diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index dc0e26b..5cd5805 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -1750,6 +1750,20 @@
 
     RunCommand("SYSTEM PROPERTIES", {"getprop"});
 
+    DumpFile("SYSTEM BUILD-TIME RELEASE FLAGS", "/system/etc/build_flags.json");
+    DumpFile("SYSTEM_EXT BUILD-TIME RELEASE FLAGS", "/system_ext/etc/build_flags.json");
+    DumpFile("PRODUCT BUILD-TIME RELEASE FLAGS", "/product/etc/build_flags.json");
+    DumpFile("VENDOR BUILD-TIME RELEASE FLAGS", "/vendor/etc/build_flags.json");
+
+    DumpFile("SYSTEM BUILD-TIME ACONFIG FLAGS (check dumpstate build_config for runtime values)",
+            "/system/etc/aconfig_flags.textproto");
+    DumpFile("SYSTEM_EXT BUILD-TIME ACONFIG FLAGS (check dumpstate build_config for runtime"
+            " values)", "/system_ext/etc/aconfig_flags.textproto");
+    DumpFile("PRODUCT BUILD-TIME ACONFIG FLAGS (check dumpstate build_config for runtime values)",
+            "/product/etc/aconfig_flags.textproto");
+    DumpFile("VENDOR BUILD-TIME ACONFIG FLAGS (check dumpstate build_config for runtime values)",
+            "/vendor/etc/aconfig_flags.textproto");
+
     RunCommand("STORAGED IO INFO", {"storaged", "-u", "-p"});
 
     RunCommand("FILESYSTEMS & FREE SPACE", {"df"});
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
index c6132e8..b302f52 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
@@ -236,6 +236,16 @@
     }                                                       \
 }
 
+// we could have tighter checks, but this is only to avoid hard errors. Negative values are defined
+// in UserHandle.java and carry specific meanings that may not be handled by certain APIs here.
+#define ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId)                                     \
+    {                                                                  \
+        if (static_cast<uid_t>(std::abs(userId)) >=                    \
+            std::numeric_limits<uid_t>::max() / AID_USER_OFFSET) {     \
+            return error("userId invalid: " + std::to_string(userId)); \
+        }                                                              \
+    }
+
 #define CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid) {                         \
     binder::Status status = checkArgumentUuid((uuid));      \
     if (!status.isOk()) {                                   \
@@ -696,6 +706,7 @@
         int32_t flags, int32_t appId, int32_t previousAppId, const std::string& seInfo,
         int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
 
@@ -790,6 +801,8 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createSdkSandboxDataPackageDirectory(
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
         int32_t appId, int32_t flags) {
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
+
     int32_t sdkSandboxUid = multiuser_get_sdk_sandbox_uid(userId, appId);
     if (sdkSandboxUid == -1) {
         // There no valid sdk sandbox process for this app. Skip creation of data directory
@@ -828,6 +841,7 @@
         int32_t flags, int32_t appId, int32_t previousAppId, const std::string& seInfo,
         int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -839,6 +853,7 @@
         const android::os::CreateAppDataArgs& args,
         android::os::CreateAppDataResult* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(args.userId);
     // Locking is performed depeer in the callstack.
 
     int64_t ceDataInode = -1;
@@ -854,6 +869,10 @@
         const std::vector<android::os::CreateAppDataArgs>& args,
         std::vector<android::os::CreateAppDataResult>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    for (const auto& arg : args) {
+        ENFORCE_VALID_USER(arg.userId);
+    }
+
     // Locking is performed depeer in the callstack.
 
     std::vector<android::os::CreateAppDataResult> results;
@@ -868,6 +887,7 @@
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::reconcileSdkData(
         const android::os::ReconcileSdkDataArgs& args) {
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(args.userId);
     // Locking is performed depeer in the callstack.
 
     return reconcileSdkData(args.uuid, args.packageName, args.subDirNames, args.userId, args.appId,
@@ -891,6 +911,7 @@
                                                        int userId, int appId, int previousAppId,
                                                        const std::string& seInfo, int flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -974,6 +995,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::migrateAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -1041,6 +1063,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::clearAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int64_t ceDataInode) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -1132,6 +1155,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::clearSdkSandboxDataPackageDirectory(
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
         int32_t flags) {
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
     const char* pkgname = packageName.c_str();
 
@@ -1218,6 +1242,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int64_t ceDataInode) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -1288,6 +1313,8 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroySdkSandboxDataPackageDirectory(
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
         int32_t flags) {
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
+
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
     const char* pkgname = packageName.c_str();
 
@@ -1435,6 +1462,7 @@
                                                       int32_t userId, int32_t snapshotId,
                                                       int32_t storageFlags, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID_IS_TEST_OR_NULL(volumeUuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -1569,6 +1597,7 @@
         const int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo, const int32_t userId,
         const int32_t snapshotId, int32_t storageFlags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID_IS_TEST_OR_NULL(volumeUuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -1641,6 +1670,7 @@
         const int32_t userId, const int64_t ceSnapshotInode, const int32_t snapshotId,
         int32_t storageFlags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID_IS_TEST_OR_NULL(volumeUuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -1674,6 +1704,7 @@
         const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid, const int32_t userId,
         const std::vector<int32_t>& retainSnapshotIds) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID_IS_TEST_OR_NULL(volumeUuid);
     LOCK_USER();
 
@@ -1864,6 +1895,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createUserData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     LOCK_USER();
 
@@ -1884,6 +1916,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyUserData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     LOCK_USER();
 
@@ -2671,6 +2704,7 @@
         int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
         std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     // NOTE: Locking is relaxed on this method, since it's limited to
     // read-only measurements without mutation.
@@ -2806,6 +2840,7 @@
         int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
         std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     // NOTE: Locking is relaxed on this method, since it's limited to
     // read-only measurements without mutation.
@@ -2926,6 +2961,7 @@
         const std::vector<std::string>& packageNames, int32_t userId,
         std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<CrateMetadata>>>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     for (const auto& packageName : packageNames) {
         CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
@@ -2975,6 +3011,7 @@
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
         std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<CrateMetadata>>>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
 #ifdef ENABLE_STORAGE_CRATES
     LOCK_USER();
@@ -3018,6 +3055,7 @@
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::setAppQuota(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t appId, int64_t cacheQuota) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mQuotasLock);
 
@@ -3261,6 +3299,7 @@
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int32_t appId,
         const std::string& seInfo) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -3271,6 +3310,7 @@
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
         int32_t flags, int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
 
@@ -3302,6 +3342,7 @@
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId,
         int32_t flags, int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
 
@@ -3753,6 +3794,7 @@
         int32_t userId, int32_t appId, const std::string& profileName, const std::string& codePath,
         const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadata, bool* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(codePath);
     LOCK_PACKAGE_USER();
@@ -3775,6 +3817,7 @@
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::cleanupInvalidPackageDirs(
         const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId, int32_t flags) {
+    ENFORCE_VALID_USER(userId);
     const char* uuid_cstr = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
     if (flags & FLAG_STORAGE_CE) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs
index 81f68f5..6fda878 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/server.rs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
     pub struct RpcServerRef;
 }
 
-/// SAFETY - The opaque handle can be cloned freely.
+/// SAFETY: The opaque handle can be cloned freely.
 unsafe impl Send for RpcServer {}
-/// SAFETY - The underlying C++ RpcServer class is thread-safe.
+/// SAFETY: The underlying C++ RpcServer class is thread-safe.
 unsafe impl Sync for RpcServer {}
 
 impl RpcServer {
@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@
     /// Creates a binder RPC server, serving the supplied binder service implementation on the given
     /// socket file descriptor. The socket should be bound to an address before calling this
     /// function.
-    pub fn new_bound_socket(mut service: SpIBinder, socket_fd: OwnedFd) -> Result<RpcServer, Error> {
+    pub fn new_bound_socket(
+        mut service: SpIBinder,
+        socket_fd: OwnedFd,
+    ) -> Result<RpcServer, Error> {
         let service = service.as_native_mut();
 
         // SAFETY: Service ownership is transferring to the server and won't be valid afterward.
@@ -67,7 +70,8 @@
         // The server takes ownership of the socket FD.
         unsafe {
             Self::checked_from_ptr(binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_newBoundSocket(
-                service, socket_fd.into_raw_fd(),
+                service,
+                socket_fd.into_raw_fd(),
             ))
         }
     }
@@ -120,7 +124,9 @@
         if ptr.is_null() {
             return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "Failed to start server"));
         }
-        Ok(RpcServer::from_ptr(ptr))
+        // SAFETY: Our caller must pass us a valid or null pointer, and we've checked that it's not
+        // null.
+        Ok(unsafe { RpcServer::from_ptr(ptr) })
     }
 }
 
@@ -130,7 +136,7 @@
         &self,
         modes: &[FileDescriptorTransportMode],
     ) {
-        // SAFETY - Does not keep the pointer after returning does, nor does it
+        // SAFETY: Does not keep the pointer after returning does, nor does it
         // read past its boundary. Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
         unsafe {
             binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_setSupportedFileDescriptorTransportModes(
@@ -143,18 +149,21 @@
 
     /// Starts a new background thread and calls join(). Returns immediately.
     pub fn start(&self) {
+        // SAFETY: RpcServerRef wraps a valid pointer to an ARpcServer.
         unsafe { binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_start(self.as_ptr()) };
     }
 
     /// Joins the RpcServer thread. The call blocks until the server terminates.
     /// This must be called from exactly one thread.
     pub fn join(&self) {
+        // SAFETY: RpcServerRef wraps a valid pointer to an ARpcServer.
         unsafe { binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_join(self.as_ptr()) };
     }
 
     /// Shuts down the running RpcServer. Can be called multiple times and from
     /// multiple threads. Called automatically during drop().
     pub fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // SAFETY: RpcServerRef wraps a valid pointer to an ARpcServer.
         if unsafe { binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcServer_shutdown(self.as_ptr()) } {
             Ok(())
         } else {
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs
index 28c5390..79a9510 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/rpcbinder/src/session.rs
@@ -36,15 +36,15 @@
     pub struct RpcSessionRef;
 }
 
-/// SAFETY - The opaque handle can be cloned freely.
+/// SAFETY: The opaque handle can be cloned freely.
 unsafe impl Send for RpcSession {}
-/// SAFETY - The underlying C++ RpcSession class is thread-safe.
+/// SAFETY: The underlying C++ RpcSession class is thread-safe.
 unsafe impl Sync for RpcSession {}
 
 impl RpcSession {
     /// Allocates a new RpcSession object.
     pub fn new() -> RpcSession {
-        // SAFETY - Takes ownership of the returned handle, which has correct refcount.
+        // SAFETY: Takes ownership of the returned handle, which has correct refcount.
         unsafe { RpcSession::from_ptr(binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcSession_new()) }
     }
 }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 impl RpcSessionRef {
     /// Sets the file descriptor transport mode for this session.
     pub fn set_file_descriptor_transport_mode(&self, mode: FileDescriptorTransportMode) {
-        // SAFETY - Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
+        // SAFETY: Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
         unsafe {
             binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcSession_setFileDescriptorTransportMode(
                 self.as_ptr(),
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
     /// Sets the maximum number of incoming threads.
     pub fn set_max_incoming_threads(&self, threads: usize) {
-        // SAFETY - Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
+        // SAFETY: Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
         unsafe {
             binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcSession_setMaxIncomingThreads(self.as_ptr(), threads)
         };
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 
     /// Sets the maximum number of outgoing connections.
     pub fn set_max_outgoing_connections(&self, connections: usize) {
-        // SAFETY - Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
+        // SAFETY: Only passes the 'self' pointer as an opaque handle.
         unsafe {
             binder_rpc_unstable_bindgen::ARpcSession_setMaxOutgoingConnections(
                 self.as_ptr(),
@@ -210,10 +210,10 @@
 type RequestFd<'a> = &'a mut dyn FnMut() -> Option<RawFd>;
 
 unsafe extern "C" fn request_fd_wrapper(param: *mut c_void) -> c_int {
+    let request_fd_ptr = param as *mut RequestFd;
     // SAFETY: This is only ever called by RpcPreconnectedClient, within the lifetime of the
     // BinderFdFactory reference, with param being a properly aligned non-null pointer to an
     // initialized instance.
-    let request_fd_ptr = param as *mut RequestFd;
-    let request_fd = request_fd_ptr.as_mut().unwrap();
+    let request_fd = unsafe { request_fd_ptr.as_mut().unwrap() };
     request_fd().unwrap_or(-1)
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
index b90b40b..0bd0781 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@
 
 /// Interface stability promise
 ///
-/// An interface can promise to be a stable vendor interface ([`Vintf`]), or
-/// makes no stability guarantees ([`Local`]). [`Local`] is
+/// An interface can promise to be a stable vendor interface ([`Stability::Vintf`]),
+/// or makes no stability guarantees ([`Stability::Local`]). [`Stability::Local`] is
 /// currently the default stability.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
 pub enum Stability {
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@
 /// via `Binder::new(object)`.
 ///
 /// This is a low-level interface that should normally be automatically
-/// generated from AIDL via the [`declare_binder_interface!`] macro. When using
-/// the AIDL backend, users need only implement the high-level AIDL-defined
+/// generated from AIDL via the [`crate::declare_binder_interface!`] macro.
+/// When using the AIDL backend, users need only implement the high-level AIDL-defined
 /// interface. The AIDL compiler then generates a container struct that wraps
 /// the user-defined service and implements `Remotable`.
 pub trait Remotable: Send + Sync {
@@ -260,7 +260,14 @@
     /// Trying to use this function on a local binder will result in an
     /// INVALID_OPERATION code being returned and nothing happening.
     ///
-    /// This link always holds a weak reference to its recipient.
+    /// This link only holds a weak reference to its recipient. If the
+    /// `DeathRecipient` is dropped then it will be unlinked.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the notifications won't work if you don't first start at least
+    /// one Binder thread by calling
+    /// [`ProcessState::start_thread_pool`](crate::ProcessState::start_thread_pool)
+    /// or
+    /// [`ProcessState::join_thread_pool`](crate::ProcessState::join_thread_pool).
     fn link_to_death(&mut self, recipient: &mut DeathRecipient) -> Result<()>;
 
     /// Remove a previously registered death notification.
@@ -290,18 +297,17 @@
     /// Note: the returned pointer will not be constant. Calling this method
     /// multiple times for the same type will result in distinct class
     /// pointers. A static getter for this value is implemented in
-    /// [`declare_binder_interface!`].
+    /// [`crate::declare_binder_interface!`].
     pub fn new<I: InterfaceClassMethods>() -> InterfaceClass {
         let descriptor = CString::new(I::get_descriptor()).unwrap();
+        // Safety: `AIBinder_Class_define` expects a valid C string, and three
+        // valid callback functions, all non-null pointers. The C string is
+        // copied and need not be valid for longer than the call, so we can drop
+        // it after the call. We can safely assign null to the onDump and
+        // handleShellCommand callbacks as long as the class pointer was
+        // non-null. Rust None for a Option<fn> is guaranteed to be a NULL
+        // pointer. Rust retains ownership of the pointer after it is defined.
         let ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `AIBinder_Class_define` expects a valid C string, and
-            // three valid callback functions, all non-null pointers. The C
-            // string is copied and need not be valid for longer than the call,
-            // so we can drop it after the call. We can safely assign null to
-            // the onDump and handleShellCommand callbacks as long as the class
-            // pointer was non-null. Rust None for a Option<fn> is guaranteed to
-            // be a NULL pointer. Rust retains ownership of the pointer after it
-            // is defined.
             let class = sys::AIBinder_Class_define(
                 descriptor.as_ptr(),
                 Some(I::on_create),
@@ -331,13 +337,12 @@
 
     /// Get the interface descriptor string of this class.
     pub fn get_descriptor(&self) -> String {
+        // SAFETY: The descriptor returned by AIBinder_Class_getDescriptor is
+        // always a two-byte null terminated sequence of u16s. Thus, we can
+        // continue reading from the pointer until we hit a null value, and this
+        // pointer can be a valid slice if the slice length is <= the number of
+        // u16 elements before the null terminator.
         unsafe {
-            // SAFETY: The descriptor returned by AIBinder_Class_getDescriptor
-            // is always a two-byte null terminated sequence of u16s. Thus, we
-            // can continue reading from the pointer until we hit a null value,
-            // and this pointer can be a valid slice if the slice length is <=
-            // the number of u16 elements before the null terminator.
-
             let raw_descriptor: *const c_char = sys::AIBinder_Class_getDescriptor(self.0);
             CStr::from_ptr(raw_descriptor)
                 .to_str()
@@ -535,17 +540,15 @@
             static CLASS_INIT: std::sync::Once = std::sync::Once::new();
             static mut CLASS: Option<$crate::binder_impl::InterfaceClass> = None;
 
+            // Safety: This assignment is guarded by the `CLASS_INIT` `Once`
+            // variable, and therefore is thread-safe, as it can only occur
+            // once.
             CLASS_INIT.call_once(|| unsafe {
-                // Safety: This assignment is guarded by the `CLASS_INIT` `Once`
-                // variable, and therefore is thread-safe, as it can only occur
-                // once.
                 CLASS = Some($constructor);
             });
-            unsafe {
-                // Safety: The `CLASS` variable can only be mutated once, above,
-                // and is subsequently safe to read from any thread.
-                CLASS.unwrap()
-            }
+            // Safety: The `CLASS` variable can only be mutated once, above, and
+            // is subsequently safe to read from any thread.
+            unsafe { CLASS.unwrap() }
         }
     };
 }
@@ -657,6 +660,8 @@
     fn as_native_mut(&mut self) -> *mut T;
 }
 
+// Safety: If V is a valid Android C++ type then we can either use that or a
+// null pointer.
 unsafe impl<T, V: AsNative<T>> AsNative<T> for Option<V> {
     fn as_native(&self) -> *const T {
         self.as_ref().map_or(ptr::null(), |v| v.as_native())
@@ -917,15 +922,15 @@
                 static CLASS_INIT: std::sync::Once = std::sync::Once::new();
                 static mut CLASS: Option<$crate::binder_impl::InterfaceClass> = None;
 
+                // Safety: This assignment is guarded by the `CLASS_INIT` `Once`
+                // variable, and therefore is thread-safe, as it can only occur
+                // once.
                 CLASS_INIT.call_once(|| unsafe {
-                    // Safety: This assignment is guarded by the `CLASS_INIT` `Once`
-                    // variable, and therefore is thread-safe, as it can only occur
-                    // once.
                     CLASS = Some($crate::binder_impl::InterfaceClass::new::<$crate::binder_impl::Binder<$native>>());
                 });
+                // Safety: The `CLASS` variable can only be mutated once, above,
+                // and is subsequently safe to read from any thread.
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: The `CLASS` variable can only be mutated once, above,
-                    // and is subsequently safe to read from any thread.
                     CLASS.unwrap()
                 }
             }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/error.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/error.rs
index ba26062..8d9ce0e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/error.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/error.rs
@@ -112,41 +112,35 @@
 impl Status {
     /// Create a status object representing a successful transaction.
     pub fn ok() -> Self {
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `AStatus_newOk` always returns a new, heap allocated
-            // pointer to an `ASTatus` object, so we know this pointer will be
-            // valid.
-            //
-            // Rust takes ownership of the returned pointer.
-            sys::AStatus_newOk()
-        };
+        // Safety: `AStatus_newOk` always returns a new, heap allocated
+        // pointer to an `ASTatus` object, so we know this pointer will be
+        // valid.
+        //
+        // Rust takes ownership of the returned pointer.
+        let ptr = unsafe { sys::AStatus_newOk() };
         Self(ptr::NonNull::new(ptr).expect("Unexpected null AStatus pointer"))
     }
 
     /// Create a status object from a service specific error
     pub fn new_service_specific_error(err: i32, message: Option<&CStr>) -> Status {
         let ptr = if let Some(message) = message {
-            unsafe {
-                // Safety: Any i32 is a valid service specific error for the
-                // error code parameter. We construct a valid, null-terminated
-                // `CString` from the message, which must be a valid C-style
-                // string to pass as the message. This function always returns a
-                // new, heap allocated pointer to an `AStatus` object, so we
-                // know the returned pointer will be valid.
-                //
-                // Rust takes ownership of the returned pointer.
-                sys::AStatus_fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(err, message.as_ptr())
-            }
+            // Safety: Any i32 is a valid service specific error for the
+            // error code parameter. We construct a valid, null-terminated
+            // `CString` from the message, which must be a valid C-style
+            // string to pass as the message. This function always returns a
+            // new, heap allocated pointer to an `AStatus` object, so we
+            // know the returned pointer will be valid.
+            //
+            // Rust takes ownership of the returned pointer.
+            unsafe { sys::AStatus_fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(err, message.as_ptr()) }
         } else {
-            unsafe {
-                // Safety: Any i32 is a valid service specific error for the
-                // error code parameter. This function always returns a new,
-                // heap allocated pointer to an `AStatus` object, so we know the
-                // returned pointer will be valid.
-                //
-                // Rust takes ownership of the returned pointer.
-                sys::AStatus_fromServiceSpecificError(err)
-            }
+            // Safety: Any i32 is a valid service specific error for the
+            // error code parameter. This function always returns a new,
+            // heap allocated pointer to an `AStatus` object, so we know the
+            // returned pointer will be valid.
+            //
+            // Rust takes ownership of the returned pointer.
+            unsafe { sys::AStatus_fromServiceSpecificError(err) }
         };
         Self(ptr::NonNull::new(ptr).expect("Unexpected null AStatus pointer"))
     }
@@ -159,6 +153,8 @@
     /// Create a status object from an exception code
     pub fn new_exception(exception: ExceptionCode, message: Option<&CStr>) -> Status {
         if let Some(message) = message {
+            // Safety: the C string pointer is valid and not retained by the
+            // function.
             let ptr = unsafe {
                 sys::AStatus_fromExceptionCodeWithMessage(exception as i32, message.as_ptr())
             };
@@ -187,37 +183,31 @@
 
     /// Returns `true` if this status represents a successful transaction.
     pub fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
-            // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_isOk` here.
-            sys::AStatus_isOk(self.as_native())
-        }
+        // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
+        // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_isOk` here.
+        unsafe { sys::AStatus_isOk(self.as_native()) }
     }
 
     /// Returns a description of the status.
     pub fn get_description(&self) -> String {
-        let description_ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
-            // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_getDescription`
-            // here.
-            //
-            // `AStatus_getDescription` always returns a valid pointer to a null
-            // terminated C string. Rust is responsible for freeing this pointer
-            // via `AStatus_deleteDescription`.
-            sys::AStatus_getDescription(self.as_native())
-        };
-        let description = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `AStatus_getDescription` always returns a valid C string,
-            // which can be safely converted to a `CStr`.
-            CStr::from_ptr(description_ptr)
-        };
+        // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
+        // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_getDescription`
+        // here.
+        //
+        // `AStatus_getDescription` always returns a valid pointer to a null
+        // terminated C string. Rust is responsible for freeing this pointer
+        // via `AStatus_deleteDescription`.
+        let description_ptr = unsafe { sys::AStatus_getDescription(self.as_native()) };
+        // Safety: `AStatus_getDescription` always returns a valid C string,
+        // which can be safely converted to a `CStr`.
+        let description = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(description_ptr) };
         let description = description.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        // Safety: `description_ptr` was returned from
+        // `AStatus_getDescription` above, and must be freed via
+        // `AStatus_deleteDescription`. We must not access the pointer after
+        // this call, so we copy it into an owned string above and return
+        // that string.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `description_ptr` was returned from
-            // `AStatus_getDescription` above, and must be freed via
-            // `AStatus_deleteDescription`. We must not access the pointer after
-            // this call, so we copy it into an owned string above and return
-            // that string.
             sys::AStatus_deleteDescription(description_ptr);
         }
         description
@@ -225,12 +215,10 @@
 
     /// Returns the exception code of the status.
     pub fn exception_code(&self) -> ExceptionCode {
-        let code = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
-            // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_getExceptionCode`
-            // here.
-            sys::AStatus_getExceptionCode(self.as_native())
-        };
+        // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
+        // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_getExceptionCode`
+        // here.
+        let code = unsafe { sys::AStatus_getExceptionCode(self.as_native()) };
         parse_exception_code(code)
     }
 
@@ -241,11 +229,9 @@
     /// exception or a service specific error. To find out if this transaction
     /// as a whole is okay, use [`is_ok`](Self::is_ok) instead.
     pub fn transaction_error(&self) -> StatusCode {
-        let code = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
-            // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_getStatus` here.
-            sys::AStatus_getStatus(self.as_native())
-        };
+        // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
+        // are always passing a valid pointer to `AStatus_getStatus` here.
+        let code = unsafe { sys::AStatus_getStatus(self.as_native()) };
         parse_status_code(code)
     }
 
@@ -258,12 +244,10 @@
     /// find out if this transaction as a whole is okay, use
     /// [`is_ok`](Self::is_ok) instead.
     pub fn service_specific_error(&self) -> i32 {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
-            // are always passing a valid pointer to
-            // `AStatus_getServiceSpecificError` here.
-            sys::AStatus_getServiceSpecificError(self.as_native())
-        }
+        // Safety: `Status` always contains a valid `AStatus` pointer, so we
+        // are always passing a valid pointer to
+        // `AStatus_getServiceSpecificError` here.
+        unsafe { sys::AStatus_getServiceSpecificError(self.as_native()) }
     }
 
     /// Calls `op` if the status was ok, otherwise returns an `Err` value of
@@ -321,24 +305,20 @@
 
 impl From<status_t> for Status {
     fn from(status: status_t) -> Status {
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `AStatus_fromStatus` expects any `status_t` integer, so
-            // this is a safe FFI call. Unknown values will be coerced into
-            // UNKNOWN_ERROR.
-            sys::AStatus_fromStatus(status)
-        };
+        // Safety: `AStatus_fromStatus` expects any `status_t` integer, so
+        // this is a safe FFI call. Unknown values will be coerced into
+        // UNKNOWN_ERROR.
+        let ptr = unsafe { sys::AStatus_fromStatus(status) };
         Self(ptr::NonNull::new(ptr).expect("Unexpected null AStatus pointer"))
     }
 }
 
 impl From<ExceptionCode> for Status {
     fn from(code: ExceptionCode) -> Status {
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `AStatus_fromExceptionCode` expects any
-            // `binder_exception_t` (i32) integer, so this is a safe FFI call.
-            // Unknown values will be coerced into EX_TRANSACTION_FAILED.
-            sys::AStatus_fromExceptionCode(code as i32)
-        };
+        // Safety: `AStatus_fromExceptionCode` expects any
+        // `binder_exception_t` (i32) integer, so this is a safe FFI call.
+        // Unknown values will be coerced into EX_TRANSACTION_FAILED.
+        let ptr = unsafe { sys::AStatus_fromExceptionCode(code as i32) };
         Self(ptr::NonNull::new(ptr).expect("Unexpected null AStatus pointer"))
     }
 }
@@ -363,20 +343,18 @@
 
 impl Drop for Status {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Safety: `Status` manages the lifetime of its inner `AStatus`
+        // pointee, so we need to delete it here. We know that the pointer
+        // will be valid here since `Status` always contains a valid pointer
+        // while it is alive.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Status` manages the lifetime of its inner `AStatus`
-            // pointee, so we need to delete it here. We know that the pointer
-            // will be valid here since `Status` always contains a valid pointer
-            // while it is alive.
             sys::AStatus_delete(self.0.as_mut());
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `Status` always contains a valid pointer to an `AStatus` object, so we can
-/// trivially convert it to a correctly-typed raw pointer.
+/// Safety: `Status` always contains a valid pointer to an `AStatus` object, so
+/// we can trivially convert it to a correctly-typed raw pointer.
 ///
 /// Care must be taken that the returned pointer is only dereferenced while the
 /// `Status` object is still alive.
@@ -386,11 +364,9 @@
     }
 
     fn as_native_mut(&mut self) -> *mut sys::AStatus {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: The pointer will be valid here since `Status` always
-            // contains a valid and initialized pointer while it is alive.
-            self.0.as_mut()
-        }
+        // Safety: The pointer will be valid here since `Status` always contains
+        // a valid and initialized pointer while it is alive.
+        unsafe { self.0.as_mut() }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs
index 5557168..b248f5e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/native.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     rust_object: *mut T,
 }
 
-/// # Safety
+/// Safety:
 ///
 /// A `Binder<T>` is a pair of unique owning pointers to two values:
 ///   * a C++ ABBinder which the C++ API guarantees can be passed between threads
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 /// to how `Box<T>` is `Send` if `T` is `Send`.
 unsafe impl<T: Remotable> Send for Binder<T> {}
 
-/// # Safety
+/// Safety:
 ///
 /// A `Binder<T>` is a pair of unique owning pointers to two values:
 ///   * a C++ ABBinder which is thread-safe, i.e. `Send + Sync`
@@ -89,15 +89,13 @@
     pub fn new_with_stability(rust_object: T, stability: Stability) -> Binder<T> {
         let class = T::get_class();
         let rust_object = Box::into_raw(Box::new(rust_object));
-        let ibinder = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `AIBinder_new` expects a valid class pointer (which we
-            // initialize via `get_class`), and an arbitrary pointer
-            // argument. The caller owns the returned `AIBinder` pointer, which
-            // is a strong reference to a `BBinder`. This reference should be
-            // decremented via `AIBinder_decStrong` when the reference lifetime
-            // ends.
-            sys::AIBinder_new(class.into(), rust_object as *mut c_void)
-        };
+        // Safety: `AIBinder_new` expects a valid class pointer (which we
+        // initialize via `get_class`), and an arbitrary pointer
+        // argument. The caller owns the returned `AIBinder` pointer, which
+        // is a strong reference to a `BBinder`. This reference should be
+        // decremented via `AIBinder_decStrong` when the reference lifetime
+        // ends.
+        let ibinder = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_new(class.into(), rust_object as *mut c_void) };
         let mut binder = Binder { ibinder, rust_object };
         binder.mark_stability(stability);
         binder
@@ -176,15 +174,14 @@
     ///        }
     ///        # }
     pub fn set_extension(&mut self, extension: &mut SpIBinder) -> Result<()> {
-        let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `AIBinder_setExtension` expects two valid, mutable
-            // `AIBinder` pointers. We are guaranteed that both `self` and
-            // `extension` contain valid `AIBinder` pointers, because they
-            // cannot be initialized without a valid
-            // pointer. `AIBinder_setExtension` does not take ownership of
-            // either parameter.
-            sys::AIBinder_setExtension(self.as_native_mut(), extension.as_native_mut())
-        };
+        let status =
+        // Safety: `AIBinder_setExtension` expects two valid, mutable
+        // `AIBinder` pointers. We are guaranteed that both `self` and
+        // `extension` contain valid `AIBinder` pointers, because they
+        // cannot be initialized without a valid
+        // pointer. `AIBinder_setExtension` does not take ownership of
+        // either parameter.
+            unsafe { sys::AIBinder_setExtension(self.as_native_mut(), extension.as_native_mut()) };
         status_result(status)
     }
 
@@ -199,9 +196,9 @@
         match stability {
             Stability::Local => self.mark_local_stability(),
             Stability::Vintf => {
+                // Safety: Self always contains a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so
+                // we can always call this C API safely.
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: Self always contains a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so
-                    // we can always call this C API safely.
                     sys::AIBinder_markVintfStability(self.as_native_mut());
                 }
             }
@@ -212,9 +209,9 @@
     /// building for android_vendor and system otherwise.
     #[cfg(android_vendor)]
     fn mark_local_stability(&mut self) {
+        // Safety: Self always contains a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so we can
+        // always call this C API safely.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: Self always contains a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so
-            // we can always call this C API safely.
             sys::AIBinder_markVendorStability(self.as_native_mut());
         }
     }
@@ -223,9 +220,9 @@
     /// building for android_vendor and system otherwise.
     #[cfg(not(android_vendor))]
     fn mark_local_stability(&mut self) {
+        // Safety: Self always contains a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so we can
+        // always call this C API safely.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: Self always contains a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so
-            // we can always call this C API safely.
             sys::AIBinder_markSystemStability(self.as_native_mut());
         }
     }
@@ -239,13 +236,13 @@
     /// remotable object, which will prevent the object from being dropped while
     /// the `SpIBinder` is alive.
     fn as_binder(&self) -> SpIBinder {
+        // Safety: `self.ibinder` is guaranteed to always be a valid pointer
+        // to an `AIBinder` by the `Binder` constructor. We are creating a
+        // copy of the `self.ibinder` strong reference, but
+        // `SpIBinder::from_raw` assumes it receives an owned pointer with
+        // its own strong reference. We first increment the reference count,
+        // so that the new `SpIBinder` will be tracked as a new reference.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `self.ibinder` is guaranteed to always be a valid pointer
-            // to an `AIBinder` by the `Binder` constructor. We are creating a
-            // copy of the `self.ibinder` strong reference, but
-            // `SpIBinder::from_raw` assumes it receives an owned pointer with
-            // its own strong reference. We first increment the reference count,
-            // so that the new `SpIBinder` will be tracked as a new reference.
             sys::AIBinder_incStrong(self.ibinder);
             SpIBinder::from_raw(self.ibinder).unwrap()
         }
@@ -275,10 +272,20 @@
         reply: *mut sys::AParcel,
     ) -> status_t {
         let res = {
-            let mut reply = BorrowedParcel::from_raw(reply).unwrap();
-            let data = BorrowedParcel::from_raw(data as *mut sys::AParcel).unwrap();
-            let object = sys::AIBinder_getUserData(binder);
-            let binder: &T = &*(object as *const T);
+            // Safety: The caller must give us a parcel pointer which is either
+            // null or valid at least for the duration of this function call. We
+            // don't keep the resulting value beyond the function.
+            let mut reply = unsafe { BorrowedParcel::from_raw(reply).unwrap() };
+            // Safety: The caller must give us a parcel pointer which is either
+            // null or valid at least for the duration of this function call. We
+            // don't keep the resulting value beyond the function.
+            let data = unsafe { BorrowedParcel::from_raw(data as *mut sys::AParcel).unwrap() };
+            // Safety: Our caller promised that `binder` is a non-null, valid
+            // pointer to a local `AIBinder`.
+            let object = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_getUserData(binder) };
+            // Safety: Our caller promised that the binder has a `T` pointer in
+            // its user data.
+            let binder: &T = unsafe { &*(object as *const T) };
             binder.on_transact(code, &data, &mut reply)
         };
         match res {
@@ -295,7 +302,9 @@
     /// Must be called with a valid pointer to a `T` object. After this call,
     /// the pointer will be invalid and should not be dereferenced.
     unsafe extern "C" fn on_destroy(object: *mut c_void) {
-        drop(Box::from_raw(object as *mut T));
+        // Safety: Our caller promised that `object` is a valid pointer to a
+        // `T`.
+        drop(unsafe { Box::from_raw(object as *mut T) });
     }
 
     /// Called whenever a new, local `AIBinder` object is needed of a specific
@@ -320,7 +329,7 @@
     /// Must be called with a non-null, valid pointer to a local `AIBinder` that
     /// contains a `T` pointer in its user data. fd should be a non-owned file
     /// descriptor, and args must be an array of null-terminated string
-    /// poiinters with length num_args.
+    /// pointers with length num_args.
     unsafe extern "C" fn on_dump(
         binder: *mut sys::AIBinder,
         fd: i32,
@@ -330,8 +339,9 @@
         if fd < 0 {
             return StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL as status_t;
         }
-        // We don't own this file, so we need to be careful not to drop it.
-        let file = ManuallyDrop::new(File::from_raw_fd(fd));
+        // Safety: Our caller promised that fd is a file descriptor. We don't
+        // own this file descriptor, so we need to be careful not to drop it.
+        let file = unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(File::from_raw_fd(fd)) };
 
         if args.is_null() && num_args != 0 {
             return StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL as status_t;
@@ -340,14 +350,22 @@
         let args = if args.is_null() || num_args == 0 {
             vec![]
         } else {
-            slice::from_raw_parts(args, num_args as usize)
-                .iter()
-                .map(|s| CStr::from_ptr(*s))
-                .collect()
+            // Safety: Our caller promised that `args` is an array of
+            // null-terminated string pointers with length `num_args`.
+            unsafe {
+                slice::from_raw_parts(args, num_args as usize)
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| CStr::from_ptr(*s))
+                    .collect()
+            }
         };
 
-        let object = sys::AIBinder_getUserData(binder);
-        let binder: &T = &*(object as *const T);
+        // Safety: Our caller promised that `binder` is a non-null, valid
+        // pointer to a local `AIBinder`.
+        let object = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_getUserData(binder) };
+        // Safety: Our caller promised that the binder has a `T` pointer in its
+        // user data.
+        let binder: &T = unsafe { &*(object as *const T) };
         let res = binder.on_dump(&file, &args);
 
         match res {
@@ -363,11 +381,11 @@
     // actually destroys the object, it calls `on_destroy` and we can drop the
     // `rust_object` then.
     fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Safety: When `self` is dropped, we can no longer access the
+        // reference, so can decrement the reference count. `self.ibinder` is
+        // always a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so is valid to pass to
+        // `AIBinder_decStrong`.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: When `self` is dropped, we can no longer access the
-            // reference, so can decrement the reference count. `self.ibinder`
-            // is always a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so is valid to pass to
-            // `AIBinder_decStrong`.
             sys::AIBinder_decStrong(self.ibinder);
         }
     }
@@ -377,14 +395,11 @@
     type Target = T;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: While `self` is alive, the reference count of the
-            // underlying object is > 0 and therefore `on_destroy` cannot be
-            // called. Therefore while `self` is alive, we know that
-            // `rust_object` is still a valid pointer to a heap allocated object
-            // of type `T`.
-            &*self.rust_object
-        }
+        // Safety: While `self` is alive, the reference count of the underlying
+        // object is > 0 and therefore `on_destroy` cannot be called. Therefore
+        // while `self` is alive, we know that `rust_object` is still a valid
+        // pointer to a heap allocated object of type `T`.
+        unsafe { &*self.rust_object }
     }
 }
 
@@ -405,13 +420,10 @@
         if Some(class) != ibinder.get_class() {
             return Err(StatusCode::BAD_TYPE);
         }
-        let userdata = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` always holds a valid pointer pointer to an
-            // `AIBinder`, which we can safely pass to
-            // `AIBinder_getUserData`. `ibinder` retains ownership of the
-            // returned pointer.
-            sys::AIBinder_getUserData(ibinder.as_native_mut())
-        };
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` always holds a valid pointer pointer to an
+        // `AIBinder`, which we can safely pass to `AIBinder_getUserData`.
+        // `ibinder` retains ownership of the returned pointer.
+        let userdata = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_getUserData(ibinder.as_native_mut()) };
         if userdata.is_null() {
             return Err(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL);
         }
@@ -422,12 +434,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// The constructor for `Binder` guarantees that `self.ibinder` will contain a
-/// valid, non-null pointer to an `AIBinder`, so this implementation is type
-/// safe. `self.ibinder` will remain valid for the entire lifetime of `self`
-/// because we hold a strong reference to the `AIBinder` until `self` is
+/// Safety: The constructor for `Binder` guarantees that `self.ibinder` will
+/// contain a valid, non-null pointer to an `AIBinder`, so this implementation
+/// is type safe. `self.ibinder` will remain valid for the entire lifetime of
+/// `self` because we hold a strong reference to the `AIBinder` until `self` is
 /// dropped.
 unsafe impl<B: Remotable> AsNative<sys::AIBinder> for Binder<B> {
     fn as_native(&self) -> *const sys::AIBinder {
@@ -447,14 +457,12 @@
 /// This function will panic if the identifier contains a 0 byte (NUL).
 pub fn add_service(identifier: &str, mut binder: SpIBinder) -> Result<()> {
     let instance = CString::new(identifier).unwrap();
-    let status = unsafe {
-        // Safety: `AServiceManager_addService` expects valid `AIBinder` and C
-        // string pointers. Caller retains ownership of both
-        // pointers. `AServiceManager_addService` creates a new strong reference
-        // and copies the string, so both pointers need only be valid until the
-        // call returns.
-        sys::AServiceManager_addService(binder.as_native_mut(), instance.as_ptr())
-    };
+    let status =
+    // Safety: `AServiceManager_addService` expects valid `AIBinder` and C
+    // string pointers. Caller retains ownership of both pointers.
+    // `AServiceManager_addService` creates a new strong reference and copies
+    // the string, so both pointers need only be valid until the call returns.
+        unsafe { sys::AServiceManager_addService(binder.as_native_mut(), instance.as_ptr()) };
     status_result(status)
 }
 
@@ -470,13 +478,12 @@
 /// This function will panic if the identifier contains a 0 byte (NUL).
 pub fn register_lazy_service(identifier: &str, mut binder: SpIBinder) -> Result<()> {
     let instance = CString::new(identifier).unwrap();
+    // Safety: `AServiceManager_registerLazyService` expects valid `AIBinder` and C
+    // string pointers. Caller retains ownership of both
+    // pointers. `AServiceManager_registerLazyService` creates a new strong reference
+    // and copies the string, so both pointers need only be valid until the
+    // call returns.
     let status = unsafe {
-        // Safety: `AServiceManager_registerLazyService` expects valid `AIBinder` and C
-        // string pointers. Caller retains ownership of both
-        // pointers. `AServiceManager_registerLazyService` creates a new strong reference
-        // and copies the string, so both pointers need only be valid until the
-        // call returns.
-
         sys::AServiceManager_registerLazyService(binder.as_native_mut(), instance.as_ptr())
     };
     status_result(status)
@@ -491,10 +498,8 @@
 ///
 /// Consider using [`LazyServiceGuard`] rather than calling this directly.
 pub fn force_lazy_services_persist(persist: bool) {
-    unsafe {
-        // Safety: No borrowing or transfer of ownership occurs here.
-        sys::AServiceManager_forceLazyServicesPersist(persist)
-    }
+    // Safety: No borrowing or transfer of ownership occurs here.
+    unsafe { sys::AServiceManager_forceLazyServicesPersist(persist) }
 }
 
 /// An RAII object to ensure a process which registers lazy services is not killed. During the
@@ -576,8 +581,6 @@
 /// Determine whether the current thread is currently executing an incoming
 /// transaction.
 pub fn is_handling_transaction() -> bool {
-    unsafe {
-        // Safety: This method is always safe to call.
-        sys::AIBinder_isHandlingTransaction()
-    }
+    // Safety: This method is always safe to call.
+    unsafe { sys::AIBinder_isHandlingTransaction() }
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs
index e4c568e..3c615ed 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel.rs
@@ -52,11 +52,8 @@
     ptr: NonNull<sys::AParcel>,
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This type guarantees that it owns the AParcel and that all access to
-/// the AParcel happens through the Parcel, so it is ok to send across
-/// threads.
+/// Safety: This type guarantees that it owns the AParcel and that all access to
+/// the AParcel happens through the Parcel, so it is ok to send across threads.
 unsafe impl Send for Parcel {}
 
 /// Container for a message (data and object references) that can be sent
@@ -73,11 +70,9 @@
 impl Parcel {
     /// Create a new empty `Parcel`.
     pub fn new() -> Parcel {
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: If `AParcel_create` succeeds, it always returns
-            // a valid pointer. If it fails, the process will crash.
-            sys::AParcel_create()
-        };
+        // Safety: If `AParcel_create` succeeds, it always returns
+        // a valid pointer. If it fails, the process will crash.
+        let ptr = unsafe { sys::AParcel_create() };
         Self { ptr: NonNull::new(ptr).expect("AParcel_create returned null pointer") }
     }
 
@@ -171,10 +166,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// The `Parcel` constructors guarantee that a `Parcel` object will always
-/// contain a valid pointer to an `AParcel`.
+/// Safety: The `Parcel` constructors guarantee that a `Parcel` object will
+/// always contain a valid pointer to an `AParcel`.
 unsafe impl AsNative<sys::AParcel> for Parcel {
     fn as_native(&self) -> *const sys::AParcel {
         self.ptr.as_ptr()
@@ -185,10 +178,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// The `BorrowedParcel` constructors guarantee that a `BorrowedParcel` object
-/// will always contain a valid pointer to an `AParcel`.
+/// Safety: The `BorrowedParcel` constructors guarantee that a `BorrowedParcel`
+/// object will always contain a valid pointer to an `AParcel`.
 unsafe impl<'a> AsNative<sys::AParcel> for BorrowedParcel<'a> {
     fn as_native(&self) -> *const sys::AParcel {
         self.ptr.as_ptr()
@@ -203,10 +194,8 @@
 impl<'a> BorrowedParcel<'a> {
     /// Data written to parcelable is zero'd before being deleted or reallocated.
     pub fn mark_sensitive(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: guaranteed to have a parcel object, and this method never fails
-            sys::AParcel_markSensitive(self.as_native())
-        }
+        // Safety: guaranteed to have a parcel object, and this method never fails
+        unsafe { sys::AParcel_markSensitive(self.as_native()) }
     }
 
     /// Write a type that implements [`Serialize`] to the parcel.
@@ -265,11 +254,15 @@
             f(&mut subparcel)?;
         }
         let end = self.get_data_position();
+        // Safety: start is less than the current size of the parcel data
+        // buffer, because we just got it with `get_data_position`.
         unsafe {
             self.set_data_position(start)?;
         }
         assert!(end >= start);
         self.write(&(end - start))?;
+        // Safety: end is less than the current size of the parcel data
+        // buffer, because we just got it with `get_data_position`.
         unsafe {
             self.set_data_position(end)?;
         }
@@ -278,20 +271,16 @@
 
     /// Returns the current position in the parcel data.
     pub fn get_data_position(&self) -> i32 {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`, and this call is otherwise safe.
-            sys::AParcel_getDataPosition(self.as_native())
-        }
+        // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`, and this call is otherwise safe.
+        unsafe { sys::AParcel_getDataPosition(self.as_native()) }
     }
 
     /// Returns the total size of the parcel.
     pub fn get_data_size(&self) -> i32 {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`, and this call is otherwise safe.
-            sys::AParcel_getDataSize(self.as_native())
-        }
+        // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`, and this call is otherwise safe.
+        unsafe { sys::AParcel_getDataSize(self.as_native()) }
     }
 
     /// Move the current read/write position in the parcel.
@@ -304,7 +293,9 @@
     /// accesses are bounds checked, this call is still safe, but we can't rely
     /// on that.
     pub unsafe fn set_data_position(&self, pos: i32) -> Result<()> {
-        status_result(sys::AParcel_setDataPosition(self.as_native(), pos))
+        // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`, and the caller guarantees that `pos` is within bounds.
+        status_result(unsafe { sys::AParcel_setDataPosition(self.as_native(), pos) })
     }
 
     /// Append a subset of another parcel.
@@ -317,10 +308,10 @@
         start: i32,
         size: i32,
     ) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: `Parcel::appendFrom` from C++ checks that `start`
+        // and `size` are in bounds, and returns an error otherwise.
+        // Both `self` and `other` always contain valid pointers.
         let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel::appendFrom` from C++ checks that `start`
-            // and `size` are in bounds, and returns an error otherwise.
-            // Both `self` and `other` always contain valid pointers.
             sys::AParcel_appendFrom(other.as_native(), self.as_native_mut(), start, size)
         };
         status_result(status)
@@ -418,7 +409,9 @@
     /// accesses are bounds checked, this call is still safe, but we can't rely
     /// on that.
     pub unsafe fn set_data_position(&self, pos: i32) -> Result<()> {
-        self.borrowed_ref().set_data_position(pos)
+        // Safety: We have the same safety requirements as
+        // `BorrowedParcel::set_data_position`.
+        unsafe { self.borrowed_ref().set_data_position(pos) }
     }
 
     /// Append a subset of another parcel.
@@ -461,7 +454,7 @@
     /// and call a closure with the sub-parcel as its parameter.
     /// The closure can keep reading data from the sub-parcel
     /// until it runs out of input data. The closure is responsible
-    /// for calling [`ReadableSubParcel::has_more_data`] to check for
+    /// for calling `ReadableSubParcel::has_more_data` to check for
     /// more data before every read, at least until Rust generators
     /// are stabilized.
     /// After the closure returns, skip to the end of the current
@@ -504,7 +497,10 @@
         f(subparcel)?;
 
         // Advance the data position to the actual end,
-        // in case the closure read less data than was available
+        // in case the closure read less data than was available.
+        //
+        // Safety: end must be less than the current size of the parcel, because
+        // we checked above against `get_data_size`.
         unsafe {
             self.set_data_position(end)?;
         }
@@ -595,7 +591,7 @@
     /// and call a closure with the sub-parcel as its parameter.
     /// The closure can keep reading data from the sub-parcel
     /// until it runs out of input data. The closure is responsible
-    /// for calling [`ReadableSubParcel::has_more_data`] to check for
+    /// for calling `ReadableSubParcel::has_more_data` to check for
     /// more data before every read, at least until Rust generators
     /// are stabilized.
     /// After the closure returns, skip to the end of the current
@@ -649,17 +645,17 @@
 // Internal APIs
 impl<'a> BorrowedParcel<'a> {
     pub(crate) fn write_binder(&mut self, binder: Option<&SpIBinder>) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. `AsNative` for `Option<SpIBinder`> will either return
+        // null or a valid pointer to an `AIBinder`, both of which are
+        // valid, safe inputs to `AParcel_writeStrongBinder`.
+        //
+        // This call does not take ownership of the binder. However, it does
+        // require a mutable pointer, which we cannot extract from an
+        // immutable reference, so we clone the binder, incrementing the
+        // refcount before the call. The refcount will be immediately
+        // decremented when this temporary is dropped.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. `AsNative` for `Option<SpIBinder`> will either return
-            // null or a valid pointer to an `AIBinder`, both of which are
-            // valid, safe inputs to `AParcel_writeStrongBinder`.
-            //
-            // This call does not take ownership of the binder. However, it does
-            // require a mutable pointer, which we cannot extract from an
-            // immutable reference, so we clone the binder, incrementing the
-            // refcount before the call. The refcount will be immediately
-            // decremented when this temporary is dropped.
             status_result(sys::AParcel_writeStrongBinder(
                 self.as_native_mut(),
                 binder.cloned().as_native_mut(),
@@ -669,33 +665,28 @@
 
     pub(crate) fn read_binder(&self) -> Result<Option<SpIBinder>> {
         let mut binder = ptr::null_mut();
-        let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. We pass a valid, mutable out pointer to the `binder`
-            // parameter. After this call, `binder` will be either null or a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder` owned by the caller.
-            sys::AParcel_readStrongBinder(self.as_native(), &mut binder)
-        };
+        // Safety: `BorrowedParcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. We pass a valid, mutable out pointer to the `binder`
+        // parameter. After this call, `binder` will be either null or a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder` owned by the caller.
+        let status = unsafe { sys::AParcel_readStrongBinder(self.as_native(), &mut binder) };
 
         status_result(status)?;
 
-        Ok(unsafe {
-            // Safety: `binder` is either null or a valid, owned pointer at this
-            // point, so can be safely passed to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
-            SpIBinder::from_raw(binder)
-        })
+        // Safety: `binder` is either null or a valid, owned pointer at this
+        // point, so can be safely passed to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
+        Ok(unsafe { SpIBinder::from_raw(binder) })
     }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Parcel {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         // Run the C++ Parcel complete object destructor
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. Since we own the parcel, we can safely delete it
-            // here.
-            sys::AParcel_delete(self.ptr.as_ptr())
-        }
+        //
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. Since we own the parcel, we can safely delete it
+        // here.
+        unsafe { sys::AParcel_delete(self.ptr.as_ptr()) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -732,6 +723,8 @@
 
     parcel.write(&1i32).unwrap();
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         parcel.set_data_position(start).unwrap();
     }
@@ -748,6 +741,8 @@
 
     parcel.write(&b"Hello, Binder!\0"[..]).unwrap();
     // Skip over string length
+    // SAFETY: str_start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(str_start).is_ok());
     }
@@ -756,42 +751,56 @@
 
     assert!(parcel.read::<bool>().unwrap());
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i8>().unwrap(), 72i8);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u16>().unwrap(), 25928);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>().unwrap(), 1819043144);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 1819043144);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i64>().unwrap(), 4764857262830019912);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u64>().unwrap(), 4764857262830019912);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
@@ -799,6 +808,8 @@
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<f32>().unwrap(), 1143139100000000000000000000.0);
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<f32>().unwrap(), 40.043392);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
@@ -806,6 +817,8 @@
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<f64>().unwrap(), 34732488246.197815);
 
     // Skip back to before the string length
+    // SAFETY: str_start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(str_start).is_ok());
     }
@@ -819,15 +832,21 @@
     let start = parcel.get_data_position();
 
     assert!(parcel.write("Hello, Binder!").is_ok());
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
     assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<String>>().unwrap().unwrap(), "Hello, Binder!",);
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
 
     assert!(parcel.write("Embedded null \0 inside a string").is_ok());
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
@@ -835,6 +854,8 @@
         parcel.read::<Option<String>>().unwrap().unwrap(),
         "Embedded null \0 inside a string",
     );
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
@@ -849,6 +870,8 @@
     let s3 = "Some more text here.";
 
     assert!(parcel.write(&[s1, s2, s3][..]).is_ok());
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
     }
@@ -874,6 +897,8 @@
 
     assert_eq!(parcel.get_data_position(), start + expected_len);
 
+    // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+    // made it any shorter since we got the position.
     unsafe {
         parcel.set_data_position(start).unwrap();
     }
@@ -893,6 +918,8 @@
     assert_eq!(4, parcel2.get_data_size());
     assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_all_from(&parcel1));
     assert_eq!(8, parcel2.get_data_size());
+    // SAFETY: 0 is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because the parcel is not
+    // empty.
     unsafe {
         parcel2.set_data_position(0).unwrap();
     }
@@ -903,6 +930,8 @@
     assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 0, 2));
     assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 2, 2));
     assert_eq!(4, parcel2.get_data_size());
+    // SAFETY: 0 is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because the parcel is not
+    // empty.
     unsafe {
         parcel2.set_data_position(0).unwrap();
     }
@@ -911,6 +940,8 @@
     let mut parcel2 = Parcel::new();
     assert_eq!(Ok(()), parcel2.append_from(&parcel1, 0, 2));
     assert_eq!(2, parcel2.get_data_size());
+    // SAFETY: 0 is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because the parcel is not
+    // empty.
     unsafe {
         parcel2.set_data_position(0).unwrap();
     }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs
index 7fe37f3..5c688fa 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/file_descriptor.rs
@@ -73,14 +73,12 @@
 impl Serialize for ParcelFileDescriptor {
     fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
         let fd = self.0.as_raw_fd();
-        let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. Likewise, `ParcelFileDescriptor` always contains a
-            // valid file, so we can borrow a valid file
-            // descriptor. `AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor` does NOT take
-            // ownership of the fd, so we need not duplicate it first.
-            sys::AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor(parcel.as_native_mut(), fd)
-        };
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. Likewise, `ParcelFileDescriptor` always contains a
+        // valid file, so we can borrow a valid file
+        // descriptor. `AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor` does NOT take
+        // ownership of the fd, so we need not duplicate it first.
+        let status = unsafe { sys::AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor(parcel.as_native_mut(), fd) };
         status_result(status)
     }
 }
@@ -92,13 +90,12 @@
         if let Some(f) = this {
             f.serialize(parcel)
         } else {
-            let status = unsafe {
-                // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-                // `AParcel`. `AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor` accepts the
-                // value `-1` as the file descriptor to signify serializing a
-                // null file descriptor.
-                sys::AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor(parcel.as_native_mut(), -1i32)
-            };
+            let status =
+            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+            // `AParcel`. `AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor` accepts the
+            // value `-1` as the file descriptor to signify serializing a
+            // null file descriptor.
+                unsafe { sys::AParcel_writeParcelFileDescriptor(parcel.as_native_mut(), -1i32) };
             status_result(status)
         }
     }
@@ -107,25 +104,23 @@
 impl DeserializeOption for ParcelFileDescriptor {
     fn deserialize_option(parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
         let mut fd = -1i32;
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. We pass a valid mutable pointer to an i32, which
+        // `AParcel_readParcelFileDescriptor` assigns the valid file
+        // descriptor into, or `-1` if deserializing a null file
+        // descriptor. The read function passes ownership of the file
+        // descriptor to its caller if it was non-null, so we must take
+        // ownership of the file and ensure that it is eventually closed.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. We pass a valid mutable pointer to an i32, which
-            // `AParcel_readParcelFileDescriptor` assigns the valid file
-            // descriptor into, or `-1` if deserializing a null file
-            // descriptor. The read function passes ownership of the file
-            // descriptor to its caller if it was non-null, so we must take
-            // ownership of the file and ensure that it is eventually closed.
             status_result(sys::AParcel_readParcelFileDescriptor(parcel.as_native(), &mut fd))?;
         }
         if fd < 0 {
             Ok(None)
         } else {
-            let file = unsafe {
-                // Safety: At this point, we know that the file descriptor was
-                // not -1, so must be a valid, owned file descriptor which we
-                // can safely turn into a `File`.
-                File::from_raw_fd(fd)
-            };
+            // Safety: At this point, we know that the file descriptor was
+            // not -1, so must be a valid, owned file descriptor which we
+            // can safely turn into a `File`.
+            let file = unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(fd) };
             Ok(Some(ParcelFileDescriptor::new(file)))
         }
     }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
index 5d8c11c..9008a3c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@
     fn read_from_parcel(&mut self, parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()>;
 }
 
-/// A struct whose instances can be written to a [`Parcel`].
+/// A struct whose instances can be written to a [`crate::parcel::Parcel`].
 // Might be able to hook this up as a serde backend in the future?
 pub trait Serialize {
-    /// Serialize this instance into the given [`Parcel`].
+    /// Serialize this instance into the given [`crate::parcel::Parcel`].
     fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()>;
 }
 
-/// A struct whose instances can be restored from a [`Parcel`].
+/// A struct whose instances can be restored from a [`crate::parcel::Parcel`].
 // Might be able to hook this up as a serde backend in the future?
 pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
     /// Type for the uninitialized value of this type. Will be either `Self`
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@
     /// Convert an initialized value of type `Self` into `Self::UninitType`.
     fn from_init(value: Self) -> Self::UninitType;
 
-    /// Deserialize an instance from the given [`Parcel`].
+    /// Deserialize an instance from the given [`crate::parcel::Parcel`].
     fn deserialize(parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<Self>;
 
-    /// Deserialize an instance from the given [`Parcel`] onto the
+    /// Deserialize an instance from the given [`crate::parcel::Parcel`] onto the
     /// current object. This operation will overwrite the old value
     /// partially or completely, depending on how much data is available.
     fn deserialize_from(&mut self, parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@
 pub trait SerializeArray: Serialize + Sized {
     /// Serialize an array of this type into the given parcel.
     fn serialize_array(slice: &[Self], parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: Safe FFI, slice will always be a safe pointer to pass.
         let res = unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI, slice will always be a safe pointer to pass.
             sys::AParcel_writeParcelableArray(
                 parcel.as_native_mut(),
                 slice.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@
 
 /// Callback to serialize an element of a generic parcelable array.
 ///
-/// Safety: We are relying on binder_ndk to not overrun our slice. As long as it
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// We are relying on binder_ndk to not overrun our slice. As long as it
 /// doesn't provide an index larger than the length of the original slice in
 /// serialize_array, this operation is safe. The index provided is zero-based.
 unsafe extern "C" fn serialize_element<T: Serialize>(
@@ -125,9 +127,14 @@
     array: *const c_void,
     index: usize,
 ) -> status_t {
-    let slice: &[T] = slice::from_raw_parts(array.cast(), index + 1);
+    // Safety: The caller guarantees that `array` is a valid pointer of the
+    // appropriate type.
+    let slice: &[T] = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(array.cast(), index + 1) };
 
-    let mut parcel = match BorrowedParcel::from_raw(parcel) {
+    // Safety: The caller must give us a parcel pointer which is either null or
+    // valid at least for the duration of this function call. We don't keep the
+    // resulting value beyond the function.
+    let mut parcel = match unsafe { BorrowedParcel::from_raw(parcel) } {
         None => return StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL as status_t,
         Some(p) => p,
     };
@@ -142,9 +149,9 @@
     /// Deserialize an array of type from the given parcel.
     fn deserialize_array(parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<Option<Vec<Self>>> {
         let mut vec: Option<Vec<Self::UninitType>> = None;
+        // Safety: Safe FFI, vec is the correct opaque type expected by
+        // allocate_vec and deserialize_element.
         let res = unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI, vec is the correct opaque type expected by
-            // allocate_vec and deserialize_element.
             sys::AParcel_readParcelableArray(
                 parcel.as_native(),
                 &mut vec as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
@@ -153,21 +160,21 @@
             )
         };
         status_result(res)?;
-        let vec: Option<Vec<Self>> = unsafe {
-            // Safety: We are assuming that the NDK correctly initialized every
-            // element of the vector by now, so we know that all the
-            // UninitTypes are now properly initialized. We can transmute from
-            // Vec<T::UninitType> to Vec<T> because T::UninitType has the same
-            // alignment and size as T, so the pointer to the vector allocation
-            // will be compatible.
-            mem::transmute(vec)
-        };
+        // Safety: We are assuming that the NDK correctly initialized every
+        // element of the vector by now, so we know that all the
+        // UninitTypes are now properly initialized. We can transmute from
+        // Vec<T::UninitType> to Vec<T> because T::UninitType has the same
+        // alignment and size as T, so the pointer to the vector allocation
+        // will be compatible.
+        let vec: Option<Vec<Self>> = unsafe { mem::transmute(vec) };
         Ok(vec)
     }
 }
 
 /// Callback to deserialize a parcelable element.
 ///
+/// # Safety
+///
 /// The opaque array data pointer must be a mutable pointer to an
 /// `Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>` with at least enough elements for `index` to be valid
 /// (zero-based).
@@ -176,13 +183,18 @@
     array: *mut c_void,
     index: usize,
 ) -> status_t {
-    let vec = &mut *(array as *mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>);
+    // Safety: The caller guarantees that `array` is a valid pointer of the
+    // appropriate type.
+    let vec = unsafe { &mut *(array as *mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>) };
     let vec = match vec {
         Some(v) => v,
         None => return StatusCode::BAD_INDEX as status_t,
     };
 
-    let parcel = match BorrowedParcel::from_raw(parcel as *mut _) {
+    // Safety: The caller must give us a parcel pointer which is either null or
+    // valid at least for the duration of this function call. We don't keep the
+    // resulting value beyond the function.
+    let parcel = match unsafe { BorrowedParcel::from_raw(parcel as *mut _) } {
         None => return StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL as status_t,
         Some(p) => p,
     };
@@ -254,16 +266,21 @@
 ///
 /// The opaque data pointer passed to the array read function must be a mutable
 /// pointer to an `Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>`. `buffer` will be assigned a mutable pointer
-/// to the allocated vector data if this function returns true.
+/// to the allocated vector data if this function returns true. `buffer` must be a valid pointer.
 unsafe extern "C" fn allocate_vec_with_buffer<T: Deserialize>(
     data: *mut c_void,
     len: i32,
     buffer: *mut *mut T,
 ) -> bool {
-    let res = allocate_vec::<T>(data, len);
-    let vec = &mut *(data as *mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>);
+    // Safety: We have the same safety requirements as `allocate_vec` for `data`.
+    let res = unsafe { allocate_vec::<T>(data, len) };
+    // Safety: The caller guarantees that `data` is a valid mutable pointer to the appropriate type.
+    let vec = unsafe { &mut *(data as *mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>) };
     if let Some(new_vec) = vec {
-        *buffer = new_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut T;
+        // Safety: The caller guarantees that `buffer` is a valid pointer.
+        unsafe {
+            *buffer = new_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut T;
+        }
     }
     res
 }
@@ -275,7 +292,8 @@
 /// The opaque data pointer passed to the array read function must be a mutable
 /// pointer to an `Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>`.
 unsafe extern "C" fn allocate_vec<T: Deserialize>(data: *mut c_void, len: i32) -> bool {
-    let vec = &mut *(data as *mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>);
+    // Safety: The caller guarantees that `data` is a valid mutable pointer to the appropriate type.
+    let vec = unsafe { &mut *(data as *mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>) };
     if len < 0 {
         *vec = None;
         return true;
@@ -286,7 +304,10 @@
     let mut new_vec: Vec<T::UninitType> = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
     new_vec.resize_with(len as usize, T::uninit);
 
