInverse;
+        snapshot.geomContentCrop = requested.getBufferCrop();
+        snapshot.geomUsesSourceCrop = snapshot.hasBufferOrSidebandStream();
+        snapshot.hasProtectedContent = requested.externalTexture &&
+                requested.externalTexture->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED;
+        snapshot.isHdrY410 = requested.dataspace == ui::Dataspace::BT2020_ITU_PQ &&
+                requested.api == NATIVE_WINDOW_API_MEDIA &&
+                requested.bufferData->getPixelFormat() == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102;
+        snapshot.sidebandStream = requested.sidebandStream;
+        snapshot.transparentRegionHint = requested.transparentRegion;
+        snapshot.color.rgb = requested.getColor().rgb;
+    }
+
+    if (snapshot.isHiddenByPolicyFromParent && !newSnapshot) {
+        if (forceUpdate ||
+            snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy |
+                                 RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
+                                 RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input)) {
+            updateInput(snapshot, requested, parentSnapshot, path, args);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (forceUpdate || snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::AffectsChildren)) {
+        // If root layer, use the layer stack otherwise get the parent's layer stack.
+        snapshot.color.a = parentSnapshot.color.a * requested.color.a;
+        snapshot.alpha = snapshot.color.a;
+        snapshot.isSecure =
+                parentSnapshot.isSecure || (requested.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerSecure);
+        snapshot.isTrustedOverlay = parentSnapshot.isTrustedOverlay || requested.isTrustedOverlay;
+        snapshot.outputFilter.layerStack = requested.parentId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID
+                ? parentSnapshot.outputFilter.layerStack
+                : requested.layerStack;
+        snapshot.outputFilter.toInternalDisplay = parentSnapshot.outputFilter.toInternalDisplay ||
+                (requested.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot);
+        snapshot.stretchEffect = (requested.stretchEffect.hasEffect())
+                ? requested.stretchEffect
+                : parentSnapshot.stretchEffect;
+        if (!parentSnapshot.colorTransformIsIdentity) {
+            snapshot.colorTransform = parentSnapshot.colorTransform * requested.colorTransform;
+            snapshot.colorTransformIsIdentity = false;
+        } else {
+            snapshot.colorTransform = requested.colorTransform;
+            snapshot.colorTransformIsIdentity = !requested.hasColorTransform;
+        }
+        snapshot.gameMode = requested.metadata.has(gui::METADATA_GAME_MODE)
+                ? requested.gameMode
+                : parentSnapshot.gameMode;
+        snapshot.frameRate = (requested.requestedFrameRate.rate.isValid() ||
+                              (requested.requestedFrameRate.type ==
+                               scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote))
+                ? requested.requestedFrameRate
+                : parentSnapshot.frameRate;
+        snapshot.fixedTransformHint = requested.fixedTransformHint != ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID
+                ? requested.fixedTransformHint
+                : parentSnapshot.fixedTransformHint;
+    }
+
+    if (forceUpdate || requested.changes.get() != 0) {
+        snapshot.compositionType = requested.getCompositionType();
+        snapshot.dimmingEnabled = requested.dimmingEnabled;
+        snapshot.layerOpaqueFlagSet =
+                (requested.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque) == layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque;
+    }
+
+    if (forceUpdate || snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content)) {
+        snapshot.color.rgb = requested.getColor().rgb;
+        snapshot.isColorspaceAgnostic = requested.colorSpaceAgnostic;
+        snapshot.backgroundBlurRadius =
+                args.supportsBlur ? static_cast<int>(requested.backgroundBlurRadius) : 0;
+        snapshot.blurRegions = requested.blurRegions;
+        snapshot.hdrMetadata = requested.hdrMetadata;
+    }
+
+    if (forceUpdate ||
+        snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy |
+                             RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry)) {
+        updateLayerBounds(snapshot, requested, parentSnapshot, displayRotationFlags);
+        updateRoundedCorner(snapshot, requested, parentSnapshot);
+    }
+
+    if (forceUpdate ||
+        snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy |
+                             RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
+                             RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input)) {
+        updateInput(snapshot, requested, parentSnapshot, path, args);
+    }
+
+    // computed snapshot properties
+    updateShadows(snapshot, requested, args.globalShadowSettings);
+    if (args.includeMetadata) {
+        snapshot.layerMetadata = parentSnapshot.layerMetadata;
+        snapshot.layerMetadata.merge(requested.metadata);
+    }
+    snapshot.forceClientComposition = snapshot.isHdrY410 || snapshot.shadowSettings.length > 0 ||
+            requested.blurRegions.size() > 0 || snapshot.stretchEffect.hasEffect();
+    snapshot.isOpaque = snapshot.isContentOpaque() && !snapshot.roundedCorner.hasRoundedCorners() &&
+            snapshot.color.a == 1.f;
+    snapshot.blendMode = getBlendMode(snapshot, requested);
+    // TODO(b/238781169) pass this from flinger
+    // snapshot.fps;
+    // snapshot.metadata;
+    LLOGV(snapshot.sequence,
+          "%supdated [%d]%s changes parent:%s global:%s local:%s requested:%s %s from parent %s",
+          args.forceUpdate ? "Force " : "", requested.id, requested.name.c_str(),
+          parentSnapshot.changes.string().c_str(), snapshot.changes.string().c_str(),
+          requested.changes.string().c_str(), std::to_string(requested.what).c_str(),
+          snapshot.getDebugString().c_str(), parentSnapshot.getDebugString().c_str());
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateRoundedCorner(LayerSnapshot& snapshot,
+                                               const RequestedLayerState& requested,
+                                               const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot) {
+    snapshot.roundedCorner = RoundedCornerState();
+    RoundedCornerState parentRoundedCorner;
+    if (parentSnapshot.roundedCorner.hasRoundedCorners()) {
+        parentRoundedCorner = parentSnapshot.roundedCorner;
+        ui::Transform t = snapshot.localTransform.inverse();
+        parentRoundedCorner.cropRect = t.transform(parentRoundedCorner.cropRect);
+        parentRoundedCorner.radius.x *= t.getScaleX();
+        parentRoundedCorner.radius.y *= t.getScaleY();
+    }
+
+    FloatRect layerCropRect = snapshot.croppedBufferSize.toFloatRect();
+    const vec2 radius(requested.cornerRadius, requested.cornerRadius);
+    RoundedCornerState layerSettings(layerCropRect, radius);
+    const bool layerSettingsValid = layerSettings.hasRoundedCorners() && !layerCropRect.isEmpty();
+    const bool parentRoundedCornerValid = parentRoundedCorner.hasRoundedCorners();
+    if (layerSettingsValid && parentRoundedCornerValid) {
+        // If the parent and the layer have rounded corner settings, use the parent settings if
+        // the parent crop is entirely inside the layer crop. This has limitations and cause
+        // rendering artifacts. See b/200300845 for correct fix.
+        if (parentRoundedCorner.cropRect.left > layerCropRect.left &&
+            parentRoundedCorner.cropRect.top > layerCropRect.top &&
+            parentRoundedCorner.cropRect.right < layerCropRect.right &&
+            parentRoundedCorner.cropRect.bottom < layerCropRect.bottom) {
+            snapshot.roundedCorner = parentRoundedCorner;
+        } else {
+            snapshot.roundedCorner = layerSettings;
+        }
+    } else if (layerSettingsValid) {
+        snapshot.roundedCorner = layerSettings;
+    } else if (parentRoundedCornerValid) {
+        snapshot.roundedCorner = parentRoundedCorner;
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateLayerBounds(LayerSnapshot& snapshot,
+                                             const RequestedLayerState& requested,
+                                             const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot,
+                                             uint32_t displayRotationFlags) {
+    snapshot.croppedBufferSize = requested.getCroppedBufferSize(snapshot.bufferSize);
+    snapshot.geomCrop = requested.crop;
+    snapshot.localTransform = requested.getTransform(displayRotationFlags);
+    snapshot.localTransformInverse = snapshot.localTransform.inverse();
+    snapshot.geomLayerTransform = parentSnapshot.geomLayerTransform * snapshot.localTransform;
+    const bool transformWasInvalid = snapshot.invalidTransform;
+    snapshot.invalidTransform = !LayerSnapshot::isTransformValid(snapshot.geomLayerTransform);
+    if (snapshot.invalidTransform) {
+        auto& t = snapshot.geomLayerTransform;
+        auto& requestedT = requested.requestedTransform;
+        std::string transformDebug =
+                base::StringPrintf(" transform={%f,%f,%f,%f}  requestedTransform={%f,%f,%f,%f}",
+                                   t.dsdx(), t.dsdy(), t.dtdx(), t.dtdy(), requestedT.dsdx(),
+                                   requestedT.dsdy(), requestedT.dtdx(), requestedT.dtdy());
+        std::string bufferDebug;
+        if (requested.externalTexture) {
+            auto unRotBuffer = requested.getUnrotatedBufferSize(displayRotationFlags);
+            auto& destFrame = requested.destinationFrame;
+            bufferDebug = base::StringPrintf(" buffer={%d,%d}  displayRot=%d"
+                                             " destFrame={%d,%d,%d,%d} unRotBuffer={%d,%d}",
+                                             requested.externalTexture->getWidth(),
+                                             requested.externalTexture->getHeight(),
+                                             displayRotationFlags, destFrame.left, destFrame.top,
+                                             destFrame.right, destFrame.bottom,
+                                             unRotBuffer.getHeight(), unRotBuffer.getWidth());
+        }
+        ALOGW("Resetting transform for %s because it is invalid.%s%s",
+              snapshot.getDebugString().c_str(), transformDebug.c_str(), bufferDebug.c_str());
+        snapshot.geomLayerTransform.reset();
+    }
+    if (transformWasInvalid != snapshot.invalidTransform) {
+        // If transform is invalid, the layer will be hidden.
+        mResortSnapshots = true;
+    }
+    snapshot.geomInverseLayerTransform = snapshot.geomLayerTransform.inverse();
+
+    FloatRect parentBounds = parentSnapshot.geomLayerBounds;
+    parentBounds = snapshot.localTransform.inverse().transform(parentBounds);
+    snapshot.geomLayerBounds =
+            (requested.externalTexture) ? snapshot.bufferSize.toFloatRect() : parentBounds;
+    if (!requested.crop.isEmpty()) {
+        snapshot.geomLayerBounds = snapshot.geomLayerBounds.intersect(requested.crop.toFloatRect());
+    }
+    snapshot.geomLayerBounds = snapshot.geomLayerBounds.intersect(parentBounds);
+    snapshot.transformedBounds = snapshot.geomLayerTransform.transform(snapshot.geomLayerBounds);
+    const Rect geomLayerBoundsWithoutTransparentRegion =
+            RequestedLayerState::reduce(Rect(snapshot.geomLayerBounds),
+                                        requested.transparentRegion);
+    snapshot.transformedBoundsWithoutTransparentRegion =
+            snapshot.geomLayerTransform.transform(geomLayerBoundsWithoutTransparentRegion);
+    snapshot.parentTransform = parentSnapshot.geomLayerTransform;
+
+    // Subtract the transparent region and snap to the bounds
+    const Rect bounds =
+            RequestedLayerState::reduce(snapshot.croppedBufferSize, requested.transparentRegion);
+    if (requested.potentialCursor) {
+        snapshot.cursorFrame = snapshot.geomLayerTransform.transform(bounds);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/238781169) use dest vs src
+    snapshot.bufferNeedsFiltering = snapshot.externalTexture &&
+            getBufferNeedsFiltering(snapshot,
+                                    requested.getUnrotatedBufferSize(displayRotationFlags));
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateShadows(LayerSnapshot& snapshot,
+                                         const RequestedLayerState& requested,
+                                         const renderengine::ShadowSettings& globalShadowSettings) {
+    snapshot.shadowRadius = requested.shadowRadius;
+    snapshot.shadowSettings.length = requested.shadowRadius;
+    if (snapshot.shadowRadius > 0.f) {
+        snapshot.shadowSettings = globalShadowSettings;
+
+        // Note: this preserves existing behavior of shadowing the entire layer and not cropping
+        // it if transparent regions are present. This may not be necessary since shadows are
+        // typically cast by layers without transparent regions.
+        snapshot.shadowSettings.boundaries = snapshot.geomLayerBounds;
+
+        // If the casting layer is translucent, we need to fill in the shadow underneath the
+        // layer. Otherwise the generated shadow will only be shown around the casting layer.
+        snapshot.shadowSettings.casterIsTranslucent =
+                !snapshot.isContentOpaque() || (snapshot.alpha < 1.0f);
+        snapshot.shadowSettings.ambientColor *= snapshot.alpha;
+        snapshot.shadowSettings.spotColor *= snapshot.alpha;
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::updateInput(LayerSnapshot& snapshot,
+                                       const RequestedLayerState& requested,
+                                       const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot,
+                                       const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& path,
+                                       const Args& args) {
+    if (requested.windowInfoHandle) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo = *requested.windowInfoHandle->getInfo();
+    } else {
+        snapshot.inputInfo = {};
+    }
+    snapshot.inputInfo.displayId = static_cast<int32_t>(snapshot.outputFilter.layerStack.id);
+
+    if (!needsInputInfo(snapshot, requested)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    static frontend::DisplayInfo sDefaultInfo = {.isSecure = false};
+    const std::optional<frontend::DisplayInfo> displayInfoOpt =
+            args.displays.get(snapshot.outputFilter.layerStack);
+    bool noValidDisplay = !displayInfoOpt.has_value();
+    auto displayInfo = displayInfoOpt.value_or(sDefaultInfo);
+
+    if (!requested.windowInfoHandle) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig = gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL;
+    }
+    fillInputFrameInfo(snapshot.inputInfo, displayInfo.transform, snapshot);
+
+    if (noValidDisplay) {
+        // Do not let the window receive touches if it is not associated with a valid display
+        // transform. We still allow the window to receive keys and prevent ANRs.
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NOT_TOUCHABLE;
+    }
+
+    snapshot.inputInfo.alpha = snapshot.color.a;
+    snapshot.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode = parentSnapshot.inputInfo.touchOcclusionMode;
+    if (requested.dropInputMode == gui::DropInputMode::ALL ||
+        parentSnapshot.dropInputMode == gui::DropInputMode::ALL) {
+        snapshot.dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::ALL;
+    } else if (requested.dropInputMode == gui::DropInputMode::OBSCURED ||
+               parentSnapshot.dropInputMode == gui::DropInputMode::OBSCURED) {
+        snapshot.dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::OBSCURED;
+    } else {
+        snapshot.dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::NONE;
+    }
+
+    handleDropInputMode(snapshot, parentSnapshot);
+
+    // If the window will be blacked out on a display because the display does not have the secure
+    // flag and the layer has the secure flag set, then drop input.
+    if (!displayInfo.isSecure && snapshot.isSecure) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::DROP_INPUT;
+    }
+
+    auto cropLayerSnapshot = getSnapshot(requested.touchCropId);
+    if (snapshot.inputInfo.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop) {
+        const Rect bounds(cropLayerSnapshot ? cropLayerSnapshot->transformedBounds
+                                            : snapshot.transformedBounds);
+        snapshot.inputInfo.touchableRegion = Region(displayInfo.transform.transform(bounds));
+    } else if (cropLayerSnapshot) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.touchableRegion = snapshot.inputInfo.touchableRegion.intersect(
+                displayInfo.transform.transform(Rect{cropLayerSnapshot->transformedBounds}));
+    }
+
+    // Inherit the trusted state from the parent hierarchy, but don't clobber the trusted state
+    // if it was set by WM for a known system overlay
+    if (snapshot.isTrustedOverlay) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::TRUSTED_OVERLAY;
+    }
+
+    // If the layer is a clone, we need to crop the input region to cloned root to prevent
+    // touches from going outside the cloned area.
+    if (path.isClone()) {
+        snapshot.inputInfo.inputConfig |= gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::CLONE;
+        auto clonedRootSnapshot = getSnapshot(path.mirrorRootIds.back());
+        if (clonedRootSnapshot) {
+            const Rect rect =
+                    displayInfo.transform.transform(Rect{clonedRootSnapshot->transformedBounds});
+            snapshot.inputInfo.touchableRegion = snapshot.inputInfo.touchableRegion.intersect(rect);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot>>& LayerSnapshotBuilder::getSnapshots() {
+    return mSnapshots;
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::forEachVisibleSnapshot(const ConstVisitor& visitor) const {
+    for (int i = 0; i < mNumInterestingSnapshots; i++) {
+        LayerSnapshot& snapshot = *mSnapshots[(size_t)i];
+        if (!snapshot.isVisible) continue;
+        visitor(snapshot);
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::forEachVisibleSnapshot(const Visitor& visitor) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < mNumInterestingSnapshots; i++) {
+        std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot>& snapshot = mSnapshots.at((size_t)i);
+        if (!snapshot->isVisible) continue;
+        visitor(snapshot);
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerSnapshotBuilder::forEachInputSnapshot(const ConstVisitor& visitor) const {
+    for (int i = mNumInterestingSnapshots - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        LayerSnapshot& snapshot = *mSnapshots[(size_t)i];
+        if (!snapshot.hasInputInfo()) continue;
+        visitor(snapshot);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abb7e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Display/DisplayMap.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/DisplayInfo.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
+#include "LayerHierarchy.h"
+#include "LayerSnapshot.h"
+#include "RequestedLayerState.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+// Walks through the layer hierarchy to build an ordered list
+// of LayerSnapshots that can be passed on to CompositionEngine.
+// This builder does a minimum amount of work to update
+// an existing set of snapshots based on hierarchy changes
+// and RequestedLayerState changes.
+
+// The builder also uses a fast path to update
+// snapshots when there are only buffer updates.
+class LayerSnapshotBuilder {
+public:
+    struct Args {
+        const LayerHierarchy& root;
+        const LayerLifecycleManager& layerLifecycleManager;
+        bool forceUpdate = false;
+        bool includeMetadata = false;
+        const display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, frontend::DisplayInfo>& displays;
+        // Set to true if there were display changes since last update.
+        bool displayChanges = false;
+        const renderengine::ShadowSettings& globalShadowSettings;
+        bool supportsBlur = true;
+        bool forceFullDamage = false;
+    };
+    LayerSnapshotBuilder();
+
+    // Rebuild the snapshots from scratch.
+    LayerSnapshotBuilder(Args);
+
+    // Update an existing set of snapshot using change flags in RequestedLayerState
+    // and LayerLifecycleManager. This needs to be called before
+    // LayerLifecycleManager.commitChanges is called as that function will clear all
+    // change flags.
+    void update(const Args&);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot>>& getSnapshots();
+    LayerSnapshot* getSnapshot(uint32_t layerId) const;
+
+    typedef std::function<void(const LayerSnapshot& snapshot)> ConstVisitor;
+
+    // Visit each visible snapshot in z-order
+    void forEachVisibleSnapshot(const ConstVisitor& visitor) const;
+
+    typedef std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot>& snapshot)> Visitor;
+    // Visit each visible snapshot in z-order and move the snapshot if needed
+    void forEachVisibleSnapshot(const Visitor& visitor);
+
+    // Visit each snapshot interesting to input reverse z-order
+    void forEachInputSnapshot(const ConstVisitor& visitor) const;
+
+private:
+    friend class LayerSnapshotTest;
+    LayerSnapshot* getSnapshot(const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& id) const;
+    static LayerSnapshot getRootSnapshot();
+
+    // return true if we were able to successfully update the snapshots via
+    // the fast path.
+    bool tryFastUpdate(const Args& args);
+
+    void updateSnapshots(const Args& args);
+
+    const LayerSnapshot& updateSnapshotsInHierarchy(const Args&, const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy,
+                                                    LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& traversalPath,
+                                                    const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot);
+    void updateSnapshot(LayerSnapshot&, const Args&, const RequestedLayerState&,
+                        const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot, const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath&,
+                        bool newSnapshot);
+    static void updateRelativeState(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot,
+                                    bool parentIsRelative, const Args& args);
+    static void resetRelativeState(LayerSnapshot& snapshot);
+    static void updateRoundedCorner(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const RequestedLayerState& layerState,
+                                    const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot);
+    void updateLayerBounds(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const RequestedLayerState& layerState,
+                           const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot, uint32_t displayRotationFlags);
+    static void updateShadows(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const RequestedLayerState& requested,
+                              const renderengine::ShadowSettings& globalShadowSettings);
+    void updateInput(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const RequestedLayerState& requested,
+                     const LayerSnapshot& parentSnapshot, const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& path,
+                     const Args& args);
+    void sortSnapshotsByZ(const Args& args);
+    LayerSnapshot* createSnapshot(const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& id,
+                                  const RequestedLayerState& layer);
+    void updateChildState(LayerSnapshot& snapshot, const LayerSnapshot& childSnapshot,
+                          const Args& args);
+
+    struct TraversalPathHash {
+        std::size_t operator()(const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath& key) const {
+            uint32_t hashCode = key.id * 31;
+            for (auto mirrorRoot : key.mirrorRootIds) {
+                hashCode += mirrorRoot * 31;
+            }
+            return std::hash<size_t>{}(hashCode);
+        }
+    };
+    std::unordered_map<LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath, LayerSnapshot*, TraversalPathHash>
+            mIdToSnapshot;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot>> mSnapshots;
+    LayerSnapshot mRootSnapshot;
+    bool mResortSnapshots = false;
+    int mNumInterestingSnapshots = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
index 054382c..39bf07a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
@@ -14,16 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.h"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "RequestedLayerState"
 
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include "Layer.h"
+#include "LayerCreationArgs.h"
 #include "LayerHandle.h"
+#include "LayerLog.h"
 #include "RequestedLayerState.h"
 
 namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
 
 RequestedLayerState::RequestedLayerState(const LayerCreationArgs& args)
       : id(args.sequence),
-        name(args.name),
+        name(args.name + "#" + std::to_string(args.sequence)),
         canBeRoot(args.addToRoot),
         layerCreationFlags(args.flags),
         textureName(args.textureName),
@@ -59,6 +61,9 @@
     changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Metadata;
     handleAlive = true;
     parentId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.parentHandle.promote());
+    if (args.parentHandle != nullptr) {
+        canBeRoot = false;
+    }
     mirrorId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(args.mirrorLayerHandle.promote());
     if (mirrorId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Mirror;
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@
     } else {
         color.rgb = {0.0_hf, 0.0_hf, 0.0_hf};
     }
+    LLOGV(layerId, "Created %s flags=%d", getDebugString().c_str(), flags);
     color.a = 1.0f;
 
     crop.makeInvalid();
@@ -114,11 +120,14 @@
     defaultFrameRateCompatibility =
             static_cast<int8_t>(scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
     dataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB;
+    gameMode = gui::GameMode::Unsupported;
+    requestedFrameRate = {};
 }
 
 void RequestedLayerState::merge(const ResolvedComposerState& resolvedComposerState) {
-    bool oldFlags = flags;
-    Rect oldBufferSize = getBufferSize();
+    const uint32_t oldFlags = flags;
+    const half oldAlpha = color.a;
+    const bool hadBufferOrSideStream = hasValidBuffer() || sidebandStream != nullptr;
     const layer_state_t& clientState = resolvedComposerState.state;
 
     uint64_t clientChanges = what | layer_state_t::diff(clientState);
@@ -127,14 +136,28 @@
 
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged) {
         if ((oldFlags ^ flags) & layer_state_t::eLayerHidden) {
-            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility;
+            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility |
+                    RequestedLayerState::Changes::VisibleRegion;
         }
         if ((oldFlags ^ flags) & layer_state_t::eIgnoreDestinationFrame) {
             changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
         }
     }
-    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged && oldBufferSize != getBufferSize()) {
-        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
+    if (clientState.what &
+        (layer_state_t::eBufferChanged | layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged)) {
+        const bool hasBufferOrSideStream = hasValidBuffer() || sidebandStream != nullptr;
+        if (hadBufferOrSideStream != hasBufferOrSideStream) {
+            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry |
+                    RequestedLayerState::Changes::VisibleRegion |
+                    RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility | RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input |
+                    RequestedLayerState::Changes::Buffer;
+        }
+    }
+    if (what & (layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged)) {
+        if (oldAlpha == 0 || color.a == 0) {
+            changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Visibility |
+                    RequestedLayerState::Changes::VisibleRegion;
+        }
     }
     if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::HIERARCHY_CHANGES)
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy;
@@ -142,7 +165,12 @@
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content;
     if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::GEOMETRY_CHANGES)
         changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry;
-
+    if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::AFFECTS_CHILDREN)
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::AffectsChildren;
+    if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::INPUT_CHANGES)
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input;
+    if (clientChanges & layer_state_t::VISIBLE_REGION_CHANGES)
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::VisibleRegion;
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged) {
         static const mat4 identityMatrix = mat4();
         hasColorTransform = colorTransform != identityMatrix;
@@ -181,7 +209,6 @@
         wp<IBinder>& touchableRegionCropHandle =
                 windowInfoHandle->editInfo()->touchableRegionCropHandle;
         touchCropId = LayerHandle::getLayerId(touchableRegionCropHandle.promote());
-        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::Input;
         touchableRegionCropHandle.clear();
     }
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eStretchChanged) {
@@ -203,9 +230,45 @@
     if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged) {
         requestedTransform.set(matrix.dsdx, matrix.dtdy, matrix.dtdx, matrix.dsdy);
     }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eMetadataChanged) {
+        const int32_t requestedGameMode =
+                clientState.metadata.getInt32(gui::METADATA_GAME_MODE, -1);
+        if (requestedGameMode != -1) {
+            // The transaction will be received on the Task layer and needs to be applied to all
+            // child layers.
+            if (static_cast<int32_t>(gameMode) != requestedGameMode) {
+                gameMode = static_cast<gui::GameMode>(requestedGameMode);
+                changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::AffectsChildren;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (clientState.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged) {
+        const auto compatibility =
+                Layer::FrameRate::convertCompatibility(clientState.frameRateCompatibility);
+        const auto strategy = Layer::FrameRate::convertChangeFrameRateStrategy(
+                clientState.changeFrameRateStrategy);
+        requestedFrameRate =
+                Layer::FrameRate(Fps::fromValue(clientState.frameRate), compatibility, strategy);
+        changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate;
+    }
 }
 
-ui::Transform RequestedLayerState::getTransform() const {
+ui::Size RequestedLayerState::getUnrotatedBufferSize(uint32_t displayRotationFlags) const {
+    uint32_t bufferWidth = externalTexture->getWidth();
+    uint32_t bufferHeight = externalTexture->getHeight();
+    // Undo any transformations on the buffer.
+    if (bufferTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
+        std::swap(bufferWidth, bufferHeight);
+    }
+    if (transformToDisplayInverse) {
+        if (displayRotationFlags & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
+            std::swap(bufferWidth, bufferHeight);
+        }
+    }
+    return {bufferWidth, bufferHeight};
+}
+
+ui::Transform RequestedLayerState::getTransform(uint32_t displayRotationFlags) const {
     if ((flags & layer_state_t::eIgnoreDestinationFrame) || destinationFrame.isEmpty()) {
         // If destination frame is not set, use the requested transform set via
         // Transaction::setPosition and Transaction::setMatrix.
@@ -230,22 +293,10 @@
         return transform;
     }
 
