diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
index fc0801c..3e6d2e0 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_unlock/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_set_priority/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_set_priority/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_command/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_command/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/binder/binder_return/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/binder/binder_return/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/i2c/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/events/i2c/enable
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/i2c/i2c_read/enable
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
index 4081514..a401838 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <binder/BpBinder.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
@@ -117,10 +118,26 @@
     });
 
     if (!found) {
+        std::set<std::string> instances;
+        forEachManifest([&](const ManifestWithDescription& mwd) {
+            std::set<std::string> res = mwd.manifest->getAidlInstances(aname.package, aname.iface);
+            instances.insert(res.begin(), res.end());
+            return true;
+        });
+
+        std::string available;
+        if (instances.empty()) {
+            available = "No alternative instances declared in VINTF";
+        } else {
+            // for logging only. We can't return this information to the client
+            // because they may not have permissions to find or list those
+            // instances
+            available = "VINTF declared instances: " + base::Join(instances, ", ");
+        }
         // Although it is tested, explicitly rebuilding qualified name, in case it
         // becomes something unexpected.
-        ALOGI("Could not find %s.%s/%s in the VINTF manifest.", aname.package.c_str(),
-              aname.iface.c_str(), aname.instance.c_str());
+        ALOGI("Could not find %s.%s/%s in the VINTF manifest. %s.", aname.package.c_str(),
+              aname.iface.c_str(), aname.instance.c_str(), available.c_str());
     }
 
     return found;
diff --git a/include/ftl/OWNERS b/include/ftl/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f61292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/frameworks/native:/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/ftl/enum.h b/include/ftl/enum.h
index 075d12b..2c86e2e 100644
--- a/include/ftl/enum.h
+++ b/include/ftl/enum.h
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 
 #include <ftl/string.h>
 
-// Returns the name of enumerator E::V (i.e. "V") as std::optional<std::string_view> by parsing the
-// compiler-generated string literal for the signature of this function. The function is defined in
-// the global namespace with a short name and inferred return type to reduce bloat in the read-only
-// data segment.
-template <typename E, E V>
-constexpr auto ftl_enum() {
+// Returns the name of enumerator E::V and optionally the class (i.e. "E::V" or "V") as
+// std::optional<std::string_view> by parsing the compiler-generated string literal for the
+// signature of this function. The function is defined in the global namespace with a short name
+// and inferred return type to reduce bloat in the read-only data segment.
+template <bool S, typename E, E V>
+constexpr auto ftl_enum_builder() {
   static_assert(std::is_enum_v<E>);
 
   using R = std::optional<std::string_view>;
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@
   //   V = android::test::Enum::kValue
   //
   view = view.substr(value_begin);
-  const auto name_begin = view.rfind("::"sv);
+  const auto pos = S ? view.rfind("::"sv) - 2 : view.npos;
+
+  const auto name_begin = view.rfind("::"sv, pos);
   if (name_begin == view.npos) return R{};
 
   // Chop off the leading "::".
@@ -68,6 +70,18 @@
   return name.find(')') == view.npos ? R{name} : R{};
 }
 
+// Returns the name of enumerator E::V (i.e. "V") as std::optional<std::string_view>
+template <typename E, E V>
+constexpr auto ftl_enum() {
+  return ftl_enum_builder<false, E, V>();
+}
+
+// Returns the name of enumerator and class E::V (i.e. "E::V") as std::optional<std::string_view>
+template <typename E, E V>
+constexpr auto ftl_enum_full() {
+  return ftl_enum_builder<true, E, V>();
+}
+
 namespace android::ftl {
 
 // Trait for determining whether a type is specifically a scoped enum or not. By definition, a
@@ -191,6 +205,11 @@
   static constexpr auto value = ftl_enum<decltype(V), V>();
 };
 
+template <auto V>
+struct EnumNameFull {
+  static constexpr auto value = ftl_enum_full<decltype(V), V>();
+};
+
 template <auto I>
 struct FlagName {
   using E = decltype(I);
@@ -230,6 +249,18 @@
   return *kName;
 }
 
+// Returns a stringified enumerator with class at compile time.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C };
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name<E::B>() == "E::B");
+//
+template <auto V>
+constexpr std::string_view enum_name_full() {
+  constexpr auto kName = ftl_enum_full<decltype(V), V>();
+  static_assert(kName, "Unknown enumerator");
+  return *kName;
+}
+
 // Returns a stringified enumerator, possibly at compile time.
 //
 //   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
@@ -249,6 +280,25 @@
   return kRange.values[value - kBegin];
 }
 
+// Returns a stringified enumerator with class, possibly at compile time.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E::C).value_or("?") == "E::C");
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
+//
+template <typename E>
+constexpr std::optional<std::string_view> enum_name_full(E v) {
+  const auto value = to_underlying(v);
+
+  constexpr auto kBegin = to_underlying(enum_begin_v<E>);
+  constexpr auto kLast = to_underlying(enum_last_v<E>);
+  if (value < kBegin || value > kLast) return {};
+
+  constexpr auto kRange = details::EnumRange<E, details::EnumNameFull>{};
+  return kRange.values[value - kBegin];
+}
+
 // Returns a stringified flag enumerator, possibly at compile time.
 //
 //   enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
@@ -282,6 +332,21 @@
   return to_string(to_underlying(v));
 }
 
+// Returns a stringified enumerator with class, or its integral value if not named.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   assert(ftl::enum_string(E::C) == "E::C");
+//   assert(ftl::enum_string(E{3}) == "3");
+//
+template <typename E>
+inline std::string enum_string_full(E v) {
+  if (const auto name = enum_name_full(v)) {
+      return std::string(*name);
+  }
+  return to_string(to_underlying(v));
+}
+
 // Returns a stringified flag enumerator, or its integral value if not named.
 //
 //   enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
diff --git a/include/input/InputVerifier.h b/include/input/InputVerifier.h
index b857482..14dd463 100644
--- a/include/input/InputVerifier.h
+++ b/include/input/InputVerifier.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 public:
     InputVerifier(const std::string& name);
 
-    android::base::Result<void> processMovement(int32_t deviceId, int32_t action,
+    android::base::Result<void> processMovement(int32_t deviceId, int32_t source, int32_t action,
                                                 uint32_t pointerCount,
                                                 const PointerProperties* pointerProperties,
                                                 const PointerCoords* pointerCoords, int32_t flags);
diff --git a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
index 589df9a..ef0ae4f 100644
--- a/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@
 // Another arbitrary value a binder count needs to drop below before another callback will be called
 uint32_t BpBinder::sBinderProxyCountLowWatermark = 2000;
 
+std::atomic<uint32_t> BpBinder::sBinderProxyCount(0);
+std::atomic<uint32_t> BpBinder::sBinderProxyCountWarned(0);
+
+static constexpr uint32_t kBinderProxyCountWarnInterval = 5000;
+
 // Log any transactions for which the data exceeds this size
 #define LOG_TRANSACTIONS_OVER_SIZE (300 * 1024)
 
@@ -193,6 +198,18 @@
         }
         sTrackingMap[trackedUid]++;
     }
+    uint32_t numProxies = sBinderProxyCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    uint32_t numLastWarned = sBinderProxyCountWarned.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    uint32_t numNextWarn = numLastWarned + kBinderProxyCountWarnInterval;
+    if (numProxies >= numNextWarn) {
+        // Multiple threads can get here, make sure only one of them gets to
+        // update the warn counter.
+        if (sBinderProxyCountWarned.compare_exchange_strong(numLastWarned,
+                                                            numNextWarn,
+                                                            std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+            ALOGW("Unexpectedly many live BinderProxies: %d\n", numProxies);
+        }
+    }
     return sp<BpBinder>::make(BinderHandle{handle}, trackedUid);
 }
 
@@ -604,6 +621,7 @@
             }
         }
     }
+    --sBinderProxyCount;
 
     if (ipc) {
         ipc->expungeHandle(binderHandle(), this);
@@ -688,6 +706,11 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+uint32_t BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount()
+{
+    return sBinderProxyCount.load();
+}
+
 void BpBinder::getCountByUid(Vector<uint32_t>& uids, Vector<uint32_t>& counts)
 {
     AutoMutex _l(sTrackingLock);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
index 5496d61..a5c6094 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
     static void         setCountByUidEnabled(bool enable);
     static void         setLimitCallback(binder_proxy_limit_callback cb);
     static void         setBinderProxyCountWatermarks(int high, int low);
+    static uint32_t     getBinderProxyCount();
 
     std::optional<int32_t> getDebugBinderHandle() const;
 
@@ -208,6 +209,8 @@
     static uint32_t                             sBinderProxyCountLowWatermark;
     static bool                                 sBinderProxyThrottleCreate;
     static std::unordered_map<int32_t,uint32_t> sLastLimitCallbackMap;
+    static std::atomic<uint32_t>                sBinderProxyCount;
+    static std::atomic<uint32_t>                sBinderProxyCountWarned;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
index 76c7aac..4786c89 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
index 8ee396e..8fb755c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
@@ -80,6 +80,28 @@
     require_root: true,
 }
 
+cc_test_host {
+    name: "libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host",
+    defaults: ["test_libbinder_ndk_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    test_options: {
+        unit_test: true,
+    },
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libfakeservicemanager",
+        "libgmock",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "binderVendorDoubleLoadTest",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
index 3724fa1..15708ca 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "android/binder_ibinder.h"
@@ -433,22 +432,6 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, AIBinder_ping(binder.get()));
 }
 
-// TEST(NdkBinder, IsUpdatable) {
-//     bool isUpdatable =
-//     AServiceManager_isUpdatableViaApex("android.hardware.light.ILights/default");
-//     EXPECT_EQ(isUpdatable, true);
-// }
-//
-// TEST(NdkBinder, GetUpdatableViaApex) {
-//     std::optional<std::string> updatableViaApex;
-//     AServiceManager_getUpdatableApexName(
-//             "android.hardware.light.ILights/default", &updatableViaApex,
-//             [](const char* apexName, void* context) {
-//                 *static_cast<std::optional<std::string>*>(context) = apexName;
-//             });
-//     EXPECT_NE(updatableViaApex, std::nullopt) << *updatableViaApex;
-// }
-
 // This is too slow
 TEST(NdkBinder, CheckLazyServiceShutDown) {
     ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(kLazyBinderNdkUnitTestService));
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a3021d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test_host.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <utils/String16.h>
+#include <utils/String8.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h"
+
+using android::FakeServiceManager;
+using android::setDefaultServiceManager;
+using android::sp;
+using android::String16;
+using android::String8;
+using testing::_;
+using testing::Eq;
+using testing::Mock;
+using testing::NiceMock;
+using testing::Optional;
+using testing::Return;
+
+struct MockServiceManager : FakeServiceManager {
+    MOCK_METHOD1(updatableViaApex, std::optional<String16>(const String16&));
+};
+
+struct AServiceManager : testing::Test {
+    static sp<MockServiceManager> mockSM;
+
+    static void InitMock() {
+        mockSM = new NiceMock<MockServiceManager>;
+        setDefaultServiceManager(mockSM);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { Mock::VerifyAndClear(mockSM.get()); }
+
+    void ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(std::optional<String16> apexName) {
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mockSM, updatableViaApex(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(apexName));
+    }
+};
+
+sp<MockServiceManager> AServiceManager::mockSM;
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, isUpdatableViaApex) {
+    auto apexFoo = String16("com.android.hardware.foo");
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(apexFoo);
+
+    bool isUpdatable = AServiceManager_isUpdatableViaApex("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(isUpdatable, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, isUpdatableViaApex_Not) {
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(std::nullopt);
+
+    bool isUpdatable = AServiceManager_isUpdatableViaApex("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(isUpdatable, false);
+}
+
+void getUpdatableApexNameCallback(const char* apexName, void* context) {
+    *(static_cast<std::optional<std::string>*>(context)) = apexName;
+}
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, getUpdatableApexName) {
+    auto apexFoo = String16("com.android.hardware.foo");
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(apexFoo);
+
+    std::optional<std::string> result;
+    AServiceManager_getUpdatableApexName("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default", &result,
+                                         getUpdatableApexNameCallback);
+    EXPECT_THAT(result, Optional(std::string(String8(apexFoo))));
+}
+
+TEST_F(AServiceManager, getUpdatableApexName_Null) {
+    ExpectUpdatableViaApexReturns(std::nullopt);
+
+    std::optional<std::string> result;
+    AServiceManager_getUpdatableApexName("android.hardware.foo.IFoo/default", &result,
+                                         getUpdatableApexNameCallback);
+    EXPECT_THAT(result, Eq(std::nullopt));
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    AServiceManager::InitMock();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
index e021af0..0396869 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderLibTest.cpp
@@ -1441,6 +1441,36 @@
     EXPECT_GE(epochMsAfter, epochMsBefore + delay);
 }
 
+TEST_F(BinderLibTest, BinderProxyCount) {
+    Parcel data, reply;
+    sp<IBinder> server = addServer();
+    ASSERT_NE(server, nullptr);
+
+    uint32_t initialCount = BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount();
+    size_t iterations = 100;
+    {
+        uint32_t count = initialCount;
+        std::vector<sp<IBinder> > proxies;
+        sp<IBinder> proxy;
+        // Create binder proxies and verify the count.
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            ASSERT_THAT(server->transact(BINDER_LIB_TEST_CREATE_BINDER_TRANSACTION, data, &reply),
+                        StatusEq(NO_ERROR));
+            proxies.push_back(reply.readStrongBinder());
+            EXPECT_EQ(BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount(), ++count);
+        }
+        // Remove every other one and verify the count.
+        auto it = proxies.begin();
+        for (size_t i = 0; it != proxies.end(); i++) {
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                it = proxies.erase(it);
+                EXPECT_EQ(BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount(), --count);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(BpBinder::getBinderProxyCount(), initialCount);
+}
+
 class BinderLibRpcTestBase : public BinderLibTest {
 public:
     void SetUp() override {
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_fd.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_fd.cpp
index e4dbb2d..7390d49 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_fd.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/parcel_fuzzer/random_fd.cpp
@@ -29,40 +29,65 @@
     const char* fdType;
 
     std::vector<unique_fd> fds = provider->PickValueInArray<
-            std::function<std::vector<unique_fd>()>>({
-            [&]() {
-                fdType = "ashmem";
-                std::vector<unique_fd> ret;
-                ret.push_back(unique_fd(
-                        ashmem_create_region("binder test region",
-                                             provider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, 4096))));
-                return ret;
-            },
-            [&]() {
-                fdType = "/dev/null";
-                std::vector<unique_fd> ret;
-                ret.push_back(unique_fd(open("/dev/null", O_RDWR)));
-                return ret;
-            },
-            [&]() {
-                fdType = "pipefd";
+            std::function<std::vector<unique_fd>()>>(
+            {[&]() {
+                 fdType = "ashmem";
+                 std::vector<unique_fd> ret;
+                 ret.push_back(unique_fd(
+                         ashmem_create_region("binder test region",
+                                              provider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, 4096))));
+                 return ret;
+             },
+             [&]() {
+                 fdType = "/dev/null";
+                 std::vector<unique_fd> ret;
+                 ret.push_back(unique_fd(open("/dev/null", O_RDWR)));
+                 return ret;
+             },
+             [&]() {
+                 fdType = "pipefd";
 
-                int pipefds[2];
+                 int pipefds[2];
 
-                int flags = O_CLOEXEC;
-                if (provider->ConsumeBool()) flags |= O_DIRECT;
-                if (provider->ConsumeBool()) flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
+                 int flags = O_CLOEXEC;
+                 if (provider->ConsumeBool()) flags |= O_DIRECT;
+                 if (provider->ConsumeBool()) flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
 
-                CHECK_EQ(0, pipe2(pipefds, flags)) << flags;
+                 CHECK_EQ(0, pipe2(pipefds, flags)) << flags;
 
-                if (provider->ConsumeBool()) std::swap(pipefds[0], pipefds[1]);
+                 if (provider->ConsumeBool()) std::swap(pipefds[0], pipefds[1]);
 
-                std::vector<unique_fd> ret;
-                ret.push_back(unique_fd(pipefds[0]));
-                ret.push_back(unique_fd(pipefds[1]));
-                return ret;
-            },
-    })();
+                 std::vector<unique_fd> ret;
+                 ret.push_back(unique_fd(pipefds[0]));
+                 ret.push_back(unique_fd(pipefds[1]));
+                 return ret;
+             },
+             [&]() {
+                 fdType = "tempfd";
+                 char name[PATH_MAX];
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+                 snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/data/local/tmp/android-tempfd-test-%d-XXXXXX",
+                          getpid());
+#else
+                 snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/tmp/android-tempfd-test-%d-XXXXXX", getpid());
+#endif
+                 int fd = mkstemp(name);
+                 CHECK_NE(fd, -1) << "Failed to create file " << name << ", errno: " << errno;
+                 unlink(name);
+                 if (provider->ConsumeBool()) {
+                     CHECK_NE(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+                                      ftruncate(fd,
+                                                provider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, 4096))),
+                              -1)
+                             << "Failed to truncate file, errno: " << errno;
+                 }
+
+                 std::vector<unique_fd> ret;
+                 ret.push_back(unique_fd(fd));
+                 return ret;
+             }
+
+            })();
 
     for (const auto& fd : fds) CHECK(fd.ok()) << fd.get() << " " << fdType;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp
index 09cb216..b80ac53 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/unit_fuzzers/BufferedTextOutputFuzz.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <commonFuzzHelpers.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "BufferedTextOutput.h"
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/Android.bp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ecf94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+android_app {
+    name: "BufferStreamsDemoApp",
+    srcs: ["java/**/*.java"],
+    sdk_version: "current",
+
+    jni_uses_platform_apis: true,
+    jni_libs: ["libbufferstreamdemoapp"],
+    use_embedded_native_libs: true,
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.appcompat_appcompat",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..872193c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="com.android.graphics.bufferstreamsdemoapp"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
+
+    <application
+        android:allowBackup="true"
+        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
+        android:label="@string/app_name"
+        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
+        android:supportsRtl="true"
+        android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light"
+        tools:targetApi="34">
+        <activity
+            android:name=".MainActivity"
+            android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+    </application>
+
+</manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/java/com/android/graphics/bufferstreamsdemoapp/MainActivity.java b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/java/com/android/graphics/bufferstreamsdemoapp/MainActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67b95a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/java/com/android/graphics/bufferstreamsdemoapp/MainActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.android.graphics.bufferstreamsdemoapp;
+
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.widget.TextView;
+import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
+
+public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
+    // Used to load the 'bufferstreamsdemoapp' library on application startup.
+    static { System.loadLibrary("bufferstreamdemoapp"); }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+        RunBufferQueue();
+        System.out.println("stringFromJNI: " + stringFromJNI());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A native method that is implemented by the 'bufferstreamsdemoapp' native
+     * library, which is packaged with this application.
+     */
+    public native String stringFromJNI();
+    public native void RunBufferQueue();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/Android.bp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67910a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libbufferstreamdemoapp",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-error=unused-parameter",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgui",
+        "libbase",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
+    srcs: ["*.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/main.cpp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34e0eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/jni/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <jni.h>
+
+#include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
+
+extern "C"
+{
+    JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
+    Java_com_android_graphics_bufferstreamsdemoapp_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
+            JNIEnv *env,
+            jobject /* this */) {
+        const char* hello = "Hello from C++";
+        return env->NewStringUTF(hello);
+    }
+
+    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
+    Java_com_android_graphics_bufferstreamsdemoapp_MainActivity_RunBufferQueue(
+            JNIEnv *env,
+            jobject /* this */) {
+        android::sp<android::IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
+        android::sp<android::IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
+        android::BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07d5da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:width="108dp"
+    android:height="108dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="108"
+    android:viewportHeight="108">
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#3DDC84"
+        android:pathData="M0,0h108v108h-108z" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M9,0L9,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,0L19,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M29,0L29,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M39,0L39,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M49,0L49,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M59,0L59,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M69,0L69,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M79,0L79,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M89,0L89,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M99,0L99,108"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,9L108,9"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,19L108,19"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,29L108,29"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,39L108,39"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,49L108,49"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,59L108,59"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,69L108,69"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,79L108,79"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,89L108,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M0,99L108,99"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,29L89,29"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,39L89,39"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,49L89,49"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,59L89,59"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,69L89,69"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M19,79L89,79"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M29,19L29,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M39,19L39,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M49,19L49,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M59,19L59,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M69,19L69,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#00000000"
+        android:pathData="M79,19L79,89"
+        android:strokeWidth="0.8"
+        android:strokeColor="#33FFFFFF" />
+</vector>
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b068d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:aapt="http://schemas.android.com/aapt"
+    android:width="108dp"
+    android:height="108dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="108"
+    android:viewportHeight="108">
+    <path android:pathData="M31,63.928c0,0 6.4,-11 12.1,-13.1c7.2,-2.6 26,-1.4 26,-1.4l38.1,38.1L107,108.928l-32,-1L31,63.928z">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="85.84757"
+                android:endY="92.4963"
+                android:startX="42.9492"
+                android:startY="49.59793"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#44000000"
+                    android:offset="0.0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#00000000"
+                    android:offset="1.0" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#FFFFFF"
+        android:fillType="nonZero"
+        android:pathData="M65.3,45.828l3.8,-6.6c0.2,-0.4 0.1,-0.9 -0.3,-1.1c-0.4,-0.2 -0.9,-0.1 -1.1,0.3l-3.9,6.7c-6.3,-2.8 -13.4,-2.8 -19.7,0l-3.9,-6.7c-0.2,-0.4 -0.7,-0.5 -1.1,-0.3C38.8,38.328 38.7,38.828 38.9,39.228l3.8,6.6C36.2,49.428 31.7,56.028 31,63.928h46C76.3,56.028 71.8,49.428 65.3,45.828zM43.4,57.328c-0.8,0 -1.5,-0.5 -1.8,-1.2c-0.3,-0.7 -0.1,-1.5 0.4,-2.1c0.5,-0.5 1.4,-0.7 2.1,-0.4c0.7,0.3 1.2,1 1.2,1.8C45.3,56.528 44.5,57.328 43.4,57.328L43.4,57.328zM64.6,57.328c-0.8,0 -1.5,-0.5 -1.8,-1.2s-0.1,-1.5 0.4,-2.1c0.5,-0.5 1.4,-0.7 2.1,-0.4c0.7,0.3 1.2,1 1.2,1.8C66.5,56.528 65.6,57.328 64.6,57.328L64.6,57.328z"
+        android:strokeWidth="1"
+        android:strokeColor="#00000000" />
+</vector>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/layout/activity_main.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/layout/activity_main.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79fb331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/layout/activity_main.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    tools:context=".MainActivity">
+
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/sample_text"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="Hello World!"
+        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="100dp"
+        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="100dp" />
+
+</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f3b755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <background android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_background" />
+    <foreground android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+    <monochrome android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+</adaptive-icon>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher_round.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher_round.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f3b755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-anydpi/ic_launcher_round.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <background android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_background" />
+    <foreground android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+    <monochrome android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
+</adaptive-icon>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c209e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2dfe3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f0f1d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62b611d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..948a307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b9a695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d4b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9287f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa7d642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9126ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/colors.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/colors.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8c6127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/colors.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <color name="purple_200">#FFBB86FC</color>
+    <color name="purple_500">#FF6200EE</color>
+    <color name="purple_700">#FF3700B3</color>
+    <color name="teal_200">#FF03DAC5</color>
+    <color name="teal_700">#FF018786</color>
+    <color name="black">#FF000000</color>
+    <color name="white">#FFFFFFFF</color>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/strings.xml b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e652102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/examples/app/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<resources>
+    <string name="app_name">Buffer Demos</string>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp
index ff95148..7fcb222 100644
--- a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/Android.bp
@@ -12,13 +12,26 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+rust_defaults {
+    name: "libbufferstreams_defaults",
+    srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
+    rustlibs: [
+        "libanyhow",
+        "libnativewindow_rs",
+    ],
+    edition: "2021",
+}
+
 rust_library {
     name: "libbufferstreams",
     crate_name: "bufferstreams",
-    srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
-    edition: "2021",
-    rlibs: [
-        "libnativewindow_rs",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libbufferstreams_defaults"],
     min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
+
+rust_test {
+    name: "libbufferstreams-internal_test",
+    crate_name: "bufferstreams",
+    defaults: ["libbufferstreams_defaults"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs
index 1d321c8..87f3104 100644
--- a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,14 @@
 
 //! libbufferstreams: Reactive Streams for Graphics Buffers
 
+pub mod publishers;
+mod stream_config;
+pub mod subscribers;
+pub mod subscriptions;
+
+pub use stream_config::*;
+
 use nativewindow::*;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use std::time::Instant;
 
 /// This function will print Hello World.
@@ -31,28 +37,30 @@
 ///
 /// BufferPublishers are required to adhere to the following, based on the
 /// reactive streams specification:
-/// *   The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
+/// * The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be less than or equal to the total number of elements requested by that
 /// Subscriber´s Subscription at all times.
-/// *   A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
+/// * A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
 /// Subscription by calling on_complete or on_error.
-/// *   on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
+/// * on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be signaled serially.
-/// *   If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
-/// *   If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
+/// * If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
+/// * If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
 /// on_complete.
-/// *   If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
+/// * If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
 /// that Subscriber’s Subscription MUST be considered cancelled.
-/// *   Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
+/// * Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
 /// REQUIRED that no further signals occur.
-/// *   If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
+/// * If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
 ///  signaled.
-/// *  A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
+/// * A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
 /// Subscription is unicast or multicast.
 pub trait BufferPublisher {
+    /// Returns the StreamConfig of buffers that publisher creates.
+    fn get_publisher_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig;
     /// This function will create the subscription between the publisher and
     /// the subscriber.
-    fn subscribe(&self, subscriber: Weak<dyn BufferSubscriber>);
+    fn subscribe(&mut self, subscriber: impl BufferSubscriber + 'static);
 }
 
 /// BufferSubscribers can subscribe to BufferPublishers. They can request Frames
@@ -61,35 +69,37 @@
 ///
 /// BufferSubcribers are required to adhere to the following, based on the
 /// reactive streams specification:
-/// *   The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
+/// * The total number of on_next´s signalled by a Publisher to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be less than or equal to the total number of elements requested by that
 /// Subscriber´s Subscription at all times.
-/// *   A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
+/// * A Publisher MAY signal fewer on_next than requested and terminate the
 /// Subscription by calling on_complete or on_error.
-/// *   on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
+/// * on_subscribe, on_next, on_error and on_complete signaled to a Subscriber
 /// MUST be signaled serially.
-/// *   If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
-/// *   If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
+/// * If a Publisher fails it MUST signal an on_error.
+/// * If a Publisher terminates successfully (finite stream) it MUST signal an
 /// on_complete.
-/// *   If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
+/// * If a Publisher signals either on_error or on_complete on a Subscriber,
 /// that Subscriber’s Subscription MUST be considered cancelled.
-/// *   Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
+/// * Once a terminal state has been signaled (on_error, on_complete) it is
 /// REQUIRED that no further signals occur.
-/// *   If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
+/// * If a Subscription is cancelled its Subscriber MUST eventually stop being
 /// signaled.
-/// *   Publisher.subscribe MAY be called as many times as wanted but MUST be
+/// * Publisher.subscribe MAY be called as many times as wanted but MUST be
 /// with a different Subscriber each time.
-/// *   A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
+/// * A Publisher MAY support multiple Subscribers and decides whether each
 /// Subscription is unicast or multicast.
 pub trait BufferSubscriber {
+    /// The StreamConfig of buffers that this subscriber expects.
+    fn get_subscriber_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig;
     /// This function will be called at the beginning of the subscription.
-    fn on_subscribe(&self, subscription: Arc<dyn BufferSubscription>);
+    fn on_subscribe(&mut self, subscription: Box<dyn BufferSubscription>);
     /// This function will be called for buffer that comes in.
-    fn on_next(&self, frame: Frame);
+    fn on_next(&mut self, frame: Frame);
     /// This function will be called in case of an error.
-    fn on_error(&self, error: BufferError);
+    fn on_error(&mut self, error: BufferError);
     /// This function will be called on finite streams when done.
-    fn on_complete(&self);
+    fn on_complete(&mut self);
 }
 
 /// BufferSubscriptions serve as the bridge between BufferPublishers and
@@ -100,50 +110,51 @@
 ///
 /// BufferSubcriptions are required to adhere to the following, based on the
 /// reactive streams specification:
-/// *   Subscription.request and Subscription.cancel MUST only be called inside
+/// * Subscription.request and Subscription.cancel MUST only be called inside
 /// of its Subscriber context.
-/// *   The Subscription MUST allow the Subscriber to call Subscription.request
+/// * The Subscription MUST allow the Subscriber to call Subscription.request
 /// synchronously from within on_next or on_subscribe.
-/// *   Subscription.request MUST place an upper bound on possible synchronous
+/// * Subscription.request MUST place an upper bound on possible synchronous
 /// recursion between Publisher and Subscriber.
-/// *   Subscription.request SHOULD respect the responsivity of its caller by
+/// * Subscription.request SHOULD respect the responsivity of its caller by
 /// returning in a timely manner.
-/// *   Subscription.cancel MUST respect the responsivity of its caller by
+/// * Subscription.cancel MUST respect the responsivity of its caller by
 /// returning in a timely manner, MUST be idempotent and MUST be thread-safe.
-/// *   After the Subscription is cancelled, additional
+/// * After the Subscription is cancelled, additional
 /// Subscription.request(n: u64) MUST be NOPs.
-/// *   After the Subscription is cancelled, additional Subscription.cancel()
+/// * After the Subscription is cancelled, additional Subscription.cancel()
 /// MUST be NOPs.
-/// *   While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MUST register the given number of additional elements to be produced to the
 /// respective subscriber.
-/// *   While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MUST signal on_error if the argument is <= 0. The cause message SHOULD
 /// explain that non-positive request signals are illegal.
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MAY synchronously call on_next on this (or other) subscriber(s).
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.request(n: u64)
 /// MAY synchronously call on_complete or on_error on this (or other)
 /// subscriber(s).
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
 /// request the Publisher to eventually stop signaling its Subscriber. The
 /// operation is NOT REQUIRED to affect the Subscription immediately.
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, Subscription.cancel() MUST
 /// request the Publisher to eventually drop any references to the corresponding
 /// subscriber.
-/// *  While the Subscription is not cancelled, calling Subscription.cancel MAY
+/// * While the Subscription is not cancelled, calling Subscription.cancel MAY
 /// cause the Publisher, if stateful, to transition into the shut-down state if
 /// no other Subscription exists at this point.
-/// *  Calling Subscription.cancel MUST return normally.
-/// *  Calling Subscription.request MUST return normally.
+/// * Calling Subscription.cancel MUST return normally.
+/// * Calling Subscription.request MUST return normally.
 pub trait BufferSubscription {
     /// request
     fn request(&self, n: u64);
     /// cancel
     fn cancel(&self);
 }
+
 /// Type used to describe errors produced by subscriptions.
-type BufferError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
+pub type BufferError = anyhow::Error;
 
 /// Struct used to contain the buffer.
 pub struct Frame {
@@ -154,3 +165,88 @@
     /// A fence used for reading/writing safely.
     pub fence: i32,
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    #![allow(warnings, unused)]
+    use super::*;
+
+    use anyhow::anyhow;
+    use std::borrow::BorrowMut;
+    use std::error::Error;
+    use std::ops::Add;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    use crate::publishers::testing::*;
+    use crate::subscribers::{testing::*, SharedSubscriber};
+
+    const STREAM_CONFIG: StreamConfig = StreamConfig {
+        width: 1,
+        height: 1,
+        layers: 1,
+        format: AHardwareBuffer_Format::AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
+        usage: AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags::AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN,
+        stride: 0,
+    };
+
+    fn make_frame() -> Frame {
+        Frame {
+            buffer: STREAM_CONFIG
+                .create_hardware_buffer()
+                .expect("Unable to create hardware buffer for test"),
+            present_time: Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(1),
+            fence: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_test_implementations_next() {
+        let subscriber = SharedSubscriber::new(TestSubscriber::new(STREAM_CONFIG));
+        let mut publisher = TestPublisher::new(STREAM_CONFIG);
+
+        publisher.subscribe(subscriber.clone());
+        assert!(subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.has_subscription()));
+        assert!(publisher.has_subscriber());
+
+        publisher.send_frame(make_frame());
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(!matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Next(_)));
+
+        subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.request(1));
+        assert_eq!(publisher.pending_requests(), 1);
+
+        publisher.send_frame(make_frame());
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Next(_)));
+        assert_eq!(publisher.pending_requests(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_test_implementations_complete() {
+        let subscriber = SharedSubscriber::new(TestSubscriber::new(STREAM_CONFIG));
+        let mut publisher = TestPublisher::new(STREAM_CONFIG);
+
+        publisher.subscribe(subscriber.clone());
+        assert!(subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.has_subscription()));
+        assert!(publisher.has_subscriber());
+
+        publisher.send_complete();
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Complete));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_test_implementations_error() {
+        let subscriber = SharedSubscriber::new(TestSubscriber::new(STREAM_CONFIG));
+        let mut publisher = TestPublisher::new(STREAM_CONFIG);
+
+        publisher.subscribe(subscriber.clone());
+        assert!(subscriber.map_inner(|s| s.has_subscription()));
+        assert!(publisher.has_subscriber());
+
+        publisher.send_error(anyhow!("error"));
+        let events = subscriber.map_inner_mut(|s| s.take_events());
+        assert!(matches!(events.last().unwrap(), TestingSubscriberEvent::Error(_)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/mod.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fd518e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscriber] implementations and helpers.
+
+pub mod testing;
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/testing.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/testing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1593b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/publishers/testing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Provides useful publishers for testing specifically. These should not be used in normal code.
+
+use crate::{subscriptions::SharedBufferSubscription, *};
+
+/// A [BufferPublisher] specifically for testing.
+///
+/// Provides users the ability to send events and read the state of the subscription.
+pub struct TestPublisher {
+    config: StreamConfig,
+    subscriber: Option<Box<dyn BufferSubscriber>>,
+    subscription: SharedBufferSubscription,
+}
+
+impl TestPublisher {
+    /// Create a new [TestPublisher].
+    pub fn new(config: StreamConfig) -> Self {
+        Self { config, subscriber: None, subscription: SharedBufferSubscription::new() }
+    }
+
+    /// Send a [BufferSubscriber::on_next] event to an owned [BufferSubscriber] if it has any
+    /// requested and returns true. Drops the frame and returns false otherwise.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscriber.
+    pub fn send_frame(&mut self, frame: Frame) -> bool {
+        let subscriber =
+            self.subscriber.as_deref_mut().expect("Tried to send_frame with no subscriber");
+
+        if self.subscription.take_request() {
+            subscriber.on_next(frame);
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Send a [BufferSubscriber::on_complete] event to an owned [BufferSubscriber].
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscriber.
+    pub fn send_complete(&mut self) {
+        let subscriber =
+            self.subscriber.as_deref_mut().expect("Tried to send_complete with no subscriber");
+        subscriber.on_complete();
+    }
+
+    /// Send a [BufferSubscriber::on_error] event to an owned [BufferSubscriber].
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscriber.
+    pub fn send_error(&mut self, error: BufferError) {
+        let subscriber =
+            self.subscriber.as_deref_mut().expect("Tried to send_error with no subscriber");
+        subscriber.on_error(error);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this [BufferPublisher] owns a subscriber.
+    pub fn has_subscriber(&self) -> bool {
+        self.subscriber.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the nummber of frames requested by the [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn pending_requests(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.subscription.pending_requests()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the [BufferSubscriber] has cancelled the subscription.
+    pub fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.subscription.is_cancelled()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BufferPublisher for TestPublisher {
+    fn get_publisher_stream_config(&self) -> crate::StreamConfig {
+        self.config
+    }
+
+    fn subscribe(&mut self, subscriber: impl BufferSubscriber + 'static) {
+        assert!(self.subscriber.is_none(), "TestingPublishers can only take one subscriber");
+        self.subscriber = Some(Box::new(subscriber));
+
+        if let Some(ref mut subscriber) = self.subscriber {
+            subscriber.on_subscribe(self.subscription.clone_for_subscriber());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/stream_config.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/stream_config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0c621b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/stream_config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use nativewindow::*;
+
+/// The configuration of the buffers published by a [BufferPublisher] or
+/// expected by a [BufferSubscriber].
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StreamConfig {
+    /// Width in pixels of streaming buffers.
+    pub width: u32,
+    /// Height in pixels of streaming buffers.
+    pub height: u32,
+    /// Number of layers of streaming buffers.
+    pub layers: u32,
+    /// Format of streaming buffers.
+    pub format: AHardwareBuffer_Format::Type,
+    /// Usage of streaming buffers.
+    pub usage: AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags,
+    /// Stride of streaming buffers.
+    pub stride: u32,
+}
+
+impl StreamConfig {
+    /// Tries to create a new AHardwareBuffer from settings in a [StreamConfig].
+    pub fn create_hardware_buffer(&self) -> Option<AHardwareBuffer> {
+        AHardwareBuffer::new(self.width, self.height, self.layers, self.format, self.usage)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_create_hardware_buffer() {
+        let config = StreamConfig {
+            width: 123,
+            height: 456,
+            layers: 1,
+            format: AHardwareBuffer_Format::AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
+            usage: AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags::AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN
+                | AHardwareBuffer_UsageFlags::AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN,
+            stride: 0,
+        };
+
+        let maybe_buffer = config.create_hardware_buffer();
+        assert!(maybe_buffer.is_some());
+
+        let buffer = maybe_buffer.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(config.width, buffer.width());
+        assert_eq!(config.height, buffer.height());
+        assert_eq!(config.format, buffer.format());
+        assert_eq!(config.usage, buffer.usage());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/mod.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd038c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscriber] implementations and helpers.
+
+mod shared;
+pub mod testing;
+
+pub use shared::*;
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/shared.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/shared.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46c58dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/shared.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscriber] implementations and helpers.
+
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+use crate::*;
+
+/// A [BufferSubscriber] wrapper that provides shared access.
+///
+/// Normally, [BufferSubscriber]s are fully owned by the publisher that they are attached to. With
+/// [SharedSubscriber], a
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// [BufferSubscriber::on_subscribe] on a [SharedSubscriber] can only be called once, otherwise it
+/// will panic. This is to prevent accidental and unsupported sharing between multiple publishers to
+/// reflect the usual behavior where a publisher takes full ownership of a subscriber.
+pub struct SharedSubscriber<S: BufferSubscriber>(Arc<Mutex<SharedSubscriberInner<S>>>);
+
+struct SharedSubscriberInner<S: BufferSubscriber> {
+    subscriber: S,
+    is_subscribed: bool,
+}
+
+impl<S: BufferSubscriber> SharedSubscriber<S> {
+    /// Create a new wrapper around a [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn new(subscriber: S) -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(SharedSubscriberInner { subscriber, is_subscribed: false })))
+    }
+
+    /// Provides access to an immutable reference to the wrapped [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn map_inner<R, F: FnOnce(&S) -> R>(&self, f: F) -> R {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        f(&inner.subscriber)
+    }
+
+    /// Provides access to a mutable reference to the wrapped [BufferSubscriber].
+    pub fn map_inner_mut<R, F: FnOnce(&mut S) -> R>(&self, f: F) -> R {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        f(&mut inner.subscriber)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: BufferSubscriber> Clone for SharedSubscriber<S> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::clone(&self.0))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: BufferSubscriber> BufferSubscriber for SharedSubscriber<S> {
+    fn get_subscriber_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.get_subscriber_stream_config()
+    }
+
+    fn on_subscribe(&mut self, subscription: Box<dyn BufferSubscription>) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            !inner.is_subscribed,
+            "A SharedSubscriber can not be shared between two BufferPublishers"
+        );
+        inner.is_subscribed = true;
+
+        inner.subscriber.on_subscribe(subscription);
+    }
+
+    fn on_next(&mut self, frame: Frame) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.on_next(frame);
+    }
+
+    fn on_error(&mut self, error: BufferError) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.on_error(error);
+    }
+
+    fn on_complete(&mut self) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.subscriber.on_complete();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/testing.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/testing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7e9705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscribers/testing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Provides useful subscribers for testing specifically. These should not be used in normal code.
+
+use crate::*;
+
+/// Represents a callback called by a [BufferPublisher] on a [BufferSubscriber].
+pub enum TestingSubscriberEvent {
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_subscribe].
+    Subscribe,
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_next].
+    Next(Frame),
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_error].
+    Error(BufferError),
+    /// Represents a call to [BufferSubscriber::on_complete].
+    Complete,
+}
+
+/// A [BufferSubscriber] specifically for testing. Logs events as they happen which can be retrieved
+/// by the test to ensure appropriate behavior.
+pub struct TestSubscriber {
+    config: StreamConfig,
+    subscription: Option<Box<dyn BufferSubscription>>,
+    events: Vec<TestingSubscriberEvent>,
+}
+
+impl TestSubscriber {
+    /// Create a new [TestSubscriber].
+    pub fn new(config: StreamConfig) -> Self {
+        Self { config, subscription: None, events: Vec::new() }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this [BufferSubscriber] has an active subscription.
+    pub fn has_subscription(&self) -> bool {
+        self.subscription.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Make a request on behalf of this test subscriber.
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscription.
+    pub fn request(&self, n: u64) {
+        let subscription = self
+            .subscription
+            .as_deref()
+            .expect("Tried to request on a TestSubscriber with no subscription");
+        subscription.request(n);
+    }
+
+    /// Cancel on behalf of this test subscriber.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This will panic if there is no owned subscription.
+    pub fn cancel(&self) {
+        let subscription = self
+            .subscription
+            .as_deref()
+            .expect("Tried to cancel a TestSubscriber with no subscription");
+        subscription.cancel();
+    }
+
+    /// Gets all of the events that have happened to this [BufferSubscriber] since the last call
+    /// to this function or it was created.
+    pub fn take_events(&mut self) -> Vec<TestingSubscriberEvent> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        out.append(&mut self.events);
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+impl BufferSubscriber for TestSubscriber {
+    fn get_subscriber_stream_config(&self) -> StreamConfig {
+        self.config
+    }
+
+    fn on_subscribe(&mut self, subscription: Box<dyn BufferSubscription>) {
+        assert!(self.subscription.is_none(), "TestSubscriber must only be subscribed to once");
+        self.subscription = Some(subscription);
+
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Subscribe);
+    }
+
+    fn on_next(&mut self, frame: Frame) {
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Next(frame));
+    }
+
+    fn on_error(&mut self, error: BufferError) {
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Error(error));
+    }
+
+    fn on_complete(&mut self) {
+        self.events.push(TestingSubscriberEvent::Complete);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/mod.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e046dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! This module provides [BufferSubscription] implementations and helpers.
+
+mod shared_buffer_subscription;
+
+pub use shared_buffer_subscription::*;
diff --git a/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/shared_buffer_subscription.rs b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/shared_buffer_subscription.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90275c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/bufferstreams/rust/src/subscriptions/shared_buffer_subscription.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+use crate::*;
+
+/// A simple sharable helper that can be used as a [BufferSubscription] by a [BufferSubscriber] and
+/// as a state tracker by a [BufferPublisher].
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct SharedBufferSubscription(Arc<Mutex<BufferSubscriptionData>>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct BufferSubscriptionData {
+    requests: u64,
+    is_cancelled: bool,
+}
+
+impl SharedBufferSubscription {
+    /// Create a new [SharedBufferSubscription].
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        SharedBufferSubscription::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Clone this [SharedBufferSubscription] so it can be passed into
+    /// [BufferSubscriber::on_subscribe].
+    pub fn clone_for_subscriber(&self) -> Box<dyn BufferSubscription> {
+        Box::new(self.clone()) as Box<dyn BufferSubscription>
+    }
+
+    /// If possible (not cancelled and with requests pending), take
+    pub fn take_request(&self) -> bool {
+        let mut data = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+
+        if data.is_cancelled || data.requests == 0 {
+            false
+        } else {
+            data.requests -= 1;
+            true
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the number of pending requests made by the [BufferSubscriber] via
+    /// [BufferSubscription::request].
+    pub fn pending_requests(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.0.lock().unwrap().requests
+    }
+
+    /// Get get whether the [BufferSubscriber] has called [BufferSubscription::cancel].
+    pub fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.lock().unwrap().is_cancelled
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for SharedBufferSubscription {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(BufferSubscriptionData::default())))
+    }
+}
+
+impl BufferSubscription for SharedBufferSubscription {
+    fn request(&self, n: u64) {
+        let mut data = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        if !data.is_cancelled {
+            data.requests = data.requests.saturating_add(n);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn cancel(&self) {
+        let mut data = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        data.is_cancelled = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp
index f835997..9df5632 100644
--- a/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/cputimeinstate/fuzz/cputimeinstate_fuzzer/cputimeinstate_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cputimeinstate.h>
+#include <functional>
 
 using namespace android::bpf;
 
diff --git a/libs/ftl/OWNERS b/libs/ftl/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f61292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ftl/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/frameworks/native:/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
index 5592a01..b68c2c3 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E::C).value_or("?") == "C");
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
 
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<E::B>() == "E::B");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<E::ftl_last>() == "E::F");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full(E::C).value_or("?") == "E::C");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
+
 enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
 
 static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<F> == F{0});
@@ -60,6 +65,10 @@
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Flags::kFlag4>() == "kFlag4");
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Flags::kFlag7>() == "kFlag7");
 
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Flags::kNone>() == "Flags::kNone");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Flags::kFlag4>() == "Flags::kFlag4");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Flags::kFlag7>() == "Flags::kFlag7");
+
 // Though not flags, the enumerators are within the implicit range of bit indices.
 enum class Planet : std::uint8_t {
   kMercury,
@@ -81,6 +90,9 @@
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Planet::kMercury>() == "kMercury");
 static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Planet::kSaturn>() == "kSaturn");
 
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Planet::kMercury>() == "Planet::kMercury");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name_full<Planet::kSaturn>() == "Planet::kSaturn");
+
 // Unscoped enum must define explicit range, even if the underlying type is fixed.
 enum Temperature : int {
   kRoom = 20,
@@ -122,16 +134,28 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(Planet::kEarth), "kEarth");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(Planet::kNeptune), "kNeptune");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(Planet::kEarth), "Planet::kEarth");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(Planet::kNeptune), "Planet::kNeptune");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kPluto), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(kPluto), std::nullopt);
   }
   {
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kRoom), "kRoom");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFridge), "kFridge");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kRoom), "kRoom");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFridge), "kFridge");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), std::nullopt);
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), std::nullopt);
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), std::nullopt);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name_full(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), std::nullopt);
   }
 }
 
@@ -158,16 +182,30 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(Planet::kEarth), "kEarth");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(Planet::kNeptune), "kNeptune");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(Planet::kEarth), "Planet::kEarth");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(Planet::kNeptune), "Planet::kNeptune");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kPluto), "8");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kPluto), "8");
+
   }
   {
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kRoom), "kRoom");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kFridge), "kFridge");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
 
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kRoom), "20");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kFridge), "4");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(kFreezer), "-18");
+
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), "-30");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), "0");
     EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), "100");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), "-30");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), "0");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string_full(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), "100");
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
index 4842476..ed5d5c1 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@
 namespace {
 static bool isVndkEnabled() {
 #ifdef __BIONIC__
-    // TODO(b/290159430) Use ro.vndk.version to check if VNDK is enabled instead
-    static bool isVndkEnabled = !android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.vndk.deprecate", false);
+    static bool isVndkEnabled = android::base::GetProperty("ro.vndk.version", "") != "";
     return isVndkEnabled;
 #endif
     return false;
diff --git a/libs/gui/Android.bp b/libs/gui/Android.bp
index 9a27d23..f17a654 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/Android.bp
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@
 
 cc_aconfig_library {
     name: "libguiflags",
+    host_supported: true,
     vendor_available: true,
     aconfig_declarations: "libgui_flags",
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
index 46fb068..93df124 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Choreographer.cpp
@@ -324,6 +324,12 @@
           to_string(displayId).c_str(), toString(connected));
 }
 
+void Choreographer::dispatchHotplugConnectionError(nsecs_t, int32_t connectionError) {
+    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received hotplug connection error event (connectionError=%d), "
+          "ignoring.",
+          this, connectionError);
+}
+
 void Choreographer::dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, nsecs_t) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("dispatchModeChanged was called but was never registered");
 }
@@ -394,4 +400,4 @@
     return iter->second;
 }
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
index 8a88377..5dd058c 100644
--- a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
@@ -173,7 +173,13 @@
                     *outVsyncEventData = ev.vsync.vsyncData;
                     break;
                 case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG:
-                    dispatchHotplug(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId, ev.hotplug.connected);
+                    if (ev.hotplug.connectionError == 0) {
+                        dispatchHotplug(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId,
+                                        ev.hotplug.connected);
+                    } else {
+                        dispatchHotplugConnectionError(ev.header.timestamp,
+                                                       ev.hotplug.connectionError);
+                    }
                     break;
                 case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_MODE_CHANGE:
                     dispatchModeChanged(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId,
diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
index 9847c05..613721e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
         changeFrameRateStrategy(ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ONLY_IF_SEAMLESS),
         defaultFrameRateCompatibility(ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_COMPATIBILITY_DEFAULT),
         frameRateCategory(ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_CATEGORY_DEFAULT),
+        frameRateSelectionStrategy(ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF),
         fixedTransformHint(ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID),
         autoRefresh(false),
         isTrustedOverlay(false),
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, changeFrameRateStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, defaultFrameRateCompatibility);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, frameRateCategory);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, frameRateSelectionStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, fixedTransformHint);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, autoRefresh);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, dimmingEnabled);
@@ -294,6 +296,7 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &changeFrameRateStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &defaultFrameRateCompatibility);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &frameRateCategory);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &frameRateSelectionStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &tmpUint32);
     fixedTransformHint = static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(tmpUint32);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &autoRefresh);
@@ -667,6 +670,10 @@
         what |= eFrameRateCategoryChanged;
         frameRateCategory = other.frameRateCategory;
     }
+    if (other.what & eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged) {
+        what |= eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged;
+        frameRateSelectionStrategy = other.frameRateSelectionStrategy;
+    }
     if (other.what & eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
         what |= eFixedTransformHintChanged;
         fixedTransformHint = other.fixedTransformHint;
@@ -778,6 +785,7 @@
     CHECK_DIFF3(diff, eFrameRateChanged, other, frameRate, frameRateCompatibility,
                 changeFrameRateStrategy);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFrameRateCategoryChanged, other, frameRateCategory);
+    CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged, other, frameRateSelectionStrategy);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eFixedTransformHintChanged, other, fixedTransformHint);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eAutoRefreshChanged, other, autoRefresh);
     CHECK_DIFF(diff, eTrustedOverlayChanged, other, isTrustedOverlay);
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index e0882ac..8a57f92 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@
         flags |= ISurfaceComposer::eEarlyWakeupEnd;
     }
 
-    sp<IBinder> applyToken = mApplyToken ? mApplyToken : sApplyToken;
+    sp<IBinder> applyToken = mApplyToken ? mApplyToken : getDefaultApplyToken();
 
     sp<ISurfaceComposer> sf(ComposerService::getComposerService());
     sf->setTransactionState(mFrameTimelineInfo, composerStates, displayStates, flags, applyToken,
@@ -1249,11 +1249,15 @@
 
 sp<IBinder> SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::sApplyToken = new BBinder();
 
+std::mutex SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::sApplyTokenMutex;
+
 sp<IBinder> SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::getDefaultApplyToken() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{sApplyTokenMutex};
     return sApplyToken;
 }
 
 void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setDefaultApplyToken(sp<IBinder> applyToken) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{sApplyTokenMutex};
     sApplyToken = applyToken;
 }
 
@@ -2105,6 +2109,19 @@
     return *this;
 }
 
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction&
+SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc,
+                                                                  int8_t strategy) {
+    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
+    if (!s) {
+        mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    s->what |= layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged;
+    s->frameRateSelectionStrategy = strategy;
+    return *this;
+}
+
 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setFixedTransformHint(
         const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int32_t fixedTransformHint) {
     layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
index 6e4f074..0d2a52b 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@
 
         }
         case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG: {
-            event.hotplug = DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug{fdp->ConsumeBool() /*connected*/};
+            event.hotplug =
+                    DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug{fdp->ConsumeBool() /*connected*/,
+                                                         fdp->ConsumeIntegral<
+                                                                 int32_t>() /*connectionError*/};
             break;
         }
         case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_MODE_CHANGE: {
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
index 177d5f8..bdf8856 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_fuzzer_utils.h
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@
 
     MOCK_METHOD4(dispatchVsync, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, uint32_t, VsyncEventData));
     MOCK_METHOD3(dispatchHotplug, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, bool));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(dispatchHotplugConnectionError, void(nsecs_t, int32_t));
     MOCK_METHOD4(dispatchModeChanged, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD2(dispatchNullEvent, void(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD3(dispatchFrameRateOverrides,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
index 1df9b11..9fef512 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Choreographer.h
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
     void dispatchVsync(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, uint32_t count,
                        VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) override;
     void dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
+    void dispatchHotplugConnectionError(nsecs_t timestamp, int32_t connectionError) override;
     void dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t modeId,
                              nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) override;
     void dispatchNullEvent(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId) override;
@@ -137,4 +138,4 @@
     static constexpr size_t kMaxStartTimes = 250;
 };
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
index 140efa6..fe2dd20 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@
                                VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) = 0;
     virtual void dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
                                  bool connected) = 0;
+
+    virtual void dispatchHotplugConnectionError(nsecs_t timestamp, int32_t connectionError) = 0;
+
     virtual void dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t timestamp, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, int32_t modeId,
                                      nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) = 0;
     // AChoreographer-specific hook for processing null-events so that looper
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
index 7fd6c35..79582ce 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
 
         struct Hotplug {
             bool connected;
+            int32_t connectionError __attribute__((aligned(4)));
         };
 
         struct ModeChange {
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index 102a3c1..4371007 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
         eInputInfoChanged = 0x40000000,
         eCornerRadiusChanged = 0x80000000,
         eDestinationFrameChanged = 0x1'00000000,
-        /* unused = 0x2'00000000, */
+        eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged = 0x2'00000000,
         eBackgroundColorChanged = 0x4'00000000,
         eMetadataChanged = 0x8'00000000,
         eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged = 0x10'00000000,
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@
             layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged |
             layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged | layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged |
             layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged | layer_state_t::eFrameRateCategoryChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged |
             layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority | layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged;
 
     // Changes affecting data sent to input.
@@ -361,6 +362,9 @@
     // Frame rate category to suggest what frame rate range a surface should run.
     int8_t frameRateCategory;
 
+    // Strategy of the layer for frame rate selection.
+    int8_t frameRateSelectionStrategy;
+
     // Set by window manager indicating the layer and all its children are
     // in a different orientation than the display. The hint suggests that
     // the graphic producers should receive a transform hint as if the
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index 6fef5d2..26b1fbd 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@
     class Transaction : public Parcelable {
     private:
         static sp<IBinder> sApplyToken;
+        static std::mutex sApplyTokenMutex;
         void releaseBufferIfOverwriting(const layer_state_t& state);
         static void mergeFrameTimelineInfo(FrameTimelineInfo& t, const FrameTimelineInfo& other);
 
@@ -687,6 +688,8 @@
 
         Transaction& setFrameRateCategory(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int8_t category);
 
+        Transaction& setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int8_t strategy);
+
         // Set by window manager indicating the layer and all its children are
         // in a different orientation than the display. The hint suggests that
         // the graphic producers should receive a transform hint as if the
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
index 3949d70..29eeaa8 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset + 16);
 
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug, connected, 0);
+    CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Hotplug, connectionError, 4);
 
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::ModeChange, modeId, 0);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::ModeChange, vsyncPeriod, 8);
diff --git a/libs/input/Android.bp b/libs/input/Android.bp
index 36a01d3..ab4af1a 100644
--- a/libs/input/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/Android.bp
@@ -90,6 +90,28 @@
         "--allowlist-var=AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN",
         "--allowlist-var=AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT",
         "--allowlist-var=MAX_POINTER_ID",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_NONE",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_BUTTON",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_NAVIGATION",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POSITION",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_JOYSTICK",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_UNKNOWN",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_DPAD",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_GAMEPAD",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_TRACKBALL",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCH_NAVIGATION",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_HDMI",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR",
+        "--allowlist-var=AINPUT_SOURCE_ROTARY_ENCODER",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
diff --git a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
index 1600013..30cedb0 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
@@ -632,8 +632,8 @@
                                 MotionEvent::actionToString(action).c_str()));
     if (verifyEvents()) {
         Result<void> result =
-                mInputVerifier.processMovement(deviceId, action, pointerCount, pointerProperties,
-                                               pointerCoords, flags);
+                mInputVerifier.processMovement(deviceId, source, action, pointerCount,
+                                               pointerProperties, pointerCoords, flags);
         if (!result.ok()) {
             LOG(FATAL) << "Bad stream: " << result.error();
         }
@@ -1276,13 +1276,13 @@
         PointerCoords& resampledCoords = touchState.lastResample.pointers[i];
         const PointerCoords& currentCoords = current->getPointerById(id);
         resampledCoords = currentCoords;
+        resampledCoords.isResampled = true;
         if (other->idBits.hasBit(id) && shouldResampleTool(event->getToolType(i))) {
             const PointerCoords& otherCoords = other->getPointerById(id);
             resampledCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
                                          lerp(currentCoords.getX(), otherCoords.getX(), alpha));
             resampledCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
                                          lerp(currentCoords.getY(), otherCoords.getY(), alpha));
-            resampledCoords.isResampled = true;
             ALOGD_IF(debugResampling(),
                      "[%d] - out (%0.3f, %0.3f), cur (%0.3f, %0.3f), "
                      "other (%0.3f, %0.3f), alpha %0.3f",
diff --git a/libs/input/InputVerifier.cpp b/libs/input/InputVerifier.cpp
index 6c602e0..cec2445 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputVerifier.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputVerifier.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 InputVerifier::InputVerifier(const std::string& name)
       : mVerifier(android::input::verifier::create(rust::String::lossy(name))){};
 
-Result<void> InputVerifier::processMovement(DeviceId deviceId, int32_t action,
+Result<void> InputVerifier::processMovement(DeviceId deviceId, int32_t source, int32_t action,
                                             uint32_t pointerCount,
                                             const PointerProperties* pointerProperties,
                                             const PointerCoords* pointerCoords, int32_t flags) {
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@
     }
     rust::Slice<const RustPointerProperties> properties{rpp.data(), rpp.size()};
     rust::String errorMessage =
-            android::input::verifier::process_movement(*mVerifier, deviceId, action, properties,
-                                                       static_cast<uint32_t>(flags));
+            android::input::verifier::process_movement(*mVerifier, deviceId, source, action,
+                                                       properties, static_cast<uint32_t>(flags));
     if (errorMessage.empty()) {
         return {};
     } else {
diff --git a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
index c8d1da7..412931b 100644
--- a/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/MotionPredictor.cpp
@@ -205,6 +205,13 @@
         coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, predictedPoint.x);
         coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, predictedPoint.y);
         coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, predictedPressure[i]);
+        // Copy forward tilt and orientation from the last event until they are predicted
+        // (b/291789258).
+        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TILT,
+                            event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TILT, 0));
+        coords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION,
+                            event.getRawPointerCoords(0)->getAxisValue(
+                                    AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION));
 
         predictionTime += mModel->config().predictionInterval;
         if (i == 0) {
diff --git a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
index a0563f9..e8575a6 100644
--- a/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
+++ b/libs/input/input_flags.aconfig
@@ -27,3 +27,10 @@
   description: "Set to true to enable timer support for the touchpad Gestures library"
   bug: "297192727"
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "enable_multi_device_input"
+  namespace: "input"
+  description: "Set to true to enable multi-device input: touch and stylus can be active at the same time, but in different windows"
+  bug: "211379801"
+}
diff --git a/libs/input/rust/input.rs b/libs/input/rust/input.rs
index 9d3b386..9725b00 100644
--- a/libs/input/rust/input.rs
+++ b/libs/input/rust/input.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,54 @@
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
 pub struct DeviceId(pub i32);
 
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum SourceClass {
+    None = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_NONE,
+    Button = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_BUTTON,
+    Pointer = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER,
+    Navigation = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_NAVIGATION,
+    Position = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POSITION,
+    Joystick = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_JOYSTICK,
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Source of the input device or input events.
+    pub struct Source: u32 {
+        /// SOURCE_UNKNOWN
+        const Unknown = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_UNKNOWN;
+        /// SOURCE_KEYBOARD
+        const Keyboard = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD;
+        /// SOURCE_DPAD
+        const Dpad = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_DPAD;
+        /// SOURCE_GAMEPAD
+        const Gamepad = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_GAMEPAD;
+        /// SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN
+        const Touchscreen = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
+        /// SOURCE_MOUSE
+        const Mouse = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE;
+        /// SOURCE_STYLUS
+        const Stylus = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS;
+        /// SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS
+        const BluetoothStylus = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS;
+        /// SOURCE_TRACKBALL
+        const Trackball = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_TRACKBALL;
+        /// SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE
+        const MouseRelative = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE;
+        /// SOURCE_TOUCHPAD
+        const Touchpad = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD;
+        /// SOURCE_TOUCH_NAVIGATION
+        const TouchNavigation = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCH_NAVIGATION;
+        /// SOURCE_JOYSTICK
+        const Joystick = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK;
+        /// SOURCE_HDMI
+        const HDMI = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_HDMI;
+        /// SOURCE_SENSOR
+        const Sensor = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR;
+        /// SOURCE_ROTARY_ENCODER
+        const RotaryEncoder = input_bindgen::AINPUT_SOURCE_ROTARY_ENCODER;
+    }
+}
+
 /// A rust enum representation of a MotionEvent action.
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum MotionAction {
@@ -134,3 +182,11 @@
         const NO_FOCUS_CHANGE = input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_NO_FOCUS_CHANGE;
     }
 }
+
+impl Source {
+    /// Return true if this source is from the provided class
+    pub fn is_from_class(&self, source_class: SourceClass) -> bool {
+        let class_bits = source_class as u32;
+        self.bits() & class_bits == class_bits
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs b/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs
index 64c0466..2d94e70 100644
--- a/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs
+++ b/libs/input/rust/input_verifier.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 //! Contains the InputVerifier, used to validate a stream of input events.
 
 use crate::ffi::RustPointerProperties;
-use crate::input::{DeviceId, MotionAction, MotionFlags};
+use crate::input::{DeviceId, MotionAction, MotionFlags, Source, SourceClass};
 use log::info;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
@@ -51,10 +51,15 @@
     pub fn process_movement(
         &mut self,
         device_id: DeviceId,
+        source: Source,
         action: u32,
         pointer_properties: &[RustPointerProperties],
         flags: MotionFlags,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if !source.is_from_class(SourceClass::Pointer) {
+            // Skip non-pointer sources like MOUSE_RELATIVE for now
+            return Ok(());
+        }
         if self.should_log {
             info!(
                 "Processing {} for device {:?} ({} pointer{}) on {}",
@@ -68,6 +73,13 @@
 
         match action.into() {
             MotionAction::Down => {
+                if pointer_properties.len() != 1 {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "{}: Invalid DOWN event: there are {} pointers in the event",
+                        self.name,
+                        pointer_properties.len()
+                    ));
+                }
                 let it = self
                     .touching_pointer_ids_by_device
                     .entry(device_id)
@@ -90,10 +102,19 @@
                     ));
                 }
                 let it = self.touching_pointer_ids_by_device.get_mut(&device_id).unwrap();
+                if it.len() != pointer_properties.len() - 1 {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "{}: There are currently {} touching pointers, but the incoming \
+                         POINTER_DOWN event has {}",
+                        self.name,
+                        it.len(),
+                        pointer_properties.len()
+                    ));
+                }
                 let pointer_id = pointer_properties[action_index].id;
                 if it.contains(&pointer_id) {
                     return Err(format!(
-                        "{}: Pointer with id={} not found in the properties",
+                        "{}: Pointer with id={} already present found in the properties",
                         self.name, pointer_id
                     ));
                 }
@@ -108,11 +129,10 @@
                 }
             }
             MotionAction::PointerUp { action_index } => {
-                if !self.touching_pointer_ids_by_device.contains_key(&device_id) {
+                if !self.ensure_touching_pointers_match(device_id, pointer_properties) {
                     return Err(format!(
-                        "{}: Received POINTER_UP but no pointers are currently down for device \
-                        {:?}",
-                        self.name, device_id
+                        "{}: ACTION_POINTER_UP touching pointers don't match",
+                        self.name
                     ));
                 }
                 let it = self.touching_pointer_ids_by_device.get_mut(&device_id).unwrap();
@@ -120,6 +140,13 @@
                 it.remove(&pointer_id);
             }
             MotionAction::Up => {
+                if pointer_properties.len() != 1 {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "{}: Invalid UP event: there are {} pointers in the event",
+                        self.name,
+                        pointer_properties.len()
+                    ));
+                }
                 if !self.touching_pointer_ids_by_device.contains_key(&device_id) {
                     return Err(format!(
                         "{} Received ACTION_UP but no pointers are currently down for device {:?}",
@@ -246,6 +273,7 @@
     use crate::DeviceId;
     use crate::MotionFlags;
     use crate::RustPointerProperties;
+    use crate::Source;
     #[test]
     fn single_pointer_stream() {
         let mut verifier = InputVerifier::new("Test", /*should_log*/ false);
@@ -253,6 +281,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -261,6 +290,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -269,6 +299,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -283,6 +314,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -291,6 +323,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -299,6 +332,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(2),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -307,6 +341,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(2),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -315,6 +350,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -329,6 +365,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -337,6 +374,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::CANCELED,
@@ -351,6 +389,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -359,6 +398,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(), // forgot to set FLAG_CANCELED
@@ -373,6 +413,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -387,6 +428,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -396,6 +438,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -405,6 +448,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -414,6 +458,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -428,6 +473,7 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
@@ -437,10 +483,28 @@
         assert!(verifier
             .process_movement(
                 DeviceId(1),
+                Source::Touchscreen,
                 input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
                 &pointer_properties,
                 MotionFlags::empty(),
             )
             .is_err());
     }
+
+    // Send a MOVE without a preceding DOWN event. This is OK because it's from source
+    // MOUSE_RELATIVE, which is used during pointer capture. The verifier should allow such event.
+    #[test]
+    fn relative_mouse_move() {
+        let mut verifier = InputVerifier::new("Test", /*should_log*/ false);
+        let pointer_properties = Vec::from([RustPointerProperties { id: 0 }]);
+        assert!(verifier
+            .process_movement(
+                DeviceId(2),
+                Source::MouseRelative,
+                input_bindgen::AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
+                &pointer_properties,
+                MotionFlags::empty(),
+            )
+            .is_ok());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/rust/lib.rs b/libs/input/rust/lib.rs
index 1d3c434..01d9599 100644
--- a/libs/input/rust/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/input/rust/lib.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 mod input;
 mod input_verifier;
 
-pub use input::{DeviceId, MotionAction, MotionFlags};
+pub use input::{DeviceId, MotionAction, MotionFlags, Source};
 pub use input_verifier::InputVerifier;
 
 #[cxx::bridge(namespace = "android::input")]
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
         fn process_movement(
             verifier: &mut InputVerifier,
             device_id: i32,
+            source: u32,
             action: u32,
             pointer_properties: &[RustPointerProperties],
             flags: u32,
@@ -73,12 +74,14 @@
 fn process_movement(
     verifier: &mut InputVerifier,
     device_id: i32,
+    source: u32,
     action: u32,
     pointer_properties: &[RustPointerProperties],
     flags: u32,
 ) -> String {
     let result = verifier.process_movement(
         DeviceId(device_id),
+        Source::from_bits(source).unwrap(),
         action,
         pointer_properties,
         MotionFlags::from_bits(flags).unwrap(),
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
index 3ecf8ee..06b841b 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,22 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-constexpr static float EPSILON = MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION;
+namespace {
+
+static constexpr float EPSILON = MotionEvent::ROUNDING_PRECISION;
+static constexpr int32_t POINTER_1_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+static constexpr int32_t POINTER_2_DOWN =
+        AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN | (2 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
+struct Pointer {
+    int32_t id;
+    float x;
+    float y;
+    bool isResampled = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace
 
 class InputPublisherAndConsumerTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
@@ -46,12 +61,28 @@
         mConsumer = std::make_unique<InputConsumer>(mClientChannel);
     }
 
-    void PublishAndConsumeKeyEvent();
-    void PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent();
-    void PublishAndConsumeFocusEvent();
-    void PublishAndConsumeCaptureEvent();
-    void PublishAndConsumeDragEvent();
-    void PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeKeyEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionStream();
+    void publishAndConsumeFocusEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeDragEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent();
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime,
+                                      const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers);
+
+private:
+    // The sequence number to use when publishing the next event
+    uint32_t mSeq = 1;
+
+    void publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(
+            int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source, int32_t displayId, std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac,
+            int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t flags, int32_t edgeFlags,
+            int32_t metaState, int32_t buttonState, MotionClassification classification,
+            float xScale, float yScale, float xOffset, float yOffset, float xPrecision,
+            float yPrecision, float xCursorPosition, float yCursorPosition, float rawXScale,
+            float rawYScale, float rawXOffset, float rawYOffset, nsecs_t downTime,
+            nsecs_t eventTime, const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointerProperties,
+            const std::vector<PointerCoords>& pointerCoords);
 };
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, GetChannel_ReturnsTheChannel) {
@@ -63,10 +94,10 @@
               mConsumer->getChannel()->getConnectionToken());
 }
 
-void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeKeyEvent() {
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeKeyEvent() {
     status_t status;
 
-    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    const uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
     int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
     constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
     constexpr uint32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD;
@@ -132,20 +163,43 @@
             << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
 }
 
-void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent() {
-    status_t status;
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeMotionStream() {
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
 
-    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
-    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_1_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_2_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 300, .y = 400}});
+
+    // Provide a consistent input stream - cancel the gesture that was started above
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 300, .y = 400}});
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(
+        int32_t action, nsecs_t downTime, const std::vector<Pointer>& pointers) {
     constexpr int32_t deviceId = 1;
     constexpr uint32_t source = AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
     constexpr int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
     constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac = {0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,
                                               11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
                                               22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
-    constexpr int32_t action = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE;
     constexpr int32_t actionButton = 0;
-    constexpr int32_t flags = AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED;
+    int32_t flags = AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED;
+
+    if (action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
+        flags |= AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED;
+    }
+    const size_t pointerCount = pointers.size();
     constexpr int32_t edgeFlags = AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP;
     constexpr int32_t metaState = AMETA_ALT_LEFT_ON | AMETA_ALT_ON;
     constexpr int32_t buttonState = AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY;
@@ -162,20 +216,21 @@
     constexpr float yPrecision = 0.5;
     constexpr float xCursorPosition = 1.3;
     constexpr float yCursorPosition = 50.6;
-    constexpr nsecs_t downTime = 3;
-    constexpr size_t pointerCount = 3;
-    constexpr nsecs_t eventTime = 4;
-    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-    PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
-    PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
+
+    const nsecs_t eventTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
+    std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
+        pointerProperties.push_back({});
         pointerProperties[i].clear();
-        pointerProperties[i].id = (i + 2) % pointerCount;
+        pointerProperties[i].id = pointers[i].id;
         pointerProperties[i].toolType = ToolType::FINGER;
 
+        pointerCoords.push_back({});
         pointerCoords[i].clear();
-        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 100 * i);
-        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 200 * i);
+        pointerCoords[i].isResampled = pointers[i].isResampled;
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, pointers[i].x);
+        pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, pointers[i].y);
         pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, 0.5 * i);
         pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE, 0.7 * i);
         pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR, 1.5 * i);
@@ -185,18 +240,40 @@
         pointerCoords[i].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION, 3.5 * i);
     }
 
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(deviceId, source, displayId, hmac, action, actionButton, flags,
+                                 edgeFlags, metaState, buttonState, classification, xScale, yScale,
+                                 xOffset, yOffset, xPrecision, yPrecision, xCursorPosition,
+                                 yCursorPosition, rawXScale, rawYScale, rawXOffset, rawYOffset,
+                                 downTime, eventTime, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+}
+
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(
+        int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source, int32_t displayId, std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac,
+        int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t flags, int32_t edgeFlags, int32_t metaState,
+        int32_t buttonState, MotionClassification classification, float xScale, float yScale,
+        float xOffset, float yOffset, float xPrecision, float yPrecision, float xCursorPosition,
+        float yCursorPosition, float rawXScale, float rawYScale, float rawXOffset, float rawYOffset,
+        nsecs_t downTime, nsecs_t eventTime,
+        const std::vector<PointerProperties>& pointerProperties,
+        const std::vector<PointerCoords>& pointerCoords) {
+    const uint32_t seq = mSeq++;
+    const int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
     ui::Transform transform;
     transform.set({xScale, 0, xOffset, 0, yScale, yOffset, 0, 0, 1});
     ui::Transform rawTransform;
     rawTransform.set({rawXScale, 0, rawXOffset, 0, rawYScale, rawYOffset, 0, 0, 1});
+
+    status_t status;
+    ASSERT_EQ(pointerProperties.size(), pointerCoords.size());
+    const size_t pointerCount = pointerProperties.size();
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
     status = mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(seq, eventId, deviceId, source, displayId, hmac, action,
                                             actionButton, flags, edgeFlags, metaState, buttonState,
                                             classification, transform, xPrecision, yPrecision,
                                             xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, rawTransform,
-                                            downTime, eventTime, pointerCount, pointerProperties,
-                                            pointerCoords);
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status)
-            << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return OK";
+                                            downTime, eventTime, pointerCount,
+                                            pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return OK";
 
     uint32_t consumeSeq;
     InputEvent* event;
@@ -280,7 +357,7 @@
             << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
 }
 
-void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeFocusEvent() {
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeFocusEvent() {
     status_t status;
 
     constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
@@ -321,7 +398,7 @@
             << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
 }
 
-void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeCaptureEvent() {
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent() {
     status_t status;
 
     constexpr uint32_t seq = 42;
@@ -361,7 +438,7 @@
             << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
 }
 
-void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeDragEvent() {
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeDragEvent() {
     status_t status;
 
     constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
@@ -405,7 +482,7 @@
             << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
 }
 
-void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent() {
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent() {
     status_t status;
 
     constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
@@ -462,27 +539,27 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishKeyEvent_EndToEnd) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishMotionEvent_EndToEnd) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeMotionStream());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishFocusEvent_EndToEnd) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishCaptureEvent_EndToEnd) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishDragEvent_EndToEnd) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeDragEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeDragEvent());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishTouchModeEvent_EndToEnd) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishMotionEvent_WhenSequenceNumberIsZero_ReturnsError) {
@@ -546,17 +623,29 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishMultipleEvents_EndToEnd) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeDragEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
+    const nsecs_t downTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_1_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeFocusEvent());
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(POINTER_2_DOWN, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeCaptureEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeDragEvent());
+    // Provide a consistent input stream - cancel the gesture that was started above
+    publishAndConsumeMotionEvent(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, downTime,
+                                 {Pointer{.id = 0, .x = 20, .y = 30},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 1, .x = 200, .y = 300},
+                                  Pointer{.id = 2, .x = 200, .y = 300}});
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(publishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp
index 655de80..1cb7f7b 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/TouchResampling_test.cpp
@@ -27,10 +27,13 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+namespace {
+
 struct Pointer {
     int32_t id;
     float x;
     float y;
+    ToolType toolType = ToolType::FINGER;
     bool isResampled = false;
 };
 
@@ -40,6 +43,8 @@
     int32_t action;
 };
 
+} // namespace
+
 class TouchResamplingTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     std::unique_ptr<InputPublisher> mPublisher;
@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@
         properties.push_back({});
         properties.back().clear();
         properties.back().id = pointer.id;
-        properties.back().toolType = ToolType::FINGER;
+        properties.back().toolType = pointer.toolType;
 
         coords.push_back({});
         coords.back().clear();
@@ -292,6 +297,48 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Stylus pointer coordinates are not resampled, but an event is still generated for the batch with
+ * a resampled timestamp and should be marked as such.
+ */
+TEST_F(TouchResamplingTest, StylusCoordinatesNotResampledFor) {
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds frameTime;
+    std::vector<InputEventEntry> entries, expectedEntries;
+
+    // Initial ACTION_DOWN should be separate, because the first consume event will only return
+    // InputEvent with a single action.
+    entries = {
+            //      id  x   y
+            {0ms, {{0, 10, 20, .toolType = ToolType::STYLUS}}, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN},
+    };
+    publishInputEventEntries(entries);
+    frameTime = 5ms;
+    expectedEntries = {
+            //      id  x   y
+            {0ms, {{0, 10, 20, .toolType = ToolType::STYLUS}}, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN},
+    };
+    consumeInputEventEntries(expectedEntries, frameTime);
+
+    // Two ACTION_MOVE events 10 ms apart that move in X direction and stay still in Y
+    entries = {
+            //      id  x   y
+            {10ms, {{0, 20, 30, .toolType = ToolType::STYLUS}}, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE},
+            {20ms, {{0, 30, 30, .toolType = ToolType::STYLUS}}, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE},
+    };
+    publishInputEventEntries(entries);
+    frameTime = 35ms;
+    expectedEntries = {
+            //      id  x   y
+            {10ms, {{0, 20, 30, .toolType = ToolType::STYLUS}}, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE},
+            {20ms, {{0, 30, 30, .toolType = ToolType::STYLUS}}, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE},
+            // A resampled event is generated, but the stylus coordinates are not resampled.
+            {25ms,
+             {{0, 30, 30, .toolType = ToolType::STYLUS, .isResampled = true}},
+             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE},
+    };
+    consumeInputEventEntries(expectedEntries, frameTime);
+}
+
+/**
  * Event should not be resampled when sample time is equal to event time.
  */
 TEST_F(TouchResamplingTest, SampleTimeEqualsEventTime) {
@@ -544,13 +591,13 @@
     // First pointer id=0 leaves the screen
     entries = {
             //      id  x    y
-            {80ms, {{1, 600, 600}}, actionPointer0Up},
+            {80ms, {{0, 120, 120}, {1, 600, 600}}, actionPointer0Up},
     };
     publishInputEventEntries(entries);
     frameTime = 90ms;
     expectedEntries = {
             //      id  x    y
-            {80ms, {{1, 600, 600}}, actionPointer0Up},
+            {80ms, {{0, 120, 120}, {1, 600, 600}}, actionPointer0Up},
             // no resampled event for ACTION_POINTER_UP
     };
     consumeInputEventEntries(expectedEntries, frameTime);
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp b/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp
index 8d8a2bc..342f5de 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/Android.bp
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@
         "libGLESv2",
     ],
 
+    static_libs: ["libguiflags"],
+
     export_header_lib_headers: ["jni_headers"],
 
     header_libs: [
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h
index 0f119f3..32fb350 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueueDefs.h>
 #include <gui/ConsumerBase.h>
+#include <gui/Flags.h>
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <system/graphics.h>
@@ -290,6 +291,20 @@
      */
     void releaseConsumerOwnership();
 
+    /**
+     * Interface for SurfaceTexture callback(s).
+     */
+    struct SurfaceTextureListener : public RefBase {
+        virtual void onFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) = 0;
+        virtual void onSetFrameRate(float frameRate, int8_t compatibility,
+                                    int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy) = 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * setSurfaceTextureListener registers a SurfaceTextureListener.
+     */
+    void setSurfaceTextureListener(const sp<SurfaceTextureListener>&);
+
 protected:
     /**
      * abandonLocked overrides the ConsumerBase method to clear
@@ -335,6 +350,14 @@
     void computeCurrentTransformMatrixLocked();
 
     /**
+     * onSetFrameRate Notifies the consumer of a setFrameRate call from the producer side.
+     */
+#if FLAG_BQ_SET_FRAME_RATE
+    void onSetFrameRate(float frameRate, int8_t compatibility,
+                        int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy) override;
+#endif
+
+    /**
      * The default consumer usage flags that SurfaceTexture always sets on its
      * BufferQueue instance; these will be OR:d with any additional flags passed
      * from the SurfaceTexture user. In particular, SurfaceTexture will always
@@ -465,8 +488,30 @@
      */
     ImageConsumer mImageConsumer;
 
+    /**
+     * mSurfaceTextureListener holds the registered SurfaceTextureListener.
+     * Note that SurfaceTexture holds the lister with an sp<>, which means that the listener
+     * must only hold a wp<> to SurfaceTexture and not an sp<>.
+     */
+    sp<SurfaceTextureListener> mSurfaceTextureListener;
+
     friend class ImageConsumer;
     friend class EGLConsumer;
+
+private:
+    // Proxy listener to avoid having SurfaceTexture directly implement FrameAvailableListener as it
+    // is extending ConsumerBase which also implements FrameAvailableListener.
+    class FrameAvailableListenerProxy : public ConsumerBase::FrameAvailableListener {
+    public:
+        FrameAvailableListenerProxy(const wp<SurfaceTextureListener>& listener)
+              : mSurfaceTextureListener(listener) {}
+
+    private:
+        void onFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) override;
+
+        const wp<SurfaceTextureListener> mSurfaceTextureListener;
+    };
+    sp<FrameAvailableListenerProxy> mFrameAvailableListenerProxy;
 };
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp
index 9f610e1..c2535e0 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include <system/window.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
+#include <com_android_graphics_libgui_flags.h>
+
 namespace android {
 
 // Macros for including the SurfaceTexture name in log messages
@@ -491,4 +493,42 @@
     return buffer;
 }
 
+void SurfaceTexture::setSurfaceTextureListener(
+        const sp<android::SurfaceTexture::SurfaceTextureListener>& listener) {
+    SFT_LOGV("setSurfaceTextureListener");
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mMutex);
+    mSurfaceTextureListener = listener;
+    if (mSurfaceTextureListener != nullptr) {
+        mFrameAvailableListenerProxy =
+                sp<FrameAvailableListenerProxy>::make(mSurfaceTextureListener);
+        setFrameAvailableListener(mFrameAvailableListenerProxy);
+    } else {
+        mFrameAvailableListenerProxy.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+void SurfaceTexture::FrameAvailableListenerProxy::onFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) {
+    const auto listener = mSurfaceTextureListener.promote();
+    if (listener) {
+        listener->onFrameAvailable(item);
+    }
+}
+
+#if FLAG_BQ_SET_FRAME_RATE
+void SurfaceTexture::onSetFrameRate(float frameRate, int8_t compatibility,
+                                    int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy) {
+    SFT_LOGV("onSetFrameRate: %.2f", frameRate);
+
+    auto listener = [&] {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mMutex);
+        return mSurfaceTextureListener;
+    }();
+
+    if (listener) {
+        listener->onSetFrameRate(frameRate, compatibility, changeFrameRateStrategy);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
index e158f01..b068f48 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
@@ -1096,6 +1096,26 @@
     ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_CATEGORY_HIGH = 4
 };
 
+/*
+ * Frame rate selection strategy values that can be used in
+ * Transaction::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy.
+ */
+enum {
+    /**
+     * Default value. The layer uses its own frame rate specifications, assuming it has any
+     * specifications, instead of its parent's.
+     */
+    ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF = 0,
+
+    /**
+     * The layer's frame rate specifications will propagate to and override those of its descendant
+     * layers.
+     * The layer with this strategy has the ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF
+     * behavior for itself.
+     */
+    ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_OVERRIDE_CHILDREN = 1,
+};
+
 static inline int native_window_set_frame_rate(struct ANativeWindow* window, float frameRate,
                                         int8_t compatibility, int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy) {
     return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_FRAME_RATE, (double)frameRate,
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index cc1d12b..2053c6a 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <GrTypes.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gl/GrGLInterface.h>
+#include <include/gpu/ganesh/gl/GrGLDirectContext.h>
 #include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
 #include <ui/DebugUtils.h>
@@ -299,10 +300,10 @@
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!glInterface.get(), "GrGLMakeNativeInterface() failed");
 
     SkiaRenderEngine::Contexts contexts;
-    contexts.first = GrDirectContext::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+    contexts.first = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
     if (supportsProtectedContentImpl()) {
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kYes);
-        contexts.second = GrDirectContext::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
+        contexts.second = GrDirectContexts::MakeGL(glInterface, options);
         useProtectedContextImpl(GrProtected::kNo);
     }
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
index 6ecc6ab..17f263d 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaVkRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@
         flushInfo.fFinishedContext = destroySemaphoreInfo;
     }
     GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = grContext->flush(flushInfo);
-    grContext->submit(false /* no cpu sync */);
+    grContext->submit(GrSyncCpu::kNo);
     int drawFenceFd = -1;
     if (semaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
         if (GrSemaphoresSubmitted::kYes == submitted) {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
index 475dc15..7289fe7 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, PostRenderCleanup_skipped) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, canSkipPostRenderCleanup()).WillOnce(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, cleanupPostRender()).Times(0);
     mThreadedRE->cleanupPostRender();
 
@@ -107,8 +106,25 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, PostRenderCleanup_notSkipped) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, canSkipPostRenderCleanup()).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::impl::
+                    ExternalTexture>(sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(), *mRenderEngine,
+                                     renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                             renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    base::unique_fd bufferFence;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, useProtectedContext(false));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, drawLayersInternal)
+        .WillOnce([&](const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<FenceResult>>&& resultPromise,
+                          const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                          const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                          const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
+                          base::unique_fd&&) { resultPromise->set_value(Fence::NO_FENCE); });
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, cleanupPostRender()).WillOnce(Return());
+    ftl::Future<FenceResult> future =
+            mThreadedRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, buffer, std::move(bufferFence));
     mThreadedRE->cleanupPostRender();
 
     // call ANY synchronous function to ensure that cleanupPostRender has completed.
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
index 2cb66cb..786a6fe 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
@@ -231,13 +231,13 @@
             ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::cleanupPostRender");
             instance.cleanupPostRender();
         });
+        mNeedsPostRenderCleanup = false;
     }
     mCondition.notify_one();
 }
 
 bool RenderEngineThreaded::canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const {
-    waitUntilInitialized();
-    return mRenderEngine->canSkipPostRenderCleanup();
+    return !mNeedsPostRenderCleanup;
 }
 
 void RenderEngineThreaded::drawLayersInternal(
@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@
     int fd = bufferFence.release();
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mNeedsPostRenderCleanup = true;
         mFunctionCalls.push(
                 [resultPromise, display, layers, buffer, fd](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
                     ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::drawLayers");
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
index 43ec011..1093f5f 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
     mutable std::mutex mThreadMutex;
     std::thread mThread GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex);
     std::atomic<bool> mRunning = true;
+    std::atomic<bool> mNeedsPostRenderCleanup = false;
 
     using Work = std::function<void(renderengine::RenderEngine&)>;
     mutable std::queue<Work> mFunctionCalls GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex);
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache.cpp
index 7ffdac7..ed3c616 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache.cpp
@@ -48,9 +48,8 @@
 void freeHotCacheEntry(android::MultifileHotCache& entry) {
     if (entry.entryFd != -1) {
         // If we have an fd, then this entry was added to hot cache via INIT or GET
-        // We need to unmap and close the entry
+        // We need to unmap the entry
         munmap(entry.entryBuffer, entry.entrySize);
-        close(entry.entryFd);
     } else {
         // Otherwise, this was added to hot cache during SET, so it was never mapped
         // and fd was only on the deferred thread.
@@ -143,6 +142,7 @@
                 if (result != sizeof(MultifileHeader)) {
                     ALOGE("Error reading MultifileHeader from cache entry (%s): %s",
                           fullPath.c_str(), std::strerror(errno));
+                    close(fd);
                     return;
                 }
 
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
                     if (remove(fullPath.c_str()) != 0) {
                         ALOGE("Error removing %s: %s", fullPath.c_str(), std::strerror(errno));
                     }
+                    close(fd);
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -161,6 +162,10 @@
                 // Memory map the file
                 uint8_t* mappedEntry = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(
                         mmap(nullptr, fileSize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0));
+
+                // We can close the file now and the mmap will remain
+                close(fd);
+
                 if (mappedEntry == MAP_FAILED) {
                     ALOGE("Failed to mmap cacheEntry, error: %s", std::strerror(errno));
                     return;
@@ -206,13 +211,11 @@
                     if (!addToHotCache(entryHash, fd, mappedEntry, fileSize)) {
                         ALOGE("INIT Failed to add %u to hot cache", entryHash);
                         munmap(mappedEntry, fileSize);
-                        close(fd);
                         return;
                     }
                 } else {
                     // If we're not keeping it in hot cache, unmap it now
                     munmap(mappedEntry, fileSize);
-                    close(fd);
                 }
             }
             closedir(dir);
@@ -401,9 +404,12 @@
         // Memory map the file
         cacheEntry =
                 reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(mmap(nullptr, fileSize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0));
+
+        // We can close the file now and the mmap will remain
+        close(fd);
+
         if (cacheEntry == MAP_FAILED) {
             ALOGE("Failed to mmap cacheEntry, error: %s", std::strerror(errno));
-            close(fd);
             return 0;
         }
 
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache_test.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache_test.cpp
index dbee13b..1639be6 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache_test.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/MultifileBlobCache_test.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
 
     virtual void TearDown() { mMBC.reset(); }
 
+    int getFileDescriptorCount();
+
     std::unique_ptr<TemporaryFile> mTempFile;
     std::unique_ptr<MultifileBlobCache> mMBC;
 };
@@ -216,4 +218,56 @@
     ASSERT_EQ('y', buf[0]);
 }
 
+int MultifileBlobCacheTest::getFileDescriptorCount() {
+    DIR* directory = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
+
+    int fileCount = 0;
+    struct dirent* entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(directory)) != NULL) {
+        fileCount++;
+        // printf("File: %s\n", entry->d_name);
+    }
+
+    closedir(directory);
+    return fileCount;
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultifileBlobCacheTest, EnsureFileDescriptorsClosed) {
+    // Populate the cache with a bunch of entries
+    size_t kLargeNumberOfEntries = 1024;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kLargeNumberOfEntries; i++) {
+        // printf("Caching: %i", i);
+
+        // Use the index as the key and value
+        mMBC->set(&i, sizeof(i), &i, sizeof(i));
+
+        int result = 0;
+        ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(i), mMBC->get(&i, sizeof(i), &result, sizeof(result)));
+        ASSERT_EQ(i, result);
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we don't have a bunch of open fds
+    ASSERT_LT(getFileDescriptorCount(), kLargeNumberOfEntries / 2);
+
+    // Close the cache so everything writes out
+    mMBC->finish();
+    mMBC.reset();
+
+    // Now open it again and ensure we still don't have a bunch of open fds
+    mMBC.reset(
+            new MultifileBlobCache(kMaxKeySize, kMaxValueSize, kMaxTotalSize, &mTempFile->path[0]));
+
+    // Check after initialization
+    ASSERT_LT(getFileDescriptorCount(), kLargeNumberOfEntries / 2);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kLargeNumberOfEntries; i++) {
+        int result = 0;
+        ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(i), mMBC->get(&i, sizeof(i), &result, sizeof(result)));
+        ASSERT_EQ(i, result);
+    }
+
+    // And again after we've actually used it
+    ASSERT_LT(getFileDescriptorCount(), kLargeNumberOfEntries / 2);
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/gpumem/GpuMem.cpp b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/GpuMem.cpp
index dd3cc3b..141fe02 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/gpumem/GpuMem.cpp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/GpuMem.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
     mInitialized.store(true);
 }
 
-void GpuMem::setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map) {
+void GpuMem::setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMapRO<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map) {
     mGpuMemTotalMap = std::move(map);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/gpumem/include/gpumem/GpuMem.h b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/include/gpumem/GpuMem.h
index 7588b54..9aa74d6 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/gpumem/include/gpumem/GpuMem.h
+++ b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/include/gpumem/GpuMem.h
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@
     friend class TestableGpuMem;
 
     // set gpu memory total map
-    void setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map);
+    void setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMapRO<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map);
 
     // indicate whether ebpf has been initialized
     std::atomic<bool> mInitialized = false;
     // bpf map for GPU memory total data
-    android::bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t> mGpuMemTotalMap;
+    android::bpf::BpfMapRO<uint64_t, uint64_t> mGpuMemTotalMap;
 
     // gpu memory tracepoint event category
     static constexpr char kGpuMemTraceGroup[] = "gpu_mem";
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTest.cpp b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTest.cpp
index 8dabe4f..1f5b288 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTest.cpp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTest.cpp
@@ -66,9 +66,7 @@
         mTestableGpuMem = TestableGpuMem(mGpuMem.get());
         mTestableGpuMem.setInitialized();
         errno = 0;
-        mTestMap = std::move(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
-                                                             TEST_MAP_SIZE,
-                                                             BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC));
+        mTestMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE, BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(0, errno);
         EXPECT_TRUE(mTestMap.isValid());
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTracerTest.cpp b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTracerTest.cpp
index 5c04210..6550df9 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTracerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTracerTest.cpp
@@ -65,9 +65,7 @@
         mTestableGpuMem = TestableGpuMem(mGpuMem.get());
 
         errno = 0;
-        mTestMap = std::move(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
-                                                             TEST_MAP_SIZE,
-                                                             BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC));
+        mTestMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE, BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(0, errno);
         EXPECT_TRUE(mTestMap.isValid());
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/TestableGpuMem.h b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/TestableGpuMem.h
index 6c8becb..f21843f 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/TestableGpuMem.h
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/TestableGpuMem.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
     void setInitialized() { mGpuMem->mInitialized.store(true); }
 
-    void setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map) {
+    void setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMapRO<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map) {
         mGpuMem->setGpuMemTotalMap(map);
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/BlockingQueue.h b/services/inputflinger/BlockingQueue.h
index 5693848..f848c82 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/BlockingQueue.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/BlockingQueue.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
 #include <list>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <optional>
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp
index 56a3fb4..8e04150 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.cpp
@@ -64,14 +64,13 @@
 class : public InputDeviceMetricsLogger {
     nanoseconds getCurrentTime() override { return nanoseconds(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)); }
 
-    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceInfo& info,
+    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const MetricsDeviceInfo& info,
                                      const DeviceUsageReport& report) override {
         const int32_t durationMillis =
                 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(report.usageDuration).count();
         const static std::vector<int32_t> empty;
-        const auto& identifier = info.getIdentifier();
 
-        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG, "Usage session reported for device: %s", identifier.name.c_str());
+        ALOGD_IF(DEBUG, "Usage session reported for device id: %d", info.deviceId);
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG, "    Total duration: %dms", durationMillis);
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG, "    Source breakdown:");
 
@@ -96,11 +95,9 @@
             ALOGD_IF(DEBUG, "        - uid: %s\t duration: %dms", uid.toString().c_str(),
                      durMillis);
         }
-        util::stats_write(util::INPUTDEVICE_USAGE_REPORTED, identifier.vendor, identifier.product,
-                          identifier.version,
-                          linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(identifier.bus,
-                                                       info.getUsiVersion().has_value()),
-                          durationMillis, sources, durationsPerSource, uids, durationsPerUid);
+        util::stats_write(util::INPUTDEVICE_USAGE_REPORTED, info.vendor, info.product, info.version,
+                          linuxBusToInputDeviceBusEnum(info.bus, info.isUsiStylus), durationMillis,
+                          sources, durationsPerSource, uids, durationsPerUid);
     }
 } sStatsdLogger;
 
@@ -116,7 +113,7 @@
 
 } // namespace
 
-InputDeviceUsageSource getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(const InputDeviceInfo& info,
+InputDeviceUsageSource getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(int32_t keyboardType,
                                                 const NotifyKeyArgs& keyArgs) {
     if (!isFromSource(keyArgs.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD)) {
         return InputDeviceUsageSource::UNKNOWN;
@@ -132,7 +129,7 @@
         return InputDeviceUsageSource::GAMEPAD;
     }
 
-    if (info.getKeyboardType() == AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC) {
+    if (keyboardType == AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC) {
         return InputDeviceUsageSource::KEYBOARD;
     }
 
@@ -232,8 +229,8 @@
 
 void InputDeviceMetricsCollector::notifyKey(const NotifyKeyArgs& args) {
     reportCompletedSessions();
-    const SourceProvider getSources = [&args](const InputDeviceInfo& info) {
-        return std::set{getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(info, args)};
+    const SourceProvider getSources = [&args](const MetricsDeviceInfo& info) {
+        return std::set{getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(info.keyboardType, args)};
     };
     onInputDeviceUsage(DeviceId{args.deviceId}, nanoseconds(args.eventTime), getSources);
 
@@ -291,13 +288,23 @@
 }
 
 void InputDeviceMetricsCollector::onInputDevicesChanged(const std::vector<InputDeviceInfo>& infos) {
-    std::map<DeviceId, InputDeviceInfo> newDeviceInfos;
+    std::map<DeviceId, MetricsDeviceInfo> newDeviceInfos;
 
     for (const InputDeviceInfo& info : infos) {
         if (isIgnoredInputDeviceId(info.getId())) {
             continue;
         }
-        newDeviceInfos.emplace(info.getId(), info);
+        const auto& i = info.getIdentifier();
+        newDeviceInfos.emplace(info.getId(),
+                               MetricsDeviceInfo{
+                                       .deviceId = info.getId(),
+                                       .vendor = i.vendor,
+                                       .product = i.product,
+                                       .version = i.version,
+                                       .bus = i.bus,
+                                       .isUsiStylus = info.getUsiVersion().has_value(),
+                                       .keyboardType = info.getKeyboardType(),
+                               });
     }
 
     for (auto [deviceId, info] : mLoggedDeviceInfos) {
@@ -311,7 +318,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDeviceMetricsCollector::onInputDeviceRemoved(DeviceId deviceId,
-                                                       const InputDeviceInfo& info) {
+                                                       const MetricsDeviceInfo& info) {
     auto it = mActiveUsageSessions.find(deviceId);
     if (it == mActiveUsageSessions.end()) {
         return;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h
index 1f7c5d9..7775087 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputDeviceMetricsCollector.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 };
 
 /** Returns the InputDeviceUsageSource that corresponds to the key event. */
-InputDeviceUsageSource getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(const InputDeviceInfo&, const NotifyKeyArgs&);
+InputDeviceUsageSource getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(int32_t keyboardType, const NotifyKeyArgs&);
 
 /** Returns the InputDeviceUsageSources that correspond to the motion event. */
 std::set<InputDeviceUsageSource> getUsageSourcesForMotionArgs(const NotifyMotionArgs&);
@@ -110,7 +110,19 @@
         UidUsageBreakdown uidBreakdown;
     };
 
-    virtual void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceInfo&, const DeviceUsageReport&) = 0;
+    // A subset of information from the InputDeviceInfo class that is used for metrics collection,
+    // used to avoid copying and storing all of the fields and strings in InputDeviceInfo.
+    struct MetricsDeviceInfo {
+        int32_t deviceId;
+        int32_t vendor;
+        int32_t product;
+        int32_t version;
+        int32_t bus;
+        bool isUsiStylus;
+        int32_t keyboardType;
+    };
+    virtual void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const MetricsDeviceInfo&,
+                                             const DeviceUsageReport&) = 0;
     virtual ~InputDeviceMetricsLogger() = default;
 };
 
@@ -153,8 +165,9 @@
     }
 
     using Uid = gui::Uid;
+    using MetricsDeviceInfo = InputDeviceMetricsLogger::MetricsDeviceInfo;
 
-    std::map<DeviceId, InputDeviceInfo> mLoggedDeviceInfos;
+    std::map<DeviceId, MetricsDeviceInfo> mLoggedDeviceInfos;
 
     using Interaction = std::tuple<DeviceId, std::chrono::nanoseconds, std::set<Uid>>;
     SyncQueue<Interaction> mInteractionsQueue;
@@ -188,8 +201,9 @@
     std::map<DeviceId, ActiveSession> mActiveUsageSessions;
 
     void onInputDevicesChanged(const std::vector<InputDeviceInfo>& infos);
-    void onInputDeviceRemoved(DeviceId deviceId, const InputDeviceInfo& info);
-    using SourceProvider = std::function<std::set<InputDeviceUsageSource>(const InputDeviceInfo&)>;
+    void onInputDeviceRemoved(DeviceId deviceId, const MetricsDeviceInfo& info);
+    using SourceProvider =
+            std::function<std::set<InputDeviceUsageSource>(const MetricsDeviceInfo&)>;
     void onInputDeviceUsage(DeviceId deviceId, std::chrono::nanoseconds eventTime,
                             const SourceProvider& getSources);
     void onInputDeviceInteraction(const Interaction&);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp b/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp
index f889de5..0f62324 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/UnwantedInteractionBlocker.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "UnwantedInteractionBlocker.h"
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <com_android_input_flags.h>
 #include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@
 #include "ui/events/ozone/evdev/touch_filter/neural_stylus_palm_detection_filter.h"
 #include "ui/events/ozone/evdev/touch_filter/palm_model/onedevice_train_palm_detection_filter_model.h"
 
+namespace input_flags = com::android::input::flags;
+
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
 /**
@@ -344,10 +347,14 @@
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_INBOUND_MOTION, "%s: %s", __func__, args.dump().c_str());
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-        const std::vector<NotifyMotionArgs> processedArgs =
-                mPreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.processMotion(args);
-        for (const NotifyMotionArgs& loopArgs : processedArgs) {
-            notifyMotionLocked(loopArgs);
+        if (input_flags::enable_multi_device_input()) {
+            notifyMotionLocked(args);
+        } else {
+            const std::vector<NotifyMotionArgs> processedArgs =
+                    mPreferStylusOverTouchBlocker.processMotion(args);
+            for (const NotifyMotionArgs& loopArgs : processedArgs) {
+                notifyMotionLocked(loopArgs);
+            }
         }
     } // release lock
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
index ed95de7..f304712 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
@@ -38,13 +38,4 @@
     return "?";
 }
 
-std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator Connection::findWaitQueueEntry(uint32_t seq) {
-    for (std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator it = waitQueue.begin(); it != waitQueue.end(); it++) {
-        if ((*it)->seq == seq) {
-            return it;
-        }
-    }
-    return waitQueue.end();
-}
-
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
index 2929d61..c17baea 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@
     bool responsive = true;
 
     // Queue of events that need to be published to the connection.
-    std::deque<DispatchEntry*> outboundQueue;
+    std::deque<std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry>> outboundQueue;
 
     // Queue of events that have been published to the connection but that have not
     // yet received a "finished" response from the application.
-    std::deque<DispatchEntry*> waitQueue;
+    std::deque<std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry>> waitQueue;
 
     Connection(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& inputChannel, bool monitor,
                const IdGenerator& idGenerator);
@@ -65,8 +65,6 @@
     inline const std::string getInputChannelName() const { return inputChannel->getName(); }
 
     const std::string getWindowName() const;
-
-    std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator findWaitQueueEntry(uint32_t seq);
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index dd4aab8..98e2507 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
     const uint32_t seq; // unique sequence number, never 0
 
     std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry; // the event to dispatch
-    ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags;
+    const ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags;
     ui::Transform transform;
     ui::Transform rawTransform;
     float globalScaleFactor;
@@ -244,6 +244,8 @@
     DispatchEntry(std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry,
                   ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags, const ui::Transform& transform,
                   const ui::Transform& rawTransform, float globalScaleFactor);
+    DispatchEntry(const DispatchEntry&) = delete;
+    DispatchEntry& operator=(const DispatchEntry&) = delete;
 
     inline bool hasForegroundTarget() const {
         return targetFlags.test(InputTarget::Flags::FOREGROUND);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 0a1e889..4251682 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -271,7 +271,8 @@
     return dump;
 }
 
-std::string dumpQueue(const std::deque<DispatchEntry*>& queue, nsecs_t currentTime) {
+std::string dumpQueue(const std::deque<std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry>>& queue,
+                      nsecs_t currentTime) {
     constexpr size_t maxEntries = 50; // max events to print
     constexpr size_t skipBegin = maxEntries / 2;
     const size_t skipEnd = queue.size() - maxEntries / 2;
@@ -492,8 +493,8 @@
  */
 bool isConnectionResponsive(const Connection& connection) {
     const nsecs_t currentTime = now();
-    for (const DispatchEntry* entry : connection.waitQueue) {
-        if (entry->timeoutTime < currentTime) {
+    for (const auto& dispatchEntry : connection.waitQueue) {
+        if (dispatchEntry->timeoutTime < currentTime) {
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -714,6 +715,40 @@
     });
 }
 
+/**
+ * In general, touch should be always split between windows. Some exceptions:
+ * 1. Don't split touch if all of the below is true:
+ *     (a) we have an active pointer down *and*
+ *     (b) a new pointer is going down that's from the same device *and*
+ *     (c) the window that's receiving the current pointer does not support split touch.
+ * 2. Don't split mouse events
+ */
+bool shouldSplitTouch(const TouchState& touchState, const MotionEntry& entry) {
+    if (isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)) {
+        // We should never split mouse events
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : touchState.windows) {
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->isSpy()) {
+            // Spy windows should not affect whether or not touch is split.
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->supportsSplitTouch()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
+                    gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::IS_WALLPAPER)) {
+            // Wallpaper window should not affect whether or not touch is split
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (touchedWindow.hasTouchingPointers(entry.deviceId)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
@@ -1259,7 +1294,7 @@
 }
 
 std::vector<InputTarget> InputDispatcher::findOutsideTargetsLocked(
-        int32_t displayId, const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& touchedWindow) const {
+        int32_t displayId, const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& touchedWindow, int32_t pointerId) const {
     if (touchedWindow == nullptr) {
         return {};
     }
@@ -1275,9 +1310,10 @@
 
         const WindowInfo& info = *windowHandle->getInfo();
         if (info.inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH)) {
-            addWindowTargetLocked(windowHandle, InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE,
-                                  /*pointerIds=*/{}, /*firstDownTimeInTarget=*/std::nullopt,
-                                  outsideTargets);
+            std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
+            pointerIds.set(pointerId);
+            addWindowTargetLocked(windowHandle, InputTarget::Flags::DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE, pointerIds,
+                                  /*firstDownTimeInTarget=*/std::nullopt, outsideTargets);
         }
     }
     return outsideTargets;
@@ -2218,40 +2254,6 @@
     return responsiveMonitors;
 }
 
-/**
- * In general, touch should be always split between windows. Some exceptions:
- * 1. Don't split touch is if we have an active pointer down, and a new pointer is going down that's
- *    from the same device, *and* the window that's receiving the current pointer does not support
- *    split touch.
- * 2. Don't split mouse events
- */
-bool InputDispatcher::shouldSplitTouch(const TouchState& touchState,
-                                       const MotionEntry& entry) const {
-    if (isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE)) {
-        // We should never split mouse events
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : touchState.windows) {
-        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->isSpy()) {
-            // Spy windows should not affect whether or not touch is split.
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->supportsSplitTouch()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
-                    gui::WindowInfo::InputConfig::IS_WALLPAPER)) {
-            // Wallpaper window should not affect whether or not touch is split
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (touchedWindow.hasTouchingPointers(entry.deviceId)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 std::vector<InputTarget> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(
         nsecs_t currentTime, const MotionEntry& entry, bool* outConflictingPointerActions,
         InputEventInjectionResult& outInjectionResult) {
@@ -2333,6 +2335,7 @@
         /* Case 1: New splittable pointer going down, or need target for hover or scroll. */
         const auto [x, y] = resolveTouchedPosition(entry);
         const int32_t pointerIndex = MotionEvent::getActionIndex(action);
+        const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id;
         // Outside targets should be added upon first dispatched DOWN event. That means, this should
         // be a pointer that would generate ACTION_DOWN, *and* touch should not already be down.
         const bool isStylus = isPointerFromStylus(entry, pointerIndex);
@@ -2340,7 +2343,7 @@
                 findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isStylus);
 
         if (isDown) {
-            targets += findOutsideTargetsLocked(displayId, newTouchedWindowHandle);
+            targets += findOutsideTargetsLocked(displayId, newTouchedWindowHandle, pointerId);
         }
         // Handle the case where we did not find a window.
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr) {
@@ -2398,7 +2401,6 @@
 
             if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
                 maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
-                const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
                 // The "windowHandle" is the target of this hovering pointer.
                 tempTouchState.addHoveringPointerToWindow(windowHandle, entry.deviceId, pointerId);
             }
@@ -2423,7 +2425,7 @@
             // Update the temporary touch state.
             std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
             if (!isHoverAction) {
-                pointerIds.set(entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id);
+                pointerIds.set(pointerId);
             }
 
             const bool isDownOrPointerDown = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN ||
@@ -2467,7 +2469,6 @@
         // If a window is already pilfering some pointers, give it this new pointer as well and
         // make it pilfering. This will prevent other non-spy windows from getting this pointer,
         // which is a specific behaviour that we want.
-        const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id;
         for (TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : tempTouchState.windows) {
             if (touchedWindow.hasTouchingPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId) &&
                 touchedWindow.hasPilferingPointers(entry.deviceId)) {
@@ -3415,7 +3416,7 @@
     }
 
     // Enqueue the dispatch entry.
-    connection->outboundQueue.push_back(dispatchEntry.release());
+    connection->outboundQueue.emplace_back(std::move(dispatchEntry));
     traceOutboundQueueLength(*connection);
 }
 
@@ -3584,7 +3585,7 @@
     }
 
     while (connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL && !connection->outboundQueue.empty()) {
-        DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = connection->outboundQueue.front();
+        std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry>& dispatchEntry = connection->outboundQueue.front();
         dispatchEntry->deliveryTime = currentTime;
         const std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout = getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(connection);
         dispatchEntry->timeoutTime = currentTime + timeout.count();
@@ -3699,14 +3700,12 @@
         }
 
         // Re-enqueue the event on the wait queue.
-        connection->outboundQueue.erase(std::remove(connection->outboundQueue.begin(),
-                                                    connection->outboundQueue.end(),
-                                                    dispatchEntry));
+        const nsecs_t timeoutTime = dispatchEntry->timeoutTime;
+        connection->waitQueue.emplace_back(std::move(dispatchEntry));
+        connection->outboundQueue.erase(connection->outboundQueue.begin());
         traceOutboundQueueLength(*connection);
-        connection->waitQueue.push_back(dispatchEntry);
         if (connection->responsive) {
-            mAnrTracker.insert(dispatchEntry->timeoutTime,
-                               connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+            mAnrTracker.insert(timeoutTime, connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
         }
         traceWaitQueueLength(*connection);
     }
@@ -3805,19 +3804,17 @@
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::drainDispatchQueue(std::deque<DispatchEntry*>& queue) {
+void InputDispatcher::drainDispatchQueue(std::deque<std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry>>& queue) {
     while (!queue.empty()) {
-        DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = queue.front();
+        releaseDispatchEntry(std::move(queue.front()));
         queue.pop_front();
-        releaseDispatchEntry(dispatchEntry);
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::releaseDispatchEntry(DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry) {
+void InputDispatcher::releaseDispatchEntry(std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry) {
     if (dispatchEntry->hasForegroundTarget()) {
         decrementPendingForegroundDispatches(*(dispatchEntry->eventEntry));
     }
-    delete dispatchEntry;
 }
 
 int InputDispatcher::handleReceiveCallback(int events, sp<IBinder> connectionToken) {
@@ -3948,8 +3945,13 @@
             << connection->getInputChannelName().c_str() << reason << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
 
     InputTarget target;
-    sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowHandle =
-            getWindowHandleLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+    sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowHandle;
+    if (options.displayId) {
+        windowHandle = getWindowHandleLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                             options.displayId.value());
+    } else {
+        windowHandle = getWindowHandleLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+    }
     if (windowHandle != nullptr) {
         const WindowInfo* windowInfo = windowHandle->getInfo();
         target.setDefaultPointerTransform(windowInfo->transform);
@@ -4319,9 +4321,9 @@
                 mVerifiersByDisplay.try_emplace(args.displayId,
                                                 StringPrintf("display %" PRId32, args.displayId));
         Result<void> result =
-                it->second.processMovement(args.deviceId, args.action, args.getPointerCount(),
-                                           args.pointerProperties.data(), args.pointerCoords.data(),
-                                           args.flags);
+                it->second.processMovement(args.deviceId, args.source, args.action,
+                                           args.getPointerCount(), args.pointerProperties.data(),
+                                           args.pointerCoords.data(), args.flags);
         if (!result.ok()) {
             LOG(FATAL) << "Bad stream: " << result.error() << " caused by " << args.dump();
         }
@@ -4526,7 +4528,7 @@
     // the injected event, it is responsible for setting POLICY_FLAG_INJECTED_FROM_ACCESSIBILITY.
     // For those events, we will set FLAG_IS_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT to allow apps to distinguish them
     // from events that originate from actual hardware.
-    int32_t resolvedDeviceId = VIRTUAL_KEYBOARD_ID;
+    DeviceId resolvedDeviceId = VIRTUAL_KEYBOARD_ID;
     if (policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED) {
         resolvedDeviceId = event->getDeviceId();
     }
@@ -5913,14 +5915,16 @@
 status_t InputDispatcher::pilferPointersLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
     const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> requestingChannel = getInputChannelLocked(token);
     if (!requestingChannel) {
-        ALOGW("Attempted to pilfer pointers from an un-registered channel or invalid token");
+        LOG(WARNING)
+                << "Attempted to pilfer pointers from an un-registered channel or invalid token";
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
     auto [statePtr, windowPtr, displayId] = findTouchStateWindowAndDisplayLocked(token);
     if (statePtr == nullptr || windowPtr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGW("Attempted to pilfer points from a channel without any on-going pointer streams."
-              " Ignoring.");
+        LOG(WARNING)
+                << "Attempted to pilfer points from a channel without any on-going pointer streams."
+                   " Ignoring.";
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     std::set<int32_t> deviceIds = windowPtr->getTouchingDeviceIds();
@@ -5929,36 +5933,38 @@
                      << " in window: " << windowPtr->dump();
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    const int32_t deviceId = *deviceIds.begin();
 
-    TouchState& state = *statePtr;
-    TouchedWindow& window = *windowPtr;
-    // Send cancel events to all the input channels we're stealing from.
-    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                               "input channel stole pointer stream");
-    options.deviceId = deviceId;
-    options.displayId = displayId;
-    std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds = window.getTouchingPointers(deviceId);
-    options.pointerIds = pointerIds;
-    std::string canceledWindows;
-    for (const TouchedWindow& w : state.windows) {
-        const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> channel =
-                getInputChannelLocked(w.windowHandle->getToken());
-        if (channel != nullptr && channel->getConnectionToken() != token) {
-            synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(channel, options);
-            canceledWindows += canceledWindows.empty() ? "[" : ", ";
-            canceledWindows += channel->getName();
+    for (const DeviceId deviceId : deviceIds) {
+        TouchState& state = *statePtr;
+        TouchedWindow& window = *windowPtr;
+        // Send cancel events to all the input channels we're stealing from.
+        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+                                   "input channel stole pointer stream");
+        options.deviceId = deviceId;
+        options.displayId = displayId;
+        std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds = window.getTouchingPointers(deviceId);
+        options.pointerIds = pointerIds;
+        std::string canceledWindows;
+        for (const TouchedWindow& w : state.windows) {
+            const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> channel =
+                    getInputChannelLocked(w.windowHandle->getToken());
+            if (channel != nullptr && channel->getConnectionToken() != token) {
+                synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(channel, options);
+                canceledWindows += canceledWindows.empty() ? "[" : ", ";
+                canceledWindows += channel->getName();
+            }
         }
+        canceledWindows += canceledWindows.empty() ? "[]" : "]";
+        LOG(INFO) << "Channel " << requestingChannel->getName()
+                  << " is stealing input gesture for device " << deviceId << " from "
+                  << canceledWindows;
+
+        // Prevent the gesture from being sent to any other windows.
+        // This only blocks relevant pointers to be sent to other windows
+        window.addPilferingPointers(deviceId, pointerIds);
+
+        state.cancelPointersForWindowsExcept(deviceId, pointerIds, token);
     }
-    canceledWindows += canceledWindows.empty() ? "[]" : "]";
-    ALOGI("Channel %s is stealing touch from %s", requestingChannel->getName().c_str(),
-          canceledWindows.c_str());
-
-    // Prevent the gesture from being sent to any other windows.
-    // This only blocks relevant pointers to be sent to other windows
-    window.addPilferingPointers(deviceId, pointerIds);
-
-    state.cancelPointersForWindowsExcept(deviceId, pointerIds, token);
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -6056,43 +6062,52 @@
                                                      uint32_t seq, bool handled,
                                                      nsecs_t consumeTime) {
     // Handle post-event policy actions.
-    std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator dispatchEntryIt = connection->findWaitQueueEntry(seq);
-    if (dispatchEntryIt == connection->waitQueue.end()) {
-        return;
-    }
-    DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
-    const nsecs_t eventDuration = finishTime - dispatchEntry->deliveryTime;
-    if (eventDuration > SLOW_EVENT_PROCESSING_WARNING_TIMEOUT) {
-        ALOGI("%s spent %" PRId64 "ms processing %s", connection->getWindowName().c_str(),
-              ns2ms(eventDuration), dispatchEntry->eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
-    }
-    if (shouldReportFinishedEvent(*dispatchEntry, *connection)) {
-        mLatencyTracker.trackFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry->eventEntry->id,
-                                           connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
-                                           dispatchEntry->deliveryTime, consumeTime, finishTime);
-    }
-
     bool restartEvent;
-    if (dispatchEntry->eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
-        KeyEntry& keyEntry = static_cast<KeyEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry->eventEntry));
-        restartEvent =
-                afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(connection, dispatchEntry, keyEntry, handled);
-    } else if (dispatchEntry->eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
-        MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry->eventEntry));
-        restartEvent = afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(connection, dispatchEntry, motionEntry,
-                                                           handled);
-    } else {
-        restartEvent = false;
-    }
+
+    { // Start critical section
+        auto dispatchEntryIt =
+                std::find_if(connection->waitQueue.begin(), connection->waitQueue.end(),
+                             [seq](auto& e) { return e->seq == seq; });
+        if (dispatchEntryIt == connection->waitQueue.end()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry = **dispatchEntryIt;
+
+        const nsecs_t eventDuration = finishTime - dispatchEntry.deliveryTime;
+        if (eventDuration > SLOW_EVENT_PROCESSING_WARNING_TIMEOUT) {
+            ALOGI("%s spent %" PRId64 "ms processing %s", connection->getWindowName().c_str(),
+                  ns2ms(eventDuration), dispatchEntry.eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
+        }
+        if (shouldReportFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry, *connection)) {
+            mLatencyTracker.trackFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry.eventEntry->id,
+                                               connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                               dispatchEntry.deliveryTime, consumeTime, finishTime);
+        }
+
+        if (dispatchEntry.eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
+            KeyEntry& keyEntry = static_cast<KeyEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry.eventEntry));
+            restartEvent =
+                    afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(connection, dispatchEntry, keyEntry, handled);
+        } else if (dispatchEntry.eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
+            MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry.eventEntry));
+            restartEvent = afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(connection, dispatchEntry,
+                                                               motionEntry, handled);
+        } else {
+            restartEvent = false;
+        }
+    } // End critical section: The -LockedInterruptable methods may have released the lock.
 
     // Dequeue the event and start the next cycle.
     // Because the lock might have been released, it is possible that the
     // contents of the wait queue to have been drained, so we need to double-check
     // a few things.
-    dispatchEntryIt = connection->findWaitQueueEntry(seq);
-    if (dispatchEntryIt != connection->waitQueue.end()) {
-        dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
-        connection->waitQueue.erase(dispatchEntryIt);
+    auto entryIt = std::find_if(connection->waitQueue.begin(), connection->waitQueue.end(),
+                                [seq](auto& e) { return e->seq == seq; });
+    if (entryIt != connection->waitQueue.end()) {
+        std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry = std::move(*entryIt);
+        connection->waitQueue.erase(entryIt);
+
         const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
         mAnrTracker.erase(dispatchEntry->timeoutTime, connectionToken);
         if (!connection->responsive) {
@@ -6104,10 +6119,10 @@
         }
         traceWaitQueueLength(*connection);
         if (restartEvent && connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
-            connection->outboundQueue.push_front(dispatchEntry);
+            connection->outboundQueue.emplace_front(std::move(dispatchEntry));
             traceOutboundQueueLength(*connection);
         } else {
-            releaseDispatchEntry(dispatchEntry);
+            releaseDispatchEntry(std::move(dispatchEntry));
         }
     }
 
@@ -6151,13 +6166,13 @@
      * processes the events linearly. So providing information about the oldest entry seems to be
      * most useful.
      */
-    DispatchEntry* oldestEntry = *connection->waitQueue.begin();
-    const nsecs_t currentWait = now() - oldestEntry->deliveryTime;
+    DispatchEntry& oldestEntry = *connection->waitQueue.front();
+    const nsecs_t currentWait = now() - oldestEntry.deliveryTime;
     std::string reason =
             android::base::StringPrintf("%s is not responding. Waited %" PRId64 "ms for %s",
                                         connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str(),
                                         ns2ms(currentWait),
-                                        oldestEntry->eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
+                                        oldestEntry.eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
     sp<IBinder> connectionToken = connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
     updateLastAnrStateLocked(getWindowHandleLocked(connectionToken), reason);
 
@@ -6294,7 +6309,7 @@
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(
-        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
+        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry,
         KeyEntry& keyEntry, bool handled) {
     if (keyEntry.flags & AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_FALLBACK) {
         if (!handled) {
@@ -6312,7 +6327,7 @@
         connection->inputState.removeFallbackKey(originalKeyCode);
     }
 
-    if (handled || !dispatchEntry->hasForegroundTarget()) {
+    if (handled || !dispatchEntry.hasForegroundTarget()) {
         // If the application handles the original key for which we previously
         // generated a fallback or if the window is not a foreground window,
         // then cancel the associated fallback key, if any.
@@ -6479,7 +6494,7 @@
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(
-        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
+        const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry,
         MotionEntry& motionEntry, bool handled) {
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index 512bc4f..62e2d58 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@
             int32_t displayId, float x, float y, bool isStylus = false,
             bool ignoreDragWindow = false) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     std::vector<InputTarget> findOutsideTargetsLocked(
-            int32_t displayId, const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& touchedWindow) const
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+            int32_t displayId, const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& touchedWindow,
+            int32_t pointerId) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>> findTouchedSpyWindowsAtLocked(
             int32_t displayId, float x, float y, bool isStylus) const REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -522,7 +522,6 @@
     // shade is pulled down while we are counting down the timeout).
     void resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    bool shouldSplitTouch(const TouchState& touchState, const MotionEntry& entry) const;
     int32_t getTargetDisplayId(const EventEntry& entry);
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findFocusedWindowTargetLocked(
             nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry, nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime,
@@ -599,8 +598,8 @@
     void abortBrokenDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                         const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection, bool notify)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void drainDispatchQueue(std::deque<DispatchEntry*>& queue);
-    void releaseDispatchEntry(DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry);
+    void drainDispatchQueue(std::deque<std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry>>& queue);
+    void releaseDispatchEntry(std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry);
     int handleReceiveCallback(int events, sp<IBinder> connectionToken);
     // The action sent should only be of type AMOTION_EVENT_*
     void dispatchPointerDownOutsideFocus(uint32_t source, int32_t action,
@@ -665,10 +664,10 @@
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     std::map<int32_t /*displayId*/, InputVerifier> mVerifiersByDisplay;
     bool afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
-                                          DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry, KeyEntry& keyEntry,
+                                          DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry, KeyEntry& keyEntry,
                                           bool handled) REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(const std::shared_ptr<Connection>& connection,
-                                             DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry, MotionEntry& motionEntry,
+                                             DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry, MotionEntry& motionEntry,
                                              bool handled) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Find touched state and touched window by token.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp
index ccffe26..b21427d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputState.cpp
@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Return:
+ *  true if the incoming event was correctly tracked,
+ *  false if the incoming event should be dropped.
+ */
 bool InputState::trackMotion(const MotionEntry& entry, int32_t action, int32_t flags) {
     int32_t actionMasked = action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
     switch (actionMasked) {
@@ -310,7 +315,7 @@
         nsecs_t currentTime) {
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EventEntry>> events;
     for (MotionMemento& memento : mMotionMementos) {
-        if (!(memento.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER)) {
+        if (!isFromSource(memento.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER)) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -443,7 +448,7 @@
         MotionMemento& memento = mMotionMementos[i];
         // Since we support split pointers we need to merge touch events
         // from the same source + device + screen.
-        if (memento.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) {
+        if (isFromSource(memento.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER)) {
             bool merged = false;
             for (size_t j = 0; j < other.mMotionMementos.size(); j++) {
                 MotionMemento& otherMemento = other.mMotionMementos[j];
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp
index 11f3413..343630c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 #include "InputTarget.h"
 
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -34,7 +36,10 @@
     }
 
     // Ensure that the new set of pointers doesn't overlap with the current set of pointers.
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((pointerIds & newPointerIds).any());
+    if ((pointerIds & newPointerIds).any()) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << " - overlap with incoming pointers "
+                   << bitsetToString(newPointerIds) << " in " << *this;
+    }
 
     pointerIds |= newPointerIds;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < newPointerIds.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
index 58b29b8..531fc67 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
@@ -451,7 +451,8 @@
 void KeyboardInputMapper::onKeyDownProcessed() {
     InputReaderContext& context = *getContext();
     if (context.isPreventingTouchpadTaps()) {
-        // avoid pinging java service unnecessarily
+        // avoid pinging java service unnecessarily, just fade pointer again if it became visible
+        context.fadePointer();
         return;
     }
     // Ignore meta keys or multiple simultaneous down keys as they are likely to be keyboard
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp
index 6774b17..e630915 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/CursorInputMapper_test.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+using testing::AllOf;
 using testing::Return;
 using testing::VariantWith;
 constexpr auto ACTION_DOWN = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 constexpr auto BUTTON_PRESS = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS;
 constexpr auto BUTTON_RELEASE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE;
 constexpr auto HOVER_MOVE = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE;
+constexpr auto INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION = AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION;
 
 /**
  * Unit tests for CursorInputMapper.
@@ -58,10 +60,23 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(mMockEventHub, hasRelativeAxis(EVENTHUB_ID, REL_HWHEEL))
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
 
-        EXPECT_CALL(mMockInputReaderContext, bumpGeneration()).WillRepeatedly(Return(1));
-
         mMapper = createInputMapper<CursorInputMapper>(*mDeviceContext, mReaderConfiguration);
     }
+
+    void setPointerCapture(bool enabled) {
+        mReaderConfiguration.pointerCaptureRequest.enable = enabled;
+        mReaderConfiguration.pointerCaptureRequest.seq = 1;
+        int32_t generation = mDevice->getGeneration();
+        std::list<NotifyArgs> args =
+                mMapper->reconfigure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mReaderConfiguration,
+                                     InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
+        ASSERT_THAT(args,
+                    ElementsAre(
+                            VariantWith<NotifyDeviceResetArgs>(AllOf(WithDeviceId(DEVICE_ID)))));
+
+        // Check that generation also got bumped
+        ASSERT_GT(mDevice->getGeneration(), generation);
+    }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -102,4 +117,83 @@
                             VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(WithMotionAction(HOVER_MOVE))));
 }
 
+/**
+ * Set pointer capture and check that ACTION_MOVE events are emitted from CursorInputMapper.
+ * During pointer capture, source should be set to MOUSE_RELATIVE. When the capture is disabled,
+ * the events should be generated normally:
+ *   1) The source should return to SOURCE_MOUSE
+ *   2) Cursor position should be incremented by the relative device movements
+ *   3) Cursor position of NotifyMotionArgs should now be getting populated.
+ * When it's not SOURCE_MOUSE, CursorInputMapper doesn't populate cursor position values.
+ */
+TEST_F(CursorInputMapperUnitTest, ProcessPointerCapture) {
+    setPointerCapture(true);
+    std::list<NotifyArgs> args;
+
+    // Move.
+    args += process(EV_REL, REL_X, 10);
+    args += process(EV_REL, REL_Y, 20);
+    args += process(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(args,
+                ElementsAre(VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(
+                        AllOf(WithMotionAction(ACTION_MOVE),
+                              WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE), WithCoords(10.0f, 20.0f),
+                              WithCursorPosition(INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                                 INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION)))));
+
+    // Button press.
+    args.clear();
+    args += process(EV_KEY, BTN_MOUSE, 1);
+    args += process(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+    ASSERT_THAT(args,
+                ElementsAre(VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(
+                                    AllOf(WithMotionAction(ACTION_DOWN),
+                                          WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE),
+                                          WithCoords(0.0f, 0.0f), WithPressure(1.0f))),
+                            VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(
+                                    AllOf(WithMotionAction(BUTTON_PRESS),
+                                          WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE),
+                                          WithCoords(0.0f, 0.0f), WithPressure(1.0f)))));
+
+    // Button release.
+    args.clear();
+    args += process(EV_KEY, BTN_MOUSE, 0);
+    args += process(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+    ASSERT_THAT(args,
+                ElementsAre(VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(
+                                    AllOf(WithMotionAction(BUTTON_RELEASE),
+                                          WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE),
+                                          WithCoords(0.0f, 0.0f), WithPressure(0.0f))),
+                            VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(
+                                    AllOf(WithMotionAction(ACTION_UP),
+                                          WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE),
+                                          WithCoords(0.0f, 0.0f), WithPressure(0.0f)))));
+
+    // Another move.
+    args.clear();
+    args += process(EV_REL, REL_X, 30);
+    args += process(EV_REL, REL_Y, 40);
+    args += process(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+    ASSERT_THAT(args,
+                ElementsAre(VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(
+                        AllOf(WithMotionAction(ACTION_MOVE),
+                              WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE),
+                              WithCoords(30.0f, 40.0f)))));
+
+    // Disable pointer capture. Afterwards, events should be generated the usual way.
+    setPointerCapture(false);
+
+    args.clear();
+    args += process(EV_REL, REL_X, 10);
+    args += process(EV_REL, REL_Y, 20);
+    args += process(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+    ASSERT_THAT(args,
+                ElementsAre(VariantWith<NotifyMotionArgs>(
+                        AllOf(WithMotionAction(HOVER_MOVE), WithSource(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE),
+                              WithCoords(INITIAL_CURSOR_X + 10.0f, INITIAL_CURSOR_Y + 20.0f),
+                              WithCursorPosition(INITIAL_CURSOR_X + 10.0f,
+                                                 INITIAL_CURSOR_Y + 20.0f)))));
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp
index 7ccfaca..fdf9ed1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDeviceMetricsCollector_test.cpp
@@ -66,21 +66,14 @@
 }
 
 InputDeviceInfo generateTestDeviceInfo(int32_t id = DEVICE_ID,
-                                       uint32_t sources = TOUCHSCREEN | STYLUS,
-                                       bool isAlphabetic = false) {
+                                       uint32_t sources = TOUCHSCREEN | STYLUS) {
     auto info = InputDeviceInfo();
     info.initialize(id, /*generation=*/1, /*controllerNumber=*/1, generateTestIdentifier(id),
                     "alias", /*isExternal=*/false, /*hasMic=*/false, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
     info.addSource(sources);
-    info.setKeyboardType(isAlphabetic ? AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC
-                                      : AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC);
     return info;
 }
 
-const InputDeviceInfo ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO =
-        generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID, KEY_SOURCES, /*isAlphabetic=*/true);
-const InputDeviceInfo NON_ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO =
-        generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID, KEY_SOURCES, /*isAlphabetic=*/false);
 const InputDeviceInfo TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO = generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID);
 const InputDeviceInfo SECOND_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS_INFO = generateTestDeviceInfo(DEVICE_ID_2);
 
@@ -106,7 +99,7 @@
     switch (usageSource) {
         case InputDeviceUsageSource::UNKNOWN: {
             ASSERT_EQ(InputDeviceUsageSource::UNKNOWN,
-                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(generateTestDeviceInfo(),
+                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NONE,
                                                KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, TOUCHSCREEN)
                                                        .build()));
 
@@ -123,7 +116,7 @@
 
         case InputDeviceUsageSource::BUTTONS: {
             ASSERT_EQ(InputDeviceUsageSource::BUTTONS,
-                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(NON_ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO,
+                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC,
                                                KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, KEY_SOURCES)
                                                        .keyCode(AKEYCODE_STYLUS_BUTTON_TAIL)
                                                        .build()));
@@ -132,7 +125,7 @@
 
         case InputDeviceUsageSource::KEYBOARD: {
             ASSERT_EQ(InputDeviceUsageSource::KEYBOARD,
-                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO,
+                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC,
                                                KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, KEY_SOURCES)
                                                        .build()));
             break;
@@ -140,13 +133,13 @@
 
         case InputDeviceUsageSource::DPAD: {
             ASSERT_EQ(InputDeviceUsageSource::DPAD,
-                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(NON_ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO,
+                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC,
                                                KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, KEY_SOURCES)
                                                        .keyCode(AKEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER)
                                                        .build()));
 
             ASSERT_EQ(InputDeviceUsageSource::DPAD,
-                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO,
+                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC,
                                                KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, KEY_SOURCES)
                                                        .keyCode(AKEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER)
                                                        .build()));
@@ -155,13 +148,13 @@
 
         case InputDeviceUsageSource::GAMEPAD: {
             ASSERT_EQ(InputDeviceUsageSource::GAMEPAD,
-                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(NON_ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO,
+                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC,
                                                KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, KEY_SOURCES)
                                                        .keyCode(AKEYCODE_BUTTON_A)
                                                        .build()));
 
             ASSERT_EQ(InputDeviceUsageSource::GAMEPAD,
-                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(ALPHABETIC_KEYBOARD_INFO,
+                      getUsageSourceForKeyArgs(AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC,
                                                KeyArgsBuilder(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, KEY_SOURCES)
                                                        .keyCode(AKEYCODE_BUTTON_A)
                                                        .build()));
@@ -358,7 +351,13 @@
                            std::optional<UidUsageBreakdown> uidBreakdown = {}) {
         ASSERT_GE(mLoggedUsageSessions.size(), 1u);
         const auto& [loggedInfo, report] = *mLoggedUsageSessions.begin();
-        ASSERT_EQ(info.getIdentifier(), loggedInfo.getIdentifier());
+        const auto& i = info.getIdentifier();
+        ASSERT_EQ(info.getId(), loggedInfo.deviceId);
+        ASSERT_EQ(i.vendor, loggedInfo.vendor);
+        ASSERT_EQ(i.product, loggedInfo.product);
+        ASSERT_EQ(i.version, loggedInfo.version);
+        ASSERT_EQ(i.bus, loggedInfo.bus);
+        ASSERT_EQ(info.getUsiVersion().has_value(), loggedInfo.isUsiStylus);
         ASSERT_EQ(duration, report.usageDuration);
         if (sourceBreakdown) {
             ASSERT_EQ(sourceBreakdown, report.sourceBreakdown);
@@ -389,12 +388,12 @@
     }
 
 private:
-    std::vector<std::tuple<InputDeviceInfo, DeviceUsageReport>> mLoggedUsageSessions;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<MetricsDeviceInfo, DeviceUsageReport>> mLoggedUsageSessions;
     nanoseconds mCurrentTime{TIME};
 
     nanoseconds getCurrentTime() override { return mCurrentTime; }
 
-    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const InputDeviceInfo& info,
+    void logInputDeviceUsageReported(const MetricsDeviceInfo& info,
                                      const DeviceUsageReport& report) override {
         mLoggedUsageSessions.emplace_back(info, report);
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index dd003a6..f0602df 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
+#include <input/PrintTools.h>
 #include <linux/input.h>
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
 
@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@
 using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
 using testing::AllOf;
 
+namespace {
+
 // An arbitrary time value.
 static constexpr nsecs_t ARBITRARY_TIME = 1234;
 
@@ -136,6 +139,10 @@
     auto operator<=>(const PointF&) const = default;
 };
 
+inline std::string pointFToString(const PointF& p) {
+    return std::string("(") + std::to_string(p.x) + ", " + std::to_string(p.y) + ")";
+}
+
 /**
  * Return a DOWN key event with KEYCODE_A.
  */
@@ -148,13 +155,8 @@
     return event;
 }
 
-static void assertMotionAction(int32_t expectedAction, int32_t receivedAction) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(expectedAction, receivedAction)
-            << "expected " << MotionEvent::actionToString(expectedAction) << ", got "
-            << MotionEvent::actionToString(receivedAction);
-}
-
 MATCHER_P(WithDownTime, downTime, "InputEvent with specified downTime") {
+    *result_listener << "expected downTime " << downTime << ", but got " << arg.getDownTime();
     return arg.getDownTime() == downTime;
 }
 
@@ -165,6 +167,7 @@
 }
 
 MATCHER_P(WithFlags, flags, "InputEvent with specified flags") {
+    *result_listener << "expected flags " << std::hex << flags << ", but got " << arg.getFlags();
     return arg.getFlags() == flags;
 }
 
@@ -173,10 +176,16 @@
         *result_listener << "Expected 1 pointer, got " << arg.getPointerCount();
         return false;
     }
-    return arg.getX(/*pointerIndex=*/0) == x && arg.getY(/*pointerIndex=*/0) == y;
+    const float receivedX = arg.getX(/*pointerIndex=*/0);
+    const float receivedY = arg.getY(/*pointerIndex=*/0);
+    *result_listener << "expected coords (" << x << ", " << y << "), but got (" << receivedX << ", "
+                     << receivedY << ")";
+    return receivedX == x && receivedY == y;
 }
 
 MATCHER_P(WithPointerCount, pointerCount, "MotionEvent with specified number of pointers") {
+    *result_listener << "expected pointerCount " << pointerCount << ", but got "
+                     << arg.getPointerCount();
     return arg.getPointerCount() == pointerCount;
 }
 
@@ -187,6 +196,8 @@
         const int32_t pointerId = arg.getPointerId(pointerIndex);
         actualPointers[pointerId] = {arg.getX(pointerIndex), arg.getY(pointerIndex)};
     }
+    *result_listener << "expected pointers " << dumpMap(pointers, constToString, pointFToString)
+                     << ", but got " << dumpMap(actualPointers, constToString, pointFToString);
     return pointers == actualPointers;
 }
 
@@ -617,6 +628,7 @@
         mFilteredEvent = nullptr;
     }
 };
+} // namespace
 
 // --- InputDispatcherTest ---
 
@@ -959,7 +971,7 @@
         switch (expectedEventType) {
             case InputEventType::KEY: {
                 const KeyEvent& keyEvent = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(*event);
-                EXPECT_EQ(expectedAction, keyEvent.getAction());
+                ASSERT_THAT(keyEvent, WithKeyAction(expectedAction));
                 if (expectedFlags.has_value()) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(expectedFlags.value(), keyEvent.getFlags());
                 }
@@ -967,8 +979,7 @@
             }
             case InputEventType::MOTION: {
                 const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(*event);
-                assertMotionAction(expectedAction, motionEvent.getAction());
-
+                ASSERT_THAT(motionEvent, WithMotionAction(expectedAction));
                 if (expectedFlags.has_value()) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(expectedFlags.value(), motionEvent.getFlags());
                 }
@@ -4003,6 +4014,60 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * When there are multiple screens, such as screen projection to TV or screen recording, if the
+ * cancel event occurs, the coordinates of the cancel event should be sent to the target screen, and
+ * its coordinates should be converted by the transform of the windows of target screen.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WhenMultiDisplayWindowSameToken_DispatchCancelToTargetDisplay) {
+    // This case will create a window and a spy window on the default display and mirror
+    //  window on the second display. cancel event is sent through spy  window pilferPointers
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> spyWindowDefaultDisplay =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "Spy", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    spyWindowDefaultDisplay->setTrustedOverlay(true);
+    spyWindowDefaultDisplay->setSpy(true);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> windowDefaultDisplay =
+            sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher, "DefaultDisplay",
+                                       ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    windowDefaultDisplay->setWindowTransform(1, 0, 0, 1);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> windowSecondDisplay = windowDefaultDisplay->clone(SECOND_DISPLAY_ID);
+    windowSecondDisplay->setWindowTransform(2, 0, 0, 2);
+
+    // Add the windows to the dispatcher
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged(
+            {{*spyWindowDefaultDisplay->getInfo(), *windowDefaultDisplay->getInfo(),
+              *windowSecondDisplay->getInfo()},
+             {},
+             0,
+             0});
+
+    // Send down to ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(*mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 100}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    spyWindowDefaultDisplay->consumeMotionDown();
+    windowDefaultDisplay->consumeMotionDown();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->pilferPointers(spyWindowDefaultDisplay->getToken()));
+
+    // windowDefaultDisplay gets cancel
+    MotionEvent* event = windowDefaultDisplay->consumeMotion();
+    EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, event->getAction());
+
+    // The cancel event is sent to windowDefaultDisplay of the ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT display, so the
+    // coordinates of the cancel are converted by windowDefaultDisplay's transform, the x and y
+    // coordinates are both 100, otherwise if the cancel event is sent to windowSecondDisplay of
+    // SECOND_DISPLAY_ID, the x and y coordinates are 200
+    EXPECT_EQ(100, event->getX(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(100, event->getY(0));
+}
+
+/**
  * Ensure the correct coordinate spaces are used by InputDispatcher.
  *
  * InputDispatcher works in the display space, so its coordinate system is relative to the display
@@ -6413,7 +6478,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, motionEvent)
                 << name.c_str() << ": consumer should have returned non-NULL event.";
 
-        assertMotionAction(expectedAction, motionEvent->getAction());
+        ASSERT_THAT(*motionEvent, WithMotionAction(expectedAction));
         ASSERT_EQ(points.size(), motionEvent->getPointerCount());
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
@@ -6794,6 +6859,10 @@
 // We have a focused application, but no focused window
 // Make sure that we don't notify policy twice about the same ANR.
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, NoFocusedWindow_DoesNotSendDuplicateAnr) {
+    const std::chrono::duration appTimeout = 400ms;
+    mApplication->setDispatchingTimeout(appTimeout);
+    mDispatcher->setFocusedApplication(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, mApplication);
+
     mWindow->setFocusable(false);
     mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({{*mWindow->getInfo()}, {}, 0, 0});
     mWindow->consumeFocusEvent(false);
@@ -6801,13 +6870,18 @@
     // Once a focused event arrives, we get an ANR for this application
     // We specify the injection timeout to be smaller than the application timeout, to ensure that
     // injection times out (instead of failing).
+    const std::chrono::duration eventInjectionTimeout = 100ms;
+    ASSERT_LT(eventInjectionTimeout, appTimeout);
     const InputEventInjectionResult result =
             injectKey(*mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, /*repeatCount=*/0, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
-                      InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT, 100ms, /*allowKeyRepeat=*/false);
-    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::TIMED_OUT, result);
-    const std::chrono::duration appTimeout =
-            mApplication->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
-    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyNoFocusedWindowAnrWasCalled(appTimeout, mApplication);
+                      InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT, eventInjectionTimeout,
+                      /*allowKeyRepeat=*/false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::TIMED_OUT, result)
+            << "result=" << ftl::enum_string(result);
+    // We already waited for 'eventInjectionTimeout`, because the countdown started when the event
+    // was first injected. So now we have (appTimeout - eventInjectionTimeout) left to wait.
+    std::chrono::duration remainingWaitTime = appTimeout - eventInjectionTimeout;
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyNoFocusedWindowAnrWasCalled(remainingWaitTime, mApplication);
 
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(appTimeout);
     // ANR should not be raised again. It is up to policy to do that if it desires.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp
index 0eee2b9..dac4ea0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 void InputMapperUnitTest::SetUp() {
     mFakePointerController = std::make_shared<FakePointerController>();
     mFakePointerController->setBounds(0, 0, 800 - 1, 480 - 1);
-    mFakePointerController->setPosition(400, 240);
+    mFakePointerController->setPosition(INITIAL_CURSOR_X, INITIAL_CURSOR_Y);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mMockInputReaderContext, getPointerController(DEVICE_ID))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(mFakePointerController));
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h
index 909bd9c..c2ac258 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputMapperTest.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 protected:
     static constexpr int32_t EVENTHUB_ID = 1;
     static constexpr int32_t DEVICE_ID = END_RESERVED_ID + 1000;
+    static constexpr float INITIAL_CURSOR_X = 400;
+    static constexpr float INITIAL_CURSOR_Y = 240;
     virtual void SetUp() override;
 
     void setupAxis(int axis, bool valid, int32_t min, int32_t max, int32_t resolution);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 6539593..6032e30 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -4744,92 +4744,6 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePointerController->assertPosition(110.0f, 220.0f));
 }
 
-TEST_F(CursorInputMapperTest, Process_PointerCapture) {
-    addConfigurationProperty("cursor.mode", "pointer");
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
-    CursorInputMapper& mapper = constructAndAddMapper<CursorInputMapper>();
-
-    NotifyDeviceResetArgs resetArgs;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&resetArgs));
-    ASSERT_EQ(ARBITRARY_TIME, resetArgs.eventTime);
-    ASSERT_EQ(DEVICE_ID, resetArgs.deviceId);
-
-    mFakePointerController->setBounds(0, 0, 800 - 1, 480 - 1);
-    mFakePointerController->setPosition(100, 200);
-
-    NotifyMotionArgs args;
-
-    // Move.
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_REL, REL_X, 10);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_REL, REL_Y, 20);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, args.source);
-    ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, args.action);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0],
-            10.0f, 20.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePointerController->assertPosition(100.0f, 200.0f));
-
-    // Button press.
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, BTN_MOUSE, 1);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, args.source);
-    ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, args.action);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0],
-            0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, args.source);
-    ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS, args.action);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0],
-            0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-
-    // Button release.
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + 2, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, BTN_MOUSE, 0);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME + 2, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, args.source);
-    ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE, args.action);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0],
-            0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, args.source);
-    ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, args.action);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0],
-            0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-
-    // Another move.
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_REL, REL_X, 30);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_REL, REL_Y, 40);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, args.source);
-    ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, args.action);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0],
-            30.0f, 40.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePointerController->assertPosition(100.0f, 200.0f));
-
-    // Disable pointer capture and check that the device generation got bumped
-    // and events are generated the usual way.
-    const uint32_t generation = mReader->getContext()->getGeneration();
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
-    configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::Change::POINTER_CAPTURE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader->getContext()->getGeneration() != generation);
-
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&resetArgs));
-    ASSERT_EQ(DEVICE_ID, resetArgs.deviceId);
-
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_REL, REL_X, 10);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_REL, REL_Y, 20);
-    process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, args.source);
-    ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, args.action);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0],
-            110.0f, 220.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakePointerController->assertPosition(110.0f, 220.0f));
-}
-
 /**
  * When Pointer Capture is enabled, we expect to report unprocessed relative movements, so any
  * pointer acceleration or speed processing should not be applied.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InterfaceMocks.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/InterfaceMocks.h
index 5d50b94..05823cd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InterfaceMocks.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InterfaceMocks.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
                 (int32_t deviceId), (override));
 
     MOCK_METHOD(void, requestTimeoutAtTime, (nsecs_t when), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(int32_t, bumpGeneration, (), (override));
+    int32_t bumpGeneration() override { return ++mGeneration; }
 
     MOCK_METHOD(void, getExternalStylusDevices, (std::vector<InputDeviceInfo> & outDevices),
                 (override));
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@
 
     MOCK_METHOD(void, setPreventingTouchpadTaps, (bool prevent), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPreventingTouchpadTaps, (), (override));
+
+private:
+    int32_t mGeneration = 0;
 };
 
 class MockEventHubInterface : public EventHubInterface {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/KeyboardInputMapper_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/KeyboardInputMapper_test.cpp
index 08a5559..48f5673 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/KeyboardInputMapper_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/KeyboardInputMapper_test.cpp
@@ -112,6 +112,15 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Pointer should still hide if touchpad taps are already disabled
+ */
+TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperUnitTest, AlphanumericKeystrokesWithTouchpadTapDisabledHidePointer) {
+    mFakePolicy->setIsInputMethodConnectionActive(true);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockInputReaderContext, isPreventingTouchpadTaps).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+    testPointerVisibilityForKeys({KEY_0, KEY_A}, /* expectVisible= */ false);
+}
+
+/**
  * Pointer visibility should remain unaffected by meta keys even if Input Method Connection is
  * active
  */
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
index 183383f..31ad569 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListenerMatchers.h
@@ -185,6 +185,14 @@
     return argX == x && argY == y;
 }
 
+MATCHER_P2(WithCursorPosition, x, y, "InputEvent with specified cursor position") {
+    const auto argX = arg.xCursorPosition;
+    const auto argY = arg.yCursorPosition;
+    *result_listener << "expected cursor position (" << x << ", " << y << "), but got (" << argX
+                     << ", " << argY << ")";
+    return (isnan(x) ? isnan(argX) : x == argX) && (isnan(y) ? isnan(argY) : y == argY);
+}
+
 MATCHER_P3(WithPointerCoords, pointer, x, y, "InputEvent with specified coords for pointer") {
     const auto argX = arg.pointerCoords[pointer].getX();
     const auto argY = arg.pointerCoords[pointer].getY();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp
index e9016bb..219b662 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/BlockingQueueFuzzer.cpp
@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@
                     // Pops blocks if it is empty, so only pop up to num elements inserted.
                     size_t numPops = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, filled);
                     for (size_t i = 0; i < numPops; i++) {
-                        queue.popWithTimeout(
-                                std::chrono::nanoseconds{fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>()});
+                        // Provide a random timeout up to 1 second
+                        queue.popWithTimeout(std::chrono::nanoseconds(
+                                fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int64_t>(0, 1E9)));
                     }
                     filled > numPops ? filled -= numPops : filled = 0;
                 },
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputClassifierFuzzer.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputClassifierFuzzer.cpp
index f8ebc97..3b3ed9b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputClassifierFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/fuzzers/InputClassifierFuzzer.cpp
@@ -73,9 +73,11 @@
                 },
                 [&]() -> void {
                     // SendToNextStage_NotifyKeyArgs
-                    const nsecs_t eventTime = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<nsecs_t>();
-                    const nsecs_t readTime =
-                            eventTime + fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<nsecs_t>(0, 1E8);
+                    const nsecs_t eventTime =
+                            fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<nsecs_t>(0,
+                                                                systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC));
+                    const nsecs_t readTime = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<
+                            nsecs_t>(eventTime, std::numeric_limits<nsecs_t>::max());
                     mClassifier->notifyKey({/*sequenceNum=*/fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
                                             eventTime, readTime,
                                             /*deviceId=*/fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
index ed4829a..6870d4e 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/aidl/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
                 "unsigned-integer-overflow",
             ],
         },
-        address: true,
         integer_overflow: true,
     },
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
index 22db247..fe56969 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
@@ -844,10 +844,16 @@
 
 bool OutputLayer::needsFiltering() const {
     const auto& state = getState();
-    const auto& displayFrame = state.displayFrame;
     const auto& sourceCrop = state.sourceCrop;
-    return sourceCrop.getHeight() != displayFrame.getHeight() ||
-            sourceCrop.getWidth() != displayFrame.getWidth();
+    auto displayFrameWidth = static_cast<float>(state.displayFrame.getWidth());
+    auto displayFrameHeight = static_cast<float>(state.displayFrame.getHeight());
+
+    if (state.bufferTransform & HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90) {
+        std::swap(displayFrameWidth, displayFrameHeight);
+    }
+
+    return sourceCrop.getHeight() != displayFrameHeight ||
+            sourceCrop.getWidth() != displayFrameWidth;
 }
 
 std::optional<LayerFE::LayerSettings> OutputLayer::getOverrideCompositionSettings() const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
index 9039d16..630906a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
@@ -1614,5 +1614,20 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mOutputLayer.needsFiltering());
 }
 
+TEST_F(OutputLayerTest, needsFilteringReturnsFalseIfRotatedDisplaySizeSameAsSourceSize) {
+    mOutputLayer.editState().displayFrame = Rect(100, 100, 300, 200);
+    mOutputLayer.editState().sourceCrop = FloatRect{0.f, 0.f, 100.f, 200.f};
+    mOutputLayer.editState().bufferTransform = Hwc2::Transform::ROT_90;
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutputLayer.needsFiltering());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OutputLayerTest, needsFilteringReturnsTrueIfRotatedDisplaySizeDiffersFromSourceSize) {
+    mOutputLayer.editState().displayFrame = Rect(100, 100, 300, 200);
+    mOutputLayer.editState().sourceCrop = FloatRect{0.f, 0.f, 100.f, 200.f};
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutputLayer.needsFiltering());
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 252ba8e..1faf6a1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -477,8 +477,12 @@
 
 void DisplayDevice::updateRefreshRateOverlayRate(Fps vsyncRate, Fps renderFps, bool setByHwc) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    if (mRefreshRateOverlay && (!mRefreshRateOverlay->isSetByHwc() || setByHwc)) {
-        mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(vsyncRate, renderFps);
+    if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
+        if (!mRefreshRateOverlay->isSetByHwc() || setByHwc) {
+            mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(vsyncRate, renderFps);
+        } else {
+            mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRenderRate(renderFps);
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
index 422513b..1775a7a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
 #include "Scheduler/StrongTyping.h"
-
-#include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@
     // Peak refresh rate represents the highest refresh rate that can be used
     // for the presentation.
     Fps getPeakFps() const {
-        return flags::vrr_config() && mVrrConfig
+        return flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled() && mVrrConfig
                 ? Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mVrrConfig->minFrameIntervalNs)
                 : mVsyncRate;
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
index 7537a39..a5e9368 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshot.h
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
     bool isTrustedOverlay;
     gui::GameMode gameMode;
     scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate frameRate;
+    scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy frameRateSelectionStrategy;
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags fixedTransformHint;
     std::optional<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> transformHint;
     bool handleSkipScreenshotFlag = false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
index da84e44..4c9fb06 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerSnapshotBuilder.cpp
@@ -813,11 +813,23 @@
                 RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy) ||
         snapshot.changes.any(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate |
                              RequestedLayerState::Changes::Hierarchy)) {
-        snapshot.frameRate = requested.requestedFrameRate.isValid() ? requested.requestedFrameRate
-                                                                    : parentSnapshot.frameRate;
+        bool shouldOverrideChildren = parentSnapshot.frameRateSelectionStrategy ==
+                scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren;
+        snapshot.frameRate = !requested.requestedFrameRate.isValid() || shouldOverrideChildren
+                ? parentSnapshot.frameRate
+                : requested.requestedFrameRate;
         snapshot.changes |= RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate;
     }
 
+    if (forceUpdate || snapshot.clientChanges & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged) {
+        const auto strategy = scheduler::LayerInfo::convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(
+                requested.frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+        snapshot.frameRateSelectionStrategy =
+                strategy == scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self
+                ? parentSnapshot.frameRateSelectionStrategy
+                : strategy;
+    }
+
     if (forceUpdate || snapshot.clientChanges & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority) {
         snapshot.frameRateSelectionPriority =
                 (requested.frameRateSelectionPriority == Layer::PRIORITY_UNSET)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
index 2bf8bc9..dc8694c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/RequestedLayerState.cpp
@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@
     defaultFrameRateCompatibility =
             static_cast<int8_t>(scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
     frameRateCategory = static_cast<int8_t>(FrameRateCategory::Default);
+    frameRateSelectionStrategy =
+            static_cast<int8_t>(scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self);
     dataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB;
     gameMode = gui::GameMode::Unsupported;
     requestedFrameRate = {};
@@ -403,10 +405,19 @@
     return debug.str();
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate& obj) {
+    out << obj.vote.rate;
+    out << " " << ftl::enum_string_full(obj.vote.type);
+    out << " " << ftl::enum_string_full(obj.category);
+    return out;
+}
+
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const RequestedLayerState& obj) {
     out << obj.debugName;
     if (obj.relativeParentId != UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID) out << " parent=" << obj.parentId;
     if (!obj.handleAlive) out << " handleNotAlive";
+    if (obj.requestedFrameRate.isValid())
+        out << " requestedFrameRate: {" << obj.requestedFrameRate << "}";
     return out;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 2684000..5890050 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@
     mDrawingState.dropInputMode = gui::DropInputMode::NONE;
     mDrawingState.dimmingEnabled = true;
     mDrawingState.defaultFrameRateCompatibility = FrameRateCompatibility::Default;
+    mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionStrategy = FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self;
 
     if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eNoColorFill) {
         // Set an invalid color so there is no color fill.
@@ -1251,9 +1252,14 @@
     return mBorderColor;
 }
 
-bool Layer::propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool* transactionNeeded) {
-    // The frame rate for layer tree is this layer's frame rate if present, or the parent frame rate
+bool Layer::propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool overrideChildren,
+                                           bool* transactionNeeded) {
+    // Gets the frame rate to propagate to children.
     const auto frameRate = [&] {
+        if (overrideChildren && parentFrameRate.isValid()) {
+            return parentFrameRate;
+        }
+
         if (mDrawingState.frameRate.isValid()) {
             return mDrawingState.frameRate;
         }
@@ -1267,7 +1273,10 @@
     bool childrenHaveFrameRate = false;
     for (const sp<Layer>& child : mCurrentChildren) {
         childrenHaveFrameRate |=
-                child->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(frameRate, transactionNeeded);
+                child->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(frameRate,
+                                                      overrideChildren ||
+                                                              shouldOverrideChildrenFrameRate(),
+                                                      transactionNeeded);
     }
 
     // If we don't have a valid frame rate specification, but the children do, we set this
@@ -1300,7 +1309,7 @@
     }();
 
     bool transactionNeeded = false;
-    root->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree({}, &transactionNeeded);
+    root->propagateFrameRateForLayerTree({}, false, &transactionNeeded);
 
     // TODO(b/195668952): we probably don't need eTraversalNeeded here
     if (transactionNeeded) {
@@ -1338,6 +1347,17 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool Layer::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy strategy) {
+    if (mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionStrategy == strategy) return false;
+    mDrawingState.frameRateSelectionStrategy = strategy;
+    mDrawingState.sequence++;
+    mDrawingState.modified = true;
+
+    updateTreeHasFrameRateVote();
+    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
+    return true;
+}
+
 void Layer::setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
                                                       nsecs_t postTime) {
     mDrawingState.postTime = postTime;
@@ -3163,8 +3183,7 @@
     } else {
         // release sideband stream if it exists and a non null buffer is being set
         if (mDrawingState.sidebandStream != nullptr) {
-            mFlinger->mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->decrementTunnelModeCount();
-            mDrawingState.sidebandStream = nullptr;
+            setSidebandStream(nullptr, info, postTime);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 0b0cef5..40882f4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
 
     using FrameRate = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRate;
     using FrameRateCompatibility = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility;
+    using FrameRateSelectionStrategy = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy;
 
     struct State {
         int32_t z;
@@ -188,6 +189,8 @@
         // The combined frame rate of parents / children of this layer
         FrameRate frameRateForLayerTree;
 
+        FrameRateSelectionStrategy frameRateSelectionStrategy;
+
         // Set by window manager indicating the layer and all its children are
         // in a different orientation than the display. The hint suggests that
         // the graphic producers should receive a transform hint as if the
@@ -782,6 +785,8 @@
     bool setFrameRate(FrameRate::FrameRateVote);
     bool setFrameRateCategory(FrameRateCategory);
 
+    bool setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy);
+
     virtual void setFrameTimelineInfoForBuffer(const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/) {}
     void setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(const FrameTimelineInfo& info, nsecs_t postTime);
     void setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
@@ -1097,7 +1102,8 @@
                                           const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree);
 
     void updateTreeHasFrameRateVote();
-    bool propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool* transactionNeeded);
+    bool propagateFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate parentFrameRate, bool overrideChildren,
+                                        bool* transactionNeeded);
     void setZOrderRelativeOf(const wp<Layer>& relativeOf);
     bool isTrustedOverlay() const;
     gui::DropInputMode getDropInputMode() const;
@@ -1159,6 +1165,11 @@
     void transferAvailableJankData(const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles,
                                    std::vector<JankData>& jankData);
 
+    bool shouldOverrideChildrenFrameRate() const {
+        return getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy ==
+                FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren;
+    }
+
     // Cached properties computed from drawing state
     // Effective transform taking into account parent transforms and any parent scaling, which is
     // a transform from the current layer coordinate space to display(screen) coordinate space.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
index 3270e4c..0aee7d4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 alecmouri@google.com
 chaviw@google.com
 domlaskowski@google.com
+jreck@google.com
 lpy@google.com
 pdwilliams@google.com
 racarr@google.com
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index e918dc9..be04c09 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "Client.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "RefreshRateOverlay.h"
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 
 #include <SkSurface.h>
 
@@ -249,6 +250,14 @@
     createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
 }
 
+void RefreshRateOverlay::changeRenderRate(Fps renderFps) {
+    if (mFeatures.test(Features::RenderRate) && mVsyncRate && flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled()) {
+        mRenderFps = renderFps;
+        const auto buffer = getOrCreateBuffers(*mVsyncRate, renderFps)[mFrame];
+        createTransaction().setBuffer(mSurfaceControl->get(), buffer).apply();
+    }
+}
+
 void RefreshRateOverlay::animate() {
     if (!mFeatures.test(Features::Spinner) || !mVsyncRate) return;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index c0fc79b..ae334e5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
     void setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack);
     void setViewport(ui::Size);
     void changeRefreshRate(Fps, Fps);
+    void changeRenderRate(Fps);
     void animate();
     bool isSetByHwc() const { return mFeatures.test(RefreshRateOverlay::Features::SetByHwc); }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index c70ed2c..edab7ec 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,15 @@
     return event;
 }
 
+DisplayEventReceiver::Event makeHotplugError(nsecs_t timestamp, int32_t connectionError) {
+    DisplayEventReceiver::Event event;
+    PhysicalDisplayId unusedDisplayId;
+    event.header = {DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG, unusedDisplayId, timestamp};
+    event.hotplug.connected = false;
+    event.hotplug.connectionError = connectionError;
+    return event;
+}
+
 DisplayEventReceiver::Event makeVSync(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, nsecs_t timestamp,
                                       uint32_t count, nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime,
                                       nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp) {
@@ -162,10 +171,8 @@
 } // namespace
 
 EventThreadConnection::EventThreadConnection(EventThread* eventThread, uid_t callingUid,
-                                             ResyncCallback resyncCallback,
                                              EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration)
-      : resyncCallback(std::move(resyncCallback)),
-        mOwnerUid(callingUid),
+      : mOwnerUid(callingUid),
         mEventRegistration(eventRegistration),
         mEventThread(eventThread),
         mChannel(gui::BitTube::DefaultSize) {}
@@ -241,9 +248,7 @@
 
 EventThread::EventThread(const char* name, std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> vsyncSchedule,
                          android::frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager,
-                         ThrottleVsyncCallback throttleVsyncCallback,
-                         GetVsyncPeriodFunction getVsyncPeriodFunction,
-                         std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
+                         IEventThreadCallback& callback, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                          std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration)
       : mThreadName(name),
         mVsyncTracer(base::StringPrintf("VSYNC-%s", name), 0),
@@ -252,11 +257,7 @@
         mVsyncSchedule(std::move(vsyncSchedule)),
         mVsyncRegistration(mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch(), createDispatchCallback(), name),
         mTokenManager(tokenManager),
-        mThrottleVsyncCallback(std::move(throttleVsyncCallback)),
-        mGetVsyncPeriodFunction(std::move(getVsyncPeriodFunction)) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(getVsyncPeriodFunction == nullptr,
-            "getVsyncPeriodFunction must not be null");
-
+        mCallback(callback) {
     mThread = std::thread([this]() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
         threadMain(lock);
@@ -298,10 +299,10 @@
 }
 
 sp<EventThreadConnection> EventThread::createEventConnection(
-        ResyncCallback resyncCallback, EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration) const {
+        EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration) const {
     return sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(const_cast<EventThread*>(this),
                                            IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid(),
-                                           std::move(resyncCallback), eventRegistration);
+                                           eventRegistration);
 }
 
 status_t EventThread::registerDisplayEventConnection(const sp<EventThreadConnection>& connection) {
@@ -344,9 +345,7 @@
 }
 
 void EventThread::requestNextVsync(const sp<EventThreadConnection>& connection) {
-    if (connection->resyncCallback) {
-        connection->resyncCallback();
-    }
+    mCallback.resync();
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
 
@@ -362,20 +361,18 @@
         const sp<EventThreadConnection>& connection) const {
     // Resync so that the vsync is accurate with hardware. getLatestVsyncEventData is an alternate
     // way to get vsync data (instead of posting callbacks to Choreographer).
-    if (connection->resyncCallback) {
-        connection->resyncCallback();
-    }
+    mCallback.resync();
 
     VsyncEventData vsyncEventData;
-    nsecs_t frameInterval = mGetVsyncPeriodFunction(connection->mOwnerUid);
-    vsyncEventData.frameInterval = frameInterval;
+    const Period frameInterval = mCallback.getVsyncPeriod(connection->mOwnerUid);
+    vsyncEventData.frameInterval = frameInterval.ns();
     const auto [presentTime, deadline] = [&]() -> std::pair<nsecs_t, nsecs_t> {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
         const auto vsyncTime = mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(
                 systemTime() + mWorkDuration.get().count() + mReadyDuration.count());
         return {vsyncTime, vsyncTime - mReadyDuration.count()};
     }();
-    generateFrameTimeline(vsyncEventData, frameInterval, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
+    generateFrameTimeline(vsyncEventData, frameInterval.ns(), systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC),
                           presentTime, deadline);
     return vsyncEventData;
 }
@@ -408,6 +405,13 @@
     mCondition.notify_all();
 }
 
+void EventThread::onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t errorCode) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+
+    mPendingEvents.push_back(makeHotplugError(systemTime(), errorCode));
+    mCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
 void EventThread::onModeChanged(const scheduler::FrameRateMode& mode) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
 
@@ -439,11 +443,15 @@
             mPendingEvents.pop_front();
 
             if (event->header.type == DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG) {
-                if (event->hotplug.connected && !mVSyncState) {
-                    mVSyncState.emplace(event->header.displayId);
-                } else if (!event->hotplug.connected && mVSyncState &&
-                           mVSyncState->displayId == event->header.displayId) {
-                    mVSyncState.reset();
+                if (event->hotplug.connectionError == 0) {
+                    if (event->hotplug.connected && !mVSyncState) {
+                        mVSyncState.emplace(event->header.displayId);
+                    } else if (!event->hotplug.connected && mVSyncState &&
+                               mVSyncState->displayId == event->header.displayId) {
+                        mVSyncState.reset();
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Ignore vsync stuff on an error.
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -529,9 +537,9 @@
                                             connection->frameRate);
         }
 
-        return mThrottleVsyncCallback &&
-                mThrottleVsyncCallback(event.vsync.vsyncData.preferredExpectedPresentationTime(),
-                                       connection->mOwnerUid);
+        const auto expectedPresentTime =
+                TimePoint::fromNs(event.vsync.vsyncData.preferredExpectedPresentationTime());
+        return mCallback.throttleVsync(expectedPresentTime, connection->mOwnerUid);
     };
 
     switch (event.header.type) {
@@ -651,9 +659,9 @@
     for (const auto& consumer : consumers) {
         DisplayEventReceiver::Event copy = event;
         if (event.header.type == DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC) {
-            const int64_t frameInterval = mGetVsyncPeriodFunction(consumer->mOwnerUid);
-            copy.vsync.vsyncData.frameInterval = frameInterval;
-            generateFrameTimeline(copy.vsync.vsyncData, frameInterval, copy.header.timestamp,
+            const Period frameInterval = mCallback.getVsyncPeriod(consumer->mOwnerUid);
+            copy.vsync.vsyncData.frameInterval = frameInterval.ns();
+            generateFrameTimeline(copy.vsync.vsyncData, frameInterval.ns(), copy.header.timestamp,
                                   event.vsync.vsyncData.preferredExpectedPresentationTime(),
                                   event.vsync.vsyncData.preferredDeadlineTimestamp());
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 7023445..a7c8b74 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-using ResyncCallback = std::function<void()>;
 using FrameRateOverride = DisplayEventReceiver::Event::FrameRateOverride;
 
 enum class VSyncRequest {
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@
 
 class EventThreadConnection : public gui::BnDisplayEventConnection {
 public:
-    EventThreadConnection(EventThread*, uid_t callingUid, ResyncCallback,
+    EventThreadConnection(EventThread*, uid_t callingUid,
                           EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {});
     virtual ~EventThreadConnection();
 
@@ -80,9 +79,6 @@
     binder::Status requestNextVsync() override; // asynchronous
     binder::Status getLatestVsyncEventData(ParcelableVsyncEventData* outVsyncEventData) override;
 
-    // Called in response to requestNextVsync.
-    const ResyncCallback resyncCallback;
-
     VSyncRequest vsyncRequest = VSyncRequest::None;
     const uid_t mOwnerUid;
     const EventRegistrationFlags mEventRegistration;
@@ -104,13 +100,15 @@
     virtual ~EventThread();
 
     virtual sp<EventThreadConnection> createEventConnection(
-            ResyncCallback, EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {}) const = 0;
+            EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {}) const = 0;
 
     // Feed clients with fake VSYNC, e.g. while the display is off.
     virtual void enableSyntheticVsync(bool) = 0;
 
     virtual void onHotplugReceived(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) = 0;
 
+    virtual void onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t connectionError) = 0;
+
     // called when SF changes the active mode and apps needs to be notified about the change
     virtual void onModeChanged(const scheduler::FrameRateMode&) = 0;
 
@@ -134,20 +132,25 @@
     virtual void onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) = 0;
 };
 
+struct IEventThreadCallback {
+    virtual ~IEventThreadCallback() = default;
+
+    virtual bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) = 0;
+    virtual Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) = 0;
+    virtual void resync() = 0;
+};
+
 namespace impl {
 
 class EventThread : public android::EventThread {
 public:
-    using ThrottleVsyncCallback = std::function<bool(nsecs_t, uid_t)>;
-    using GetVsyncPeriodFunction = std::function<nsecs_t(uid_t)>;
-
     EventThread(const char* name, std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>,
-                frametimeline::TokenManager*, ThrottleVsyncCallback, GetVsyncPeriodFunction,
+                frametimeline::TokenManager*, IEventThreadCallback& callback,
                 std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration);
     ~EventThread();
 
     sp<EventThreadConnection> createEventConnection(
-            ResyncCallback, EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {}) const override;
+            EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {}) const override;
 
     status_t registerDisplayEventConnection(const sp<EventThreadConnection>& connection) override;
     void setVsyncRate(uint32_t rate, const sp<EventThreadConnection>& connection) override;
@@ -159,6 +162,8 @@
 
     void onHotplugReceived(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) override;
 
+    void onHotplugConnectionError(int32_t connectionError) override;
+
     void onModeChanged(const scheduler::FrameRateMode&) override;
 
     void onFrameRateOverridesChanged(PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
@@ -210,8 +215,7 @@
     scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration mVsyncRegistration GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     frametimeline::TokenManager* const mTokenManager;
 
-    const ThrottleVsyncCallback mThrottleVsyncCallback;
-    const GetVsyncPeriodFunction mGetVsyncPeriodFunction;
+    IEventThreadCallback& mCallback;
 
     std::thread mThread;
     mutable std::mutex mMutex;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
index 0784251..875bdc8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
@@ -116,12 +116,24 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // Vote the small dirty when a layer contains at least HISTORY_SIZE of small dirty updates.
+    bool isSmallDirty = false;
+    if (smallDirtyCount >= kNumSmallDirtyThreshold) {
+        if (mLastSmallDirtyCount >= HISTORY_SIZE) {
+            isSmallDirty = true;
+        } else {
+            mLastSmallDirtyCount++;
+        }
+    } else {
+        mLastSmallDirtyCount = 0;
+    }
+
     if (isFrequent || isInfrequent) {
         // If the layer was previously inconclusive, we clear
         // the history as indeterminate layers changed to frequent,
         // and we should not look at the stale data.
         return {isFrequent, isFrequent && !mIsFrequencyConclusive, /* isConclusive */ true,
-                /* isSmallDirty */ smallDirtyCount >= kNumSmallDirtyThreshold};
+                isSmallDirty};
     }
 
     // If we can't determine whether the layer is frequent or not, we return
@@ -324,6 +336,7 @@
         ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("infrequent");
         ALOGV("%s is infrequent", mName.c_str());
         mLastRefreshRate.infrequent = true;
+        mLastSmallDirtyCount = 0;
         // Infrequent layers vote for minimal refresh rate for
         // battery saving purposes and also to prevent b/135718869.
         votes.push_back({LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, Fps()});
@@ -334,7 +347,7 @@
         clearHistory(now);
     }
 
-    // Return no vote if the latest frames are small dirty.
+    // Return no vote if the recent frames are small dirty.
     if (frequent.isSmallDirty && !mLastRefreshRate.reported.isValid()) {
         ATRACE_FORMAT_INSTANT("NoVote (small dirty)");
         ALOGV("%s is small dirty", mName.c_str());
@@ -490,6 +503,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy LayerInfo::convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(
+        int8_t strategy) {
+    switch (strategy) {
+        case ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_SELF:
+            return FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self;
+        case ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_OVERRIDE_CHILDREN:
+            return FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren;
+        default:
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Invalid frame rate selection strategy value %d", strategy);
+            return FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self;
+    }
+}
+
 bool LayerInfo::FrameRate::isNoVote() const {
     return vote.type == FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index 7fe407f..129b4c4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@
         ftl_last = NoVote
     };
 
+    enum class FrameRateSelectionStrategy {
+        Self,
+        OverrideChildren,
+
+        ftl_last = OverrideChildren
+    };
+
     // Encapsulates the frame rate specifications of the layer. This information will be used
     // when the display refresh rate is determined.
     struct FrameRate {
@@ -139,11 +146,11 @@
         static FrameRateCompatibility convertCompatibility(int8_t compatibility);
 
         // Convert an ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_* value to a scheduler::Seamlessness.
-        // Logs fatal if the compatibility value is invalid.
+        // Logs fatal if the strategy value is invalid.
         static scheduler::Seamlessness convertChangeFrameRateStrategy(int8_t strategy);
 
         // Convert an ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_CATEGORY_* value to a FrameRateCategory.
-        // Logs fatal if the compatibility value is invalid.
+        // Logs fatal if the category value is invalid.
         static FrameRateCategory convertCategory(int8_t category);
 
         // True if the FrameRate has explicit frame rate specifications.
@@ -164,6 +171,10 @@
         }
     };
 
+    // Convert an ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_SELECTION_STRATEGY_* value to FrameRateSelectionStrategy.
+    // Logs fatal if the strategy value is invalid.
+    static FrameRateSelectionStrategy convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(int8_t strategy);
+
     static void setTraceEnabled(bool enabled) { sTraceEnabled = enabled; }
 
     LayerInfo(const std::string& name, uid_t ownerUid, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType defaultVote);
@@ -346,6 +357,10 @@
 
     RefreshRateHistory mRefreshRateHistory;
 
+    // This will be accessed from only one thread when counting a layer is frequent or infrequent,
+    // and to determine whether a layer is in small dirty updating.
+    mutable int32_t mLastSmallDirtyCount = 0;
+
     mutable std::unordered_map<LayerHistory::LayerVoteType, std::string> mTraceTags;
 
     // Shared for all LayerInfo instances
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
index e378946..b06723d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateSelector.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 
 #include "../SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
 #include "RefreshRateSelector.h"
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 
 #include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
 
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@
     using fps_approx_ops::operator/;
     // use signed type as `fps / range.max` might be 0
     auto start = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(peakFps / range.max) - 1);
-    if (flags::vrr_config()) {
+    if (flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled()) {
         start = std::max(1,
                          static_cast<int>(vsyncRate /
                                           std::min(range.max, peakFps, fps_approx_ops::operator<)) -
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 595550b..68e2ce9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -211,6 +211,17 @@
         targeters.try_emplace(id, &targeter);
     }
 
+    if (flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled() &&
+        CC_UNLIKELY(mPacesetterFrameDurationFractionToSkip > 0.f)) {
+        const auto period = pacesetterTargeter.target().expectedFrameDuration();
+        const auto skipDuration = Duration::fromNs(
+                static_cast<nsecs_t>(period.ns() * mPacesetterFrameDurationFractionToSkip));
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("Injecting jank for %f%% of the frame (%" PRId64 " ns)",
+                      mPacesetterFrameDurationFractionToSkip * 100, skipDuration.ns());
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(skipDuration);
+        mPacesetterFrameDurationFractionToSkip = 0.f;
+    }
+
     const auto resultsPerDisplay = compositor.composite(pacesetterId, targeters);
     compositor.sample();
 
@@ -242,36 +253,35 @@
     return getVsyncSchedule()->getTracker().isVSyncInPhase(expectedVsyncTime.ns(), frameRate);
 }
 
-impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback Scheduler::makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const {
-    return [this](nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime, uid_t uid) {
-        return !isVsyncValid(TimePoint::fromNs(expectedVsyncTime), uid);
-    };
+bool Scheduler::throttleVsync(android::TimePoint expectedPresentTime, uid_t uid) {
+    return !isVsyncValid(expectedPresentTime, uid);
 }
 
-impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction Scheduler::makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const {
-    return [this](uid_t uid) {
-        const auto [refreshRate, period] = [this] {
-            std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
-            const auto pacesetterOpt = pacesetterDisplayLocked();
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!pacesetterOpt);
-            const Display& pacesetter = *pacesetterOpt;
-            return std::make_pair(pacesetter.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps,
-                                  pacesetter.schedulePtr->period());
-        }();
+Period Scheduler::getVsyncPeriod(uid_t uid) {
+    const auto [refreshRate, period] = [this] {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
+        const auto pacesetterOpt = pacesetterDisplayLocked();
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!pacesetterOpt);
+        const Display& pacesetter = *pacesetterOpt;
+        return std::make_pair(pacesetter.selectorPtr->getActiveMode().fps,
+                              pacesetter.schedulePtr->period());
+    }();
 
-        const Period currentPeriod = period != Period::zero() ? period : refreshRate.getPeriod();
+    const Period currentPeriod = period != Period::zero() ? period : refreshRate.getPeriod();
 
-        const auto frameRate = getFrameRateOverride(uid);
-        if (!frameRate.has_value()) {
-            return currentPeriod.ns();
-        }
+    const auto frameRate = getFrameRateOverride(uid);
+    if (!frameRate.has_value()) {
+        return currentPeriod;
+    }
 
-        const auto divisor = RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(refreshRate, *frameRate);
-        if (divisor <= 1) {
-            return currentPeriod.ns();
-        }
-        return currentPeriod.ns() * divisor;
-    };
+    const auto divisor = RefreshRateSelector::getFrameRateDivisor(refreshRate, *frameRate);
+    if (divisor <= 1) {
+        return currentPeriod;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/299378819): the casting is not needed, but we need a flag as it might change
+    // behaviour.
+    return Period::fromNs(currentPeriod.ns() * divisor);
 }
 
 ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createEventThread(Cycle cycle,
@@ -279,9 +289,7 @@
                                               std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                                               std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration) {
     auto eventThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(cycle == Cycle::Render ? "app" : "appSf",
-                                                           getVsyncSchedule(), tokenManager,
-                                                           makeThrottleVsyncCallback(),
-                                                           makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction(),
+                                                           getVsyncSchedule(), tokenManager, *this,
                                                            workDuration, readyDuration);
 
     auto& handle = cycle == Cycle::Render ? mAppConnectionHandle : mSfConnectionHandle;
@@ -293,7 +301,7 @@
     const ConnectionHandle handle = ConnectionHandle{mNextConnectionHandleId++};
     ALOGV("Creating a connection handle with ID %" PRIuPTR, handle.id);
 
-    auto connection = eventThread->createEventConnection([&] { resync(); });
+    auto connection = eventThread->createEventConnection();
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectionsLock);
     mConnections.emplace(handle, Connection{connection, std::move(eventThread)});
@@ -307,8 +315,7 @@
         std::scoped_lock lock(mConnectionsLock);
         RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle, nullptr);
 
-        return mConnections[handle].thread->createEventConnection([&] { resync(); },
-                                                                  eventRegistration);
+        return mConnections[handle].thread->createEventConnection(eventRegistration);
     }();
     const auto layerId = static_cast<int32_t>(LayerHandle::getLayerId(layerHandle));
 
@@ -347,6 +354,17 @@
     thread->onHotplugReceived(displayId, connected);
 }
 
+void Scheduler::onHotplugConnectionError(ConnectionHandle handle, int32_t errorCode) {
+    android::EventThread* thread;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectionsLock);
+        RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle);
+        thread = mConnections[handle].thread.get();
+    }
+
+    thread->onHotplugConnectionError(errorCode);
+}
+
 void Scheduler::enableSyntheticVsync(bool enable) {
     // TODO(b/241285945): Remove connection handles.
     const ConnectionHandle handle = mAppConnectionHandle;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index d65df2a..f652bb2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 
 class VsyncSchedule;
 
-class Scheduler : android::impl::MessageQueue {
+class Scheduler : public IEventThreadCallback, android::impl::MessageQueue {
     using Impl = android::impl::MessageQueue;
 
 public:
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@
     sp<EventThreadConnection> getEventConnection(ConnectionHandle);
 
     void onHotplugReceived(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId, bool connected);
+    void onHotplugConnectionError(ConnectionHandle, int32_t errorCode);
+
     void onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, const FrameRateMode&) EXCLUDES(mPolicyLock);
     void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, const FrameRateMode&);
 
@@ -215,7 +217,6 @@
         ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
         resyncToHardwareVsyncLocked(id, allowToEnable, refreshRate);
     }
-    void resync() EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
     void forceNextResync() { mLastResyncTime = 0; }
 
     // Passes a vsync sample to VsyncController. Returns true if
@@ -322,6 +323,11 @@
         return mFeatures.test(Feature::kSmallDirtyContentDetection);
     }
 
+    // Injects a delay that is a fraction of the predicted frame duration for the next frame.
+    void injectPacesetterDelay(float frameDurationFraction) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext) {
+        mPacesetterFrameDurationFractionToSkip = frameDurationFraction;
+    }
+
 private:
     friend class TestableScheduler;
 
@@ -418,8 +424,10 @@
 
     void dispatchCachedReportedMode() REQUIRES(mPolicyLock) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
-    android::impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const;
-    android::impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const;
+    // IEventThreadCallback overrides
+    bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) override;
+    Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) override EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void resync() override EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
 
     // Stores EventThread associated with a given VSyncSource, and an initial EventThreadConnection.
     struct Connection {
@@ -449,6 +457,9 @@
     // Timer used to monitor display power mode.
     ftl::Optional<OneShotTimer> mDisplayPowerTimer;
 
+    // Injected delay prior to compositing, for simulating jank.
+    float mPacesetterFrameDurationFractionToSkip GUARDED_BY(kMainThreadContext) = 0.f;
+
     ISchedulerCallback& mSchedulerCallback;
 
     // mDisplayLock may be locked while under mPolicyLock.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index f1a45cb..12aacad 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 #include "TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h"
 #include "Utils/Dumper.h"
+#include "Utils/FlagUtils.h"
 #include "WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h"
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/DisplayDecorationSupport.h>
@@ -498,7 +499,6 @@
     mMiscFlagValue = flags::misc1();
     mConnectedDisplayFlagValue = flags::connected_display();
     mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue = flags::late_boot_misc2();
-    mVrrConfigFlagValue = flags::vrr_config();
 }
 
 LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::getLatchUnsignaledConfig() {
@@ -1355,8 +1355,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (!display->isPoweredOn()) {
-            // Display is no longer powered on, so abort the mode change.
+        if (!shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(*display)) {
             clearDesiredActiveModeState(display);
             continue;
         }
@@ -2084,6 +2083,17 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onComposerHalVsync(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId, int64_t timestamp,
                                         std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodNanos> vsyncPeriod) {
+    if (mConnectedDisplayFlagValue) {
+        // use ~0 instead of -1 as AidlComposerHal.cpp passes the param as unsigned int32
+        if (mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync && timestamp < 0 && vsyncPeriod.has_value() &&
+            vsyncPeriod.value() == ~0) {
+            int hotplugErrorCode = static_cast<int32_t>(-timestamp);
+            ALOGD("SurfaceFlinger got hotplugErrorCode=%d", hotplugErrorCode);
+            mScheduler->onHotplugConnectionError(mAppConnectionHandle, hotplugErrorCode);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     ATRACE_NAME(vsyncPeriod
                         ? ftl::Concat(__func__, ' ', hwcDisplayId, ' ', *vsyncPeriod, "ns").c_str()
                         : ftl::Concat(__func__, ' ', hwcDisplayId).c_str());
@@ -3953,8 +3963,9 @@
 
         if (!display) continue;
 
-        if (!display->isPoweredOn()) {
-            ALOGV("%s(%s): Display is powered off", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
+        if (ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
+            !shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(*display)) {
+            ALOGV("%s(%s): Skipped applying policy", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -4050,6 +4061,9 @@
             sp<RegionSamplingThread>::make(*this,
                                            RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
     mFpsReporter = sp<FpsReporter>::make(*mFrameTimeline, *this);
+
+    mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync =
+            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.hwc_hotplug_error_via_neg_vsync"s, false);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updatePhaseConfiguration(Fps refreshRate) {
@@ -5206,6 +5220,14 @@
             flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
         }
     }
+    if (what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged) {
+        const scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy strategy =
+                scheduler::LayerInfo::convertFrameRateSelectionStrategy(
+                        s.frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+        if (layer->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(strategy)) {
+            flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
+        }
+    }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
         if (layer->setFixedTransformHint(s.fixedTransformHint)) {
             flags |= eTraversalNeeded | eTransformHintUpdateNeeded;
@@ -6410,7 +6432,8 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "Misc2FlagValue: %s (%s after boot)\n",
                   mMisc2FlagLateBootValue ? "true" : "false",
                   mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue == mMisc2FlagLateBootValue ? "stable" : "modified");
-    StringAppendF(&result, "VrrConfigFlagValue: %s\n", mVrrConfigFlagValue ? "true" : "false");
+    StringAppendF(&result, "VrrConfigFlagValue: %s\n",
+                  flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled() ? "true" : "false");
 
     getRenderEngine().dump(result);
 
@@ -6637,9 +6660,9 @@
         code == IBinder::SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION) {
         return OK;
     }
-    // Numbers from 1000 to 1044 are currently used for backdoors. The code
+    // Numbers from 1000 to 1045 are currently used for backdoors. The code
     // in onTransact verifies that the user is root, and has access to use SF.
-    if (code >= 1000 && code <= 1044) {
+    if (code >= 1000 && code <= 1045) {
         ALOGV("Accessing SurfaceFlinger through backdoor code: %u", code);
         return OK;
     }
@@ -7019,7 +7042,10 @@
             }
             case 1041: { // Transaction tracing
                 if (mTransactionTracing) {
-                    if (data.readInt32()) {
+                    int arg = data.readInt32();
+                    if (arg == -1) {
+                        mTransactionTracing.reset();
+                    } else if (arg > 0) {
                         // Transaction tracing is always running but allow the user to temporarily
                         // increase the buffer when actively debugging.
                         mTransactionTracing->setBufferSize(
@@ -7125,6 +7151,39 @@
                 }
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
+            // Inject jank
+            // First argument is a float that describes the fraction of frame duration to jank by.
+            // Second argument is a delay in ms for triggering the jank. This is useful for working
+            // with tools that steal the adb connection. This argument is optional.
+            case 1045: {
+                if (flagutils::vrrConfigEnabled()) {
+                    float jankAmount = data.readFloat();
+                    int32_t jankDelayMs = 0;
+                    if (data.readInt32(&jankDelayMs) != NO_ERROR) {
+                        jankDelayMs = 0;
+                    }
+
+                    const auto jankDelayDuration = Duration(std::chrono::milliseconds(jankDelayMs));
+
+                    const bool jankAmountValid = jankAmount > 0.0 && jankAmount < 100.0;
+
+                    if (!jankAmountValid) {
+                        ALOGD("Ignoring invalid jank amount: %f", jankAmount);
+                        reply->writeInt32(BAD_VALUE);
+                        return BAD_VALUE;
+                    }
+
+                    (void)mScheduler->scheduleDelayed(
+                            [&, jankAmount]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(kMainThreadContext) {
+                                mScheduler->injectPacesetterDelay(jankAmount);
+                                scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kActive);
+                            },
+                            jankDelayDuration.ns());
+                    reply->writeInt32(NO_ERROR);
+                    return NO_ERROR;
+                }
+                return err;
+            }
         }
     }
     return err;
@@ -8038,17 +8097,33 @@
             break;
     }
 
-    // TODO(b/255635711): Apply the policy once the display is powered on, which is currently only
-    // done for the internal display that becomes active on fold/unfold. For now, assume that DM
-    // always powers on the secondary (internal or external) display before setting its policy.
-    if (!display->isPoweredOn()) {
-        ALOGV("%s(%s): Display is powered off", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
+    if (!shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(*display)) {
+        ALOGV("%s(%s): Skipped applying policy", __func__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
     return applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(displayId, selector);
 }
 
+bool SurfaceFlinger::shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(const DisplayDevice& display) const {
+    if (display.isPoweredOn() || mPhysicalDisplays.size() == 1) return true;
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(display.isVirtual());
+    const auto displayId = display.getPhysicalId();
+
+    // The display is powered off, and this is a multi-display device. If the display is the
+    // inactive internal display of a dual-display foldable, then the policy will be applied
+    // when it becomes active upon powering on.
+    //
+    // TODO(b/255635711): Remove this function (i.e. returning `false` as a special case) once
+    // concurrent mode setting across multiple (potentially powered off) displays is supported.
+    //
+    return displayId == mActiveDisplayId ||
+            !mPhysicalDisplays.get(displayId)
+                     .transform(&PhysicalDisplay::isInternal)
+                     .value_or(false);
+}
+
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId, const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector& selector, bool force) {
     const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::Policy currentPolicy = selector.getCurrentPolicy();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index ef6b815..42825f7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -705,6 +705,9 @@
             const sp<DisplayDevice>&, const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector::PolicyVariant&)
             EXCLUDES(mStateLock) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
+    bool shouldApplyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(const DisplayDevice&) const
+            REQUIRES(mStateLock, kMainThreadContext);
+
     // TODO(b/241285191): Look up RefreshRateSelector on Scheduler to remove redundant parameter.
     status_t applyRefreshRateSelectorPolicy(PhysicalDisplayId,
                                             const scheduler::RefreshRateSelector&,
@@ -1233,6 +1236,8 @@
         hal::Connection connection = hal::Connection::INVALID;
     };
 
+    bool mIsHotplugErrViaNegVsync = false;
+
     std::mutex mHotplugMutex;
     std::vector<HotplugEvent> mPendingHotplugEvents GUARDED_BY(mHotplugMutex);
 
@@ -1457,7 +1462,6 @@
     bool mConnectedDisplayFlagValue;
     bool mMisc2FlagEarlyBootValue;
     bool mMisc2FlagLateBootValue;
-    bool mVrrConfigFlagValue;
 };
 
 class SurfaceComposerAIDL : public gui::BnSurfaceComposer {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TEST_MAPPING b/services/surfaceflinger/TEST_MAPPING
index 5512734..6f53d62 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
   "imports": [
     {
       "path": "frameworks/native/libs/gui"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "frameworks/native/services/inputflinger"
     }
   ],
   "presubmit": [
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp
index 474fef8..25e768e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerDataSource.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
         mMode = static_cast<LayerTracing::Mode>(config.mode());
     } else {
         mMode = LayerTracing::Mode::MODE_GENERATED;
-        ALOGV("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'GENERATED' as default");
+        ALOGD("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'GENERATED' as default");
     }
 
     mFlags = 0;
@@ -62,21 +62,21 @@
 }
 
 void LayerDataSource::OnStart(const LayerDataSource::StartArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStart event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
+    ALOGD("Received OnStart event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
     if (auto* p = mLayerTracing.load()) {
         p->onStart(mMode, mFlags);
     }
 }
 
 void LayerDataSource::OnFlush(const LayerDataSource::FlushArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnFlush event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
+    ALOGD("Received OnFlush event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
     if (auto* p = mLayerTracing.load()) {
         p->onFlush(mMode, mFlags);
     }
 }
 
 void LayerDataSource::OnStop(const LayerDataSource::StopArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStop event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
+    ALOGD("Received OnStop event (mode = 0x%02x, flags = 0x%02x)", mMode, mFlags);
     if (auto* p = mLayerTracing.load()) {
         p->onStop(mMode);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
index e55b4c2..403e105 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@
     LayerDataSource::Initialize(*this);
 }
 
+LayerTracing::LayerTracing(std::ostream& outStream) : LayerTracing() {
+    mOutStream = std::ref(outStream);
+}
+
 LayerTracing::~LayerTracing() {
     LayerDataSource::UnregisterLayerTracing();
 }
@@ -49,10 +53,6 @@
     mTransactionTracing = &transactionTracing;
 }
 
-void LayerTracing::setOutputStream(std::ostream& outStream) {
-    mOutStream = std::ref(outStream);
-}
-
 void LayerTracing::onStart(Mode mode, uint32_t flags) {
     switch (mode) {
         case Mode::MODE_ACTIVE: {
@@ -63,18 +63,17 @@
             // taken. Let's manually take a snapshot, so that the trace's first entry will contain
             // the current layers state.
             addProtoSnapshotToOstream(mTakeLayersSnapshotProto(flags), Mode::MODE_ACTIVE);
-            ALOGV("Started active tracing (traced initial snapshot)");
+            ALOGD("Started active tracing (traced initial snapshot)");
             break;
         }
         case Mode::MODE_GENERATED: {
-            ALOGV("Started generated tracing (waiting for OnFlush event to generated layers)");
+            ALOGD("Started generated tracing (waiting for OnFlush event to generated layers)");
             break;
         }
         case Mode::MODE_DUMP: {
-            ALOGV("Starting dump tracing (dumping single snapshot)");
             auto snapshot = mTakeLayersSnapshotProto(flags);
             addProtoSnapshotToOstream(std::move(snapshot), Mode::MODE_DUMP);
-            ALOGV("Started dump tracing (dumped single snapshot)");
+            ALOGD("Started dump tracing (dumped single snapshot)");
             break;
         }
         default: {
@@ -91,19 +90,19 @@
     }
 
     if (!mTransactionTracing) {
-        ALOGV("Skipping layers trace generation (transactions tracing disabled)");
+        ALOGD("Skipping layers trace generation (transactions tracing disabled)");
         return;
     }
 
     auto transactionTrace = mTransactionTracing->writeToProto();
-    LayerTraceGenerator{}.generate(transactionTrace, flags);
-    ALOGV("Flushed generated tracing");
+    LayerTraceGenerator{}.generate(transactionTrace, flags, *this);
+    ALOGD("Flushed generated tracing");
 }
 
 void LayerTracing::onStop(Mode mode) {
     if (mode == Mode::MODE_ACTIVE) {
         mIsActiveTracingStarted.store(false);
-        ALOGV("Stopped active tracing");
+        ALOGD("Stopped active tracing");
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
index 349cc40..fe7f06d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@
     };
 
     LayerTracing();
+    LayerTracing(std::ostream&);
     ~LayerTracing();
     void setTakeLayersSnapshotProtoFunction(
             const std::function<perfetto::protos::LayersSnapshotProto(uint32_t)>&);
     void setTransactionTracing(TransactionTracing&);
-    void setOutputStream(std::ostream&);
 
     // Start event from perfetto data source
     void onStart(Mode mode, uint32_t flags);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp
index 05b89b8..6c9ed30 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionDataSource.cpp
@@ -49,26 +49,26 @@
         mMode = static_cast<TransactionTracing::Mode>(config.mode());
     } else {
         mMode = TransactionTracing::Mode::MODE_CONTINUOUS;
-        ALOGV("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'CONTINUOUS' as default");
+        ALOGD("Received config with unspecified 'mode'. Using 'CONTINUOUS' as default");
     }
 }
 
 void TransactionDataSource::OnStart(const StartArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStart event");
+    ALOGD("Received OnStart event");
     if (auto* p = mTransactionTracing.load()) {
         p->onStart(mMode);
     }
 }
 
 void TransactionDataSource::OnFlush(const FlushArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnFlush event");
+    ALOGD("Received OnFlush event");
     if (auto* p = mTransactionTracing.load()) {
         p->onFlush(mMode);
     }
 }
 
 void TransactionDataSource::OnStop(const StopArgs&) {
-    ALOGV("Received OnStop event");
+    ALOGD("Received OnStop event");
 }
 
 TransactionTracing::Mode TransactionDataSource::GetMode() const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
index 0517984..9d6d87e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 
     writeRingBufferToPerfetto(TransactionTracing::Mode::MODE_ACTIVE);
 
-    ALOGV("Started active mode tracing (wrote initial transactions ring buffer to perfetto)");
+    ALOGD("Started active mode tracing (wrote initial transactions ring buffer to perfetto)");
 }
 
 void TransactionTracing::onFlush(TransactionTracing::Mode mode) {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 
     writeRingBufferToPerfetto(TransactionTracing::Mode::MODE_CONTINUOUS);
 
-    ALOGV("Flushed continuous mode tracing (wrote transactions ring buffer to perfetto");
+    ALOGD("Flushed continuous mode tracing (wrote transactions ring buffer to perfetto");
 }
 
 void TransactionTracing::writeRingBufferToPerfetto(TransactionTracing::Mode mode) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
index 62c362e..23fe8fa 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.cpp
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@
 using namespace ftl::flag_operators;
 
 bool LayerTraceGenerator::generate(const perfetto::protos::TransactionTraceFile& traceFile,
-                                   std::uint32_t traceFlags,
-                                   std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<std::ostream>> outStream,
+                                   std::uint32_t traceFlags, LayerTracing& layerTracing,
                                    bool onlyLastEntry) {
     if (traceFile.entry_size() == 0) {
         ALOGD("Trace file is empty");
@@ -51,11 +50,6 @@
 
     TransactionProtoParser parser(std::make_unique<TransactionProtoParser::FlingerDataMapper>());
 
-    LayerTracing layerTracing;
-    if (outStream) {
-        layerTracing.setOutputStream(outStream->get());
-    }
-
     // frontend
     frontend::LayerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;
     frontend::LayerHierarchyBuilder hierarchyBuilder{{}};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h
index 2bb6f51..e4d02ca 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 class LayerTraceGenerator {
 public:
     bool generate(const perfetto::protos::TransactionTraceFile&, std::uint32_t traceFlags,
-                  std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<std::ostream>> outStream = std::nullopt,
-                  bool onlyLastEntry = false);
+                  LayerTracing& layerTracing, bool onlyLastEntry = false);
 };
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp
index a8ac36a..698ef06 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/tools/main.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@
 
     const auto* outputLayersTracePath =
             (argc == 3) ? argv[2] : "/data/misc/wmtrace/layers_trace.winscope";
-    auto outStream = std::ofstream{outputLayersTracePath, std::ios::binary | std::ios::app};
+    auto outStream = std::ofstream{outputLayersTracePath, std::ios::binary | std::ios::out};
+
+    auto layerTracing = LayerTracing{outStream};
 
     const bool generateLastEntryOnly =
             argc >= 4 && std::string_view(argv[3]) == "--last-entry-only";
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@
     ALOGD("Generating %s...", outputLayersTracePath);
     std::cout << "Generating " << outputLayersTracePath << "\n";
 
-    if (!LayerTraceGenerator().generate(transactionTraceFile, traceFlags, outStream,
+    if (!LayerTraceGenerator().generate(transactionTraceFile, traceFlags, layerTracing,
                                         generateLastEntryOnly)) {
         std::cout << "Error: Failed to generate layers trace " << outputLayersTracePath;
         return -1;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FlagUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FlagUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8435f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Utils/FlagUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <com_android_graphics_surfaceflinger_flags.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android::flagutils {
+
+using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+using namespace com::android::graphics::surfaceflinger;
+
+inline bool vrrConfigEnabled() {
+    static const bool enable_vrr_config =
+            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.enable_vrr_config"s, false);
+    return flags::vrr_config() || enable_vrr_config;
+}
+} // namespace android::flagutils
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
index 7062a4e..effbfdb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
@@ -56,31 +56,35 @@
         ATRACE_NAME("WindowInfosListenerInvoker::removeWindowInfosListener");
         sp<IBinder> asBinder = IInterface::asBinder(listener);
         asBinder->unlinkToDeath(sp<DeathRecipient>::fromExisting(this));
-        mWindowInfosListeners.erase(asBinder);
+        eraseListenerAndAckMessages(asBinder);
     }});
 }
 
 void WindowInfosListenerInvoker::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) {
     BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().sendCallbacks({[this, who]() {
         ATRACE_NAME("WindowInfosListenerInvoker::binderDied");
-        auto it = mWindowInfosListeners.find(who);
-        int64_t listenerId = it->second.first;
-        mWindowInfosListeners.erase(who);
-
-        std::vector<int64_t> vsyncIds;
-        for (auto& [vsyncId, state] : mUnackedState) {
-            if (std::find(state.unackedListenerIds.begin(), state.unackedListenerIds.end(),
-                          listenerId) != state.unackedListenerIds.end()) {
-                vsyncIds.push_back(vsyncId);
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (int64_t vsyncId : vsyncIds) {
-            ackWindowInfosReceived(vsyncId, listenerId);
-        }
+        eraseListenerAndAckMessages(who);
     }});
 }
 
+void WindowInfosListenerInvoker::eraseListenerAndAckMessages(const wp<IBinder>& binder) {
+    auto it = mWindowInfosListeners.find(binder);
+    int64_t listenerId = it->second.first;
+    mWindowInfosListeners.erase(binder);
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> vsyncIds;
+    for (auto& [vsyncId, state] : mUnackedState) {
+        if (std::find(state.unackedListenerIds.begin(), state.unackedListenerIds.end(),
+                      listenerId) != state.unackedListenerIds.end()) {
+            vsyncIds.push_back(vsyncId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t vsyncId : vsyncIds) {
+        ackWindowInfosReceived(vsyncId, listenerId);
+    }
+}
+
 void WindowInfosListenerInvoker::windowInfosChanged(
         gui::WindowInfosUpdate update, WindowInfosReportedListenerSet reportedListeners,
         bool forceImmediateCall) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
index f36b0ed..261fd0f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 
     std::optional<gui::WindowInfosUpdate> mDelayedUpdate;
     WindowInfosReportedListenerSet mReportedListeners;
+    void eraseListenerAndAckMessages(const wp<IBinder>&);
 
     struct UnackedState {
         ftl::SmallVector<int64_t, kStaticCapacity> unackedListenerIds;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
index cbbfa16..2f5a360 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -97,21 +97,26 @@
     return displayId;
 }
 
+struct EventThreadCallback : public IEventThreadCallback {
+    bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) override { return false; }
+    Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) override { return kSyncPeriod; }
+    void resync() override {}
+};
+
 void SchedulerFuzzer::fuzzEventThread() {
     mVsyncSchedule = std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>(
             new scheduler::VsyncSchedule(getPhysicalDisplayId(),
                                          std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
                                          std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>(), nullptr));
-    const auto getVsyncPeriod = [](uid_t /* uid */) { return kSyncPeriod.count(); };
+    EventThreadCallback callback;
     std::unique_ptr<android::impl::EventThread> thread = std::make_unique<
-            android::impl::EventThread>("fuzzer", mVsyncSchedule, nullptr, nullptr, getVsyncPeriod,
+            android::impl::EventThread>("fuzzer", mVsyncSchedule, nullptr, callback,
                                         (std::chrono::nanoseconds)mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>(),
                                         (std::chrono::nanoseconds)mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>());
 
     thread->onHotplugReceived(getPhysicalDisplayId(), mFdp.ConsumeBool());
     sp<EventThreadConnection> connection =
-            sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(thread.get(), mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>(),
-                                            nullptr);
+            sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(thread.get(), mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>());
     thread->requestNextVsync(connection);
     thread->setVsyncRate(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /*rate*/, connection);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
index bfc03aa..d4ab786 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger_flags.aconfig
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 flag {
   name: "connected_display"
   namespace: "core_graphics"
-  description: "Controls SurfaceFlinger support for Connected Displays"
-  bug: "278199093"
+  description: "Controls SurfaceFlinger support for Connected Displays in 24Q1"
+  bug: "299486625"
   is_fixed_read_only: true
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
index b6cd7b8..aeceadb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@
         "skia_renderengine_deps",
     ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
-    sanitize: {
-        address: true,
-    },
     srcs: [
         ":libsurfaceflinger_sources",
         ":libsurfaceflinger_mock_sources",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp
index 7a07634..2fcb9e0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/TransactionTraceTestSuite.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include <LayerProtoHelper.h>
+#include <Tracing/LayerTracing.h>
 #include <Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h>
 #include <Tracing/tools/LayerTraceGenerator.h>
 #include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@
         {
             auto traceFlags = LayerTracing::TRACE_INPUT | LayerTracing::TRACE_BUFFERS;
             std::ofstream outStream{actualLayersTracePath, std::ios::binary | std::ios::app};
-            EXPECT_TRUE(LayerTraceGenerator().generate(mTransactionTrace, traceFlags, outStream,
+            auto layerTracing = LayerTracing{outStream};
+            EXPECT_TRUE(LayerTraceGenerator().generate(mTransactionTrace, traceFlags, layerTracing,
                                                        /*onlyLastEntry=*/true))
                     << "Failed to generate layers trace from " << transactionTracePath;
         }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 8deff85..f4516c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
         "FramebufferSurfaceTest.cpp",
         "FrameRateOverrideMappingsTest.cpp",
         "FrameRateSelectionPriorityTest.cpp",
+        "FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp",
         "FrameTimelineTest.cpp",
         "GameModeTest.cpp",
         "HWComposerTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index e32cf88..fa31643 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -67,15 +67,13 @@
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
-            .WillOnce(Return(sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(mEventThread,
-                                                             mock::EventThread::kCallingUid,
-                                                             ResyncCallback())));
+            .WillOnce(Return(
+                    sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(mEventThread, mock::EventThread::kCallingUid)));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mSFEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mSFEventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(mSFEventThread,
-                                                             mock::EventThread::kCallingUid,
-                                                             ResyncCallback())));
+                                                             mock::EventThread::kCallingUid)));
 
     mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
                             std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>(),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index 9b46009..8891c06 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
 } // namespace
 
-class EventThreadTest : public testing::Test {
+class EventThreadTest : public testing::Test, public IEventThreadCallback {
 protected:
     static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kWorkDuration = 0ms;
     static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kReadyDuration = 3ms;
@@ -65,10 +65,8 @@
     class MockEventThreadConnection : public EventThreadConnection {
     public:
         MockEventThreadConnection(impl::EventThread* eventThread, uid_t callingUid,
-                                  ResyncCallback&& resyncCallback,
                                   EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration)
-              : EventThreadConnection(eventThread, callingUid, std::move(resyncCallback),
-                                      eventRegistration) {}
+              : EventThreadConnection(eventThread, callingUid, eventRegistration) {}
         MOCK_METHOD1(postEvent, status_t(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event));
     };
 
@@ -78,7 +76,14 @@
     EventThreadTest();
     ~EventThreadTest() override;
 
-    void setupEventThread(std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod);
+    void SetUp() override { mVsyncPeriod = VSYNC_PERIOD; }
+
+    // IEventThreadCallback overrides
+    bool throttleVsync(TimePoint, uid_t) override;
+    Period getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) override;
+    void resync() override;
+
+    void setupEventThread();
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> createConnection(ConnectionEventRecorder& recorder,
                                                    EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {},
                                                    uid_t ownerUid = mConnectionUid);
@@ -92,8 +97,7 @@
     void expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
     void expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(
             nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, gui::VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline preferredVsyncData);
-    void expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(VsyncEventData vsyncEventData,
-                                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod);
+    void expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(VsyncEventData vsyncEventData);
     void expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                 bool expectedConnected);
     void expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
@@ -133,6 +137,8 @@
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mThrottledConnection;
     std::unique_ptr<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager> mTokenManager;
 
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds mVsyncPeriod;
+
     static constexpr uid_t mConnectionUid = 443;
     static constexpr uid_t mThrottledConnectionUid = 177;
 };
@@ -168,17 +174,24 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 }
 
-void EventThreadTest::setupEventThread(std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
-    const auto throttleVsync = [&](nsecs_t expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid_t uid) {
-        mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.getInvocable()(expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid);
-        return (uid == mThrottledConnectionUid);
-    };
-    const auto getVsyncPeriod = [vsyncPeriod](uid_t uid) { return vsyncPeriod.count(); };
+bool EventThreadTest::throttleVsync(android::TimePoint expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid_t uid) {
+    mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.recordCall(expectedVsyncTimestamp.ns(), uid);
+    return (uid == mThrottledConnectionUid);
+}
 
+Period EventThreadTest::getVsyncPeriod(uid_t) {
+    return mVsyncPeriod;
+}
+
+void EventThreadTest::resync() {
+    mResyncCallRecorder.recordCall();
+}
+
+void EventThreadTest::setupEventThread() {
     mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
     mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>("EventThreadTest", mVsyncSchedule,
-                                                  mTokenManager.get(), throttleVsync,
-                                                  getVsyncPeriod, kWorkDuration, kReadyDuration);
+                                                  mTokenManager.get(), *this, kWorkDuration,
+                                                  kReadyDuration);
 
     // EventThread should register itself as VSyncSource callback.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
@@ -200,9 +213,7 @@
         ConnectionEventRecorder& recorder, EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration,
         uid_t ownerUid) {
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> connection =
-            sp<MockEventThreadConnection>::make(mThread.get(), ownerUid,
-                                                mResyncCallRecorder.getInvocable(),
-                                                eventRegistration);
+            sp<MockEventThreadConnection>::make(mThread.get(), ownerUid, eventRegistration);
     EXPECT_CALL(*connection, postEvent(_)).WillRepeatedly(Invoke(recorder.getInvocable()));
     return connection;
 }
@@ -292,10 +303,9 @@
     }
 }
 
-void EventThreadTest::expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(
-        VsyncEventData vsyncEventData, std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
+void EventThreadTest::expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(VsyncEventData vsyncEventData) {
     float nonPreferredTimelinesAmount =
-            scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold / vsyncPeriod;
+            scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold / mVsyncPeriod;
     EXPECT_LE(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength, nonPreferredTimelinesAmount + 1)
             << "Amount of non-preferred frame timelines too many;"
             << " expected presentation time will be over threshold";
@@ -357,7 +367,7 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, canCreateAndDestroyThreadWithNoEventsSent) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
@@ -368,7 +378,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, vsyncRequestIsIgnoredIfDisplayIsDisconnected) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
@@ -381,7 +391,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncPostsASingleVSyncEventToTheConnection) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
@@ -414,7 +424,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
@@ -428,12 +438,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesValidLength) {
+    setupEventThread();
     // The VsyncEventData should not have kFrameTimelinesCapacity amount of valid frame timelines,
     // due to longer vsync period and kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold. Use length-2 to avoid decimal
     // truncation (e.g. 60Hz has 16.6... ms vsync period).
-    std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod(scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold /
-                                         (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 2));
-    setupEventThread(vsyncPeriod);
+    mVsyncPeriod = (scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold /
+                    (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 2));
 
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
@@ -449,11 +459,11 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value()) << " did not receive an event for timestamp "
                                   << expectedTimestamp;
     const VsyncEventData vsyncEventData = std::get<0>(args.value()).vsync.vsyncData;
-    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData, vsyncPeriod);
+    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, getLatestVsyncEventData) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
     const nsecs_t preferredExpectedPresentationTime = now + 20000000;
@@ -469,7 +479,7 @@
     // Check EventThread immediately requested a resync.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mResyncCallRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 
-    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData, VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData);
     EXPECT_GT(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[0].deadlineTimestamp, now)
             << "Deadline timestamp should be greater than frame time";
     for (size_t i = 0; i < vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
@@ -508,7 +518,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateZeroPostsNoVSyncEventsToThatConnection) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     // Create a first connection, register it, and request a vsync rate of zero.
     ConnectionEventRecorder firstConnectionEventRecorder{0};
@@ -537,7 +547,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateOnePostsAllEventsToThatConnection) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
@@ -562,7 +572,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateTwoPostsEveryOtherEventToThatConnection) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->setVsyncRate(2, mConnection);
 
@@ -590,7 +600,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, connectionsRemovedIfInstanceDestroyed) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
@@ -609,7 +619,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, connectionsRemovedIfEventDeliveryError) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{NO_MEMORY};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -635,7 +645,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, eventsDroppedIfNonfatalEventDeliveryError) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{WOULD_BLOCK};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -661,42 +671,42 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setPhaseOffsetForwardsToVSyncSource) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->setDuration(321ns, 456ns);
     expectVSyncSetDurationCallReceived(321ns, 456ns);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugInternalDisconnect) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugInternalConnect) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugExternalDisconnect) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugExternalConnect) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedPrimary) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID)
@@ -710,7 +720,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedExternal) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID)
@@ -724,7 +734,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedPrimary64bit) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(DISPLAY_ID_64BIT)
@@ -737,7 +747,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, suppressConfigChanged) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     ConnectionEventRecorder suppressConnectionEventRecorder{0};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> suppressConnection =
@@ -758,7 +768,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postUidFrameRateMapping) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     const std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides = {
             {.uid = 1, .frameRateHz = 20},
@@ -771,7 +781,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, suppressUidFrameRateMapping) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     const std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides = {
             {.uid = 1, .frameRateHz = 20},
@@ -791,7 +801,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncWithThrottleVsyncDoesntPostVSync) {
-    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+    setupEventThread();
 
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the throttled connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mThrottledConnection);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20ea0c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
+
+#include "Layer.h"
+#include "LayerTestUtils.h"
+#include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+using testing::DoAll;
+using testing::Mock;
+using testing::SetArgPointee;
+
+using android::Hwc2::IComposer;
+using android::Hwc2::IComposerClient;
+
+using scheduler::LayerHistory;
+
+using FrameRate = Layer::FrameRate;
+using FrameRateCompatibility = Layer::FrameRateCompatibility;
+using FrameRateSelectionStrategy = scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests the behaviour of Layer::setFrameRateSelectionStrategy.
+ */
+class FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest : public BaseLayerTest {
+protected:
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE1 = FrameRate(11_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE2 = FrameRate(22_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE3 = FrameRate(33_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_TREE = FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+
+    FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest();
+
+    void addChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child);
+    void removeChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child);
+    void commitTransaction();
+
+    std::vector<sp<Layer>> mLayers;
+};
+
+FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest() {
+    const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+            ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+    ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+
+    mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
+}
+
+void FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::addChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child) {
+    layer->addChild(child);
+}
+
+void FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::removeChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child) {
+    layer->removeChild(child);
+}
+
+void FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest::commitTransaction() {
+    for (auto layer : mLayers) {
+        layer->commitTransaction();
+    }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerLayerType, FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest,
+                         testing::Values(std::make_shared<BufferStateLayerFactory>(),
+                                         std::make_shared<EffectLayerFactory>()),
+                         PrintToStringParamName);
+
+TEST_P(FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest, SetAndGet) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
+
+    const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
+    auto layer = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    layer->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    layer->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    commitTransaction();
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+}
+
+TEST_P(FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest, SetChildAndGetParent) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
+
+    const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
+    auto parent = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto child1 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto child2 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    addChild(parent, child1);
+    addChild(child1, child2);
+
+    child2->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    child2->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    commitTransaction();
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_TREE, parent->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              parent->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_TREE, child1->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              child1->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, child2->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              child2->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+}
+
+TEST_P(FrameRateSelectionStrategyTest, SetParentAndGet) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
+
+    const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
+    auto layer1 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto layer2 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    auto layer3 = mLayers.emplace_back(layerFactory->createLayer(mFlinger));
+    addChild(layer1, layer2);
+    addChild(layer2, layer3);
+
+    layer1->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    layer1->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.vote);
+    layer1->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    layer2->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE2.vote);
+    layer2->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    layer3->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE3.vote);
+    commitTransaction();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer1->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer1->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer2->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer2->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer3->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              layer3->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+
+    layer1->setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self);
+    commitTransaction();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1, layer1->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              layer1->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE2, layer2->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren,
+              layer2->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE2, layer3->getFrameRateForLayerTree());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FrameRateSelectionStrategy::Self,
+              layer3->getDrawingState().frameRateSelectionStrategy);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
index acfde71..d7ac038 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHierarchyTest.h
@@ -346,6 +346,18 @@
         mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
     }
 
+    void setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(uint32_t id, int8_t strategy) {
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back();
+        transactions.back().states.push_back({});
+
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.what =
+                layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionStrategyChanged;
+        transactions.back().states.front().layerId = id;
+        transactions.back().states.front().state.frameRateSelectionStrategy = strategy;
+        mLifecycleManager.applyTransactions(transactions);
+    }
+
     void setRoundedCorners(uint32_t id, float radius) {
         std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
         transactions.emplace_back();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
index c432ad0..7e3e61f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -1124,8 +1124,8 @@
 
     LayerHistory::Summary summary;
 
-    // layer1 is active but infrequent.
-    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
+    // layer1 is updating small dirty.
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE + FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE + 1; i++) {
         auto props = layer1->getLayerProps();
         props.isSmallDirty = true;
         history().record(layer1->getSequence(), props, 0 /*presentTime*/, time,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
index 767dd4f..1a9233d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerSnapshotTest.cpp
@@ -743,6 +743,50 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, frameRateSelectionStrategy) {
+    // ROOT
+    // ├── 1
+    // │   ├── 11
+    // │   │   └── 111
+    // │   ├── 12 (frame rate set to 244.f with strategy OverrideChildren)
+    // │   │   ├── 121
+    // │   │   └── 122 (frame rate set to 123.f but should be overridden by layer 12)
+    // │   │       └── 1221
+    // │   └── 13
+    // └── 2
+    setFrameRate(12, 244.f, 0, 0);
+    setFrameRate(122, 123.f, 0, 0);
+    setFrameRateSelectionStrategy(12, 1 /* OverrideChildren */);
+
+    UPDATE_AND_VERIFY(mSnapshotBuilder, STARTING_ZORDER);
+    // verify parent 1 gets no vote
+    EXPECT_FALSE(getSnapshot({.id = 1})->frameRate.vote.rate.isValid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 1})->frameRate.vote.type,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 1})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    // verify layer 12 and all descendants (121, 122, 1221) get the requested vote
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 12})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 12})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 12})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 121})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 121})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 121})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 122})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 122})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 122})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->frameRate.vote.rate.getValue(), 244.f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->frameRateSelectionStrategy,
+              scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateSelectionStrategy::OverrideChildren);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSnapshot({.id = 1221})->changes.test(RequestedLayerState::Changes::FrameRate));
+}
+
 TEST_F(LayerSnapshotTest, skipRoundCornersWhenProtected) {
     setRoundedCorners(1, 42.f);
     setRoundedCorners(2, 42.f);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 3200003..173f941 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@
     class MockEventThreadConnection : public android::EventThreadConnection {
     public:
         explicit MockEventThreadConnection(EventThread* eventThread)
-              : EventThreadConnection(eventThread, /*callingUid*/ static_cast<uid_t>(0),
-                                      ResyncCallback()) {}
+              : EventThreadConnection(eventThread, /*callingUid*/ static_cast<uid_t>(0)) {}
         ~MockEventThreadConnection() = default;
 
         MOCK_METHOD1(stealReceiveChannel, binder::Status(gui::BitTube* outChannel));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
index 24eb318..aeac80d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
@@ -124,14 +124,12 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*eventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
     EXPECT_CALL(*eventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(eventThread.get(),
-                                                             mock::EventThread::kCallingUid,
-                                                             ResyncCallback())));
+                                                             mock::EventThread::kCallingUid)));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*sfEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
     EXPECT_CALL(*sfEventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(sfEventThread.get(),
-                                                             mock::EventThread::kCallingUid,
-                                                             ResyncCallback())));
+                                                             mock::EventThread::kCallingUid)));
 
     auto vsyncController = std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>();
     auto vsyncTracker = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncTracker>();
@@ -476,6 +474,37 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, powerOffDuringModeSet) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->isPoweredOn());
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId60));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
+              mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
+                                                  mock::createDisplayModeSpecs(kModeId90.value(),
+                                                                               false, 0.f, 120.f)));
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
+
+    // Power off the display before the mode has been set.
+    mDisplay->setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::OFF);
+
+    const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = true};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(kInnerDisplayHwcId,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kModeId90.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    // Powering off should not abort the mode set.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isPoweredOn());
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(mDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, powerOffDuringConcurrentModeSet) {
     const auto [innerDisplay, outerDisplay] = injectOuterDisplay();
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(innerDisplay->isPoweredOn());
@@ -516,6 +545,7 @@
 
     mFlinger.commit();
 
+    // Powering off the inactive display should abort the mode set.
     EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId90));
     EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
 
@@ -523,6 +553,28 @@
 
     EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
     EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId120));
+
+    innerDisplay->setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::OFF);
+    outerDisplay->setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::ON);
+
+    // Only the outer display is powered on.
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(innerDisplay.get(), *outerDisplay);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(kOuterDisplayHwcId,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kModeId60.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    // The mode set should resume once the display becomes active.
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSwitchingTo(&mFlinger, kModeId60));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(innerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId90));
+    EXPECT_THAT(outerDisplay, ModeSettledTo(kModeId60));
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 908c9ab..dd998ba 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -281,14 +281,12 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*eventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
         EXPECT_CALL(*eventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
                 .WillOnce(Return(sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(eventThread.get(),
-                                                                 mock::EventThread::kCallingUid,
-                                                                 ResyncCallback())));
+                                                                 mock::EventThread::kCallingUid)));
 
         EXPECT_CALL(*sfEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
         EXPECT_CALL(*sfEventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
                 .WillOnce(Return(sp<EventThreadConnection>::make(sfEventThread.get(),
-                                                                 mock::EventThread::kCallingUid,
-                                                                 ResyncCallback())));
+                                                                 mock::EventThread::kCallingUid)));
 
         auto vsyncController = makeMock<mock::VsyncController>(options.useNiceMock);
         auto vsyncTracker = makeSharedMock<mock::VSyncTracker>(options.useNiceMock);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/WindowInfosListenerInvokerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/WindowInfosListenerInvokerTest.cpp
index c7b845e..cfb047c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/WindowInfosListenerInvokerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/WindowInfosListenerInvokerTest.cpp
@@ -245,4 +245,42 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(callCount, 1);
 }
 
+// Test that WindowInfosListenerInvoker#removeWindowInfosListener acks any unacked messages for
+// the removed listener.
+TEST_F(WindowInfosListenerInvokerTest, removeListenerAcks) {
+    // Don't ack in this listener to ensure there's an unacked message when the listener is later
+    // removed.
+    gui::WindowInfosListenerInfo listenerToBeRemovedInfo;
+    auto listenerToBeRemoved = sp<Listener>::make([](const gui::WindowInfosUpdate&) {});
+    mInvoker->addWindowInfosListener(listenerToBeRemoved, &listenerToBeRemovedInfo);
+
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    int callCount = 0;
+    gui::WindowInfosListenerInfo listenerInfo;
+    mInvoker->addWindowInfosListener(sp<Listener>::make([&](const gui::WindowInfosUpdate& update) {
+                                         std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+                                         callCount++;
+                                         cv.notify_one();
+                                         listenerInfo.windowInfosPublisher
+                                                 ->ackWindowInfosReceived(update.vsyncId,
+                                                                          listenerInfo.listenerId);
+                                     }),
+                                     &listenerInfo);
+
+    BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().sendCallbacks(
+            {[&]() { mInvoker->windowInfosChanged({}, {}, false); }});
+    mInvoker->removeWindowInfosListener(listenerToBeRemoved);
+    BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().sendCallbacks(
+            {[&]() { mInvoker->windowInfosChanged({}, {}, false); }});
+
+    // Verify that the second listener is called twice. If unacked messages aren't removed when the
+    // first listener is removed, this will fail.
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
+        cv.wait(lock, [&]() { return callCount == 2; });
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(callCount, 2);
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
index 9a1a16d..866af3b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockEventThread.h
@@ -29,10 +29,19 @@
     EventThread();
     ~EventThread() override;
 
-    MOCK_METHOD(sp<EventThreadConnection>, createEventConnection,
-                (ResyncCallback, EventRegistrationFlags), (const, override));
+    // TODO(b/302035909): workaround otherwise gtest complains about
+    //  error: no viable conversion from
+    //  'tuple<android::ftl::Flags<android::gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration> &&>' to 'const
+    //  tuple<android::ftl::Flags<android::gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration>>'
+    sp<EventThreadConnection> createEventConnection(EventRegistrationFlags flags) const override {
+        return createEventConnection(false, flags);
+    }
+    MOCK_METHOD(sp<EventThreadConnection>, createEventConnection, (bool, EventRegistrationFlags),
+                (const));
+
     MOCK_METHOD(void, enableSyntheticVsync, (bool), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onHotplugReceived, (PhysicalDisplayId, bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onHotplugConnectionError, (int32_t), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onModeChanged, (const scheduler::FrameRateMode&), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onFrameRateOverridesChanged,
                 (PhysicalDisplayId, std::vector<FrameRateOverride>), (override));
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index c5870d4..dcef54d 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -944,6 +944,11 @@
             return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
         }
 
+        // Additional buffer count over min_undequeued_buffers in vulkan came from 2 total
+        // being technically enough for fifo (although a poor experience) vs 3 being the
+        // absolute minimum for mailbox to be useful. So min_undequeued_buffers + 2 is sensible
+        static constexpr int default_additional_buffers = 2;
+
         if(pPresentMode != nullptr) {
             switch (pPresentMode->presentMode) {
                 case VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR:
@@ -951,8 +956,8 @@
                     break;
                 case VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR:
                 case VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR:
-                    capabilities->minImageCount =
-                        std::min(max_buffer_count, min_undequeued_buffers + 2);
+                    capabilities->minImageCount = std::min(max_buffer_count,
+                            min_undequeued_buffers + default_additional_buffers);
                     capabilities->maxImageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(max_buffer_count);
                     break;
                 case VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR:
@@ -971,7 +976,8 @@
                     break;
             }
         } else {
-            capabilities->minImageCount = std::min(max_buffer_count, min_undequeued_buffers + 2);
+            capabilities->minImageCount = std::min(max_buffer_count,
+                    min_undequeued_buffers + default_additional_buffers);
             capabilities->maxImageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(max_buffer_count);
         }
     }