diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h
index f680460..daee83b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurface.h
@@ -16,15 +16,16 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
-
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
 namespace android {
 
 class GraphicBuffer;
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@
     virtual void prepareFrame(bool usesClientComposition, bool usesDeviceComposition) = 0;
 
     // Allocates a buffer as scratch space for GPU composition
-    virtual sp<GraphicBuffer> dequeueBuffer(base::unique_fd* bufferFence) = 0;
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> dequeueBuffer(
+            base::unique_fd* bufferFence) = 0;
 
     // Queues the drawn buffer for consumption by HWC. readyFence is the fence
     // which will fire when the buffer is ready for consumption.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h
index a1230b3..a8d372c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/RenderSurfaceCreationArgs.h
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 
     // The DisplaySurface for this surface
     sp<DisplaySurface> displaySurface;
+
+    size_t maxTextureCacheSize;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -81,6 +83,11 @@
         return *this;
     }
 
+    RenderSurfaceCreationArgsBuilder& setMaxTextureCacheSize(size_t maxTextureCacheSize) {
+        mArgs.maxTextureCacheSize = maxTextureCacheSize;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
 private:
     RenderSurfaceCreationArgs mArgs;
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h
index 48a54d6..c61ec59 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/HwcBufferCache.h>
-#include <renderengine/Mesh.h>
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <ui/FloatRect.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 
     // Overrides the buffer, acquire fence, and display frame stored in LayerFECompositionState
     struct {
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = nullptr;
+        std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer = nullptr;
         sp<Fence> acquireFence = nullptr;
         Rect displayFrame = {};
         ui::Dataspace dataspace{ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h
index 5127a6f..a8a5380 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h
@@ -16,12 +16,16 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
-
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <compositionengine/RenderSurface.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
+#include "renderengine/RenderEngine.h"
+
 struct ANativeWindow;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -54,7 +58,8 @@
     void setProtected(bool useProtected) override;
     status_t beginFrame(bool mustRecompose) override;
     void prepareFrame(bool usesClientComposition, bool usesDeviceComposition) override;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> dequeueBuffer(base::unique_fd* bufferFence) override;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> dequeueBuffer(
+            base::unique_fd* bufferFence) override;
     void queueBuffer(base::unique_fd readyFence) override;
     void onPresentDisplayCompleted() override;
     void flip() override;
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@
     // Testing
     void setPageFlipCountForTest(std::uint32_t);
     void setSizeForTest(const ui::Size&);
-    sp<GraphicBuffer>& mutableGraphicBufferForTest();
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& mutableTextureForTest();
     base::unique_fd& mutableBufferReadyForTest();
 
 private:
@@ -75,10 +80,13 @@
 
     // ANativeWindow being rendered into
     const sp<ANativeWindow> mNativeWindow;
-    // Current buffer being rendered into
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> mGraphicBuffer;
+
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>> mTextureCache;
+    // Current texture being rendered into
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mTexture;
     const sp<DisplaySurface> mDisplaySurface;
     ui::Size mSize;
+    const size_t mMaxTextureCacheSize;
     bool mProtected{false};
     std::uint32_t mPageFlipCount{0};
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
index c5d03a7..53f4a30 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/CachedSet.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
     const Rect& getBounds() const { return mBounds; }
     const Region& getVisibleRegion() const { return mVisibleRegion; }
     size_t getAge() const { return mAge; }
-    const sp<GraphicBuffer>& getBuffer() const { return mTexture.getBuffer(); }
+    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& getBuffer() const { return mTexture; }
     const sp<Fence>& getDrawFence() const { return mDrawFence; }
     const ProjectionSpace& getOutputSpace() const { return mOutputSpace; }
     ui::Dataspace getOutputDataspace() const { return mOutputDataspace; }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 
     void setLastUpdate(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now) { mLastUpdate = now; }
     void append(const CachedSet& other) {
-        mTexture.setBuffer(nullptr, nullptr);
+        mTexture = nullptr;
         mOutputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
         mDrawFence = nullptr;
 
@@ -115,31 +115,7 @@
     Region mVisibleRegion;
     size_t mAge = 0;
 
-    class Texture {
-    public:
-        ~Texture() { setBuffer(nullptr, nullptr); }
-
-        void setBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, renderengine::RenderEngine* re) {
-            if (mRE && mBuffer) {
-                mRE->unbindExternalTextureBuffer(mBuffer->getId());
-            }
-
-            mBuffer = buffer;
-            mRE = re;
-
-            if (mRE && mBuffer) {
-                mRE->cacheExternalTextureBuffer(mBuffer);
-            }
-        }
-
-        const sp<GraphicBuffer>& getBuffer() const { return mBuffer; }
-
-    private:
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer = nullptr;
-        renderengine::RenderEngine* mRE = nullptr;
-    };
-
-    Texture mTexture;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mTexture;
     sp<Fence> mDrawFence;
     ProjectionSpace mOutputSpace;
     ui::Dataspace mOutputDataspace;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h
index a0cae6f..fe858c2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD1(setBufferPixelFormat, void(ui::PixelFormat));
     MOCK_METHOD1(beginFrame, status_t(bool mustRecompose));
     MOCK_METHOD2(prepareFrame, void(bool, bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(dequeueBuffer, sp<GraphicBuffer>(base::unique_fd*));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(dequeueBuffer, std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(base::unique_fd*));
     MOCK_METHOD1(queueBuffer, void(base::unique_fd));
     MOCK_METHOD0(onPresentDisplayCompleted, void());
     MOCK_METHOD0(flip, void());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index 3ac5433..3468b20 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <thread>
-
+#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <compositionengine/CompositionEngine.h>
 #include <compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h>
@@ -29,7 +28,9 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h>
 
-#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
@@ -715,11 +716,11 @@
         bool skipLayer = false;
         if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer != nullptr) {
             if (previousOverride != nullptr &&
-                layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer == previousOverride) {
+                layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer() == previousOverride) {
                 ALOGV("Skipping redundant buffer");
                 skipLayer = true;
             }
-            previousOverride = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+            previousOverride = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer();
         }
 
         const bool includeGeometry = refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame;
@@ -978,14 +979,15 @@
     }
 
     base::unique_fd fd;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> tex;
 
     // If we aren't doing client composition on this output, but do have a
     // flipClientTarget request for this frame on this output, we still need to
     // dequeue a buffer.
     if (hasClientComposition || outputState.flipClientTarget) {
-        buf = mRenderSurface->dequeueBuffer(&fd);
-        if (buf == nullptr) {
+        tex = mRenderSurface->dequeueBuffer(&fd);
+        if (tex == nullptr) {
             ALOGW("Dequeuing buffer for display [%s] failed, bailing out of "
                   "client composition for this frame",
                   mName.c_str());
@@ -1030,13 +1032,14 @@
     // Check if the client composition requests were rendered into the provided graphic buffer. If
     // so, we can reuse the buffer and avoid client composition.
     if (mClientCompositionRequestCache) {
-        if (mClientCompositionRequestCache->exists(buf->getId(), clientCompositionDisplay,
+        if (mClientCompositionRequestCache->exists(tex->getBuffer()->getId(),
+                                                   clientCompositionDisplay,
                                                    clientCompositionLayers)) {
             outputCompositionState.reusedClientComposition = true;
             setExpensiveRenderingExpected(false);
             return readyFence;
         }
-        mClientCompositionRequestCache->add(buf->getId(), clientCompositionDisplay,
+        mClientCompositionRequestCache->add(tex->getBuffer()->getId(), clientCompositionDisplay,
                                             clientCompositionLayers);
     }
 
@@ -1069,12 +1072,12 @@
     // over to RenderEngine, in which case this flag can be removed from the drawLayers interface.
     const bool useFramebufferCache = outputState.layerStackInternal;
     status_t status =
-            renderEngine.drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, buf,
+            renderEngine.drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, tex,
                                     useFramebufferCache, std::move(fd), &readyFence);
 
     if (status != NO_ERROR && mClientCompositionRequestCache) {
         // If rendering was not successful, remove the request from the cache.
-        mClientCompositionRequestCache->remove(buf->getId());
+        mClientCompositionRequestCache->remove(tex->getBuffer()->getId());
     }
 
     auto& timeStats = getCompositionEngine().getTimeStats();
@@ -1151,9 +1154,9 @@
 
             std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> results;
             if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer != nullptr) {
-                if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer != previousOverrideBuffer) {
+                if (layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer() != previousOverrideBuffer) {
                     results = layer->getOverrideCompositionList();
-                    previousOverrideBuffer = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+                    previousOverrideBuffer = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer();
                     ALOGV("Replacing [%s] with override in RE", layer->getLayerFE().getDebugName());
                 } else {
                     ALOGV("Skipping redundant override buffer for [%s] in RE",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
index f640f85..9ca8914 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = outputIndependentState.buffer;
     sp<Fence> acquireFence = outputIndependentState.acquireFence;
     if (getState().overrideInfo.buffer != nullptr) {
-        buffer = getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+        buffer = getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer();
         acquireFence = getState().overrideInfo.acquireFence;
     }
 
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
     settings.geometry = renderengine::Geometry{
             .boundaries = boundaries.toFloatRect(),
     };
-    settings.bufferId = getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getId();
+    settings.bufferId = getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer()->getId();
     settings.source = renderengine::PixelSource{
             .buffer = renderengine::Buffer{
                     .buffer = getState().overrideInfo.buffer,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
index 3bef77d..ef50870 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/DumpHelpers.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/RenderSurface.h>
-
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <system/window.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@
         mDisplay(display),
         mNativeWindow(args.nativeWindow),
         mDisplaySurface(args.displaySurface),
-        mSize(args.displayWidth, args.displayHeight) {
+        mSize(args.displayWidth, args.displayHeight),
+        mMaxTextureCacheSize(args.maxTextureCacheSize) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mNativeWindow);
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +147,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-sp<GraphicBuffer> RenderSurface::dequeueBuffer(base::unique_fd* bufferFence) {
+std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> RenderSurface::dequeueBuffer(
+        base::unique_fd* bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     int fd = -1;
     ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer = nullptr;
@@ -158,16 +160,41 @@
               mDisplay.getName().c_str(), result);
         // Return fast here as we can't do much more - any rendering we do
         // now will just be wrong.
-        return mGraphicBuffer;
+        return mTexture;
     }
 
-    ALOGW_IF(mGraphicBuffer != nullptr, "Clobbering a non-null pointer to a buffer [%p].",
-             mGraphicBuffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle);
-    mGraphicBuffer = GraphicBuffer::from(buffer);
+    ALOGW_IF(mTexture != nullptr, "Clobbering a non-null pointer to a buffer [%p].",
+             mTexture->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer()->handle);
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> newBuffer = GraphicBuffer::from(buffer);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> texture;
+
+    for (auto it = mTextureCache.begin(); it != mTextureCache.end(); it++) {
+        const auto& cachedTexture = *it;
+        if (cachedTexture->getBuffer()->getId() == newBuffer->getId()) {
+            texture = cachedTexture;
+            mTextureCache.erase(it);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (texture) {
+        mTexture = texture;
+    } else {
+        mTexture = std::make_shared<
+                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(GraphicBuffer::from(buffer),
+                                               mCompositionEngine.getRenderEngine(),
+                                               renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    }
+    mTextureCache.push_back(mTexture);
+    if (mTextureCache.size() > mMaxTextureCacheSize) {
+        mTextureCache.erase(mTextureCache.begin());
+    }
 
     *bufferFence = base::unique_fd(fd);
 
-    return mGraphicBuffer;
+    return mTexture;
 }
 
 void RenderSurface::queueBuffer(base::unique_fd readyFence) {
@@ -177,24 +204,24 @@
         // hasFlipClientTargetRequest could return true even if we haven't
         // dequeued a buffer before. Try dequeueing one if we don't have a
         // buffer ready.
-        if (mGraphicBuffer == nullptr) {
+        if (mTexture == nullptr) {
             ALOGI("Attempting to queue a client composited buffer without one "
                   "previously dequeued for display [%s]. Attempting to dequeue "
                   "a scratch buffer now",
                   mDisplay.getName().c_str());
-            // We shouldn't deadlock here, since mGraphicBuffer == nullptr only
+            // We shouldn't deadlock here, since mTexture == nullptr only
             // after a successful call to queueBuffer, or if dequeueBuffer has
             // never been called.
             base::unique_fd unused;
             dequeueBuffer(&unused);
         }
 
-        if (mGraphicBuffer == nullptr) {
+        if (mTexture == nullptr) {
             ALOGE("No buffer is ready for display [%s]", mDisplay.getName().c_str());
         } else {
-            status_t result =
-                    mNativeWindow->queueBuffer(mNativeWindow.get(),
-                                               mGraphicBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), dup(readyFence));
+            status_t result = mNativeWindow->queueBuffer(mNativeWindow.get(),
+                                                         mTexture->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(),
+                                                         dup(readyFence));
             if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("Error when queueing buffer for display [%s]: %d", mDisplay.getName().c_str(),
                       result);
@@ -204,11 +231,12 @@
                     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("ANativeWindow::queueBuffer failed with error: %d", result);
                 } else {
                     mNativeWindow->cancelBuffer(mNativeWindow.get(),
-                                                mGraphicBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), dup(readyFence));
+                                                mTexture->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(),
+                                                dup(readyFence));
                 }
             }
 
-            mGraphicBuffer = nullptr;
+            mTexture = nullptr;
         }
     }
 
@@ -256,8 +284,8 @@
     mSize = size;
 }
 
-sp<GraphicBuffer>& RenderSurface::mutableGraphicBufferForTest() {
-    return mGraphicBuffer;
+std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& RenderSurface::mutableTextureForTest() {
+    return mTexture;
 }
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
index dcb7555..53557bb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 }
 
 bool CachedSet::hasReadyBuffer() const {
-    return mTexture.getBuffer() != nullptr && mDrawFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Signaled;
+    return mTexture != nullptr && mDrawFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Signaled;
 }
 
 std::vector<CachedSet> CachedSet::decompose() const {
@@ -217,21 +217,27 @@
     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer(static_cast<uint32_t>(mBounds.getWidth()),
                                                  static_cast<uint32_t>(mBounds.getHeight()),
                                                  HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usageFlags);
+    const auto texture = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(buffer, renderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(buffer->initCheck() != OK);
     base::unique_fd drawFence;
 
-    status_t result = renderEngine.drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers, buffer, false,
-                                              base::unique_fd(), &drawFence);
+    status_t result = renderEngine.drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers, mTexture,
+                                              false, base::unique_fd(), &drawFence);
 
     if (result == NO_ERROR) {
-        mTexture.setBuffer(buffer, &renderEngine);
         mDrawFence = new Fence(drawFence.release());
         mOutputSpace = ProjectionSpace(ui::Size(outputState.framebufferSpace.bounds.getWidth(),
                                                 outputState.framebufferSpace.bounds.getHeight()),
                                        mBounds);
+        mTexture = std::move(texture);
         mOutputSpace.orientation = outputState.framebufferSpace.orientation;
         mOutputDataspace = outputDataspace;
         mOrientation = orientation;
+    } else {
+        mTexture = nullptr;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
index ad75557..3a2534b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Planner.cpp
@@ -111,7 +111,12 @@
     const GraphicBuffer* currentOverrideBuffer = nullptr;
     bool hasSkippedLayers = false;
     for (auto layer : layers) {
-        const GraphicBuffer* overrideBuffer = layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer.get();
+        if (!layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const GraphicBuffer* overrideBuffer =
+                layer->getState().overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer().get();
         if (overrideBuffer != nullptr && overrideBuffer == currentOverrideBuffer) {
             // Skip this layer since it is part of a previous cached set
             hasSkippedLayers = true;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
index 8a4d161..4c3f494 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "MockHWC2.h"
 #include "MockHWComposer.h"
 #include "RegionMatcher.h"
+#include "renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h"
 
 namespace android::compositionengine {
 namespace {
@@ -715,7 +716,7 @@
     static const HdrMetadata kHdrMetadata;
     static native_handle_t* kSidebandStreamHandle;
     static const sp<GraphicBuffer> kBuffer;
-    static const sp<GraphicBuffer> kOverrideBuffer;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> kOverrideBuffer;
     static const sp<Fence> kFence;
     static const sp<Fence> kOverrideFence;
     static const std::string kLayerGenericMetadata1Key;
@@ -724,6 +725,11 @@
     static const std::vector<uint8_t> kLayerGenericMetadata2Value;
 
     OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest() {
+        kOverrideBuffer = std::make_shared<
+                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
+                                               renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                       renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::
+                                                               WRITEABLE);
         auto& outputLayerState = mOutputLayer.editState();
         outputLayerState.hwc = impl::OutputLayerCompositionState::Hwc(mHwcLayer);
 
@@ -839,6 +845,7 @@
 
     std::shared_ptr<HWC2::mock::Layer> mHwcLayer{std::make_shared<StrictMock<HWC2::mock::Layer>>()};
     StrictMock<mock::DisplayColorProfile> mDisplayColorProfile;
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
 };
 
 const half4 OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kColor{81.f / 255.f, 82.f / 255.f, 83.f / 255.f,
@@ -858,7 +865,6 @@
 native_handle_t* OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kSidebandStreamHandle =
         reinterpret_cast<native_handle_t*>(1031);
 const sp<GraphicBuffer> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kBuffer;
-const sp<GraphicBuffer> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
 const sp<Fence> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kFence;
 const sp<Fence> OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideFence = new Fence();
 const std::string OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kLayerGenericMetadata1Key =
@@ -1023,7 +1029,7 @@
                               kOverrideBufferTransform, kOverrideBlendMode, kOverrideAlpha);
     expectPerFrameCommonCalls(SimulateUnsupported::None, kOverrideDataspace, kOverrideVisibleRegion,
                               kOverrideSurfaceDamage);
-    expectSetHdrMetadataAndBufferCalls(kOverrideBuffer, kOverrideFence);
+    expectSetHdrMetadataAndBufferCalls(kOverrideBuffer->getBuffer(), kOverrideFence);
     expectSetCompositionTypeCall(Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
 
     mOutputLayer.writeStateToHWC(/*includeGeometry*/ true, /*skipLayer*/ false);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index 5f0b0ee..e80100c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <cmath>
-
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/Output.h>
@@ -31,9 +29,12 @@
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 #include "CallOrderStateMachineHelper.h"
 #include "MockHWC2.h"
 #include "RegionMatcher.h"
+#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 
 namespace android::compositionengine {
 namespace {
@@ -2960,7 +2961,10 @@
     mock::DisplayColorProfile* mDisplayColorProfile = new StrictMock<mock::DisplayColorProfile>();
     mock::RenderSurface* mRenderSurface = new StrictMock<mock::RenderSurface>();
     StrictMock<OutputPartialMock> mOutput;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> mOutputBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> mOutputBuffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
 
     std::optional<base::unique_fd> mReadyFence;
 };
@@ -3173,7 +3177,10 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> otherOutputBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    const auto otherOutputBuffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(mOutputBuffer))
             .WillOnce(Return(otherOutputBuffer));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
index 5ef5d7b..9aeb290 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
  */
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
@@ -239,9 +241,9 @@
                     DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(buffer.get()), SetArgPointee<1>(-1), Return(NO_ERROR)));
 
     base::unique_fd fence;
-    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.dequeueBuffer(&fence).get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.dequeueBuffer(&fence)->getBuffer().get());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableTextureForTest()->getBuffer().get());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -249,8 +251,11 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesNoClientComposition) {
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
-    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
+    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), mRenderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = false;
@@ -261,43 +266,45 @@
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(buffer.get(), mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesClientComposition) {
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
-    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
+    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(),
+                                                                        mRenderEngine, false);
+    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = true;
     state.flipClientTarget = false;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, getState()).WillOnce(ReturnRef(state));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, advanceFrame()).Times(1);
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesFlipClientTargetRequest) {
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
-    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
+    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(),
+                                                                        mRenderEngine, false);
+    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = false;
     state.flipClientTarget = true;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, getState()).WillOnce(ReturnRef(state));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, advanceFrame()).Times(1);
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesFlipClientTargetRequestWithNoBufferYetDequeued) {
@@ -317,27 +324,28 @@
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, queueBufferHandlesNativeWindowQueueBufferFailureOnVirtualDisplay) {
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
-    mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest() = buffer;
+    const auto buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(),
+                                                                        mRenderEngine, false);
+    mSurface.mutableTextureForTest() = buffer;
 
     impl::OutputCompositionState state;
     state.usesClientComposition = true;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, getState()).WillOnce(ReturnRef(state));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, queueBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(INVALID_OPERATION));
     EXPECT_CALL(mDisplay, isVirtual()).WillOnce(Return(true));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, cancelBuffer(buffer->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, cancelBuffer(buffer->getBuffer()->getNativeBuffer(), -1))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, advanceFrame()).Times(1);
 
     mSurface.queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableGraphicBufferForTest().get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, mSurface.mutableTextureForTest().get());
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
index f01fe27..283c692 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
@@ -305,8 +305,8 @@
 
     const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                                 const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
-                                base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
+                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
         EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2, 2), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
         EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content, displaySettings.clip);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation),
@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE1, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList1));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, cacheExternalTextureBuffer(_));
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mOutputState);
     expectReadyBuffer(cachedSet);
 
@@ -331,7 +330,6 @@
               cachedSet.getOutputSpace().bounds);
 
     // Now check that appending a new cached set properly cleans up RenderEngine resources.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, unbindExternalTextureBuffer(_));
     CachedSet::Layer& layer3 = *mTestLayers[2]->cachedSetLayer.get();
     cachedSet.append(CachedSet(layer3));
 }