-    uint32_t bufferWidth = externalTexture->getWidth();
-    uint32_t bufferHeight = externalTexture->getHeight();
-    // Undo any transformations on the buffer.
-    if (bufferTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
-        std::swap(bufferWidth, bufferHeight);
-    }
-    // TODO(b/238781169) remove dep
-    uint32_t invTransform = DisplayDevice::getPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags();
-    if (transformToDisplayInverse) {
-        if (invTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
-            std::swap(bufferWidth, bufferHeight);
-        }
-    }
+    ui::Size bufferSize = getUnrotatedBufferSize(displayRotationFlags);
 
-    float sx = static_cast<float>(destW) / static_cast<float>(bufferWidth);
-    float sy = static_cast<float>(destH) / static_cast<float>(bufferHeight);
+    float sx = static_cast<float>(destW) / static_cast<float>(bufferSize.width);
+    float sy = static_cast<float>(destH) / static_cast<float>(bufferSize.height);
     ui::Transform transform;
     transform.set(sx, 0, 0, sy);
     transform.set(static_cast<float>(destRect.left), static_cast<float>(destRect.top));
@@ -279,7 +330,7 @@
     }
     return color;
 }
-Rect RequestedLayerState::getBufferSize() const {
+Rect RequestedLayerState::getBufferSize(uint32_t displayRotationFlags) const {
     // for buffer state layers we use the display frame size as the buffer size.
     if (!externalTexture) {
         return Rect::INVALID_RECT;
@@ -294,8 +345,7 @@
     }
 
     if (transformToDisplayInverse) {
-        // TODO(b/238781169) pass in display metrics (would be useful for input info as well
-        uint32_t invTransform = DisplayDevice::getPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags();
+        uint32_t invTransform = displayRotationFlags;
         if (invTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
             std::swap(bufWidth, bufHeight);
         }
@@ -304,8 +354,8 @@
     return Rect(0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(bufWidth), static_cast<int32_t>(bufHeight));
 }
 
-Rect RequestedLayerState::getCroppedBufferSize() const {
-    Rect size = getBufferSize();
+Rect RequestedLayerState::getCroppedBufferSize(const Rect& bufferSize) const {
+    Rect size = bufferSize;
     if (!crop.isEmpty() && size.isValid()) {
         size.intersect(crop, &size);
     } else if (!crop.isEmpty()) {
@@ -364,7 +414,17 @@
 // If the relative parentid is unassigned, the layer will be considered relative but won't be
 // reachable.
 bool RequestedLayerState::hasValidRelativeParent() const {
-    return isRelativeOf && parentId != relativeParentId;
+    return isRelativeOf &&
+            (parentId != relativeParentId || relativeParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID);
+}
+
+bool RequestedLayerState::hasInputInfo() const {
+    if (!windowInfoHandle) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto windowInfo = windowInfoHandle->getInfo();
+    return windowInfo->token != nullptr ||
+            windowInfo->inputConfig.test(gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL);
 }
 
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
index 7849165..3a16531 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <ftl/flags.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+#include "Scheduler/LayerInfo.h"
 
 #include "LayerCreationArgs.h"
 #include "TransactionState.h"
@@ -47,22 +48,29 @@
         RelativeParent = 1u << 9,
         Metadata = 1u << 10,
         Visibility = 1u << 11,
+        AffectsChildren = 1u << 12,
+        FrameRate = 1u << 13,
+        VisibleRegion = 1u << 14,
+        Buffer = 1u << 15,
     };
     static Rect reduce(const Rect& win, const Region& exclude);
     RequestedLayerState(const LayerCreationArgs&);
     void merge(const ResolvedComposerState&);
-    ui::Transform getTransform() const;
+    // Currently we only care about the primary display
+    ui::Transform getTransform(uint32_t displayRotationFlags) const;
+    ui::Size getUnrotatedBufferSize(uint32_t displayRotationFlags) const;
     bool canBeDestroyed() const;
     bool isRoot() const;
     bool isHiddenByPolicy() const;
     half4 getColor() const;
-    Rect getBufferSize() const;
-    Rect getCroppedBufferSize() const;
+    Rect getBufferSize(uint32_t displayRotationFlags) const;
+    Rect getCroppedBufferSize(const Rect& bufferSize) const;
     Rect getBufferCrop() const;
     std::string getDebugString() const;
     std::string getDebugStringShort() const;
     aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Composition getCompositionType() const;
     bool hasValidRelativeParent() const;
+    bool hasInputInfo() const;
 
     // Layer serial number.  This gives layers an explicit ordering, so we
     // have a stable sort order when their layer stack and Z-order are
@@ -87,6 +95,8 @@
     ui::Transform requestedTransform;
     std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> acquireFenceTime;
     std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> externalTexture;
+    gui::GameMode gameMode;
+    scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate requestedFrameRate;
 
     // book keeping states
     bool handleAlive = true;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
index c2109b3..8629671 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.cpp
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
     }
 
     mStalledTransactions.push_back(transactionId);
-    listener->onTransactionQueueStalled(reason);
+    listener->onTransactionQueueStalled(String8(reason.c_str()));
 }
 
 void TransactionHandler::removeFromStalledTransactions(uint64_t id) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h
index 475ff1b..a06b870 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/TransactionHandler.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 namespace android {
 
 class TestableSurfaceFlinger;
-using gui::IListenerHash;
 namespace surfaceflinger::frontend {
 
 class TransactionHandler {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 1f159ae..b0964fe 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@
 using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
 
 using base::StringAppendF;
+using frontend::LayerSnapshot;
+using frontend::RoundedCornerState;
 using gui::GameMode;
 using gui::LayerMetadata;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@
         mDrawingState.color.b = -1.0_hf;
     }
 
-    mFrameTracker.setDisplayRefreshPeriod(args.flinger->mScheduler->getLeaderVsyncPeriod());
+    mFrameTracker.setDisplayRefreshPeriod(args.flinger->mScheduler->getLeaderVsyncPeriod().ns());
 
     mOwnerUid = args.ownerUid;
     mOwnerPid = args.ownerPid;
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@
     mSnapshot->name = getDebugName();
     mSnapshot->textureName = mTextureName;
     mSnapshot->premultipliedAlpha = mPremultipliedAlpha;
-    mSnapshot->transform = {};
+    mSnapshot->parentTransform = {};
 }
 
 void Layer::onFirstRef() {
@@ -250,6 +252,10 @@
     if (mHadClonedChild) {
         mFlinger->mNumClones--;
     }
+    if (hasTrustedPresentationListener()) {
+        mFlinger->mNumTrustedPresentationListeners--;
+        updateTrustedPresentationState(nullptr, -1 /* time_in_ms */, true /* leaveState*/);
+    }
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -279,6 +285,7 @@
         mRemovedFromDrawingState = true;
         mFlinger->mScheduler->deregisterLayer(this);
     }
+    updateTrustedPresentationState(nullptr, -1 /* time_in_ms */, true /* leaveState*/);
 
     mFlinger->markLayerPendingRemovalLocked(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
 }
@@ -376,6 +383,92 @@
     return reduce(mBounds, activeTransparentRegion);
 }
 
+// No early returns.
+void Layer::updateTrustedPresentationState(const DisplayDevice* display, int64_t time_in_ms,
+                                           bool leaveState) {
+    if (!hasTrustedPresentationListener()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const bool lastState = mLastComputedTrustedPresentationState;
+    mLastComputedTrustedPresentationState = false;
+
+    if (!leaveState) {
+        const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(display);
+        if (outputLayer != nullptr) {
+            mLastComputedTrustedPresentationState =
+                    computeTrustedPresentationState(mBounds, mSourceBounds,
+                                                    outputLayer->getState().coveredRegion,
+                                                    mScreenBounds, getCompositionState()->alpha,
+                                                    getCompositionState()->geomLayerTransform,
+                                                    mTrustedPresentationThresholds);
+        }
+    }
+    const bool newState = mLastComputedTrustedPresentationState;
+    if (lastState && !newState) {
+        // We were in the trusted presentation state, but now we left it,
+        // emit the callback if needed
+        if (mLastReportedTrustedPresentationState) {
+            mLastReportedTrustedPresentationState = false;
+            mTrustedPresentationListener.invoke(false);
+        }
+        // Reset the timer
+        mEnteredTrustedPresentationStateTime = -1;
+    } else if (!lastState && newState) {
+        // We were not in the trusted presentation state, but we entered it, begin the timer
+        // and make sure this gets called at least once more!
+        mEnteredTrustedPresentationStateTime = time_in_ms;
+        mFlinger->forceFutureUpdate(mTrustedPresentationThresholds.stabilityRequirementMs * 1.5);
+    }
+
+    // Has the timer elapsed, but we are still in the state? Emit a callback if needed
+    if (!mLastReportedTrustedPresentationState && newState &&
+        (time_in_ms - mEnteredTrustedPresentationStateTime >
+         mTrustedPresentationThresholds.stabilityRequirementMs)) {
+        mLastReportedTrustedPresentationState = true;
+        mTrustedPresentationListener.invoke(true);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * See SurfaceComposerClient.h: setTrustedPresentationCallback for discussion
+ * of how the parameters and thresholds are interpreted. The general spirit is
+ * to produce an upper bound on the amount of the buffer which was presented.
+ */
+bool Layer::computeTrustedPresentationState(const FloatRect& bounds, const FloatRect& sourceBounds,
+                                            const Region& coveredRegion,
+                                            const FloatRect& screenBounds, float alpha,
+                                            const ui::Transform& effectiveTransform,
+                                            const TrustedPresentationThresholds& thresholds) {
+    if (alpha < thresholds.minAlpha) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (sourceBounds.getWidth() == 0 || sourceBounds.getHeight() == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (screenBounds.getWidth() == 0 || screenBounds.getHeight() == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const float sx = effectiveTransform.dsdx();
+    const float sy = effectiveTransform.dsdy();
+    float fractionRendered = std::min(sx * sy, 1.0f);
+
+    float boundsOverSourceW = bounds.getWidth() / (float)sourceBounds.getWidth();
+    float boundsOverSourceH = bounds.getHeight() / (float)sourceBounds.getHeight();
+    fractionRendered *= boundsOverSourceW * boundsOverSourceH;
+
+    Rect coveredBounds = coveredRegion.bounds();
+    fractionRendered *= (1 -
+                         ((coveredBounds.width() / (float)screenBounds.getWidth()) *
+                          coveredBounds.height() / (float)screenBounds.getHeight()));
+
+    if (fractionRendered < thresholds.minFractionRendered) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 void Layer::computeBounds(FloatRect parentBounds, ui::Transform parentTransform,
                           float parentShadowRadius) {
     const State& s(getDrawingState());
@@ -473,7 +566,8 @@
     snapshot->geomLayerTransform = getTransform();
     snapshot->geomInverseLayerTransform = snapshot->geomLayerTransform.inverse();
     snapshot->transparentRegionHint = getActiveTransparentRegion(drawingState);
-    snapshot->blurRegionTransform = getActiveTransform(drawingState).inverse();
+    snapshot->localTransform = getActiveTransform(drawingState);
+    snapshot->localTransformInverse = snapshot->localTransform.inverse();
     snapshot->blendMode = static_cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::BlendMode>(blendMode);
     snapshot->alpha = alpha;
     snapshot->backgroundBlurRadius = drawingState.backgroundBlurRadius;
@@ -2593,6 +2687,8 @@
     mDrawingState = from->mDrawingState;
     // Skip callback info since they are not applicable for cloned layers.
     mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener = nullptr;
+    // TODO (b/238781169) currently broken for mirror layers because we do not
+    // track release fences for mirror layers composed on other displays
     mDrawingState.callbackHandles = {};
 }
 
@@ -2604,12 +2700,9 @@
         return;
     }
     ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("callReleaseBufferCallback %s - %" PRIu64, getDebugName(), framenumber);
-    std::optional<os::ParcelFileDescriptor> fenceFd;
-    if (releaseFence) {
-        fenceFd = os::ParcelFileDescriptor(base::unique_fd(::dup(releaseFence->get())));
-    }
-    listener->onReleaseBuffer({buffer->getId(), framenumber}, fenceFd,
-                              static_cast<int32_t>(currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount));
+    listener->onReleaseBuffer({buffer->getId(), framenumber},
+                              releaseFence ? releaseFence : Fence::NO_FENCE,
+                              currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
 }
 
 void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(ftl::SharedFuture<FenceResult> futureFenceResult) {
@@ -2663,18 +2756,18 @@
 
 void Layer::onSurfaceFrameCreated(
         const std::shared_ptr<frametimeline::SurfaceFrame>& surfaceFrame) {
-    if (!hasBufferOrSidebandStreamInDrawing()) {
-        return;
-    }
-
     while (mPendingJankClassifications.size() >= kPendingClassificationMaxSurfaceFrames) {
         // Too many SurfaceFrames pending classification. The front of the deque is probably not
         // tracked by FrameTimeline and will never be presented. This will only result in a memory
         // leak.
-        ALOGW("Removing the front of pending jank deque from layer - %s to prevent memory leak",
-              mName.c_str());
-        std::string miniDump = mPendingJankClassifications.front()->miniDump();
-        ALOGD("Head SurfaceFrame mini dump\n%s", miniDump.c_str());
+        if (hasBufferOrSidebandStreamInDrawing()) {
+            // Only log for layers with a buffer, since we expect the jank data to be drained for
+            // these, while there may be no jank listeners for bufferless layers.
+            ALOGW("Removing the front of pending jank deque from layer - %s to prevent memory leak",
+                  mName.c_str());
+            std::string miniDump = mPendingJankClassifications.front()->miniDump();
+            ALOGD("Head SurfaceFrame mini dump\n%s", miniDump.c_str());
+        }
         mPendingJankClassifications.pop_front();
     }
     mPendingJankClassifications.emplace_back(surfaceFrame);
@@ -3529,7 +3622,7 @@
     }
 
     // If the buffer has no alpha channel, then we are opaque
-    if (hasBufferOrSidebandStream() && isOpaqueFormat(getPixelFormat())) {
+    if (hasBufferOrSidebandStream() && LayerSnapshot::isOpaqueFormat(getPixelFormat())) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -3703,29 +3796,6 @@
             (mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getUsage() & GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED);
 }
 
-// As documented in libhardware header, formats in the range
-// 0x100 - 0x1FF are specific to the HAL implementation, and
-// are known to have no alpha channel
-// TODO: move definition for device-specific range into
-// hardware.h, instead of using hard-coded values here.
-#define HARDWARE_IS_DEVICE_FORMAT(f) ((f) >= 0x100 && (f) <= 0x1FF)
-
-bool Layer::isOpaqueFormat(PixelFormat format) {
-    if (HARDWARE_IS_DEVICE_FORMAT(format)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    switch (format) {
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8:
-            return false;
-    }
-    // in all other case, we have no blending (also for unknown formats)
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool Layer::needsFiltering(const DisplayDevice* display) const {
     if (!hasBufferOrSidebandStream()) {
         return false;
@@ -3916,13 +3986,15 @@
         snapshot->shadowSettings.length = mEffectiveShadowRadius;
     }
     snapshot->contentOpaque = isOpaque(mDrawingState);
+    snapshot->layerOpaqueFlagSet =
+            (mDrawingState.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque) == layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque;
     snapshot->isHdrY410 = isHdrY410();
     snapshot->bufferNeedsFiltering = bufferNeedsFiltering();
     sp<Layer> p = mDrawingParent.promote();
     if (p != nullptr) {
-        snapshot->transform = p->getTransform();
+        snapshot->parentTransform = p->getTransform();
     } else {
-        snapshot->transform.reset();
+        snapshot->parentTransform.reset();
     }
     snapshot->bufferSize = getBufferSize(mDrawingState);
     snapshot->externalTexture = mBufferInfo.mBuffer;
@@ -3991,6 +4063,19 @@
     return *this;
 }
 
+void Layer::setTrustedPresentationInfo(TrustedPresentationThresholds const& thresholds,
+                                       TrustedPresentationListener const& listener) {
+    bool hadTrustedPresentationListener = hasTrustedPresentationListener();
+    mTrustedPresentationListener = listener;
+    mTrustedPresentationThresholds = thresholds;
+    bool haveTrustedPresentationListener = hasTrustedPresentationListener();
+    if (!hadTrustedPresentationListener && haveTrustedPresentationListener) {
+        mFlinger->mNumTrustedPresentationListeners++;
+    } else if (hadTrustedPresentationListener && !haveTrustedPresentationListener) {
+        mFlinger->mNumTrustedPresentationListeners--;
+    }
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Layer::FrameRate& rate) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 08a13a3..7631f5d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@
     virtual sp<LayerFE> getCompositionEngineLayerFE() const;
     virtual sp<LayerFE> copyCompositionEngineLayerFE() const;
 
-    const LayerSnapshot* getLayerSnapshot() const;
-    LayerSnapshot* editLayerSnapshot();
+    const frontend::LayerSnapshot* getLayerSnapshot() const;
+    frontend::LayerSnapshot* editLayerSnapshot();
 
     // If we have received a new buffer this frame, we will pass its surface
     // damage down to hardware composer. Otherwise, we must send a region with
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
     // Returns how rounded corners should be drawn for this layer.
     // A layer can override its parent's rounded corner settings if the parent's rounded
     // corner crop does not intersect with its own rounded corner crop.
-    virtual RoundedCornerState getRoundedCornerState() const;
+    virtual frontend::RoundedCornerState getRoundedCornerState() const;
 
     bool hasRoundedCorners() const { return getRoundedCornerState().hasRoundedCorners(); }
 
@@ -527,6 +527,19 @@
 
     uint32_t getTransactionFlags() const { return mTransactionFlags; }
 
+    static bool computeTrustedPresentationState(const FloatRect& bounds,
+                                                const FloatRect& sourceBounds,
+                                                const Region& coveredRegion,
+                                                const FloatRect& screenBounds, float,
+                                                const ui::Transform&,
+                                                const TrustedPresentationThresholds&);
+    void updateTrustedPresentationState(const DisplayDevice* display, int64_t time_in_ms,
+                                        bool leaveState);
+
+    inline bool hasTrustedPresentationListener() {
+        return mTrustedPresentationListener.callbackInterface != nullptr;
+    }
+
     // Sets the masked bits.
     void setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask);
 
@@ -728,6 +741,9 @@
     std::shared_ptr<frametimeline::SurfaceFrame> createSurfaceFrameForBuffer(
             const FrameTimelineInfo& info, nsecs_t queueTime, std::string debugName);
 
+    void setTrustedPresentationInfo(TrustedPresentationThresholds const& thresholds,
+                                    TrustedPresentationListener const& listener);
+
     // Creates a new handle each time, so we only expect
     // this to be called once.
     sp<IBinder> getHandle();
@@ -746,12 +762,12 @@
      */
     bool hasInputInfo() const;
 
-    // Sets the GameMode for the tree rooted at this layer. A layer in the tree inherits this
-    // GameMode unless it (or an ancestor) has GAME_MODE_METADATA.
-    void setGameModeForTree(GameMode);
+    // Sets the gui::GameMode for the tree rooted at this layer. A layer in the tree inherits this
+    // gui::GameMode unless it (or an ancestor) has GAME_MODE_METADATA.
+    void setGameModeForTree(gui::GameMode);
 
-    void setGameMode(GameMode gameMode) { mGameMode = gameMode; }
-    GameMode getGameMode() const { return mGameMode; }
+    void setGameMode(gui::GameMode gameMode) { mGameMode = gameMode; }
+    gui::GameMode getGameMode() const { return mGameMode; }
 
     virtual uid_t getOwnerUid() const { return mOwnerUid; }
 
@@ -827,7 +843,9 @@
     void gatherBufferInfo();
     void onSurfaceFrameCreated(const std::shared_ptr<frametimeline::SurfaceFrame>&);
 
-    sp<Layer> getClonedFrom() { return mClonedFrom != nullptr ? mClonedFrom.promote() : nullptr; }
+    sp<Layer> getClonedFrom() const {
+        return mClonedFrom != nullptr ? mClonedFrom.promote() : nullptr;
+    }
     bool isClone() { return mClonedFrom != nullptr; }
     bool isClonedFromAlive() { return getClonedFrom() != nullptr; }
 
@@ -883,6 +901,12 @@
     // These are only accessed by the main thread or the tracing thread.
     State mDrawingState;
 
+    TrustedPresentationThresholds mTrustedPresentationThresholds;
+    TrustedPresentationListener mTrustedPresentationListener;
+    bool mLastComputedTrustedPresentationState = false;
+    bool mLastReportedTrustedPresentationState = false;
+    int64_t mEnteredTrustedPresentationStateTime = -1;
+
     uint32_t mTransactionFlags{0};
     // Updated in doTransaction, used to track the last sequence number we
     // committed. Currently this is really only used for updating visible
@@ -1064,7 +1088,7 @@
     float mEffectiveShadowRadius = 0.f;
 
     // Game mode for the layer. Set by WindowManagerShell and recorded by SurfaceFlingerStats.
-    GameMode mGameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
+    gui::GameMode mGameMode = gui::GameMode::Unsupported;
 
     // A list of regions on this layer that should have blurs.
     const std::vector<BlurRegion> getBlurRegions() const;
@@ -1120,7 +1144,8 @@
     ui::Transform mRequestedTransform;
 
     sp<LayerFE> mLayerFE;
-    std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot> mSnapshot = std::make_unique<LayerSnapshot>();
+    std::unique_ptr<frontend::LayerSnapshot> mSnapshot =
+            std::make_unique<frontend::LayerSnapshot>();
 
     friend class LayerSnapshotGuard;
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
index 363adc6..c31a2e3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.cpp
@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@
         case LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings::BlurSetting::Enabled:
             layerSettings.backgroundBlurRadius = mSnapshot->backgroundBlurRadius;
             layerSettings.blurRegions = mSnapshot->blurRegions;
-            layerSettings.blurRegionTransform = mSnapshot->blurRegionTransform.asMatrix4();
+            layerSettings.blurRegionTransform = mSnapshot->localTransformInverse.asMatrix4();
             break;
         case LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings::BlurSetting::BackgroundBlurOnly:
             layerSettings.backgroundBlurRadius = mSnapshot->backgroundBlurRadius;
             break;
         case LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings::BlurSetting::BlurRegionsOnly:
             layerSettings.blurRegions = mSnapshot->blurRegions;
-            layerSettings.blurRegionTransform = mSnapshot->blurRegionTransform.asMatrix4();
+            layerSettings.blurRegionTransform = mSnapshot->localTransformInverse.asMatrix4();
             break;
         case LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings::BlurSetting::Disabled:
         default:
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
          * of a camera where the buffer remains in native orientation,
          * we want the pixels to always be upright.
          */
-        const auto parentTransform = mSnapshot->transform;
+        const auto parentTransform = mSnapshot->parentTransform;
         tr = tr * inverseOrientation(parentTransform.getOrientation());
 
         // and finally apply it to the original texture matrix
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
index 822bcb7..01da019 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerFE.h
@@ -17,48 +17,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
-
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h"
 #include "compositionengine/LayerFE.h"
 #include "compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h"
 #include "renderengine/LayerSettings.h"
 
 namespace android {
-struct RoundedCornerState {
-    RoundedCornerState() = default;
-    RoundedCornerState(const FloatRect& cropRect, const vec2& radius)
-          : cropRect(cropRect), radius(radius) {}
-
-    // Rounded rectangle in local layer coordinate space.
-    FloatRect cropRect = FloatRect();
-    // Radius of the rounded rectangle.
-    vec2 radius;
-    bool hasRoundedCorners() const { return radius.x > 0.0f && radius.y > 0.0f; }
-};
-
-// LayerSnapshot stores Layer state used by CompositionEngine and RenderEngine. Composition
-// Engine uses a pointer to LayerSnapshot (as LayerFECompositionState*) and the LayerSettings
-// passed to Render Engine are created using properties stored on this struct.
-struct LayerSnapshot : public compositionengine::LayerFECompositionState {
-    int32_t sequence;
-    std::string name;
-    uint32_t textureName;
-    bool contentOpaque;
-    RoundedCornerState roundedCorner;
-    StretchEffect stretchEffect;
-    FloatRect transformedBounds;
-    renderengine::ShadowSettings shadowSettings;
-    bool premultipliedAlpha;
-    bool isHdrY410;
-    bool bufferNeedsFiltering;
-    ui::Transform transform;
-    Rect bufferSize;
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> externalTexture;
-    gui::LayerMetadata layerMetadata;
-    gui::LayerMetadata relativeLayerMetadata;
-    bool contentDirty;
-    bool hasReadyFrame;
-    ui::Transform blurRegionTransform;
-};
 
 struct CompositionResult {
     // TODO(b/238781169) update CE to no longer pass refreshStartTime to LayerFE::onPreComposition
@@ -86,7 +50,7 @@
             compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings&) const;
     CompositionResult&& stealCompositionResult();
 
-    std::unique_ptr<LayerSnapshot> mSnapshot;
+    std::unique_ptr<surfaceflinger::frontend::LayerSnapshot> mSnapshot;
 
 private:
     std::optional<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings> prepareClientCompositionInternal(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index 7aa7e17..0ade467 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -320,7 +320,12 @@
     const auto width = std::min({kMaxWidth, viewport.width, viewport.height});
     const auto height = 2 * width;
     Rect frame((5 * width) >> 4, height >> 5);
-    frame.offsetBy(width >> 5, height >> 4);
+
+    if (!mFeatures.test(Features::ShowInMiddle)) {
+        frame.offsetBy(width >> 5, height >> 4);
+    } else {
+        frame.offsetBy(width >> 1, height >> 4);
+    }
 
     createTransaction(mSurfaceControl->get())
             .setMatrix(mSurfaceControl->get(), frame.getWidth() / static_cast<float>(kBufferWidth),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index d6f828f..b68a88c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
     enum class Features {
         Spinner = 1 << 0,
         RenderRate = 1 << 1,
+        ShowInMiddle = 1 << 2,
     };
 
     RefreshRateOverlay(FpsRange, ftl::Flags<Features>);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
index b62b15c..e8c891e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 namespace android {
 
 class Layer;
-class Scheduler;
 class SurfaceFlinger;
 struct SamplingOffsetCallback;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4af1f5c..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
-
-#include "DispSyncSource.h"
-
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-#include <mutex>
-
-#include "EventThread.h"
-#include "VSyncTracker.h"
-#include "VsyncController.h"
-
-namespace android::scheduler {
-using base::StringAppendF;
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-
-class CallbackRepeater {
-public:
-    CallbackRepeater(VSyncDispatch& dispatch, VSyncDispatch::Callback cb, const char* name,
-                     std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration,
-                     std::chrono::nanoseconds notBefore)
-          : mName(name),
-            mCallback(cb),
-            mRegistration(dispatch,
-                          std::bind(&CallbackRepeater::callback, this, std::placeholders::_1,
-                                    std::placeholders::_2, std::placeholders::_3),
-                          mName),
-            mStarted(false),
-            mWorkDuration(workDuration),
-            mReadyDuration(readyDuration),
-            mLastCallTime(notBefore) {}
-
-    ~CallbackRepeater() {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        mRegistration.cancel();
-    }
-
-    void start(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        mStarted = true;
-        mWorkDuration = workDuration;
-        mReadyDuration = readyDuration;
-
-        auto const scheduleResult =
-                mRegistration.schedule({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.count(),
-                                        .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
-                                        .earliestVsync = mLastCallTime.count()});
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((!scheduleResult.has_value()), "Error scheduling callback");
-    }
-
-    void stop() {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mStarted, "DispSyncInterface misuse: callback already stopped");
-        mStarted = false;
-        mRegistration.cancel();
-    }
-
-    void dump(std::string& result) const {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        const auto relativeLastCallTime =
-                mLastCallTime - std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch();
-        StringAppendF(&result, "\t%s: ", mName.c_str());
-        StringAppendF(&result, "mWorkDuration=%.2f mReadyDuration=%.2f last vsync time ",
-                      mWorkDuration.count() / 1e6f, mReadyDuration.count() / 1e6f);
-        StringAppendF(&result, "%.2fms relative to now (%s)\n", relativeLastCallTime.count() / 1e6f,
-                      mStarted ? "running" : "stopped");
-    }
-
-private:
-    void callback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t wakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime) {
-        {
-            std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-            mLastCallTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncTime);
-        }
-
-        mCallback(vsyncTime, wakeupTime, readyTime);
-
-        {
-            std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-            if (!mStarted) {
-                return;
-            }
-            auto const scheduleResult =
-                    mRegistration.schedule({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.count(),
-                                            .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
-                                            .earliestVsync = vsyncTime});
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!scheduleResult.has_value(), "Error rescheduling callback");
-        }
-    }
-
-    const std::string mName;
-    scheduler::VSyncDispatch::Callback mCallback;
-
-    mutable std::mutex mMutex;
-    VSyncCallbackRegistration mRegistration GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
-    bool mStarted GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = false;
-    std::chrono::nanoseconds mWorkDuration GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0ns;
-    std::chrono::nanoseconds mReadyDuration GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0ns;
-    std::chrono::nanoseconds mLastCallTime GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0ns;
-};
-
-DispSyncSource::DispSyncSource(VSyncDispatch& vSyncDispatch, VSyncTracker& vSyncTracker,
-                               std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                               std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration, bool traceVsync,
-                               const char* name)
-      : mName(name),
-        mValue(base::StringPrintf("VSYNC-%s", name), 0),
-        mTraceVsync(traceVsync),
-        mVsyncOnLabel(base::StringPrintf("VsyncOn-%s", name)),
-        mVSyncTracker(vSyncTracker),
-        mWorkDuration(base::StringPrintf("VsyncWorkDuration-%s", name), workDuration),
-        mReadyDuration(readyDuration) {
-    mCallbackRepeater =
-            std::make_unique<CallbackRepeater>(vSyncDispatch,
-                                               std::bind(&DispSyncSource::onVsyncCallback, this,
-                                                         std::placeholders::_1,
-                                                         std::placeholders::_2,
-                                                         std::placeholders::_3),
-                                               name, workDuration, readyDuration,
-                                               std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
-}
-
-DispSyncSource::~DispSyncSource() = default;
-
-void DispSyncSource::setVSyncEnabled(bool enable) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mVsyncMutex);
-    if (enable) {
-        mCallbackRepeater->start(mWorkDuration, mReadyDuration);
-        // ATRACE_INT(mVsyncOnLabel.c_str(), 1);
-    } else {
-        mCallbackRepeater->stop();
-        // ATRACE_INT(mVsyncOnLabel.c_str(), 0);
-    }
-    mEnabled = enable;
-}
-
-void DispSyncSource::setCallback(VSyncSource::Callback* callback) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mCallbackMutex);
-    mCallback = callback;
-}
-
-void DispSyncSource::setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                                 std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mVsyncMutex);
-    mWorkDuration = workDuration;
-    mReadyDuration = readyDuration;
-
-    // If we're not enabled, we don't need to mess with the listeners
-    if (!mEnabled) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    mCallbackRepeater->start(mWorkDuration, mReadyDuration);
-}
-
-void DispSyncSource::onVsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime,
-                                     nsecs_t readyTime) {
-    VSyncSource::Callback* callback;
-    {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mCallbackMutex);
-        callback = mCallback;
-    }
-
-    if (mTraceVsync) {
-        mValue = (mValue + 1) % 2;
-    }
-
-    if (callback != nullptr) {
-        callback->onVSyncEvent(targetWakeupTime, {vsyncTime, readyTime});
-    }
-}
-
-VSyncSource::VSyncData DispSyncSource::getLatestVSyncData() const {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mVsyncMutex);
-    nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime = mVSyncTracker.nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(
-            systemTime() + mWorkDuration.get().count() + mReadyDuration.count());
-    nsecs_t deadline = expectedPresentationTime - mReadyDuration.count();
-    return {expectedPresentationTime, deadline};
-}
-
-void DispSyncSource::dump(std::string& result) const {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mVsyncMutex);
-    StringAppendF(&result, "DispSyncSource: %s(%s)\n", mName, mEnabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
-}
-
-} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h
deleted file mode 100644
index edcd3ac..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#pragma once
-
-#include <mutex>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "EventThread.h"
-#include "TracedOrdinal.h"
-#include "VSyncDispatch.h"
-
-namespace android::scheduler {
-class CallbackRepeater;
-class VSyncTracker;
-
-class DispSyncSource final : public VSyncSource {
-public:
-    DispSyncSource(VSyncDispatch& vSyncDispatch, VSyncTracker& vSyncTracker,
-                   std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration,
-                   bool traceVsync, const char* name);
-
-    ~DispSyncSource() override;
-
-    // The following methods are implementation of VSyncSource.
-    const char* getName() const override { return mName; }
-    void setVSyncEnabled(bool enable) override;
-    void setCallback(VSyncSource::Callback* callback) override;
-    void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                     std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) override;
-    VSyncData getLatestVSyncData() const override;
-
-    void dump(std::string&) const override;
-
-private:
-    void onVsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime);
-
-    const char* const mName;
-    TracedOrdinal<int> mValue;
-
-    const bool mTraceVsync;
-    const std::string mVsyncOnLabel;
-
-    const VSyncTracker& mVSyncTracker;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<CallbackRepeater> mCallbackRepeater;
-
-    std::mutex mCallbackMutex;
-    VSyncSource::Callback* mCallback GUARDED_BY(mCallbackMutex) = nullptr;
-
-    mutable std::mutex mVsyncMutex;
-    TracedOrdinal<std::chrono::nanoseconds> mWorkDuration GUARDED_BY(mVsyncMutex);
-    std::chrono::nanoseconds mReadyDuration GUARDED_BY(mVsyncMutex);
-    bool mEnabled GUARDED_BY(mVsyncMutex) = false;
-};
-
-} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index 008d8c4..a902a8e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <optional>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
@@ -43,6 +44,8 @@
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
+#include "VSyncDispatch.h"
+#include "VSyncTracker.h"
 
 #include "EventThread.h"
 
@@ -235,20 +238,29 @@
 
 namespace impl {
 
-EventThread::EventThread(std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> vsyncSource,
+EventThread::EventThread(const char* name, scheduler::VsyncSchedule& vsyncSchedule,
                          android::frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager,
                          ThrottleVsyncCallback throttleVsyncCallback,
-                         GetVsyncPeriodFunction getVsyncPeriodFunction)
-      : mVSyncSource(std::move(vsyncSource)),
+                         GetVsyncPeriodFunction getVsyncPeriodFunction,
+                         std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
+                         std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration)
+      : mThreadName(name),
+        mVsyncTracer(base::StringPrintf("VSYNC-%s", name), 0),
+        mWorkDuration(base::StringPrintf("VsyncWorkDuration-%s", name), workDuration),
+        mReadyDuration(readyDuration),
+        mVsyncSchedule(vsyncSchedule),
+        mVsyncRegistration(
+                vsyncSchedule.getDispatch(),
+                [this](nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t wakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime) {
+                    onVsync(vsyncTime, wakeupTime, readyTime);
+                },
+                name),
         mTokenManager(tokenManager),
         mThrottleVsyncCallback(std::move(throttleVsyncCallback)),
-        mGetVsyncPeriodFunction(std::move(getVsyncPeriodFunction)),
-        mThreadName(mVSyncSource->getName()) {
+        mGetVsyncPeriodFunction(std::move(getVsyncPeriodFunction)) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(getVsyncPeriodFunction == nullptr,
             "getVsyncPeriodFunction must not be null");
 
-    mVSyncSource->setCallback(this);
-
     mThread = std::thread([this]() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
         threadMain(lock);
@@ -270,8 +282,6 @@
 }
 
 EventThread::~EventThread() {
-    mVSyncSource->setCallback(nullptr);
-
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
         mState = State::Quit;
@@ -283,7 +293,12 @@
 void EventThread::setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                               std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-    mVSyncSource->setDuration(workDuration, readyDuration);
+    mWorkDuration = workDuration;
+    mReadyDuration = readyDuration;
+
+    mVsyncRegistration.update({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.get().count(),
+                               .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
+                               .earliestVsync = mLastVsyncCallbackTime.ns()});
 }
 
 sp<EventThreadConnection> EventThread::createEventConnection(
@@ -358,13 +373,14 @@
     VsyncEventData vsyncEventData;
     nsecs_t frameInterval = mGetVsyncPeriodFunction(connection->mOwnerUid);
     vsyncEventData.frameInterval = frameInterval;
-    VSyncSource::VSyncData vsyncData;
-    {
+    const auto [presentTime, deadline] = [&]() -> std::pair<nsecs_t, nsecs_t> {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-        vsyncData = mVSyncSource->getLatestVSyncData();
-    }
+        const auto vsyncTime = mVsyncSchedule.getTracker().nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(
+                systemTime() + mWorkDuration.get().count() + mReadyDuration.count());
+        return {vsyncTime, vsyncTime - mReadyDuration.count()};
+    }();
     generateFrameTimeline(vsyncEventData, frameInterval, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
-                          vsyncData.expectedPresentationTime, vsyncData.deadlineTimestamp);
+                          presentTime, deadline);
     return vsyncEventData;
 }
 
@@ -388,13 +404,14 @@
     mCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
-void EventThread::onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t timestamp, VSyncSource::VSyncData vsyncData) {
+void EventThread::onVsync(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t wakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    mLastVsyncCallbackTime = TimePoint::fromNs(vsyncTime);
 
     LOG_FATAL_IF(!mVSyncState);
-    mPendingEvents.push_back(makeVSync(mVSyncState->displayId, timestamp, ++mVSyncState->count,
-                                       vsyncData.expectedPresentationTime,
-                                       vsyncData.deadlineTimestamp));
+    mVsyncTracer = (mVsyncTracer + 1) % 2;
+    mPendingEvents.push_back(makeVSync(mVSyncState->displayId, wakeupTime, ++mVSyncState->count,
+                                       vsyncTime, readyTime));
     mCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
@@ -456,12 +473,12 @@
         auto it = mDisplayEventConnections.begin();
         while (it != mDisplayEventConnections.end()) {
             if (const auto connection = it->promote()) {
-                vsyncRequested |= connection->vsyncRequest != VSyncRequest::None;
-
                 if (event && shouldConsumeEvent(*event, connection)) {
                     consumers.push_back(connection);
                 }
 
+                vsyncRequested |= connection->vsyncRequest != VSyncRequest::None;
+
                 ++it;
             } else {
                 it = mDisplayEventConnections.erase(it);
@@ -473,25 +490,24 @@
             consumers.clear();
         }
 
-        State nextState;
         if (mVSyncState && vsyncRequested) {
-            nextState = mVSyncState->synthetic ? State::SyntheticVSync : State::VSync;
+            mState = mVSyncState->synthetic ? State::SyntheticVSync : State::VSync;
         } else {
             ALOGW_IF(!mVSyncState, "Ignoring VSYNC request while display is disconnected");
-            nextState = State::Idle;
+            mState = State::Idle;
         }
 
-        if (mState != nextState) {
-            if (mState == State::VSync) {
-                mVSyncSource->setVSyncEnabled(false);
-            } else if (nextState == State::VSync) {
-                mVSyncSource->setVSyncEnabled(true);
-            }
-
-            mState = nextState;
+        if (mState == State::VSync) {
+            const auto scheduleResult =
+                    mVsyncRegistration.schedule({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.get().count(),
+                                                 .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
+                                                 .earliestVsync = mLastVsyncCallbackTime.ns()});
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!scheduleResult, "Error scheduling callback");
+        } else {
+            mVsyncRegistration.cancel();
         }
 
-        if (event) {
+        if (!mPendingEvents.empty()) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -506,15 +522,6 @@
             if (mCondition.wait_for(lock, timeout) == std::cv_status::timeout) {
                 if (mState == State::VSync) {
                     ALOGW("Faking VSYNC due to driver stall for thread %s", mThreadName);
-                    std::string debugInfo = "VsyncSource debug info:\n";
-                    mVSyncSource->dump(debugInfo);
-                    // Log the debug info line-by-line to avoid logcat overflow
-                    auto pos = debugInfo.find('\n');
-                    while (pos != std::string::npos) {
-                        ALOGW("%s", debugInfo.substr(0, pos).c_str());
-                        debugInfo = debugInfo.substr(pos + 1);
-                        pos = debugInfo.find('\n');
-                    }
                 }
 
                 LOG_FATAL_IF(!mVSyncState);
@@ -527,6 +534,8 @@
             }
         }
     }
+    // cancel any pending vsync event before exiting
+    mVsyncRegistration.cancel();
 }
 
 bool EventThread::shouldConsumeEvent(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event,
@@ -657,6 +666,12 @@
         StringAppendF(&result, "none\n");
     }
 
+    const auto relativeLastCallTime =
+            ticks<std::milli, float>(mLastVsyncCallbackTime - TimePoint::now());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "mWorkDuration=%.2f mReadyDuration=%.2f last vsync time ",
+                  mWorkDuration.get().count() / 1e6f, mReadyDuration.count() / 1e6f);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "%.2fms relative to now\n", relativeLastCallTime);
+
     StringAppendF(&result, "  pending events (count=%zu):\n", mPendingEvents.size());
     for (const auto& event : mPendingEvents) {
         StringAppendF(&result, "    %s\n", toString(event).c_str());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 43c3598..ab9085e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
+#include "TracedOrdinal.h"
+#include "VSyncDispatch.h"
+#include "VsyncSchedule.h"
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 namespace android {
@@ -64,32 +67,6 @@
     // Subsequent values are periods.
 };
 
-class VSyncSource {
-public:
-    class VSyncData {
-    public:
-        nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime;
-        nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp;
-    };
-
-    class Callback {
-    public:
-        virtual ~Callback() {}
-        virtual void onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t when, VSyncData vsyncData) = 0;
-    };
-
-    virtual ~VSyncSource() {}
-
-    virtual const char* getName() const = 0;
-    virtual void setVSyncEnabled(bool enable) = 0;
-    virtual void setCallback(Callback* callback) = 0;
-    virtual void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                             std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) = 0;
-    virtual VSyncData getLatestVSyncData() const = 0;
-
-    virtual void dump(std::string& result) const = 0;
-};
-
 class EventThreadConnection : public gui::BnDisplayEventConnection {
 public:
     EventThreadConnection(EventThread*, uid_t callingUid, ResyncCallback,
@@ -160,13 +137,14 @@
 
 namespace impl {
 
-class EventThread : public android::EventThread, private VSyncSource::Callback {
+class EventThread : public android::EventThread {
 public:
     using ThrottleVsyncCallback = std::function<bool(nsecs_t, uid_t)>;
     using GetVsyncPeriodFunction = std::function<nsecs_t(uid_t)>;
 
-    EventThread(std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource>, frametimeline::TokenManager*, ThrottleVsyncCallback,
-                GetVsyncPeriodFunction);
+    EventThread(const char* name, scheduler::VsyncSchedule&, frametimeline::TokenManager*,
+                ThrottleVsyncCallback, GetVsyncPeriodFunction,
+                std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
     ~EventThread();
 
     sp<EventThreadConnection> createEventConnection(
@@ -213,8 +191,7 @@
     void removeDisplayEventConnectionLocked(const wp<EventThreadConnection>& connection)
             REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
-    // Implements VSyncSource::Callback
-    void onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t timestamp, VSyncSource::VSyncData vsyncData) override;
+    void onVsync(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t wakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime);
 
     int64_t generateToken(nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp,
                           nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime) const;
@@ -222,12 +199,17 @@
                                nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t preferredExpectedPresentationTime,
                                nsecs_t preferredDeadlineTimestamp) const;
 
-    const std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> mVSyncSource GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    const char* const mThreadName;
+    TracedOrdinal<int> mVsyncTracer;
+    TracedOrdinal<std::chrono::nanoseconds> mWorkDuration GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds mReadyDuration GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    scheduler::VsyncSchedule& mVsyncSchedule;
+    TimePoint mLastVsyncCallbackTime GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = TimePoint::now();
+    scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration mVsyncRegistration GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     frametimeline::TokenManager* const mTokenManager;
 
     const ThrottleVsyncCallback mThrottleVsyncCallback;
     const GetVsyncPeriodFunction mGetVsyncPeriodFunction;
-    const char* const mThreadName;
 
     std::thread mThread;
     mutable std::mutex mMutex;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
index ae10ff4..9b04497 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,8 @@
 void MessageQueue::initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch& dispatch,
                              frametimeline::TokenManager& tokenManager,
                              std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) {
-    setDuration(workDuration);
+    std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
+    mVsync.workDuration = workDuration;
     mVsync.tokenManager = &tokenManager;
     mVsync.registration = std::make_unique<
             scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration>(dispatch,
@@ -89,16 +90,20 @@
                                                   "sf");
 }
 
+void MessageQueue::destroyVsync() {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
+    mVsync.tokenManager = nullptr;
+    mVsync.registration.reset();
+}
+
 void MessageQueue::setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
     mVsync.workDuration = workDuration;
-    if (mVsync.scheduledFrameTime) {
-        mVsync.scheduledFrameTime =
-                mVsync.registration->schedule({.workDuration = mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
-                                               .readyDuration = 0,
-                                               .earliestVsync = mVsync.lastCallbackTime.ns()});
-    }
+    mVsync.scheduledFrameTime =
+            mVsync.registration->update({.workDuration = mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
+                                         .readyDuration = 0,
+                                         .earliestVsync = mVsync.lastCallbackTime.ns()});
 }
 
 void MessageQueue::waitMessage() {
@@ -127,6 +132,10 @@
     mLooper->sendMessage(handler, Message());
 }
 
+void MessageQueue::postMessageDelayed(sp<MessageHandler>&& handler, nsecs_t uptimeDelay) {
+    mLooper->sendMessageDelayed(uptimeDelay, handler, Message());
+}
+
 void MessageQueue::scheduleConfigure() {
     struct ConfigureHandler : MessageHandler {
         explicit ConfigureHandler(ICompositor& compositor) : compositor(compositor) {}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
index 04de492..ad0ea72 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
@@ -75,9 +75,11 @@
 
     virtual void initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                            std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) = 0;
+    virtual void destroyVsync() = 0;
     virtual void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) = 0;
     virtual void waitMessage() = 0;
     virtual void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&&) = 0;
+    virtual void postMessageDelayed(sp<MessageHandler>&&, nsecs_t uptimeDelay) = 0;
     virtual void scheduleConfigure() = 0;
     virtual void scheduleFrame() = 0;
 
@@ -138,10 +140,12 @@
 
     void initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                    std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) override;
+    void destroyVsync() override;
     void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) override;
 
     void waitMessage() override;
     void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&&) override;
+    void postMessageDelayed(sp<MessageHandler>&&, nsecs_t uptimeDelay) override;
 
     void scheduleConfigure() override;
     void scheduleFrame() override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index 04c2d41..30821d8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <ftl/fake_guard.h>
 #include <ftl/match.h>
 #include <ftl/unit.h>
+#include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
 #include <scheduler/FrameRateMode.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
@@ -416,8 +417,10 @@
     // Keep the display at max frame rate for the duration of powering on the display.
     if (signals.powerOnImminent) {
         ALOGV("Power On Imminent");
-        return {rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Descending),
-                GlobalSignals{.powerOnImminent = true}};
+        const auto ranking = rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (Power On Imminent)",
+                              to_string(ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ranking, GlobalSignals{.powerOnImminent = true}};
     }
 
     int noVoteLayers = 0;
@@ -476,8 +479,10 @@
     // selected a refresh rate to see if we should apply touch boost.
     if (signals.touch && !hasExplicitVoteLayers) {
         ALOGV("Touch Boost");
-        return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending),
-                GlobalSignals{.touch = true}};
+        const auto ranking = rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (Touch Boost)",
+                              to_string(ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ranking, GlobalSignals{.touch = true}};
     }
 
     // If the primary range consists of a single refresh rate then we can only
@@ -488,19 +493,26 @@
 
     if (!signals.touch && signals.idle && !(primaryRangeIsSingleRate && hasExplicitVoteLayers)) {
         ALOGV("Idle");
-        return {rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending),
-                GlobalSignals{.idle = true}};
+        const auto ranking = rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending);
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (Idle)", to_string(ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ranking, GlobalSignals{.idle = true}};
     }
 
     if (layers.empty() || noVoteLayers == layers.size()) {
         ALOGV("No layers with votes");
-        return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending), kNoSignals};
+        const auto ranking = rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (No layers with votes)",
+                              to_string(ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ranking, kNoSignals};
     }
 
     // Only if all layers want Min we should return Min
     if (noVoteLayers + minVoteLayers == layers.size()) {
         ALOGV("All layers Min");
-        return {rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending), kNoSignals};
+        const auto ranking = rankFrameRates(activeMode.getGroup(), RefreshRateOrder::Ascending);
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (All layers Min)",
+                              to_string(ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ranking, kNoSignals};
     }
 
     // Find the best refresh rate based on score
@@ -670,8 +682,13 @@
         // range instead of picking a random score from the app range.
         if (noLayerScore) {
             ALOGV("Layers not scored");
-            return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending), kNoSignals};
+            const auto descending = rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Descending);
+            ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (Layers not scored)",
+                                  to_string(descending.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+            return {descending, kNoSignals};
         } else {
+            ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (primaryRangeIsSingleRate)",
+                                  to_string(ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
             return {ranking, kNoSignals};
         }
     }
@@ -696,17 +713,22 @@
     if (signals.touch && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && touchBoostForExplicitExact &&
         scores.front().frameRateMode.fps < touchRefreshRates.front().frameRateMode.fps) {
         ALOGV("Touch Boost");
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (Touch Boost [late])",
+                              to_string(touchRefreshRates.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
         return {touchRefreshRates, GlobalSignals{.touch = true}};
     }
 
     // If we never scored any layers, and we don't favor high refresh rates, prefer to stay with the
     // current config
     if (noLayerScore && refreshRateOrder == RefreshRateOrder::Ascending) {
-        const auto preferredDisplayMode = activeMode.getId();
-        return {rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Ascending, preferredDisplayMode),
-                kNoSignals};
+        const auto ascendingWithPreferred =
+                rankFrameRates(anchorGroup, RefreshRateOrder::Ascending, activeMode.getId());
+        ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (preferredDisplayMode)",
+                              to_string(ascendingWithPreferred.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
+        return {ascendingWithPreferred, kNoSignals};
     }
 
+    ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("%s (scored))", to_string(ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps).c_str());
     return {ranking, kNoSignals};
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 74a81b7..1fc1519 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 #include <numeric>
 
 #include "../Layer.h"
-#include "DispSyncSource.h"
 #include "Display/DisplayMap.h"
 #include "EventThread.h"
 #include "FrameRateOverrideMappings.h"
@@ -61,10 +60,19 @@
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-Scheduler::Scheduler(ICompositor& compositor, ISchedulerCallback& callback, FeatureFlags features)
-      : impl::MessageQueue(compositor), mFeatures(features), mSchedulerCallback(callback) {}
+Scheduler::Scheduler(ICompositor& compositor, ISchedulerCallback& callback, FeatureFlags features,
+                     sp<VsyncModulator> modulatorPtr)
+      : impl::MessageQueue(compositor),
+        mFeatures(features),
+        mVsyncModulator(std::move(modulatorPtr)),
+        mSchedulerCallback(callback) {}
 
 Scheduler::~Scheduler() {
+    // MessageQueue depends on VsyncSchedule, so first destroy it.
+    // Otherwise, MessageQueue will get destroyed after Scheduler's dtor,
+    // which will cause a use-after-free issue.
+    Impl::destroyVsync();
+
     // Stop timers and wait for their threads to exit.
     mDisplayPowerTimer.reset();
     mTouchTimer.reset();
@@ -142,14 +150,6 @@
     mVsyncSchedule.emplace(features);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> Scheduler::makePrimaryDispSyncSource(
-        const char* name, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-        std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration, bool traceVsync) {
-    return std::make_unique<scheduler::DispSyncSource>(mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch(),
-                                                       mVsyncSchedule->getTracker(), workDuration,
-                                                       readyDuration, traceVsync, name);
-}
-
 std::optional<Fps> Scheduler::getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const {
     const bool supportsFrameRateOverrideByContent =
             leaderSelectorPtr()->supportsAppFrameRateOverrideByContent();
@@ -190,17 +190,19 @@
     };
 }
 
-ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createConnection(const char* connectionName,
-                                             frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager,
-                                             std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                                             std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) {
-    auto vsyncSource = makePrimaryDispSyncSource(connectionName, workDuration, readyDuration);
-    auto throttleVsync = makeThrottleVsyncCallback();
-    auto getVsyncPeriod = makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction();
-    auto eventThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(std::move(vsyncSource), tokenManager,
-                                                           std::move(throttleVsync),
-                                                           std::move(getVsyncPeriod));
-    return createConnection(std::move(eventThread));
+ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createEventThread(Cycle cycle,
+                                              frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager,
+                                              std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
+                                              std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) {
+    auto eventThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(cycle == Cycle::Render ? "app" : "appSf",
+                                                           *mVsyncSchedule, tokenManager,
+                                                           makeThrottleVsyncCallback(),
+                                                           makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction(),
+                                                           workDuration, readyDuration);
+
+    auto& handle = cycle == Cycle::Render ? mAppConnectionHandle : mSfConnectionHandle;
+    handle = createConnection(std::move(eventThread));
+    return handle;
 }
 
 ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread> eventThread) {
@@ -360,6 +362,20 @@
     thread->setDuration(workDuration, readyDuration);
 }
 
+void Scheduler::setVsyncConfigSet(const VsyncConfigSet& configs, Period vsyncPeriod) {
+    setVsyncConfig(mVsyncModulator->setVsyncConfigSet(configs), vsyncPeriod);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::setVsyncConfig(const VsyncConfig& config, Period vsyncPeriod) {
+    setDuration(mAppConnectionHandle,
+                /* workDuration */ config.appWorkDuration,
+                /* readyDuration */ config.sfWorkDuration);
+    setDuration(mSfConnectionHandle,
+                /* workDuration */ vsyncPeriod,
+                /* readyDuration */ config.sfWorkDuration);
+    setDuration(config.sfWorkDuration);
+}
+
 void Scheduler::enableHardwareVsync() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mHWVsyncLock);
     if (!mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled && mHWVsyncAvailable) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index f189426..ef7d0cf 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <ftl/optional.h>
 #include <scheduler/Features.h>
 #include <scheduler/Time.h>
+#include <scheduler/VsyncConfig.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayId.h>
 
 #include "Display/DisplayMap.h"
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 #include "OneShotTimer.h"
 #include "RefreshRateSelector.h"
 #include "Utils/Dumper.h"
+#include "VsyncModulator.h"
 #include "VsyncSchedule.h"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@
     using Impl = android::impl::MessageQueue;
 
 public:
-    Scheduler(ICompositor&, ISchedulerCallback&, FeatureFlags);
+    Scheduler(ICompositor&, ISchedulerCallback&, FeatureFlags, sp<VsyncModulator>);
     virtual ~Scheduler();
 
     void startTimers();
@@ -139,9 +141,21 @@
         return std::move(future);
     }
 
-    ConnectionHandle createConnection(const char* connectionName, frametimeline::TokenManager*,
-                                      std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                                      std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
+    template <typename F, typename T = std::invoke_result_t<F>>
+    [[nodiscard]] std::future<T> scheduleDelayed(F&& f, nsecs_t uptimeDelay) {
+        auto [task, future] = makeTask(std::move(f));
+        postMessageDelayed(std::move(task), uptimeDelay);
+        return std::move(future);
+    }
+
+    enum class Cycle {
+        Render,       // Surface rendering.
+        LastComposite // Ahead of display compositing by one refresh period.
+    };
+
+    ConnectionHandle createEventThread(Cycle, frametimeline::TokenManager*,
+                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
+                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
 
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection(
             ConnectionHandle, EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {});
@@ -161,6 +175,18 @@
     void setDuration(ConnectionHandle, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                      std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
 
+    const VsyncModulator& vsyncModulator() const { return *mVsyncModulator; }
+
+    template <typename... Args,
+              typename Handler = std::optional<VsyncConfig> (VsyncModulator::*)(Args...)>
+    void modulateVsync(Handler handler, Args... args) {
+        if (const auto config = (*mVsyncModulator.*handler)(args...)) {
+            setVsyncConfig(*config, getLeaderVsyncPeriod());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setVsyncConfigSet(const VsyncConfigSet&, Period vsyncPeriod);
+
     // Sets the render rate for the scheduler to run at.
     void setRenderRate(Fps);
 
@@ -223,11 +249,6 @@
 
     size_t getEventThreadConnectionCount(ConnectionHandle handle);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> makePrimaryDispSyncSource(const char* name,
-                                                           std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                                                           std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration,
-                                                           bool traceVsync = true);
-
     // Stores the preferred refresh rate that an app should run at.
     // FrameRateOverride.refreshRateHz == 0 means no preference.
     void setPreferredRefreshRateForUid(FrameRateOverride);
@@ -237,8 +258,8 @@
     // Retrieves the overridden refresh rate for a given uid.
     std::optional<Fps> getFrameRateOverride(uid_t) const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
-    nsecs_t getLeaderVsyncPeriod() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
-        return leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriodNsecs();
+    Period getLeaderVsyncPeriod() const EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock) {
+        return leaderSelectorPtr()->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriod();
     }
 
     // Returns the framerate of the layer with the given sequence ID
@@ -268,6 +289,7 @@
     void displayPowerTimerCallback(TimerState);
 
     void setVsyncPeriod(nsecs_t period);
+    void setVsyncConfig(const VsyncConfig&, Period vsyncPeriod);
 
     // Chooses a leader among the registered displays, unless `leaderIdOpt` is specified. The new
     // `mLeaderDisplayId` is never `std::nullopt`.
@@ -328,6 +350,9 @@
     mutable std::mutex mConnectionsLock;
     std::unordered_map<ConnectionHandle, Connection> mConnections GUARDED_BY(mConnectionsLock);
 
+    ConnectionHandle mAppConnectionHandle;
+    ConnectionHandle mSfConnectionHandle;
+
     mutable std::mutex mHWVsyncLock;
     bool mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock) = false;
     bool mHWVsyncAvailable GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock) = false;
@@ -337,6 +362,9 @@
     const FeatureFlags mFeatures;
     std::optional<VsyncSchedule> mVsyncSchedule;
 
+    // Shifts the VSYNC phase during certain transactions and refresh rate changes.
+    const sp<VsyncModulator> mVsyncModulator;
+
     // Used to choose refresh rate if content detection is enabled.
     LayerHistory mLayerHistory;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
index 2bfe204..9520131 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
@@ -126,6 +126,17 @@
      */
     virtual ScheduleResult schedule(CallbackToken token, ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) = 0;
 
+    /*
+     * Update the timing information for a scheduled callback.
+     * If the callback is not scheduled, then this function does nothing.
+     *
+     * \param [in] token           The callback to schedule.
+     * \param [in] scheduleTiming  The timing information for this schedule call
+     * \return                     The expected callback time if a callback was scheduled.
+     *                             std::nullopt if the callback is not registered.
+     */
+    virtual ScheduleResult update(CallbackToken token, ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) = 0;
+
     /* Cancels a scheduled callback, if possible.
      *
      * \param [in] token    The callback to cancel.
@@ -159,6 +170,9 @@
     // See documentation for VSyncDispatch::schedule.
     ScheduleResult schedule(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming);
 
+    // See documentation for VSyncDispatch::update.
+    ScheduleResult update(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming);
+
     // See documentation for VSyncDispatch::cancel.
     CancelResult cancel();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
index cc9f7cf..73d52cf 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
@@ -347,38 +347,54 @@
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::schedule(CallbackToken token,
                                                  ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
-    ScheduleResult result;
-    {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    return scheduleLocked(token, scheduleTiming);
+}
 
-        auto it = mCallbacks.find(token);
-        if (it == mCallbacks.end()) {
-            return result;
-        }
-        auto& callback = it->second;
-        auto const now = mTimeKeeper->now();
+ScheduleResult VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::scheduleLocked(CallbackToken token,
+                                                       ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
+    auto it = mCallbacks.find(token);
+    if (it == mCallbacks.end()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    auto& callback = it->second;
+    auto const now = mTimeKeeper->now();
 
-        /* If the timer thread will run soon, we'll apply this work update via the callback
-         * timer recalculation to avoid cancelling a callback that is about to fire. */
-        auto const rearmImminent = now > mIntendedWakeupTime;
-        if (CC_UNLIKELY(rearmImminent)) {
-            callback->addPendingWorkloadUpdate(scheduleTiming);
-            return getExpectedCallbackTime(mTracker, now, scheduleTiming);
-        }
+    /* If the timer thread will run soon, we'll apply this work update via the callback
+     * timer recalculation to avoid cancelling a callback that is about to fire. */
+    auto const rearmImminent = now > mIntendedWakeupTime;
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(rearmImminent)) {
+        callback->addPendingWorkloadUpdate(scheduleTiming);
+        return getExpectedCallbackTime(mTracker, now, scheduleTiming);
+    }
 
-        result = callback->schedule(scheduleTiming, mTracker, now);
-        if (!result.has_value()) {
-            return result;
-        }
+    const ScheduleResult result = callback->schedule(scheduleTiming, mTracker, now);
+    if (!result.has_value()) {
+        return {};
+    }
 
-        if (callback->wakeupTime() < mIntendedWakeupTime - mTimerSlack) {
-            rearmTimerSkippingUpdateFor(now, it);
-        }
+    if (callback->wakeupTime() < mIntendedWakeupTime - mTimerSlack) {
+        rearmTimerSkippingUpdateFor(now, it);
     }
 
     return result;
 }
 
+ScheduleResult VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::update(CallbackToken token, ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    const auto it = mCallbacks.find(token);
+    if (it == mCallbacks.end()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    auto& callback = it->second;
+    if (!callback->targetVsync().has_value()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    return scheduleLocked(token, scheduleTiming);
+}
+
 CancelResult VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::cancel(CallbackToken token) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
 
@@ -451,6 +467,13 @@
     return mDispatch.get().schedule(mToken, scheduleTiming);
 }
 
+ScheduleResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::update(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
+    if (!mValidToken) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return mDispatch.get().update(mToken, scheduleTiming);
+}
+
 CancelResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::cancel() {
     if (!mValidToken) {
         return CancelResult::Error;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h
index 4f2f87a..c3af136 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@
     CallbackToken registerCallback(Callback, std::string callbackName) final;
     void unregisterCallback(CallbackToken) final;
     ScheduleResult schedule(CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming) final;
+    ScheduleResult update(CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming) final;
     CancelResult cancel(CallbackToken) final;
     void dump(std::string&) const final;
 
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@
     void rearmTimerSkippingUpdateFor(nsecs_t now, CallbackMap::iterator const& skipUpdate)
             REQUIRES(mMutex);
     void cancelTimer() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    ScheduleResult scheduleLocked(CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     static constexpr nsecs_t kInvalidTime = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
     std::unique_ptr<TimeKeeper> const mTimeKeeper;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
index ed4d25e..02e12fd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 
 VSyncPredictor::VSyncPredictor(nsecs_t idealPeriod, size_t historySize,
                                size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction, uint32_t outlierTolerancePercent)
-      : mTraceOn(property_get_bool("debug.sf.vsp_trace", true)),
+      : mTraceOn(property_get_bool("debug.sf.vsp_trace", false)),
         kHistorySize(historySize),
         kMinimumSamplesForPrediction(minimumSamplesForPrediction),
         kOutlierTolerancePercent(std::min(outlierTolerancePercent, kMaxPercent)),
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+inline void VSyncPredictor::traceInt64(const char* name, int64_t value) const {
+    ATRACE_INT64(name, value);
+}
+
 inline size_t VSyncPredictor::next(size_t i) const {
     return (i + 1) % mTimestamps.size();
 }
@@ -124,6 +128,8 @@
         mTimestamps[mLastTimestampIndex] = timestamp;
     }
 
+    traceInt64If("VSP-ts", timestamp);
+
     const size_t numSamples = mTimestamps.size();
     if (numSamples < kMinimumSamplesForPrediction) {
         mRateMap[mIdealPeriod] = {mIdealPeriod, 0};
@@ -161,8 +167,6 @@
     nsecs_t meanOrdinal = 0;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < numSamples; i++) {
-        traceInt64If("VSP-ts", mTimestamps[i]);
-
         const auto timestamp = mTimestamps[i] - oldestTS;
         vsyncTS[i] = timestamp;
         meanTS += timestamp;
@@ -219,7 +223,7 @@
     auto const [slope, intercept] = getVSyncPredictionModelLocked();
 
     if (mTimestamps.empty()) {
-        traceInt64If("VSP-mode", 1);
+        traceInt64("VSP-mode", 1);
         auto const knownTimestamp = mKnownTimestamp ? *mKnownTimestamp : timePoint;
         auto const numPeriodsOut = ((timePoint - knownTimestamp) / mIdealPeriod) + 1;
         return knownTimestamp + numPeriodsOut * mIdealPeriod;
@@ -232,7 +236,7 @@
     auto const ordinalRequest = (timePoint - zeroPoint + slope) / slope;
     auto const prediction = (ordinalRequest * slope) + intercept + oldest;
 
-    traceInt64If("VSP-mode", 0);
+    traceInt64("VSP-mode", 0);
     traceInt64If("VSP-timePoint", timePoint);
     traceInt64If("VSP-prediction", prediction);
 
@@ -340,6 +344,7 @@
 
 void VSyncPredictor::setPeriod(nsecs_t period) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
+    traceInt64("VSP-setPeriod", period);
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     static constexpr size_t kSizeLimit = 30;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
index 4a3ba67..305cdb0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
     void clearTimestamps() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     inline void traceInt64If(const char* name, int64_t value) const;
+    inline void traceInt64(const char* name, int64_t value) const;
     bool const mTraceOn;
 
     size_t const kHistorySize;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
index e23945d..b5f212e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 }
 
 void VSyncReactor::startPeriodTransition(nsecs_t period) {
-    ATRACE_INT64("VSR-setPeriod", period);
+    ATRACE_INT64("VSR-startPeriodTransition", period);
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     mLastHwVsync.reset();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
index ff31651..6ae10f3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@
 
 VsyncConfiguration::VsyncConfiguration(Fps currentFps) : mRefreshRateFps(currentFps) {}
 
-PhaseOffsets::VsyncConfigSet VsyncConfiguration::getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps fps) const {
+VsyncConfigSet VsyncConfiguration::getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps fps) const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
     return getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(fps);
 }
 
-PhaseOffsets::VsyncConfigSet VsyncConfiguration::getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(Fps fps) const {
+VsyncConfigSet VsyncConfiguration::getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(Fps fps) const {
     if (const auto offsets = mOffsetsCache.get(fps)) {
         return offsets->get();
     }
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
         mThresholdForNextVsync(thresholdForNextVsync),
         mHwcMinWorkDuration(hwcMinWorkDuration) {}
 
-PhaseOffsets::VsyncConfigSet PhaseOffsets::constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
+VsyncConfigSet PhaseOffsets::constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
     if (vsyncDuration < std::chrono::nanoseconds(15ms).count()) {
         return getHighFpsOffsets(vsyncDuration);
     } else {
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 }
 } // namespace
 
-PhaseOffsets::VsyncConfigSet PhaseOffsets::getDefaultOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
+VsyncConfigSet PhaseOffsets::getDefaultOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
     const auto earlySfOffset =
             mEarlySfOffsetNs.value_or(mSfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs) < mThresholdForNextVsync
 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
     };
 }
 
-PhaseOffsets::VsyncConfigSet PhaseOffsets::getHighFpsOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
+VsyncConfigSet PhaseOffsets::getHighFpsOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
     const auto earlySfOffset =
             mHighFpsEarlySfOffsetNs.value_or(mHighFpsSfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs) < mThresholdForNextVsync
             ? mHighFpsEarlySfOffsetNs.value_or(mHighFpsSfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs)
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 }
 } // namespace
 
-WorkDuration::VsyncConfigSet WorkDuration::constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
+VsyncConfigSet WorkDuration::constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const {
     const auto sfDurationFixup = [vsyncDuration](nsecs_t duration) {
         return duration == -1 ? std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncDuration) - 1ms
                               : std::chrono::nanoseconds(duration);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
index 02ebd70..a24e43f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <ftl/small_map.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 #include <scheduler/Fps.h>
-
-#include "VsyncModulator.h"
+#include <scheduler/VsyncConfig.h>
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@
  */
 class VsyncConfiguration {
 public:
-    using VsyncConfigSet = VsyncModulator::VsyncConfigSet;
-
     virtual ~VsyncConfiguration() = default;
     virtual VsyncConfigSet getCurrentConfigs() const = 0;
     virtual VsyncConfigSet getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps fps) const = 0;
@@ -85,7 +83,7 @@
     void dump(std::string& result) const override;
 
 protected:
-    virtual VsyncConfiguration::VsyncConfigSet constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const = 0;
+    virtual VsyncConfigSet constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const = 0;
 
     VsyncConfigSet getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(Fps fps) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@
                  nsecs_t hwcMinWorkDuration);
 
 private:
-    VsyncConfiguration::VsyncConfigSet constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const override;
+    VsyncConfigSet constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const override;
 
     VsyncConfigSet getDefaultOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) const;
     VsyncConfigSet getHighFpsOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) const;
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@
                  nsecs_t hwcMinWorkDuration);
 
 private:
-    VsyncConfiguration::VsyncConfigSet constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const override;
+    VsyncConfigSet constructOffsets(nsecs_t vsyncDuration) const override;
 
     const nsecs_t mSfDuration;
     const nsecs_t mAppDuration;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp
index 138d8d6..c9af4c2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
         mNow(now),
         mTraceDetailedInfo(base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.vsync_trace_detailed_info", false)) {}
 
-VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::setVsyncConfigSet(const VsyncConfigSet& config) {
+VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::setVsyncConfigSet(const VsyncConfigSet& config) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     mVsyncConfigSet = config;
     return updateVsyncConfigLocked();
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
     return updateVsyncConfig();
 }
 
-VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::getVsyncConfig() const {
+VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::getVsyncConfig() const {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     return mVsyncConfig;
 }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig& VsyncModulator::getNextVsyncConfig() const {
+const VsyncConfig& VsyncModulator::getNextVsyncConfig() const {
     switch (getNextVsyncConfigType()) {
         case VsyncConfigType::Early:
             return mVsyncConfigSet.early;
@@ -158,12 +158,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::updateVsyncConfig() {
+VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::updateVsyncConfig() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     return updateVsyncConfigLocked();
 }
 
-VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::updateVsyncConfigLocked() {
+VsyncConfig VsyncModulator::updateVsyncConfigLocked() {
     const VsyncConfig& offsets = getNextVsyncConfig();
     mVsyncConfig = offsets;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
index 537cae1..dc4dafd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
@@ -25,19 +25,13 @@
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+#include <scheduler/TransactionSchedule.h>
+#include <scheduler/VsyncConfig.h>
+
 #include "../WpHash.h"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-// State machine controlled by transaction flags. VsyncModulator switches to early phase offsets
-// when a transaction is flagged EarlyStart or Early, lasting until an EarlyEnd transaction or a
-// fixed number of frames, respectively.
-enum class TransactionSchedule {
-    Late,  // Default.
-    EarlyStart,
-    EarlyEnd
-};
-
 // Modulates VSYNC phase depending on transaction schedule and refresh rate changes.
 class VsyncModulator : public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
 public:
@@ -51,39 +45,8 @@
     // This may keep early offsets for an extra frame, but avoids a race with transaction commit.
     static const std::chrono::nanoseconds MIN_EARLY_TRANSACTION_TIME;
 
-    // Phase offsets and work durations for SF and app deadlines from VSYNC.
-    struct VsyncConfig {
-        nsecs_t sfOffset;
-        nsecs_t appOffset;
-        std::chrono::nanoseconds sfWorkDuration;
-        std::chrono::nanoseconds appWorkDuration;
-
-        bool operator==(const VsyncConfig& other) const {
-            return sfOffset == other.sfOffset && appOffset == other.appOffset &&
-                    sfWorkDuration == other.sfWorkDuration &&
-                    appWorkDuration == other.appWorkDuration;
-        }
-
-        bool operator!=(const VsyncConfig& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
-    };
-
     using VsyncConfigOpt = std::optional<VsyncConfig>;
 
-    struct VsyncConfigSet {
-        VsyncConfig early;    // Used for early transactions, and during refresh rate change.
-        VsyncConfig earlyGpu; // Used during GPU composition.
-        VsyncConfig late;     // Default.
-        std::chrono::nanoseconds hwcMinWorkDuration; // Used for calculating the
-                                                     // earliest present time
-
-        bool operator==(const VsyncConfigSet& other) const {
-            return early == other.early && earlyGpu == other.earlyGpu && late == other.late &&
-                    hwcMinWorkDuration == other.hwcMinWorkDuration;
-        }
-
-        bool operator!=(const VsyncConfigSet& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
-    };
-
     using Clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
     using TimePoint = Clock::time_point;
     using Now = TimePoint (*)();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
index 8c17409..173b1d0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@
 #include <scheduler/Features.h>
 #include <scheduler/Time.h>
 
+namespace android {
+class EventThreadTest;
+}
+
+namespace android::fuzz {
+class SchedulerFuzzer;
+}
+
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 // TODO(b/185535769): Rename classes, and remove aliases.
@@ -54,6 +62,8 @@
 
 private:
     friend class TestableScheduler;
+    friend class android::EventThreadTest;
+    friend class android::fuzz::SchedulerFuzzer;
 
     using TrackerPtr = std::unique_ptr<VsyncTracker>;
     using DispatchPtr = std::unique_ptr<VsyncDispatch>;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
index 5522ff8..d6329e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
+#include <scheduler/Time.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
     constexpr float getValue() const { return mFrequency; }
     int getIntValue() const { return static_cast<int>(std::round(mFrequency)); }
 
+    constexpr Period getPeriod() const { return Period::fromNs(mPeriod); }
     constexpr nsecs_t getPeriodNsecs() const { return mPeriod; }
 
 private:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/TransactionSchedule.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/TransactionSchedule.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fc44dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/TransactionSchedule.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+// State machine controlled by transaction flags. VsyncModulator switches to early phase offsets
+// when a transaction is flagged EarlyStart or Early, lasting until an EarlyEnd transaction or a
+// fixed number of frames, respectively.
+enum class TransactionSchedule {
+    Late, // Default.
+    EarlyStart,
+    EarlyEnd
+};
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b1985f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+// Phase offsets and work durations for SF and app deadlines from VSYNC.
+struct VsyncConfig {
+    nsecs_t sfOffset;
+    nsecs_t appOffset;
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds sfWorkDuration;
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds appWorkDuration;
+
+    bool operator==(const VsyncConfig& other) const {
+        return sfOffset == other.sfOffset && appOffset == other.appOffset &&
+                sfWorkDuration == other.sfWorkDuration && appWorkDuration == other.appWorkDuration;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const VsyncConfig& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+};
+
+struct VsyncConfigSet {
+    VsyncConfig early;    // Used for early transactions, and during refresh rate change.
+    VsyncConfig earlyGpu; // Used during GPU composition.
+    VsyncConfig late;     // Default.
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds hwcMinWorkDuration; // Used for calculating the earliest present time.
+
+    bool operator==(const VsyncConfigSet& other) const {
+        return early == other.early && earlyGpu == other.earlyGpu && late == other.late &&
+                hwcMinWorkDuration == other.hwcMinWorkDuration;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const VsyncConfigSet& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+};
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index ba5c4d7..c7c980d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@
 #include "Scheduler/LayerHistory.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h"
+#include "Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h"
 #include "ScreenCaptureOutput.h"
 #include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
@@ -189,6 +190,7 @@
 using gui::LayerMetadata;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 using gui::aidl_utils::binderStatusFromStatusT;
+using scheduler::VsyncModulator;
 using ui::Dataspace;
 using ui::DisplayPrimaries;
 using ui::RenderIntent;
@@ -461,6 +463,8 @@
     mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner = property_get_bool("debug.sf.show_refresh_rate_overlay_spinner", 0);
     mRefreshRateOverlayRenderRate =
             property_get_bool("debug.sf.show_refresh_rate_overlay_render_rate", 0);
+    mRefreshRateOverlayShowInMiddle =
+            property_get_bool("debug.sf.show_refresh_rate_overlay_in_middle", 0);
 
     if (!mIsUserBuild && base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_transaction_tracing"s, true)) {
         mTransactionTracing.emplace();
@@ -1150,6 +1154,10 @@
     switch (display->setDesiredActiveMode(DisplayDevice::ActiveModeInfo(std::move(request)),
                                           force)) {
         case DisplayDevice::DesiredActiveModeAction::InitiateDisplayModeSwitch:
+            // Set the render rate as setDesiredActiveMode updated it.
+            mScheduler->setRenderRate(display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode().fps);
+
+            // Schedule a new frame to initiate the display mode switch.
             scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
 
             // Start receiving vsync samples now, so that we can detect a period
@@ -1157,7 +1165,7 @@
             mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, mode.modePtr->getFps());
             // As we called to set period, we will call to onRefreshRateChangeCompleted once
             // VsyncController model is locked.
-            modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onRefreshRateChangeInitiated);
+            mScheduler->modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onRefreshRateChangeInitiated);
 
             updatePhaseConfiguration(mode.fps);
             mScheduler->setModeChangePending(true);
@@ -1482,14 +1490,26 @@
         std::transform(combination.pixelFormats.cbegin(), combination.pixelFormats.cend(),
                        std::back_inserter(pixelFormats),
                        [](const auto& val) { return static_cast<int32_t>(val); });
-        std::vector<int32_t> dataspaces;
-        dataspaces.reserve(combination.dataspaces.size());
-        std::transform(combination.dataspaces.cbegin(), combination.dataspaces.cend(),
-                       std::back_inserter(dataspaces),
+        std::vector<int32_t> standards;
+        standards.reserve(combination.standards.size());
+        std::transform(combination.standards.cbegin(), combination.standards.cend(),
+                       std::back_inserter(standards),
+                       [](const auto& val) { return static_cast<int32_t>(val); });
+        std::vector<int32_t> transfers;
+        transfers.reserve(combination.transfers.size());
+        std::transform(combination.transfers.cbegin(), combination.transfers.cend(),
+                       std::back_inserter(transfers),
+                       [](const auto& val) { return static_cast<int32_t>(val); });
+        std::vector<int32_t> ranges;
+        ranges.reserve(combination.ranges.size());
+        std::transform(combination.ranges.cbegin(), combination.ranges.cend(),
+                       std::back_inserter(ranges),
                        [](const auto& val) { return static_cast<int32_t>(val); });
         gui::OverlayProperties::SupportedBufferCombinations outCombination;
         outCombination.pixelFormats = std::move(pixelFormats);
-        outCombination.dataspaces = std::move(dataspaces);
+        outCombination.standards = std::move(standards);
+        outCombination.transfers = std::move(transfers);
+        outCombination.ranges = std::move(ranges);
         outProperties->combinations.emplace_back(outCombination);
     }
     outProperties->supportMixedColorSpaces = aidlProperties.supportMixedColorSpaces;
@@ -1538,6 +1558,80 @@
     return future.get();
 }
 
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+        std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>* hdrConversionCapabilities) const {
+    bool hdrOutputConversionSupport;
+    getHdrOutputConversionSupport(&hdrOutputConversionSupport);
+    if (hdrOutputConversionSupport == false) {
+        ALOGE("hdrOutputConversion is not supported by this device.");
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    const auto aidlConversionCapability = getHwComposer().getHdrConversionCapabilities();
+    for (auto capability : aidlConversionCapability) {
+        gui::HdrConversionCapability tempCapability;
+        tempCapability.sourceType = static_cast<int>(capability.sourceType.hdr);
+        tempCapability.outputType = static_cast<int>(capability.outputType->hdr);
+        tempCapability.addsLatency = capability.addsLatency;
+        hdrConversionCapabilities->push_back(tempCapability);
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::setHdrConversionStrategy(
+        const gui::HdrConversionStrategy& hdrConversionStrategy) {
+    bool hdrOutputConversionSupport;
+    getHdrOutputConversionSupport(&hdrOutputConversionSupport);
+    if (hdrOutputConversionSupport == false) {
+        ALOGE("hdrOutputConversion is not supported by this device.");
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock) mutable -> status_t {
+        using AidlHdrConversionStrategy =
+                aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy;
+        using GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag = gui::HdrConversionStrategy::Tag;
+        AidlHdrConversionStrategy aidlConversionStrategy;
+        switch (hdrConversionStrategy.getTag()) {
+            case GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::passthrough: {
+                aidlConversionStrategy.set<AidlHdrConversionStrategy::Tag::passthrough>(
+                        hdrConversionStrategy.get<GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::passthrough>());
+                return getHwComposer().setHdrConversionStrategy(aidlConversionStrategy);
+            }
+            case GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::autoAllowedHdrTypes: {
+                auto autoHdrTypes =
+                        hdrConversionStrategy
+                                .get<GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::autoAllowedHdrTypes>();
+                std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr> aidlAutoHdrTypes;
+                for (auto type : autoHdrTypes) {
+                    aidlAutoHdrTypes.push_back(
+                            static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr>(type));
+                }
+                aidlConversionStrategy.set<AidlHdrConversionStrategy::Tag::autoAllowedHdrTypes>(
+                        aidlAutoHdrTypes);
+                return getHwComposer().setHdrConversionStrategy(aidlConversionStrategy);
+            }
+            case GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::forceHdrConversion: {
+                auto forceHdrConversion =
+                        hdrConversionStrategy
+                                .get<GuiHdrConversionStrategyTag::forceHdrConversion>();
+                aidlConversionStrategy.set<AidlHdrConversionStrategy::Tag::forceHdrConversion>(
+                        static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr>(
+                                forceHdrConversion));
+                return getHwComposer().setHdrConversionStrategy(aidlConversionStrategy);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    return future.get();
+}
+
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::getHdrOutputConversionSupport(bool* outSupport) const {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([this] {
+        return getHwComposer().hasCapability(Capability::HDR_OUTPUT_CONVERSION_CONFIG);
+    });
+
+    *outSupport = future.get();
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::setAutoLowLatencyMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, bool on) {
     const char* const whence = __func__;
     static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock) {
@@ -1757,17 +1851,6 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::hasVisibleHdrLayer(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display) {
-    bool hasHdrLayers = false;
-    mDrawingState.traverse([&,
-                            compositionDisplay = display->getCompositionDisplay()](Layer* layer) {
-        hasHdrLayers |= (layer->isVisible() &&
-                         compositionDisplay->includesLayer(layer->getCompositionEngineLayerFE()) &&
-                         isHdrDataspace(layer->getDataSpace()));
-    });
-    return hasHdrLayers;
-}
-
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setDisplayBrightness(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
                                               const gui::DisplayBrightness& brightness) {
     if (!displayToken) {
@@ -1958,7 +2041,7 @@
     bool periodFlushed = false;
     mScheduler->addResyncSample(timestamp, vsyncPeriod, &periodFlushed);
     if (periodFlushed) {
-        modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onRefreshRateChangeCompleted);
+        mScheduler->modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onRefreshRateChangeCompleted);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2036,7 +2119,7 @@
     const auto& schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule();
 
     const TimePoint vsyncDeadline = schedule.vsyncDeadlineAfter(frameTime);
-    if (mVsyncModulator->getVsyncConfig().sfOffset > 0) {
+    if (mScheduler->vsyncModulator().getVsyncConfig().sfOffset > 0) {
         return vsyncDeadline;
     }
 
@@ -2150,17 +2233,19 @@
     mPowerHintSessionEnabled = mPowerAdvisor->usePowerHintSession() && activeDisplay &&
             activeDisplay->getPowerMode() == hal::PowerMode::ON;
     if (mPowerHintSessionEnabled) {
-        const auto& display = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()).get();
-        const Period vsyncPeriod = Period::fromNs(display->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriodNsecs());
         mPowerAdvisor->setCommitStart(frameTime);
         mPowerAdvisor->setExpectedPresentTime(mExpectedPresentTime);
 
         // Frame delay is how long we should have minus how long we actually have.
-        const Duration idealSfWorkDuration = mVsyncModulator->getVsyncConfig().sfWorkDuration;
+        const Duration idealSfWorkDuration =
+                mScheduler->vsyncModulator().getVsyncConfig().sfWorkDuration;
         const Duration frameDelay = idealSfWorkDuration - (mExpectedPresentTime - frameTime);
 
         mPowerAdvisor->setFrameDelay(frameDelay);
         mPowerAdvisor->setTotalFrameTargetWorkDuration(idealSfWorkDuration);
+
+        const auto& display = FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock, getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()).get();
+        const Period vsyncPeriod = display->getActiveMode().fps.getPeriod();
         mPowerAdvisor->setTargetWorkDuration(vsyncPeriod);
 
         // Send early hint here to make sure there's not another frame pending
@@ -2185,9 +2270,17 @@
 
         bool needsTraversal = false;
         if (clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded)) {
+            // Locking:
+            // 1. to prevent onHandleDestroyed from being called while the state lock is held,
+            // we must keep a copy of the transactions (specifically the composer
+            // states) around outside the scope of the lock.
+            // 2. Transactions and created layers do not share a lock. To prevent applying
+            // transactions with layers still in the createdLayer queue, flush the transactions
+            // before committing the created layers.
+            std::vector<TransactionState> transactions = mTransactionHandler.flushTransactions();
             needsTraversal |= commitMirrorDisplays(vsyncId);
             needsTraversal |= commitCreatedLayers(vsyncId);
-            needsTraversal |= flushTransactionQueues(vsyncId);
+            needsTraversal |= applyTransactions(transactions, vsyncId);
         }
 
         const bool shouldCommit =
@@ -2363,7 +2456,7 @@
         scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 
-    postComposition();
+    postComposition(presentTime);
 
     const bool prevFrameHadClientComposition = mHadClientComposition;
 
@@ -2387,7 +2480,7 @@
 
     // TODO: b/160583065 Enable skip validation when SF caches all client composition layers
     const bool usedGpuComposition = mHadClientComposition || mReusedClientComposition;
-    modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onDisplayRefresh, usedGpuComposition);
+    mScheduler->modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onDisplayRefresh, usedGpuComposition);
 
     mLayersWithQueuedFrames.clear();
     if (mLayerTracingEnabled && mLayerTracing.flagIsSet(LayerTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION)) {
@@ -2477,7 +2570,7 @@
     return ui::ROTATION_0;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::postComposition() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::postComposition(nsecs_t callTime) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGV(__func__);
 
@@ -2562,7 +2655,8 @@
             int32_t maxArea = 0;
             mDrawingState.traverse([&, compositionDisplay = compositionDisplay](Layer* layer) {
                 const auto layerFe = layer->getCompositionEngineLayerFE();
-                if (layer->isVisible() && compositionDisplay->includesLayer(layerFe)) {
+                if (layer->isVisible() &&
+                    compositionDisplay->includesLayer(layer->getOutputFilter())) {
                     if (isHdrLayer(layer)) {
                         const auto* outputLayer =
                             compositionDisplay->getOutputLayerForLayer(layerFe);
@@ -2642,6 +2736,17 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (mNumTrustedPresentationListeners > 0) {
+        // We avoid any reverse traversal upwards so this shouldn't be too expensive
+        mDrawingState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) {
+            if (!layer->hasTrustedPresentationListener()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            layer->updateTrustedPresentationState(display, nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(callTime),
+                                                  false);
+        });
+    }
+
     // Even though ATRACE_INT64 already checks if tracing is enabled, it doesn't prevent the
     // side-effect of getTotalSize(), so we check that again here
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
@@ -2698,7 +2803,7 @@
     // so we can call commitTransactionsLocked unconditionally.
     // We clear the flags with mStateLock held to guarantee that
     // mCurrentState won't change until the transaction is committed.
-    modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onTransactionCommit);
+    mScheduler->modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onTransactionCommit);
     commitTransactionsLocked(clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionMask));
 
     mDebugInTransaction = 0;
@@ -2891,15 +2996,15 @@
 
         const auto enableFrameRateOverride = [&] {
             using Config = scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::Config;
-            if (!sysprop::enable_frame_rate_override(true)) {
+            if (!sysprop::enable_frame_rate_override(false)) {
                 return Config::FrameRateOverride::Disabled;
             }
 
-            if (sysprop::frame_rate_override_for_native_rates(false)) {
+            if (sysprop::frame_rate_override_for_native_rates(true)) {
                 return Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverrideNativeRefreshRates;
             }
 
-            if (!sysprop::frame_rate_override_global(true)) {
+            if (!sysprop::frame_rate_override_global(false)) {
                 return Config::FrameRateOverride::AppOverride;
             }
 
@@ -3499,19 +3604,18 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::initScheduler(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) {
+    using namespace scheduler;
+
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mScheduler);
 
     const auto activeMode = display->refreshRateSelector().getActiveMode();
     const Fps activeRefreshRate = activeMode.fps;
     mRefreshRateStats =
-            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mTimeStats, activeRefreshRate,
-                                                          hal::PowerMode::OFF);
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateStats>(*mTimeStats, activeRefreshRate, hal::PowerMode::OFF);
 
     mVsyncConfiguration = getFactory().createVsyncConfiguration(activeRefreshRate);
-    mVsyncModulator = sp<VsyncModulator>::make(mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
 
-    using Feature = scheduler::Feature;
-    scheduler::FeatureFlags features;
+    FeatureFlags features;
 
     if (sysprop::use_content_detection_for_refresh_rate(false)) {
         features |= Feature::kContentDetection;
@@ -3527,9 +3631,11 @@
         features |= Feature::kKernelIdleTimer;
     }
 
-    mScheduler = std::make_unique<scheduler::Scheduler>(static_cast<ICompositor&>(*this),
-                                                        static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(*this),
-                                                        features);
+    auto modulatorPtr = sp<VsyncModulator>::make(mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
+
+    mScheduler = std::make_unique<Scheduler>(static_cast<ICompositor&>(*this),
+                                             static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(*this), features,
+                                             std::move(modulatorPtr));
     mScheduler->createVsyncSchedule(features);
     mScheduler->registerDisplay(display->getPhysicalId(), display->holdRefreshRateSelector());
 
@@ -3537,15 +3643,17 @@
     mScheduler->startTimers();
 
     const auto configs = mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs();
-    const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = activeRefreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+
     mAppConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("app", mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
-                                         /*workDuration=*/configs.late.appWorkDuration,
-                                         /*readyDuration=*/configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
+            mScheduler->createEventThread(Scheduler::Cycle::Render,
+                                          mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
+                                          /* workDuration */ configs.late.appWorkDuration,
+                                          /* readyDuration */ configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
     mSfConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("appSf", mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
-                                         /*workDuration=*/std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncPeriod),
-                                         /*readyDuration=*/configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
+            mScheduler->createEventThread(Scheduler::Cycle::LastComposite,
+                                          mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
+                                          /* workDuration */ activeRefreshRate.getPeriod(),
+                                          /* readyDuration */ configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
 
     mScheduler->initVsync(mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule().getDispatch(),
                           *mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(), configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
@@ -3556,21 +3664,10 @@
     mFpsReporter = sp<FpsReporter>::make(*mFrameTimeline, *this);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::updatePhaseConfiguration(const Fps& refreshRate) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::updatePhaseConfiguration(Fps refreshRate) {
     mVsyncConfiguration->setRefreshRateFps(refreshRate);
-    setVsyncConfig(mVsyncModulator->setVsyncConfigSet(mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs()),
-                   refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs());
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::setVsyncConfig(const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig& config,
-                                    nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) {
-    mScheduler->setDuration(mAppConnectionHandle,
-                            /*workDuration=*/config.appWorkDuration,
-                            /*readyDuration=*/config.sfWorkDuration);
-    mScheduler->setDuration(mSfConnectionHandle,
-                            /*workDuration=*/std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncPeriod),
-                            /*readyDuration=*/config.sfWorkDuration);
-    mScheduler->setDuration(config.sfWorkDuration);
+    mScheduler->setVsyncConfigSet(mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs(),
+                                  refreshRate.getPeriod());
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::doCommitTransactions() {
@@ -3769,10 +3866,14 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask, TransactionSchedule schedule,
                                          const sp<IBinder>& applyToken, FrameHint frameHint) {
-    modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::setTransactionSchedule, schedule, applyToken);
+    mScheduler->modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::setTransactionSchedule, schedule, applyToken);
 
     if (const bool scheduled = mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(mask) & mask; !scheduled) {
         scheduleCommit(frameHint);
+    } else if (frameHint == FrameHint::kActive) {
+        // Even if the next frame is already scheduled, we should reset the idle timer
+        // as a new activity just happened.
+        mScheduler->resetIdleTimer();
     }
 }
 
@@ -3882,19 +3983,20 @@
             std::bind(&SurfaceFlinger::transactionReadyBufferCheck, this, std::placeholders::_1));
 }
 
+// For tests only
 bool SurfaceFlinger::flushTransactionQueues(VsyncId vsyncId) {
-    // to prevent onHandleDestroyed from being called while the lock is held,
-    // we must keep a copy of the transactions (specifically the composer
-    // states) around outside the scope of the lock
     std::vector<TransactionState> transactions = mTransactionHandler.flushTransactions();
-    {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
-        return applyTransactions(transactions, vsyncId);
-    }
+    return applyTransactions(transactions, vsyncId);
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions,
                                        VsyncId vsyncId) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
+    return applyTransactionsLocked(transactions, vsyncId);
+}
+
+bool SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactionsLocked(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions,
+                                             VsyncId vsyncId) {
     bool needsTraversal = false;
     // Now apply all transactions.
     for (auto& transaction : transactions) {
@@ -3903,7 +4005,7 @@
                                       transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
                                       transaction.inputWindowCommands,
                                       transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                      transaction.buffer, transaction.postTime,
+                                      std::move(transaction.uncacheBufferIds), transaction.postTime,
                                       transaction.permissions, transaction.hasListenerCallbacks,
                                       transaction.listenerCallbacks, transaction.originPid,
                                       transaction.originUid, transaction.id);
@@ -3929,7 +4031,7 @@
     const auto predictedPresentTime = TimePoint::fromNs(prediction->presentTime);
 
     // The duration for which SF can delay a frame if it is considered early based on the
-    // VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig::appWorkDuration.
+    // VsyncConfig::appWorkDuration.
     if (constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold = 100ms;
         std::chrono::abs(predictedPresentTime - expectedPresentTime) >= kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold) {
         return false;
@@ -3970,7 +4072,7 @@
         // We don't want to latch unsignaled if are in early / client composition
         // as it leads to jank due to RenderEngine waiting for unsignaled buffer
         // or window animations being slow.
-        const auto isDefaultVsyncConfig = mVsyncModulator->isVsyncConfigDefault();
+        const auto isDefaultVsyncConfig = mScheduler->vsyncModulator().isVsyncConfigDefault();
         if (!isDefaultVsyncConfig) {
             ALOGV("%s: false (LatchUnsignaledConfig::AutoSingleLayer; !isDefaultVsyncConfig)",
                   __func__);
@@ -3991,8 +4093,9 @@
         const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, Vector<ComposerState>& states,
         const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
         const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-        bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-        const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks, uint64_t transactionId) {
+        bool isAutoTimestamp, const std::vector<client_cache_t>& uncacheBuffers,
+        bool hasListenerCallbacks, const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
+        uint64_t transactionId) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     uint32_t permissions =
@@ -4026,6 +4129,15 @@
     const int originPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
     const int originUid = ipc->getCallingUid();
 
+    std::vector<uint64_t> uncacheBufferIds;
+    uncacheBufferIds.reserve(uncacheBuffers.size());
+    for (const auto& uncacheBuffer : uncacheBuffers) {
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().erase(uncacheBuffer);
+        if (buffer != nullptr) {
+            uncacheBufferIds.push_back(buffer->getId());
+        }
+    }
+
     std::vector<ResolvedComposerState> resolvedStates;
     resolvedStates.reserve(states.size());
     for (auto& state : states) {
@@ -4043,14 +4155,22 @@
         }
     }
 
-    TransactionState state{frameTimelineInfo,  resolvedStates,
-                           displays,           flags,
-                           applyToken,         inputWindowCommands,
-                           desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                           uncacheBuffer,      postTime,
-                           permissions,        hasListenerCallbacks,
-                           listenerCallbacks,  originPid,
-                           originUid,          transactionId};
+    TransactionState state{frameTimelineInfo,
+                           resolvedStates,
+                           displays,
+                           flags,
+                           applyToken,
+                           inputWindowCommands,
+                           desiredPresentTime,
+                           isAutoTimestamp,
+                           std::move(uncacheBufferIds),
+                           postTime,
+                           permissions,
+                           hasListenerCallbacks,
+                           listenerCallbacks,
+                           originPid,
+                           originUid,
+                           transactionId};
 
     if (mTransactionTracing) {
         mTransactionTracing->addQueuedTransaction(state);
@@ -4074,7 +4194,7 @@
                                            Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
                                            const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                                            const int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                                           const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer,
+                                           const std::vector<uint64_t>& uncacheBufferIds,
                                            const int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
                                            bool hasListenerCallbacks,
                                            const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
@@ -4115,11 +4235,8 @@
         ALOGE("Only privileged callers are allowed to send input commands.");
     }
 
-    if (uncacheBuffer.isValid()) {
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().erase(uncacheBuffer);
-        if (buffer != nullptr) {
-            mBufferIdsToUncache.push_back(buffer->getId());
-        }
+    for (uint64_t uncacheBufferId : uncacheBufferIds) {
+        mBufferIdsToUncache.push_back(uncacheBufferId);
     }
 
     // If a synchronous transaction is explicitly requested without any changes, force a transaction
@@ -4517,6 +4634,11 @@
         layer->setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(frameTimelineInfo, postTime);
     }
 
+    if (what & layer_state_t::eTrustedPresentationInfoChanged) {
+        layer->setTrustedPresentationInfo(s.trustedPresentationThresholds,
+                                          s.trustedPresentationListener);
+    }
+
     if (layer->setTransactionCompletedListeners(callbackHandles)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     // Do not put anything that updates layer state or modifies flags after
     // setTransactionCompletedListener
@@ -6995,7 +7117,8 @@
         if (display.snapshot().connectionType() == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal) {
             if (const auto device = getDisplayDeviceLocked(id)) {
                 device->enableRefreshRateOverlay(enable, mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner,
-                                                 mRefreshRateOverlayRenderRate);
+                                                 mRefreshRateOverlayRenderRate,
+                                                 mRefreshRateOverlayShowInMiddle);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -7157,7 +7280,8 @@
                                    layerName, static_cast<uint32_t>(mMaxRenderTargetSize));
         ALOGD("%s", errorMessage.c_str());
         if (bufferData.releaseBufferListener) {
-            bufferData.releaseBufferListener->onTransactionQueueStalled(errorMessage);
+            bufferData.releaseBufferListener->onTransactionQueueStalled(
+                    String8(errorMessage.c_str()));
         }
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -7175,7 +7299,7 @@
 
             if (bufferData.releaseBufferListener) {
                 bufferData.releaseBufferListener->onTransactionQueueStalled(
-                        "Buffer processing hung due to full buffer cache");
+                        String8("Buffer processing hung due to full buffer cache"));
             }
         }
 
@@ -7581,6 +7705,32 @@
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
 }
 
+binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+        std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>* hdrConversionCapabilities) {
+    status_t status = checkAccessPermission();
+    if (status == OK) {
+        status = mFlinger->getHdrConversionCapabilities(hdrConversionCapabilities);
+    }
+    return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
+}
+
+binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::setHdrConversionStrategy(
+        const gui::HdrConversionStrategy& hdrConversionStrategy) {
+    status_t status = checkAccessPermission();
+    if (status == OK) {
+        status = mFlinger->setHdrConversionStrategy(hdrConversionStrategy);
+    }
+    return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
+}
+
+binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::getHdrOutputConversionSupport(bool* outMode) {
+    status_t status = checkAccessPermission();
+    if (status == OK) {
+        status = mFlinger->getHdrOutputConversionSupport(outMode);
+    }
+    return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
+}
+
 binder::Status SurfaceComposerAIDL::setAutoLowLatencyMode(const sp<IBinder>& display, bool on) {
     status_t status = checkAccessPermission();
     if (status != OK) {
@@ -8014,6 +8164,10 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::forceFutureUpdate(int delayInMs) {
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->scheduleDelayed([&]() { scheduleRepaint(); }, ms2ns(delayInMs)));
+}
+
 } // namespace android
 
 #if defined(__gl_h_)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 37aa3d5..9601f2e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <android/gui/DisplayStatInfo.h>
 #include <android/gui/DisplayState.h>
 #include <android/gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
-#include <android/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <cutils/atomic.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 #include <ftl/future.h>
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@
 #include <gui/CompositorTiming.h>
 #include <gui/FrameTimestamps.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
+#include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <gui/LayerDebugInfo.h>
-
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
 #include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
 #include <math/mat4.h>
@@ -57,6 +56,7 @@
 #include <scheduler/Fps.h>
 #include <scheduler/PresentLatencyTracker.h>
 #include <scheduler/Time.h>
+#include <scheduler/TransactionSchedule.h>
 #include <ui/FenceResult.h>
 
 #include "Display/DisplayMap.h"
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
-#include "Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerFactory.h"
 #include "ThreadContext.h"
 #include "Tracing/LayerTracing.h"
@@ -127,9 +126,7 @@
 using gui::CaptureArgs;
 using gui::DisplayCaptureArgs;
 using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
-using gui::ITransactionCompletedListener;
 using gui::LayerCaptureArgs;
-
 using gui::ScreenCaptureResults;
 
 namespace frametimeline {
@@ -316,6 +313,8 @@
     // TODO(b/246793311): Clean up a temporary property
     bool mIgnoreHwcPhysicalDisplayOrientation = false;
 
+    void forceFutureUpdate(int delayInMs);
+
 protected:
     // We're reference counted, never destroy SurfaceFlinger directly
     virtual ~SurfaceFlinger();
@@ -353,7 +352,6 @@
     friend class TransactionApplicationTest;
     friend class TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest;
 
-    using VsyncModulator = scheduler::VsyncModulator;
     using TransactionSchedule = scheduler::TransactionSchedule;
     using TraverseLayersFunction = std::function<void(const LayerVector::Visitor&)>;
     using RenderAreaFuture = ftl::Future<std::unique_ptr<RenderArea>>;
@@ -471,14 +469,6 @@
         return std::bind(dump, this, _1, _2, _3);
     }
 
-    template <typename... Args,
-              typename Handler = VsyncModulator::VsyncConfigOpt (VsyncModulator::*)(Args...)>
-    void modulateVsync(Handler handler, Args... args) {
-        if (const auto config = (*mVsyncModulator.*handler)(args...)) {
-            setVsyncConfig(*config, mScheduler->getLeaderVsyncPeriod());
-        }
-    }
-
     // Maximum allowed number of display frames that can be set through backdoor
     static const int MAX_ALLOWED_DISPLAY_FRAMES = 2048;
 
@@ -504,7 +494,8 @@
                                  uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
                                  const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                                  int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                                 const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
+                                 const std::vector<client_cache_t>& uncacheBuffers,
+                                 bool hasListenerCallbacks,
                                  const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
                                  uint64_t transactionId) override;
     void bootFinished();
@@ -534,6 +525,10 @@
     status_t setBootDisplayMode(const sp<display::DisplayToken>&, DisplayModeId);
     status_t getOverlaySupport(gui::OverlayProperties* outProperties) const;
     status_t clearBootDisplayMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken);
+    status_t getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+            std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>* hdrConversionCapaabilities) const;
+    status_t setHdrConversionStrategy(const gui::HdrConversionStrategy& hdrConversionStrategy);
+    status_t getHdrOutputConversionSupport(bool* outSupport) const;
     void setAutoLowLatencyMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, bool on);
     void setGameContentType(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, bool on);
     void setPowerMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, int mode);
@@ -653,6 +648,8 @@
     bool mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner = false;
     // Show render rate with refresh rate overlay
     bool mRefreshRateOverlayRenderRate = false;
+    // Show render rate overlay offseted to the middle of the screen (e.g. for circular displays)
+    bool mRefreshRateOverlayShowInMiddle = false;
 
     void setDesiredActiveMode(display::DisplayModeRequest&&, bool force = false)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
@@ -670,9 +667,6 @@
     void setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, hal::PowerMode mode)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
 
-    // Returns true if the display has a visible HDR layer in its layer stack.
-    bool hasVisibleHdrLayer(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     // Returns the preferred mode for PhysicalDisplayId if the Scheduler has selected one for that
     // display. Falls back to the display's defaultModeId otherwise.
     ftl::Optional<scheduler::FrameRateMode> getPreferredDisplayMode(
@@ -707,25 +701,25 @@
     void updateCursorAsync();
 
     void initScheduler(const sp<const DisplayDevice>&) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext, mStateLock);
-    void updatePhaseConfiguration(const Fps&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-    void setVsyncConfig(const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig&, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod);
-
+    void updatePhaseConfiguration(Fps) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     /*
      * Transactions
      */
-    bool applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
-                               std::vector<ResolvedComposerState>& state,
-                               Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
-                               const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
-                               const int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                               const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, const int64_t postTime,
-                               uint32_t permissions, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-                               const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
-                               int originPid, int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
-            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    bool applyTransactionState(
+            const FrameTimelineInfo& info, std::vector<ResolvedComposerState>& state,
+            Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
+            const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, const int64_t desiredPresentTime,
+            bool isAutoTimestamp, const std::vector<uint64_t>& uncacheBufferIds,
+            const int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
+            const std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks, int originPid, int originUid,
+            uint64_t transactionId) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // Flush pending transactions that were presented after desiredPresentTime.
+    // For test only
     bool flushTransactionQueues(VsyncId) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+
+    bool applyTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>&, VsyncId) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+
     // Returns true if there is at least one transaction that needs to be flushed
     bool transactionFlushNeeded();
     void addTransactionReadyFilters();
@@ -756,7 +750,7 @@
     static LatchUnsignaledConfig getLatchUnsignaledConfig();
     bool shouldLatchUnsignaled(const sp<Layer>& layer, const layer_state_t&, size_t numStates,
                                bool firstTransaction) const;
-    bool applyTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions, VsyncId)
+    bool applyTransactionsLocked(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions, VsyncId)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     uint32_t setDisplayStateLocked(const DisplayState& s) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     uint32_t addInputWindowCommands(const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands)
@@ -923,7 +917,7 @@
     /*
      * Compositing
      */
-    void postComposition() REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void postComposition(nsecs_t callTime) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     /*
      * Display management
@@ -1271,6 +1265,8 @@
     float mDimmingRatio = -1.f;
 
     std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine> mRenderEngine;
+    std::atomic<int> mNumTrustedPresentationListeners = 0;
+
     std::unique_ptr<compositionengine::CompositionEngine> mCompositionEngine;
     // mMaxRenderTargetSize is only set once in init() so it doesn't need to be protected by
     // any mutex.
@@ -1288,9 +1284,6 @@
     // Stores phase offsets configured per refresh rate.
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> mVsyncConfiguration;
 
-    // Optional to defer construction until PhaseConfiguration is created.
-    sp<VsyncModulator> mVsyncModulator;
-
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
     scheduler::PresentLatencyTracker mPresentLatencyTracker GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext);
 
@@ -1432,6 +1425,11 @@
     binder::Status clearBootDisplayMode(const sp<IBinder>& display) override;
     binder::Status getBootDisplayModeSupport(bool* outMode) override;
     binder::Status getOverlaySupport(gui::OverlayProperties* outProperties) override;
+    binder::Status getHdrConversionCapabilities(
+            std::vector<gui::HdrConversionCapability>*) override;
+    binder::Status setHdrConversionStrategy(
+            const gui::HdrConversionStrategy& hdrConversionStrategy) override;
+    binder::Status getHdrOutputConversionSupport(bool* outSupport) override;
     binder::Status setAutoLowLatencyMode(const sp<IBinder>& display, bool on) override;
     binder::Status setGameContentType(const sp<IBinder>& display, bool on) override;
     binder::Status captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs&,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
index c09bcce..61ff9bc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
@@ -26,27 +26,14 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
-#include <android/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
-
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
-#include <gui/ListenerStats.h>
-#include <gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h>
-#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
+#include <ftl/future.h>
+#include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <ui/FenceResult.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
-using gui::CallbackId;
-using gui::FrameEventHistoryStats;
-using gui::IListenerHash;
-using gui::ITransactionCompletedListener;
-using gui::JankData;
-using gui::ListenerCallbacks;
-using gui::ListenerStats;
-using gui::ReleaseCallbackId;
-using gui::TransactionStats;
-
 class CallbackHandle : public RefBase {
 public:
     CallbackHandle(const sp<IBinder>& transactionListener, const std::vector<CallbackId>& ids,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
index 380301f..5025c49 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
                      const Vector<DisplayState>& displayStates, uint32_t transactionFlags,
                      const sp<IBinder>& applyToken, const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                      int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                     const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
+                     std::vector<uint64_t> uncacheBufferIds, int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
                      bool hasListenerCallbacks, std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks,
                      int originPid, int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
           : frameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo),
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
             inputWindowCommands(inputWindowCommands),
             desiredPresentTime(desiredPresentTime),
             isAutoTimestamp(isAutoTimestamp),
-            buffer(uncacheBuffer),
+            uncacheBufferIds(std::move(uncacheBufferIds)),
             postTime(postTime),
             permissions(permissions),
             hasListenerCallbacks(hasListenerCallbacks),
@@ -91,7 +91,9 @@
         if (!displays.empty()) return true;
 
         for (const auto& state : states) {
-            if (state.state.frameRateCompatibility != ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE) {
+            const bool frameRateChanged = state.state.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged;
+            if (!frameRateChanged ||
+                state.state.frameRateCompatibility != ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@
     InputWindowCommands inputWindowCommands;
     int64_t desiredPresentTime;
     bool isAutoTimestamp;
-    client_cache_t buffer;
+    std::vector<uint64_t> uncacheBufferIds;
     int64_t postTime;
     uint32_t permissions;
     bool hasListenerCallbacks;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
index 81ca659..cdffbb4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h
@@ -157,6 +157,10 @@
     return TimePoint::fromNs(fdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>());
 }
 
+inline Duration getFuzzedDuration(FuzzedDataProvider& fdp) {
+    return Duration::fromNs(fdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>());
+}
+
 inline FloatRect getFuzzedFloatRect(FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) {
     return FloatRect(fdp->ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>() /*left*/,
                      fdp->ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>() /*right*/,
@@ -196,9 +200,11 @@
     static constexpr nsecs_t FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS = 0;
     static constexpr auto FAKE_DURATION_OFFSET_NS = std::chrono::nanoseconds(0);
 
-    VsyncConfigSet getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps) const override { return getCurrentConfigs(); }
+    scheduler::VsyncConfigSet getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps) const override {
+        return getCurrentConfigs();
+    }
 
-    VsyncConfigSet getCurrentConfigs() const override {
+    scheduler::VsyncConfigSet getCurrentConfigs() const override {
         return {{FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_DURATION_OFFSET_NS,
                  FAKE_DURATION_OFFSET_NS},
                 {FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_PHASE_OFFSET_NS, FAKE_DURATION_OFFSET_NS,
@@ -218,16 +224,16 @@
 class TestableScheduler : public Scheduler, private ICompositor {
 public:
     TestableScheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateSelector>& selectorPtr,
-                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+                      sp<VsyncModulator> modulatorPtr, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : TestableScheduler(std::make_unique<android::mock::VsyncController>(),
                               std::make_unique<android::mock::VSyncTracker>(), selectorPtr,
-                              callback) {}
+                              std::move(modulatorPtr), callback) {}
 
     TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<VsyncController> controller,
                       std::unique_ptr<VSyncTracker> tracker,
                       std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateSelector> selectorPtr,
-                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
-          : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection) {
+                      sp<VsyncModulator> modulatorPtr, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+          : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection, std::move(modulatorPtr)) {
         mVsyncSchedule.emplace(VsyncSchedule(std::move(tracker), nullptr, std::move(controller)));
 
         const auto displayId = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
@@ -275,6 +281,8 @@
         return Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(handle, mode);
     }
 
+    using Scheduler::setVsyncConfig;
+
 private:
     // ICompositor overrides:
     void configure() override {}
@@ -510,11 +518,6 @@
         mFlinger->getDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(display, &_);
     }
 
-    void setVsyncConfig(FuzzedDataProvider *fdp) {
-        const scheduler::VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig vsyncConfig{};
-        mFlinger->setVsyncConfig(vsyncConfig, fdp->ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>());
-    }
-
     // TODO(b/248317436): extend to cover all displays for multi-display devices
     static std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> getFirstDisplayId() {
         std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> ids = SurfaceComposerClient::getPhysicalDisplayIds();
@@ -592,14 +595,18 @@
         mFlinger->updateInputFlinger();
         mFlinger->updateCursorAsync();
 
-        setVsyncConfig(&mFdp);
+        mutableScheduler().setVsyncConfig({.sfOffset = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(),
+                                           .appOffset = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>(),
+                                           .sfWorkDuration = getFuzzedDuration(mFdp),
+                                           .appWorkDuration = getFuzzedDuration(mFdp)},
+                                          getFuzzedDuration(mFdp));
 
         {
             ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
             mFlinger->commitTransactions();
             mFlinger->flushTransactionQueues(getFuzzedVsyncId(mFdp));
-            mFlinger->postComposition();
+            mFlinger->postComposition(systemTime());
         }
 
         mFlinger->setTransactionFlags(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>());
@@ -658,15 +665,17 @@
         mRefreshRateSelector = std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateSelector>(modes, kModeId60);
         const auto fps = mRefreshRateSelector->getActiveMode().modePtr->getFps();
         mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration = mFactory.createVsyncConfiguration(fps);
-        mFlinger->mVsyncModulator = sp<scheduler::VsyncModulator>::make(
-                mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
+
         mFlinger->mRefreshRateStats =
                 std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger->mTimeStats, fps,
                                                               hal::PowerMode::OFF);
 
+        auto modulatorPtr = sp<scheduler::VsyncModulator>::make(
+                mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
+
         mScheduler = new scheduler::TestableScheduler(std::move(vsyncController),
                                                       std::move(vsyncTracker), mRefreshRateSelector,
-                                                      *(callback ?: this));
+                                                      std::move(modulatorPtr), *(callback ?: this));
 
         mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(appEventThread));
         mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(sfEventThread));
@@ -730,17 +739,18 @@
         return mFlinger->mTransactionHandler.mPendingTransactionQueues;
     }
 
-    auto setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo &frameTimelineInfo,
-                             Vector<ComposerState> &states, const Vector<DisplayState> &displays,
-                             uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder> &applyToken,
-                             const InputWindowCommands &inputWindowCommands,
+    auto setTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+                             Vector<ComposerState>& states, const Vector<DisplayState>& displays,
+                             uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
+                             const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                              int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                             const client_cache_t &uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-                             std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> &listenerCallbacks,
+                             const std::vector<client_cache_t>& uncacheBuffers,
+                             bool hasListenerCallbacks,
+                             std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
                              uint64_t transactionId) {
         return mFlinger->setTransactionState(frameTimelineInfo, states, displays, flags, applyToken,
                                              inputWindowCommands, desiredPresentTime,
-                                             isAutoTimestamp, uncacheBuffer, hasListenerCallbacks,
+                                             isAutoTimestamp, uncacheBuffers, hasListenerCallbacks,
                                              listenerCallbacks, transactionId);
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
index 7959e52..44805db 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -21,13 +21,15 @@
 
 #include <scheduler/PresentLatencyTracker.h>
 
-#include "Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h"
 #include "Scheduler/OneShotTimer.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VSyncReactor.h"
 
+#include "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h"
+#include "mock/MockVSyncTracker.h"
+
 #include "surfaceflinger_fuzzers_utils.h"
 #include "surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h"
 
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@
     component->dump(res);
 }
 
-class SchedulerFuzzer : private VSyncSource::Callback {
+class SchedulerFuzzer {
 public:
     SchedulerFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size){};
     void process();
@@ -66,7 +68,6 @@
     void fuzzVSyncPredictor();
     void fuzzVSyncReactor();
     void fuzzLayerHistory();
-    void fuzzDispSyncSource();
     void fuzzCallbackToken(scheduler::VSyncDispatchTimerQueue* dispatch);
     void fuzzVSyncDispatchTimerQueue();
     void fuzzOneShotTimer();
@@ -75,8 +76,7 @@
 
     FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
 
-protected:
-    void onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t /* when */, VSyncSource::VSyncData) {}
+    std::optional<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> mVsyncSchedule;
 };
 
 PhysicalDisplayId SchedulerFuzzer::getPhysicalDisplayId() {
@@ -90,10 +90,14 @@
 }
 
 void SchedulerFuzzer::fuzzEventThread() {
+    mVsyncSchedule.emplace(scheduler::VsyncSchedule(std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
+                                                    std::make_unique<mock::VSyncDispatch>(),
+                                                    nullptr));
     const auto getVsyncPeriod = [](uid_t /* uid */) { return kSyncPeriod.count(); };
     std::unique_ptr<android::impl::EventThread> thread = std::make_unique<
-            android::impl::EventThread>(std::move(std::make_unique<FuzzImplVSyncSource>()), nullptr,
-                                        nullptr, getVsyncPeriod);
+            android::impl::EventThread>("fuzzer", *mVsyncSchedule, nullptr, nullptr, getVsyncPeriod,
+                                        (std::chrono::nanoseconds)mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>(),
+                                        (std::chrono::nanoseconds)mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>());
 
     thread->onHotplugReceived(getPhysicalDisplayId(), mFdp.ConsumeBool());
     sp<EventThreadConnection> connection =
@@ -110,24 +114,6 @@
     dump<android::impl::EventThread>(thread.get(), &mFdp);
 }
 
-void SchedulerFuzzer::fuzzDispSyncSource() {
-    std::unique_ptr<FuzzImplVSyncDispatch> vSyncDispatch =
-            std::make_unique<FuzzImplVSyncDispatch>();
-    std::unique_ptr<FuzzImplVSyncTracker> vSyncTracker = std::make_unique<FuzzImplVSyncTracker>();
-    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::DispSyncSource> dispSyncSource = std::make_unique<
-            scheduler::DispSyncSource>(*vSyncDispatch, *vSyncTracker,
-                                       (std::chrono::nanoseconds)
-                                               mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>() /*workDuration*/,
-                                       (std::chrono::nanoseconds)mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>()
-                                       /*readyDuration*/,
-                                       mFdp.ConsumeBool(),
-                                       mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kRandomStringLength).c_str());
-    dispSyncSource->setVSyncEnabled(true);
-    dispSyncSource->setCallback(this);
-    dispSyncSource->setDuration((std::chrono::nanoseconds)mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>(), 0ns);
-    dump<scheduler::DispSyncSource>(dispSyncSource.get(), &mFdp);
-}
-
 void SchedulerFuzzer::fuzzCallbackToken(scheduler::VSyncDispatchTimerQueue* dispatch) {
     scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken tmp = dispatch->registerCallback(
             [&](auto, auto, auto) {
@@ -294,17 +280,14 @@
     };
     using Schedule = scheduler::TransactionSchedule;
     using nanos = std::chrono::nanoseconds;
-    using VsyncModulator = scheduler::VsyncModulator;
     using FuzzImplVsyncModulator = scheduler::FuzzImplVsyncModulator;
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig early{SF_OFFSET_EARLY, APP_OFFSET_EARLY,
-                                            nanos(SF_DURATION_LATE), nanos(APP_DURATION_LATE)};
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig earlyGpu{SF_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU, APP_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU,
-                                               nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY), nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY)};
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig late{SF_OFFSET_LATE, APP_OFFSET_LATE,
-                                           nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY_GPU),
-                                           nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY_GPU)};
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfigSet offsets = {early, earlyGpu, late,
-                                                    nanos(HWC_MIN_WORK_DURATION)};
+    const scheduler::VsyncConfig early{SF_OFFSET_EARLY, APP_OFFSET_EARLY, nanos(SF_DURATION_LATE),
+                                       nanos(APP_DURATION_LATE)};
+    const scheduler::VsyncConfig earlyGpu{SF_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU, APP_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU,
+                                          nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY), nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY)};
+    const scheduler::VsyncConfig late{SF_OFFSET_LATE, APP_OFFSET_LATE, nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY_GPU),
+                                      nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY_GPU)};
+    const scheduler::VsyncConfigSet offsets = {early, earlyGpu, late, nanos(HWC_MIN_WORK_DURATION)};
     sp<FuzzImplVsyncModulator> vSyncModulator =
             sp<FuzzImplVsyncModulator>::make(offsets, scheduler::Now);
     (void)vSyncModulator->setVsyncConfigSet(offsets);
@@ -417,7 +400,6 @@
     fuzzVSyncPredictor();
     fuzzVSyncReactor();
     fuzzLayerHistory();
-    fuzzDispSyncSource();
     fuzzEventThread();
     fuzzVSyncDispatchTimerQueue();
     fuzzOneShotTimer();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
index 2bc5b46..713b710 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
@@ -78,22 +78,6 @@
     sp<Layer> createClone() override { return nullptr; }
 };
 
-class FuzzImplVSyncSource : public VSyncSource {
-public:
-    const char* getName() const override { return "fuzz"; }
-
-    void setVSyncEnabled(bool /* enable */) override {}
-
-    void setCallback(Callback* /* callback */) override {}
-
-    void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds /* workDuration */,
-                     std::chrono::nanoseconds /* readyDuration */) override {}
-
-    VSyncData getLatestVSyncData() const override { return {}; }
-
-    void dump(std::string& /* result */) const override {}
-};
-
 class FuzzImplVSyncTracker : public scheduler::VSyncTracker {
 public:
     FuzzImplVSyncTracker(nsecs_t period) { mPeriod = period; }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
index bd6367d..de47330 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
         "LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp",
         "LayerState_test.cpp",
         "LayerTransaction_test.cpp",
+        "LayerTrustedPresentationListener_test.cpp",
         "LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp",
         "LayerTypeTransaction_test.cpp",
         "LayerUpdate_test.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTrustedPresentationListener_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTrustedPresentationListener_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a843fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTrustedPresentationListener_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+
+#include <gui/BufferItemConsumer.h>
+#include <ui/Transform.h>
+#include <thread>
+#include "TransactionTestHarnesses.h"
+
+namespace android {
+struct PresentationCallbackHelper {
+    void callbackArrived(bool state) {
+        std::unique_lock l(mMutex);
+        mGotCallback = true;
+        mState = state;
+        mCondition.notify_all();
+    }
+    bool awaitCallback() {
+        std::unique_lock l(mMutex);
+        mGotCallback = false;
+        mCondition.wait_for(l, 5000ms);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mGotCallback);
+        return mState;
+    }
+
+    bool mState;
+    bool mGotCallback;
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mCondition;
+};
+
+TrustedPresentationThresholds thresh() {
+    TrustedPresentationThresholds thresholds;
+    thresholds.minAlpha = 1.0;
+    thresholds.minFractionRendered = 1.0;
+    thresholds.stabilityRequirementMs = 100;
+    return thresholds;
+}
+
+class LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest : public LayerTransactionTest {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        LayerTransactionTest::SetUp();
+        mainLayer = makeLayer();
+        thresholds = thresh();
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        LayerTransactionTest::TearDown();
+        mCallback = nullptr;
+        t.reparent(mainLayer, nullptr).apply();
+        mainLayer = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void thresholdsPrepared() {
+        t.show(mainLayer)
+                .setLayer(mainLayer, INT32_MAX)
+                .setTrustedPresentationCallback(
+                        mainLayer,
+                        [&](void* context, bool state) {
+                            PresentationCallbackHelper* helper =
+                                    (PresentationCallbackHelper*)context;
+                            helper->callbackArrived(state);
+                        },
+                        thresholds, &pch, mCallback)
+                .setPosition(mainLayer, 100, 100)
+                .apply();
+    }
+
+    sp<SurfaceControl> makeLayer() {
+        sp<SurfaceControl> layer =
+                createLayer("test", 100, 100, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState,
+                            mBlackBgSurface.get());
+        fillBufferLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 100, 100);
+        return layer;
+    }
+    sp<SurfaceControl> mainLayer;
+    PresentationCallbackHelper pch;
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    TrustedPresentationThresholds thresholds;
+    sp<SurfaceComposerClient::PresentationCallbackRAII> mCallback;
+};
+
+// The layer is fully presented with the default test setup.
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, callback_arrives) {
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+// A hidden layer can't be considered presented!
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, hiding_layer_clears_state) {
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.hide(mainLayer).apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+// A fully obscured layer can't be considered presented!
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, obscuring_clears_state) {
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+
+    auto otherLayer = makeLayer();
+    t.show(otherLayer)
+            .setPosition(otherLayer, 100, 100)
+            .setLayer(otherLayer, INT32_MAX)
+            .setLayer(mainLayer, INT32_MAX - 1)
+            .apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+// Even if the layer obscuring us has an Alpha channel, we are still considered
+// obscured.
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, obscuring_with_transparency_clears_state) {
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+
+    auto otherLayer = makeLayer();
+    t.show(otherLayer)
+            .setPosition(otherLayer, 100, 100)
+            .setLayer(otherLayer, INT32_MAX)
+            .setFlags(otherLayer, 0, layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque)
+            .setLayer(mainLayer, INT32_MAX - 1)
+            .apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+// We can't be presented if our alpha is below the threshold.
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, alpha_below_threshold) {
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setAlpha(mainLayer, 0.9).apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setAlpha(mainLayer, 1.0).apply();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+// Verify that the passed in threshold is actually respected!
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, alpha_below_other_threshold) {
+    thresholds.minAlpha = 0.8;
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setAlpha(mainLayer, 0.8).apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setAlpha(mainLayer, 0.9).apply();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+// (86*86)/(100*100) = 0.73...so a crop of 86x86 is below the threshold
+// (87*87)/(100*100) = 0.76...so a crop of 87x87 is above the threshold!
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, crop_below_threshold) {
+    thresholds.minFractionRendered = 0.75;
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setCrop(mainLayer, Rect(0, 0, 86, 86)).apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setCrop(mainLayer, Rect(0, 0, 87, 87)).apply();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, scale_below_threshold) {
+    thresholds.minFractionRendered = 0.64;
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    // 0.8 = sqrt(0.64)
+    t.setMatrix(mainLayer, 0.79, 0, 0, 0.79).apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setMatrix(mainLayer, 0.81, 0, 0, 0.81).apply();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, obscuring_with_threshold_1) {
+    thresholds.minFractionRendered = 0.75;
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+
+    auto otherLayer = makeLayer();
+    t.show(otherLayer)
+            .setPosition(otherLayer, 100, 100)
+            .setLayer(otherLayer, INT32_MAX)
+            .setLayer(mainLayer, INT32_MAX - 1)
+            .apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setMatrix(otherLayer, 0.49, 0, 0, 0.49).apply();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setMatrix(otherLayer, 0.51, 0, 0, 0.51).apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, obscuring_with_threshold_2) {
+    thresholds.minFractionRendered = 0.9;
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+
+    auto otherLayer = makeLayer();
+    t.show(otherLayer)
+            .setPosition(otherLayer, 100, 100)
+            .setLayer(otherLayer, INT32_MAX)
+            .setLayer(mainLayer, INT32_MAX - 1)
+            .apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setMatrix(otherLayer, 0.3, 0, 0, 0.3).apply();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setMatrix(otherLayer, 0.33, 0, 0, 0.33).apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerTrustedPresentationListenerTest, obscuring_with_alpha) {
+    thresholds.minFractionRendered = 0.9;
+    thresholdsPrepared();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+
+    auto otherLayer = makeLayer();
+    t.show(otherLayer)
+            .setPosition(otherLayer, 100, 100)
+            .setLayer(otherLayer, INT32_MAX)
+            .setLayer(mainLayer, INT32_MAX - 1)
+            .setAlpha(otherLayer, 0.01)
+            .apply();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pch.awaitCallback());
+    t.setAlpha(otherLayer, 0.0).apply();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pch.awaitCallback());
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 6d1b3fe..87c3c65 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
         "mock/MockNativeWindowSurface.cpp",
         "mock/MockTimeStats.cpp",
         "mock/MockVsyncController.cpp",
+        "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.cpp",
         "mock/MockVSyncTracker.cpp",
         "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.cpp",
     ],
@@ -71,7 +72,6 @@
         "libsurfaceflinger_unittest_main.cpp",
         "AidlPowerHalWrapperTest.cpp",
         "CompositionTest.cpp",
-        "DispSyncSourceTest.cpp",
         "DisplayIdGeneratorTest.cpp",
         "DisplayTransactionTest.cpp",
         "DisplayDevice_GetBestColorModeTest.cpp",
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
         "LayerMetadataTest.cpp",
         "LayerHierarchyTest.cpp",
         "LayerLifecycleManagerTest.cpp",
+        "LayerSnapshotTest.cpp",
         "LayerTest.cpp",
         "LayerTestUtils.cpp",
         "MessageQueueTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 67ace1a..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DispSyncSourceTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#undef LOG_TAG
-#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
-#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include "AsyncCallRecorder.h"
-#include "Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h"
-#include "Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h"
-#include "mock/MockVSyncTracker.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace {
-
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-using namespace testing;
-
-class MockVSyncDispatch : public scheduler::VSyncDispatch {
-public:
-    MOCK_METHOD(CallbackToken, registerCallback, (Callback, std::string), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, unregisterCallback, (CallbackToken), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(scheduler::ScheduleResult, schedule, (CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(scheduler::CancelResult, cancel, (CallbackToken), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, dump, (std::string&), (const, override));
-
-    MockVSyncDispatch() {
-        ON_CALL(*this, registerCallback)
-                .WillByDefault(
-                        [this](std::function<void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t)> const& callback,
-                               std::string) {
-                            CallbackToken token(mNextToken);
-                            mNextToken++;
-
-                            mCallbacks.emplace(token, CallbackData(callback));
-                            ALOGD("registerCallback: %zu", token.value());
-                            return token;
-                        });
-
-        ON_CALL(*this, unregisterCallback).WillByDefault([this](CallbackToken token) {
-            ALOGD("unregisterCallback: %zu", token.value());
-            mCallbacks.erase(token);
-        });
-
-        ON_CALL(*this, schedule).WillByDefault([this](CallbackToken token, ScheduleTiming timing) {
-            ALOGD("schedule: %zu", token.value());
-            if (mCallbacks.count(token) == 0) {
-                ALOGD("schedule: callback %zu not registered", token.value());
-                return scheduler::ScheduleResult{};
-            }
-
-            auto& callback = mCallbacks.at(token);
-            callback.scheduled = true;
-            callback.vsyncTime = timing.earliestVsync;
-            callback.targetWakeupTime =
-                    timing.earliestVsync - timing.workDuration - timing.readyDuration;
-            ALOGD("schedule: callback %zu scheduled", token.value());
-            return scheduler::ScheduleResult{callback.targetWakeupTime};
-        });
-
-        ON_CALL(*this, cancel).WillByDefault([this](CallbackToken token) {
-            ALOGD("cancel: %zu", token.value());
-            if (mCallbacks.count(token) == 0) {
-                ALOGD("cancel: callback %zu is not registered", token.value());
-                return scheduler::CancelResult::Error;
-            }
-
-            auto& callback = mCallbacks.at(token);
-            callback.scheduled = false;
-            ALOGD("cancel: callback %zu cancelled", token.value());
-            return scheduler::CancelResult::Cancelled;
-        });
-    }
-
-    void triggerCallbacks() {
-        ALOGD("triggerCallbacks");
-        for (auto& [token, callback] : mCallbacks) {
-            if (callback.scheduled) {
-                ALOGD("triggerCallbacks: callback %zu", token.value());
-                callback.scheduled = false;
-                callback.func(callback.vsyncTime, callback.targetWakeupTime, callback.readyTime);
-            } else {
-                ALOGD("triggerCallbacks: callback %zu is not scheduled", token.value());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-private:
-    struct CallbackData {
-        explicit CallbackData(std::function<void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t)> func)
-              : func(std::move(func)) {}
-
-        std::function<void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t)> func;
-        bool scheduled = false;
-        nsecs_t vsyncTime = 0;
-        nsecs_t targetWakeupTime = 0;
-        nsecs_t readyTime = 0;
-    };
-
-    std::unordered_map<CallbackToken, CallbackData> mCallbacks;
-    size_t mNextToken;
-};
-
-class DispSyncSourceTest : public testing::Test, private VSyncSource::Callback {
-protected:
-    DispSyncSourceTest();
-    ~DispSyncSourceTest() override;
-
-    void SetUp() override;
-    void createDispSyncSource();
-
-    void onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t when, VSyncSource::VSyncData) override;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<MockVSyncDispatch> mVSyncDispatch;
-    std::unique_ptr<mock::VSyncTracker> mVSyncTracker;
-    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::DispSyncSource> mDispSyncSource;
-
-    AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(nsecs_t, VSyncSource::VSyncData)> mVSyncEventCallRecorder;
-
-    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds mWorkDuration = 20ms;
-    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds mReadyDuration = 10ms;
-    static constexpr int mIterations = 100;
-    const scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mFakeToken{2398};
-    const std::string mName = "DispSyncSourceTest";
-};
-
-DispSyncSourceTest::DispSyncSourceTest() {
-    const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
-            ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
-    ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
-}
-
-DispSyncSourceTest::~DispSyncSourceTest() {
-    const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
-            ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
-    ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
-}
-
-void DispSyncSourceTest::SetUp() {
-    mVSyncDispatch = std::make_unique<MockVSyncDispatch>();
-    mVSyncTracker = std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>();
-}
-
-void DispSyncSourceTest::onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t when, VSyncSource::VSyncData vsyncData) {
-    ALOGD("onVSyncEvent: %" PRId64, when);
-
-    mVSyncEventCallRecorder.recordCall(when, vsyncData);
-}
-
-void DispSyncSourceTest::createDispSyncSource() {
-    mDispSyncSource = std::make_unique<scheduler::DispSyncSource>(*mVSyncDispatch, *mVSyncTracker,
-                                                                  mWorkDuration, mReadyDuration,
-                                                                  true, mName.c_str());
-    mDispSyncSource->setCallback(this);
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Test cases
- */
-
-TEST_F(DispSyncSourceTest, createDispSync) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncDispatch);
-}
-
-TEST_F(DispSyncSourceTest, createDispSyncSource) {
-    InSequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mName)).WillOnce(Return(mFakeToken));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, cancel(mFakeToken))
-            .WillOnce(Return(scheduler::CancelResult::Cancelled));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mFakeToken)).WillOnce(Return());
-    createDispSyncSource();
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDispSyncSource);
-}
-
-TEST_F(DispSyncSourceTest, noCallbackAfterInit) {
-    InSequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mName)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, cancel(_)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(_)).Times(1);
-    createDispSyncSource();
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDispSyncSource);
-
-    // DispSyncSource starts with Vsync disabled
-    mVSyncDispatch->triggerCallbacks();
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncEventCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
-}
-
-TEST_F(DispSyncSourceTest, waitForCallbacks) {
-    InSequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mName)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch,
-                schedule(_, Truly([&](auto timings) {
-                             return timings.workDuration == mWorkDuration.count() &&
-                                     timings.readyDuration == mReadyDuration.count();
-                         })))
-            .Times(mIterations + 1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, cancel(_)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(_)).Times(1);
-    createDispSyncSource();
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDispSyncSource);
-
-    mDispSyncSource->setVSyncEnabled(true);
-    for (int i = 0; i < mIterations; i++) {
-        mVSyncDispatch->triggerCallbacks();
-        const auto callbackData = mVSyncEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(callbackData.has_value());
-        const auto [when, vsyncData] = callbackData.value();
-        EXPECT_EQ(when,
-                  vsyncData.expectedPresentationTime - mWorkDuration.count() -
-                          mReadyDuration.count());
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(DispSyncSourceTest, waitForCallbacksWithDurationChange) {
-    InSequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mName)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch,
-                schedule(_, Truly([&](auto timings) {
-                             return timings.workDuration == mWorkDuration.count() &&
-                                     timings.readyDuration == mReadyDuration.count();
-                         })))
-            .Times(1);
-
-    createDispSyncSource();
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDispSyncSource);
-
-    mDispSyncSource->setVSyncEnabled(true);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch,
-                schedule(_, Truly([&](auto timings) {
-                             return timings.workDuration == mWorkDuration.count() &&
-                                     timings.readyDuration == mReadyDuration.count();
-                         })))
-            .Times(mIterations);
-    for (int i = 0; i < mIterations; i++) {
-        mVSyncDispatch->triggerCallbacks();
-        const auto callbackData = mVSyncEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(callbackData.has_value());
-        const auto [when, vsyncData] = callbackData.value();
-        EXPECT_EQ(when,
-                  vsyncData.expectedPresentationTime - mWorkDuration.count() -
-                          mReadyDuration.count());
-    }
-
-    const auto newDuration = mWorkDuration / 2;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(_, Truly([&](auto timings) {
-                                              return timings.workDuration == newDuration.count() &&
-                                                      timings.readyDuration == 0;
-                                          })))
-            .Times(1);
-    mDispSyncSource->setDuration(newDuration, 0ns);
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, schedule(_, Truly([&](auto timings) {
-                                              return timings.workDuration == newDuration.count() &&
-                                                      timings.readyDuration == 0;
-                                          })))
-            .Times(mIterations);
-    for (int i = 0; i < mIterations; i++) {
-        mVSyncDispatch->triggerCallbacks();
-        const auto callbackData = mVSyncEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(callbackData.has_value());
-        const auto [when, vsyncData] = callbackData.value();
-        EXPECT_EQ(when, vsyncData.expectedPresentationTime - newDuration.count());
-    }
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, cancel(_)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(_)).Times(1);
-}
-
-TEST_F(DispSyncSourceTest, getLatestVsyncData) {
-    const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
-    const nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime =
-            now + mWorkDuration.count() + mReadyDuration.count() + 1;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
-            .WillOnce(Return(expectedPresentationTime));
-    {
-        InSequence seq;
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mName)).Times(1);
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, cancel(_)).Times(1);
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(_)).Times(1);
-    }
-
-    createDispSyncSource();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDispSyncSource);
-
-    const auto vsyncData = mDispSyncSource->getLatestVSyncData();
-    ASSERT_EQ(vsyncData.expectedPresentationTime, expectedPresentationTime);
-    EXPECT_EQ(vsyncData.deadlineTimestamp, expectedPresentationTime - mReadyDuration.count());
-}
-
-} // namespace
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetDisplayBrightnessTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetDisplayBrightnessTest.cpp
index 225ad16..ac5e927 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetDisplayBrightnessTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetDisplayBrightnessTest.cpp
@@ -96,5 +96,23 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(std::nullopt, displayDevice->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().displayBrightness);
 }
 
