diff --git a/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp b/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
index 706704a..4a7bd36 100644
--- a/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
+++ b/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 static uint32_t gNCpus = 0;
 static std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> gPolicyFreqs;
 static std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> gPolicyCpus;
+static std::vector<uint32_t> gCpuIndexMap;
 static std::set<uint32_t> gAllFreqs;
 static unique_fd gTisTotalMapFd;
 static unique_fd gTisMapFd;
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@
         free(dirlist[i]);
     }
     free(dirlist);
-
+    uint32_t max_cpu_number = 0;
     for (const auto &policy : policyFileNames) {
         std::vector<uint32_t> freqs;
         for (const auto &name : {"available", "boost"}) {
@@ -127,8 +128,19 @@
         std::string path = StringPrintf("%s/%s/%s", basepath, policy.c_str(), "related_cpus");
         auto cpus = readNumbersFromFile(path);
         if (!cpus) return false;
+        for (auto cpu : *cpus) {
+            if(cpu > max_cpu_number)
+                max_cpu_number = cpu;
+        }
         gPolicyCpus.emplace_back(*cpus);
     }
+    gCpuIndexMap = std::vector<uint32_t>(max_cpu_number+1, -1);
+    uint32_t cpuorder = 0;
+    for (const auto &cpuList : gPolicyCpus) {
+        for (auto cpu : cpuList) {
+            gCpuIndexMap[cpu] = cpuorder++;
+        }
+    }
 
     gTisTotalMapFd =
             unique_fd{bpf_obj_get(BPF_FS_PATH "map_timeInState_total_time_in_state_map")};
@@ -277,7 +289,7 @@
         for (uint32_t policyIdx = 0; policyIdx < gNPolicies; ++policyIdx) {
             if (freqIdx >= gPolicyFreqs[policyIdx].size()) continue;
             for (const auto &cpu : gPolicyCpus[policyIdx]) {
-                out[policyIdx][freqIdx] += vals[cpu];
+                out[policyIdx][freqIdx] += vals[gCpuIndexMap[cpu]];
             }
         }
     }
@@ -316,7 +328,8 @@
             auto end = nextOffset < gPolicyFreqs[j].size() ? begin + FREQS_PER_ENTRY : out[j].end();
 
             for (const auto &cpu : gPolicyCpus[j]) {
-                std::transform(begin, end, std::begin(vals[cpu].ar), begin, std::plus<uint64_t>());
+                std::transform(begin, end, std::begin(vals[gCpuIndexMap[cpu]].ar), begin,
+                               std::plus<uint64_t>());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -382,7 +395,8 @@
             auto end = nextOffset < gPolicyFreqs[i].size() ? begin + FREQS_PER_ENTRY :
                 map[key.uid][i].end();
             for (const auto &cpu : gPolicyCpus[i]) {
-                std::transform(begin, end, std::begin(vals[cpu].ar), begin, std::plus<uint64_t>());
+                std::transform(begin, end, std::begin(vals[gCpuIndexMap[cpu]].ar), begin,
+                               std::plus<uint64_t>());
             }
         }
         prevKey = key;
@@ -437,8 +451,8 @@
                                                                      : ret.policy[policy].end();
 
             for (const auto &cpu : gPolicyCpus[policy]) {
-                std::transform(policyBegin, policyEnd, std::begin(vals[cpu].policy), policyBegin,
-                               std::plus<uint64_t>());
+                std::transform(policyBegin, policyEnd, std::begin(vals[gCpuIndexMap[cpu]].policy),
+                               policyBegin, std::plus<uint64_t>());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -506,8 +520,8 @@
                                                                 : ret[key.uid].policy[policy].end();
 
             for (const auto &cpu : gPolicyCpus[policy]) {
-                std::transform(policyBegin, policyEnd, std::begin(vals[cpu].policy), policyBegin,
-                               std::plus<uint64_t>());
+                std::transform(policyBegin, policyEnd, std::begin(vals[gCpuIndexMap[cpu]].policy),
+                               policyBegin, std::plus<uint64_t>());
             }
         }
     } while (prevKey = key, !getNextMapKey(gConcurrentMapFd, &prevKey, &key));
@@ -640,7 +654,7 @@
                 auto end = nextOffset < gPolicyFreqs[j].size() ? begin + FREQS_PER_ENTRY
                                                                : map[key.aggregation_key][j].end();
                 for (const auto &cpu : gPolicyCpus[j]) {
-                    std::transform(begin, end, std::begin(vals[cpu].ar), begin,
+                    std::transform(begin, end, std::begin(vals[gCpuIndexMap[cpu]].ar), begin,
                                    std::plus<uint64_t>());
                 }
             }
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegr.h b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegr.h
index 88038f1..00b66ae 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegr.h
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/jpegr.h
@@ -373,14 +373,41 @@
                      jr_uncompressed_ptr dest);
 
     /*
-     * This method will check the validity of the input images.
+     * This method will check the validity of the input arguments.
      *
      * @param uncompressed_p010_image uncompressed HDR image in P010 color format
      * @param uncompressed_yuv_420_image uncompressed SDR image in YUV_420 color format
-     * @return NO_ERROR if the input images are valid, error code is not valid.
+     * @param hdr_tf transfer function of the HDR image
+     * @param dest destination of the compressed JPEGR image. Please note that {@code maxLength}
+     *             represents the maximum available size of the desitination buffer, and it must be
+     *             set before calling this method. If the encoded JPEGR size exceeds
+     *             {@code maxLength}, this method will return {@code ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL}.
+     * @return NO_ERROR if the input args are valid, error code is not valid.
      */
-    status_t areInputImagesValid(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
-                                 jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image);
+     status_t areInputArgumentsValid(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
+                                     jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
+                                     ultrahdr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
+                                     jr_compressed_ptr dest);
+
+    /*
+     * This method will check the validity of the input arguments.
+     *
+     * @param uncompressed_p010_image uncompressed HDR image in P010 color format
+     * @param uncompressed_yuv_420_image uncompressed SDR image in YUV_420 color format
+     * @param hdr_tf transfer function of the HDR image
+     * @param dest destination of the compressed JPEGR image. Please note that {@code maxLength}
+     *             represents the maximum available size of the desitination buffer, and it must be
+     *             set before calling this method. If the encoded JPEGR size exceeds
+     *             {@code maxLength}, this method will return {@code ERROR_JPEGR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL}.
+     * @param quality target quality of the JPEG encoding, must be in range of 0-100 where 100 is
+     *                the highest quality
+     * @return NO_ERROR if the input args are valid, error code is not valid.
+     */
+     status_t areInputArgumentsValid(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
+                                     jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
+                                     ultrahdr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
+                                     jr_compressed_ptr dest,
+                                     int quality);
 };
 
 } // namespace android::ultrahdr
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h
index f970936..e87a025 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/include/ultrahdr/ultrahdr.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
   ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT709,
   ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_P3,
   ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100,
+  ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX = ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100,
 } ultrahdr_color_gamut;
 
 // Transfer functions for image data
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
   ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG = 1,
   ULTRAHDR_TF_PQ = 2,
   ULTRAHDR_TF_SRGB = 3,
+  ULTRAHDR_TF_MAX = ULTRAHDR_TF_SRGB,
 } ultrahdr_transfer_function;
 
 // Target output formats for decoder
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
index cb8197c..da25726 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/jpegr.cpp
@@ -89,23 +89,69 @@
   return cpuCoreCount;
 }
 
-status_t JpegR::areInputImagesValid(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
-                                    jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image) {
-  if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr) {
+status_t JpegR::areInputArgumentsValid(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
+                                       jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
+                                       ultrahdr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
+                                       jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr || uncompressed_p010_image->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for uncompressed p010 image");
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->width % 2 != 0
+          || uncompressed_p010_image->height % 2 != 0) {
+    ALOGE("Image dimensions cannot be odd, image dimensions %dx%d",
+          uncompressed_p010_image->width, uncompressed_p010_image->height);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->width == 0
+          || uncompressed_p010_image->height == 0) {
+    ALOGE("Image dimensions cannot be zero, image dimensions %dx%d",
+          uncompressed_p010_image->width, uncompressed_p010_image->height);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->colorGamut <= ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED
+          || uncompressed_p010_image->colorGamut > ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX) {
+    ALOGE("Unrecognized p010 color gamut %d", uncompressed_p010_image->colorGamut);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
   if (uncompressed_p010_image->luma_stride != 0
           && uncompressed_p010_image->luma_stride < uncompressed_p010_image->width) {
-    ALOGE("Image stride can not be smaller than width, stride=%d, width=%d",
+    ALOGE("Luma stride can not be smaller than width, stride=%d, width=%d",
                 uncompressed_p010_image->luma_stride, uncompressed_p010_image->width);
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_p010_image->chroma_data != nullptr
+          && uncompressed_p010_image->chroma_stride < uncompressed_p010_image->width) {
+    ALOGE("Chroma stride can not be smaller than width, stride=%d, width=%d",
+          uncompressed_p010_image->chroma_stride,
+          uncompressed_p010_image->width);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  if (dest == nullptr || dest->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for destination");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
+  if (hdr_tf <= ULTRAHDR_TF_UNSPECIFIED || hdr_tf > ULTRAHDR_TF_MAX) {
+    ALOGE("Invalid hdr transfer function %d", hdr_tf);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
   if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr) {
     return NO_ERROR;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for uncompressed 420 image");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
   if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image->luma_stride != 0) {
     ALOGE("Stride is not supported for YUV420 image");
     return ERROR_JPEGR_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE;
@@ -127,6 +173,30 @@
     return ERROR_JPEGR_RESOLUTION_MISMATCH;
   }
 
+  if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut <= ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED
+          || uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut > ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX) {
+    ALOGE("Unrecognized 420 color gamut %d", uncompressed_yuv_420_image->colorGamut);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t JpegR::areInputArgumentsValid(jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_p010_image,
+                                       jr_uncompressed_ptr uncompressed_yuv_420_image,
+                                       ultrahdr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
+                                       jr_compressed_ptr dest,
+                                       int quality) {
+  if (status_t ret = areInputArgumentsValid(
+          uncompressed_p010_image, uncompressed_yuv_420_image, hdr_tf, dest) != NO_ERROR) {
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  if (quality < 0 || quality > 100) {
+    ALOGE("quality factor is out side range [0-100], quality factor : %d", quality);
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  }
+
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -136,19 +206,17 @@
                             jr_compressed_ptr dest,
                             int quality,
                             jr_exif_ptr exif) {
-  if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr || dest == nullptr) {
-    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
-  }
-
-  if (quality < 0 || quality > 100) {
-    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
-  }
-
-  if (status_t ret = areInputImagesValid(
-          uncompressed_p010_image, /* uncompressed_yuv_420_image */ nullptr) != NO_ERROR) {
+  if (status_t ret = areInputArgumentsValid(
+          uncompressed_p010_image, /* uncompressed_yuv_420_image */ nullptr,
+          hdr_tf, dest, quality) != NO_ERROR) {
     return ret;
   }
 
+  if (exif != nullptr && exif->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for exif metadata");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
   ultrahdr_metadata_struct metadata;
   metadata.version = kJpegrVersion;
 
@@ -201,18 +269,19 @@
                             jr_compressed_ptr dest,
                             int quality,
                             jr_exif_ptr exif) {
-  if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr
-   || uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr
-   || dest == nullptr) {
+  if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for uncompressed 420 image");
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  if (quality < 0 || quality > 100) {
-    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_INPUT_TYPE;
+  if (exif != nullptr && exif->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for exif metadata");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  if (status_t ret = areInputImagesValid(
-          uncompressed_p010_image, uncompressed_yuv_420_image) != NO_ERROR) {
+  if (status_t ret = areInputArgumentsValid(
+          uncompressed_p010_image, uncompressed_yuv_420_image, hdr_tf,
+          dest, quality) != NO_ERROR) {
     return ret;
   }
 
@@ -256,15 +325,18 @@
                             jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
                             ultrahdr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                             jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
-  if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr
-   || uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr
-   || compressed_jpeg_image == nullptr
-   || dest == nullptr) {
+  if (uncompressed_yuv_420_image == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for uncompressed 420 image");
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  if (status_t ret = areInputImagesValid(
-          uncompressed_p010_image, uncompressed_yuv_420_image) != NO_ERROR) {
+  if (compressed_jpeg_image == nullptr || compressed_jpeg_image->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for compressed jpeg image");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
+  if (status_t ret = areInputArgumentsValid(
+          uncompressed_p010_image, uncompressed_yuv_420_image, hdr_tf, dest) != NO_ERROR) {
     return ret;
   }
 
@@ -293,14 +365,14 @@
                             jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpeg_image,
                             ultrahdr_transfer_function hdr_tf,
                             jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
-  if (uncompressed_p010_image == nullptr
-   || compressed_jpeg_image == nullptr
-   || dest == nullptr) {
+  if (compressed_jpeg_image == nullptr || compressed_jpeg_image->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for compressed jpeg image");
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
-  if (status_t ret = areInputImagesValid(
-          uncompressed_p010_image, /* uncompressed_yuv_420_image */ nullptr) != NO_ERROR) {
+  if (status_t ret = areInputArgumentsValid(
+          uncompressed_p010_image, /* uncompressed_yuv_420_image */ nullptr,
+          hdr_tf, dest) != NO_ERROR) {
     return ret;
   }
 