-    ptr::write(vec, Some(new_vec));
+    // Safety: The caller guarantees that vec is a valid mutable pointer to the appropriate type.
+    unsafe {
+        ptr::write(vec, Some(new_vec));
+    }
     true
 }
 
@@ -305,21 +326,21 @@
     // Assert at compile time that `T` and `T::UninitType` have the same size and alignment.
     let _ = T::ASSERT_UNINIT_SIZE_AND_ALIGNMENT;
 
-    // We can convert from Vec<T::UninitType> to Vec<T> because T::UninitType
-    // has the same alignment and size as T, so the pointer to the vector
-    // allocation will be compatible.
     let mut vec = ManuallyDrop::new(vec);
-    Vec::from_raw_parts(vec.as_mut_ptr().cast(), vec.len(), vec.capacity())
+    // Safety: We can convert from Vec<T::UninitType> to Vec<T> because
+    // T::UninitType has the same alignment and size as T, so the pointer to the
+    // vector allocation will be compatible.
+    unsafe { Vec::from_raw_parts(vec.as_mut_ptr().cast(), vec.len(), vec.capacity()) }
 }
 
 macro_rules! impl_parcelable {
     {Serialize, $ty:ty, $write_fn:path} => {
         impl Serialize for $ty {
             fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+                // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+                // `AParcel`, and any `$ty` literal value is safe to pass to
+                // `$write_fn`.
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-                    // `AParcel`, and any `$ty` literal value is safe to pass to
-                    // `$write_fn`.
                     status_result($write_fn(parcel.as_native_mut(), *self))
                 }
             }
@@ -333,11 +354,11 @@
             fn from_init(value: Self) -> Self::UninitType { value }
             fn deserialize(parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
                 let mut val = Self::default();
+                // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+                // `AParcel`. We pass a valid, mutable pointer to `val`, a
+                // literal of type `$ty`, and `$read_fn` will write the
+                // value read into `val` if successful
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-                    // `AParcel`. We pass a valid, mutable pointer to `val`, a
-                    // literal of type `$ty`, and `$read_fn` will write the
-                    // value read into `val` if successful
                     status_result($read_fn(parcel.as_native(), &mut val))?
                 };
                 Ok(val)
@@ -348,13 +369,13 @@
     {SerializeArray, $ty:ty, $write_array_fn:path} => {
         impl SerializeArray for $ty {
             fn serialize_array(slice: &[Self], parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+                // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+                // `AParcel`. If the slice is > 0 length, `slice.as_ptr()`
+                // will be a valid pointer to an array of elements of type
+                // `$ty`. If the slice length is 0, `slice.as_ptr()` may be
+                // dangling, but this is safe since the pointer is not
+                // dereferenced if the length parameter is 0.
                 let status = unsafe {
-                    // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-                    // `AParcel`. If the slice is > 0 length, `slice.as_ptr()`
-                    // will be a valid pointer to an array of elements of type
-                    // `$ty`. If the slice length is 0, `slice.as_ptr()` may be
-                    // dangling, but this is safe since the pointer is not
-                    // dereferenced if the length parameter is 0.
                     $write_array_fn(
                         parcel.as_native_mut(),
                         slice.as_ptr(),
@@ -373,11 +394,11 @@
         impl DeserializeArray for $ty {
             fn deserialize_array(parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<Option<Vec<Self>>> {
                 let mut vec: Option<Vec<Self::UninitType>> = None;
+                // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+                // `AParcel`. `allocate_vec<T>` expects the opaque pointer to
+                // be of type `*mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>`, so `&mut vec` is
+                // correct for it.
                 let status = unsafe {
-                    // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-                    // `AParcel`. `allocate_vec<T>` expects the opaque pointer to
-                    // be of type `*mut Option<Vec<T::UninitType>>`, so `&mut vec` is
-                    // correct for it.
                     $read_array_fn(
                         parcel.as_native(),
                         &mut vec as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
@@ -385,11 +406,11 @@
                     )
                 };
                 status_result(status)?;
+                // Safety: We are assuming that the NDK correctly
+                // initialized every element of the vector by now, so we
+                // know that all the UninitTypes are now properly
+                // initialized.
                 let vec: Option<Vec<Self>> = unsafe {
-                    // Safety: We are assuming that the NDK correctly
-                    // initialized every element of the vector by now, so we
-                    // know that all the UninitTypes are now properly
-                    // initialized.
                     vec.map(|vec| vec_assume_init(vec))
                 };
                 Ok(vec)
@@ -479,13 +500,13 @@
 
 impl SerializeArray for u8 {
     fn serialize_array(slice: &[Self], parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. If the slice is > 0 length, `slice.as_ptr()` will be a
+        // valid pointer to an array of elements of type `$ty`. If the slice
+        // length is 0, `slice.as_ptr()` may be dangling, but this is safe
+        // since the pointer is not dereferenced if the length parameter is
+        // 0.
         let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. If the slice is > 0 length, `slice.as_ptr()` will be a
-            // valid pointer to an array of elements of type `$ty`. If the slice
-            // length is 0, `slice.as_ptr()` may be dangling, but this is safe
-            // since the pointer is not dereferenced if the length parameter is
-            // 0.
             sys::AParcel_writeByteArray(
                 parcel.as_native_mut(),
                 slice.as_ptr() as *const i8,
@@ -518,13 +539,13 @@
 
 impl SerializeArray for i16 {
     fn serialize_array(slice: &[Self], parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. If the slice is > 0 length, `slice.as_ptr()` will be a
+        // valid pointer to an array of elements of type `$ty`. If the slice
+        // length is 0, `slice.as_ptr()` may be dangling, but this is safe
+        // since the pointer is not dereferenced if the length parameter is
+        // 0.
         let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. If the slice is > 0 length, `slice.as_ptr()` will be a
-            // valid pointer to an array of elements of type `$ty`. If the slice
-            // length is 0, `slice.as_ptr()` may be dangling, but this is safe
-            // since the pointer is not dereferenced if the length parameter is
-            // 0.
             sys::AParcel_writeCharArray(
                 parcel.as_native_mut(),
                 slice.as_ptr() as *const u16,
@@ -538,22 +559,22 @@
 impl SerializeOption for str {
     fn serialize_option(this: Option<&Self>, parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
         match this {
+            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+            // `AParcel`. If the string pointer is null,
+            // `AParcel_writeString` requires that the length is -1 to
+            // indicate that we want to serialize a null string.
             None => unsafe {
-                // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-                // `AParcel`. If the string pointer is null,
-                // `AParcel_writeString` requires that the length is -1 to
-                // indicate that we want to serialize a null string.
                 status_result(sys::AParcel_writeString(parcel.as_native_mut(), ptr::null(), -1))
             },
+            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+            // `AParcel`. `AParcel_writeString` assumes that we pass a utf-8
+            // string pointer of `length` bytes, which is what str in Rust
+            // is. The docstring for `AParcel_writeString` says that the
+            // string input should be null-terminated, but it doesn't
+            // actually rely on that fact in the code. If this ever becomes
+            // necessary, we will need to null-terminate the str buffer
+            // before sending it.
             Some(s) => unsafe {
-                // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-                // `AParcel`. `AParcel_writeString` assumes that we pass a utf-8
-                // string pointer of `length` bytes, which is what str in Rust
-                // is. The docstring for `AParcel_writeString` says that the
-                // string input should be null-terminated, but it doesn't
-                // actually rely on that fact in the code. If this ever becomes
-                // necessary, we will need to null-terminate the str buffer
-                // before sending it.
                 status_result(sys::AParcel_writeString(
                     parcel.as_native_mut(),
                     s.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
@@ -597,11 +618,11 @@
 
     fn deserialize(parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
         let mut vec: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an `AParcel`.
+        // `Option<Vec<u8>>` is equivalent to the expected `Option<Vec<i8>>`
+        // for `allocate_vec`, so `vec` is safe to pass as the opaque data
+        // pointer on platforms where char is signed.
         let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an `AParcel`.
-            // `Option<Vec<u8>>` is equivalent to the expected `Option<Vec<i8>>`
-            // for `allocate_vec`, so `vec` is safe to pass as the opaque data
-            // pointer on platforms where char is signed.
             sys::AParcel_readString(
                 parcel.as_native(),
                 &mut vec as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
@@ -751,11 +772,11 @@
 
 impl Serialize for Status {
     fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an `AParcel`
+        // and `Status` always contains a valid pointer to an `AStatus`, so
+        // both parameters are valid and safe. This call does not take
+        // ownership of either of its parameters.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an `AParcel`
-            // and `Status` always contains a valid pointer to an `AStatus`, so
-            // both parameters are valid and safe. This call does not take
-            // ownership of either of its parameters.
             status_result(sys::AParcel_writeStatusHeader(parcel.as_native_mut(), self.as_native()))
         }
     }
@@ -772,21 +793,18 @@
 
     fn deserialize(parcel: &BorrowedParcel<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
         let mut status_ptr = ptr::null_mut();
-        let ret_status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
-            // `AParcel`. We pass a mutable out pointer which will be
-            // assigned a valid `AStatus` pointer if the function returns
-            // status OK. This function passes ownership of the status
-            // pointer to the caller, if it was assigned.
-            sys::AParcel_readStatusHeader(parcel.as_native(), &mut status_ptr)
-        };
+        let ret_status =
+        // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
+        // `AParcel`. We pass a mutable out pointer which will be
+        // assigned a valid `AStatus` pointer if the function returns
+        // status OK. This function passes ownership of the status
+        // pointer to the caller, if it was assigned.
+            unsafe { sys::AParcel_readStatusHeader(parcel.as_native(), &mut status_ptr) };
         status_result(ret_status)?;
-        Ok(unsafe {
-            // Safety: At this point, the return status of the read call was ok,
-            // so we know that `status_ptr` is a valid, owned pointer to an
-            // `AStatus`, from which we can safely construct a `Status` object.
-            Status::from_ptr(status_ptr)
-        })
+        // Safety: At this point, the return status of the read call was ok,
+        // so we know that `status_ptr` is a valid, owned pointer to an
+        // `AStatus`, from which we can safely construct a `Status` object.
+        Ok(unsafe { Status::from_ptr(status_ptr) })
     }
 }
 
@@ -880,7 +898,6 @@
 /// `Serialize`, `SerializeArray` and `SerializeOption` for
 /// structured parcelables. The target type must implement the
 /// `Parcelable` trait.
-/// ```
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! impl_serialize_for_parcelable {
     ($parcelable:ident) => {
@@ -1070,6 +1087,8 @@
 
         assert!(custom.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1092,6 +1111,8 @@
 
         assert!(bools.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1101,6 +1122,8 @@
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0);
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0);
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 1);
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1116,12 +1139,17 @@
 
         assert!(parcel.write(&u8s[..]).is_ok());
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
 
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 4); // 4 items
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0x752aff65); // bytes
+
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1131,18 +1159,25 @@
 
         let i8s = [-128i8, 127, 42, -117];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
 
         assert!(parcel.write(&i8s[..]).is_ok());
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
 
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 4); // 4 items
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0x8b2a7f80); // bytes
+
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1152,10 +1187,14 @@
 
         let u16s = [u16::max_value(), 12_345, 42, 117];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(u16s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1165,6 +1204,9 @@
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 12345); // 12,345
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 42); // 42
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 117); // 117
+
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1175,10 +1217,14 @@
 
         let i16s = [i16::max_value(), i16::min_value(), 42, -117];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(i16s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1188,6 +1234,9 @@
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0x8000); // i16::min_value()
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 42); // 42
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0xff8b); // -117
+
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1198,10 +1247,14 @@
 
         let u32s = [u32::max_value(), 12_345, 42, 117];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(u32s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1211,6 +1264,9 @@
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 12345); // 12,345
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 42); // 42
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 117); // 117
+
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1221,10 +1277,14 @@
 
         let i32s = [i32::max_value(), i32::min_value(), 42, -117];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(i32s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1234,6 +1294,9 @@
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0x80000000); // i32::min_value()
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 42); // 42
         assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u32>().unwrap(), 0xffffff8b); // -117
+
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1244,10 +1307,14 @@
 
         let u64s = [u64::max_value(), 12_345, 42, 117];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(u64s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1258,10 +1325,14 @@
 
         let i64s = [i64::max_value(), i64::min_value(), 42, -117];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(i64s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1272,10 +1343,14 @@
 
         let f32s = [std::f32::NAN, std::f32::INFINITY, 1.23456789, std::f32::EPSILON];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(f32s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1288,10 +1363,14 @@
 
         let f64s = [std::f64::NAN, std::f64::INFINITY, 1.234567890123456789, std::f64::EPSILON];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(f64s.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
@@ -1309,10 +1388,14 @@
 
         let strs = [s1, s2, s3, s4];
 
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
         assert!(strs.serialize(&mut parcel.borrowed()).is_ok());
+        // SAFETY: start is less than the current size of the parcel data buffer, because we haven't
+        // made it any shorter since we got the position.
         unsafe {
             assert!(parcel.set_data_position(start).is_ok());
         }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable_holder.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable_holder.rs
index eb82fb7..f906113 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable_holder.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable_holder.rs
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@
                 }
             }
             ParcelableHolderData::Parcel(ref mut parcel) => {
+                // Safety: 0 should always be a valid position.
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: 0 should always be a valid position.
                     parcel.set_data_position(0)?;
                 }
 
@@ -214,15 +214,15 @@
                 parcelable.write_to_parcel(parcel)?;
 
                 let end = parcel.get_data_position();
+                // Safety: we got the position from `get_data_position`.
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: we got the position from `get_data_position`.
                     parcel.set_data_position(length_start)?;
                 }
 
                 assert!(end >= data_start);
                 parcel.write(&(end - data_start))?;
+                // Safety: we got the position from `get_data_position`.
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: we got the position from `get_data_position`.
                     parcel.set_data_position(end)?;
                 }
 
@@ -260,11 +260,11 @@
         new_parcel.append_from(parcel, data_start, data_size)?;
         *self.data.get_mut().unwrap() = ParcelableHolderData::Parcel(new_parcel);
 
+        // Safety: `append_from` checks if `data_size` overflows
+        // `parcel` and returns `BAD_VALUE` if that happens. We also
+        // explicitly check for negative and zero `data_size` above,
+        // so `data_end` is guaranteed to be greater than `data_start`.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `append_from` checks if `data_size` overflows
-            // `parcel` and returns `BAD_VALUE` if that happens. We also
-            // explicitly check for negative and zero `data_size` above,
-            // so `data_end` is guaranteed to be greater than `data_start`.
             parcel.set_data_position(data_end)?;
         }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
index 036f6b4..dad3379 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
@@ -49,14 +49,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// An `SpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is thread-safe
+/// Safety: An `SpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is
+/// thread-safe.
 unsafe impl Send for SpIBinder {}
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// An `SpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is thread-safe
+/// Safety: An `SpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is
+/// thread-safe.
 unsafe impl Sync for SpIBinder {}
 
 impl SpIBinder {
@@ -97,11 +95,9 @@
     /// Return true if this binder object is hosted in a different process than
     /// the current one.
     pub fn is_remote(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that it always contains a valid
-            // `AIBinder` pointer.
-            sys::AIBinder_isRemote(self.as_native())
-        }
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that it always contains a valid
+        // `AIBinder` pointer.
+        unsafe { sys::AIBinder_isRemote(self.as_native()) }
     }
 
     /// Try to convert this Binder object into a trait object for the given
@@ -116,12 +112,12 @@
     /// Return the interface class of this binder object, if associated with
     /// one.
     pub fn get_class(&mut self) -> Option<InterfaceClass> {
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that it always contains a valid
+        // `AIBinder` pointer. `AIBinder_getClass` returns either a null
+        // pointer or a valid pointer to an `AIBinder_Class`. After mapping
+        // null to None, we can safely construct an `InterfaceClass` if the
+        // pointer was non-null.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that it always contains a valid
-            // `AIBinder` pointer. `AIBinder_getClass` returns either a null
-            // pointer or a valid pointer to an `AIBinder_Class`. After mapping
-            // null to None, we can safely construct an `InterfaceClass` if the
-            // pointer was non-null.
             let class = sys::AIBinder_getClass(self.as_native_mut());
             class.as_ref().map(|p| InterfaceClass::from_ptr(p))
         }
@@ -152,7 +148,8 @@
     ///
     /// See `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
     pub unsafe fn new_spibinder(ptr: *mut sys::AIBinder) -> Option<SpIBinder> {
-        SpIBinder::from_raw(ptr)
+        // Safety: The caller makes the same guarantees as this requires.
+        unsafe { SpIBinder::from_raw(ptr) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -171,30 +168,24 @@
 
 impl AssociateClass for SpIBinder {
     fn associate_class(&mut self, class: InterfaceClass) -> bool {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that it always contains a valid
-            // `AIBinder` pointer. An `InterfaceClass` can always be converted
-            // into a valid `AIBinder_Class` pointer, so these parameters are
-            // always safe.
-            sys::AIBinder_associateClass(self.as_native_mut(), class.into())
-        }
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that it always contains a valid
+        // `AIBinder` pointer. An `InterfaceClass` can always be converted
+        // into a valid `AIBinder_Class` pointer, so these parameters are
+        // always safe.
+        unsafe { sys::AIBinder_associateClass(self.as_native_mut(), class.into()) }
     }
 }
 
 impl Ord for SpIBinder {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
-        let less_than = unsafe {
-            // Safety: SpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so
-            // this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_lt` (null is
-            // also safe to pass to this function, but we should never do that).
-            sys::AIBinder_lt(self.0.as_ptr(), other.0.as_ptr())
-        };
-        let greater_than = unsafe {
-            // Safety: SpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so
-            // this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_lt` (null is
-            // also safe to pass to this function, but we should never do that).
-            sys::AIBinder_lt(other.0.as_ptr(), self.0.as_ptr())
-        };
+        // Safety: SpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so this
+        // pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_lt` (null is also safe to
+        // pass to this function, but we should never do that).
+        let less_than = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_lt(self.0.as_ptr(), other.0.as_ptr()) };
+        // Safety: SpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so this
+        // pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_lt` (null is also safe to
+        // pass to this function, but we should never do that).
+        let greater_than = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_lt(other.0.as_ptr(), self.0.as_ptr()) };
         if !less_than && !greater_than {
             Ordering::Equal
         } else if less_than {
@@ -221,10 +212,10 @@
 
 impl Clone for SpIBinder {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        // Safety: Cloning a strong reference must increment the reference
+        // count. We are guaranteed by the `SpIBinder` constructor
+        // invariants that `self.0` is always a valid `AIBinder` pointer.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: Cloning a strong reference must increment the reference
-            // count. We are guaranteed by the `SpIBinder` constructor
-            // invariants that `self.0` is always a valid `AIBinder` pointer.
             sys::AIBinder_incStrong(self.0.as_ptr());
         }
         Self(self.0)
@@ -235,9 +226,9 @@
     // We hold a strong reference to the IBinder in SpIBinder and need to give up
     // this reference on drop.
     fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Safety: SpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so we
+        // know this pointer is safe to pass to `AIBinder_decStrong` here.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: SpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder` pointer, so we
-            // know this pointer is safe to pass to `AIBinder_decStrong` here.
             sys::AIBinder_decStrong(self.as_native_mut());
         }
     }
@@ -246,26 +237,24 @@
 impl<T: AsNative<sys::AIBinder>> IBinderInternal for T {
     fn prepare_transact(&self) -> Result<Parcel> {
         let mut input = ptr::null_mut();
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. It is safe to cast from an
+        // immutable pointer to a mutable pointer here, because
+        // `AIBinder_prepareTransaction` only calls immutable `AIBinder`
+        // methods but the parameter is unfortunately not marked as const.
+        //
+        // After the call, input will be either a valid, owned `AParcel`
+        // pointer, or null.
         let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. It is safe to cast from an
-            // immutable pointer to a mutable pointer here, because
-            // `AIBinder_prepareTransaction` only calls immutable `AIBinder`
-            // methods but the parameter is unfortunately not marked as const.
-            //
-            // After the call, input will be either a valid, owned `AParcel`
-            // pointer, or null.
             sys::AIBinder_prepareTransaction(self.as_native() as *mut sys::AIBinder, &mut input)
         };
 
         status_result(status)?;
 
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: At this point, `input` is either a valid, owned `AParcel`
-            // pointer, or null. `OwnedParcel::from_raw` safely handles both cases,
-            // taking ownership of the parcel.
-            Parcel::from_raw(input).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
-        }
+        // Safety: At this point, `input` is either a valid, owned `AParcel`
+        // pointer, or null. `OwnedParcel::from_raw` safely handles both cases,
+        // taking ownership of the parcel.
+        unsafe { Parcel::from_raw(input).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL) }
     }
 
     fn submit_transact(
@@ -275,23 +264,23 @@
         flags: TransactionFlags,
     ) -> Result<Parcel> {
         let mut reply = ptr::null_mut();
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. Although `IBinder::transact` is
+        // not a const method, it is still safe to cast our immutable
+        // pointer to mutable for the call. First, `IBinder::transact` is
+        // thread-safe, so concurrency is not an issue. The only way that
+        // `transact` can affect any visible, mutable state in the current
+        // process is by calling `onTransact` for a local service. However,
+        // in order for transactions to be thread-safe, this method must
+        // dynamically lock its data before modifying it. We enforce this
+        // property in Rust by requiring `Sync` for remotable objects and
+        // only providing `on_transact` with an immutable reference to
+        // `self`.
+        //
+        // This call takes ownership of the `data` parcel pointer, and
+        // passes ownership of the `reply` out parameter to its caller. It
+        // does not affect ownership of the `binder` parameter.
         let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. Although `IBinder::transact` is
-            // not a const method, it is still safe to cast our immutable
-            // pointer to mutable for the call. First, `IBinder::transact` is
-            // thread-safe, so concurrency is not an issue. The only way that
-            // `transact` can affect any visible, mutable state in the current
-            // process is by calling `onTransact` for a local service. However,
-            // in order for transactions to be thread-safe, this method must
-            // dynamically lock its data before modifying it. We enforce this
-            // property in Rust by requiring `Sync` for remotable objects and
-            // only providing `on_transact` with an immutable reference to
-            // `self`.
-            //
-            // This call takes ownership of the `data` parcel pointer, and
-            // passes ownership of the `reply` out parameter to its caller. It
-            // does not affect ownership of the `binder` parameter.
             sys::AIBinder_transact(
                 self.as_native() as *mut sys::AIBinder,
                 code,
@@ -302,45 +291,45 @@
         };
         status_result(status)?;
 
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `reply` is either a valid `AParcel` pointer or null
-            // after the call to `AIBinder_transact` above, so we can
-            // construct a `Parcel` out of it. `AIBinder_transact` passes
-            // ownership of the `reply` parcel to Rust, so we need to
-            // construct an owned variant.
-            Parcel::from_raw(reply).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL)
-        }
+        // Safety: `reply` is either a valid `AParcel` pointer or null
+        // after the call to `AIBinder_transact` above, so we can
+        // construct a `Parcel` out of it. `AIBinder_transact` passes
+        // ownership of the `reply` parcel to Rust, so we need to
+        // construct an owned variant.
+        unsafe { Parcel::from_raw(reply).ok_or(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL) }
     }
 
     fn is_binder_alive(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`.
-            //
-            // This call does not affect ownership of its pointer parameter.
-            sys::AIBinder_isAlive(self.as_native())
-        }
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a valid
+        // pointer to an `AIBinder`.
+        //
+        // This call does not affect ownership of its pointer parameter.
+        unsafe { sys::AIBinder_isAlive(self.as_native()) }
     }
 
     #[cfg(not(android_vndk))]
     fn set_requesting_sid(&mut self, enable: bool) {
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a valid
+        // pointer to an `AIBinder`.
+        //
+        // This call does not affect ownership of its pointer parameter.
         unsafe { sys::AIBinder_setRequestingSid(self.as_native_mut(), enable) };
     }
 
     fn dump<F: AsRawFd>(&mut self, fp: &F, args: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
         let args: Vec<_> = args.iter().map(|a| CString::new(*a).unwrap()).collect();
         let mut arg_ptrs: Vec<_> = args.iter().map(|a| a.as_ptr()).collect();
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. `AsRawFd` guarantees that the
+        // file descriptor parameter is always be a valid open file. The
+        // `args` pointer parameter is a valid pointer to an array of C
+        // strings that will outlive the call since `args` lives for the
+        // whole function scope.
+        //
+        // This call does not affect ownership of its binder pointer
+        // parameter and does not take ownership of the file or args array
+        // parameters.
         let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. `AsRawFd` guarantees that the
-            // file descriptor parameter is always be a valid open file. The
-            // `args` pointer parameter is a valid pointer to an array of C
-            // strings that will outlive the call since `args` lives for the
-            // whole function scope.
-            //
-            // This call does not affect ownership of its binder pointer
-            // parameter and does not take ownership of the file or args array
-            // parameters.
             sys::AIBinder_dump(
                 self.as_native_mut(),
                 fp.as_raw_fd(),
@@ -353,22 +342,18 @@
 
     fn get_extension(&mut self) -> Result<Option<SpIBinder>> {
         let mut out = ptr::null_mut();
-        let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. After this call, the `out`
-            // parameter will be either null, or a valid pointer to an
-            // `AIBinder`.
-            //
-            // This call passes ownership of the out pointer to its caller
-            // (assuming it is set to a non-null value).
-            sys::AIBinder_getExtension(self.as_native_mut(), &mut out)
-        };
-        let ibinder = unsafe {
-            // Safety: The call above guarantees that `out` is either null or a
-            // valid, owned pointer to an `AIBinder`, both of which are safe to
-            // pass to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
-            SpIBinder::from_raw(out)
-        };
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. After this call, the `out`
+        // parameter will be either null, or a valid pointer to an
+        // `AIBinder`.
+        //
+        // This call passes ownership of the out pointer to its caller
+        // (assuming it is set to a non-null value).
+        let status = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_getExtension(self.as_native_mut(), &mut out) };
+        // Safety: The call above guarantees that `out` is either null or a
+        // valid, owned pointer to an `AIBinder`, both of which are safe to
+        // pass to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
+        let ibinder = unsafe { SpIBinder::from_raw(out) };
 
         status_result(status)?;
         Ok(ibinder)
@@ -377,17 +362,17 @@
 
 impl<T: AsNative<sys::AIBinder>> IBinder for T {
     fn link_to_death(&mut self, recipient: &mut DeathRecipient) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. `recipient` can always be
+        // converted into a valid pointer to an
+        // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient`.
+        //
+        // The cookie is also the correct pointer, and by calling new_cookie,
+        // we have created a new ref-count to the cookie, which linkToDeath
+        // takes ownership of. Once the DeathRecipient is unlinked for any
+        // reason (including if this call fails), the onUnlinked callback
+        // will consume that ref-count.
         status_result(unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. `recipient` can always be
-            // converted into a valid pointer to an
-            // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient`.
-            //
-            // The cookie is also the correct pointer, and by calling new_cookie,
-            // we have created a new ref-count to the cookie, which linkToDeath
-            // takes ownership of. Once the DeathRecipient is unlinked for any
-            // reason (including if this call fails), the onUnlinked callback
-            // will consume that ref-count.
             sys::AIBinder_linkToDeath(
                 self.as_native_mut(),
                 recipient.as_native_mut(),
@@ -397,13 +382,13 @@
     }
 
     fn unlink_to_death(&mut self, recipient: &mut DeathRecipient) -> Result<()> {
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. `recipient` can always be
+        // converted into a valid pointer to an
+        // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient`. Any value is safe to pass as the
+        // cookie, although we depend on this value being set by
+        // `get_cookie` when the death recipient callback is called.
         status_result(unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`. `recipient` can always be
-            // converted into a valid pointer to an
-            // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient`. Any value is safe to pass as the
-            // cookie, although we depend on this value being set by
-            // `get_cookie` when the death recipient callback is called.
             sys::AIBinder_unlinkToDeath(
                 self.as_native_mut(),
                 recipient.as_native_mut(),
@@ -413,13 +398,11 @@
     }
 
     fn ping_binder(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        let status = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`.
-            //
-            // This call does not affect ownership of its pointer parameter.
-            sys::AIBinder_ping(self.as_native_mut())
-        };
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `self` always contains a
+        // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`.
+        //
+        // This call does not affect ownership of its pointer parameter.
+        let status = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_ping(self.as_native_mut()) };
         status_result(status)
     }
 }
@@ -472,35 +455,31 @@
     }
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// A `WpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is thread-safe.
+/// Safety: A `WpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is
+/// thread-safe.
 unsafe impl Send for WpIBinder {}
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// A `WpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is thread-safe.
+/// Safety: A `WpIBinder` is an immutable handle to a C++ IBinder, which is
+/// thread-safe.
 unsafe impl Sync for WpIBinder {}
 
 impl WpIBinder {
     /// Create a new weak reference from an object that can be converted into a
     /// raw `AIBinder` pointer.
     fn new<B: AsNative<sys::AIBinder>>(binder: &mut B) -> WpIBinder {
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `binder` always contains a
-            // valid pointer to an `AIBinder`.
-            sys::AIBinder_Weak_new(binder.as_native_mut())
-        };
+        // Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `binder` always contains a valid
+        // pointer to an `AIBinder`.
+        let ptr = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_Weak_new(binder.as_native_mut()) };
         Self(ptr::NonNull::new(ptr).expect("Unexpected null pointer from AIBinder_Weak_new"))
     }
 
     /// Promote this weak reference to a strong reference to the binder object.
     pub fn promote(&self) -> Option<SpIBinder> {
+        // Safety: `WpIBinder` always contains a valid weak reference, so we can
+        // pass this pointer to `AIBinder_Weak_promote`. Returns either null or
+        // an AIBinder owned by the caller, both of which are valid to pass to
+        // `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `WpIBinder` always contains a valid weak reference, so we
-            // can pass this pointer to `AIBinder_Weak_promote`. Returns either
-            // null or an AIBinder owned by the caller, both of which are valid
-            // to pass to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
             let ptr = sys::AIBinder_Weak_promote(self.0.as_ptr());
             SpIBinder::from_raw(ptr)
         }
@@ -509,35 +488,27 @@
 
 impl Clone for WpIBinder {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer,
-            // so this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_clone`
-            // (although null is also a safe value to pass to this API).
-            //
-            // We get ownership of the returned pointer, so can construct a new
-            // WpIBinder object from it.
-            sys::AIBinder_Weak_clone(self.0.as_ptr())
-        };
+        // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer, so
+        // this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_clone`
+        // (although null is also a safe value to pass to this API).
+        //
+        // We get ownership of the returned pointer, so can construct a new
+        // WpIBinder object from it.
+        let ptr = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_Weak_clone(self.0.as_ptr()) };
         Self(ptr::NonNull::new(ptr).expect("Unexpected null pointer from AIBinder_Weak_clone"))
     }
 }
 
 impl Ord for WpIBinder {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
-        let less_than = unsafe {
-            // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer,
-            // so this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_lt`
-            // (null is also safe to pass to this function, but we should never
-            // do that).
-            sys::AIBinder_Weak_lt(self.0.as_ptr(), other.0.as_ptr())
-        };
-        let greater_than = unsafe {
-            // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer,
-            // so this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_lt`
-            // (null is also safe to pass to this function, but we should never
-            // do that).
-            sys::AIBinder_Weak_lt(other.0.as_ptr(), self.0.as_ptr())
-        };
+        // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer, so
+        // this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_lt` (null is
+        // also safe to pass to this function, but we should never do that).
+        let less_than = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_Weak_lt(self.0.as_ptr(), other.0.as_ptr()) };
+        // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer, so
+        // this pointer is always safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_lt` (null is
+        // also safe to pass to this function, but we should never do that).
+        let greater_than = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_Weak_lt(other.0.as_ptr(), self.0.as_ptr()) };
         if !less_than && !greater_than {
             Ordering::Equal
         } else if less_than {
@@ -564,9 +535,9 @@
 
 impl Drop for WpIBinder {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer, so we
+        // know this pointer is safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_delete` here.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: WpIBinder always holds a valid `AIBinder_Weak` pointer, so we
-            // know this pointer is safe to pass to `AIBinder_Weak_delete` here.
             sys::AIBinder_Weak_delete(self.0.as_ptr());
         }
     }
@@ -574,7 +545,7 @@
 
 /// Rust wrapper around DeathRecipient objects.
 ///
-/// The cookie in this struct represents an Arc<F> for the owned callback.
+/// The cookie in this struct represents an `Arc<F>` for the owned callback.
 /// This struct owns a ref-count of it, and so does every binder that we
 /// have been linked with.
 ///
@@ -592,17 +563,13 @@
     cookie_decr_refcount: unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut c_void),
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// A `DeathRecipient` is a wrapper around `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` and a pointer
-/// to a `Fn` which is `Sync` and `Send` (the cookie field). As
+/// Safety: A `DeathRecipient` is a wrapper around `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` and
+/// a pointer to a `Fn` which is `Sync` and `Send` (the cookie field). As
 /// `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` is threadsafe, this structure is too.
 unsafe impl Send for DeathRecipient {}
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// A `DeathRecipient` is a wrapper around `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` and a pointer
-/// to a `Fn` which is `Sync` and `Send` (the cookie field). As
+/// Safety: A `DeathRecipient` is a wrapper around `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` and
+/// a pointer to a `Fn` which is `Sync` and `Send` (the cookie field). As
 /// `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` is threadsafe, this structure is too.
 unsafe impl Sync for DeathRecipient {}
 
@@ -614,19 +581,17 @@
         F: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
         let callback: *const F = Arc::into_raw(Arc::new(callback));
-        let recipient = unsafe {
-            // Safety: The function pointer is a valid death recipient callback.
-            //
-            // This call returns an owned `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` pointer
-            // which must be destroyed via `AIBinder_DeathRecipient_delete` when
-            // no longer needed.
-            sys::AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(Some(Self::binder_died::<F>))
-        };
+        // Safety: The function pointer is a valid death recipient callback.
+        //
+        // This call returns an owned `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` pointer which
+        // must be destroyed via `AIBinder_DeathRecipient_delete` when no longer
+        // needed.
+        let recipient = unsafe { sys::AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(Some(Self::binder_died::<F>)) };
+        // Safety: The function pointer is a valid onUnlinked callback.
+        //
+        // All uses of linkToDeath in this file correctly increment the
+        // ref-count that this onUnlinked callback will decrement.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: The function pointer is a valid onUnlinked callback.
-            //
-            // All uses of linkToDeath in this file correctly increment the
-            // ref-count that this onUnlinked callback will decrement.
             sys::AIBinder_DeathRecipient_setOnUnlinked(
                 recipient,
                 Some(Self::cookie_decr_refcount::<F>),
@@ -648,7 +613,12 @@
     ///
     /// The caller must handle the returned ref-count correctly.
     unsafe fn new_cookie(&self) -> *mut c_void {
-        (self.vtable.cookie_incr_refcount)(self.cookie);
+        // Safety: `cookie_incr_refcount` points to
+        // `Self::cookie_incr_refcount`, and `self.cookie` is the cookie for an
+        // Arc<F>.
+        unsafe {
+            (self.vtable.cookie_incr_refcount)(self.cookie);
+        }
 
         // Return a raw pointer with ownership of a ref-count
         self.cookie
@@ -667,13 +637,14 @@
     ///
     /// # Safety
     ///
-    /// The `cookie` parameter must be the cookie for an Arc<F> and
+    /// The `cookie` parameter must be the cookie for an `Arc<F>` and
     /// the caller must hold a ref-count to it.
     unsafe extern "C" fn binder_died<F>(cookie: *mut c_void)
     where
         F: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
-        let callback = (cookie as *const F).as_ref().unwrap();
+        // Safety: The caller promises that `cookie` is for an Arc<F>.
+        let callback = unsafe { (cookie as *const F).as_ref().unwrap() };
         callback();
     }
 
@@ -682,34 +653,34 @@
     ///
     /// # Safety
     ///
-    /// The `cookie` parameter must be the cookie for an Arc<F> and
+    /// The `cookie` parameter must be the cookie for an `Arc<F>` and
     /// the owner must give up a ref-count to it.
     unsafe extern "C" fn cookie_decr_refcount<F>(cookie: *mut c_void)
     where
         F: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
-        drop(Arc::from_raw(cookie as *const F));
+        // Safety: The caller promises that `cookie` is for an Arc<F>.
+        drop(unsafe { Arc::from_raw(cookie as *const F) });
     }
 
     /// Callback that increments the ref-count.
     ///
     /// # Safety
     ///
-    /// The `cookie` parameter must be the cookie for an Arc<F> and
+    /// The `cookie` parameter must be the cookie for an `Arc<F>` and
     /// the owner must handle the created ref-count properly.
     unsafe extern "C" fn cookie_incr_refcount<F>(cookie: *mut c_void)
     where
         F: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
-        let arc = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(Arc::from_raw(cookie as *const F));
+        // Safety: The caller promises that `cookie` is for an Arc<F>.
+        let arc = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(unsafe { Arc::from_raw(cookie as *const F) });
         mem::forget(Arc::clone(&arc));
     }
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// A `DeathRecipient` is always constructed with a valid raw pointer to an
-/// `AIBinder_DeathRecipient`, so it is always type-safe to extract this
+/// Safety: A `DeathRecipient` is always constructed with a valid raw pointer to
+/// an `AIBinder_DeathRecipient`, so it is always type-safe to extract this
 /// pointer.
 unsafe impl AsNative<sys::AIBinder_DeathRecipient> for DeathRecipient {
     fn as_native(&self) -> *const sys::AIBinder_DeathRecipient {
@@ -723,18 +694,19 @@
 
 impl Drop for DeathRecipient {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Safety: `self.recipient` is always a valid, owned
+        // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` pointer returned by
+        // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new` when `self` was created. This delete
+        // method can only be called once when `self` is dropped.
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: `self.recipient` is always a valid, owned
-            // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient` pointer returned by
-            // `AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new` when `self` was created. This
-            // delete method can only be called once when `self` is dropped.
             sys::AIBinder_DeathRecipient_delete(self.recipient);
+        }
 
-            // Safety: We own a ref-count to the cookie, and so does every
-            // linked binder. This call gives up our ref-count. The linked
-            // binders should already have given up their ref-count, or should
-            // do so shortly.
-            (self.vtable.cookie_decr_refcount)(self.cookie)
+        // Safety: We own a ref-count to the cookie, and so does every linked
+        // binder. This call gives up our ref-count. The linked binders should
+        // already have given up their ref-count, or should do so shortly.
+        unsafe {
+            (self.vtable.cookie_decr_refcount)(self.cookie);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -754,11 +726,9 @@
     fn from_binder(binder: SpIBinder) -> Result<Self>;
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This is a convenience method that wraps `AsNative` for `SpIBinder` to allow
-/// invocation of `IBinder` methods directly from `Interface` objects. It shares
-/// the same safety as the implementation for `SpIBinder`.
+/// Safety: This is a convenience method that wraps `AsNative` for `SpIBinder`
+/// to allow invocation of `IBinder` methods directly from `Interface` objects.
+/// It shares the same safety as the implementation for `SpIBinder`.
 unsafe impl<T: Proxy> AsNative<sys::AIBinder> for T {
     fn as_native(&self) -> *const sys::AIBinder {
         self.as_binder().as_native()
@@ -773,24 +743,20 @@
 /// exist.
 pub fn get_service(name: &str) -> Option<SpIBinder> {
     let name = CString::new(name).ok()?;
-    unsafe {
-        // Safety: `AServiceManager_getService` returns either a null pointer or
-        // a valid pointer to an owned `AIBinder`. Either of these values is
-        // safe to pass to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
-        SpIBinder::from_raw(sys::AServiceManager_getService(name.as_ptr()))
-    }
+    // Safety: `AServiceManager_getService` returns either a null pointer or a
+    // valid pointer to an owned `AIBinder`. Either of these values is safe to
+    // pass to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
+    unsafe { SpIBinder::from_raw(sys::AServiceManager_getService(name.as_ptr())) }
 }
 
 /// Retrieve an existing service, or start it if it is configured as a dynamic
 /// service and isn't yet started.
 pub fn wait_for_service(name: &str) -> Option<SpIBinder> {
     let name = CString::new(name).ok()?;
-    unsafe {
-        // Safety: `AServiceManager_waitforService` returns either a null
-        // pointer or a valid pointer to an owned `AIBinder`. Either of these
-        // values is safe to pass to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
-        SpIBinder::from_raw(sys::AServiceManager_waitForService(name.as_ptr()))
-    }
+    // Safety: `AServiceManager_waitforService` returns either a null pointer or
+    // a valid pointer to an owned `AIBinder`. Either of these values is safe to
+    // pass to `SpIBinder::from_raw`.
+    unsafe { SpIBinder::from_raw(sys::AServiceManager_waitForService(name.as_ptr())) }
 }
 
 /// Retrieve an existing service for a particular interface, blocking for a few
@@ -809,12 +775,10 @@
 pub fn is_declared(interface: &str) -> Result<bool> {
     let interface = CString::new(interface).or(Err(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL))?;
 
-    unsafe {
-        // Safety: `interface` is a valid null-terminated C-style string and is
-        // only borrowed for the lifetime of the call. The `interface` local
-        // outlives this call as it lives for the function scope.
-        Ok(sys::AServiceManager_isDeclared(interface.as_ptr()))
-    }
+    // Safety: `interface` is a valid null-terminated C-style string and is only
+    // borrowed for the lifetime of the call. The `interface` local outlives
+    // this call as it lives for the function scope.
+    unsafe { Ok(sys::AServiceManager_isDeclared(interface.as_ptr())) }
 }
 
 /// Retrieve all declared instances for a particular interface
@@ -827,11 +791,13 @@
         // CString, and outlives this callback. The null handling here is just
         // to avoid the possibility of unwinding across C code if this crate is
         // ever compiled with panic=unwind.
-        if let Some(instances) = opaque.cast::<Vec<CString>>().as_mut() {
+        if let Some(instances) = unsafe { opaque.cast::<Vec<CString>>().as_mut() } {
             // Safety: instance is a valid null-terminated C string with a
             // lifetime at least as long as this function, and we immediately
             // copy it into an owned CString.
-            instances.push(CStr::from_ptr(instance).to_owned());
+            unsafe {
+                instances.push(CStr::from_ptr(instance).to_owned());
+            }
         } else {
             eprintln!("Opaque pointer was null in get_declared_instances callback!");
         }
@@ -839,10 +805,10 @@
 
     let interface = CString::new(interface).or(Err(StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL))?;
     let mut instances: Vec<CString> = vec![];
+    // Safety: `interface` and `instances` are borrowed for the length of this
+    // call and both outlive the call. `interface` is guaranteed to be a valid
+    // null-terminated C-style string.
     unsafe {
-        // Safety: `interface` and `instances` are borrowed for the length of
-        // this call and both outlive the call. `interface` is guaranteed to be
-        // a valid null-terminated C-style string.
         sys::AServiceManager_forEachDeclaredInstance(
             interface.as_ptr(),
             &mut instances as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
@@ -860,10 +826,8 @@
         })
 }
 
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `SpIBinder` guarantees that `binder` always contains a valid pointer to an
-/// `AIBinder`, so we can trivially extract this pointer here.
+/// Safety: `SpIBinder` guarantees that `binder` always contains a valid pointer
+/// to an `AIBinder`, so we can trivially extract this pointer here.
 unsafe impl AsNative<sys::AIBinder> for SpIBinder {
     fn as_native(&self) -> *const sys::AIBinder {
         self.0.as_ptr()
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/state.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/state.rs
index b35511d..a3a2562 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/state.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/state.rs
@@ -22,35 +22,48 @@
 pub struct ProcessState;
 
 impl ProcessState {
-    /// Start the Binder IPC thread pool
+    /// Starts the Binder IPC thread pool.
     ///
-    /// Starts 1 thread, plus allows the kernel to lazily start up to 'num_threads'
-    /// additional threads as specified by set_thread_pool_max_thread_count.
+    /// Starts 1 thread, plus allows the kernel to lazily start up to
+    /// `num_threads` additional threads as specified by
+    /// [`set_thread_pool_max_thread_count`](Self::set_thread_pool_max_thread_count).
+    ///
+    /// This should be done before creating any Binder client or server. If
+    /// neither this nor [`join_thread_pool`](Self::join_thread_pool) are
+    /// called, then some things (such as callbacks and
+    /// [`IBinder::link_to_death`](crate::IBinder::link_to_death)) will silently
+    /// not work: the callbacks will be queued but never called as there is no
+    /// thread to call them on.
     pub fn start_thread_pool() {
+        // Safety: Safe FFI
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI
             sys::ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
         }
     }
 
-    /// Set the maximum number of threads that can be started in the threadpool.
+    /// Sets the maximum number of threads that can be started in the
+    /// threadpool.
     ///
-    /// By default, after startThreadPool is called, this is 15. If it is called
-    /// additional times, the thread pool size can only be increased.
+    /// By default, after [`start_thread_pool`](Self::start_thread_pool) is
+    /// called, this is 15. If it is called additional times, the thread pool
+    /// size can only be increased.
     pub fn set_thread_pool_max_thread_count(num_threads: u32) {
+        // Safety: Safe FFI
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI
             sys::ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(num_threads);
         }
     }
 
-    /// Block on the Binder IPC thread pool
+    /// Blocks on the Binder IPC thread pool by adding the current thread to the
+    /// pool.
     ///
-    /// This adds additional threads in addition to what is created by
-    /// set_thread_pool_max_thread_count and start_thread_pool.
+    /// Note that this adds the current thread in addition to those that are
+    /// created by
+    /// [`set_thread_pool_max_thread_count`](Self::set_thread_pool_max_thread_count)
+    /// and [`start_thread_pool`](Self::start_thread_pool).
     pub fn join_thread_pool() {
+        // Safety: Safe FFI
         unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI
             sys::ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
         }
     }
@@ -73,10 +86,8 @@
     /// \return calling uid or the current process's UID if this thread isn't
     /// processing a transaction.
     pub fn get_calling_uid() -> uid_t {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI
-            sys::AIBinder_getCallingUid()
-        }
+        // Safety: Safe FFI
+        unsafe { sys::AIBinder_getCallingUid() }
     }
 
     /// This returns the calling PID assuming that this thread is called from a
@@ -98,10 +109,8 @@
     /// If the transaction being processed is a oneway transaction, then this
     /// method will return 0.
     pub fn get_calling_pid() -> pid_t {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI
-            sys::AIBinder_getCallingPid()
-        }
+        // Safety: Safe FFI
+        unsafe { sys::AIBinder_getCallingPid() }
     }
 
     /// Determine whether the current thread is currently executing an incoming transaction.
@@ -109,10 +118,8 @@
     /// \return true if the current thread is currently executing an incoming transaction, and false
     /// otherwise.
     pub fn is_handling_transaction() -> bool {
-        unsafe {
-            // Safety: Safe FFI
-            sys::AIBinder_isHandlingTransaction()
-        }
+        // Safety: Safe FFI
+        unsafe { sys::AIBinder_isHandlingTransaction() }
     }
 
     /// This function makes the client's security context available to the
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs
index ca2cedc..c049b80 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/integration.rs
@@ -545,6 +545,11 @@
     }
 
     fn get_expected_selinux_context() -> &'static str {
+        // SAFETY: The pointer we pass to `getcon` is valid because it comes from a reference, and
+        // `getcon` doesn't retain it after it returns. If `getcon` succeeds then `out_ptr` will
+        // point to a valid C string, otherwise it will remain null. We check for null, so the
+        // pointer we pass to `CStr::from_ptr` must be a valid pointer to a C string. There is a
+        // memory leak as we don't call `freecon`, but that's fine because this is just a test.
         unsafe {
             let mut out_ptr = ptr::null_mut();
             assert_eq!(selinux_sys::getcon(&mut out_ptr), 0);
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/ndk_rust_interop.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/ndk_rust_interop.rs
index 415ede1..37f182e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/ndk_rust_interop.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/ndk_rust_interop.rs
@@ -28,10 +28,11 @@
 ///
 /// # Safety
 ///
-/// service_name must be a valid, non-null C-style string (null-terminated).
+/// service_name must be a valid, non-null C-style string (nul-terminated).
 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_call_ndk(service_name: *const c_char) -> c_int {
-    let service_name = CStr::from_ptr(service_name).to_str().unwrap();
+    // SAFETY: Our caller promises that service_name is a valid C string.
+    let service_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(service_name) }.to_str().unwrap();
 
     // The Rust class descriptor pointer will not match the NDK one, but the
     // descriptor strings match so this needs to still associate.
@@ -85,10 +86,11 @@
 ///
 /// # Safety
 ///
-/// service_name must be a valid, non-null C-style string (null-terminated).
+/// service_name must be a valid, non-null C-style string (nul-terminated).
 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_start_service(service_name: *const c_char) -> c_int {
-    let service_name = CStr::from_ptr(service_name).to_str().unwrap();
+    // SAFETY: Our caller promises that service_name is a valid C string.
+    let service_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(service_name) }.to_str().unwrap();
     let service = BnBinderRustNdkInteropTest::new_binder(Service, BinderFeatures::default());
     match binder::add_service(service_name, service.as_binder()) {
         Ok(_) => StatusCode::OK as c_int,
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs
index 29bf92c..ce0f742 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/parcel_fuzzer/parcel_fuzzer.rs
@@ -105,9 +105,9 @@
     for operation in read_operations {
         match operation {
             ReadOperation::SetDataPosition { pos } => {
+                // Safety: Safe if pos is less than current size of the parcel.
+                // It relies on C++ code for bound checks
                 unsafe {
-                    // Safety: Safe if pos is less than current size of the parcel.
-                    // It relies on C++ code for bound checks
                     match parcel.set_data_position(pos) {
                         Ok(result) => result,
                         Err(e) => println!("error occurred while setting data position: {:?}", e),
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.rs
index 6220db4..2b6c282 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 use binder::binder_impl::{Binder, BorrowedParcel, TransactionCode};
 
 use std::ffi::{c_void, CStr, CString};
-use std::sync::Once;
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
 #[allow(
     non_camel_case_types,
@@ -70,20 +70,18 @@
     };
 }
 
-static SERVICE_ONCE: Once = Once::new();
-static mut SERVICE: Option<SpIBinder> = None;
+static SERVICE: OnceLock<SpIBinder> = OnceLock::new();
 
 /// Start binder service and return a raw AIBinder pointer to it.
 ///
 /// Safe to call multiple times, only creates the service once.
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn rust_service() -> *mut c_void {
-    unsafe {
-        SERVICE_ONCE.call_once(|| {
-            SERVICE = Some(BnReadParcelTest::new_binder((), BinderFeatures::default()).as_binder());
-        });
-        SERVICE.as_ref().unwrap().as_raw().cast()
-    }
+    let service = SERVICE
+        .get_or_init(|| BnReadParcelTest::new_binder((), BinderFeatures::default()).as_binder());
+    // SAFETY: The SpIBinder will remain alive as long as the program is running because it is in
+    // the static SERVICE, so the pointer is valid forever.
+    unsafe { service.as_raw().cast() }
 }
 
 /// Empty interface just to use the declare_binder_interface macro
@@ -113,11 +111,13 @@
         bindings::Transaction_TEST_BOOL => {
             assert!(parcel.read::<bool>()?);
             assert!(!parcel.read::<bool>()?);
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<bool>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_BOOL });
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<bool>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&true)?;
             reply.write(&false)?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_BOOL }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<bool>>))?;
         }
@@ -125,14 +125,18 @@
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i8>()?, 0);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i8>()?, 1);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i8>()?, i8::max_value());
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<i8>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I8 });
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<u8>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_U8 });
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<i8>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&0i8)?;
             reply.write(&1i8)?;
             reply.write(&i8::max_value())?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I8 }[..])?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_U8 }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<i8>>))?;
         }
@@ -140,12 +144,14 @@
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u16>()?, 0);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u16>()?, 1);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u16>()?, u16::max_value());
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<u16>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_CHARS });
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<u16>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&0u16)?;
             reply.write(&1u16)?;
             reply.write(&u16::max_value())?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_CHARS }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<u16>>))?;
         }
@@ -153,12 +159,14 @@
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>()?, 0);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>()?, 1);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>()?, i32::max_value());
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<i32>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I32 });
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<i32>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&0i32)?;
             reply.write(&1i32)?;
             reply.write(&i32::max_value())?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I32 }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<i32>>))?;
         }
@@ -166,12 +174,14 @@
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i64>()?, 0);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i64>()?, 1);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i64>()?, i64::max_value());
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<i64>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I64 });
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<i64>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&0i64)?;
             reply.write(&1i64)?;
             reply.write(&i64::max_value())?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I64 }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<i64>>))?;
         }
@@ -179,12 +189,14 @@
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u64>()?, 0);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u64>()?, 1);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u64>()?, u64::max_value());
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<u64>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_U64 });
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<u64>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&0u64)?;
             reply.write(&1u64)?;
             reply.write(&u64::max_value())?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_U64 }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<u64>>))?;
         }
@@ -192,10 +204,12 @@
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<f32>()?, 0f32);
             let floats = parcel.read::<Vec<f32>>()?;
             assert!(floats[0].is_nan());
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(floats[1..], unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_FLOAT }[1..]);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<f32>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&0f32)?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_FLOAT }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<f32>>))?;
         }
@@ -203,10 +217,12 @@
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<f64>()?, 0f64);
             let doubles = parcel.read::<Vec<f64>>()?;
             assert!(doubles[0].is_nan());
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             assert_eq!(doubles[1..], unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_DOUBLE }[1..]);
             assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<f64>>>()?, None);
 
             reply.write(&0f64)?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_DOUBLE }[..])?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<f64>>))?;
         }
@@ -216,14 +232,17 @@
             let s: Option<String> = parcel.read()?;
             assert_eq!(s, None);
             let s: Option<Vec<Option<String>>> = parcel.read()?;
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             for (s, expected) in s.unwrap().iter().zip(unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_STRS }.iter()) {
                 let expected =
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
                     unsafe { expected.as_ref().and_then(|e| CStr::from_ptr(e).to_str().ok()) };
                 assert_eq!(s.as_deref(), expected);
             }
             let s: Option<Vec<Option<String>>> = parcel.read()?;
             assert_eq!(s, None);
 
+            // SAFETY: Just reading an extern constant.
             let strings: Vec<Option<String>> = unsafe {
                 bindings::TESTDATA_STRS
                     .iter()
@@ -258,8 +277,7 @@
             assert!(ibinders[1].is_none());
             assert!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<Option<SpIBinder>>>>()?.is_none());
 
-            let service =
-                unsafe { SERVICE.as_ref().expect("Global binder service not initialized").clone() };
+            let service = SERVICE.get().expect("Global binder service not initialized").clone();
             reply.write(&service)?;
             reply.write(&(None as Option<&SpIBinder>))?;
             reply.write(&[Some(&service), None][..])?;
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
index 45c3a90..b268c5d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/libbinder_driver.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
 namespace android {
 
 void fuzzService(const sp<IBinder>& binder, FuzzedDataProvider&& provider) {
@@ -40,7 +42,12 @@
     // Always take so that a perturbation of just the one ConsumeBool byte will always
     // take the same path, but with a different UID. Without this, the fuzzer needs to
     // guess both the change in value and the shift at the same time.
-    int64_t maybeSetUid = provider.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
+    int64_t maybeSetUid = provider.PickValueInArray<int64_t>(
+            {static_cast<int64_t>(AID_ROOT) << 32, static_cast<int64_t>(AID_SYSTEM) << 32,
+             provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int64_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(AID_ROOT) << 32,
+                                                      static_cast<int64_t>(AID_USER) << 32),
+             provider.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>()});
+
     if (provider.ConsumeBool()) {
         // set calling uid
         IPCThreadState::self()->restoreCallingIdentity(maybeSetUid);
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/TestServiceFuzzer.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/TestServiceFuzzer.cpp
index 7fbf2d0..46205d7 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/TestServiceFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/TestServiceFuzzer.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
 using android::binder::Status;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -29,6 +31,8 @@
     ON_PLAIN,
     ON_BINDER,
     ON_KNOWN_UID,
+    ON_SYSTEM_AID,
+    ON_ROOT_AID,
 };
 
 // This service is to verify that fuzzService is functioning properly
@@ -48,6 +52,18 @@
                 }
                 break;
             }
+            case CrashType::ON_SYSTEM_AID: {
+                if (IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid() == AID_SYSTEM) {
+                    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Expected crash, AID_SYSTEM.");
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case CrashType::ON_ROOT_AID: {
+                if (IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid() == AID_ROOT) {
+                    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Expected crash, AID_ROOT.");
+                }
+                break;
+            }
             default:
                 break;
         }
@@ -99,6 +115,10 @@
         gCrashType = CrashType::ON_PLAIN;
     } else if (arg == "KNOWN_UID") {
         gCrashType = CrashType::ON_KNOWN_UID;
+    } else if (arg == "AID_SYSTEM") {
+        gCrashType = CrashType::ON_SYSTEM_AID;
+    } else if (arg == "AID_ROOT") {
+        gCrashType = CrashType::ON_ROOT_AID;
     } else if (arg == "BINDER") {
         gCrashType = CrashType::ON_BINDER;
     } else {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh
index e568035..25906d8 100755
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/test_fuzzer/run_fuzz_service_test.sh
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     exit 1
 fi
 
-for CRASH_TYPE in PLAIN KNOWN_UID BINDER; do
+for CRASH_TYPE in PLAIN KNOWN_UID AID_SYSTEM AID_ROOT BINDER; do
     echo "INFO: Running fuzzer : test_service_fuzzer_should_crash $CRASH_TYPE"
 
     ./test_service_fuzzer_should_crash "$CRASH_TYPE" -max_total_time=30 &>"$FUZZER_OUT"
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/OWNERS b/libs/gui/tests/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..156efdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Android > Android OS & Apps > Framework (Java + Native) > Window Manager > Surfaces
+# Bug component: 316245 = per-file BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp, DisplayInfo_test.cpp, EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp, WindowInfos_test.cpp
+# Buganizer template url: https://b.corp.google.com/issues/new?component=316245&template=1018194 = per-file BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp, DisplayInfo_test.cpp, EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp, WindowInfos_test.cpp
diff --git a/libs/input/OWNERS b/libs/input/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c88bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/input/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/frameworks/base:/INPUT_OWNERS
diff --git a/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp b/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp
index 073da89..8675f14 100644
--- a/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp
@@ -304,6 +304,12 @@
             return std::string("BGRA_8888");
         case android::PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8:
             return std::string("R_8");
+        case android::PIXEL_FORMAT_R_16_UINT:
+            return std::string("R_16_UINT");
+        case android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RG_1616_UINT:
+            return std::string("RG_1616_UINT");
+        case android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_10101010:
+            return std::string("RGBA_10101010");
         default:
             return StringPrintf("Unknown %#08x", format);
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/OWNERS b/services/inputflinger/OWNERS
index c88bfe9..21d208f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/OWNERS
+++ b/services/inputflinger/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 136048
 include platform/frameworks/base:/INPUT_OWNERS
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorFusion.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorFusion.cpp
index e27b52b..5c00260 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorFusion.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorFusion.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "SensorService.h"
 
 #include <android/util/ProtoOutputStream.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <frameworks/base/core/proto/android/service/sensor_service.proto.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -60,10 +61,12 @@
             mGyro = uncalibratedGyro;
         }
 
-        // 200 Hz for gyro events is a good compromise between precision
-        // and power/cpu usage.
-        mEstimatedGyroRate = 200;
-        mTargetDelayNs = 1000000000LL/mEstimatedGyroRate;
+        // Wearable devices will want to tune this parameter
+        // to 100 (Hz) in device.mk to save some power.
+        int32_t value = property_get_int32(
+            "sensors.aosp_low_power_sensor_fusion.maximum_rate", 200);
+        mEstimatedGyroRate = static_cast<float>(value);
+        mTargetDelayNs = 1000000000LL / mEstimatedGyroRate;
 
         for (int i = 0; i<NUM_FUSION_MODE; ++i) {
             mFusions[i].init(i);
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/tests/sensorservicetest.cpp b/services/sensorservice/tests/sensorservicetest.cpp
index caf7f03..1406bb3 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/tests/sensorservicetest.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/tests/sensorservicetest.cpp
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
                 printf("ALOOPER_POLL_TIMEOUT\n");
                 break;
             case ALOOPER_POLL_ERROR:
-                printf("ALOOPER_POLL_TIMEOUT\n");
+                printf("ALOOPER_POLL_ERROR\n");
                 break;
             default:
                 printf("ugh? poll returned %d\n", ret);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
index 4e7da82..4734097 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 adyabr@google.com
 alecmouri@google.com
 chaviw@google.com
+domlaskowski@google.com
 lpy@google.com
 pdwilliams@google.com
 racarr@google.com
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/OWNERS b/services/vibratorservice/OWNERS
index d073e2b..031b333 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/OWNERS
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 345036
+
 include platform/frameworks/base:/services/core/java/com/android/server/vibrator/OWNERS
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index c46036a..64393be 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/common/1.0/types.h>
 #include <grallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.h>
 #include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
@@ -25,8 +26,6 @@
 #include <sync/sync.h>
 #include <system/window.h>
 #include <ui/BufferQueueDefs.h>
-#include <ui/DebugUtils.h>
-#include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@
 
 #include "driver.h"
 
+using PixelFormat = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::BufferUsage;
 
 namespace vulkan {
@@ -489,27 +489,27 @@
     *count = num_copied;
 }
 
-android::PixelFormat GetNativePixelFormat(VkFormat format) {
-    android::PixelFormat native_format = android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+PixelFormat GetNativePixelFormat(VkFormat format) {
+    PixelFormat native_format = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
     switch (format) {
         case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
         case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB:
-            native_format = android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+            native_format = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
             break;
         case VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16:
-            native_format = android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565;
+            native_format = PixelFormat::RGB_565;
             break;
         case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT:
-            native_format = android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16;
+            native_format = PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16;
             break;
         case VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32:
-            native_format = android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102;
+            native_format = PixelFormat::RGBA_1010102;
             break;
         case VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
-            native_format = android::PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8;
+            native_format = PixelFormat::R_8;
             break;
         case VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16:
-            native_format = android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_10101010;
+            native_format = PixelFormat::RGBA_10101010;
             break;
         default:
             ALOGV("unsupported swapchain format %d", format);
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@
     if (!allocator)
         allocator = &GetData(device).allocator;
 
-    android::PixelFormat native_pixel_format =
+    PixelFormat native_pixel_format =
         GetNativePixelFormat(create_info->imageFormat);
     android_dataspace native_dataspace =
         GetNativeDataspace(create_info->imageColorSpace);
@@ -1351,10 +1351,11 @@
 
     const auto& dispatch = GetData(device).driver;
 
-    err = native_window_set_buffers_format(window, native_pixel_format);
+    err = native_window_set_buffers_format(
+        window, static_cast<int>(native_pixel_format));
     if (err != android::OK) {
         ALOGE("native_window_set_buffers_format(%s) failed: %s (%d)",
-              decodePixelFormat(native_pixel_format).c_str(), strerror(-err), err);
+              toString(native_pixel_format).c_str(), strerror(-err), err);
         return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
     }