+TEST_F(SetDisplayBrightnessTest, firstDisplayBrightnessWithComposite) {
+    ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+    sp<DisplayDevice> displayDevice = getDisplayDevice();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::nullopt, displayDevice->getStagedBrightness());
+
+    constexpr float kDisplayBrightness = -1.0f;
+    displayDevice->stageBrightness(kDisplayBrightness);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1.0f, displayDevice->getStagedBrightness());
+
+    displayDevice->persistBrightness(true);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::nullopt, displayDevice->getStagedBrightness());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kDisplayBrightness,
+              displayDevice->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().displayBrightness);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index dd87f9d..b3aba37 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -30,12 +30,16 @@
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
+#include "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h"
+#include "mock/MockVSyncTracker.h"
+#include "mock/MockVsyncController.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace std::placeholders;
 
 using testing::_;
 using testing::Invoke;
+using testing::Return;
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -50,24 +54,13 @@
 
 constexpr std::chrono::duration VSYNC_PERIOD(16ms);
 
-class MockVSyncSource : public VSyncSource {
-public:
-    const char* getName() const override { return "test"; }
-
-    MOCK_METHOD1(setVSyncEnabled, void(bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(setCallback, void(VSyncSource::Callback*));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setDuration,
-                 void(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
-                      std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(pauseVsyncCallback, void(bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD(VSyncSource::VSyncData, getLatestVSyncData, (), (const, override));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
-};
-
 } // namespace
 
 class EventThreadTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
+    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kWorkDuration = 0ms;
+    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kReadyDuration = 3ms;
+
     class MockEventThreadConnection : public EventThreadConnection {
     public:
         MockEventThreadConnection(impl::EventThread* eventThread, uid_t callingUid,
@@ -84,21 +77,21 @@
     EventThreadTest();
     ~EventThreadTest() override;
 
-    void createThread(std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource>);
+    void createThread();
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> createConnection(ConnectionEventRecorder& recorder,
                                                    EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {},
                                                    uid_t ownerUid = mConnectionUid);
 
-    void expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(bool expectedState);
+    void expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(bool expectState);
     void expectVSyncSetDurationCallReceived(std::chrono::nanoseconds expectedDuration,
                                             std::chrono::nanoseconds expectedReadyDuration);
-    VSyncSource::Callback* expectVSyncSetCallbackCallReceived();
     void expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(const char* name,
                                               ConnectionEventRecorder& connectionEventRecorder,
                                               nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
     void expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
-    void expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp,
-                                               VSyncSource::VSyncData preferredVsyncData);
+    void expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(
+            nsecs_t expectedTimestamp,
+            /*VSyncSource::VSyncData*/ gui::VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline preferredVsyncData);
     void expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                 bool expectedConnected);
     void expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
@@ -108,17 +101,31 @@
     void expectUidFrameRateMappingEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                             std::vector<FrameRateOverride>);
 
-    AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(bool)> mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder;
-    AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(VSyncSource::Callback*)> mVSyncSetCallbackCallRecorder;
-    AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(std::chrono::nanoseconds, std::chrono::nanoseconds)>
-            mVSyncSetDurationCallRecorder;
+    void onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime,
+                      nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp) {
+        mThread->onVsync(expectedPresentationTime, timestamp, deadlineTimestamp);
+    }
+
+    AsyncCallRecorderWithCannedReturn<
+            scheduler::ScheduleResult (*)(scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken,
+                                          scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming)>
+            mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder{0};
+    AsyncCallRecorderWithCannedReturn<
+            scheduler::ScheduleResult (*)(scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken,
+                                          scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming)>
+            mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder{0};
+    AsyncCallRecorderWithCannedReturn<
+            scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken (*)(scheduler::VSyncDispatch::Callback,
+                                                        std::string)>
+            mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder{scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken(0)};
+    AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken)>
+            mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder;
     AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)()> mResyncCallRecorder;
     AsyncCallRecorder<void (*)(nsecs_t, uid_t)> mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder;
     ConnectionEventRecorder mConnectionEventCallRecorder{0};
     ConnectionEventRecorder mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder{0};
 
-    MockVSyncSource* mVSyncSource;
-    VSyncSource::Callback* mCallback = nullptr;
+    std::optional<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> mVsyncSchedule;
     std::unique_ptr<impl::EventThread> mThread;
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mConnection;
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mThrottledConnection;
@@ -133,19 +140,22 @@
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
-    auto vsyncSource = std::make_unique<MockVSyncSource>();
-    mVSyncSource = vsyncSource.get();
+    mVsyncSchedule.emplace(scheduler::VsyncSchedule(std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
+                                                    std::make_unique<mock::VSyncDispatch>(),
+                                                    nullptr));
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncSource, setVSyncEnabled(_))
-            .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.getInvocable()));
+    mock::VSyncDispatch& mockDispatch =
+            *static_cast<mock::VSyncDispatch*>(&mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch());
+    EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, registerCallback(_, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.getInvocable()));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, schedule(_, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder.getInvocable()));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, update(_, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder.getInvocable()));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, unregisterCallback(_))
+            .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.getInvocable()));
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncSource, setCallback(_))
-            .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncSetCallbackCallRecorder.getInvocable()));
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncSource, setDuration(_, _))
-            .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncSetDurationCallRecorder.getInvocable()));
-
-    createThread(std::move(vsyncSource));
+    createThread();
     mConnection =
             createConnection(mConnectionEventCallRecorder,
                              gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged |
@@ -164,11 +174,12 @@
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
+    mThread.reset();
     // EventThread should unregister itself as VSyncSource callback.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!mVSyncSetCallbackCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 }
 
-void EventThreadTest::createThread(std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> source) {
+void EventThreadTest::createThread() {
     const auto throttleVsync = [&](nsecs_t expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid_t uid) {
         mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.getInvocable()(expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid);
         return (uid == mThrottledConnectionUid);
@@ -178,12 +189,13 @@
     };
 
     mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
-    mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(std::move(source), mTokenManager.get(),
-                                                  throttleVsync, getVsyncPeriod);
+    mThread =
+            std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(/*std::move(source), */ "EventThreadTest",
+                                                *mVsyncSchedule, mTokenManager.get(), throttleVsync,
+                                                getVsyncPeriod, kWorkDuration, kReadyDuration);
 
     // EventThread should register itself as VSyncSource callback.
-    mCallback = expectVSyncSetCallbackCallReceived();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mCallback);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 }
 
 sp<EventThreadTest::MockEventThreadConnection> EventThreadTest::createConnection(
@@ -197,23 +209,20 @@
     return connection;
 }
 
-void EventThreadTest::expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(bool expectedState) {
-    auto args = mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.waitForCall();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(expectedState, std::get<0>(args.value()));
+void EventThreadTest::expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(bool expectState) {
+    if (expectState) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
+    }
 }
 
 void EventThreadTest::expectVSyncSetDurationCallReceived(
         std::chrono::nanoseconds expectedDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds expectedReadyDuration) {
-    auto args = mVSyncSetDurationCallRecorder.waitForCall();
+    auto args = mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder.waitForCall();
     ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(expectedDuration, std::get<0>(args.value()));
-    EXPECT_EQ(expectedReadyDuration, std::get<1>(args.value()));
-}
-
-VSyncSource::Callback* EventThreadTest::expectVSyncSetCallbackCallReceived() {
-    auto callbackSet = mVSyncSetCallbackCallRecorder.waitForCall();
-    return callbackSet.has_value() ? std::get<0>(callbackSet.value()) : nullptr;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expectedDuration.count(), std::get<1>(args.value()).workDuration);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expectedReadyDuration.count(), std::get<1>(args.value()).readyDuration);
 }
 
 void EventThreadTest::expectThrottleVsyncReceived(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, uid_t uid) {
@@ -246,7 +255,7 @@
 }
 
 void EventThreadTest::expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(
-        nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, VSyncSource::VSyncData preferredVsyncData) {
+        nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline preferredVsyncData) {
     auto args = mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
     ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value()) << " did not receive an event for timestamp "
                                   << expectedTimestamp;
@@ -335,9 +344,10 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, canCreateAndDestroyThreadWithNoEventsSent) {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetCallbackCallRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetDurationCallRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mResyncCallRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
 }
@@ -350,7 +360,7 @@
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should not enable vsync callbacks.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncPostsASingleVSyncEventToTheConnection) {
@@ -360,47 +370,51 @@
     // EventThread should immediately request a resync.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mResyncCallRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 
-    // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    // EventThread should enable schedule a vsync callback
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // Use the received callback to signal a first vsync event.
     // The throttler should receive the event, as well as the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(456, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(123, 1u);
 
+    // EventThread is requesting one more callback due to VsyncRequest::SingleSuppressCallback
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
+
     // Use the received callback to signal a second vsync event.
     // The throttler should receive the event, but the connection should
     // not as it was only interested in the first.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(456, {123, 0});
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 
     // EventThread should also detect that at this point that it does not need
     // any more vsync events, and should disable their generation.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(false);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect) {
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
 
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // Use the received callback to signal a vsync event.
     // The throttler should receive the event, as well as the connection.
-    VSyncSource::VSyncData vsyncData = {456, 789};
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, vsyncData);
-    expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(123, vsyncData);
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
+    expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(123, {-1, 789, 456});
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, getLatestVsyncEventData) {
     const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
-    const nsecs_t preferredDeadline = now + 10000000;
     const nsecs_t preferredExpectedPresentationTime = now + 20000000;
-    const VSyncSource::VSyncData preferredData = {preferredExpectedPresentationTime,
-                                                  preferredDeadline};
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncSource, getLatestVSyncData()).WillOnce(Return(preferredData));
+    const nsecs_t preferredDeadline = preferredExpectedPresentationTime - kReadyDuration.count();
+
+    mock::VSyncTracker& mockTracker =
+            *static_cast<mock::VSyncTracker*>(&mVsyncSchedule->getTracker());
+    EXPECT_CALL(mockTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_))
+            .WillOnce(Return(preferredExpectedPresentationTime));
 
     VsyncEventData vsyncEventData = mThread->getLatestVsyncEventData(mConnection);
 
@@ -451,8 +465,7 @@
     mThread->setVsyncRate(0, firstConnection);
 
     // By itself, this should not enable vsync events
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetCallbackCallRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(false);
 
     // However if there is another connection which wants events at a nonzero rate.....
     ConnectionEventRecorder secondConnectionEventRecorder{0};
@@ -461,12 +474,12 @@
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, secondConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // Send a vsync event. EventThread should then make a call to the
     // the second connection. The first connection should not
     // get the event.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 0});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 0456, 0);
     EXPECT_FALSE(firstConnectionEventRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection("secondConnection", secondConnectionEventRecorder, 123,
                                          1u);
@@ -476,21 +489,21 @@
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // Send a vsync event. EventThread should then make a call to the
     // throttler, and the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(456, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(123, 1u);
 
     // A second event should go to the same places.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(456, {123, 0});
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(123, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(456, 2u);
 
     // A third event should go to the same places.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(789, {777, 111});
+    onVSyncEvent(789, 777, 111);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(777, mConnectionUid);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(789, 3u);
 }
@@ -499,25 +512,25 @@
     mThread->setVsyncRate(2, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // The first event will not be seen by the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 
     // The second event will be seen by the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(456, {123, 0});
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(456, 2u);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 
     // The third event will not be seen by the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(789, {777, 744});
+    onVSyncEvent(789, 777, 744);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 
     // The fourth event will be seen by the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(101112, {7847, 86});
+    onVSyncEvent(101112, 7847, 86);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(101112, 4u);
 }
 
@@ -525,17 +538,17 @@
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // Destroy the only (strong) reference to the connection.
     mConnection = nullptr;
 
     // The first event will not be seen by the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 56, 789);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 
     // EventThread should disable vsync callbacks
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(false);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, connectionsRemovedIfEventDeliveryError) {
@@ -544,18 +557,22 @@
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, errorConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // The first event will be seen by the connection, which then returns an error.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection("errorConnection", errorConnectionEventRecorder, 123, 1u);
 
+    // Another schedule is expected, since the connection is removed only after
+    // the next vsync is requested.
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
+
     // A subsequent event will not be seen by the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(456, {123, 0});
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
     EXPECT_FALSE(errorConnectionEventRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 
     // EventThread should disable vsync callbacks with the second event
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(false);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, tracksEventConnections) {
@@ -571,10 +588,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(4, mThread->getEventThreadConnectionCount());
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // The first event will be seen by the connection, which then returns an error.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection("errorConnection", errorConnectionEventRecorder, 123, 1u);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection("successConnection", secondConnectionEventRecorder, 123,
                                          1u);
@@ -587,19 +604,22 @@
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, errorConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // The first event will be seen by the connection, which then returns a non-fatal error.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection("errorConnection", errorConnectionEventRecorder, 123, 1u);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // A subsequent event will be seen by the connection, which still then returns a non-fatal
     // error.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(456, {123, 0});
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
     expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection("errorConnection", errorConnectionEventRecorder, 456, 2u);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // EventThread will not disable vsync callbacks as the errors are non-fatal.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setPhaseOffsetForwardsToVSyncSource) {
@@ -718,24 +738,27 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mResyncCallRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
-    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // Use the received callback to signal a first vsync event.
     // The throttler should receive the event, but not the connection.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, {456, 789});
+    onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(456, mThrottledConnectionUid);
     mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall();
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // Use the received callback to signal a second vsync event.
     // The throttler should receive the event, but the connection should
     // not as it was only interested in the first.
-    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(456, {123, 0});
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
     expectThrottleVsyncReceived(123, mThrottledConnectionUid);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 
     // EventThread should not change the vsync state as it didn't send the event
     // yet
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncSetEnabledCallRecorder.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
+    onVSyncEvent(456, 123, 0);
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
index 8f89a8c..afbc57a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/HWComposerTest.cpp
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@
                             }),
                             Return(hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::Error::NONE)));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getOverlaySupport(_)).WillOnce(Return(HalError::NONE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getHdrConversionCapabilities(_)).WillOnce(Return(HalError::NONE));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, registerCallback(_));
 
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::Error::UNSUPPORTED));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getOverlaySupport(_)).WillOnce(Return(HalError::UNSUPPORTED));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, getHdrConversionCapabilities(_)).WillOnce(Return(HalError::UNSUPPORTED));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mHal, registerCallback(_));
 
     mHwc.setCallback(mCallback);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
index 8560902..783df28 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h"
 #include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
+#include "LayerHierarchyTest.h"
 #include "gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h"
 
 #define UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(HIERARCHY)  \
@@ -31,16 +32,6 @@
 
 namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
 
-namespace {
-LayerCreationArgs createArgs(uint32_t id, bool canBeRoot, wp<IBinder> parent, wp<IBinder> mirror) {
-    LayerCreationArgs args(nullptr, nullptr, "testlayer", 0, {}, std::make_optional(id));
-    args.addToRoot = canBeRoot;
-    args.parentHandle = parent;
-    args.mirrorLayerHandle = mirror;
-    return args;
-}
-} // namespace
-
 // To run test:
 /**
  mp :libsurfaceflinger_unittest && adb sync; adb shell \
@@ -50,163 +41,9 @@
     --gtest_brief=1
 */
 
-class LayerHierarchyTest : public testing::Test {
+class LayerHierarchyTest : public LayerHierarchyTestBase {
 protected:
-    LayerHierarchyTest() {
-        // tree with 3 levels of children
-        // ROOT
-        // ├── 1
-        // │   ├── 11
-        // │   │   └── 111
-        // │   ├── 12
-        // │   │   ├── 121
-        // │   │   └── 122
-        // │   │       └── 1221
-        // │   └── 13
-        // └── 2
-
-        createRootLayer(1);
-        createRootLayer(2);
-        createLayer(11, 1);
-        createLayer(12, 1);
-        createLayer(13, 1);
-        createLayer(111, 11);
-        createLayer(121, 12);
-        createLayer(122, 12);
-        createLayer(1221, 122);
-        mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-    }
-    std::vector<uint32_t> getTraversalPath(const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy) const {
-        std::vector<uint32_t> layerIds;
-        hierarchy.traverse([&layerIds = layerIds](const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy,
-                                                  const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath&) -> bool {
-            layerIds.emplace_back(hierarchy.getLayer()->id);
-            return true;
-        });
-        return layerIds;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<uint32_t> getTraversalPathInZOrder(const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy) const {
-        std::vector<uint32_t> layerIds;
-        hierarchy.traverseInZOrder(
-                [&layerIds = layerIds](const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy,
-                                       const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath&) -> bool {
-                    layerIds.emplace_back(hierarchy.getLayer()->id);
-                    return true;
-                });
-        return layerIds;
-    }
-
-    void createRootLayer(uint32_t id) {
-        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        mHandles[id] = handle;
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
-        layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
-                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/true, /*parent=*/nullptr, /*mirror=*/nullptr)));
-        mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
-    }
-
-    void createLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parentId) {
-        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        mHandles[id] = handle;
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
-        layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
-                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/mHandles[parentId],
-                           /*mirror=*/nullptr)));
-        mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
-    }
-
-    void reparentLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t newParentId) {
-        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
-        transactions.emplace_back();
-        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
-
-        if (newParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            auto parentHandle = mHandles[newParentId];
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
-                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), parentHandle,
-                                             static_cast<int32_t>(newParentId), "Test");
-        }
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eReparent;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
-    }
-
-    void reparentRelativeLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t relativeParentId) {
-        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
-        transactions.emplace_back();
-        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
-
-        if (relativeParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
-        } else {
-            auto parentHandle = mHandles[relativeParentId];
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl =
-                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), parentHandle,
-                                             static_cast<int32_t>(relativeParentId), "test");
-            transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged;
-        }
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
-    }
-
-    void mirrorLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parent, uint32_t layerToMirror) {
-        auto parentHandle = (parent == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) ? nullptr : mHandles[parent];
-        auto mirrorHandle =
-                (layerToMirror == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) ? nullptr : mHandles[layerToMirror];
-
-        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
-        mHandles[id] = handle;
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
-        layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
-                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/parentHandle,
-                           /*mirror=*/mHandles[layerToMirror])));
-        mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
-    }
-
-    void updateBackgroundColor(uint32_t id, half alpha) {
-        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
-        transactions.emplace_back();
-        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColorAlpha = alpha;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
-        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
-    }
-
-    void destroyLayerHandle(uint32_t id) { mLifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({id}); }
-
-    void updateAndVerify(LayerHierarchyBuilder& hierarchyBuilder) {
-        if (mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-            hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(),
-                                    mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
-        }
-        mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
-
-        // rebuild layer hierarchy from scratch and verify that it matches the updated state.
-        LayerHierarchyBuilder newBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
-        EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()),
-                  getTraversalPath(newBuilder.getHierarchy()));
-        EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()),
-                  getTraversalPathInZOrder(newBuilder.getHierarchy()));
-        EXPECT_FALSE(
-                mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
-    }
-
-    void setZ(uint32_t id, int32_t z) {
-        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
-        transactions.emplace_back();
-        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
-
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
-        transactions.back().states.front().state.z = z;
-        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
-    }
-    LayerLifecycleManager mLifecycleManager;
-    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, sp<LayerHandle>> mHandles;
+    LayerHierarchyTest() : LayerHierarchyTestBase() { mLifecycleManager.commitChanges(); }
 };
 
 // reparenting tests
@@ -725,4 +562,83 @@
     hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy().traverseInZOrder(checkTraversalPathIdVisitor);
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, zorderRespectsLayerSequenceId) {
+    // remove default hierarchy
+    mLifecycleManager = LayerLifecycleManager();
+    createRootLayer(1);
+    createRootLayer(2);
+    createRootLayer(4);
+    createRootLayer(5);
+    createLayer(11, 1);
+    createLayer(51, 5);
+    createLayer(53, 5);
+
+    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
+    std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 2, 4, 5, 51, 53};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+    expectedTraversalPath = {};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getOffscreenHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+
+    // A new layer is added with a smaller sequence id. Make sure its sorted correctly. While
+    // sequence ids are always incremented, this scenario can happen when a layer is reparented.
+    createRootLayer(3);
+    createLayer(52, 5);
+
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
+    expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 51, 52, 53};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+    expectedTraversalPath = {};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getOffscreenHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, zorderRespectsLayerZ) {
+    // remove default hierarchy
+    mLifecycleManager = LayerLifecycleManager();
+    createRootLayer(1);
+    createLayer(11, 1);
+    createLayer(12, 1);
+    createLayer(13, 1);
+    setZ(11, -1);
+    setZ(12, 2);
+    setZ(13, 1);
+
+    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
+    std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 13, 12};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+
+    expectedTraversalPath = {11, 1, 13, 12};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+    expectedTraversalPath = {};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getOffscreenHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerHierarchyTest, zorderRespectsLayerStack) {
+    // remove default hierarchy
+    mLifecycleManager = LayerLifecycleManager();
+    createRootLayer(1);
+    createRootLayer(2);
+    createLayer(11, 1);
+    createLayer(21, 2);
+    setLayerStack(1, 20);
+    setLayerStack(2, 10);
+
+    mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(hierarchyBuilder);
+    std::vector<uint32_t> expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 2, 21};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+
+    expectedTraversalPath = {1, 11, 2, 21};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+    expectedTraversalPath = {};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getOffscreenHierarchy()), expectedTraversalPath);
+}
+
 } // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a82232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
+#include "Layer.h"
+#include "gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+class LayerHierarchyTestBase : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    LayerHierarchyTestBase() {
+        // tree with 3 levels of children
+        // ROOT
+        // ├── 1
+        // │   ├── 11
+        // │   │   └── 111
+        // │   ├── 12
+        // │   │   ├── 121
+        // │   │   └── 122
+        // │   │       └── 1221
+        // │   └── 13
+        // └── 2
+
+        createRootLayer(1);
+        createRootLayer(2);
+        createLayer(11, 1);
+        createLayer(12, 1);
+        createLayer(13, 1);
+        createLayer(111, 11);
+        createLayer(121, 12);
+        createLayer(122, 12);
+        createLayer(1221, 122);
+    }
+
+    LayerCreationArgs createArgs(uint32_t id, bool canBeRoot, wp<IBinder> parent,
+                                 wp<IBinder> mirror) {
+        LayerCreationArgs args(nullptr, nullptr, "testlayer", 0, {}, std::make_optional(id));
+        args.addToRoot = canBeRoot;
+        args.parentHandle = parent;
+        args.mirrorLayerHandle = mirror;
+        return args;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> getTraversalPath(const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy) const {
+        std::vector<uint32_t> layerIds;
+        hierarchy.traverse([&layerIds = layerIds](const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy,
+                                                  const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath&) -> bool {
+            layerIds.emplace_back(hierarchy.getLayer()->id);
+            return true;
+        });
+        return layerIds;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> getTraversalPathInZOrder(const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy) const {
+        std::vector<uint32_t> layerIds;
+        hierarchy.traverseInZOrder(
+                [&layerIds = layerIds](const LayerHierarchy& hierarchy,
+                                       const LayerHierarchy::TraversalPath&) -> bool {
+                    layerIds.emplace_back(hierarchy.getLayer()->id);
+                    return true;
+                });
+        return layerIds;
+    }
+
+    virtual void createRootLayer(uint32_t id) {
+        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
+        mHandles[id] = handle;
+        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+        layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
+                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/true, /*parent=*/nullptr, /*mirror=*/nullptr)));
+        mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    }
+
+    virtual void createLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parentId) {
+        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
+        mHandles[id] = handle;
+        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+        layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
+                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/mHandles[parentId],
+                           /*mirror=*/nullptr)));
+        mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    }
+
+    void reparentLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t newParentId) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        if (newParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+            transactions.back().states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            auto parentHandle = mHandles[newParentId];
+            transactions.back().states.front().state.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
+                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), parentHandle,
+                                             static_cast<int32_t>(newParentId), "Test");
+        }
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eReparent;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    void reparentRelativeLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t relativeParentId) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        if (relativeParentId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) {
+            transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
+        } else {
+            auto parentHandle = mHandles[relativeParentId];
+            transactions.back().states.front().state.relativeLayerSurfaceControl =
+                    sp<SurfaceControl>::make(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), parentHandle,
+                                             static_cast<int32_t>(relativeParentId), "test");
+            transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged;
+        }
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    virtual void mirrorLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parent, uint32_t layerToMirror) {
+        auto parentHandle = (parent == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) ? nullptr : mHandles[parent];
+        auto mirrorHandle =
+                (layerToMirror == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) ? nullptr : mHandles[layerToMirror];
+
+        sp<LayerHandle> handle = sp<LayerHandle>::make(id);
+        mHandles[id] = handle;
+        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RequestedLayerState>> layers;
+        layers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<RequestedLayerState>(
+                createArgs(/*id=*/id, /*canBeRoot=*/false, /*parent=*/parentHandle,
+                           /*mirror=*/mHandles[layerToMirror])));
+        mLifecycleManager.addLayers(std::move(layers));
+    }
+
+    void updateBackgroundColor(uint32_t id, half alpha) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.bgColorAlpha = alpha;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    void destroyLayerHandle(uint32_t id) { mLifecycleManager.onHandlesDestroyed({id}); }
+
+    void updateAndVerify(LayerHierarchyBuilder& hierarchyBuilder) {
+        if (mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
+            hierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(),
+                                    mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
+        }
+        mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+
+        // rebuild layer hierarchy from scratch and verify that it matches the updated state.
+        LayerHierarchyBuilder newBuilder(mLifecycleManager.getLayers());
+        EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPath(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()),
+                  getTraversalPath(newBuilder.getHierarchy()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(getTraversalPathInZOrder(hierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy()),
+                  getTraversalPathInZOrder(newBuilder.getHierarchy()));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(
+                mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy));
+    }
+
+    void setZ(uint32_t id, int32_t z) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.z = z;
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    void setCrop(uint32_t id, const Rect& crop) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eCropChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.crop = crop;
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    void setFlags(uint32_t id, uint32_t mask, uint32_t flags) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.flags = flags;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.mask = mask;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    void setAlpha(uint32_t id, float alpha) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.color.a = static_cast<half>(alpha);
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    void hideLayer(uint32_t id) {
+        setFlags(id, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden);
+    }
+
+    void showLayer(uint32_t id) { setFlags(id, layer_state_t::eLayerHidden, 0); }
+
+    void setColor(uint32_t id, half3 rgb = half3(1._hf, 1._hf, 1._hf)) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eColorChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.color.rgb = rgb;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    void setLayerStack(uint32_t id, int32_t layerStack) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[id];
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(id);
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.layerStack = ui::LayerStack::fromValue(layerStack);
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
+    LayerLifecycleManager mLifecycleManager;
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, sp<LayerHandle>> mHandles;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e124342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerHandle.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerHierarchy.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.h"
+#include "FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.h"
+#include "Layer.h"
+#include "LayerHierarchyTest.h"
+
+#define UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(BUILDER, ...)                                    \
+    ({                                                                     \
+        SCOPED_TRACE("");                                                  \
+        updateAndVerify((BUILDER), /*displayChanges=*/false, __VA_ARGS__); \
+    })
+
+#define UPDATE_AND_VERIFY_WITH_DISPLAY_CHANGES(BUILDER, ...)              \
+    ({                                                                    \
+        SCOPED_TRACE("");                                                 \
+        updateAndVerify((BUILDER), /*displayChanges=*/true, __VA_ARGS__); \
+    })
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend {
+
+using ftl::Flags;
+using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
+
+// To run test:
+/**
+ mp :libsurfaceflinger_unittest && adb sync; adb shell \
+    /data/nativetest/libsurfaceflinger_unittest/libsurfaceflinger_unittest \
+    --gtest_filter="LayerSnapshotTest.*" --gtest_brief=1
+*/
+
+class LayerSnapshotTest : public LayerHierarchyTestBase {
+protected:
+    LayerSnapshotTest() : LayerHierarchyTestBase() {
+        UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    }
+
+    void createRootLayer(uint32_t id) override {
+        LayerHierarchyTestBase::createRootLayer(id);
+        setColor(id);
+    }
+
+    void createLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parentId) override {
+        LayerHierarchyTestBase::createLayer(id, parentId);
+        setColor(parentId);
+    }
+
+    void mirrorLayer(uint32_t id, uint32_t parent, uint32_t layerToMirror) override {
+        LayerHierarchyTestBase::mirrorLayer(id, parent, layerToMirror);
+        setColor(id);
+    }
+
+    void updateAndVerify(LayerSnapshotBuilder& actualBuilder, bool hasDisplayChanges,
+                         const std::vector<uint32_t> expectedVisibleLayerIdsInZOrder) {
+        if (mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
+            mHierarchyBuilder.update(mLifecycleManager.getLayers(),
+                                     mLifecycleManager.getDestroyedLayers());
+        }
+        LayerSnapshotBuilder::Args args{
+                .root = mHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy(),
+                .layerLifecycleManager = mLifecycleManager,
+                .includeMetadata = false,
+                .displays = mFrontEndDisplayInfos,
+                .displayChanges = hasDisplayChanges,
+                .globalShadowSettings = globalShadowSettings,
+        };
+        actualBuilder.update(args);
+
+        // rebuild layer snapshots from scratch and verify that it matches the updated state.
+        LayerSnapshotBuilder expectedBuilder(args);
+        mLifecycleManager.commitChanges();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(expectedBuilder.getSnapshots().size() > 0);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(actualBuilder.getSnapshots().size() > 0);
+
+        std::vector<uint32_t> actualVisibleLayerIdsInZOrder;
+        actualBuilder.forEachVisibleSnapshot(
+                [&actualVisibleLayerIdsInZOrder](const LayerSnapshot& snapshot) {
+                    actualVisibleLayerIdsInZOrder.push_back(snapshot.path.id);
+                });
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedVisibleLayerIdsInZOrder, actualVisibleLayerIdsInZOrder);
+    }
+
+    LayerSnapshot* getSnapshot(uint32_t layerId) { return mSnapshotBuilder.getSnapshot(layerId); }
+
+    LayerHierarchyBuilder mHierarchyBuilder{{}};
+    LayerSnapshotBuilder mSnapshotBuilder;
+    display::DisplayMap<ui::LayerStack, frontend::DisplayInfo> mFrontEndDisplayInfos;
+    renderengine::ShadowSettings globalShadowSettings;
+    static const std::vector<uint32_t> STARTING_ZORDER;
+};
+const std::vector<uint32_t> LayerSnapshotTest::STARTING_ZORDER = {1,   11,   111, 12, 121,
+                                                                  122, 1221, 13,  2};
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, buildSnapshot) {
+    LayerSnapshotBuilder::Args args{
+            .root = mHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy(),
+            .layerLifecycleManager = mLifecycleManager,
+            .includeMetadata = false,
+            .displays = mFrontEndDisplayInfos,
+            .globalShadowSettings = globalShadowSettings,
+    };
+    LayerSnapshotBuilder builder(args);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, updateSnapshot) {
+    LayerSnapshotBuilder::Args args{
+            .root = mHierarchyBuilder.getHierarchy(),
+            .layerLifecycleManager = mLifecycleManager,
+            .includeMetadata = false,
+            .displays = mFrontEndDisplayInfos,
+            .globalShadowSettings = globalShadowSettings,
+    };
+
+    LayerSnapshotBuilder builder;
+    builder.update(args);
+}
+
+// update using parent snapshot data
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, croppedByParent) {
+    /// MAKE ALL LAYERS VISIBLE BY DEFAULT
+    DisplayInfo info;
+    info.info.logicalHeight = 100;
+    info.info.logicalWidth = 200;
+    mFrontEndDisplayInfos.emplace_or_replace(ui::LayerStack::fromValue(1), info);
+    Rect layerCrop(0, 0, 10, 20);
+    setCrop(11, layerCrop);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mLifecycleManager.getGlobalChanges().test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::Geometry));
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY_WITH_DISPLAY_CHANGES(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(11)->geomCrop, layerCrop);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(111)->geomLayerBounds, layerCrop.toFloatRect());
+    float maxHeight = static_cast<float>(info.info.logicalHeight * 10);
+    float maxWidth = static_cast<float>(info.info.logicalWidth * 10);
+
+    FloatRect maxDisplaySize(-maxWidth, -maxHeight, maxWidth, maxHeight);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(1)->geomLayerBounds, maxDisplaySize);
+}
+
+// visibility tests
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, newLayerHiddenByPolicy) {
+    createLayer(112, 11);
+    hideLayer(112);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+
+    showLayer(112);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 11, 111, 112, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, hiddenByParent) {
+    hideLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, reparentShowsChild) {
+    hideLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+
+    showLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, reparentHidesChild) {
+    hideLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+
+    reparentLayer(121, 11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, unHidingUpdatesSnapshot) {
+    hideLayer(11);
+    Rect crop(1, 2, 3, 4);
+    setCrop(111, crop);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+
+    showLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(111)->geomLayerBounds, crop.toFloatRect());
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, childBehindParentCanBeHiddenByParent) {
+    setZ(111, -1);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 111, 11, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+
+    hideLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+}
+
+// relative tests
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, RelativeParentCanHideChild) {
+    reparentRelativeLayer(13, 11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 11, 13, 111, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 2});
+
+    hideLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 2});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, ReparentingToHiddenRelativeParentHidesChild) {
+    hideLayer(11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 13, 2});
+    reparentRelativeLayer(13, 11);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, {1, 12, 121, 122, 1221, 2});
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, AlphaInheritedByChildren) {
+    setAlpha(1, 0.5);
+    setAlpha(122, 0.5);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(12)->alpha, 0.5f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(1221)->alpha, 0.25f);
+}
+
+// Change states
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, UpdateClearsPreviousChangeStates) {
+    setCrop(1, Rect(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->changes.get() != 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(11)->changes.get() != 0);
+    setCrop(2, Rect(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(2)->changes.get() != 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->changes.get() == 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(11)->changes.get() == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, FastPathClearsPreviousChangeStates) {
+    setColor(11, {1._hf, 0._hf, 0._hf});
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(11)->changes.get() != 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(1)->changes.get() == 0);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot(11)->changes.get() == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, FastPathSetsChangeFlagToContent) {
+    setColor(1, {1._hf, 0._hf, 0._hf});
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(1)->changes, RequestedLayerState::Changes::Content);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, GameMode) {
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eMetadataChanged;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.metadata = LayerMetadata();
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.metadata.setInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, 42);
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[1];
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(1);
+    mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(getSnapshot(1)->gameMode), 42);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(getSnapshot(11)->gameMode), 42);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, NoLayerVoteForParentWithChildVotes) {
+    // ROOT
+    // ├── 1
+    // │   ├── 11 (frame rate set)
+    // │   │   └── 111
+    // │   ├── 12
+    // │   │   ├── 121
+    // │   │   └── 122
+    // │   │       └── 1221
+    // │   └── 13
+    // └── 2
+
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+    transactions.emplace_back();
+    transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.what = layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.frameRate = 90.0;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.frameRateCompatibility =
+            ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_EXACT;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.changeFrameRateStrategy =
+            ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ALWAYS;
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.surface = mHandles[11];
+    transactions.back().states.front().state.layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(11);
+    mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(11)->frameRate.rate.getIntValue(), 90);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(11)->frameRate.type, scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::Exact);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(111)->frameRate.rate.getIntValue(), 90);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(111)->frameRate.type,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::Exact);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(1)->frameRate.rate.getIntValue(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot(1)->frameRate.type, scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger::frontend
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
index 5e1042e..7aa5201 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
+#include "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -59,14 +60,6 @@
     const sp<MockHandler> mHandler;
 };
 
-struct MockVSyncDispatch : scheduler::VSyncDispatch {
-    MOCK_METHOD(CallbackToken, registerCallback, (Callback, std::string), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, unregisterCallback, (CallbackToken), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(scheduler::ScheduleResult, schedule, (CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(scheduler::CancelResult, cancel, (CallbackToken token), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, dump, (std::string&), (const, override));
-};
-
 struct MockTokenManager : frametimeline::TokenManager {
     MOCK_METHOD1(generateTokenForPredictions, int64_t(frametimeline::TimelineItem&& prediction));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getPredictionsForToken, std::optional<frametimeline::TimelineItem>(int64_t));
@@ -79,7 +72,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
     }
 
-    MockVSyncDispatch mVSyncDispatch;
+    mock::VSyncDispatch mVSyncDispatch;
     MockTokenManager mTokenManager;
     TestableMessageQueue mEventQueue;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index b8a6063..0cbfa63 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncController.h"
+#include "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h"
 #include "mock/MockVSyncTracker.h"
 #include "mock/MockVsyncController.h"
 
@@ -36,13 +37,15 @@
     TestableScheduler(RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : TestableScheduler(std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
                               std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(), std::move(selectorPtr),
-                              callback) {}
+                              /* modulatorPtr */ nullptr, callback) {}
 
     TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<VsyncController> controller,
                       std::unique_ptr<VSyncTracker> tracker, RefreshRateSelectorPtr selectorPtr,
-                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
-          : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection) {
-        mVsyncSchedule.emplace(VsyncSchedule(std::move(tracker), nullptr, std::move(controller)));
+                      sp<VsyncModulator> modulatorPtr, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+          : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection, std::move(modulatorPtr)) {
+        mVsyncSchedule.emplace(VsyncSchedule(std::move(tracker),
+                                             std::make_unique<mock::VSyncDispatch>(),
+                                             std::move(controller)));
 
         const auto displayId = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId();
         registerDisplay(displayId, std::move(selectorPtr));
@@ -96,6 +99,7 @@
         Scheduler::setLeaderDisplay(displayId);
     }
 
+    auto& mutableVsyncModulator() { return *mVsyncModulator; }
     auto& mutableLayerHistory() { return mLayerHistory; }
 
     size_t layerHistorySize() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 113c518..51d2012 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -224,30 +224,37 @@
 
         const auto fps = selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps;
         mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration = mFactory.createVsyncConfiguration(fps);
-        mFlinger->mVsyncModulator = sp<scheduler::VsyncModulator>::make(
-                mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
 
         mFlinger->mRefreshRateStats =
                 std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger->mTimeStats, fps,
                                                               hal::PowerMode::OFF);
 
+        mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
+
         using Callback = scheduler::ISchedulerCallback;
         Callback& callback = callbackImpl == SchedulerCallbackImpl::kNoOp
                 ? static_cast<Callback&>(mNoOpSchedulerCallback)
                 : static_cast<Callback&>(mSchedulerCallback);
 
+        auto modulatorPtr = sp<scheduler::VsyncModulator>::make(
+                mFlinger->mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
+
         if (useNiceMock) {
             mScheduler =
                     new testing::NiceMock<scheduler::TestableScheduler>(std::move(vsyncController),
                                                                         std::move(vsyncTracker),
                                                                         std::move(selectorPtr),
+                                                                        std::move(modulatorPtr),
                                                                         callback);
         } else {
             mScheduler = new scheduler::TestableScheduler(std::move(vsyncController),
                                                           std::move(vsyncTracker),
-                                                          std::move(selectorPtr), callback);
+                                                          std::move(selectorPtr),
+                                                          std::move(modulatorPtr), callback);
         }
 
+        mScheduler->initVsync(mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule().getDispatch(), *mTokenManager, 0ms);
+
         mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(appEventThread));
         mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(sfEventThread));
         resetScheduler(mScheduler);
@@ -258,8 +265,6 @@
     scheduler::TestableScheduler& mutableScheduler() { return *mScheduler; }
     scheduler::mock::SchedulerCallback& mockSchedulerCallback() { return mSchedulerCallback; }
 
-    auto& mutableVsyncModulator() { return mFlinger->mVsyncModulator; }
-
     using CreateBufferQueueFunction = surfaceflinger::test::Factory::CreateBufferQueueFunction;
     void setCreateBufferQueueFunction(CreateBufferQueueFunction f) {
         mFactory.mCreateBufferQueue = f;
@@ -435,12 +440,13 @@
                              uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
                              const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                              int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                             const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
+                             const std::vector<client_cache_t>& uncacheBuffers,
+                             bool hasListenerCallbacks,
                              std::vector<ListenerCallbacks>& listenerCallbacks,
                              uint64_t transactionId) {
         return mFlinger->setTransactionState(frameTimelineInfo, states, displays, flags, applyToken,
                                              inputWindowCommands, desiredPresentTime,
-                                             isAutoTimestamp, uncacheBuffer, hasListenerCallbacks,
+                                             isAutoTimestamp, uncacheBuffers, hasListenerCallbacks,
                                              listenerCallbacks, transactionId);
     }
 
@@ -911,6 +917,7 @@
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger;
     scheduler::mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
     scheduler::mock::NoOpSchedulerCallback mNoOpSchedulerCallback;
+    std::unique_ptr<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager> mTokenManager;
     scheduler::TestableScheduler* mScheduler = nullptr;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index d84698f..859f702 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
         int64_t desiredPresentTime = 0;
         bool isAutoTimestamp = true;
         FrameTimelineInfo frameTimelineInfo;
-        client_cache_t uncacheBuffer;
+        std::vector<client_cache_t> uncacheBuffers;
         uint64_t id = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
         static_assert(0xffffffffffffffff == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1));
     };
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
                                      transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
                                      transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
                                      transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transaction.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transaction.uncacheBuffers, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
                                      transaction.id);
 
         // If transaction is synchronous, SF applyTransactionState should time out (5s) wating for
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
                                      transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
                                      transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
                                      transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transaction.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transaction.uncacheBuffers, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
                                      transaction.id);
 
         nsecs_t returnedTime = systemTime();
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
                                      transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags,
                                      transactionA.applyToken, transactionA.inputWindowCommands,
                                      transactionA.desiredPresentTime, transactionA.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffers, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
                                      transactionA.id);
 
         // This thread should not have been blocked by the above transaction
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
                                      transactionB.displays, transactionB.flags,
                                      transactionB.applyToken, transactionB.inputWindowCommands,
                                      transactionB.desiredPresentTime, transactionB.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffers, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
                                      transactionB.id);
 
         // this thread should have been blocked by the above transaction
@@ -228,6 +228,11 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, transactionQueue.size());
     }
 
+    void modulateVsync() {
+        static_cast<void>(
+                mFlinger.mutableScheduler().mutableVsyncModulator().onRefreshRateChangeInitiated());
+    }
+
     bool mHasListenerCallbacks = false;
     std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> mCallbacks;
     int mTransactionNumber = 0;
@@ -243,7 +248,7 @@
     mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
                                  transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags, transactionA.applyToken,
                                  transactionA.inputWindowCommands, transactionA.desiredPresentTime,
-                                 transactionA.isAutoTimestamp, transactionA.uncacheBuffer,
+                                 transactionA.isAutoTimestamp, transactionA.uncacheBuffers,
                                  mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, transactionA.id);
 
     auto& transactionQueue = mFlinger.getTransactionQueue();
@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@
     mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
                                  transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags, transactionA.applyToken,
                                  transactionA.inputWindowCommands, transactionA.desiredPresentTime,
-                                 transactionA.isAutoTimestamp, transactionA.uncacheBuffer,
+                                 transactionA.isAutoTimestamp, transactionA.uncacheBuffers,
                                  mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, transactionA.id);
 
     auto& transactionQueue = mFlinger.getTransactionQueue();
@@ -277,7 +282,7 @@
     mFlinger.setTransactionState(empty.frameTimelineInfo, empty.states, empty.displays, empty.flags,
                                  empty.applyToken, empty.inputWindowCommands,
                                  empty.desiredPresentTime, empty.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                 empty.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, empty.id);
+                                 empty.uncacheBuffers, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, empty.id);
 
     // flush transaction queue should flush as desiredPresentTime has
     // passed
@@ -374,8 +379,7 @@
                                               transaction.applyToken,
                                               transaction.inputWindowCommands,
                                               transaction.desiredPresentTime,
-                                              transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
-                                              transaction.uncacheBuffer, systemTime(), 0,
+                                              transaction.isAutoTimestamp, {}, systemTime(), 0,
                                               mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks, getpid(),
                                               static_cast<int>(getuid()), transaction.id);
             mFlinger.setTransactionStateInternal(transactionState);
@@ -624,9 +628,7 @@
                                                               layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
                                   });
 
-    // Get VsyncModulator out of the default config
-    static_cast<void>(mFlinger.mutableVsyncModulator()->onRefreshRateChangeInitiated());
-
+    modulateVsync();
     setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
@@ -986,9 +988,7 @@
                                                               layer_state_t::eBufferChanged),
                                   });
 
-    // Get VsyncModulator out of the default config
-    static_cast<void>(mFlinger.mutableVsyncModulator()->onRefreshRateChangeInitiated());
-
+    modulateVsync();
     setTransactionStates({unsignaledTransaction}, kExpectedTransactionsPending);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
index 2b86e94..14a2860 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
@@ -270,6 +270,43 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls[0], Eq(mPeriod));
 }
 
+TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, updateAlarmSettingFuture) {
+    auto intended = mPeriod - 230;
+    Sequence seq;
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 900)).InSequence(seq);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 700)).InSequence(seq);
+
+    CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
+    auto result = mDispatch.schedule(cb,
+                                     {.workDuration = 100,
+                                      .readyDuration = 0,
+                                      .earliestVsync = intended});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(900, *result);
+
+    result = mDispatch.update(cb,
+                              {.workDuration = 300, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = intended});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(700, *result);
+
+    advanceToNextCallback();
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls[0], Eq(mPeriod));
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb.mWakeupTime[0], Eq(700));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, updateDoesntSchedule) {
+    auto intended = mPeriod - 230;
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, _)).Times(0);
+
+    CountingCallback cb(mDispatch);
+    const auto result =
+            mDispatch.update(cb,
+                             {.workDuration = 300, .readyDuration = 0, .earliestVsync = intended});
+    EXPECT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+}
+
 TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, basicAlarmSettingFutureWithAdjustmentToTrueVsync) {
     EXPECT_CALL(mStubTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(1000)).WillOnce(Return(1150));
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmAt(_, 1050));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
index 8bd689a..1fb2709 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
@@ -69,14 +69,6 @@
     std::shared_ptr<Clock> const mClock;
 };
 
-struct MockVSyncDispatch : VSyncDispatch {
-    MOCK_METHOD(CallbackToken, registerCallback, (Callback, std::string), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, unregisterCallback, (CallbackToken), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ScheduleResult, schedule, (CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(CancelResult, cancel, (CallbackToken), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(void, dump, (std::string&), (const, override));
-};
-
 std::shared_ptr<android::FenceTime> generateInvalidFence() {
     sp<Fence> fence = sp<Fence>::make();
     return std::make_shared<android::FenceTime>(fence);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncModulatorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncModulatorTest.cpp
index b519582..8acbd6f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncModulatorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncModulatorTest.cpp
@@ -57,17 +57,14 @@
 
     using Schedule = scheduler::TransactionSchedule;
     using nanos = std::chrono::nanoseconds;
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig kEarly{SF_OFFSET_EARLY, APP_OFFSET_EARLY,
-                                             nanos(SF_DURATION_LATE), nanos(APP_DURATION_LATE)};
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig kEarlyGpu{SF_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU, APP_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU,
-                                                nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY),
-                                                nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY)};
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig kLate{SF_OFFSET_LATE, APP_OFFSET_LATE,
-                                            nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY_GPU),
-                                            nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY_GPU)};
+    const VsyncConfig kEarly{SF_OFFSET_EARLY, APP_OFFSET_EARLY, nanos(SF_DURATION_LATE),
+                             nanos(APP_DURATION_LATE)};
+    const VsyncConfig kEarlyGpu{SF_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU, APP_OFFSET_EARLY_GPU, nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY),
+                                nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY)};
+    const VsyncConfig kLate{SF_OFFSET_LATE, APP_OFFSET_LATE, nanos(SF_DURATION_EARLY_GPU),
+                            nanos(APP_DURATION_EARLY_GPU)};
 
-    const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfigSet mOffsets = {kEarly, kEarlyGpu, kLate,
-                                                     nanos(HWC_MIN_WORK_DURATION)};
+    const VsyncConfigSet mOffsets = {kEarly, kEarlyGpu, kLate, nanos(HWC_MIN_WORK_DURATION)};
     sp<TestableVsyncModulator> mVsyncModulator = sp<TestableVsyncModulator>::make(mOffsets, Now);
 
     void SetUp() override { EXPECT_EQ(kLate, mVsyncModulator->setVsyncConfigSet(mOffsets)); }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
index 2f16b7b..5e29fe7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h
@@ -145,6 +145,11 @@
     MOCK_METHOD2(setBootDisplayConfig, Error(Display, Config));
     MOCK_METHOD1(clearBootDisplayConfig, Error(Display));
     MOCK_METHOD2(getPreferredBootDisplayConfig, Error(Display, Config*));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getHdrConversionCapabilities,
+                 Error(std::vector<
+                         aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionCapability>*));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(setHdrConversionStrategy,
+                 Error(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::HdrConversionStrategy));
     MOCK_METHOD2(getSupportedContentTypes,
                  V2_4::Error(Display, std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>*));
     MOCK_METHOD2(setContentType, V2_4::Error(Display, IComposerClient::ContentType));
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncDispatch.cpp
similarity index 66%
copy from libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
copy to services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncDispatch.cpp
index c86de34..2817514 100644
--- a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/ReleaseCallbackId.aidl
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncDispatch.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.gui;
+#include "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h"
 
-parcelable ReleaseCallbackId cpp_header "gui/ReleaseCallbackId.h";
+namespace android::mock {
+
+// Explicit default instantiation is recommended.
+VSyncDispatch::VSyncDispatch() = default;
+VSyncDispatch::~VSyncDispatch() = default;
+
+} // namespace android::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc32ff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h"
+
+namespace android::mock {
+
+class VSyncDispatch : public android::scheduler::VSyncDispatch {
+public:
+    VSyncDispatch();
+    ~VSyncDispatch() override;
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(CallbackToken, registerCallback, (Callback, std::string), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, unregisterCallback, (CallbackToken), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(scheduler::ScheduleResult, schedule, (CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(scheduler::ScheduleResult, update, (CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(scheduler::CancelResult, cancel, (CallbackToken token), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, dump, (std::string&), (const, override));
+};
+
+} // namespace android::mock