@@ -344,13 +416,34 @@
                             jr_compressed_ptr compressed_gainmap,
                             ultrahdr_metadata_ptr metadata,
                             jr_compressed_ptr dest) {
+  if (compressed_jpeg_image == nullptr || compressed_jpeg_image->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for compressed jpeg image");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
+  if (compressed_gainmap == nullptr || compressed_gainmap->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for compressed gain map");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
+  if (dest == nullptr || dest->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for destination");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
   JPEGR_CHECK(appendGainMap(compressed_jpeg_image, compressed_gainmap, /* exif */ nullptr,
           metadata, dest));
   return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t JpegR::getJPEGRInfo(jr_compressed_ptr compressed_jpegr_image, jr_info_ptr jpegr_info) {
-  if (compressed_jpegr_image == nullptr || jpegr_info == nullptr) {
+  if (compressed_jpegr_image == nullptr || compressed_jpegr_image->data == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for compressed jpegr image");
+    return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
+  }
+
+  if (jpegr_info == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("received nullptr for compressed jpegr info struct");
     return ERROR_JPEGR_INVALID_NULL_PTR;
   }
 
diff --git a/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp b/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp
index 58cd8f4..ac35887 100644
--- a/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ultrahdr/tests/jpegr_test.cpp
@@ -178,6 +178,597 @@
   jpegRCodec.decodeJPEGR(nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 
+/* Test Encode API-0 invalid arguments */
+TEST_F(JpegRTest, encodeAPI0ForInvalidArgs) {
+  int ret;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  jpegr_compressed_struct jpegR;
+  jpegR.maxLength = 16 * sizeof(uint8_t);
+  jpegR.data = malloc(jpegR.maxLength);
+
+  JpegR jpegRCodec;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.data = malloc(16);
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+
+  // test quality factor
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      -1, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad jpeg quality factor";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      101, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad jpeg quality factor";
+
+  // test hdr transfer function
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_UNSPECIFIED, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride,
+      static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_MAX + 1),
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride,
+      static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(-10),
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  // test dest
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, nullptr,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr dest";
+
+  // test p010 input
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      nullptr, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr p010 image";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = static_cast<ultrahdr_color_gamut>(
+      ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX + 1);
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 1;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT - 1;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = 0;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad luma stride";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_data = mRawP010ImageWithStride.data;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad chroma stride";
+
+  free(jpegR.data);
+}
+
+/* Test Encode API-1 invalid arguments */
+TEST_F(JpegRTest, encodeAPI1ForInvalidArgs) {
+  int ret;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  jpegr_compressed_struct jpegR;
+  jpegR.maxLength = 16 * sizeof(uint8_t);
+  jpegR.data = malloc(jpegR.maxLength);
+
+  JpegR jpegRCodec;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.data = malloc(16);
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  mRawYuv420Image.data = malloc(16);
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT709;
+
+  // test quality factor
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, -1, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad jpeg quality factor";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, 101, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad jpeg quality factor";
+
+  // test hdr transfer function
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_UNSPECIFIED, &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY,
+      nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image,
+      static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_MAX + 1),
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image,
+      static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(-10),
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  // test dest
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      nullptr, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr dest";
+
+  // test p010 input
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      nullptr, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr p010 image";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = static_cast<ultrahdr_color_gamut>(
+      ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX + 1);
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 1;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT - 1;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = 0;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad luma stride";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_data = mRawP010ImageWithStride.data;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad chroma stride";
+
+  // test 420 input
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_data = nullptr;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_stride = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, nullptr, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR,
+      DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr for 420 image";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 image width";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 image height";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad luma stride for 420";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.luma_stride = 0;
+  mRawYuv420Image.chroma_data = mRawYuv420Image.data;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows chroma pointer for 420";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.luma_stride = 0;
+  mRawYuv420Image.chroma_data = nullptr;
+  mRawYuv420Image.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 color gamut";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.colorGamut = static_cast<ultrahdr_color_gamut>(
+      ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX + 1);
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR, DEFAULT_JPEG_QUALITY, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 color gamut";
+
+  free(jpegR.data);
+}
+
+/* Test Encode API-2 invalid arguments */
+TEST_F(JpegRTest, encodeAPI2ForInvalidArgs) {
+  int ret;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  jpegr_compressed_struct jpegR;
+  jpegR.maxLength = 16 * sizeof(uint8_t);
+  jpegR.data = malloc(jpegR.maxLength);
+
+  JpegR jpegRCodec;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.data = malloc(16);
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  mRawYuv420Image.data = malloc(16);
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT709;
+
+  // test hdr transfer function
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_UNSPECIFIED,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_MAX + 1),
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(-10),
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  // test dest
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr dest";
+
+  // test p010 input
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      nullptr, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows nullptr p010 image";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = static_cast<ultrahdr_color_gamut>(
+      ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX + 1);
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 1;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT - 1;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = 0;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG, &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad luma stride";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_data = mRawP010ImageWithStride.data;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad chroma stride";
+
+  // test 420 input
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_data = nullptr;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_stride = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, nullptr, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows nullptr for 420 image";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 image width";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 image height";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad luma stride for 420";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.luma_stride = 0;
+  mRawYuv420Image.chroma_data = mRawYuv420Image.data;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows chroma pointer for 420";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawYuv420Image.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawYuv420Image.luma_stride = 0;
+  mRawYuv420Image.chroma_data = nullptr;
+  mRawYuv420Image.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 color gamut";
+
+  mRawYuv420Image.colorGamut = static_cast<ultrahdr_color_gamut>(
+      ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX + 1);
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, &jpegR,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 color gamut";
+
+  // bad compressed image
+  mRawYuv420Image.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT709;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &mRawYuv420Image, nullptr,
+      ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 color gamut";
+
+  free(jpegR.data);
+}
+
+/* Test Encode API-3 invalid arguments */
+TEST_F(JpegRTest, encodeAPI3ForInvalidArgs) {
+  int ret;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  jpegr_compressed_struct jpegR;
+  jpegR.maxLength = 16 * sizeof(uint8_t);
+  jpegR.data = malloc(jpegR.maxLength);
+
+  JpegR jpegRCodec;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.data = malloc(16);
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+
+  // test hdr transfer function
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_UNSPECIFIED,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR,
+      static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_MAX + 1),
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, static_cast<ultrahdr_transfer_function>(-10),
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad hdr transfer function";
+
+  // test dest
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr dest";
+
+  // test p010 input
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      nullptr, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows nullptr p010 image";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_UNSPECIFIED;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = static_cast<ultrahdr_color_gamut>(
+      ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_MAX + 1);
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad p010 color gamut";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 1;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.colorGamut = ultrahdr_color_gamut::ULTRAHDR_COLORGAMUT_BT2100;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT - 1;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = 0;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image width";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad image height";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad luma stride";
+
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.width = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.height = TEST_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.luma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_STRIDE;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_data = mRawP010ImageWithStride.data;
+  mRawP010ImageWithStride.chroma_stride = TEST_IMAGE_WIDTH - 2;
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, &jpegR, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad chroma stride";
+
+  // bad compressed image
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &mRawP010ImageWithStride, nullptr, ultrahdr_transfer_function::ULTRAHDR_TF_HLG,
+      &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows bad 420 color gamut";
+
+  free(jpegR.data);
+}
+
+/* Test Encode API-4 invalid arguments */
+TEST_F(JpegRTest, encodeAPI4ForInvalidArgs) {
+  int ret;
+
+  // we are not really compressing anything so lets keep allocs to a minimum
+  jpegr_compressed_struct jpegR;
+  jpegR.maxLength = 16 * sizeof(uint8_t);
+  jpegR.data = malloc(jpegR.maxLength);
+
+  JpegR jpegRCodec;
+
+  // test dest
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &jpegR, &jpegR, nullptr, nullptr)) << "fail, API allows nullptr dest";
+
+  // test primary image
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      nullptr, &jpegR, nullptr, &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows nullptr primary image";
+
+  // test gain map
+  EXPECT_NE(OK, jpegRCodec.encodeJPEGR(
+      &jpegR, nullptr, nullptr, &jpegR)) << "fail, API allows nullptr gainmap image";
+
+  free(jpegR.data);
+}
+
 TEST_F(JpegRTest, writeXmpThenRead) {
   ultrahdr_metadata_struct metadata_expected;
   metadata_expected.version = "1.0";
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 9125fe4..bdd45dc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -2561,9 +2561,17 @@
         std::vector<TouchedWindow> hoveringWindows =
                 getHoveringWindowsLocked(oldState, tempTouchState, entry);
         for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : hoveringWindows) {
-            addWindowTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.targetFlags,
-                                  touchedWindow.pointerIds, touchedWindow.firstDownTimeInTarget,
-                                  targets);
+            std::optional<InputTarget> target =
+                    createInputTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.targetFlags,
+                                            touchedWindow.firstDownTimeInTarget);
+            if (!target) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Hardcode to single hovering pointer for now.
+            std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
+            pointerIds.set(entry.pointerProperties[0].id);
+            target->addPointers(pointerIds, touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->transform);
+            targets.push_back(*target);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
index c8c5115..0a64a1c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
@@ -482,8 +482,8 @@
     }
 
     if (keyboardSource != 0) {
-        mappers.push_back(std::make_unique<KeyboardInputMapper>(contextPtr, readerConfig,
-                                                                keyboardSource, keyboardType));
+        mappers.push_back(createInputMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(contextPtr, readerConfig,
+                                                                 keyboardSource, keyboardType));
     }
 
     // Cursor-like devices.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
index bd27383..cd3d3c4 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@
 
 class KeyboardInputMapper : public InputMapper {
 public:
-    KeyboardInputMapper(InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
-                        const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig, uint32_t source,
-                        int32_t keyboardType);
+    template <class T, class... Args>
+    friend std::unique_ptr<T> createInputMapper(InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
+                                                const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig,
+                                                Args... args);
     ~KeyboardInputMapper() override = default;
 
     uint32_t getSources() const override;
@@ -82,6 +83,9 @@
         bool doNotWakeByDefault{};
     } mParameters{};
 
+    KeyboardInputMapper(InputDeviceContext& deviceContext,
+                        const InputReaderConfiguration& readerConfig, uint32_t source,
+                        int32_t keyboardType);
     void configureParameters();
     void dumpParameters(std::string& dump) const;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index 3f2658a..017f10b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -6592,6 +6592,29 @@
     consumeMotionEvent(mWindow1, ACTION_MOVE, {{150, 150}});
 }
 
+/**
+ * When hover starts in one window and continues into the other, there should be a HOVER_EXIT and
+ * a HOVER_ENTER generated, even if the windows have the same token. This is because the new window
+ * that the pointer is hovering over may have a different transform.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowSameTokenTests, HoverIntoClone) {
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow1, mWindow2}}});
+
+    // Start hover in window 1
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                                 ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{50, 50}}));
+    consumeMotionEvent(mWindow1, ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
+                       {getPointInWindow(mWindow1->getInfo(), PointF{50, 50})});
+
+    // Move hover to window 2.
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(generateMotionArgs(ACTION_HOVER_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                                 ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {{150, 150}}));
+
+    consumeMotionEvent(mWindow1, ACTION_HOVER_EXIT, {{50, 50}});
+    consumeMotionEvent(mWindow1, ACTION_HOVER_ENTER,
+                       {getPointInWindow(mWindow2->getInfo(), PointF{150, 150})});
+}
+
 class InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr : public InputDispatcherTest {
     virtual void SetUp() override {
         InputDispatcherTest::SetUp();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index 9fbe762..bfb371f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -2892,7 +2892,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, GetSources) {
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD, mapper.getSources());
@@ -2908,7 +2908,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, 0, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, POLICY_FLAG_WAKE);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     // Initial metastate is AMETA_NONE.
     ASSERT_EQ(AMETA_NONE, mapper.getMetaState());
@@ -3009,7 +3009,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKeyRemapping(EVENTHUB_ID, AKEYCODE_A, AKEYCODE_B);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     // Key down by scan code.
@@ -3031,7 +3031,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_HOME, 0, AKEYCODE_HOME, POLICY_FLAG_WAKE);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     NotifyKeyArgs args;
 
@@ -3054,7 +3054,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, 0, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     // Initial metastate is AMETA_NONE.
@@ -3095,7 +3095,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_LEFT, 0, AKEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     prepareDisplay(ui::ROTATION_90);
@@ -3117,7 +3117,7 @@
 
     addConfigurationProperty("keyboard.orientationAware", "1");
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     prepareDisplay(ui::ROTATION_0);
@@ -3189,7 +3189,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_UP, 0, AKEYCODE_DPAD_UP, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     NotifyKeyArgs args;
 
@@ -3215,7 +3215,7 @@
 
     addConfigurationProperty("keyboard.orientationAware", "1");
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     NotifyKeyArgs args;
 
@@ -3243,7 +3243,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, GetKeyCodeState) {
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     mFakeEventHub->setKeyCodeState(EVENTHUB_ID, AKEYCODE_A, 1);
@@ -3255,7 +3255,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, GetKeyCodeForKeyLocation) {
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     mFakeEventHub->addKeyCodeMapping(EVENTHUB_ID, AKEYCODE_Y, AKEYCODE_Z);
@@ -3268,7 +3268,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, GetScanCodeState) {
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     mFakeEventHub->setScanCodeState(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_A, 1);
@@ -3280,7 +3280,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, MarkSupportedKeyCodes) {
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_A, 0, AKEYCODE_A, 0);
@@ -3300,7 +3300,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     // Initial metastate is AMETA_NONE.
     ASSERT_EQ(AMETA_NONE, mapper.getMetaState());
@@ -3366,7 +3366,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_Y, 0, AKEYCODE_BUTTON_Y, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC);
 
     // Meta state should be AMETA_NONE after reset
@@ -3416,14 +3416,16 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_LEFT, 0, AKEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
+    device2->addEmptyEventHubDevice(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID);
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper2 =
-            device2->addMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID,
-                                                    mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                                    AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
-                                                    AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
+            device2->constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID,
+                                                                mFakePolicy
+                                                                        ->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                                                                AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                                                                AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
                                /*changes=*/{});
@@ -3485,7 +3487,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     // Initial metastate is AMETA_NONE.
     ASSERT_EQ(AMETA_NONE, mapper.getMetaState());
@@ -3531,11 +3533,13 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_NUMLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_NUM_LOCK, 0);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
 
+    device2->addEmptyEventHubDevice(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID);
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper2 =
-            device2->addMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID,
-                                                    mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                                    AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
-                                                    AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
+            device2->constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID,
+                                                                mFakePolicy
+                                                                        ->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                                                                AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                                                                AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
                                /*changes=*/{});
@@ -3554,10 +3558,10 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
 
     // Suppose we have two mappers. (DPAD + KEYBOARD)
-    addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_DPAD,
+    constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_DPAD,
                                                AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC);
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     // Initial metastate is AMETA_NONE.
     ASSERT_EQ(AMETA_NONE, mapper.getMetaState());
@@ -3576,7 +3580,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper1 =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     // keyboard 2.
@@ -3594,11 +3598,13 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_NUMLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_NUM_LOCK, 0);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
 
+    device2->addEmptyEventHubDevice(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID);
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper2 =
-            device2->addMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID,
-                                                    mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                                    AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
-                                                    AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
+            device2->constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(SECOND_EVENTHUB_ID,
+                                                                mFakePolicy
+                                                                        ->getReaderConfiguration(),
+                                                                AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                                                                AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             device2->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
                                /*changes=*/{});
@@ -3654,7 +3660,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, 0, USAGE_A, AKEYCODE_A, POLICY_FLAG_WAKE);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     // Key down by scan code.
     process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, KEY_HOME, 1);
@@ -3680,9 +3686,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, Configure_AssignKeyboardLayoutInfo) {
-    mDevice->addMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(EVENTHUB_ID, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
-                                            AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
-                                            AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
+    constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                                               AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused =
             mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, mFakePolicy->getReaderConfiguration(),
                                /*changes=*/{});
@@ -3713,7 +3718,7 @@
                                     RawLayoutInfo{.languageTag = "en", .layoutType = "extended"});
 
     // Configuration
-    addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+    constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
     InputReaderConfiguration config;
     std::list<NotifyArgs> unused = mDevice->configure(ARBITRARY_TIME, config, /*changes=*/{});
@@ -3739,7 +3744,7 @@
                           POLICY_FLAG_WAKE);
 
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, KEY_HOME, 1);
@@ -3777,7 +3782,7 @@
 
     addConfigurationProperty("keyboard.doNotWakeByDefault", "1");
     KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
-            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+            constructAndAddMapper<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
                                                        AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
 
     process(mapper, ARBITRARY_TIME, READ_TIME, EV_KEY, KEY_HOME, 1);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.cpp
index a15de2b..6ddf790 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.cpp
@@ -28,29 +28,19 @@
 ANDROID_SINGLETON_STATIC_INSTANCE(BackgroundExecutor);
 
 BackgroundExecutor::BackgroundExecutor() : Singleton<BackgroundExecutor>() {
+    // mSemaphore must be initialized before any calls to
+    // BackgroundExecutor::sendCallbacks. For this reason, we initialize it
+    // within the constructor instead of within mThread.
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(sem_init(&mSemaphore, 0, 0), "sem_init failed");
     mThread = std::thread([&]() {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(sem_init(&mSemaphore, 0, 0), "sem_init failed");
         while (!mDone) {
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(sem_wait(&mSemaphore), "sem_wait failed (%d)", errno);
-
-            ftl::SmallVector<Work*, 10> workItems;
-
-            Work* work = mWorks.pop();
-            while (work) {
-                workItems.push_back(work);
-                work = mWorks.pop();
+            auto callbacks = mCallbacksQueue.pop();
+            if (!callbacks) {
+                continue;
             }
-
-            // Sequence numbers are guaranteed to be in intended order, as we assume a single
-            // producer and single consumer.
-            std::stable_sort(workItems.begin(), workItems.end(), [](Work* left, Work* right) {
-                return left->sequence < right->sequence;
-            });
-            for (Work* work : workItems) {
-                for (auto& task : work->tasks) {
-                    task();
-                }
-                delete work;
+            for (auto& callback : *callbacks) {
+                callback();
             }
         }
     });
@@ -66,12 +56,8 @@
 }
 
 void BackgroundExecutor::sendCallbacks(Callbacks&& tasks) {
-    Work* work = new Work();
-    work->sequence = mSequence;
-    work->tasks = std::move(tasks);
-    mWorks.push(work);
-    mSequence++;
+    mCallbacksQueue.push(std::move(tasks));
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(sem_post(&mSemaphore), "sem_post failed");
 }
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.h
index eeaf3bd..0fae5a5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.h
@@ -16,15 +16,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <Tracing/LocklessStack.h>
-#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <ftl/small_vector.h>
 #include <semaphore.h>
 #include <utils/Singleton.h>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <queue>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include "LocklessQueue.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 // Executes tasks off the main thread.
@@ -34,24 +32,14 @@
     ~BackgroundExecutor();
     using Callbacks = ftl::SmallVector<std::function<void()>, 10>;
     // Queues callbacks onto a work queue to be executed by a background thread.
-    // Note that this is not thread-safe - a single producer is assumed.
+    // This is safe to call from multiple threads.
     void sendCallbacks(Callbacks&& tasks);
 
 private:
     sem_t mSemaphore;
     std::atomic_bool mDone = false;
 
-    // Sequence number for work items.
-    // Work items are batched by sequence number. Work items for earlier sequence numbers are
-    // executed first. Work items with the same sequence number are executed in the same order they
-    // were added to the stack (meaning the stack must reverse the order after popping from the
-    // queue)
-    int32_t mSequence = 0;
-    struct Work {
-        int32_t sequence = 0;
-        Callbacks tasks;
-    };
-    LocklessStack<Work> mWorks;
+    LocklessQueue<Callbacks> mCallbacksQueue;
     std::thread mThread;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 5d96fc4..b1d4b3c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -2674,12 +2674,15 @@
 
     mTimeStats->recordFrameDuration(frameTime.ns(), systemTime());
 
-    // Send a power hint hint after presentation is finished
+    // Send a power hint after presentation is finished.
     if (mPowerHintSessionEnabled) {
-        const nsecs_t pastPresentTime =
-                getPreviousPresentFence(frameTime, vsyncPeriod)->getSignalTime();
+        // Now that the current frame has been presented above, PowerAdvisor needs the present time
+        // of the previous frame (whose fence is signaled by now) to determine how long the HWC had
+        // waited on that fence to retire before presenting.
+        const auto& previousPresentFence = mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime;
 
-        mPowerAdvisor->setSfPresentTiming(TimePoint::fromNs(pastPresentTime), TimePoint::now());
+        mPowerAdvisor->setSfPresentTiming(TimePoint::fromNs(previousPresentFence->getSignalTime()),
+                                          TimePoint::now());
         mPowerAdvisor->reportActualWorkDuration();
     }
 
@@ -7046,9 +7049,9 @@
     }
 
     RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = ftl::defer([=] {
-        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, args.sourceCrop, reqSize,
-                                         ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, args.useIdentityTransform,
-                                         args.hintForSeamlessTransition, args.captureSecureLayers);
+        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, args.sourceCrop, reqSize, args.dataspace,
+                                         args.useIdentityTransform, args.hintForSeamlessTransition,
+                                         args.captureSecureLayers);
     });
 
     GetLayerSnapshotsFunction getLayerSnapshots;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 70f8a83..881b362 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
         ":libsurfaceflinger_sources",
         "libsurfaceflinger_unittest_main.cpp",
         "ActiveDisplayRotationFlagsTest.cpp",
+        "BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp",
         "CompositionTest.cpp",
         "DisplayIdGeneratorTest.cpp",
         "DisplayTransactionTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5413bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/BackgroundExecutorTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+
+#include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class BackgroundExecutorTest : public testing::Test {};
+
+namespace {
+
+TEST_F(BackgroundExecutorTest, singleProducer) {
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable condition_variable;
+    bool backgroundTaskComplete = false;
+
+    BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().sendCallbacks(
+            {[&mutex, &condition_variable, &backgroundTaskComplete]() {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{mutex};
+                condition_variable.notify_one();
+                backgroundTaskComplete = true;
+            }});
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mutex};
+    condition_variable.wait(lock, [&backgroundTaskComplete]() { return backgroundTaskComplete; });
+    ASSERT_TRUE(backgroundTaskComplete);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BackgroundExecutorTest, multipleProducers) {
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable condition_variable;
+    const int backgroundTaskCount = 10;
+    int backgroundTaskCompleteCount = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < backgroundTaskCount; i++) {
+        std::thread([&mutex, &condition_variable, &backgroundTaskCompleteCount]() {
+            BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().sendCallbacks(
+                    {[&mutex, &condition_variable, &backgroundTaskCompleteCount]() {
+                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{mutex};
+                        backgroundTaskCompleteCount++;
+                        if (backgroundTaskCompleteCount == backgroundTaskCount) {
+                            condition_variable.notify_one();
+                        }
+                    }});
+        }).detach();
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mutex};
+    condition_variable.wait(lock, [&backgroundTaskCompleteCount]() {
+        return backgroundTaskCompleteCount == backgroundTaskCount;
+    });
+    ASSERT_EQ(backgroundTaskCount, backgroundTaskCompleteCount);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace android