diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp b/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp
index 80358d2..5d21f6a 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 #define MAX_SYS_FILES 10
 
 const char* k_traceTagsProperty = "debug.atrace.tags.enableflags";
+const char* k_userInitiatedTraceProperty = "debug.atrace.user_initiated";
 
 const char* k_traceAppsNumberProperty = "debug.atrace.app_number";
 const char* k_traceAppsPropertyTemplate = "debug.atrace.app_%d";
@@ -444,6 +445,16 @@
     return setKernelOptionEnable(k_tracingOverwriteEnablePath, enable);
 }
 
+// Set the user initiated trace property
+static bool setUserInitiatedTraceProperty(bool enable)
+{
+    if (!android::base::SetProperty(k_userInitiatedTraceProperty, enable ? "1" : "")) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error setting user initiated strace system property\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 // Enable or disable kernel tracing.
 static bool setTracingEnabled(bool enable)
 {
@@ -837,6 +848,8 @@
 {
     bool ok = true;
 
+    ok &= setUserInitiatedTraceProperty(true);
+
     // Set up the tracing options.
     ok &= setCategoriesEnableFromFile(g_categoriesFile);
     ok &= setTraceOverwriteEnable(g_traceOverwrite);
@@ -884,6 +897,7 @@
     setTraceBufferSizeKB(1);
     setPrintTgidEnableIfPresent(false);
     setKernelTraceFuncs(NULL);
+    setUserInitiatedTraceProperty(false);
 }
 
 // Enable tracing in the kernel.
diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
index f6c8e7f..1c88ff9 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/i2c/smbus_reply/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/lowmemorykiller/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/lowmemorykiller/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sync/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/sync/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/fence/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/fence/enable
+
 
     # disk
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/f2fs/f2fs_get_data_block/enable
diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace_userdebug.rc b/cmds/atrace/atrace_userdebug.rc
index 93a29ba..f4e5b98 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace_userdebug.rc
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace_userdebug.rc
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 # Access control to these files is now entirely in selinux policy.
 
 on post-fs
-    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/sync/enable
-    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sync/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/workqueue/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/workqueue/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/regulator/enable
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 734cfa7..d94c649 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
     }
 
     // find anrd's pid if it is running.
-    pid = GetPidByName("/system/xbin/anrd");
+    pid = GetPidByName("/system/bin/anrd");
 
     if (pid > 0) {
         if (stat(trace_path, &st) == 0) {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index a9383eb..a19ce09 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -740,6 +740,7 @@
 static void run_profman(const std::vector<unique_fd>& profile_fds,
                         const unique_fd& reference_profile_fd,
                         const std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>* dex_locations,
                         bool copy_and_update) {
     const char* profman_bin = is_debug_runtime() ? "/system/bin/profmand" : "/system/bin/profman";
 
@@ -762,6 +763,13 @@
         }
     }
 
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_location_args;
+    if (dex_locations != nullptr) {
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < dex_locations->size(); k++) {
+            dex_location_args.push_back("--dex-location=" + (*dex_locations)[k]);
+        }
+    }
+
     // program name, reference profile fd, the final NULL and the profile fds
     const char* argv[3 + profile_args.size() + apk_args.size() + (copy_and_update ? 1 : 0)];
     int i = 0;
@@ -773,9 +781,13 @@
     for (size_t k = 0; k < apk_args.size(); k++) {
         argv[i++] = apk_args[k].c_str();
     }
+    for (size_t k = 0; k < dex_location_args.size(); k++) {
+        argv[i++] = dex_location_args[k].c_str();
+    }
     if (copy_and_update) {
         argv[i++] = "--copy-and-update-profile-key";
     }
+
     // Do not add after dex2oat_flags, they should override others for debugging.
     argv[i] = NULL;
 
@@ -787,20 +799,26 @@
 [[ noreturn ]]
 static void run_profman_merge(const std::vector<unique_fd>& profiles_fd,
                               const unique_fd& reference_profile_fd,
-                              const std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds = nullptr) {
-    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, apk_fds, /*copy_and_update*/false);
+                              const std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds = nullptr,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>* dex_locations = nullptr) {
+    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, apk_fds, dex_locations,
+            /*copy_and_update*/false);
 }
 
 [[ noreturn ]]
 static void run_profman_copy_and_update(unique_fd&& profile_fd,
                                         unique_fd&& reference_profile_fd,
-                                        unique_fd&& apk_fd) {
+                                        unique_fd&& apk_fd,
+                                        const std::string& dex_location) {
     std::vector<unique_fd> profiles_fd;
     profiles_fd.push_back(std::move(profile_fd));
     std::vector<unique_fd> apk_fds;
     apk_fds.push_back(std::move(apk_fd));
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
+    dex_locations.push_back(dex_location);
 
-    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, &apk_fds, /*copy_and_update*/true);
+    run_profman(profiles_fd, reference_profile_fd, &apk_fds, &dex_locations,
+            /*copy_and_update*/true);
 }
 
 // Decides if profile guided compilation is needed or not based on existing profiles.
@@ -2598,7 +2616,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool open_classpath_files(const std::string& classpath, std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds) {
+bool open_classpath_files(const std::string& classpath, std::vector<unique_fd>* apk_fds,
+        std::vector<std::string>* dex_locations) {
     std::vector<std::string> classpaths_elems = base::Split(classpath, ":");
     for (const std::string& elem : classpaths_elems) {
         unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(elem.c_str(), O_RDONLY)));
@@ -2607,6 +2626,7 @@
             return false;
         } else {
             apk_fds->push_back(std::move(fd));
+            dex_locations->push_back(elem);
         }
     }
     return true;
@@ -2636,7 +2656,8 @@
     // Open the class paths elements. These will be used to filter out profile data that does
     // not belong to the classpath during merge.
     std::vector<unique_fd> apk_fds;
-    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds)) {
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
+    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds, &dex_locations)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -2644,7 +2665,7 @@
     if (pid == 0) {
         /* child -- drop privileges before continuing */
         drop_capabilities(app_shared_gid);
-        run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds);
+        run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds, &dex_locations);
     }
 
     /* parent */
@@ -2694,7 +2715,8 @@
     // Open the classpath elements. These will be used to filter out profile data that does
     // not belong to the classpath during merge.
     std::vector<unique_fd> apk_fds;
-    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds)) {
+    std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
+    if (!open_classpath_files(classpath, &apk_fds, &dex_locations)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -2721,7 +2743,9 @@
             /* child -- drop privileges before continuing */
             drop_capabilities(AID_SYSTEM);
 
-            run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds);
+            // The introduction of new access flags into boot jars causes them to
+            // fail dex file verification.
+            run_profman_merge(profiles_fd, snapshot_fd, &apk_fds, &dex_locations);
         }
 
         /* parent */
@@ -2784,7 +2808,8 @@
         // The copy and update takes ownership over the fds.
         run_profman_copy_and_update(std::move(dex_metadata_fd),
                                     std::move(ref_profile_fd),
-                                    std::move(apk_fd));
+                                    std::move(apk_fd),
+                                    code_path);
     }
 
     /* parent */
diff --git a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
index 29ef648..c99b863 100644
--- a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
+++ b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.cpp
@@ -18,14 +18,17 @@
 
 #include <getopt.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <fstream>
+#include <functional>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <map>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <regex>
+#include <sstream>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <hidl-hash/Hash.h>
@@ -101,21 +104,19 @@
 
 // Give sensible defaults when nothing can be inferred from runtime.
 // process: Partition inferred from executable location or cmdline.
-Partition ListCommand::resolvePartition(Partition process, const FQName& fqName) const {
-    if (fqName.inPackage("vendor") ||
-        fqName.inPackage("com")) {
+Partition ListCommand::resolvePartition(Partition process, const FqInstance& fqInstance) const {
+    if (fqInstance.inPackage("vendor") || fqInstance.inPackage("com")) {
         return Partition::VENDOR;
     }
 
-    if (fqName.inPackage("android.frameworks") ||
-        fqName.inPackage("android.system") ||
-        fqName.inPackage("android.hidl")) {
+    if (fqInstance.inPackage("android.frameworks") || fqInstance.inPackage("android.system") ||
+        fqInstance.inPackage("android.hidl")) {
         return Partition::SYSTEM;
     }
 
     // Some android.hardware HALs are served from system. Check the value from executable
     // location / cmdline first.
-    if (fqName.inPackage("android.hardware")) {
+    if (fqInstance.inPackage("android.hardware")) {
         if (process != Partition::UNKNOWN) {
             return process;
         }
@@ -221,16 +222,37 @@
     return &pair.first->second;
 }
 
-// Must process hwbinder services first, then passthrough services.
+bool ListCommand::shouldReportHalType(const HalType &type) const {
+    return (std::find(mListTypes.begin(), mListTypes.end(), type) != mListTypes.end());
+}
+
 void ListCommand::forEachTable(const std::function<void(Table &)> &f) {
-    f(mServicesTable);
-    f(mPassthroughRefTable);
-    f(mImplementationsTable);
+    for (const auto& type : mListTypes) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case HalType::BINDERIZED_SERVICES:
+                f(mServicesTable); break;
+            case HalType::PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS:
+                f(mPassthroughRefTable); break;
+            case HalType::PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES:
+                f(mImplementationsTable); break;
+            default:
+                LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << "Unknown HAL type.";
+        }
+    }
 }
 void ListCommand::forEachTable(const std::function<void(const Table &)> &f) const {
-    f(mServicesTable);
-    f(mPassthroughRefTable);
-    f(mImplementationsTable);
+    for (const auto& type : mListTypes) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case HalType::BINDERIZED_SERVICES:
+                f(mServicesTable); break;
+            case HalType::PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS:
+                f(mPassthroughRefTable); break;
+            case HalType::PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES:
+                f(mImplementationsTable); break;
+            default:
+                LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << "Unknown HAL type.";
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void ListCommand::postprocess() {
@@ -284,138 +306,138 @@
             "These may return subclasses through their respective HIDL_FETCH_I* functions.");
 }
 
-static inline bool findAndBumpVersion(vintf::ManifestHal* hal, const vintf::Version& version) {
-    for (vintf::Version& v : hal->versions) {
-        if (v.majorVer == version.majorVer) {
-            v.minorVer = std::max(v.minorVer, version.minorVer);
-            return true;
-        }
+bool ListCommand::addEntryWithInstance(const TableEntry& entry,
+                                       vintf::HalManifest* manifest) const {
+    FqInstance fqInstance;
+    if (!fqInstance.setTo(entry.interfaceName)) {
+        err() << "Warning: '" << entry.interfaceName << "' is not a valid FqInstance." << std::endl;
+        return false;
     }
-    return false;
+
+    if (fqInstance.getPackage() == gIBaseFqName.package()) {
+        return true; // always remove IBase from manifest
+    }
+
+    Partition partition = resolvePartition(entry.partition, fqInstance);
+
+    if (partition == Partition::UNKNOWN) {
+        err() << "Warning: Cannot guess the partition of FqInstance " << fqInstance.string()
+              << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (partition != mVintfPartition) {
+        return true; // strip out instances that is in a different partition.
+    }
+
+    vintf::Transport transport;
+    vintf::Arch arch;
+    if (entry.transport == "hwbinder") {
+        transport = vintf::Transport::HWBINDER;
+        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_EMPTY;
+    } else if (entry.transport == "passthrough") {
+        transport = vintf::Transport::PASSTHROUGH;
+        switch (entry.arch) {
+            case lshal::ARCH32:
+                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32;
+                break;
+            case lshal::ARCH64:
+                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_64;
+                break;
+            case lshal::ARCH_BOTH:
+                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32_64;
+                break;
+            case lshal::ARCH_UNKNOWN: // fallthrough
+            default:
+                err() << "Warning: '" << entry.interfaceName << "' doesn't have bitness info.";
+                return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        err() << "Warning: '" << entry.transport << "' is not a valid transport." << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string e;
+    if (!manifest->insertInstance(fqInstance, transport, arch, vintf::HalFormat::HIDL, &e)) {
+        err() << "Warning: Cannot insert '" << fqInstance.string() << ": " << e << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ListCommand::addEntryWithoutInstance(const TableEntry& entry,
+                                          const vintf::HalManifest* manifest) const {
+    const auto& packageAndVersion = splitFirst(splitFirst(entry.interfaceName, ':').first, '@');
+    const auto& package = packageAndVersion.first;
+    vintf::Version version;
+    if (!vintf::parse(packageAndVersion.second, &version)) {
+        err() << "Warning: Cannot parse version '" << packageAndVersion.second << "' for entry '"
+              << entry.interfaceName << "'" << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool found = false;
+    (void)manifest->forEachInstanceOfVersion(package, version, [&found](const auto&) {
+        found = true;
+        return false; // break
+    });
+    return found;
 }
 
 void ListCommand::dumpVintf(const NullableOStream<std::ostream>& out) const {
     using vintf::operator|=;
     using vintf::operator<<;
+    using namespace std::placeholders;
 
     vintf::HalManifest manifest;
     manifest.setType(toSchemaType(mVintfPartition));
-    forEachTable([this, &manifest] (const Table &table) {
-        for (const TableEntry &entry : table) {
 
-            std::string fqInstanceName = entry.interfaceName;
+    std::vector<std::string> error;
+    for (const TableEntry& entry : mServicesTable)
+        if (!addEntryWithInstance(entry, &manifest)) error.push_back(entry.interfaceName);
+    for (const TableEntry& entry : mPassthroughRefTable)
+        if (!addEntryWithInstance(entry, &manifest)) error.push_back(entry.interfaceName);
 
-            if (&table == &mImplementationsTable) {
-                // Quick hack to work around *'s
-                replaceAll(&fqInstanceName, '*', 'D');
-            }
-            auto splitFqInstanceName = splitFirst(fqInstanceName, '/');
-            FQName fqName;
-            if (!FQName::parse(splitFqInstanceName.first, &fqName)) {
-                err() << "Warning: '" << splitFqInstanceName.first
-                     << "' is not a valid FQName." << std::endl;
-                continue;
-            }
+    std::vector<std::string> passthrough;
+    for (const TableEntry& entry : mImplementationsTable)
+        if (!addEntryWithoutInstance(entry, &manifest)) passthrough.push_back(entry.interfaceName);
 
-            if (fqName.package() == gIBaseFqName.package()) {
-                continue; // always remove IBase from manifest
-            }
-
-            Partition partition = resolvePartition(entry.partition, fqName);
-
-            if (partition == Partition::UNKNOWN) {
-                err() << "Warning: Cannot guess the partition of instance " << fqInstanceName
-                      << ". It is removed from the generated manifest." << std::endl;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (partition != mVintfPartition) {
-                continue; // strip out instances that is in a different partition.
-            }
-
-            std::string interfaceName =
-                    &table == &mImplementationsTable ? "" : fqName.name();
-            std::string instanceName =
-                    &table == &mImplementationsTable ? "" : splitFqInstanceName.second;
-
-            vintf::Version version{fqName.getPackageMajorVersion(),
-                                   fqName.getPackageMinorVersion()};
-            vintf::Transport transport;
-            vintf::Arch arch;
-            if (entry.transport == "hwbinder") {
-                transport = vintf::Transport::HWBINDER;
-                arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_EMPTY;
-            } else if (entry.transport == "passthrough") {
-                transport = vintf::Transport::PASSTHROUGH;
-                switch (entry.arch) {
-                    case lshal::ARCH32:
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32;    break;
-                    case lshal::ARCH64:
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_64;    break;
-                    case lshal::ARCH_BOTH:
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32_64; break;
-                    case lshal::ARCH_UNKNOWN: // fallthrough
-                    default:
-                        err() << "Warning: '" << fqName.package()
-                             << "' doesn't have bitness info, assuming 32+64." << std::endl;
-                        arch = vintf::Arch::ARCH_32_64;
-                }
-            } else {
-                err() << "Warning: '" << entry.transport << "' is not a valid transport." << std::endl;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            bool done = false;
-            for (vintf::ManifestHal *hal : manifest.getHals(fqName.package())) {
-                if (hal->transport() != transport) {
-                    if (transport != vintf::Transport::PASSTHROUGH) {
-                        err() << "Fatal: should not reach here. Generated result may be wrong for '"
-                             << hal->name << "'."
-                             << std::endl;
-                    }
-                    done = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-                if (findAndBumpVersion(hal, version)) {
-                    if (&table != &mImplementationsTable) {
-                        hal->insertLegacyInstance(interfaceName, instanceName);
-                    }
-                    hal->transportArch.arch |= arch;
-                    done = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (done) {
-                continue; // to next TableEntry
-            }
-            vintf::ManifestHal manifestHal{
-                    vintf::HalFormat::HIDL,
-                    std::string{fqName.package()},
-                    {version},
-                    {transport, arch},
-                    {}};
-            if (&table != &mImplementationsTable) {
-                manifestHal.insertLegacyInstance(interfaceName, instanceName);
-            }
-            if (!manifest.add(std::move(manifestHal))) {
-                err() << "Warning: cannot add hal '" << fqInstanceName << "'" << std::endl;
-            }
-        }
-    });
     out << "<!-- " << std::endl
-         << "    This is a skeleton " << manifest.type() << " manifest. Notes: " << std::endl
-         << INIT_VINTF_NOTES
-         << "-->" << std::endl;
-    out << vintf::gHalManifestConverter(manifest, vintf::SerializeFlag::HALS_NO_FQNAME);
+        << "    This is a skeleton " << manifest.type() << " manifest. Notes: " << std::endl
+        << INIT_VINTF_NOTES;
+    if (!error.empty()) {
+        out << std::endl << "    The following HALs are not added; see warnings." << std::endl;
+        for (const auto& e : error) {
+            out << "        " << e << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!passthrough.empty()) {
+        out << std::endl
+            << "    The following HALs are passthrough and no interface or instance " << std::endl
+            << "    names can be inferred." << std::endl;
+        for (const auto& e : passthrough) {
+            out << "        " << e << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+    out << "-->" << std::endl;
+    out << vintf::gHalManifestConverter(manifest, vintf::SerializeFlag::HALS_ONLY);
 }
 
 std::string ListCommand::INIT_VINTF_NOTES{
-    "    1. If a HAL is supported in both hwbinder and passthrough transport, \n"
+    "    1. If a HAL is supported in both hwbinder and passthrough transport,\n"
     "       only hwbinder is shown.\n"
     "    2. It is likely that HALs in passthrough transport does not have\n"
     "       <interface> declared; users will have to write them by hand.\n"
     "    3. A HAL with lower minor version can be overridden by a HAL with\n"
     "       higher minor version if they have the same name and major version.\n"
+    "    4. This output is intended for launch devices.\n"
+    "       Upgrading devices should not use this tool to generate device\n"
+    "       manifest and replace the existing manifest directly, but should\n"
+    "       edit the existing manifest manually.\n"
+    "       Specifically, devices which launched at Android O-MR1 or earlier\n"
+    "       should not use the 'fqname' format for required HAL entries and\n"
+    "       should instead use the legacy package, name, instance-name format\n"
+    "       until they are updated.\n"
 };
 
 static Architecture fromBaseArchitecture(::android::hidl::base::V1_0::DebugInfo::Architecture a) {
@@ -499,6 +521,8 @@
 }
 
 Status ListCommand::fetchAllLibraries(const sp<IServiceManager> &manager) {
+    if (!shouldReportHalType(HalType::PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES)) { return OK; }
+
     using namespace ::android::hardware;
     using namespace ::android::hidl::manager::V1_0;
     using namespace ::android::hidl::base::V1_0;
@@ -527,6 +551,8 @@
 }
 
 Status ListCommand::fetchPassthrough(const sp<IServiceManager> &manager) {
+    if (!shouldReportHalType(HalType::PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS)) { return OK; }
+
     using namespace ::android::hardware;
     using namespace ::android::hardware::details;
     using namespace ::android::hidl::manager::V1_0;
@@ -556,8 +582,9 @@
 }
 
 Status ListCommand::fetchBinderized(const sp<IServiceManager> &manager) {
-    const std::string mode = "hwbinder";
+    if (!shouldReportHalType(HalType::BINDERIZED_SERVICES)) { return OK; }
 
+    const std::string mode = "hwbinder";
     hidl_vec<hidl_string> fqInstanceNames;
     // copying out for timeoutIPC
     auto listRet = timeoutIPC(manager, &IServiceManager::list, [&] (const auto &names) {
@@ -791,6 +818,42 @@
         thiz->mNeat = true;
         return OK;
     }, "output is machine parsable (no explanatory text).\nCannot be used with --debug."});
+    mOptions.push_back({'\0', "types", required_argument, v++, [](ListCommand* thiz, const char* arg) {
+        if (!arg) { return USAGE; }
+
+        static const std::map<std::string, HalType> kHalTypeMap {
+            {"binderized", HalType::BINDERIZED_SERVICES},
+            {"b", HalType::BINDERIZED_SERVICES},
+            {"passthrough_clients", HalType::PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS},
+            {"c", HalType::PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS},
+            {"passthrough_libs", HalType::PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES},
+            {"l", HalType::PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES}
+        };
+
+        std::vector<std::string> halTypesArgs = split(std::string(arg), ',');
+        for (const auto& halTypeArg : halTypesArgs) {
+            if (halTypeArg.empty()) continue;
+
+            const auto& halTypeIter = kHalTypeMap.find(halTypeArg);
+            if (halTypeIter == kHalTypeMap.end()) {
+
+                thiz->err() << "Unrecognized HAL type: " << halTypeArg << std::endl;
+                return USAGE;
+            }
+
+            // Append unique (non-repeated) HAL types to the reporting list
+            HalType halType = halTypeIter->second;
+            if (std::find(thiz->mListTypes.begin(), thiz->mListTypes.end(), halType) ==
+                thiz->mListTypes.end()) {
+                thiz->mListTypes.push_back(halType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (thiz->mListTypes.empty()) { return USAGE; }
+        return OK;
+    }, "comma-separated list of one or more HAL types.\nThe output is restricted to the selected "
+       "association(s). Valid options\nare: (b|binderized), (c|passthrough_clients), and (l|"
+       "passthrough_libs).\nBy default, lists all available HALs."});
 }
 
 // Create 'longopts' argument to getopt_long. Caller is responsible for maintaining
@@ -829,6 +892,7 @@
 }
 
 Status ListCommand::parseArgs(const Arg &arg) {
+    mListTypes.clear();
 
     if (mOptions.empty()) {
         registerAllOptions();
@@ -901,6 +965,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // By default, list all HAL types
+    if (mListTypes.empty()) {
+        mListTypes = {HalType::BINDERIZED_SERVICES, HalType::PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS,
+                      HalType::PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES};
+    }
+
     forEachTable([this] (Table& table) {
         table.setSelectedColumns(this->mSelectedColumns);
     });
@@ -919,22 +989,6 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-static std::vector<std::string> splitString(const std::string &s, char c) {
-    std::vector<std::string> components;
-
-    size_t startPos = 0;
-    size_t matchPos;
-    while ((matchPos = s.find(c, startPos)) != std::string::npos) {
-        components.push_back(s.substr(startPos, matchPos - startPos));
-        startPos = matchPos + 1;
-    }
-
-    if (startPos <= s.length()) {
-        components.push_back(s.substr(startPos));
-    }
-    return components;
-}
-
 const std::string& ListCommand::RegisteredOption::getHelpMessageForArgument() const {
     static const std::string empty{};
     static const std::string optional{"[=<arg>]"};
@@ -970,7 +1024,7 @@
         if (!e.longOption.empty())
             err() << "--" << e.longOption << e.getHelpMessageForArgument();
         err() << ": ";
-        std::vector<std::string> lines = splitString(e.help, '\n');
+        std::vector<std::string> lines = split(e.help, '\n');
         for (const auto& line : lines) {
             if (&line != &lines.front())
                 err() << "            ";
diff --git a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h
index 1e85ea0..c35561d 100644
--- a/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h
+++ b/cmds/lshal/ListCommand.h
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
 
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <hidl-util/FQName.h>
+#include <hidl-util/FqInstance.h>
+#include <vintf/HalManifest.h>
 
 #include "Command.h"
 #include "NullableOStream.h"
@@ -45,6 +46,12 @@
     uint32_t threadCount; // number of threads total
 };
 
+enum class HalType {
+    BINDERIZED_SERVICES = 0,
+    PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS,
+    PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES
+};
+
 class ListCommand : public Command {
 public:
     ListCommand(Lshal &lshal) : Command(lshal) {}
@@ -113,7 +120,7 @@
     void removeDeadProcesses(Pids *pids);
 
     virtual Partition getPartition(pid_t pid);
-    Partition resolvePartition(Partition processPartition, const FQName& fqName) const;
+    Partition resolvePartition(Partition processPartition, const FqInstance &fqInstance) const;
 
     void forEachTable(const std::function<void(Table &)> &f);
     void forEachTable(const std::function<void(const Table &)> &f) const;
@@ -123,6 +130,13 @@
 
     void registerAllOptions();
 
+    // helper functions to dumpVintf.
+    bool addEntryWithInstance(const TableEntry &entry, vintf::HalManifest *manifest) const;
+    bool addEntryWithoutInstance(const TableEntry &entry, const vintf::HalManifest *manifest) const;
+
+    // Helper function. Whether to list entries corresponding to a given HAL type.
+    bool shouldReportHalType(const HalType &type) const;
+
     Table mServicesTable{};
     Table mPassthroughRefTable{};
     Table mImplementationsTable{};
@@ -139,6 +153,10 @@
     // If true, explanatory text are not emitted.
     bool mNeat = false;
 
+    // Type(s) of HAL associations to list. By default, report all.
+    std::vector<HalType> mListTypes{HalType::BINDERIZED_SERVICES, HalType::PASSTHROUGH_CLIENTS,
+                                    HalType::PASSTHROUGH_LIBRARIES};
+
     // If an entry does not exist, need to ask /proc/{pid}/cmdline to get it.
     // If an entry exist but is an empty string, process might have died.
     // If an entry exist and not empty, it contains the cached content of /proc/{pid}/cmdline.
diff --git a/cmds/lshal/test.cpp b/cmds/lshal/test.cpp
index 4fa941e..3fc957b 100644
--- a/cmds/lshal/test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/lshal/test.cpp
@@ -418,62 +418,35 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(ListTest, DumpVintf) {
-    const std::string expected =
-        "<!-- \n"
-        "    This is a skeleton device manifest. Notes: \n" + ListCommand::INIT_VINTF_NOTES +
-        "-->\n"
-        "<manifest version=\"1.0\" type=\"device\">\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo1</name>\n"
-        "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>1.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>1</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo2</name>\n"
-        "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>2.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>2</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo3</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>3.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>3</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo4</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>4.0</version>\n"
-        "        <interface>\n"
-        "            <name>IFoo</name>\n"
-        "            <instance>4</instance>\n"
-        "        </interface>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo5</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>5.0</version>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
-        "        <name>a.h.foo6</name>\n"
-        "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
-        "        <version>6.0</version>\n"
-        "    </hal>\n"
-        "</manifest>\n";
+    const std::string expected = "<manifest version=\"1.0\" type=\"device\">\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo1</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@1.0::IFoo/1</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo2</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport>hwbinder</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@2.0::IFoo/2</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo3</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@3.0::IFoo/3</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "    <hal format=\"hidl\">\n"
+                                 "        <name>a.h.foo4</name>\n"
+                                 "        <transport arch=\"32\">passthrough</transport>\n"
+                                 "        <fqname>@4.0::IFoo/4</fqname>\n"
+                                 "    </hal>\n"
+                                 "</manifest>";
 
     optind = 1; // mimic Lshal::parseArg()
     EXPECT_EQ(0u, mockList->main(createArg({"lshal", "--init-vintf"})));
-    EXPECT_EQ(expected, out.str());
+    auto output = out.str();
+    EXPECT_THAT(output, HasSubstr(expected));
+    EXPECT_THAT(output, HasSubstr("a.h.foo5@5.0::IFoo/5"));
+    EXPECT_THAT(output, HasSubstr("a.h.foo6@6.0::IFoo/6"));
     EXPECT_EQ("", err.str());
 
     vintf::HalManifest m;
@@ -594,6 +567,90 @@
     EXPECT_EQ("", err.str());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ListTest, DumpSingleHalType) {
+    const std::string expected =
+        "[fake description 0]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport Arch Thread Use Server PTR              Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo1@1.0::IFoo/1 hwbinder  64   11/21      1      0000000000002711 2 4\n"
+        "a.h.foo2@2.0::IFoo/2 hwbinder  64   12/22      2      0000000000002712 3 5\n"
+        "\n";
+
+    optind = 1; // mimic Lshal::parseArg()
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, mockList->main(createArg({"lshal", "-itrepac", "--types=binderized"})));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected, out.str());
+    EXPECT_EQ("", err.str());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ListTest, DumpReorderedHalTypes) {
+    const std::string expected =
+        "[fake description 0]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport   Arch Thread Use Server PTR Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo3@3.0::IFoo/3 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 4 6\n"
+        "a.h.foo4@4.0::IFoo/4 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 5 7\n"
+        "\n"
+        "[fake description 1]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport   Arch Thread Use Server PTR Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo5@5.0::IFoo/5 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 6 8\n"
+        "a.h.foo6@6.0::IFoo/6 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 7 9\n"
+        "\n"
+        "[fake description 2]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport Arch Thread Use Server PTR              Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo1@1.0::IFoo/1 hwbinder  64   11/21      1      0000000000002711 2 4\n"
+        "a.h.foo2@2.0::IFoo/2 hwbinder  64   12/22      2      0000000000002712 3 5\n"
+        "\n";
+
+    optind = 1; // mimic Lshal::parseArg()
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, mockList->main(createArg({"lshal", "-itrepac", "--types=passthrough_clients",
+                                            "--types=passthrough_libs", "--types=binderized"})));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected, out.str());
+    EXPECT_EQ("", err.str());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ListTest, DumpAbbreviatedHalTypes) {
+    const std::string expected =
+        "[fake description 0]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport   Arch Thread Use Server PTR Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo3@3.0::IFoo/3 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 4 6\n"
+        "a.h.foo4@4.0::IFoo/4 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 5 7\n"
+        "\n"
+        "[fake description 1]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport   Arch Thread Use Server PTR Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo5@5.0::IFoo/5 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 6 8\n"
+        "a.h.foo6@6.0::IFoo/6 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 7 9\n"
+        "\n";
+
+    optind = 1; // mimic Lshal::parseArg()
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, mockList->main(createArg({"lshal", "-itrepac", "--types=c,l"})));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected, out.str());
+    EXPECT_EQ("", err.str());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ListTest, DumpEmptyAndDuplicateHalTypes) {
+    const std::string expected =
+        "[fake description 0]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport   Arch Thread Use Server PTR Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo3@3.0::IFoo/3 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 4 6\n"
+        "a.h.foo4@4.0::IFoo/4 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 5 7\n"
+        "\n"
+        "[fake description 1]\n"
+        "Interface            Transport   Arch Thread Use Server PTR Clients\n"
+        "a.h.foo5@5.0::IFoo/5 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 6 8\n"
+        "a.h.foo6@6.0::IFoo/6 passthrough 32   N/A        N/A    N/A 7 9\n"
+        "\n";
+
+    optind = 1; // mimic Lshal::parseArg()
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, mockList->main(createArg({"lshal", "-itrepac", "--types=c,l,,,l,l,c,",
+                                            "--types=passthrough_libs,passthrough_clients"})));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected, out.str());
+    EXPECT_EQ("", err.str());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ListTest, UnknownHalType) {
+    optind = 1; // mimic Lshal::parseArg()
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, mockList->main(createArg({"lshal", "-itrepac", "--types=c,a"})));
+    EXPECT_THAT(err.str(), HasSubstr("Unrecognized HAL type: a"));
+}
+
 class HelpTest : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
     void SetUp() override {
diff --git a/cmds/rawbu/Android.bp b/cmds/rawbu/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..363ffc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/rawbu/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "rawbu",
+
+    srcs: ["backup.cpp"],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: ["libcutils"],
+}
diff --git a/cmds/rawbu/Android.mk b/cmds/rawbu/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 9322151..0000000
--- a/cmds/rawbu/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2009 The Android Open Source Project
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= backup.cpp
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= rawbu
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/libs/binder/Static.cpp b/libs/binder/Static.cpp
index f0613d1..c3ba5a2 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Static.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Static.cpp
@@ -75,21 +75,6 @@
 Mutex gProcessMutex;
 sp<ProcessState> gProcess;
 
-class LibBinderIPCtStatics
-{
-public:
-    LibBinderIPCtStatics()
-    {
-    }
-    
-    ~LibBinderIPCtStatics()
-    {
-        IPCThreadState::shutdown();
-    }
-};
-
-static LibBinderIPCtStatics gIPCStatics;
-
 // ------------ IServiceManager.cpp
 
 Mutex gDefaultServiceManagerLock;
diff --git a/libs/ui/Fence.cpp b/libs/ui/Fence.cpp
index b67f4d9..eb88be1 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Fence.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/Fence.cpp
@@ -115,25 +115,25 @@
         return SIGNAL_TIME_INVALID;
     }
 
-    struct sync_fence_info_data* finfo = sync_fence_info(mFenceFd);
+    struct sync_file_info* finfo = sync_file_info(mFenceFd);
     if (finfo == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("sync_fence_info returned NULL for fd %d", mFenceFd);
+        ALOGE("sync_file_info returned NULL for fd %d", mFenceFd);
         return SIGNAL_TIME_INVALID;
     }
     if (finfo->status != 1) {
-        sync_fence_info_free(finfo);
+        sync_file_info_free(finfo);
         return SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING;
     }
 
-    struct sync_pt_info* pinfo = NULL;
     uint64_t timestamp = 0;
-    while ((pinfo = sync_pt_info(finfo, pinfo)) != NULL) {
-        if (pinfo->timestamp_ns > timestamp) {
-            timestamp = pinfo->timestamp_ns;
+    struct sync_fence_info* pinfo = sync_get_fence_info(finfo);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < finfo->num_fences; i++) {
+        if (pinfo[i].timestamp_ns > timestamp) {
+            timestamp = pinfo[i].timestamp_ns;
         }
     }
-    sync_fence_info_free(finfo);
 
+    sync_file_info_free(finfo);
     return nsecs_t(timestamp);
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
index a2287e1..a13160f 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
@@ -62,11 +62,9 @@
 }
 
 cc_test {
-    tags: ["optional"],
     srcs: ["bufferhub_tests.cpp"],
     static_libs: ["libbufferhub"] + staticLibraries,
     shared_libs: sharedLibraries,
     header_libs: headerLibraries,
     name: "bufferhub_tests",
 }
-
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
index d8a9b90..29e4ffe 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhubqueue/tests/Android.bp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
         "-Wno-error=sign-compare", // to fix later
     ],
     name: "buffer_hub_queue-test",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
 
 cc_test {
@@ -54,5 +53,4 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
     name: "buffer_hub_queue_producer-test",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
index 8213ca2..aa9f288 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdisplay/Android.bp
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 ]
 
 cc_library {
-    tags: ["tests"],
     srcs: sourceFiles,
     cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"libdisplay\"",
         "-DTRACE=0",
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp
index c7d808b..8e63d24 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvrcommon/Android.bp
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "libdvrcommon_test",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 
     srcs: testFiles,
     cflags: [
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
index 94f3f25..f4a9b99 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,5 @@
         "libtrace_proto",
         "libgmock"
     ],
-    tags: ["tests"],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"]
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
index 513fcc1..bb16c09 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
     name: "libvirtualtouchpad",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
 
 // Touchpad unit tests.
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@
     ],
     name: "VirtualTouchpad_test",
     stl: "libc++_static",
-    tags: ["optional"],
 }
 
 // Service.
@@ -96,7 +94,6 @@
     ],
     host_ldlibs: ["-llog"],
     name: "virtual_touchpad",
-    tags: ["optional"],
     init_rc: ["virtual_touchpad.rc"],
     compile_multilib: "64",
     stl: "libc++_static",
@@ -129,6 +126,5 @@
     ],
     host_ldlibs: ["-llog"],
     name: "libvirtualtouchpadclient",
-    tags: ["optional"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
diff --git a/vulkan/doc/README b/vulkan/doc/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1dc2e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vulkan/doc/README
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The former contents of implementors_guide/ are now at
+https://source.android.com/devices/graphics/implement-vulkan
diff --git a/vulkan/doc/implementors_guide/implementors_guide-docinfo.adoc b/vulkan/doc/implementors_guide/implementors_guide-docinfo.adoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 69b8c61..0000000
--- a/vulkan/doc/implementors_guide/implementors_guide-docinfo.adoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-<style type="text/css">
-
-code,div.listingblock {
-	max-width: 68em;
-}
-
-p {
-    max-width: 50em;
-}
-
-table {
-    max-width: 50em;
-}
-
-table.tableblock {
-  border-width: 1px;
-}
-
-h2 {
-    max-width: 35em;
-}
-
-</style>
diff --git a/vulkan/doc/implementors_guide/implementors_guide.adoc b/vulkan/doc/implementors_guide/implementors_guide.adoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 24af950..0000000
--- a/vulkan/doc/implementors_guide/implementors_guide.adoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-// asciidoc -b html5 -d book -f implementors_guide.conf implementors_guide.adoc
-= Vulkan on Android Implementor's Guide =
-:toc: right
-:numbered:
-:revnumber: 5
-
-This document is intended for GPU IHVs writing Vulkan drivers for Android, and OEMs integrating them for specific devices. It describes how a Vulkan driver interacts with the system, how GPU-specific tools should be installed, and Android-specific requirements.
-
-== Architecture ==
-
-The primary interface between Vulkan applications and a device's Vulkan driver is the loader, which is part of AOSP and installed at +/system/lib[64]/libvulkan.so+. The loader provides the core Vulkan API entry points, as well as entry points of a few extensions that are required on Android and always present. In particular, the window system integration (WSI) extensions are exported by the loader and primarily implemented in it rather than the driver. The loader also supports enumerating and loading layers which can expose additional extensions and/or intercept core API calls on their way to the driver.
-
-The NDK will include a stub +libvulkan.so+ exporting the same symbols as the loader. Calling the Vulkan functions exported from +libvulkan.so+ will enter trampoline functions in the loader which will dispatch to the appropriate layer or driver based on their first argument. The +vkGet*ProcAddr+ calls will return the function pointers that the trampolines would dispatch to, so calling through these function pointers rather than the exported symbols will be slightly more efficient since it skips the trampoline and dispatch.
-
-=== Driver Enumeration and Loading ===
-
-Android expects the GPUs available to the system to be known when the system image is built, so its driver enumeration process isn't as elaborate as on other platforms. The loader will use the existing HAL mechanism for discovering and loading the driver. As of this writing, the preferred paths for 32-bit and 64-bit Vulkan drivers are:
-
-    /vendor/lib/hw/vulkan.<ro.product.platform>.so
-    /vendor/lib64/hw/vulkan.<ro.product.platform>.so
-
-where +<ro.product.platform>+ is replaced by the value of the system property of that name. See https://android.googlesource.com/platform/hardware/libhardware/+/master/hardware.c[libhardware/hardware.c] for details and supported alternative locations.
-
-The Vulkan +hw_module_t+ derivative is currently trivial. If support for multiple drivers is ever added, the HAL module will export a list of strings that can be passed to the module +open+ call. For the time being, only one driver is supported, and the constant string +HWVULKAN_DEVICE_0+ is passed to +open+.
-
-The Vulkan +hw_device_t+ derivative corresponds to a single driver, though that driver can support multiple Vulkan physical devices. The +hw_device_t+ structure contains a function pointer for the +vkGetInstanceProcAddr+ function. The loader finds all other driver Vulkan functions by calling that +vkGetInstanceProcAddr+ function.
-
-=== Layer Discovery and Loading ===
-
-Android's security model and policies differ significantly from other platforms. In particular, Android does not allow loading external code into a non-debuggable process on production (non-rooted) devices, nor does it allow external code to inspect or control the process's memory/state/etc. This includes a prohibition on saving core dumps, API traces, etc. to disk for later inspection. So only layers delivered as part of the application will be enabled on production devices, and drivers must also not provide functionality that violates these policies.
-
-There are three major use cases for layers:
-
-1. Development-time layers: validation layers, shims for tracing/profiling/debugging tools, etc. These shouldn't be installed on the system image of production devices: they would be a waste of space for most users, and they should be updateable without requiring a system update. A developer wishing to use one of these during development has the ability to modify their application package (e.g. adding a file to their native libraries directory). IHV and OEM engineers who are trying to diagnose failures in shipping, unmodifiable apps are assumed to have access to non-production (rooted) builds of the system image.
-
-2. Utility layers, such as a layer that implements a heap for device memory. These layers will almost always expose extensions. Developers choose which layers, and which versions of those layers, to use in their application; different applications that use the same layer may still use different versions. Developers will choose which of these layers to ship in their application package.
-
-3. Injected layers, like framerate, social network, or game launcher overlays, which are provided by the user or some other application without the application's knowledge or consent. These violate Android's security policies and will not be supported.
-
-In the normal state the loader will only search in the application's normal library search path (as defined by the system ClassLoader) for layers. It will attempt to load any shared library named +libVkLayer_*.so+ as a layer library. Android does not use manifests to describe layers: because layers must have been deliberately included in the application by the developer, the motivation for manifests on other platforms don't apply.
-
-On debuggable devices (+ro.debuggable+ property exists and is non-zero, generally rooted or engineering builds) the loader will also search the directory +/data/local/debug/vulkan+ and attempt to load layer libraries it finds there. This directory doesn't exist by default. On Android N and later, because this location is writable by adb, SELinux policies prevent mapping code located here as executable. So to use layers from here, SELinux enforcement must be disabled: +adb shell setenforce 0+. This mechanism is not intended for application developers, only for IHV and OEM engineers working on test devices that don't have private or sensitive data.
-
-Our goal is to allow layers to be ported with only build-environment changes between Android and other platforms. For this to work, layers must properly implement things like +vkGetInstanceLayerProperties+ and +vkGetInstanceExtensionProperties+, even though the LunarG loader doesn't use them (it gets the information from manifests instead).
-
-== Window System Integration ==
-
-The +vk_wsi_swapchin+ and +vk_wsi_device_swapchain+ extensions are primarily be implemented by the platform and live in +libvulkan.so+. The +VkSwapchain+ object and all interaction with +ANativeWindow+ will be handled by the platform and not exposed to drivers. The WSI implementation will rely on a few private interfaces to the driver for this implementation. These will be loaded through the driver's +vkGetDeviceProcAddr+ functions, after passing through any enabled layers.
-
-Implementations may need swapchain buffers to be allocated with implementation-defined private gralloc usage flags that depend not only on +format+ and +imageUsage+, but also on the intended usage of the swapchain. The swapchain usage bits are defined as
-[source,c]
-----
-typedef enum VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagBitsANDROID {
-    VK_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_USAGE_SHARED_BIT_ANDROID = 0x00000001,
-    VK_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_USAGE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF
-} VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagBitsANDROID;
-typedef VkFlags VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagsANDROID;
-----
-
-Implementations may need swapchain buffers to be allocated with implementation-defined private gralloc usage flags. When creating a swapchain, the platform will ask the driver to translate the requested format and image usage flags into gralloc usage flags by calling
-[source,c]
-----
-VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID(
-    VkDevice            device,
-    VkFormat            format,
-    VkImageUsageFlags   imageUsage,
-    VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagsANDROID swapchainImageUsage,
-    uint64_t*           grallocConsumerUsage,
-    uint64_t*           grallocProducerUsage,
-);
-----
-The +format+ and +imageUsage+ parameters are taken from the +VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR+ structure. The driver should fill +*grallocConsumerUsage+ and +*grallocProducerUsage+ with the gralloc usage flags it requires for that format and usage. These will be combined with the usage flags requested by the swapchain consumer when allocating buffers.
-
-An older version of this function is deprecated but still supported for backwards compatibility; it will be used if +vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID+ is not supported:
-[source,c]
-----
-VkResult VKAPI vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID(
-    VkDevice            device,
-    VkFormat            format,
-    VkImageUsageFlags   imageUsage,
-    int*                grallocUsage
-);
-----
-
-+VkNativeBufferANDROID+ is a +vkCreateImage+ extension structure for creating an image backed by a gralloc buffer. This structure is provided to +vkCreateImage+ in the +VkImageCreateInfo+ structure chain. Calls to +vkCreateImage+ with this structure will happen during the first call to +vkGetSwapChainInfoWSI(.. VK_SWAP_CHAIN_INFO_TYPE_IMAGES_WSI ..)+. The WSI implementation will allocate the number of native buffers requested for the swapchain, then create a +VkImage+ for each one.
-
-[source,c]
-----
-typedef struct {
-    VkStructureType             sType; // must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_NATIVE_BUFFER_ANDROID
-    const void*                 pNext;
-
-    // Buffer handle and stride returned from gralloc alloc()
-    buffer_handle_t             handle;
-    int                         stride;
-
-    // Gralloc format and usage requested when the buffer was allocated.
-    int                         format;
-    int                         usage; // deprecated
-    struct {
-        uint64_t                consumer;
-        uint64_t                producer;
-    } usage2;
-} VkNativeBufferANDROID;
-----
-
-When creating a gralloc-backed image, the +VkImageCreateInfo+ will have:
-[source,txt]
-----
-  .imageType           = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D
-  .format              = a VkFormat matching the format requested for the gralloc buffer
-  .extent              = the 2D dimensions requested for the gralloc buffer
-  .mipLevels           = 1
-  .arraySize           = 1
-  .samples             = 1
-  .tiling              = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL
-  .usage               = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::imageUsageFlags
-  .flags               = 0
-  .sharingMode         = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::sharingMode
-  .queueFamilyCount    = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::queueFamilyCount
-  .pQueueFamilyIndices = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::pQueueFamilyIndices
-----
-
-Additionally, when any swapchain image usage flags are required for the swapchain, the platform will provide a +VkSwapchainImageCreateInfoANDROID+ extension structure in the +VkImageCreateInfo+ chain provided to +vkCreateImage+, containing the swapchain image usage flags:
-[source,c]
-----
-typedef struct {
-    VkStructureType                        sType; // must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO_ANDROID
-    const void*                            pNext;
-
-    VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagsANDROID      usage;
-} VkSwapchainImageCreateInfoANDROID;
-----
-
-+vkAcquireImageANDROID+ acquires ownership of a swapchain image and imports an
-externally-signalled native fence into both an existing VkSemaphore object
-and an existing VkFence object:
-
-[source,c]
-----
-VkResult VKAPI vkAcquireImageANDROID(
-    VkDevice            device,
-    VkImage             image,
-    int                 nativeFenceFd,
-    VkSemaphore         semaphore,
-    VkFence             fence
-);
-----
-
-This function is called during +vkAcquireNextImageWSI+ to import a native
-fence into the +VkSemaphore+ and +VkFence+ objects provided by the
-application. Both semaphore and fence objects are optional in this call. The
-driver may also use this opportunity to recognize and handle any external
-changes to the gralloc buffer state; many drivers won't need to do anything
-here. This call puts the +VkSemaphore+ and +VkFence+ into the same "pending"
-state as +vkQueueSignalSemaphore+ and +vkQueueSubmit+ respectively, so queues
-can wait on the semaphore and the application can wait on the fence. Both
-objects become signalled when the underlying native fence signals; if the
-native fence has already signalled, then the semaphore will be in the signalled
-state when this function returns. The driver takes ownership of the fence fd
-and is responsible for closing it when no longer needed. It must do so even if
-neither a semaphore or fence object is provided, or even if
-+vkAcquireImageANDROID+ fails and returns an error. If +fenceFd+ is -1, it
-is as if the native fence was already signalled.
-
-+vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID+ prepares a swapchain image for external use, and creates a native fence and schedules it to be signalled when prior work on the queue has completed.
-
-[source,c]
-----
-VkResult VKAPI vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID(
-    VkQueue             queue,
-    uint32_t            waitSemaphoreCount,
-    const VkSemaphore*  pWaitSemaphores,
-    VkImage             image,
-    int*                pNativeFenceFd
-);
-----
-
-This will be called during +vkQueuePresentWSI+ on the provided queue. Effects are similar to +vkQueueSignalSemaphore+, except with a native fence instead of a semaphore. The native fence must: not signal until the +waitSemaphoreCount+ semaphores in +pWaitSemaphores+ have signaled. Unlike +vkQueueSignalSemaphore+, however, this call creates and returns the synchronization object that will be signalled rather than having it provided as input. If the queue is already idle when this function is called, it is allowed but not required to set +*pNativeFenceFd+ to -1. The file descriptor returned in +*pNativeFenceFd+ is owned and will be closed by the caller. Many drivers will be able to ignore the +image+ parameter, but some may need to prepare CPU-side data structures associated with a gralloc buffer for use by external image consumers. Preparing buffer contents for use by external consumers should have been done asynchronously as part of transitioning the image to +VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR+.
-
-If +image+ was created with +VK_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_USAGE_SHARED_BIT_ANDROID+, then the driver must tolerate +vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID+ being called repeatedly without intervening calls to +vkAcquireImageANDROID+.
-
-== History ==
-
-. *2015-07-08* Initial version
-. *2015-08-16*
-   * Renamed to Implementor's Guide
-   * Wording and formatting changes
-   * Updated based on resolution of Khronos bug 14265
-   * Deferred support for multiple drivers
-. *2015-11-04*
-   * Added vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID
-   * Replaced vkImportNativeFenceANDROID and vkQueueSignalNativeFenceANDROID
-     with vkAcquireImageANDROID and vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID, to allow
-     drivers to known the ownership state of swapchain images.
-. *2015-12-03*
-   * Added a VkFence parameter to vkAcquireImageANDROID corresponding to the
-     parameter added to vkAcquireNextImageKHR.
-. *2016-01-08*
-   * Added waitSemaphoreCount and pWaitSemaphores parameters to vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID.
-. *2016-06-17*
-   * Updates to reflect final behavior, closed some TBDs now that they've BDed.
-. *2017-01-06*
-   * Extension version 6
-   * Added VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagBitsANDROID
-   * Added vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID
-   * Added VkSwapchainImageCreateInfoANDROID
-. *2017-02-09*
-   * Extended vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID and VkNativeBufferANDROID to use gralloc1-style usage bitfields.
\ No newline at end of file
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-<h1>Vulkan on Android Implementor&#8217;s Guide</h1>
-<span id="revnumber">version 5</span>
-<div id="toc">
-  <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
-  <noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="content">
-<div id="preamble">
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This document is intended for GPU IHVs writing Vulkan drivers for Android, and OEMs integrating them for specific devices. It describes how a Vulkan driver interacts with the system, how GPU-specific tools should be installed, and Android-specific requirements.</p></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect1">
-<h2 id="_architecture">1. Architecture</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The primary interface between Vulkan applications and a device&#8217;s Vulkan driver is the loader, which is part of AOSP and installed at <span class="monospaced">/system/lib[64]/libvulkan.so</span>. The loader provides the core Vulkan API entry points, as well as entry points of a few extensions that are required on Android and always present. In particular, the window system integration (WSI) extensions are exported by the loader and primarily implemented in it rather than the driver. The loader also supports enumerating and loading layers which can expose additional extensions and/or intercept core API calls on their way to the driver.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The NDK will include a stub <span class="monospaced">libvulkan.so</span> exporting the same symbols as the loader. Calling the Vulkan functions exported from <span class="monospaced">libvulkan.so</span> will enter trampoline functions in the loader which will dispatch to the appropriate layer or driver based on their first argument. The <span class="monospaced">vkGet*ProcAddr</span> calls will return the function pointers that the trampolines would dispatch to, so calling through these function pointers rather than the exported symbols will be slightly more efficient since it skips the trampoline and dispatch.</p></div>
-<div class="sect2">
-<h3 id="_driver_enumeration_and_loading">1.1. Driver Enumeration and Loading</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Android expects the GPUs available to the system to be known when the system image is built, so its driver enumeration process isn&#8217;t as elaborate as on other platforms. The loader will use the existing HAL mechanism for discovering and loading the driver. As of this writing, the preferred paths for 32-bit and 64-bit Vulkan drivers are:</p></div>
-<div class="literalblock">
-<div class="content monospaced">
-<pre>/vendor/lib/hw/vulkan.&lt;ro.product.platform&gt;.so
-/vendor/lib64/hw/vulkan.&lt;ro.product.platform&gt;.so</pre>
-</div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>where <span class="monospaced">&lt;ro.product.platform&gt;</span> is replaced by the value of the system property of that name. See <a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/hardware/libhardware/+/master/hardware.c">libhardware/hardware.c</a> for details and supported alternative locations.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The Vulkan <span class="monospaced">hw_module_t</span> derivative is currently trivial. If support for multiple drivers is ever added, the HAL module will export a list of strings that can be passed to the module <span class="monospaced">open</span> call. For the time being, only one driver is supported, and the constant string <span class="monospaced">HWVULKAN_DEVICE_0</span> is passed to <span class="monospaced">open</span>.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The Vulkan <span class="monospaced">hw_device_t</span> derivative corresponds to a single driver, though that driver can support multiple Vulkan physical devices. The <span class="monospaced">hw_device_t</span> structure contains a function pointer for the <span class="monospaced">vkGetInstanceProcAddr</span> function. The loader finds all other driver Vulkan functions by calling that <span class="monospaced">vkGetInstanceProcAddr</span> function.</p></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2">
-<h3 id="_layer_discovery_and_loading">1.2. Layer Discovery and Loading</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Android&#8217;s security model and policies differ significantly from other platforms. In particular, Android does not allow loading external code into a non-debuggable process on production (non-rooted) devices, nor does it allow external code to inspect or control the process&#8217;s memory/state/etc. This includes a prohibition on saving core dumps, API traces, etc. to disk for later inspection. So only layers delivered as part of the application will be enabled on production devices, and drivers must also not provide functionality that violates these policies.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>There are three major use cases for layers:</p></div>
-<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
-<li>
-<p>
-Development-time layers: validation layers, shims for tracing/profiling/debugging tools, etc. These shouldn&#8217;t be installed on the system image of production devices: they would be a waste of space for most users, and they should be updateable without requiring a system update. A developer wishing to use one of these during development has the ability to modify their application package (e.g. adding a file to their native libraries directory). IHV and OEM engineers who are trying to diagnose failures in shipping, unmodifiable apps are assumed to have access to non-production (rooted) builds of the system image.
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Utility layers, such as a layer that implements a heap for device memory. These layers will almost always expose extensions. Developers choose which layers, and which versions of those layers, to use in their application; different applications that use the same layer may still use different versions. Developers will choose which of these layers to ship in their application package.
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Injected layers, like framerate, social network, or game launcher overlays, which are provided by the user or some other application without the application&#8217;s knowledge or consent. These violate Android&#8217;s security policies and will not be supported.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ol></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>In the normal state the loader will only search in the application&#8217;s normal library search path (as defined by the system ClassLoader) for layers. It will attempt to load any shared library named <span class="monospaced">libVkLayer_*.so</span> as a layer library. Android does not use manifests to describe layers: because layers must have been deliberately included in the application by the developer, the motivation for manifests on other platforms don&#8217;t apply.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>On debuggable devices (<span class="monospaced">ro.debuggable</span> property exists and is non-zero, generally rooted or engineering builds) the loader will also search the directory <span class="monospaced">/data/local/debug/vulkan</span> and attempt to load layer libraries it finds there. This directory doesn&#8217;t exist by default. On Android N and later, because this location is writable by adb, SELinux policies prevent mapping code located here as executable. So to use layers from here, SELinux enforcement must be disabled: <span class="monospaced">adb shell setenforce 0</span>. This mechanism is not intended for application developers, only for IHV and OEM engineers working on test devices that don&#8217;t have private or sensitive data.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Our goal is to allow layers to be ported with only build-environment changes between Android and other platforms. For this to work, layers must properly implement things like <span class="monospaced">vkGetInstanceLayerProperties</span> and <span class="monospaced">vkGetInstanceExtensionProperties</span>, even though the LunarG loader doesn&#8217;t use them (it gets the information from manifests instead).</p></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect1">
-<h2 id="_window_system_integration">2. Window System Integration</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The <span class="monospaced">vk_wsi_swapchin</span> and <span class="monospaced">vk_wsi_device_swapchain</span> extensions are primarily be implemented by the platform and live in <span class="monospaced">libvulkan.so</span>. The <span class="monospaced">VkSwapchain</span> object and all interaction with <span class="monospaced">ANativeWindow</span> will be handled by the platform and not exposed to drivers. The WSI implementation will rely on a few private interfaces to the driver for this implementation. These will be loaded through the driver&#8217;s <span class="monospaced">vkGetDeviceProcAddr</span> functions, after passing through any enabled layers.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Implementations may need swapchain buffers to be allocated with implementation-defined private gralloc usage flags that depend not only on <span class="monospaced">format</span> and <span class="monospaced">imageUsage</span>, but also on the intended usage of the swapchain. The swapchain usage bits are defined as</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">typedef</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">enum</span></span> VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagBitsANDROID <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
-    VK_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_USAGE_SHARED_BIT_ANDROID <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #993399">0x00000001</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    VK_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_USAGE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #993399">0x7FFFFFFF</span>
-<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagBitsANDROID<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">typedef</span></span> <span style="color: #008080">VkFlags</span> VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagsANDROID<span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Implementations may need swapchain buffers to be allocated with implementation-defined private gralloc usage flags. When creating a swapchain, the platform will ask the driver to translate the requested format and image usage flags into gralloc usage flags by calling</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt>VKAPI_ATTR <span style="color: #008080">VkResult</span> <span style="color: #008080">VKAPI_CALL</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkDevice</span>            device<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkFormat</span>            format<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkImageUsageFlags</span>   imageUsage<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagsANDROID</span> swapchainImageUsage<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    uint64_t<span style="color: #990000">*</span>           grallocConsumerUsage<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    uint64_t<span style="color: #990000">*</span>           grallocProducerUsage<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-<span style="color: #990000">);</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The <span class="monospaced">format</span> and <span class="monospaced">imageUsage</span> parameters are taken from the <span class="monospaced">VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR</span> structure. The driver should fill <span class="monospaced">*grallocConsumerUsage</span> and <span class="monospaced">*grallocProducerUsage</span> with the gralloc usage flags it requires for that format and usage. These will be combined with the usage flags requested by the swapchain consumer when allocating buffers.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>An older version of this function is deprecated but still supported for backwards compatibility; it will be used if <span class="monospaced">vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID</span> is not supported:</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt>VkResult <span style="color: #008080">VKAPI</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkDevice</span>            device<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkFormat</span>            format<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkImageUsageFlags</span>   imageUsage<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #009900">int</span><span style="color: #990000">*</span>                grallocUsage
-<span style="color: #990000">);</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="monospaced">VkNativeBufferANDROID</span> is a <span class="monospaced">vkCreateImage</span> extension structure for creating an image backed by a gralloc buffer. This structure is provided to <span class="monospaced">vkCreateImage</span> in the <span class="monospaced">VkImageCreateInfo</span> structure chain. Calls to <span class="monospaced">vkCreateImage</span> with this structure will happen during the first call to <span class="monospaced">vkGetSwapChainInfoWSI(.. VK_SWAP_CHAIN_INFO_TYPE_IMAGES_WSI ..)</span>. The WSI implementation will allocate the number of native buffers requested for the swapchain, then create a <span class="monospaced">VkImage</span> for each one.</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">typedef</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">struct</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkStructureType</span>             sType<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_NATIVE_BUFFER_ANDROID</span></span>
-    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">const</span></span> <span style="color: #009900">void</span><span style="color: #990000">*</span>                 pNext<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-
-    <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// Buffer handle and stride returned from gralloc alloc()</span></span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">buffer_handle_t</span>             handle<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-    <span style="color: #009900">int</span>                         stride<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-
-    <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// Gralloc format and usage requested when the buffer was allocated.</span></span>
-    <span style="color: #009900">int</span>                         format<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-    <span style="color: #009900">int</span>                         usage<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// deprecated</span></span>
-    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">struct</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
-        <span style="color: #008080">uint64_t</span>                consumer<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-        <span style="color: #008080">uint64_t</span>                producer<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-    <span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> usage2<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> VkNativeBufferANDROID<span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When creating a gralloc-backed image, the <span class="monospaced">VkImageCreateInfo</span> will have:</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt>  .imageType           = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D
-  .format              = a VkFormat matching the format requested for the gralloc buffer
-  .extent              = the 2D dimensions requested for the gralloc buffer
-  .mipLevels           = 1
-  .arraySize           = 1
-  .samples             = 1
-  .tiling              = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL
-  .usage               = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::imageUsageFlags
-  .flags               = 0
-  .sharingMode         = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::sharingMode
-  .queueFamilyCount    = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::queueFamilyCount
-  .pQueueFamilyIndices = VkSwapChainCreateInfoWSI::pQueueFamilyIndices</tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, when any swapchain image usage flags are required for the swapchain, the platform will provide a <span class="monospaced">VkSwapchainImageCreateInfoANDROID</span> extension structure in the <span class="monospaced">VkImageCreateInfo</span> chain provided to <span class="monospaced">vkCreateImage</span>, containing the swapchain image usage flags:</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">typedef</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">struct</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkStructureType</span>                        sType<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO_ANDROID</span></span>
-    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">const</span></span> <span style="color: #009900">void</span><span style="color: #990000">*</span>                            pNext<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagsANDROID</span>      usage<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
-<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> VkSwapchainImageCreateInfoANDROID<span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="monospaced">vkAcquireImageANDROID</span> acquires ownership of a swapchain image and imports an
-externally-signalled native fence into both an existing VkSemaphore object
-and an existing VkFence object:</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt>VkResult <span style="color: #008080">VKAPI</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">vkAcquireImageANDROID</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkDevice</span>            device<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkImage</span>             image<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #009900">int</span>                 nativeFenceFd<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkSemaphore</span>         semaphore<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    VkFence             fence
-<span style="color: #990000">);</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This function is called during <span class="monospaced">vkAcquireNextImageWSI</span> to import a native
-fence into the <span class="monospaced">VkSemaphore</span> and <span class="monospaced">VkFence</span> objects provided by the
-application. Both semaphore and fence objects are optional in this call. The
-driver may also use this opportunity to recognize and handle any external
-changes to the gralloc buffer state; many drivers won&#8217;t need to do anything
-here. This call puts the <span class="monospaced">VkSemaphore</span> and <span class="monospaced">VkFence</span> into the same "pending"
-state as <span class="monospaced">vkQueueSignalSemaphore</span> and <span class="monospaced">vkQueueSubmit</span> respectively, so queues
-can wait on the semaphore and the application can wait on the fence. Both
-objects become signalled when the underlying native fence signals; if the
-native fence has already signalled, then the semaphore will be in the signalled
-state when this function returns. The driver takes ownership of the fence fd
-and is responsible for closing it when no longer needed. It must do so even if
-neither a semaphore or fence object is provided, or even if
-<span class="monospaced">vkAcquireImageANDROID</span> fails and returns an error. If <span class="monospaced">fenceFd</span> is -1, it
-is as if the native fence was already signalled.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="monospaced">vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID</span> prepares a swapchain image for external use, and creates a native fence and schedules it to be signalled when prior work on the queue has completed.</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.6
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt>VkResult <span style="color: #008080">VKAPI</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkQueue</span>             queue<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">uint32_t</span>            waitSemaphoreCount<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">const</span></span> VkSemaphore<span style="color: #990000">*</span>  pWaitSemaphores<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #008080">VkImage</span>             image<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
-    <span style="color: #009900">int</span><span style="color: #990000">*</span>                pNativeFenceFd
-<span style="color: #990000">);</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This will be called during <span class="monospaced">vkQueuePresentWSI</span> on the provided queue. Effects are similar to <span class="monospaced">vkQueueSignalSemaphore</span>, except with a native fence instead of a semaphore. The native fence must: not signal until the <span class="monospaced">waitSemaphoreCount</span> semaphores in <span class="monospaced">pWaitSemaphores</span> have signaled. Unlike <span class="monospaced">vkQueueSignalSemaphore</span>, however, this call creates and returns the synchronization object that will be signalled rather than having it provided as input. If the queue is already idle when this function is called, it is allowed but not required to set <span class="monospaced">*pNativeFenceFd</span> to -1. The file descriptor returned in <span class="monospaced">*pNativeFenceFd</span> is owned and will be closed by the caller. Many drivers will be able to ignore the <span class="monospaced">image</span> parameter, but some may need to prepare CPU-side data structures associated with a gralloc buffer for use by external image consumers. Preparing buffer contents for use by external consumers should have been done asynchronously as part of transitioning the image to <span class="monospaced">VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR</span>.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If <span class="monospaced">image</span> was created with <span class="monospaced">VK_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_USAGE_SHARED_BIT_ANDROID</span>, then the driver must tolerate <span class="monospaced">vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID</span> being called repeatedly without intervening calls to <span class="monospaced">vkAcquireImageANDROID</span>.</p></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect1">
-<h2 id="_history">3. History</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2015-07-08</strong> Initial version
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2015-08-16</strong>
-</p>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Renamed to Implementor&#8217;s Guide
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Wording and formatting changes
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Updated based on resolution of Khronos bug 14265
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Deferred support for multiple drivers
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2015-11-04</strong>
-</p>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Added vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsageANDROID
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Replaced vkImportNativeFenceANDROID and vkQueueSignalNativeFenceANDROID
-     with vkAcquireImageANDROID and vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID, to allow
-     drivers to known the ownership state of swapchain images.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2015-12-03</strong>
-</p>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Added a VkFence parameter to vkAcquireImageANDROID corresponding to the
-     parameter added to vkAcquireNextImageKHR.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2016-01-08</strong>
-</p>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Added waitSemaphoreCount and pWaitSemaphores parameters to vkQueueSignalReleaseImageANDROID.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2016-06-17</strong>
-</p>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Updates to reflect final behavior, closed some TBDs now that they&#8217;ve BDed.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2017-01-06</strong>
-</p>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Extension version 6
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Added VkSwapchainImageUsageFlagBitsANDROID
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Added vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Added VkSwapchainImageCreateInfoANDROID
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>2017-02-09</strong>
-</p>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Extended vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID and VkNativeBufferANDROID to use gralloc1-style usage bitfields.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</li>
-</ol></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="footnotes"><hr></div>
-<div id="footer">
-<div id="footer-text">
-Version 5<br>
-Last updated 2017-02-09 22:40:30 PST
-</div>
-</div>
-</body>
-</html>