diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
index 994375b..db3a314 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.rc
@@ -220,6 +220,67 @@
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
     chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
 
+on post-fs-data
+# Create MM Events Tracing Instance for Kmem Activity Trigger
+    mkdir /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events 0755 system system
+    mkdir /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events 0755 system system
+
+# Read and set per CPU buffer size
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/buffer_size_kb
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/buffer_size_kb
+
+# Read and enable tracing
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/tracing_on
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/tracing_on
+
+# Read and truncate kernel trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/trace
+
+# Enable trace events
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/events/vmscan/mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_begin/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/events/vmscan/mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_begin/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/events/vmscan/mm_vmscan_kswapd_wake/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/events/vmscan/mm_vmscan_kswapd_wake/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/events/compaction/mm_compaction_begin/enable
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/events/compaction/mm_compaction_begin/enable
+
+# Read and clear per-CPU raw kernel trace
+# Cannot use wildcards in .rc files. Update this if there is a phone with
+# more CPUs.
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu0/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu0/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu1/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu1/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu2/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu2/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu3/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu3/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu4/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu4/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu5/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu5/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu6/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu6/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu7/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu7/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu8/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu8/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu9/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu9/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu10/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu10/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu11/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu11/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu12/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu12/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu13/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu13/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu14/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu14/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
+    chmod 0666 /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/mm_events/per_cpu/cpu15/trace
+
 on property:persist.debug.atrace.boottrace=1
     start boottrace
 
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/binder/android/os/IDumpstateListener.aidl b/cmds/dumpstate/binder/android/os/IDumpstateListener.aidl
index 85e6969..50c1624 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/binder/android/os/IDumpstateListener.aidl
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/binder/android/os/IDumpstateListener.aidl
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
   *
   * <p>When bugreport creation is complete one of {@code onError} or {@code onFinished} is called.
   *
-  * <p>These methods are synchronous by design in order to make dumpstate's lifecycle simpler
-  * to handle.
   *
   * {@hide}
   */
@@ -54,10 +52,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Called on an error condition with one of the error codes listed above.
-     * This is not an asynchronous method since it can race with dumpstate exiting, thus triggering
-     * death recipient.
      */
-    void onError(int errorCode);
+    oneway void onError(int errorCode);
 
     /**
      * Called when taking bugreport finishes successfully.
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_smoke_test.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_smoke_test.cpp
index 0e366cb..c62d302 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_smoke_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_smoke_test.cpp
@@ -310,8 +310,12 @@
     // FS/proc/*/mountinfo size > 0
     FileExists("FS/proc/1/mountinfo", 0U, 100000U);
 
-    // FS/data/misc/profiles/cur/0/*/primary.prof size > 0
-    FileExists("FS/data/misc/profiles/cur/0/com.android.phone/primary.prof", 0U, 100000U);
+    // FS/data/misc/profiles/cur/0/*/primary.prof should exist. Also, since dumpstate only adds
+    // profiles to the zip in the non-user build, a build checking is necessary here.
+    if (!PropertiesHelper::IsUserBuild()) {
+        ZipEntry entry;
+        GetEntry(handle, "FS/data/misc/profiles/cur/0/com.android.phone/primary.prof", &entry);
+    }
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
index b21010d..0dbab4e 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.cpp
@@ -623,4 +623,21 @@
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
+Status ServiceManager::getServiceDebugInfo(std::vector<ServiceDebugInfo>* outReturn) {
+    if (!mAccess->canList(mAccess->getCallingContext())) {
+        return Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::EX_SECURITY);
+    }
+
+    outReturn->reserve(mNameToService.size());
+    for (auto const& [name, service] : mNameToService) {
+        ServiceDebugInfo info;
+        info.name = name;
+        info.debugPid = service.debugPid;
+
+        outReturn->push_back(std::move(info));
+    }
+
+    return Status::ok();
+}
+
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.h b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.h
index 9f43eb4..c089115 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.h
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/ServiceManager.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 using os::IClientCallback;
 using os::IServiceCallback;
+using os::ServiceDebugInfo;
 
 class ServiceManager : public os::BnServiceManager, public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
 public:
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
     binder::Status registerClientCallback(const std::string& name, const sp<IBinder>& service,
                                           const sp<IClientCallback>& cb) override;
     binder::Status tryUnregisterService(const std::string& name, const sp<IBinder>& binder) override;
+    binder::Status getServiceDebugInfo(std::vector<ServiceDebugInfo>* outReturn) override;
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
     void handleClientCallbacks();
 
diff --git a/cmds/servicemanager/main.cpp b/cmds/servicemanager/main.cpp
index b1bc6dc..627dfe6 100644
--- a/cmds/servicemanager/main.cpp
+++ b/cmds/servicemanager/main.cpp
@@ -45,10 +45,6 @@
         IPCThreadState::self()->setupPolling(&binder_fd);
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(binder_fd < 0, "Failed to setupPolling: %d", binder_fd);
 
-        // Flush after setupPolling(), to make sure the binder driver
-        // knows about this thread handling commands.
-        IPCThreadState::self()->flushCommands();
-
         int ret = looper->addFd(binder_fd,
                                 Looper::POLL_CALLBACK,
                                 Looper::EVENT_INPUT,
diff --git a/libs/binder/Android.bp b/libs/binder/Android.bp
index e754d74..ed079db 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/Android.bp
@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@
         "aidl/android/os/IClientCallback.aidl",
         "aidl/android/os/IServiceCallback.aidl",
         "aidl/android/os/IServiceManager.aidl",
+        "aidl/android/os/ServiceDebugInfo.aidl",
     ],
     path: "aidl",
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
index 7d01e0b..5c34069 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
@@ -486,15 +486,30 @@
     }
 }
 
+bool IPCThreadState::flushIfNeeded()
+{
+    if (mIsLooper || mServingStackPointer != nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // In case this thread is not a looper and is not currently serving a binder transaction,
+    // there's no guarantee that this thread will call back into the kernel driver any time
+    // soon. Therefore, flush pending commands such as BC_FREE_BUFFER, to prevent them from getting
+    // stuck in this thread's out buffer.
+    flushCommands();
+    return true;
+}
+
 void IPCThreadState::blockUntilThreadAvailable()
 {
     pthread_mutex_lock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
+    mProcess->mWaitingForThreads++;
     while (mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount >= mProcess->mMaxThreads) {
         ALOGW("Waiting for thread to be free. mExecutingThreadsCount=%lu mMaxThreads=%lu\n",
                 static_cast<unsigned long>(mProcess->mExecutingThreadsCount),
                 static_cast<unsigned long>(mProcess->mMaxThreads));
         pthread_cond_wait(&mProcess->mThreadCountDecrement, &mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
     }
+    mProcess->mWaitingForThreads--;
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
 }
 
@@ -534,7 +549,12 @@
             }
             mProcess->mStarvationStartTimeMs = 0;
         }
-        pthread_cond_broadcast(&mProcess->mThreadCountDecrement);
+
+        // Cond broadcast can be expensive, so don't send it every time a binder
+        // call is processed. b/168806193
+        if (mProcess->mWaitingForThreads > 0) {
+            pthread_cond_broadcast(&mProcess->mThreadCountDecrement);
+        }
         pthread_mutex_unlock(&mProcess->mThreadCountLock);
     }
 
@@ -597,6 +617,7 @@
 
     mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);
 
+    mIsLooper = true;
     status_t result;
     do {
         processPendingDerefs();
@@ -619,6 +640,7 @@
         (void*)pthread_self(), getpid(), result);
 
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
+    mIsLooper = false;
     talkWithDriver(false);
 }
 
@@ -629,6 +651,7 @@
     }
 
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_ENTER_LOOPER);
+    flushCommands();
     *fd = mProcess->mDriverFD;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -731,9 +754,11 @@
     LOG_REMOTEREFS("IPCThreadState::incStrongHandle(%d)\n", handle);
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_ACQUIRE);
     mOut.writeInt32(handle);
-    // Create a temp reference until the driver has handled this command.
-    proxy->incStrong(mProcess.get());
-    mPostWriteStrongDerefs.push(proxy);
+    if (!flushIfNeeded()) {
+        // Create a temp reference until the driver has handled this command.
+        proxy->incStrong(mProcess.get());
+        mPostWriteStrongDerefs.push(proxy);
+    }
 }
 
 void IPCThreadState::decStrongHandle(int32_t handle)
@@ -741,6 +766,7 @@
     LOG_REMOTEREFS("IPCThreadState::decStrongHandle(%d)\n", handle);
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_RELEASE);
     mOut.writeInt32(handle);
+    flushIfNeeded();
 }
 
 void IPCThreadState::incWeakHandle(int32_t handle, BpBinder *proxy)
@@ -748,9 +774,11 @@
     LOG_REMOTEREFS("IPCThreadState::incWeakHandle(%d)\n", handle);
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_INCREFS);
     mOut.writeInt32(handle);
-    // Create a temp reference until the driver has handled this command.
-    proxy->getWeakRefs()->incWeak(mProcess.get());
-    mPostWriteWeakDerefs.push(proxy->getWeakRefs());
+    if (!flushIfNeeded()) {
+        // Create a temp reference until the driver has handled this command.
+        proxy->getWeakRefs()->incWeak(mProcess.get());
+        mPostWriteWeakDerefs.push(proxy->getWeakRefs());
+    }
 }
 
 void IPCThreadState::decWeakHandle(int32_t handle)
@@ -758,6 +786,7 @@
     LOG_REMOTEREFS("IPCThreadState::decWeakHandle(%d)\n", handle);
     mOut.writeInt32(BC_DECREFS);
     mOut.writeInt32(handle);
+    flushIfNeeded();
 }
 
 status_t IPCThreadState::attemptIncStrongHandle(int32_t handle)
@@ -813,6 +842,7 @@
       mServingStackPointer(nullptr),
       mWorkSource(kUnsetWorkSource),
       mPropagateWorkSource(false),
+      mIsLooper(false),
       mStrictModePolicy(0),
       mLastTransactionBinderFlags(0),
       mCallRestriction(mProcess->mCallRestriction)
@@ -1393,6 +1423,7 @@
     IPCThreadState* state = self();
     state->mOut.writeInt32(BC_FREE_BUFFER);
     state->mOut.writePointer((uintptr_t)data);
+    state->flushIfNeeded();
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp b/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp
index ff1fbec..21a9251 100644
--- a/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@
      */
     void forcePersist(bool persist);
 
-    void setActiveServicesCountCallback(const std::function<bool(int)>&
-                                        activeServicesCountCallback);
+    void setActiveServicesCallback(const std::function<bool(bool)>& activeServicesCallback);
 
     bool tryUnregister();
 
@@ -86,13 +85,16 @@
     // count of services with clients
     size_t mNumConnectedServices;
 
+    // previous value passed to the active services callback
+    std::optional<bool> mPreviousHasClients;
+
     // map of registered names and services
     std::map<std::string, Service> mRegisteredServices;
 
     bool mForcePersist;
 
-    // Callback used to report the number of services with clients
-    std::function<bool(int)> mActiveServicesCountCallback;
+    // Callback used to report if there are services with clients
+    std::function<bool(bool)> mActiveServicesCallback;
 };
 
 bool ClientCounterCallback::registerService(const sp<IBinder>& service, const std::string& name,
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@
 
 void ClientCounterCallback::forcePersist(bool persist) {
     mForcePersist = persist;
-    if (!mForcePersist && mNumConnectedServices == 0) {
+    if (!mForcePersist) {
         // Attempt a shutdown in case the number of clients hit 0 while the flag was on
         maybeTryShutdown();
     }
@@ -185,8 +187,12 @@
     }
 
     bool handledInCallback = false;
-    if (mActiveServicesCountCallback != nullptr) {
-        handledInCallback = mActiveServicesCountCallback(mNumConnectedServices);
+    if (mActiveServicesCallback != nullptr) {
+        bool hasClients = mNumConnectedServices != 0;
+        if (hasClients != mPreviousHasClients) {
+            handledInCallback = mActiveServicesCallback(hasClients);
+            mPreviousHasClients = hasClients;
+        }
     }
 
     // If there is no callback defined or the callback did not handle this
@@ -238,9 +244,9 @@
     reRegister();
 }
 
-void ClientCounterCallback::setActiveServicesCountCallback(const std::function<bool(int)>&
-                                                           activeServicesCountCallback) {
-    mActiveServicesCountCallback = activeServicesCountCallback;
+void ClientCounterCallback::setActiveServicesCallback(const std::function<bool(bool)>&
+                                                      activeServicesCallback) {
+    mActiveServicesCallback = activeServicesCallback;
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -266,9 +272,9 @@
     mClientCC->forcePersist(persist);
 }
 
-void LazyServiceRegistrar::setActiveServicesCountCallback(const std::function<bool(int)>&
-                                                          activeServicesCountCallback) {
-    mClientCC->setActiveServicesCountCallback(activeServicesCountCallback);
+void LazyServiceRegistrar::setActiveServicesCallback(const std::function<bool(bool)>&
+                                                     activeServicesCallback) {
+    mClientCC->setActiveServicesCallback(activeServicesCallback);
 }
 
 bool LazyServiceRegistrar::tryUnregister() {
diff --git a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
index b5e4dfe..c38249e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
@@ -399,6 +399,7 @@
     , mThreadCountLock(PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER)
     , mThreadCountDecrement(PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER)
     , mExecutingThreadsCount(0)
+    , mWaitingForThreads(0)
     , mMaxThreads(DEFAULT_MAX_BINDER_THREADS)
     , mStarvationStartTimeMs(0)
     , mThreadPoolStarted(false)
diff --git a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
index 00a14f4..2e90142 100644
--- a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "binderRustNdkInteropTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "rustBinderSerializationTest"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/aidl/android/os/IServiceManager.aidl b/libs/binder/aidl/android/os/IServiceManager.aidl
index 2b1e492..ce30050 100644
--- a/libs/binder/aidl/android/os/IServiceManager.aidl
+++ b/libs/binder/aidl/android/os/IServiceManager.aidl
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.os.IClientCallback;
 import android.os.IServiceCallback;
+import android.os.ServiceDebugInfo;
 
 /**
  * Basic interface for finding and publishing system services.
@@ -116,4 +117,9 @@
      * Attempt to unregister and remove a service. Will fail if the service is still in use.
      */
     void tryUnregisterService(@utf8InCpp String name, IBinder service);
+
+    /**
+     * Get debug information for all currently registered services.
+     */
+    ServiceDebugInfo[] getServiceDebugInfo();
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/aidl/android/os/ServiceDebugInfo.aidl b/libs/binder/aidl/android/os/ServiceDebugInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b95d222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/aidl/android/os/ServiceDebugInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.os;
+
+/**
+ * Debug information associated with a registered service
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable ServiceDebugInfo {
+    /**
+     * Service name (see IServiceManager.addService/checkService/getService)
+     */
+    @utf8InCpp String name;
+    /**
+     * PID of service at the time of registration (may no longer be valid).
+     */
+    int debugPid;
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
index 4da8aa1..0183324 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
             status_t            setupPolling(int* fd);
             status_t            handlePolledCommands();
             void                flushCommands();
+            bool                flushIfNeeded();
 
             void                joinThreadPool(bool isMain = true);
             
@@ -204,6 +205,7 @@
             int32_t             mWorkSource;
             // Whether the work source should be propagated.
             bool                mPropagateWorkSource;
+            bool                mIsLooper;
             int32_t             mStrictModePolicy;
             int32_t             mLastTransactionBinderFlags;
             CallRestriction     mCallRestriction;
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.h
index 73893c7..9659732 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.h
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@
      void forcePersist(bool persist);
 
      /**
-      * Set a callback that is executed when the total number of services with
-      * clients changes.
-      * The callback takes an argument, which is the number of registered
-      * lazy services for this process which have clients.
+      * Set a callback that is invoked when the active service count (i.e. services with clients)
+      * registered with this process drops to zero (or becomes nonzero).
+      * The callback takes a boolean argument, which is 'true' if there is
+      * at least one service with clients.
       *
       * Callback return value:
       * - false: Default behavior for lazy services (shut down the process if there
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@
       *
       * This method should be called before 'registerService' to avoid races.
       */
-     void setActiveServicesCountCallback(const std::function<bool(int)>&
-                                         activeServicesCountCallback);
+     void setActiveServicesCallback(const std::function<bool(bool)>& activeServicesCallback);
 
     /**
       * Try to unregister all services previously registered with 'registerService'.
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
index bab6469..2405ab6 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/ProcessState.h
@@ -107,11 +107,14 @@
             int                 mDriverFD;
             void*               mVMStart;
 
-            // Protects thread count variable below.
+            // Protects thread count and wait variables below.
             pthread_mutex_t     mThreadCountLock;
+            // Broadcast whenever mWaitingForThreads > 0
             pthread_cond_t      mThreadCountDecrement;
             // Number of binder threads current executing a command.
             size_t              mExecutingThreadsCount;
+            // Number of threads calling IPCThreadState::blockUntilThreadAvailable()
+            size_t              mWaitingForThreads;
             // Maximum number for binder threads allowed for this process.
             size_t              mMaxThreads;
             // Time when thread pool was emptied
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp
index 454fbd0..3c90681 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/ibinder.cpp
@@ -597,13 +597,6 @@
         return STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
 
-    if (!binder->isRemote()) {
-        LOG(WARNING) << "A binder object at " << binder
-                     << " is being transacted on, however, this object is in the same process as "
-                        "its proxy. Transacting with this binder is expensive compared to just "
-                        "calling the corresponding functionality in the same process.";
-    }
-
     *in = new AParcel(binder);
     status_t status = (*in)->get()->writeInterfaceToken(clazz->getInterfaceDescriptor());
     binder_status_t ret = PruneStatusT(status);
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_auto_utils.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_auto_utils.h
index 6b52c0a..0ad400b 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_auto_utils.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_cpp/android/binder_auto_utils.h
@@ -265,7 +265,18 @@
             AStatus_deleteDescription(cStr);
             return ret;
         }
-        return "(not available)";
+        binder_exception_t exception = getExceptionCode();
+        std::string desc = std::to_string(exception);
+        if (exception == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC) {
+            desc += " (" + std::to_string(getServiceSpecificError()) + ")";
+        } else if (exception == EX_TRANSACTION_FAILED) {
+            desc += " (" + std::to_string(getStatus()) + ")";
+        }
+        if (const char* msg = getMessage(); msg != nullptr) {
+            desc += ": ";
+            desc += msg;
+        }
+        return desc;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
index 0ca3a07..bb70588 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
@@ -660,13 +660,15 @@
 /**
  * Whether AIBinder is less than another.
  *
- * This provides a per-process-unique total ordering of binders determined by
- * an underlying allocation address where a null AIBinder* is considered to be
- * ordered before all other binders.
+ * This provides a per-process-unique total ordering of binders where a null
+ * AIBinder* object is considered to be before all other binder objects.
+ * For instance, two binders refer to the same object in a local or remote
+ * process when both AIBinder_lt(a, b) and AIBinder(b, a) are false. This API
+ * might be used to insert and lookup binders in binary search trees.
  *
  * AIBinder* pointers themselves actually also create a per-process-unique total
  * ordering. However, this ordering is inconsistent with AIBinder_Weak_lt for
- * remote binders.
+ * remote binders. So, in general, this function should be preferred.
  *
  * Available since API level 31.
  *
@@ -698,14 +700,21 @@
  * the same as AIBinder_lt. Similarly, a null AIBinder_Weak* is considered to be
  * ordered before all other weak references.
  *
- * If you have many AIBinder_Weak* objects which are all references to distinct
- * binder objects which happen to have the same underlying address (as ordered
- * by AIBinder_lt), these AIBinder_Weak* objects will retain the same order with
- * respect to all other AIBinder_Weak* pointers with different underlying
- * addresses and are also guaranteed to have a per-process-unique ordering. That
- * is, even though multiple AIBinder* instances may happen to be allocated at
- * the same underlying address, this function will still correctly distinguish
- * that these are weak pointers to different binder objects.
+ * This function correctly distinguishes binders even if one is deallocated. So,
+ * for instance, an AIBinder_Weak* entry representing a deleted binder will
+ * never compare as equal to an AIBinder_Weak* entry which represents a
+ * different allocation of a binder, even if the two binders were originally
+ * allocated at the same address. That is:
+ *
+ *     AIBinder* a = ...; // imagine this has address 0x8
+ *     AIBinder_Weak* bWeak = AIBinder_Weak_new(a);
+ *     AIBinder_decStrong(a); // a may be deleted, if this is the last reference
+ *     AIBinder* b = ...; // imagine this has address 0x8 (same address as b)
+ *     AIBinder_Weak* bWeak = AIBinder_Weak_new(b);
+ *
+ * Then when a/b are compared with other binders, their order will be preserved,
+ * and it will either be the case that AIBinder_Weak_lt(aWeak, bWeak) OR
+ * AIBinder_Weak_lt(bWeak, aWeak), but not both.
  *
  * Unlike AIBinder*, the AIBinder_Weak* addresses themselves have nothing to do
  * with the underlying binder.
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
index b7df115..0d1989e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
@@ -375,8 +375,7 @@
 
     AIBinder_decStrong(binder);
 
-    // assert because would need to decStrong if non-null and we shouldn't need to add a no-op here
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, AIBinder_Weak_promote(wBinder));
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, AIBinder_Weak_promote(wBinder));
 
     AIBinder_Weak_delete(wBinder);
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
index ed3b9ec..42c1e0a 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/binder.rs
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@
 
         impl $crate::parcel::Serialize for dyn $interface + '_
         where
-            $interface: $crate::Interface
+            dyn $interface: $crate::Interface
         {
             fn serialize(&self, parcel: &mut $crate::parcel::Parcel) -> $crate::Result<()> {
                 let binder = $crate::Interface::as_binder(self);
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
index 138b360..8d18fb4 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/parcel/parcelable.rs
@@ -15,15 +15,17 @@
  */
 
 use crate::binder::{AsNative, FromIBinder};
-use crate::error::{status_result, Result, Status, StatusCode};
+use crate::error::{status_result, status_t, Result, Status, StatusCode};
 use crate::parcel::Parcel;
 use crate::proxy::SpIBinder;
 use crate::sys;
 
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 use std::ffi::c_void;
-use std::os::raw::c_char;
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_ulong};
+use std::mem::{self, MaybeUninit};
 use std::ptr;
+use std::slice;
 
 /// A struct whose instances can be written to a [`Parcel`].
 // Might be able to hook this up as a serde backend in the future?
@@ -49,38 +51,109 @@
 pub trait SerializeArray: Serialize + Sized {
     /// Serialize an array of this type into the given [`Parcel`].
     fn serialize_array(slice: &[Self], parcel: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()> {
-        parcel.write_slice_size(Some(slice))?;
-
-        for item in slice {
-            parcel.write(item)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
+        let res = unsafe {
+            // Safety: Safe FFI, slice will always be a safe pointer to pass.
+            sys::AParcel_writeParcelableArray(
+                parcel.as_native_mut(),
+                slice.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
+                slice.len().try_into().or(Err(StatusCode::BAD_VALUE))?,
+                Some(serialize_element::<Self>),
+            )
+        };
+        status_result(res)
     }
 }
 
+/// Callback to serialize an element of a generic parcelable array.
+///
+/// Safety: We are relying on binder_ndk to not overrun our slice. As long as it
+/// doesn't provide an index larger than the length of the original slice in
+/// serialize_array, this operation is safe. The index provided is zero-based.
+unsafe extern "C" fn serialize_element<T: Serialize>(
+    parcel: *mut sys::AParcel,
+    array: *const c_void,
+    index: c_ulong,
+) -> status_t {
+    // c_ulong and usize are the same, but we need the explicitly sized version
+    // so the function signature matches what bindgen generates.
+    let index = index as usize;
+
+    let slice: &[T] = slice::from_raw_parts(array.cast(), index+1);
+
+    let mut parcel = match Parcel::borrowed(parcel) {
+        None => return StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL as status_t,
+        Some(p) => p,
+    };
+
+    slice[index].serialize(&mut parcel)
+                .err()
+                .unwrap_or(StatusCode::OK)
+        as status_t
+}
+
 /// Helper trait for types that can be deserialized as arrays.
 /// Defaults to calling Deserialize::deserialize() manually for every element,
 /// but can be overridden for custom implementations like `readByteArray`.
 pub trait DeserializeArray: Deserialize {
     /// Deserialize an array of type from the given [`Parcel`].
     fn deserialize_array(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<Option<Vec<Self>>> {
-        let len: i32 = parcel.read()?;
-        if len < 0 {
-            return Ok(None);
-        }
-
-        // TODO: Assumes that usize is at least 32 bits
-        let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
-
-        for _ in 0..len {
-            vec.push(parcel.read()?);
-        }
-
-        Ok(Some(vec))
+        let mut vec: Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<Self>>> = None;
+        let res = unsafe {
+            // Safety: Safe FFI, vec is the correct opaque type expected by
+            // allocate_vec and deserialize_element.
+            sys::AParcel_readParcelableArray(
+                parcel.as_native(),
+                &mut vec as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
+                Some(allocate_vec::<Self>),
+                Some(deserialize_element::<Self>),
+            )
+        };
+        status_result(res)?;
+        let vec: Option<Vec<Self>> = unsafe {
+            // Safety: We are assuming that the NDK correctly initialized every
+            // element of the vector by now, so we know that all the
+            // MaybeUninits are now properly initialized. We can transmute from
+            // Vec<MaybeUninit<T>> to Vec<T> because MaybeUninit<T> has the same
+            // alignment and size as T, so the pointer to the vector allocation
+            // will be compatible.
+            mem::transmute(vec)
+        };
+        Ok(vec)
     }
 }
 
+/// Callback to deserialize a parcelable element.
+///
+/// The opaque array data pointer must be a mutable pointer to an
+/// `Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<T>>>` with at least enough elements for `index` to be valid
+/// (zero-based).
+unsafe extern "C" fn deserialize_element<T: Deserialize>(
+    parcel: *const sys::AParcel,
+    array: *mut c_void,
+    index: c_ulong,
+) -> status_t {
+    // c_ulong and usize are the same, but we need the explicitly sized version
+    // so the function signature matches what bindgen generates.
+    let index = index as usize;
+
+    let vec = &mut *(array as *mut Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<T>>>);
+    let vec = match vec {
+        Some(v) => v,
+        None => return StatusCode::BAD_INDEX as status_t,
+    };
+
+    let parcel = match Parcel::borrowed(parcel as *mut _) {
+        None => return StatusCode::UNEXPECTED_NULL as status_t,
+        Some(p) => p,
+    };
+    let element = match parcel.read() {
+        Ok(e) => e,
+        Err(code) => return code as status_t,
+    };
+    ptr::write(vec[index].as_mut_ptr(), element);
+    StatusCode::OK as status_t
+}
+
 /// Helper trait for types that can be nullable when serialized.
 // We really need this trait instead of implementing `Serialize for Option<T>`
 // because of the Rust orphan rule which prevents us from doing
@@ -115,28 +188,54 @@
 
 /// Callback to allocate a vector for parcel array read functions.
 ///
+/// This variant is for APIs which use an out buffer pointer.
+///
 /// # Safety
 ///
 /// The opaque data pointer passed to the array read function must be a mutable
-/// pointer to an `Option<Vec<T>>`. `buffer` will be assigned a mutable pointer
+/// pointer to an `Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<T>>>`. `buffer` will be assigned a mutable pointer
 /// to the allocated vector data if this function returns true.
-unsafe extern "C" fn allocate_vec<T: Clone + Default>(
+unsafe extern "C" fn allocate_vec_with_buffer<T>(
     data: *mut c_void,
     len: i32,
     buffer: *mut *mut T,
 ) -> bool {
-    let vec = &mut *(data as *mut Option<Vec<T>>);
+    let res = allocate_vec::<T>(data, len);
+    let vec = &mut *(data as *mut Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<T>>>);
+    if let Some(new_vec) = vec {
+        *buffer = new_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut T;
+    }
+    res
+}
+
+/// Callback to allocate a vector for parcel array read functions.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The opaque data pointer passed to the array read function must be a mutable
+/// pointer to an `Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<T>>>`.
+unsafe extern "C" fn allocate_vec<T>(
+    data: *mut c_void,
+    len: i32,
+) -> bool {
+    let vec = &mut *(data as *mut Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<T>>>);
     if len < 0 {
         *vec = None;
         return true;
     }
-    let mut new_vec: Vec<T> = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
-    new_vec.resize_with(len as usize, Default::default);
-    *buffer = new_vec.as_mut_ptr();
-    *vec = Some(new_vec);
+    let mut new_vec: Vec<MaybeUninit<T>> = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
+
+    // Safety: We are filling the vector with uninitialized data here, but this
+    // is safe because the vector contains MaybeUninit elements which can be
+    // uninitialized. We're putting off the actual unsafe bit, transmuting the
+    // vector to a Vec<T> until the contents are initialized.
+    new_vec.set_len(len as usize);
+
+    ptr::write(vec, Some(new_vec));
     true
 }
 
+
 macro_rules! parcelable_primitives {
     {
         $(
@@ -204,19 +303,29 @@
     {DeserializeArray, $ty:ty, $read_array_fn:path} => {
         impl DeserializeArray for $ty {
             fn deserialize_array(parcel: &Parcel) -> Result<Option<Vec<Self>>> {
-                let mut vec: Option<Vec<Self>> = None;
+                let mut vec: Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<Self>>> = None;
                 let status = unsafe {
                     // Safety: `Parcel` always contains a valid pointer to an
                     // `AParcel`. `allocate_vec<T>` expects the opaque pointer to
-                    // be of type `*mut Option<Vec<T>>`, so `&mut vec` is
+                    // be of type `*mut Option<Vec<MaybeUninit<T>>>`, so `&mut vec` is
                     // correct for it.
                     $read_array_fn(
                         parcel.as_native(),
                         &mut vec as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
-                        Some(allocate_vec),
+                        Some(allocate_vec_with_buffer),
                     )
                 };
                 status_result(status)?;
+                let vec: Option<Vec<Self>> = unsafe {
+                    // Safety: We are assuming that the NDK correctly
+                    // initialized every element of the vector by now, so we
+                    // know that all the MaybeUninits are now properly
+                    // initialized. We can transmute from Vec<MaybeUninit<T>> to
+                    // Vec<T> because MaybeUninit<T> has the same alignment and
+                    // size as T, so the pointer to the vector allocation will
+                    // be compatible.
+                    mem::transmute(vec)
+                };
                 Ok(vec)
             }
         }
@@ -414,7 +523,7 @@
             sys::AParcel_readString(
                 parcel.as_native(),
                 &mut vec as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
-                Some(allocate_vec),
+                Some(allocate_vec_with_buffer),
             )
         };
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs b/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
index 17af099..e9e74c0 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/src/proxy.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,20 @@
         ptr.as_mut().map(|p| Self(p))
     }
 
+    /// Extract a raw `AIBinder` pointer from this wrapper.
+    ///
+    /// This method should _only_ be used for testing. Do not try to use the NDK
+    /// interface directly for anything else.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The resulting pointer is valid only as long as the SpIBinder is alive.
+    /// The SpIBinder object retains ownership of the AIBinder and the caller
+    /// should not attempt to free the returned pointer.
+    pub unsafe fn as_raw(&self) -> *mut sys::AIBinder {
+        self.0
+    }
+
     /// Return true if this binder object is hosted in a different process than
     /// the current one.
     pub fn is_remote(&self) -> bool {
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/Android.bp b/libs/binder/rust/tests/Android.bp
index 5ae9c53..8810b5d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/rust/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/Android.bp
@@ -79,3 +79,50 @@
         "IBinderRustNdkInteropTest-rust",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "rustBinderSerializationTest",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libutils",
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbinder_rs_serialization_test"
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "serialization.cpp",
+    ],
+    auto_gen_config: true,
+    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+}
+
+rust_bindgen {
+    name: "libbinder_rs_serialization_bindgen",
+    crate_name: "binder_rs_serialization_bindgen",
+    wrapper_src: "serialization.hpp",
+    source_stem: "bindings",
+    cpp_std: "gnu++17",
+    bindgen_flags: [
+        "--whitelist-type", "Transaction",
+        "--whitelist-var", "TESTDATA_.*",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libc++",
+    ],
+}
+
+rust_ffi_static {
+    name: "libbinder_rs_serialization_test",
+    crate_name: "binder_rs_serialization_test",
+    srcs: [
+        "serialization.rs",
+        ":libbinder_rs_serialization_bindgen",
+    ],
+    rustlibs: [
+        "libbinder_rs",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.cpp b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec780f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_ibinder_platform.h>
+#include <android/binder_libbinder.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <binder/ParcelFileDescriptor.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#include <binder/Status.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+#include <utils/String16.h>
+#include "android-base/file.h"
+#include "serialization.hpp"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <optional>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace android;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+using android::os::ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+// defined in Rust
+extern "C" AIBinder *rust_service();
+
+
+const int8_t TESTDATA_I8[4] = {-128, 0, 117, 127};
+const uint8_t TESTDATA_U8[4] = {0, 42, 117, 255};
+const char16_t TESTDATA_CHARS[4] = {0, 42, 117, numeric_limits<char16_t>::max()};
+const int32_t TESTDATA_I32[4] = {numeric_limits<int32_t>::min(), 0, 117, numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()};
+const int64_t TESTDATA_I64[4] = {numeric_limits<int64_t>::min(), 0, 117, numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()};
+const uint64_t TESTDATA_U64[4] = {0, 42, 117, numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()};
+const float TESTDATA_FLOAT[4] = {
+        numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(),
+        -numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+        117.0,
+        numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+};
+const double TESTDATA_DOUBLE[4] = {
+        numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
+        -numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+        117.0,
+        numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+};
+const bool TESTDATA_BOOL[4] = {true, false, false, true};
+const char* const TESTDATA_STRS[4] = {"", nullptr, "test", ""};
+
+static ::testing::Environment* gEnvironment;
+
+class SerializationEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        m_server = AIBinder_toPlatformBinder(rust_service());
+    }
+
+    sp<IBinder> getServer(void) { return m_server; }
+
+private:
+    sp<IBinder> m_server;
+};
+
+
+class SerializationTest : public ::testing::Test {
+protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_NE(gEnvironment, nullptr);
+        m_server = static_cast<SerializationEnvironment *>(gEnvironment)->getServer();
+    }
+
+    sp<IBinder> m_server;
+};
+
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeBool) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<bool> bools(begin(TESTDATA_BOOL), end(TESTDATA_BOOL));
+    ASSERT_EQ(data.writeBool(true), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(data.writeBool(false), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(data.writeBoolVector(bools), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(data.writeBoolVector(nullopt), OK);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_BOOL, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<bool> read_bools;
+    optional<vector<bool>> maybe_bools;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readBool(), true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readBool(), false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readBoolVector(&read_bools), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_bools, bools);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readBoolVector(&maybe_bools), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_bools, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeByte) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<int8_t> i8s(begin(TESTDATA_I8), end(TESTDATA_I8));
+    vector<uint8_t> u8s(begin(TESTDATA_U8), end(TESTDATA_U8));
+    data.writeByte(0);
+    data.writeByte(1);
+    data.writeByte(numeric_limits<int8_t>::max());
+    data.writeByteVector(i8s);
+    data.writeByteVector(u8s);
+    data.writeByteVector(optional<vector<int8_t>>({}));
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_BYTE, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<int8_t> read_i8s;
+    vector<uint8_t> read_u8s;
+    optional<vector<int8_t>> maybe_i8s;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readByte(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readByte(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readByte(), numeric_limits<int8_t>::max());
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readByteVector(&read_i8s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_i8s, i8s);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readByteVector(&read_u8s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_u8s, u8s);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readByteVector(&maybe_i8s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_i8s, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeU16) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<char16_t> chars(begin(TESTDATA_CHARS), end(TESTDATA_CHARS));
+    data.writeChar(0);
+    data.writeChar(1);
+    data.writeChar(numeric_limits<char16_t>::max());
+    data.writeCharVector(chars);
+    data.writeCharVector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_U16, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<char16_t> read_chars;
+    optional<vector<char16_t>> maybe_chars;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readChar(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readChar(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readChar(), numeric_limits<char16_t>::max());
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readCharVector(&read_chars), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_chars, chars);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readCharVector(&maybe_chars), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_chars, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeI32) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<int32_t> i32s(begin(TESTDATA_I32), end(TESTDATA_I32));
+    data.writeInt32(0);
+    data.writeInt32(1);
+    data.writeInt32(numeric_limits<int32_t>::max());
+    data.writeInt32Vector(i32s);
+    data.writeInt32Vector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_I32, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<int32_t> read_i32s;
+    optional<vector<int32_t>> maybe_i32s;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(), numeric_limits<int32_t>::max());
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32Vector(&read_i32s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_i32s, i32s);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32Vector(&maybe_i32s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_i32s, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeI64) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<int64_t> i64s(begin(TESTDATA_I64), end(TESTDATA_I64));
+    data.writeInt64(0);
+    data.writeInt64(1);
+    data.writeInt64(numeric_limits<int64_t>::max());
+    data.writeInt64Vector(i64s);
+    data.writeInt64Vector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_I64, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<int64_t> read_i64s;
+    optional<vector<int64_t>> maybe_i64s;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt64(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt64(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt64(), numeric_limits<int64_t>::max());
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt64Vector(&read_i64s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_i64s, i64s);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt64Vector(&maybe_i64s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_i64s, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeU64) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<uint64_t> u64s(begin(TESTDATA_U64), end(TESTDATA_U64));
+    data.writeUint64(0);
+    data.writeUint64(1);
+    data.writeUint64(numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max());
+    data.writeUint64Vector(u64s);
+    data.writeUint64Vector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_U64, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<uint64_t> read_u64s;
+    optional<vector<uint64_t>> maybe_u64s;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readUint64(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readUint64(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readUint64(), numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max());
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readUint64Vector(&read_u64s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_u64s, u64s);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readUint64Vector(&maybe_u64s), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_u64s, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeF32) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<float> floats(begin(TESTDATA_FLOAT), end(TESTDATA_FLOAT));
+    data.writeFloat(0);
+    data.writeFloatVector(floats);
+    data.writeFloatVector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_F32, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<float> read_floats;
+    optional<vector<float>> maybe_floats;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readFloat(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readFloatVector(&read_floats), OK);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isnan(read_floats[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_floats[1], floats[1]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_floats[2], floats[2]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_floats[3], floats[3]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readFloatVector(&maybe_floats), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_floats, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeF64) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<double> doubles(begin(TESTDATA_DOUBLE), end(TESTDATA_DOUBLE));
+    data.writeDouble(0);
+    data.writeDoubleVector(doubles);
+    data.writeDoubleVector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_F64, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    vector<double> read_doubles;
+    optional<vector<double>> maybe_doubles;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readDouble(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readDoubleVector(&read_doubles), OK);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isnan(read_doubles[0]));
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_doubles[1], doubles[1]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_doubles[2], doubles[2]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_doubles[3], doubles[3]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readDoubleVector(&maybe_doubles), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_doubles, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeString) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    vector<optional<String16>> strings;
+    for (auto I = begin(TESTDATA_STRS), E = end(TESTDATA_STRS); I != E; ++I) {
+        if (*I == nullptr) {
+            strings.push_back(optional<String16>());
+        } else {
+            strings.emplace_back(*I);
+        }
+    }
+    data.writeUtf8AsUtf16(string("testing"));
+    data.writeString16(nullopt);
+    data.writeString16Vector(strings);
+    data.writeString16Vector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_STRING, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    optional<String16> maybe_string;
+    optional<vector<optional<String16>>> read_strings;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readString16(), String16("testing"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readString16(&maybe_string), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybe_string, nullopt);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readString16Vector(&read_strings), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_strings, strings);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readString16Vector(&read_strings), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(read_strings, nullopt);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeFileDescriptor) {
+    unique_fd out_file, in_file;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::Pipe(&out_file, &in_file));
+
+    vector<ParcelFileDescriptor> file_descriptors;
+    file_descriptors.push_back(ParcelFileDescriptor(std::move(out_file)));
+    file_descriptors.push_back(ParcelFileDescriptor(std::move(in_file)));
+
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    data.writeParcelable(file_descriptors[0]);
+    data.writeParcelable(file_descriptors[1]);
+    data.writeParcelableVector(file_descriptors);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_FILE_DESCRIPTOR, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    ParcelFileDescriptor returned_fd1, returned_fd2;
+    vector<ParcelFileDescriptor> returned_file_descriptors;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readParcelable(&returned_fd1), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readParcelable(&returned_fd2), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readParcelableVector(&returned_file_descriptors), OK);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+
+    base::WriteStringToFd("Testing", returned_fd2.get());
+    base::WriteStringToFd("File", returned_file_descriptors[1].get());
+    base::WriteStringToFd("Descriptors", file_descriptors[1].get());
+
+    string expected = "TestingFileDescriptors";
+    vector<char> buf(expected.length());
+    base::ReadFully(file_descriptors[0].release(), buf.data(), buf.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected, string(buf.data()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeIBinder) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    data.writeStrongBinder(m_server);
+    data.writeStrongBinder(nullptr);
+    data.writeStrongBinderVector({m_server, nullptr});
+    data.writeStrongBinderVector(nullopt);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_IBINDER, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    optional<vector<sp<IBinder>>> binders;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(reply.readStrongBinder());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(reply.readStrongBinder());
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readStrongBinderVector(&binders), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(binders->size(), 2);
+    ASSERT_TRUE((*binders)[0]);
+    ASSERT_FALSE((*binders)[1]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readStrongBinderVector(&binders), OK);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(binders);
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeStatus) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+
+    binder::Status::ok().writeToParcel(&data);
+    binder::Status::fromExceptionCode(binder::Status::EX_NULL_POINTER, "a status message")
+            .writeToParcel(&data);
+    binder::Status::fromServiceSpecificError(42, "a service-specific error").writeToParcel(&data);
+
+    android::Parcel reply;
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_STATUS, data, &reply), OK);
+
+    binder::Status status;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.readFromParcel(reply), OK);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.readFromParcel(reply), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), binder::Status::EX_NULL_POINTER);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.exceptionMessage(), "a status message");
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.readFromParcel(reply), OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.serviceSpecificErrorCode(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.exceptionMessage(), "a service-specific error");
+
+    int32_t end;
+    ASSERT_EQ(reply.readInt32(&end), NOT_ENOUGH_DATA);
+}
+
+// Test that failures from Rust properly propagate to C++
+TEST_F(SerializationTest, SerializeRustFail) {
+    android::Parcel data;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(String16("read_parcel_test"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(m_server->transact(TEST_FAIL, data, nullptr), FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    gEnvironment = AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new SerializationEnvironment());
+    ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.hpp b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0041608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+enum Transaction {
+    TEST_BOOL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
+    TEST_BYTE,
+    TEST_U16,
+    TEST_I32,
+    TEST_I64,
+    TEST_U64,
+    TEST_F32,
+    TEST_F64,
+    TEST_STRING,
+    TEST_FILE_DESCRIPTOR,
+    TEST_IBINDER,
+    TEST_STATUS,
+    TEST_FAIL,
+};
+
+extern const int8_t TESTDATA_I8[4];
+extern const uint8_t TESTDATA_U8[4];
+extern const char16_t TESTDATA_CHARS[4];
+extern const int32_t TESTDATA_I32[4];
+extern const int64_t TESTDATA_I64[4];
+extern const uint64_t TESTDATA_U64[4];
+extern const float TESTDATA_FLOAT[4];
+extern const double TESTDATA_DOUBLE[4];
+extern const bool TESTDATA_BOOL[4];
+extern const char* const TESTDATA_STRS[4];
diff --git a/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.rs b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bf3d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/rust/tests/serialization.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//! Included as a module in the binder crate internal tests for internal API
+//! access.
+
+use binder::declare_binder_interface;
+use binder::{
+    Binder, ExceptionCode, Interface, Parcel, Result, SpIBinder, Status,
+    StatusCode, TransactionCode,
+};
+use binder::parcel::ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+use std::ffi::{c_void, CStr, CString};
+use std::sync::Once;
+
+#[allow(
+    non_camel_case_types,
+    non_snake_case,
+    non_upper_case_globals,
+    unused,
+    improper_ctypes,
+    missing_docs,
+    clippy::all
+)]
+mod bindings {
+    include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/bindings.rs"));
+}
+
+static SERVICE_ONCE: Once = Once::new();
+static mut SERVICE: Option<SpIBinder> = None;
+
+/// Start binder service and return a raw AIBinder pointer to it.
+///
+/// Safe to call multiple times, only creates the service once.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn rust_service() -> *mut c_void {
+    unsafe {
+        SERVICE_ONCE.call_once(|| {
+            SERVICE = Some(BnReadParcelTest::new_binder(()).as_binder());
+        });
+        SERVICE.as_ref().unwrap().as_raw().cast()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Empty interface just to use the declare_binder_interface macro
+pub trait ReadParcelTest: Interface {}
+
+declare_binder_interface! {
+    ReadParcelTest["read_parcel_test"] {
+        native: BnReadParcelTest(on_transact),
+        proxy: BpReadParcelTest,
+    }
+}
+
+impl ReadParcelTest for Binder<BnReadParcelTest> {}
+
+impl ReadParcelTest for BpReadParcelTest {}
+
+impl ReadParcelTest for () {}
+
+#[allow(clippy::float_cmp)]
+fn on_transact(_service: &dyn ReadParcelTest, code: TransactionCode,
+               parcel: &Parcel, reply: &mut Parcel) -> Result<()> {
+    match code {
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_BOOL => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<bool>()?, true);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<bool>()?, false);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<bool>>()?, unsafe {
+                bindings::TESTDATA_BOOL
+            });
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<bool>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&true)?;
+            reply.write(&false)?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_BOOL }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<bool>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_BYTE => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i8>()?, 0);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i8>()?, 1);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i8>()?, i8::max_value());
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<i8>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I8 });
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<u8>>()?, unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_U8 });
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<i8>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&0i8)?;
+            reply.write(&1i8)?;
+            reply.write(&i8::max_value())?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I8 }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_U8 }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<i8>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_U16 => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u16>()?, 0);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u16>()?, 1);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u16>()?, u16::max_value());
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<u16>>()?, unsafe {
+                bindings::TESTDATA_CHARS
+            });
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<u16>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&0u16)?;
+            reply.write(&1u16)?;
+            reply.write(&u16::max_value())?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_CHARS }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<u16>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_I32 => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>()?, 0);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>()?, 1);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>()?, i32::max_value());
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<i32>>()?, unsafe {
+                bindings::TESTDATA_I32
+            });
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<i32>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&0i32)?;
+            reply.write(&1i32)?;
+            reply.write(&i32::max_value())?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I32 }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<i32>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_I64 => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i64>()?, 0);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i64>()?, 1);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i64>()?, i64::max_value());
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<i64>>()?, unsafe {
+                bindings::TESTDATA_I64
+            });
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<i64>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&0i64)?;
+            reply.write(&1i64)?;
+            reply.write(&i64::max_value())?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_I64 }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<i64>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_U64 => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u64>()?, 0);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u64>()?, 1);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<u64>()?, u64::max_value());
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Vec<u64>>()?, unsafe {
+                bindings::TESTDATA_U64
+            });
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<u64>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&0u64)?;
+            reply.write(&1u64)?;
+            reply.write(&u64::max_value())?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_U64 }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<u64>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_F32 => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<f32>()?, 0f32);
+            let floats = parcel.read::<Vec<f32>>()?;
+            assert!(floats[0].is_nan());
+            assert_eq!(floats[1..], unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_FLOAT }[1..]);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<f32>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&0f32)?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_FLOAT }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<f32>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_F64 => {
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<f64>()?, 0f64);
+            let doubles = parcel.read::<Vec<f64>>()?;
+            assert!(doubles[0].is_nan());
+            assert_eq!(doubles[1..], unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_DOUBLE }[1..]);
+            assert_eq!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<f64>>>()?, None);
+
+            reply.write(&0f64)?;
+            reply.write(&unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_DOUBLE }[..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<f64>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_STRING => {
+            let s: Option<String> = parcel.read()?;
+            assert_eq!(s.as_deref(), Some("testing"));
+            let s: Option<String> = parcel.read()?;
+            assert_eq!(s, None);
+            let s: Option<Vec<Option<String>>> = parcel.read()?;
+            for (s, expected) in s
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .zip(unsafe { bindings::TESTDATA_STRS }.iter())
+            {
+                let expected = unsafe {
+                    expected
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|e| CStr::from_ptr(e).to_str().ok())
+                };
+                assert_eq!(s.as_deref(), expected);
+            }
+            let s: Option<Vec<Option<String>>> = parcel.read()?;
+            assert_eq!(s, None);
+
+            let strings: Vec<Option<String>> = unsafe {
+                bindings::TESTDATA_STRS
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| {
+                        s.as_ref().map(|s| {
+                            CStr::from_ptr(s)
+                                .to_str()
+                                .expect("String was not UTF-8")
+                                .to_owned()
+                        })
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            };
+
+            reply.write("testing")?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<String>))?;
+            reply.write(&strings)?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<String>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_FILE_DESCRIPTOR => {
+            let file1 = parcel.read::<ParcelFileDescriptor>()?;
+            let file2 = parcel.read::<ParcelFileDescriptor>()?;
+            let files = parcel.read::<Vec<Option<ParcelFileDescriptor>>>()?;
+
+            reply.write(&file1)?;
+            reply.write(&file2)?;
+            reply.write(&files)?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_IBINDER => {
+            assert!(parcel.read::<Option<SpIBinder>>()?.is_some());
+            assert!(parcel.read::<Option<SpIBinder>>()?.is_none());
+            let ibinders = parcel.read::<Option<Vec<Option<SpIBinder>>>>()?.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(ibinders.len(), 2);
+            assert!(ibinders[0].is_some());
+            assert!(ibinders[1].is_none());
+            assert!(parcel.read::<Option<Vec<Option<SpIBinder>>>>()?.is_none());
+
+            let service = unsafe {
+                SERVICE
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .expect("Global binder service not initialized")
+                    .clone()
+            };
+            reply.write(&service)?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<&SpIBinder>))?;
+            reply.write(&[Some(&service), None][..])?;
+            reply.write(&(None as Option<Vec<Option<&SpIBinder>>>))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_STATUS => {
+            let status: Status = parcel.read()?;
+            assert!(status.is_ok());
+            let status: Status = parcel.read()?;
+            assert_eq!(status.exception_code(), ExceptionCode::NULL_POINTER);
+            assert_eq!(
+                status.get_description(),
+                "Status(-4, EX_NULL_POINTER): 'a status message'"
+            );
+            let status: Status = parcel.read()?;
+            assert_eq!(status.service_specific_error(), 42);
+            assert_eq!(
+                status.get_description(),
+                "Status(-8, EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC): '42: a service-specific error'"
+            );
+
+            reply.write(&Status::ok())?;
+            reply.write(&Status::new_exception(
+                ExceptionCode::NULL_POINTER,
+                Some(&CString::new("a status message").unwrap()),
+            ))?;
+            reply.write(&Status::new_service_specific_error(
+                42,
+                Some(&CString::new("a service-specific error").unwrap()),
+            ))?;
+        }
+        bindings::Transaction_TEST_FAIL => {
+            return Err(StatusCode::FAILED_TRANSACTION)
+        }
+        _ => return Err(StatusCode::UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION),
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(parcel.read::<i32>(), Err(StatusCode::NOT_ENOUGH_DATA));
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderClearBufTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderClearBufTest.cpp
index a565e72..2d30c8d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderClearBufTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderClearBufTest.cpp
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@
             lastReply = reply.data();
             lastReplySize = reply.dataSize();
         }
-        IPCThreadState::self()->flushCommands();
         *outBuffer = hexString(lastReply, lastReplySize);
         return result;
     }
diff --git a/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp b/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
index 2e72cc4..462f0db 100644
--- a/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
+++ b/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
     struct dirent **dirlist;
     const char basepath[] = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq";
     int ret = scandir(basepath, &dirlist, isPolicyFile, comparePolicyFiles);
-    if (ret == -1) return false;
+    if (ret == -1 || ret == 0) return false;
     gNPolicies = ret;
 
     std::vector<std::string> policyFileNames;
diff --git a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
index 3faf792..8b3c3ad 100644
--- a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
+++ b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 
 /* list of hal interface to dump containing process during native dumps */
 static const char* hal_interfaces_to_dump[] {
-        "android.hardware.audio@2.0::IDevicesFactory",
         "android.hardware.audio@4.0::IDevicesFactory",
         "android.hardware.audio@5.0::IDevicesFactory",
         "android.hardware.audio@6.0::IDevicesFactory",
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 940a26b..9606daa 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     },
     srcs: [
         "GpuMemTest.cpp",
+        "GpuMemTracerTest.cpp",
         "GpuStatsTest.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
@@ -29,14 +30,19 @@
         "libcutils",
         "libgfxstats",
         "libgpumem",
+        "libgpumemtracer",
         "libgraphicsenv",
         "liblog",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
+        "libprotoutil",
         "libstatslog",
         "libstatspull",
         "libutils",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libgmock",
+        "libperfetto_client_experimental",
+        "perfetto_trace_protos",
     ],
     require_root: true,
 }
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTracerTest.cpp b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTracerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d76f039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTracerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "gpuservice_unittest"
+
+#include <bpf/BpfMap.h>
+#include <gpumem/GpuMem.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <perfetto/trace/trace.pb.h>
+#include <tracing/GpuMemTracer.h>
+
+#include "TestableGpuMem.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_MAP_SIZE = 10;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_GLOBAL_KEY = 0;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_GLOBAL_PID = 0;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_GLOBAL_VAL = 123;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_GLOBAL_GPU_ID = 0;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_KEY_1 = 1;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_PROC_PID_1 = 1;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_VAL_1 = 234;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_PROC_1_GPU_ID = 0;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_KEY_2 = 4294967298; // (1 << 32) + 2
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_PROC_PID_2 = 2;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_VAL_2 = 345;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_PROC_2_GPU_ID = 1;
+
+class GpuMemTracerTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+    GpuMemTracerTest() {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+                ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+    }
+
+    ~GpuMemTracerTest() {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+                ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+    }
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        bpf::setrlimitForTest();
+
+        mGpuMem = std::make_shared<GpuMem>();
+        mGpuMemTracer = std::make_unique<GpuMemTracer>();
+        mGpuMemTracer->initializeForTest(mGpuMem);
+        mTestableGpuMem = TestableGpuMem(mGpuMem.get());
+
+        errno = 0;
+        mTestMap = bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE,
+                                                   BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, errno);
+        EXPECT_LE(0, mTestMap.getMap().get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mTestMap.isValid());
+    }
+
+    int getTracerThreadCount() { return mGpuMemTracer->tracerThreadCount; }
+
+    std::vector<perfetto::protos::TracePacket> readGpuMemTotalPacketsBlocking(
+            perfetto::TracingSession* tracingSession) {
+        std::vector<char> raw_trace = tracingSession->ReadTraceBlocking();
+        perfetto::protos::Trace trace;
+        trace.ParseFromArray(raw_trace.data(), int(raw_trace.size()));
+
+        std::vector<perfetto::protos::TracePacket> packets;
+        for (const auto& packet : trace.packet()) {
+            if (!packet.has_gpu_mem_total_event()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            packets.emplace_back(packet);
+        }
+        return packets;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<GpuMem> mGpuMem;
+    TestableGpuMem mTestableGpuMem;
+    std::unique_ptr<GpuMemTracer> mGpuMemTracer;
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t> mTestMap;
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t getSizeForPid(uint32_t pid) {
+    switch (pid) {
+        case TEST_GLOBAL_PID:
+            return TEST_GLOBAL_VAL;
+        case TEST_PROC_PID_1:
+            return TEST_PROC_VAL_1;
+        case TEST_PROC_PID_2:
+            return TEST_PROC_VAL_2;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr uint32_t getGpuIdForPid(uint32_t pid) {
+    switch (pid) {
+        case TEST_GLOBAL_PID:
+            return TEST_GLOBAL_GPU_ID;
+        case TEST_PROC_PID_1:
+            return TEST_PROC_1_GPU_ID;
+        case TEST_PROC_PID_2:
+            return TEST_PROC_2_GPU_ID;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTracerTest, traceInitialCountersAfterGpuMemInitialize) {
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTestMap.writeValue(TEST_GLOBAL_KEY, TEST_GLOBAL_VAL, BPF_ANY));
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTestMap.writeValue(TEST_PROC_KEY_1, TEST_PROC_VAL_1, BPF_ANY));
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTestMap.writeValue(TEST_PROC_KEY_2, TEST_PROC_VAL_2, BPF_ANY));
+    mTestableGpuMem.setGpuMemTotalMap(mTestMap);
+    mTestableGpuMem.setInitialized();
+
+    // Only 1 tracer thread should be existing for test.
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTracerThreadCount(), 1);
+    auto tracingSession = mGpuMemTracer->getTracingSessionForTest();
+
+    tracingSession->StartBlocking();
+    // Sleep for a short time to let the tracer thread finish its work
+    sleep(1);
+    tracingSession->StopBlocking();
+
+    // The test tracer thread should have finished its execution by now.
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTracerThreadCount(), 0);
+
+    auto packets = readGpuMemTotalPacketsBlocking(tracingSession.get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(packets.size(), 3);
+
+    const auto& packet0 = packets[0];
+    ASSERT_TRUE(packet0.has_timestamp());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(packet0.has_gpu_mem_total_event());
+    const auto& gpuMemEvent0 = packet0.gpu_mem_total_event();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent0.has_pid());
+    const auto& pid0 = gpuMemEvent0.pid();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent0.has_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(gpuMemEvent0.size(), getSizeForPid(pid0));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent0.has_gpu_id());
+    EXPECT_EQ(gpuMemEvent0.gpu_id(), getGpuIdForPid(pid0));
+
+    const auto& packet1 = packets[1];
+    ASSERT_TRUE(packet1.has_timestamp());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(packet1.has_gpu_mem_total_event());
+    const auto& gpuMemEvent1 = packet1.gpu_mem_total_event();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent1.has_pid());
+    const auto& pid1 = gpuMemEvent1.pid();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent1.has_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(gpuMemEvent1.size(), getSizeForPid(pid1));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent1.has_gpu_id());
+    EXPECT_EQ(gpuMemEvent1.gpu_id(), getGpuIdForPid(pid1));
+
+    const auto& packet2 = packets[2];
+    ASSERT_TRUE(packet2.has_timestamp());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(packet2.has_gpu_mem_total_event());
+    const auto& gpuMemEvent2 = packet2.gpu_mem_total_event();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent2.has_pid());
+    const auto& pid2 = gpuMemEvent2.pid();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent2.has_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(gpuMemEvent2.size(), getSizeForPid(pid2));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gpuMemEvent2.has_gpu_id());
+    EXPECT_EQ(gpuMemEvent2.gpu_id(), getGpuIdForPid(pid2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTracerTest, noTracingWithoutGpuMemInitialize) {
+    // Only 1 tracer thread should be existing for test.
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTracerThreadCount(), 1);
+
+    auto tracingSession = mGpuMemTracer->getTracingSessionForTest();
+
+    tracingSession->StartBlocking();
+    // Sleep for a short time to let the tracer thread finish its work
+    sleep(1);
+    tracingSession->StopBlocking();
+
+    // The test tracer thread should have finished its execution by now.
+    EXPECT_EQ(getTracerThreadCount(), 0);
+
+    auto packets = readGpuMemTotalPacketsBlocking(tracingSession.get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(packets.size(), 0);
+}
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tracing/GpuMemTracer.cpp b/services/gpuservice/tracing/GpuMemTracer.cpp
index 6366e1d..44a30ea 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/tracing/GpuMemTracer.cpp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tracing/GpuMemTracer.cpp
@@ -44,9 +44,35 @@
     args.backends = perfetto::kSystemBackend;
     perfetto::Tracing::Initialize(args);
     registerDataSource();
-    std::thread tracerThread(&GpuMemTracer::threadLoop, this);
+    std::thread tracerThread(&GpuMemTracer::threadLoop, this, true);
     pthread_setname_np(tracerThread.native_handle(), "GpuMemTracerThread");
     tracerThread.detach();
+    tracerThreadCount++;
+}
+
+void GpuMemTracer::initializeForTest(std::shared_ptr<GpuMem> gpuMem) {
+    mGpuMem = gpuMem;
+    perfetto::TracingInitArgs args;
+    args.backends = perfetto::kInProcessBackend;
+    perfetto::Tracing::Initialize(args);
+    registerDataSource();
+    std::thread tracerThread(&GpuMemTracer::threadLoop, this, false);
+    pthread_setname_np(tracerThread.native_handle(), "GpuMemTracerThreadForTest");
+    tracerThread.detach();
+    tracerThreadCount++;
+}
+
+// Each tracing session can be used for a single block of Start -> Stop.
+std::unique_ptr<perfetto::TracingSession> GpuMemTracer::getTracingSessionForTest() {
+    perfetto::TraceConfig cfg;
+    cfg.set_duration_ms(500);
+    cfg.add_buffers()->set_size_kb(1024);
+    auto* ds_cfg = cfg.add_data_sources()->mutable_config();
+    ds_cfg->set_name(GpuMemTracer::kGpuMemDataSource);
+
+    auto tracingSession = perfetto::Tracing::NewTrace(perfetto::kInProcessBackend);
+    tracingSession->Setup(cfg);
+    return tracingSession;
 }
 
 void GpuMemTracer::registerDataSource() {
@@ -55,8 +81,8 @@
     GpuMemDataSource::Register(dsd);
 }
 
-void GpuMemTracer::threadLoop() {
-    while (true) {
+void GpuMemTracer::threadLoop(bool infiniteLoop) {
+    do {
         {
             std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(GpuMemTracer::sTraceMutex);
             while (!sTraceStarted) {
@@ -68,7 +94,11 @@
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(GpuMemTracer::sTraceMutex);
             sTraceStarted = false;
         }
-    }
+    } while (infiniteLoop);
+
+    // Thread loop is exiting. Reduce the tracerThreadCount to reflect the number of active threads
+    // in the wait loop.
+    tracerThreadCount--;
 }
 
 void GpuMemTracer::traceInitialCounters() {
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tracing/include/tracing/GpuMemTracer.h b/services/gpuservice/tracing/include/tracing/GpuMemTracer.h
index 40deb4c..ae871f1 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/tracing/include/tracing/GpuMemTracer.h
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tracing/include/tracing/GpuMemTracer.h
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@
 
 #include <mutex>
 
+namespace perfetto::protos {
+class TracePacket;
+}
+
 namespace android {
 
 class GpuMem;
@@ -45,16 +49,37 @@
     // perfetto::kInProcessBackend in tests.
     void registerDataSource();
 
+    // TODO(b/175904796): Refactor gpuservice lib to include perfetto lib and move the test
+    // functions into the unittests.
+    // Functions only used for testing with in-process backend. These functions require the static
+    // perfetto lib to be linked. If the tests have a perfetto linked, while libgpumemtracer.so also
+    // has one linked, they will both use different static states maintained in perfetto. Since the
+    // static perfetto states are not shared, tracing sessions created in the unit test are not
+    // recognized by GpuMemTracer. As a result, we cannot use any of the perfetto functions from
+    // this class, which defeats the purpose of the unit test. To solve this, we restrict all
+    // tracing functionality to this class, while the unit test validates the data.
+    // Sets up the perfetto in-process backend and calls into registerDataSource.
+    void initializeForTest(std::shared_ptr<GpuMem>);
+    // Creates a tracing session with in process backend, for testing.
+    std::unique_ptr<perfetto::TracingSession> getTracingSessionForTest();
+    // Read and filter the gpu memory packets from the created trace.
+    std::vector<perfetto::protos::TracePacket> readGpuMemTotalPacketsForTestBlocking(
+            perfetto::TracingSession* tracingSession);
+
     static constexpr char kGpuMemDataSource[] = "android.gpu.memory";
     static std::condition_variable sCondition;
     static std::mutex sTraceMutex;
     static bool sTraceStarted;
 
 private:
-    void traceInitialCounters();
-    void threadLoop();
+    // Friend class for testing
+    friend class GpuMemTracerTest;
 
+    void threadLoop(bool infiniteLoop);
+    void traceInitialCounters();
     std::shared_ptr<GpuMem> mGpuMem;
+    // Count of how many tracer threads are currently active. Useful for testing.
+    std::atomic<int32_t> tracerThreadCount = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index f0b0200..df26a3d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,14 @@
         if (!holes.isEmpty()) {
             targetSettings.clearRegion.orSelf(holes);
         }
-        return std::nullopt;
+
+        if (mSidebandStream != nullptr) {
+            // For surfaceview of tv sideband, there is no activeBuffer
+            // in bufferqueue, we need return LayerSettings.
+            return result;
+        } else {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
     }
     bool blackOutLayer = (isProtected() && !targetSettings.supportsProtectedContent) ||
             (isSecure() && !targetSettings.isSecure);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
index 61f3fbb..708a5b8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp
@@ -78,8 +78,12 @@
 
     if (!validate(timestamp)) {
         // VSR could elect to ignore the incongruent timestamp or resetModel(). If ts is ignored,
-        // don't insert this ts into mTimestamps ringbuffer.
-        if (!mTimestamps.empty()) {
+        // don't insert this ts into mTimestamps ringbuffer. If we are still
+        // in the learning phase we should just clear all timestamps and start
+        // over.
+        if (mTimestamps.size() < kMinimumSamplesForPrediction) {
+            clearTimestamps();
+        } else if (!mTimestamps.empty()) {
             mKnownTimestamp =
                     std::max(timestamp, *std::max_element(mTimestamps.begin(), mTimestamps.end()));
         } else {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 261722d..b15663e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1725,8 +1725,14 @@
     // calculate the expected present time once and use the cached
     // value throughout this frame to make sure all layers are
     // seeing this same value.
-    const nsecs_t lastExpectedPresentTime = mExpectedPresentTime.load();
-    mExpectedPresentTime = expectedVSyncTime;
+    if (expectedVSyncTime >= frameStart) {
+        mExpectedPresentTime = expectedVSyncTime;
+    } else {
+        mExpectedPresentTime = mScheduler->getDispSyncExpectedPresentTime(frameStart);
+    }
+
+    const nsecs_t lastScheduledPresentTime = mScheduledPresentTime;
+    mScheduledPresentTime = expectedVSyncTime;
 
     // When Backpressure propagation is enabled we want to give a small grace period
     // for the present fence to fire instead of just giving up on this frame to handle cases
@@ -1756,7 +1762,7 @@
     const TracedOrdinal<bool> frameMissed = {"PrevFrameMissed",
                                              framePending ||
                                                      (previousPresentTime >= 0 &&
-                                                      (lastExpectedPresentTime <
+                                                      (lastScheduledPresentTime <
                                                        previousPresentTime - frameMissedSlop))};
     const TracedOrdinal<bool> hwcFrameMissed = {"PrevHwcFrameMissed",
                                                 mHadDeviceComposition && frameMissed};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 61bd020..90ac856 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -1199,6 +1199,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
 
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedPresentTime = 0;
+    nsecs_t mScheduledPresentTime = 0;
     hal::Vsync mHWCVsyncPendingState = hal::Vsync::DISABLE;
 
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
index d4cd11d..5e5d51c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncPredictorTest.cpp
@@ -450,6 +450,20 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(intercept, Eq(0));
 }
 
+TEST_F(VSyncPredictorTest, InconsistentVsyncValueIsFlushedEventually) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(600));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tracker.needsMoreSamples());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow += mPeriod));
+
+    for (auto i = 0u; i < kMinimumSamplesForPrediction; i++) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(tracker.needsMoreSamples());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(tracker.addVsyncTimestamp(mNow += mPeriod));
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(tracker.needsMoreSamples());
+}
+
 } // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues