diff --git a/PREUPLOAD.cfg b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
index 7ef26bf..6d837c2 100644
--- a/PREUPLOAD.cfg
+++ b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
                services/vibratorservice/
                services/vr/
                vulkan/
+bpfmt = -d
 
 [Hook Scripts]
 owners_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/frameworks/base/tools/aosp/aosp_sha.sh ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT} "OWNERS$"
diff --git a/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp b/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp
index 6459443..bb1d206 100644
--- a/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp
+++ b/cmds/atrace/atrace.cpp
@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@
         { OPT,      "events/kmem/ion_heap_shrink/enable" },
         { OPT,      "events/ion/ion_stat/enable" },
         { OPT,      "events/gpu_mem/gpu_mem_total/enable" },
+        { OPT,      "events/fastrpc/fastrpc_dma_stat/enable" },
     } },
     { "thermal",  "Thermal event", 0, {
         { REQ,      "events/thermal/thermal_temperature/enable" },
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
index 94c4c8c..2935c6a 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "installd"
 #endif
 
-// #define GRANULAR_LOCKS
+#define GRANULAR_LOCKS
 
 using android::base::ParseUint;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::freeCache(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
-        int64_t targetFreeBytes, int64_t cacheReservedBytes, int32_t flags) {
+        int64_t targetFreeBytes, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
 #ifndef GRANULAR_LOCKS
@@ -1688,12 +1688,6 @@
                 break;
             }
 
-            // Only keep clearing when we haven't pushed into reserved area
-            if (cacheReservedBytes > 0 && cleared >= (cacheTotal - cacheReservedBytes)) {
-                LOG(DEBUG) << "Refusing to clear cached data in reserved space";
-                break;
-            }
-
             // Find the best tracker to work with; this might involve swapping
             // if the active tracker is no longer the most over quota
             bool nextBetter = active && !queue.empty()
@@ -2644,22 +2638,20 @@
         const char* default_value = nullptr) {
     return data ? data->c_str() : default_value;
 }
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::dexopt(const std::string& apkPath, int32_t uid,
-        const std::optional<std::string>& packageName, const std::string& instructionSet,
-        int32_t dexoptNeeded, const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::dexopt(
+        const std::string& apkPath, int32_t uid, const std::string& packageName,
+        const std::string& instructionSet, int32_t dexoptNeeded,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
         const std::string& compilerFilter, const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::optional<std::string>& classLoaderContext,
         const std::optional<std::string>& seInfo, bool downgrade, int32_t targetSdkVersion,
         const std::optional<std::string>& profileName,
         const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadataPath,
-        const std::optional<std::string>& compilationReason,
-        bool* aidl_return) {
+        const std::optional<std::string>& compilationReason, bool* aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(apkPath);
-    if (packageName && *packageName != "*") {
-        CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(*packageName);
-    }
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(outputPath);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(dexMetadataPath);
     const auto userId = multiuser_get_user_id(uid);
@@ -2667,13 +2659,13 @@
 
     const char* oat_dir = getCStr(outputPath);
     const char* instruction_set = instructionSet.c_str();
-    if (oat_dir != nullptr && !createOatDir(oat_dir, instruction_set).isOk()) {
+    if (oat_dir != nullptr && !createOatDir(packageName, oat_dir, instruction_set).isOk()) {
         // Can't create oat dir - let dexopt use cache dir.
         oat_dir = nullptr;
     }
 
     const char* apk_path = apkPath.c_str();
-    const char* pkgname = getCStr(packageName, "*");
+    const char* pkgname = packageName.c_str();
     const char* compiler_filter = compilerFilter.c_str();
     const char* volume_uuid = getCStr(uuid);
     const char* class_loader_context = getCStr(classLoaderContext);
@@ -2840,9 +2832,11 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createOatDir(const std::string& oatDir,
-        const std::string& instructionSet) {
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createOatDir(const std::string& packageName,
+                                                   const std::string& oatDir,
+                                                   const std::string& instructionSet) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(oatDir);
     LOCK_PACKAGE();
 
@@ -2866,8 +2860,10 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::rmPackageDir(const std::string& packageDir) {
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::rmPackageDir(const std::string& packageName,
+                                                   const std::string& packageDir) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(packageDir);
     LOCK_PACKAGE();
 
@@ -2880,9 +2876,12 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::linkFile(const std::string& relativePath,
-        const std::string& fromBase, const std::string& toBase) {
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::linkFile(const std::string& packageName,
+                                               const std::string& relativePath,
+                                               const std::string& fromBase,
+                                               const std::string& toBase) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(fromBase);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(toBase);
     LOCK_PACKAGE();
@@ -2910,9 +2909,12 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::moveAb(const std::string& apkPath,
-        const std::string& instructionSet, const std::string& outputPath) {
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::moveAb(const std::string& packageName,
+                                             const std::string& apkPath,
+                                             const std::string& instructionSet,
+                                             const std::string& outputPath) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(apkPath);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(outputPath);
     LOCK_PACKAGE();
@@ -2925,10 +2927,13 @@
     return success ? ok() : error();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::deleteOdex(const std::string& apkPath,
-        const std::string& instructionSet, const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath,
-        int64_t* _aidl_return) {
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::deleteOdex(const std::string& packageName,
+                                                 const std::string& apkPath,
+                                                 const std::string& instructionSet,
+                                                 const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath,
+                                                 int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(apkPath);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(outputPath);
     LOCK_PACKAGE();
@@ -2960,9 +2965,12 @@
 
 #endif
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::installApkVerity(const std::string& filePath,
-        android::base::unique_fd verityInputAshmem, int32_t contentSize) {
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::installApkVerity(const std::string& packageName,
+                                                       const std::string& filePath,
+                                                       android::base::unique_fd verityInputAshmem,
+                                                       int32_t contentSize) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(filePath);
     LOCK_PACKAGE();
 
@@ -3042,9 +3050,11 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::assertFsverityRootHashMatches(const std::string& filePath,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::assertFsverityRootHashMatches(
+        const std::string& packageName, const std::string& filePath,
         const std::vector<uint8_t>& expectedHash) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(filePath);
     LOCK_PACKAGE();
 
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
index 09581bb..04662ea 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
@@ -119,16 +119,15 @@
             int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo,
             int32_t targetSdkVersion, const std::string& fromCodePath);
 
-    binder::Status dexopt(const std::string& apkPath, int32_t uid,
-            const std::optional<std::string>& packageName, const std::string& instructionSet,
-            int32_t dexoptNeeded, const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
-            const std::string& compilerFilter, const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
-            const std::optional<std::string>& classLoaderContext,
-            const std::optional<std::string>& seInfo, bool downgrade,
-            int32_t targetSdkVersion, const std::optional<std::string>& profileName,
-            const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadataPath,
-            const std::optional<std::string>& compilationReason,
-            bool* aidl_return);
+    binder::Status dexopt(const std::string& apkPath, int32_t uid, const std::string& packageName,
+                          const std::string& instructionSet, int32_t dexoptNeeded,
+                          const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
+                          const std::string& compilerFilter, const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
+                          const std::optional<std::string>& classLoaderContext,
+                          const std::optional<std::string>& seInfo, bool downgrade,
+                          int32_t targetSdkVersion, const std::optional<std::string>& profileName,
+                          const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadataPath,
+                          const std::optional<std::string>& compilationReason, bool* aidl_return);
 
     binder::Status controlDexOptBlocking(bool block);
 
@@ -152,22 +151,25 @@
     binder::Status destroyProfileSnapshot(const std::string& packageName,
             const std::string& profileName);
 
-    binder::Status rmPackageDir(const std::string& packageDir);
+    binder::Status rmPackageDir(const std::string& packageName, const std::string& packageDir);
     binder::Status freeCache(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int64_t targetFreeBytes,
-            int64_t cacheReservedBytes, int32_t flags);
+            int32_t flags);
     binder::Status linkNativeLibraryDirectory(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::string& packageName, const std::string& nativeLibPath32, int32_t userId);
-    binder::Status createOatDir(const std::string& oatDir, const std::string& instructionSet);
-    binder::Status linkFile(const std::string& relativePath, const std::string& fromBase,
-            const std::string& toBase);
-    binder::Status moveAb(const std::string& apkPath, const std::string& instructionSet,
-            const std::string& outputPath);
-    binder::Status deleteOdex(const std::string& apkPath, const std::string& instructionSet,
-            const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int64_t* _aidl_return);
-    binder::Status installApkVerity(const std::string& filePath,
-            android::base::unique_fd verityInput, int32_t contentSize);
-    binder::Status assertFsverityRootHashMatches(const std::string& filePath,
-            const std::vector<uint8_t>& expectedHash);
+    binder::Status createOatDir(const std::string& packageName, const std::string& oatDir,
+                                const std::string& instructionSet);
+    binder::Status linkFile(const std::string& packageName, const std::string& relativePath,
+                            const std::string& fromBase, const std::string& toBase);
+    binder::Status moveAb(const std::string& packageName, const std::string& apkPath,
+                          const std::string& instructionSet, const std::string& outputPath);
+    binder::Status deleteOdex(const std::string& packageName, const std::string& apkPath,
+                              const std::string& instructionSet,
+                              const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int64_t* _aidl_return);
+    binder::Status installApkVerity(const std::string& packageName, const std::string& filePath,
+                                    android::base::unique_fd verityInput, int32_t contentSize);
+    binder::Status assertFsverityRootHashMatches(const std::string& packageName,
+                                                 const std::string& filePath,
+                                                 const std::vector<uint8_t>& expectedHash);
     binder::Status reconcileSecondaryDexFile(const std::string& dexPath,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t uid, const std::vector<std::string>& isa,
         const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid, int32_t storage_flag, bool* _aidl_return);
diff --git a/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl b/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl
index 637a9f2..e024548 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl
+++ b/cmds/installd/binder/android/os/IInstalld.aidl
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
             @utf8InCpp String seInfo, int targetSdkVersion, @utf8InCpp String fromCodePath);
 
     // Returns false if it is cancelled. Returns true if it is completed or have other errors.
-    boolean dexopt(@utf8InCpp String apkPath, int uid, @nullable @utf8InCpp String packageName,
+    boolean dexopt(@utf8InCpp String apkPath, int uid, @utf8InCpp String packageName,
             @utf8InCpp String instructionSet, int dexoptNeeded,
             @nullable @utf8InCpp String outputPath, int dexFlags,
             @utf8InCpp String compilerFilter, @nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid,
@@ -85,21 +85,22 @@
             @utf8InCpp String profileName, @utf8InCpp String classpath);
     void destroyProfileSnapshot(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String profileName);
 
-    void rmPackageDir(@utf8InCpp String packageDir);
-    void freeCache(@nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid, long targetFreeBytes,
-            long cacheReservedBytes, int flags);
+    void rmPackageDir(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String packageDir);
+    void freeCache(@nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid, long targetFreeBytes, int flags);
     void linkNativeLibraryDirectory(@nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid,
             @utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String nativeLibPath32, int userId);
-    void createOatDir(@utf8InCpp String oatDir, @utf8InCpp String instructionSet);
-    void linkFile(@utf8InCpp String relativePath, @utf8InCpp String fromBase,
-            @utf8InCpp String toBase);
-    void moveAb(@utf8InCpp String apkPath, @utf8InCpp String instructionSet,
-            @utf8InCpp String outputPath);
-    long deleteOdex(@utf8InCpp String apkPath, @utf8InCpp String instructionSet,
-            @nullable @utf8InCpp String outputPath);
-    void installApkVerity(@utf8InCpp String filePath, in FileDescriptor verityInput,
-            int contentSize);
-    void assertFsverityRootHashMatches(@utf8InCpp String filePath, in byte[] expectedHash);
+    void createOatDir(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String oatDir,
+            @utf8InCpp String instructionSet);
+    void linkFile(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String relativePath,
+            @utf8InCpp String fromBase, @utf8InCpp String toBase);
+    void moveAb(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String apkPath,
+            @utf8InCpp String instructionSet, @utf8InCpp String outputPath);
+    long deleteOdex(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String apkPath,
+            @utf8InCpp String instructionSet, @nullable @utf8InCpp String outputPath);
+    void installApkVerity(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String filePath,
+            in FileDescriptor verityInput, int contentSize);
+    void assertFsverityRootHashMatches(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String filePath,
+            in byte[] expectedHash);
 
     boolean reconcileSecondaryDexFile(@utf8InCpp String dexPath, @utf8InCpp String pkgName,
         int uid, in @utf8InCpp String[] isas, @nullable @utf8InCpp String volume_uuid,
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp
index 72f5f4b..8a27a06 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/cache/foo/one"));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/cache/foo/two"));
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/normal"));
@@ -154,6 +154,33 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, exists("com.example/cache/foo/two"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(CacheTest, FreeCache_NonAggressive) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "FreeCache_NonAggressive";
+
+    mkdir("com.example");
+    touch("com.example/normal", 1 * kMbInBytes, 60);
+    mkdir("com.example/cache");
+    mkdir("com.example/cache/foo");
+    touch("com.example/cache/foo/one", 65 * kMbInBytes, 60);
+    touch("com.example/cache/foo/two", 2 * kMbInBytes, 120);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/normal"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/cache/foo/one"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/cache/foo/two"));
+
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes, FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/normal"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, exists("com.example/cache/foo/one"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/cache/foo/two"));
+
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes, FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/normal"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, exists("com.example/cache/foo/one"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/cache/foo/two"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(CacheTest, FreeCache_Age) {
     LOG(INFO) << "FreeCache_Age";
 
@@ -163,13 +190,13 @@
     touch("com.example/cache/foo/one", kMbInBytes, 60);
     touch("com.example/cache/foo/two", kMbInBytes, 120);
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, exists("com.example/cache/foo/one"));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, exists("com.example/cache/foo/two"));
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, exists("com.example/cache/foo/one"));
@@ -197,7 +224,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(2 * kMbInBytes, size("com.example/cache/bar/bar1"));
     EXPECT_EQ(2 * kMbInBytes, size("com.example/cache/bar/bar2"));
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, exists("com.example/cache/foo/foo1"));
@@ -219,7 +246,7 @@
 
     setxattr("com.example/cache/foo", "user.cache_group");
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, exists("com.example/cache/foo/foo1"));
@@ -264,7 +291,7 @@
     setxattr("com.example/cache/tomb", "user.cache_tombstone");
     setxattr("com.example/cache/tomb/group", "user.cache_group");
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(kMbInBytes, size("com.example/cache/group/file1"));
@@ -285,7 +312,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, size("com.example/cache/tomb/group/dir/file1"));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, size("com.example/cache/tomb/group/dir/file2"));
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, free() + kKbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, size("com.example/cache/group/file1"));
@@ -306,7 +333,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, size("com.example/cache/tomb/group/dir/file1"));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, size("com.example/cache/tomb/group/dir/file2"));
 
-    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes, 0,
+    service->freeCache(testUuid, kTbInBytes,
             FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2 | FLAG_FREE_CACHE_V2_DEFY_QUOTA);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(-1, size("com.example/cache/group/file1"));
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
index a937436..bb36c39 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
@@ -635,6 +635,7 @@
 
         int64_t bytes_freed;
         binder::Status result = service_->deleteOdex(
+            package_name_,
             apk_path_,
             kRuntimeIsa,
             in_dalvik_cache ? std::nullopt : std::make_optional<std::string>(app_oat_dir_.c_str()),
@@ -729,7 +730,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(DexoptTest, DexoptPrimaryPublicCreateOatDir) {
     LOG(INFO) << "DexoptPrimaryPublic";
-    ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service_->createOatDir(app_oat_dir_, kRuntimeIsa));
+    ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service_->createOatDir(package_name_, app_oat_dir_, kRuntimeIsa));
     CompilePrimaryDexOk("verify",
                         DEXOPT_BOOTCOMPLETE | DEXOPT_PUBLIC,
                         app_oat_dir_.c_str(),
diff --git a/cmds/surfacereplayer/replayer/Replayer.cpp b/cmds/surfacereplayer/replayer/Replayer.cpp
index cfd42fe..3f7c7d6 100644
--- a/cmds/surfacereplayer/replayer/Replayer.cpp
+++ b/cmds/surfacereplayer/replayer/Replayer.cpp
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@
 void Replayer::setLayerStack(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& t,
         layer_id id, const LayerStackChange& lsc) {
     ALOGV("Layer %d: Setting LayerStack -- layer_stack=%d", id, lsc.layer_stack());
-    t.setLayerStack(mLayers[id], lsc.layer_stack());
+    t.setLayerStack(mLayers[id], ui::LayerStack::fromValue(lsc.layer_stack()));
 }
 
 void Replayer::setHiddenFlag(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& t,
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
 
 void Replayer::setDisplayLayerStack(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& t,
         display_id id, const LayerStackChange& lsc) {
-    t.setDisplayLayerStack(mDisplays[id], lsc.layer_stack());
+    t.setDisplayLayerStack(mDisplays[id], ui::LayerStack::fromValue(lsc.layer_stack()));
 }
 
 void Replayer::setDisplaySize(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& t,
diff --git a/data/etc/Android.bp b/data/etc/Android.bp
index af8f718..931c5e3 100644
--- a/data/etc/Android.bp
+++ b/data/etc/Android.bp
@@ -243,11 +243,3 @@
     src: "handheld_core_hardware.xml",
     defaults: ["frameworks_native_data_etc_defaults"],
 }
-
-prebuilt_etc {
-    name: "android.software.app_compat_overrides.xml",
-    product_specific: true,
-    sub_dir: "permissions",
-    src: "android.software.app_compat_overrides.xml",
-    filename_from_src: true,
-}
diff --git a/include/android/choreographer.h b/include/android/choreographer.h
index b743f49..0389e57 100644
--- a/include/android/choreographer.h
+++ b/include/android/choreographer.h
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@
  */
 typedef struct AChoreographer AChoreographer;
 
+struct AChoreographerFrameCallbackData;
+/**
+ * Opaque type that provides access to an AChoreographerFrameCallbackData object.
+ */
+typedef struct AChoreographerFrameCallbackData AChoreographerFrameCallbackData;
+
 /**
  * Prototype of the function that is called when a new frame is being rendered.
  * It's passed the time that the frame is being rendered as nanoseconds in the
@@ -60,6 +66,14 @@
 typedef void (*AChoreographer_frameCallback64)(int64_t frameTimeNanos, void* data);
 
 /**
+ * Prototype of the function that is called when a new frame is being rendered.
+ * It's passed the frame data that should not outlive the callback, as well as the data pointer
+ * provided by the application that registered a callback.
+ */
+typedef void (*AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback)(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* callbackData, void* data);
+
+/**
  * Prototype of the function that is called when the display refresh rate
  * changes. It's passed the new vsync period in nanoseconds, as well as the data
  * pointer provided by the application that registered a callback.
@@ -111,6 +125,14 @@
                                                uint32_t delayMillis) __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
 
 /**
+ * Posts a callback to run on the next frame. The data pointer provided will
+ * be passed to the callback function when it's called.
+ */
+void AChoreographer_postExtendedFrameCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
+                                        AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback callback, void* data)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
+/**
  * Registers a callback to be run when the display refresh rate changes. The
  * data pointer provided will be passed to the callback function when it's
  * called. The same callback may be registered multiple times, provided that a
@@ -160,6 +182,42 @@
                                                   AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback, void* data)
         __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
+/**
+ * The time in nanoseconds when the frame started being rendered.
+ */
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimeNanos(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
+/**
+ * The number of possible frame timelines.
+ */
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelinesLength(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
+/**
+ * Get index of the platform-preferred FrameTimeline.
+ */
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getPreferredFrameTimelineIndex(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
+/**
+ * The vsync ID token used to map Choreographer data.
+ */
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineVsyncId(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
+/**
+ * The time in nanoseconds which the frame at given index is expected to be presented.
+ */
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineExpectedPresentTime(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
+/**
+ * The time in nanoseconds which the frame at given index needs to be ready by.
+ */
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineDeadline(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
 __END_DECLS
 
 #endif // ANDROID_CHOREOGRAPHER_H
diff --git a/include/android/input.h b/include/android/input.h
index 7642215..27587ce 100644
--- a/include/android/input.h
+++ b/include/android/input.h
@@ -169,6 +169,9 @@
 
     /** Drag event */
     AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_DRAG = 5,
+
+    /** TouchMode event */
+    AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE = 6,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1382,6 +1385,14 @@
  */
 void AInputQueue_finishEvent(AInputQueue* queue, AInputEvent* event, int handled);
 
+/**
+ * Supplies the AInputQueue* object associated with the supplied Java InputQueue
+ * object.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 33.
+ */
+AInputQueue* AInputQueue_fromJava(jobject inputQueue) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/ftl/Flags.h b/include/ftl/Flags.h
index 27c8476..ae70831 100644
--- a/include/ftl/Flags.h
+++ b/include/ftl/Flags.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,79 +14,22 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#pragma once
 
-#include <array>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <ftl/string.h>
+
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <optional>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
 #include "utils/BitSet.h"
 
-#pragma once
+// TODO(b/185536303): Align with FTL style and namespace.
 
 namespace android {
 
-namespace details {
-
-template <typename F>
-inline constexpr auto flag_count = sizeof(F) * __CHAR_BIT__;
-
-template <typename F, typename T, T... I>
-constexpr auto generate_flag_values(std::integer_sequence<T, I...> seq) {
-    constexpr size_t count = seq.size();
-
-    std::array<F, count> values{};
-    for (size_t i = 0, v = 0; v < count; ++i) {
-        values[v++] = static_cast<F>(T{1} << i);
-    }
-
-    return values;
-}
-
-template <typename F>
-inline constexpr auto flag_values = generate_flag_values<F>(
-        std::make_integer_sequence<std::underlying_type_t<F>, flag_count<F>>{});
-
-template <typename F, std::size_t... I>
-constexpr auto generate_flag_names(std::index_sequence<I...>) noexcept {
-    return std::array<std::optional<std::string_view>, sizeof...(I)>{
-            {enum_value_name<F, flag_values<F>[I]>()...}};
-}
-
-template <typename F>
-inline constexpr auto flag_names =
-        generate_flag_names<F>(std::make_index_sequence<flag_count<F>>{});
-
-// A trait for determining whether a type is specifically an enum class or not.
-template <typename T, bool = std::is_enum_v<T>>
-struct is_enum_class : std::false_type {};
-
-// By definition, an enum class is an enum that is not implicitly convertible to its underlying
-// type.
-template <typename T>
-struct is_enum_class<T, true>
-      : std::bool_constant<!std::is_convertible_v<T, std::underlying_type_t<T>>> {};
-
-template <typename T>
-inline constexpr bool is_enum_class_v = is_enum_class<T>::value;
-} // namespace details
-
-template <auto V>
-constexpr auto flag_name() {
-    using F = decltype(V);
-    return details::enum_value_name<F, V>();
-}
-
-template <typename F>
-constexpr std::optional<std::string_view> flag_name(F flag) {
-    using U = std::underlying_type_t<F>;
-    auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(__builtin_ctzl(static_cast<U>(flag)));
-    return details::flag_names<F>[idx];
-}
-
 /* A class for handling flags defined by an enum or enum class in a type-safe way. */
 template <typename F>
 class Flags {
@@ -94,7 +37,7 @@
     // further to avoid this restriction but in general we want to encourage the use of enums
     // anyways.
     static_assert(std::is_enum_v<F>, "Flags type must be an enum");
-    using U = typename std::underlying_type_t<F>;
+    using U = std::underlying_type_t<F>;
 
 public:
     constexpr Flags(F f) : mFlags(static_cast<U>(f)) {}
@@ -106,11 +49,10 @@
     // should force them to be explicitly constructed from their underlying types to make full use
     // of the type checker.
     template <typename T = U>
-    constexpr Flags(T t, typename std::enable_if_t<!details::is_enum_class_v<F>, T>* = nullptr)
-          : mFlags(t) {}
+    constexpr Flags(T t, std::enable_if_t<!ftl::is_scoped_enum_v<F>, T>* = nullptr) : mFlags(t) {}
+
     template <typename T = U>
-    explicit constexpr Flags(T t,
-                             typename std::enable_if_t<details::is_enum_class_v<F>, T>* = nullptr)
+    explicit constexpr Flags(T t, std::enable_if_t<ftl::is_scoped_enum_v<F>, T>* = nullptr)
           : mFlags(t) {}
 
     class Iterator {
@@ -229,16 +171,16 @@
         bool first = true;
         U unstringified = 0;
         for (const F f : *this) {
-            std::optional<std::string_view> flagString = flag_name(f);
-            if (flagString) {
-                appendFlag(result, flagString.value(), first);
+            if (const auto flagName = ftl::flag_name(f)) {
+                appendFlag(result, flagName.value(), first);
             } else {
                 unstringified |= static_cast<U>(f);
             }
         }
 
         if (unstringified != 0) {
-            appendFlag(result, base::StringPrintf("0x%08x", unstringified), first);
+            constexpr auto radix = sizeof(U) == 1 ? ftl::Radix::kBin : ftl::Radix::kHex;
+            appendFlag(result, ftl::to_string(unstringified, radix), first);
         }
 
         if (first) {
@@ -265,15 +207,14 @@
 // as flags. In order to use these, add them via a `using namespace` declaration.
 namespace flag_operators {
 
-template <typename F, typename = std::enable_if_t<details::is_enum_class_v<F>>>
+template <typename F, typename = std::enable_if_t<ftl::is_scoped_enum_v<F>>>
 inline Flags<F> operator~(F f) {
-    using U = typename std::underlying_type_t<F>;
-    return static_cast<F>(~static_cast<U>(f));
+    return static_cast<F>(~ftl::enum_cast(f));
 }
-template <typename F, typename = std::enable_if_t<details::is_enum_class_v<F>>>
+
+template <typename F, typename = std::enable_if_t<ftl::is_scoped_enum_v<F>>>
 Flags<F> operator|(F lhs, F rhs) {
-    using U = typename std::underlying_type_t<F>;
-    return static_cast<F>(static_cast<U>(lhs) | static_cast<U>(rhs));
+    return static_cast<F>(ftl::enum_cast(lhs) | ftl::enum_cast(rhs));
 }
 
 } // namespace flag_operators
diff --git a/include/ftl/NamedEnum.h b/include/ftl/NamedEnum.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e98fee..0000000
--- a/include/ftl/NamedEnum.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-
-#include <array>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <optional>
-#include <string>
-
-#pragma once
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace details {
-template <typename E, E V>
-constexpr std::optional<std::string_view> enum_value_name() {
-    // Should look something like (but all on one line):
-    //   std::optional<std::string_view>
-    //   android::details::enum_value_name()
-    //   [E = android::test::TestEnums, V = android::test::TestEnums::ONE]
-    std::string_view view = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
-    size_t templateStart = view.rfind("[");
-    size_t templateEnd = view.rfind("]");
-    if (templateStart == std::string::npos || templateEnd == std::string::npos) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    // Extract the template parameters without the enclosing braces.
-    // Example (cont'd): E = android::test::TestEnums, V = android::test::TestEnums::ONE
-    view = view.substr(templateStart + 1, templateEnd - templateStart - 1);
-    size_t valStart = view.rfind("V = ");
-    if (valStart == std::string::npos) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    // Example (cont'd): V = android::test::TestEnums::ONE
-    view = view.substr(valStart);
-    // Check invalid enum values with cast, like V = (android::test::TestEnums)8.
-    if (view.find('(') != std::string::npos) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    size_t nameStart = view.rfind("::");
-    if (nameStart == std::string::npos) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    // Chop off the initial "::"
-    nameStart += 2;
-    return view.substr(nameStart);
-}
-
-template <typename E, typename T, T... I>
-constexpr auto generate_enum_values(std::integer_sequence<T, I...> seq) {
-    constexpr size_t count = seq.size();
-
-    std::array<E, count> values{};
-    for (size_t i = 0, v = 0; v < count; ++i) {
-        values[v++] = static_cast<E>(T{0} + i);
-    }
-
-    return values;
-}
-
-template <typename E, std::size_t N>
-inline constexpr auto enum_values =
-        generate_enum_values<E>(std::make_integer_sequence<std::underlying_type_t<E>, N>{});
-
-template <typename E, std::size_t N, std::size_t... I>
-constexpr auto generate_enum_names(std::index_sequence<I...>) noexcept {
-    return std::array<std::optional<std::string_view>, sizeof...(I)>{
-            {enum_value_name<E, enum_values<E, N>[I]>()...}};
-}
-
-template <typename E, std::size_t N>
-inline constexpr auto enum_names = generate_enum_names<E, N>(std::make_index_sequence<N>{});
-
-} // namespace details
-
-class NamedEnum {
-public:
-    // By default allowed enum value range is 0 ~ 7.
-    template <typename E>
-    static constexpr size_t max = 8;
-
-    template <auto V>
-    static constexpr auto enum_name() {
-        using E = decltype(V);
-        return details::enum_value_name<E, V>();
-    }
-
-    template <typename E>
-    static constexpr std::optional<std::string_view> enum_name(E val) {
-        auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(val);
-        return idx < max<E> ? details::enum_names<E, max<E>>[idx] : std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    // Helper function for parsing enum value to string.
-    // Example : enum class TestEnums { ZERO = 0x0 };
-    // NamedEnum::string(TestEnums::ZERO) returns string of "ZERO".
-    // Note the default maximum enum is 8, if the enum ID to be parsed if greater than 8 like 16,
-    // it should be declared to specialized the maximum enum by below:
-    // template <> constexpr size_t NamedEnum::max<TestEnums> = 16;
-    // If the enum class definition is sparse and contains enum values starting from a large value,
-    // Do not specialize it to a large number to avoid performance issues.
-    // The recommended maximum enum number to specialize is 64.
-    template <typename E>
-    static const std::string string(E val, const char* fallbackFormat = "%02d") {
-        std::string result;
-        std::optional<std::string_view> enumString = enum_name(val);
-        result += enumString ? enumString.value() : base::StringPrintf(fallbackFormat, val);
-        return result;
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/include/ftl/cast.h b/include/ftl/cast.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff1b58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/cast.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <ftl/details/cast.h>
+
+namespace android::ftl {
+
+enum class CastSafety { kSafe, kUnderflow, kOverflow };
+
+// Returns whether static_cast<R>(v) is safe, or would result in underflow or overflow.
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::cast_safety<uint8_t>(-1) == ftl::CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+//   static_assert(ftl::cast_safety<int8_t>(128u) == ftl::CastSafety::kOverflow);
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::cast_safety<uint32_t>(-.1f) == ftl::CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+//   static_assert(ftl::cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<float>(INT32_MAX)) ==
+//                                           ftl::CastSafety::kOverflow);
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::cast_safety<float>(-DBL_MAX) == ftl::CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+//
+template <typename R, typename T>
+constexpr CastSafety cast_safety(T v) {
+  static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<T>);
+  static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<R>);
+
+  constexpr bool kFromSigned = std::is_signed_v<T>;
+  constexpr bool kToSigned = std::is_signed_v<R>;
+
+  using details::max_exponent;
+
+  // If the R range contains the T range, then casting is always safe.
+  if constexpr ((kFromSigned == kToSigned && max_exponent<R> >= max_exponent<T>) ||
+                (!kFromSigned && kToSigned && max_exponent<R> > max_exponent<T>)) {
+    return CastSafety::kSafe;
+  }
+
+  using C = std::common_type_t<R, T>;
+
+  if constexpr (kFromSigned) {
+    using L = details::safe_limits<R, T>;
+
+    if constexpr (kToSigned) {
+      // Signed to signed.
+      if (v < L::lowest()) return CastSafety::kUnderflow;
+      return v <= L::max() ? CastSafety::kSafe : CastSafety::kOverflow;
+    } else {
+      // Signed to unsigned.
+      if (v < 0) return CastSafety::kUnderflow;
+      return static_cast<C>(v) <= static_cast<C>(L::max()) ? CastSafety::kSafe
+                                                           : CastSafety::kOverflow;
+    }
+  } else {
+    using L = std::numeric_limits<R>;
+
+    if constexpr (kToSigned) {
+      // Unsigned to signed.
+      return static_cast<C>(v) <= static_cast<C>(L::max()) ? CastSafety::kSafe
+                                                           : CastSafety::kOverflow;
+    } else {
+      // Unsigned to unsigned.
+      return v <= L::max() ? CastSafety::kSafe : CastSafety::kOverflow;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/include/ftl/details/cast.h b/include/ftl/details/cast.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87b9f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/details/cast.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace android::ftl::details {
+
+// Exponent whose power of 2 is the (exclusive) upper bound of T.
+template <typename T, typename L = std::numeric_limits<T>>
+constexpr int max_exponent = std::is_floating_point_v<T> ? L::max_exponent : L::digits;
+
+// Extension of std::numeric_limits<T> that reduces the maximum for integral types T such that it
+// has an exact representation for floating-point types F. For example, the maximum int32_t value
+// is 2'147'483'647, but casting it to float commonly rounds up to 2'147'483'650.f, which cannot
+// be safely converted back lest the signed overflow invokes undefined behavior. This pitfall is
+// avoided by clearing the lower (31 - 24 =) 7 bits of precision to 2'147'483'520. Note that the
+// minimum is representable.
+template <typename T, typename F>
+struct safe_limits : std::numeric_limits<T> {
+  static constexpr T max() {
+    using Base = std::numeric_limits<T>;
+
+    if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T> && std::is_floating_point_v<F>) {
+      // Assume the mantissa is 24 bits for float, or 53 bits for double.
+      using Float = std::numeric_limits<F>;
+      static_assert(Float::is_iec559);
+
+      // If the integer is wider than the mantissa, clear the excess bits of precision.
+      constexpr int kShift = Base::digits - Float::digits;
+      if constexpr (kShift > 0) {
+        using U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
+        constexpr U kOne = static_cast<U>(1);
+        return static_cast<U>(Base::max()) & ~((kOne << kShift) - kOne);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return Base::max();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::ftl::details
diff --git a/include/ftl/enum.h b/include/ftl/enum.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfe3a09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/enum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <ftl/string.h>
+
+// Returns the name of enumerator E::V (i.e. "V") as std::optional<std::string_view> by parsing the
+// compiler-generated string literal for the signature of this function. The function is defined in
+// the global namespace with a short name and inferred return type to reduce bloat in the read-only
+// data segment.
+template <typename E, E V>
+constexpr auto ftl_enum() {
+  static_assert(std::is_enum_v<E>);
+
+  using R = std::optional<std::string_view>;
+  using namespace std::literals;
+
+  // The "pretty" signature has the following format:
+  //
+  //   auto ftl_enum() [E = android::test::Enum, V = android::test::Enum::kValue]
+  //
+  std::string_view view = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
+  const auto template_begin = view.rfind('[');
+  const auto template_end = view.rfind(']');
+  if (template_begin == view.npos || template_end == view.npos) return R{};
+
+  // Extract the template parameters without the enclosing brackets. Example (cont'd):
+  //
+  //   E = android::test::Enum, V = android::test::Enum::kValue
+  //
+  view = view.substr(template_begin + 1, template_end - template_begin - 1);
+  const auto value_begin = view.rfind("V = "sv);
+  if (value_begin == view.npos) return R{};
+
+  // Example (cont'd):
+  //
+  //   V = android::test::Enum::kValue
+  //
+  view = view.substr(value_begin);
+  const auto name_begin = view.rfind("::"sv);
+  if (name_begin == view.npos) return R{};
+
+  // Chop off the leading "::".
+  const auto name = view.substr(name_begin + 2);
+
+  // A value that is not enumerated has the format "Enum)42".
+  return name.find(')') == view.npos ? R{name} : R{};
+}
+
+namespace android::ftl {
+
+// Trait for determining whether a type is specifically a scoped enum or not. By definition, a
+// scoped enum is one that is not implicitly convertible to its underlying type.
+//
+// TODO: Replace with std::is_scoped_enum in C++23.
+//
+template <typename T, bool = std::is_enum_v<T>>
+struct is_scoped_enum : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_scoped_enum<T, true> : std::negation<std::is_convertible<T, std::underlying_type_t<T>>> {
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+inline constexpr bool is_scoped_enum_v = is_scoped_enum<T>::value;
+
+// Shorthand for casting an enumerator to its integral value.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C };
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_cast(E::B) == 1);
+//
+template <typename E>
+constexpr auto enum_cast(E v) {
+  return static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<E>>(v);
+}
+
+// Traits for retrieving an enum's range. An enum specifies its range by defining enumerators named
+// ftl_first and ftl_last. If omitted, ftl_first defaults to 0, whereas ftl_last defaults to N - 1
+// where N is the bit width of the underlying type, but only if that type is unsigned, assuming the
+// enumerators are flags. Also, note that unscoped enums must define both bounds, as casting out-of-
+// range values results in undefined behavior if the underlying type is not fixed.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<E> == E::A);
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_last_v<E> == E::F);
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_size_v<E> == 6);
+//
+//   enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<F> == F{0});
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_last_v<F> == F{15});
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_size_v<F> == 16);
+//
+template <typename E, typename = void>
+struct enum_begin {
+  static_assert(is_scoped_enum_v<E>, "Missing ftl_first enumerator");
+  static constexpr E value{0};
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+struct enum_begin<E, std::void_t<decltype(E::ftl_first)>> {
+  static constexpr E value = E::ftl_first;
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+inline constexpr E enum_begin_v = enum_begin<E>::value;
+
+template <typename E, typename = void>
+struct enum_end {
+  using U = std::underlying_type_t<E>;
+  static_assert(is_scoped_enum_v<E> && std::is_unsigned_v<U>, "Missing ftl_last enumerator");
+
+  static constexpr E value{std::numeric_limits<U>::digits};
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+struct enum_end<E, std::void_t<decltype(E::ftl_last)>> {
+  static constexpr E value = E{enum_cast(E::ftl_last) + 1};
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+inline constexpr E enum_end_v = enum_end<E>::value;
+
+template <typename E>
+inline constexpr E enum_last_v = E{enum_cast(enum_end_v<E>) - 1};
+
+template <typename E>
+struct enum_size {
+  static constexpr auto kBegin = enum_cast(enum_begin_v<E>);
+  static constexpr auto kEnd = enum_cast(enum_end_v<E>);
+  static_assert(kBegin < kEnd, "Invalid range");
+
+  static constexpr std::size_t value = kEnd - kBegin;
+  static_assert(value <= 64, "Excessive range size");
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+inline constexpr std::size_t enum_size_v = enum_size<E>::value;
+
+namespace details {
+
+template <auto V>
+struct Identity {
+  static constexpr auto value = V;
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+using make_enum_sequence = std::make_integer_sequence<std::underlying_type_t<E>, enum_size_v<E>>;
+
+template <typename E, template <E> class = Identity, typename = make_enum_sequence<E>>
+struct EnumRange;
+
+template <typename E, template <E> class F, typename T, T... Vs>
+struct EnumRange<E, F, std::integer_sequence<T, Vs...>> {
+  static constexpr auto kBegin = enum_cast(enum_begin_v<E>);
+  static constexpr auto kSize = enum_size_v<E>;
+
+  using R = decltype(F<E{}>::value);
+  const R values[kSize] = {F<static_cast<E>(Vs + kBegin)>::value...};
+
+  constexpr const auto* begin() const { return values; }
+  constexpr const auto* end() const { return values + kSize; }
+};
+
+template <auto V>
+struct EnumName {
+  static constexpr auto value = ftl_enum<decltype(V), V>();
+};
+
+template <auto I>
+struct FlagName {
+  using E = decltype(I);
+  using U = std::underlying_type_t<E>;
+
+  static constexpr E V{U{1} << enum_cast(I)};
+  static constexpr auto value = ftl_enum<E, V>();
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+
+// Returns an iterable over the range of an enum.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   std::string string;
+//   for (E v : ftl::enum_range<E>()) {
+//     string += ftl::enum_name(v).value_or("?");
+//   }
+//
+//   assert(string == "ABC??F");
+//
+template <typename E>
+constexpr auto enum_range() {
+  return details::EnumRange<E>{};
+}
+
+// Returns a stringified enumerator at compile time.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C };
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name<E::B>() == "B");
+//
+template <auto V>
+constexpr std::string_view enum_name() {
+  constexpr auto kName = ftl_enum<decltype(V), V>();
+  static_assert(kName, "Unknown enumerator");
+  return *kName;
+}
+
+// Returns a stringified enumerator, possibly at compile time.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E::C).value_or("?") == "C");
+//   static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
+//
+template <typename E>
+constexpr std::optional<std::string_view> enum_name(E v) {
+  const auto value = enum_cast(v);
+
+  constexpr auto kBegin = enum_cast(enum_begin_v<E>);
+  constexpr auto kLast = enum_cast(enum_last_v<E>);
+  if (value < kBegin || value > kLast) return {};
+
+  constexpr auto kRange = details::EnumRange<E, details::EnumName>{};
+  return kRange.values[value - kBegin];
+}
+
+// Returns a stringified flag enumerator, possibly at compile time.
+//
+//   enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
+//
+//   static_assert(ftl::flag_name(F::Z).value_or("?") == "Z");
+//   static_assert(ftl::flag_name(F{0b111}).value_or("?") == "?");
+//
+template <typename E>
+constexpr std::optional<std::string_view> flag_name(E v) {
+  const auto value = enum_cast(v);
+
+  // TODO: Replace with std::popcount and std::countr_zero in C++20.
+  if (__builtin_popcountl(value) != 1) return {};
+
+  constexpr auto kRange = details::EnumRange<E, details::FlagName>{};
+  return kRange.values[__builtin_ctzl(value)];
+}
+
+// Returns a stringified enumerator, or its integral value if not named.
+//
+//   enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+//
+//   assert(ftl::enum_string(E::C) == "C");
+//   assert(ftl::enum_string(E{3}) == "3");
+//
+template <typename E>
+inline std::string enum_string(E v) {
+  if (const auto name = enum_name(v)) {
+    return std::string(*name);
+  }
+  return to_string(enum_cast(v));
+}
+
+// Returns a stringified flag enumerator, or its integral value if not named.
+//
+//   enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
+//
+//   assert(ftl::flag_string(F::Z) == "Z");
+//   assert(ftl::flag_string(F{7}) == "0b111");
+//
+template <typename E>
+inline std::string flag_string(E v) {
+  if (const auto name = flag_name(v)) {
+    return std::string(*name);
+  }
+  constexpr auto radix = sizeof(E) == 1 ? Radix::kBin : Radix::kHex;
+  return to_string(enum_cast(v), radix);
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/include/ftl/initializer_list.h b/include/ftl/initializer_list.h
index 769c09f..2102c25 100644
--- a/include/ftl/initializer_list.h
+++ b/include/ftl/initializer_list.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -65,18 +66,18 @@
   std::tuple<Types...> tuple;
 };
 
-template <typename K, typename V>
+template <typename K, typename V, typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<K>>
 struct KeyValue {};
 
 // Shorthand for key-value pairs that assigns the first argument to the key, and the rest to the
 // value. The specialization is on KeyValue rather than std::pair, so that ftl::init::list works
 // with the latter.
-template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t... Sizes, typename... Types>
-struct InitializerList<KeyValue<K, V>, std::index_sequence<Sizes...>, Types...> {
+template <typename K, typename V, typename E, std::size_t... Sizes, typename... Types>
+struct InitializerList<KeyValue<K, V, E>, std::index_sequence<Sizes...>, Types...> {
   // Accumulate the three arguments to std::pair's piecewise constructor.
   template <typename... Args>
   [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto operator()(K&& k, Args&&... args) && -> InitializerList<
-      KeyValue<K, V>, std::index_sequence<Sizes..., 3>, Types..., std::piecewise_construct_t,
+      KeyValue<K, V, E>, std::index_sequence<Sizes..., 3>, Types..., std::piecewise_construct_t,
       std::tuple<K&&>, std::tuple<Args&&...>> {
     return {std::tuple_cat(
         std::move(tuple),
@@ -94,9 +95,9 @@
   return InitializerList<T>{}(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
-template <typename K, typename V, typename... Args>
+template <typename K, typename V, typename E = std::equal_to<K>, typename... Args>
 [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto map(Args&&... args) {
-  return list<KeyValue<K, V>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  return list<KeyValue<K, V, E>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
 template <typename K, typename V>
diff --git a/include/ftl/small_map.h b/include/ftl/small_map.h
index 84c15eb..2effaa4 100644
--- a/include/ftl/small_map.h
+++ b/include/ftl/small_map.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <ftl/initializer_list.h>
 #include <ftl/small_vector.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
 #include <optional>
 #include <type_traits>
@@ -28,7 +29,10 @@
 
 // Associative container with unique, unordered keys. Unlike std::unordered_map, key-value pairs are
 // stored in contiguous storage for cache efficiency. The map is allocated statically until its size
-// exceeds N, at which point mappings are relocated to dynamic memory.
+// exceeds N, at which point mappings are relocated to dynamic memory. The try_emplace operation has
+// a non-standard analogue try_replace that destructively emplaces. The API also defines an in-place
+// counterpart to insert_or_assign: emplace_or_replace. Lookup is done not via a subscript operator,
+// but immutable getters that can optionally transform the value.
 //
 // SmallMap<K, V, 0> unconditionally allocates on the heap.
 //
@@ -43,18 +47,21 @@
 //   assert(!map.dynamic());
 //
 //   assert(map.contains(123));
-//   assert(map.find(42, [](const std::string& s) { return s.size(); }) == 3u);
+//   assert(map.get(42, [](const std::string& s) { return s.size(); }) == 3u);
 //
-//   const auto opt = map.find(-1);
+//   const auto opt = map.get(-1);
 //   assert(opt);
 //
 //   std::string& ref = *opt;
 //   assert(ref.empty());
 //   ref = "xyz";
 //
-//   assert(map == SmallMap(ftl::init::map(-1, "xyz")(42, "???")(123, "abc")));
+//   map.emplace_or_replace(0, "vanilla", 2u, 3u);
+//   assert(map.dynamic());
 //
-template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t N>
+//   assert(map == SmallMap(ftl::init::map(-1, "xyz")(0, "nil")(42, "???")(123, "abc")));
+//
+template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t N, typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<K>>
 class SmallMap final {
   using Map = SmallVector<std::pair<const K, V>, N>;
 
@@ -80,12 +87,7 @@
   // The syntax for listing pairs is as follows:
   //
   //   ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map<int, std::string>(123, "abc")(-1)(42, 3u, '?');
-  //
   //   static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(map), ftl::SmallMap<int, std::string, 3>>);
-  //   assert(map.size() == 3u);
-  //   assert(map.contains(-1) && map.find(-1)->get().empty());
-  //   assert(map.contains(42) && map.find(42)->get() == "???");
-  //   assert(map.contains(123) && map.find(123)->get() == "abc");
   //
   // The types of the key and value are deduced if the first pair contains exactly two arguments:
   //
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@
   template <typename U, std::size_t... Sizes, typename... Types>
   SmallMap(InitializerList<U, std::index_sequence<Sizes...>, Types...>&& list)
       : map_(std::move(list)) {
-    // TODO: Enforce unique keys.
+    deduplicate();
   }
 
   size_type max_size() const { return map_.max_size(); }
@@ -115,27 +117,27 @@
 
   // Returns whether a mapping exists for the given key.
   bool contains(const key_type& key) const {
-    return find(key, [](const mapped_type&) {});
+    return get(key, [](const mapped_type&) {});
   }
 
   // Returns a reference to the value for the given key, or std::nullopt if the key was not found.
   //
   //   ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'A')('b', 'B')('c', 'C');
   //
-  //   const auto opt = map.find('c');
+  //   const auto opt = map.get('c');
   //   assert(opt == 'C');
   //
   //   char d = 'd';
-  //   const auto ref = map.find('d').value_or(std::ref(d));
+  //   const auto ref = map.get('d').value_or(std::ref(d));
   //   ref.get() = 'D';
   //   assert(d == 'D');
   //
-  auto find(const key_type& key) const -> std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<const mapped_type>> {
-    return find(key, [](const mapped_type& v) { return std::cref(v); });
+  auto get(const key_type& key) const -> std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<const mapped_type>> {
+    return get(key, [](const mapped_type& v) { return std::cref(v); });
   }
 
-  auto find(const key_type& key) -> std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<mapped_type>> {
-    return find(key, [](mapped_type& v) { return std::ref(v); });
+  auto get(const key_type& key) -> std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<mapped_type>> {
+    return get(key, [](mapped_type& v) { return std::ref(v); });
   }
 
   // Returns the result R of a unary operation F on (a constant or mutable reference to) the value
@@ -144,14 +146,14 @@
   //
   //   ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'x')('b', 'y')('c', 'z');
   //
-  //   assert(map.find('c', [](char c) { return std::toupper(c); }) == 'Z');
-  //   assert(map.find('c', [](char& c) { c = std::toupper(c); }));
+  //   assert(map.get('c', [](char c) { return std::toupper(c); }) == 'Z');
+  //   assert(map.get('c', [](char& c) { c = std::toupper(c); }));
   //
   template <typename F, typename R = std::invoke_result_t<F, const mapped_type&>>
-  auto find(const key_type& key, F f) const
+  auto get(const key_type& key, F f) const
       -> std::conditional_t<std::is_void_v<R>, bool, std::optional<R>> {
     for (auto& [k, v] : *this) {
-      if (k == key) {
+      if (KeyEqual{}(k, key)) {
         if constexpr (std::is_void_v<R>) {
           f(v);
           return true;
@@ -165,28 +167,119 @@
   }
 
   template <typename F>
-  auto find(const key_type& key, F f) {
-    return std::as_const(*this).find(
+  auto get(const key_type& key, F f) {
+    return std::as_const(*this).get(
         key, [&f](const mapped_type& v) { return f(const_cast<mapped_type&>(v)); });
   }
 
+  // Returns an iterator to an existing mapping for the given key, or the end() iterator otherwise.
+  const_iterator find(const key_type& key) const { return const_cast<SmallMap&>(*this).find(key); }
+  iterator find(const key_type& key) { return find(key, begin()); }
+
+  // Inserts a mapping unless it exists. Returns an iterator to the inserted or existing mapping,
+  // and whether the mapping was inserted.
+  //
+  // On emplace, if the map reaches its static or dynamic capacity, then all iterators are
+  // invalidated. Otherwise, only the end() iterator is invalidated.
+  //
+  template <typename... Args>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(const key_type& key, Args&&... args) {
+    if (const auto it = find(key); it != end()) {
+      return {it, false};
+    }
+
+    auto& ref = map_.emplace_back(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(key),
+                                  std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+    return {&ref, true};
+  }
+
+  // Replaces a mapping if it exists, and returns an iterator to it. Returns the end() iterator
+  // otherwise.
+  //
+  // The value is replaced via move constructor, so type V does not need to define copy/move
+  // assignment, e.g. its data members may be const.
+  //
+  // The arguments may directly or indirectly refer to the mapping being replaced.
+  //
+  // Iterators to the replaced mapping point to its replacement, and others remain valid.
+  //
+  template <typename... Args>
+  iterator try_replace(const key_type& key, Args&&... args) {
+    const auto it = find(key);
+    if (it == end()) return it;
+    map_.replace(it, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(key),
+                 std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  // In-place counterpart of std::unordered_map's insert_or_assign. Returns true on emplace, or
+  // false on replace.
+  //
+  // The value is emplaced and replaced via move constructor, so type V does not need to define
+  // copy/move assignment, e.g. its data members may be const.
+  //
+  // On emplace, if the map reaches its static or dynamic capacity, then all iterators are
+  // invalidated. Otherwise, only the end() iterator is invalidated. On replace, iterators
+  // to the replaced mapping point to its replacement, and others remain valid.
+  //
+  template <typename... Args>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace_or_replace(const key_type& key, Args&&... args) {
+    const auto [it, ok] = try_emplace(key, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    if (ok) return {it, ok};
+    map_.replace(it, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(key),
+                 std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+    return {it, ok};
+  }
+
+  // Removes a mapping if it exists, and returns whether it did.
+  //
+  // The last() and end() iterators, as well as those to the erased mapping, are invalidated.
+  //
+  bool erase(const key_type& key) { return erase(key, begin()); }
+
+  // Removes all mappings.
+  //
+  // All iterators are invalidated.
+  //
+  void clear() { map_.clear(); }
+
  private:
+  iterator find(const key_type& key, iterator first) {
+    return std::find_if(first, end(),
+                        [&key](const auto& pair) { return KeyEqual{}(pair.first, key); });
+  }
+
+  bool erase(const key_type& key, iterator first) {
+    const auto it = find(key, first);
+    if (it == end()) return false;
+    map_.unstable_erase(it);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void deduplicate() {
+    for (auto it = begin(); it != end();) {
+      if (const auto key = it->first; ++it != end()) {
+        while (erase(key, it));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   Map map_;
 };
 
 // Deduction guide for in-place constructor.
-template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t... Sizes, typename... Types>
-SmallMap(InitializerList<KeyValue<K, V>, std::index_sequence<Sizes...>, Types...>&&)
-    -> SmallMap<K, V, sizeof...(Sizes)>;
+template <typename K, typename V, typename E, std::size_t... Sizes, typename... Types>
+SmallMap(InitializerList<KeyValue<K, V, E>, std::index_sequence<Sizes...>, Types...>&&)
+    -> SmallMap<K, V, sizeof...(Sizes), E>;
 
 // Returns whether the key-value pairs of two maps are equal.
-template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t N, typename Q, typename W, std::size_t M>
-bool operator==(const SmallMap<K, V, N>& lhs, const SmallMap<Q, W, M>& rhs) {
+template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t N, typename Q, typename W, std::size_t M, typename E>
+bool operator==(const SmallMap<K, V, N, E>& lhs, const SmallMap<Q, W, M, E>& rhs) {
   if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) return false;
 
   for (const auto& [k, v] : lhs) {
     const auto& lv = v;
-    if (!rhs.find(k, [&lv](const auto& rv) { return lv == rv; }).value_or(false)) {
+    if (!rhs.get(k, [&lv](const auto& rv) { return lv == rv; }).value_or(false)) {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -195,8 +288,8 @@
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove in C++20.
-template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t N, typename Q, typename W, std::size_t M>
-inline bool operator!=(const SmallMap<K, V, N>& lhs, const SmallMap<Q, W, M>& rhs) {
+template <typename K, typename V, std::size_t N, typename Q, typename W, std::size_t M, typename E>
+inline bool operator!=(const SmallMap<K, V, N, E>& lhs, const SmallMap<Q, W, M, E>& rhs) {
   return !(lhs == rhs);
 }
 
diff --git a/include/ftl/small_vector.h b/include/ftl/small_vector.h
index cb0ae35..65a9536 100644
--- a/include/ftl/small_vector.h
+++ b/include/ftl/small_vector.h
@@ -151,8 +151,6 @@
   DISPATCH(reference, back, noexcept)
   DISPATCH(const_reference, back, const)
 
-#undef DISPATCH
-
   reference operator[](size_type i) {
     return dynamic() ? std::get<Dynamic>(vector_)[i] : std::get<Static>(vector_)[i];
   }
@@ -214,13 +212,15 @@
   //
   // The last() and end() iterators are invalidated.
   //
-  void pop_back() {
-    if (dynamic()) {
-      std::get<Dynamic>(vector_).pop_back();
-    } else {
-      std::get<Static>(vector_).pop_back();
-    }
-  }
+  DISPATCH(void, pop_back, noexcept)
+
+  // Removes all elements.
+  //
+  // All iterators are invalidated.
+  //
+  DISPATCH(void, clear, noexcept)
+
+#undef DISPATCH
 
   // Erases an element, but does not preserve order. Rather than shifting subsequent elements,
   // this moves the last element to the slot of the erased element.
@@ -345,10 +345,11 @@
     return true;
   }
 
+  using Impl::clear;
   using Impl::pop_back;
 
   void unstable_erase(iterator it) {
-    if (it != last()) std::iter_swap(it, last());
+    if (it != last()) replace(it, std::move(back()));
     pop_back();
   }
 
diff --git a/include/ftl/static_vector.h b/include/ftl/static_vector.h
index 96a1ae8..cd7b92a 100644
--- a/include/ftl/static_vector.h
+++ b/include/ftl/static_vector.h
@@ -189,8 +189,7 @@
   }
 
   StaticVector& operator=(StaticVector&& other) {
-    std::destroy(begin(), end());
-    size_ = 0;
+    clear();
     swap<true>(other);
     return *this;
   }
@@ -280,6 +279,15 @@
   //
   void pop_back() { unstable_erase(last()); }
 
+  // Removes all elements.
+  //
+  // All iterators are invalidated.
+  //
+  void clear() {
+    std::destroy(begin(), end());
+    size_ = 0;
+  }
+
   // Erases an element, but does not preserve order. Rather than shifting subsequent elements,
   // this moves the last element to the slot of the erased element.
   //
diff --git a/include/ftl/string.h b/include/ftl/string.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d96b06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ftl/string.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <charconv>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace android::ftl {
+
+enum class Radix { kBin = 2, kDec = 10, kHex = 16 };
+
+template <typename T>
+struct to_chars_length {
+  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>);
+  // Maximum binary digits, plus minus sign and radix prefix.
+  static constexpr std::size_t value = std::numeric_limits<std::make_unsigned_t<T>>::digits + 3;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr std::size_t to_chars_length_v = to_chars_length<T>::value;
+
+template <typename T = std::int64_t>
+using to_chars_buffer_t = char[to_chars_length_v<T>];
+
+// Lightweight (not allocating nor sprintf-based) alternative to std::to_string for integers, with
+// optional radix. See also ftl::to_string below.
+//
+//   ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<> buffer;
+//
+//   assert(ftl::to_chars(buffer, 123u) == "123");
+//   assert(ftl::to_chars(buffer, -42, ftl::Radix::kBin) == "-0b101010");
+//   assert(ftl::to_chars(buffer, 0xcafe, ftl::Radix::kHex) == "0xcafe");
+//   assert(ftl::to_chars(buffer, '*', ftl::Radix::kHex) == "0x2a");
+//
+template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+std::string_view to_chars(char (&buffer)[N], T v, Radix radix = Radix::kDec) {
+  static_assert(N >= to_chars_length_v<T>);
+
+  auto begin = buffer + 2;
+  const auto [end, err] = std::to_chars(begin, buffer + N, v, static_cast<int>(radix));
+  assert(err == std::errc());
+
+  if (radix == Radix::kDec) {
+    // TODO: Replace with {begin, end} in C++20.
+    return {begin, static_cast<std::size_t>(end - begin)};
+  }
+
+  const auto prefix = radix == Radix::kBin ? 'b' : 'x';
+  if constexpr (std::is_unsigned_v<T>) {
+    buffer[0] = '0';
+    buffer[1] = prefix;
+  } else {
+    if (*begin == '-') {
+      *buffer = '-';
+    } else {
+      --begin;
+    }
+
+    *begin-- = prefix;
+    *begin = '0';
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Replace with {buffer, end} in C++20.
+  return {buffer, static_cast<std::size_t>(end - buffer)};
+}
+
+// Lightweight (not sprintf-based) alternative to std::to_string for integers, with optional radix.
+//
+//   assert(ftl::to_string(123u) == "123");
+//   assert(ftl::to_string(-42, ftl::Radix::kBin) == "-0b101010");
+//   assert(ftl::to_string(0xcafe, ftl::Radix::kHex) == "0xcafe");
+//   assert(ftl::to_string('*', ftl::Radix::kHex) == "0x2a");
+//
+template <typename T>
+inline std::string to_string(T v, Radix radix = Radix::kDec) {
+  to_chars_buffer_t<T> buffer;
+  return std::string(to_chars(buffer, v, radix));
+}
+
+std::string to_string(bool) = delete;
+std::string to_string(bool, Radix) = delete;
+
+}  // namespace android::ftl
diff --git a/include/input/DisplayViewport.h b/include/input/DisplayViewport.h
index a6213f3..9148fee 100644
--- a/include/input/DisplayViewport.h
+++ b/include/input/DisplayViewport.h
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 #define _LIBINPUT_DISPLAY_VIEWPORT_H
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <ftl/string.h>
 #include <gui/constants.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 
@@ -44,6 +45,8 @@
     INTERNAL = 1,
     EXTERNAL = 2,
     VIRTUAL = 3,
+
+    ftl_last = VIRTUAL
 };
 
 /*
@@ -132,9 +135,8 @@
                             "physicalFrame=[%d, %d, %d, %d], "
                             "deviceSize=[%d, %d], "
                             "isActive=[%d]",
-                            NamedEnum::string(type).c_str(), displayId, uniqueId.c_str(),
-                            physicalPort ? StringPrintf("%" PRIu8, *physicalPort).c_str()
-                                         : "<none>",
+                            ftl::enum_string(type).c_str(), displayId, uniqueId.c_str(),
+                            physicalPort ? ftl::to_string(*physicalPort).c_str() : "<none>",
                             orientation, logicalLeft, logicalTop, logicalRight, logicalBottom,
                             physicalLeft, physicalTop, physicalRight, physicalBottom, deviceWidth,
                             deviceHeight, isActive);
diff --git a/include/input/Input.h b/include/input/Input.h
index 4adaa5b..29503af 100644
--- a/include/input/Input.h
+++ b/include/input/Input.h
@@ -201,8 +201,17 @@
 class Parcel;
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * Apply the given transform to the point without applying any translation/offset.
+ */
+vec2 transformWithoutTranslation(const ui::Transform& transform, const vec2& xy);
+
 const char* inputEventTypeToString(int32_t type);
 
+std::string inputEventSourceToString(int32_t source);
+
+bool isFromSource(uint32_t source, uint32_t test);
+
 /*
  * Flags that flow alongside events in the input dispatch system to help with certain
  * policy decisions such as waking from device sleep.
@@ -369,8 +378,6 @@
     float getAxisValue(int32_t axis) const;
     status_t setAxisValue(int32_t axis, float value);
 
-    void scale(float globalScale);
-
     // Scale the pointer coordinates according to a global scale and a
     // window scale. The global scale will be applied to TOUCH/TOOL_MAJOR/MINOR
     // axes, however the window scaling will not.
@@ -526,13 +533,17 @@
 
     inline int32_t getAction() const { return mAction; }
 
-    inline int32_t getActionMasked() const { return mAction & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK; }
+    static int32_t getActionMasked(int32_t action) { return action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK; }
 
-    inline int32_t getActionIndex() const {
-        return (mAction & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_MASK)
-                >> AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT;
+    inline int32_t getActionMasked() const { return getActionMasked(mAction); }
+
+    static int32_t getActionIndex(int32_t action) {
+        return (action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_MASK) >>
+                AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT;
     }
 
+    inline int32_t getActionIndex() const { return getActionIndex(mAction); }
+
     inline void setAction(int32_t action) { mAction = action; }
 
     inline int32_t getFlags() const { return mFlags; }
@@ -563,6 +574,8 @@
 
     inline ui::Transform getTransform() const { return mTransform; }
 
+    int getSurfaceRotation() const;
+
     inline float getXPrecision() const { return mXPrecision; }
 
     inline float getYPrecision() const { return mYPrecision; }
@@ -577,9 +590,7 @@
 
     void setCursorPosition(float x, float y);
 
-    uint32_t getDisplayOrientation() const { return mDisplayOrientation; }
-
-    int2 getDisplaySize() const { return {mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}; }
+    ui::Transform getRawTransform() const { return mRawTransform; }
 
     static inline bool isValidCursorPosition(float x, float y) { return !isnan(x) && !isnan(y); }
 
@@ -755,8 +766,8 @@
                     int32_t flags, int32_t edgeFlags, int32_t metaState, int32_t buttonState,
                     MotionClassification classification, const ui::Transform& transform,
                     float xPrecision, float yPrecision, float rawXCursorPosition,
-                    float rawYCursorPosition, uint32_t displayOrientation, int32_t displayWidth,
-                    int32_t displayHeight, nsecs_t downTime, nsecs_t eventTime, size_t pointerCount,
+                    float rawYCursorPosition, const ui::Transform& rawTransform, nsecs_t downTime,
+                    nsecs_t eventTime, size_t pointerCount,
                     const PointerProperties* pointerProperties, const PointerCoords* pointerCoords);
 
     void copyFrom(const MotionEvent* other, bool keepHistory);
@@ -801,6 +812,14 @@
 
     static std::string actionToString(int32_t action);
 
+    // MotionEvent will transform various axes in different ways, based on the source. For
+    // example, the x and y axes will not have any offsets/translations applied if it comes from a
+    // relative mouse device (since SOURCE_RELATIVE_MOUSE is a non-pointer source). These methods
+    // are used to apply these transformations for different axes.
+    static vec2 calculateTransformedXY(uint32_t source, const ui::Transform&, const vec2& xy);
+    static float calculateTransformedAxisValue(int32_t axis, uint32_t source, const ui::Transform&,
+                                               const PointerCoords&);
+
 protected:
     int32_t mAction;
     int32_t mActionButton;
@@ -814,9 +833,7 @@
     float mYPrecision;
     float mRawXCursorPosition;
     float mRawYCursorPosition;
-    uint32_t mDisplayOrientation;
-    int32_t mDisplayWidth;
-    int32_t mDisplayHeight;
+    ui::Transform mRawTransform;
     nsecs_t mDownTime;
     Vector<PointerProperties> mPointerProperties;
     std::vector<nsecs_t> mSampleEventTimes;
@@ -834,15 +851,12 @@
 
     inline bool getHasFocus() const { return mHasFocus; }
 
-    inline bool getInTouchMode() const { return mInTouchMode; }
-
-    void initialize(int32_t id, bool hasFocus, bool inTouchMode);
+    void initialize(int32_t id, bool hasFocus);
 
     void initialize(const FocusEvent& from);
 
 protected:
     bool mHasFocus;
-    bool mInTouchMode;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -888,6 +902,25 @@
     float mX, mY;
 };
 
+/*
+ * Touch mode events.
+ */
+class TouchModeEvent : public InputEvent {
+public:
+    virtual ~TouchModeEvent() {}
+
+    virtual int32_t getType() const override { return AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE; }
+
+    inline bool isInTouchMode() const { return mIsInTouchMode; }
+
+    void initialize(int32_t id, bool isInTouchMode);
+
+    void initialize(const TouchModeEvent& from);
+
+protected:
+    bool mIsInTouchMode;
+};
+
 /**
  * Base class for verified events.
  * Do not create a VerifiedInputEvent explicitly.
@@ -952,6 +985,7 @@
     virtual FocusEvent* createFocusEvent() = 0;
     virtual CaptureEvent* createCaptureEvent() = 0;
     virtual DragEvent* createDragEvent() = 0;
+    virtual TouchModeEvent* createTouchModeEvent() = 0;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -968,6 +1002,7 @@
     virtual FocusEvent* createFocusEvent() override { return &mFocusEvent; }
     virtual CaptureEvent* createCaptureEvent() override { return &mCaptureEvent; }
     virtual DragEvent* createDragEvent() override { return &mDragEvent; }
+    virtual TouchModeEvent* createTouchModeEvent() override { return &mTouchModeEvent; }
 
 private:
     KeyEvent mKeyEvent;
@@ -975,6 +1010,7 @@
     FocusEvent mFocusEvent;
     CaptureEvent mCaptureEvent;
     DragEvent mDragEvent;
+    TouchModeEvent mTouchModeEvent;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -990,6 +1026,7 @@
     virtual FocusEvent* createFocusEvent() override;
     virtual CaptureEvent* createCaptureEvent() override;
     virtual DragEvent* createDragEvent() override;
+    virtual TouchModeEvent* createTouchModeEvent() override;
 
     void recycle(InputEvent* event);
 
@@ -1001,6 +1038,7 @@
     std::queue<std::unique_ptr<FocusEvent>> mFocusEventPool;
     std::queue<std::unique_ptr<CaptureEvent>> mCaptureEventPool;
     std::queue<std::unique_ptr<DragEvent>> mDragEventPool;
+    std::queue<std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent>> mTouchModeEventPool;
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/include/input/InputDevice.h b/include/input/InputDevice.h
index 7f0324a..22aae19 100644
--- a/include/input/InputDevice.h
+++ b/include/input/InputDevice.h
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@
     GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR = ASENSOR_TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR,
     GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED = ASENSOR_TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED,
     SIGNIFICANT_MOTION = ASENSOR_TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION,
+
+    ftl_first = ACCELEROMETER,
+    ftl_last = SIGNIFICANT_MOTION
 };
 
 enum class InputDeviceSensorAccuracy : int32_t {
@@ -105,6 +108,8 @@
     PLAYER_ID = 1,
     RGB = 2,
     MULTI_COLOR = 3,
+
+    ftl_last = MULTI_COLOR
 };
 
 struct InputDeviceSensorInfo {
diff --git a/include/input/InputTransport.h b/include/input/InputTransport.h
index a790b56..edcb615 100644
--- a/include/input/InputTransport.h
+++ b/include/input/InputTransport.h
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@
         CAPTURE,
         DRAG,
         TIMELINE,
+        TOUCH_MODE,
+
+        ftl_last = TOUCH_MODE
     };
 
     struct Header {
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@
 
         struct Motion {
             int32_t eventId;
-            uint32_t empty1;
+            uint32_t pointerCount;
             nsecs_t eventTime __attribute__((aligned(8)));
             int32_t deviceId;
             int32_t source;
@@ -126,20 +129,22 @@
             uint8_t empty2[3];                   // 3 bytes to fill gap created by classification
             int32_t edgeFlags;
             nsecs_t downTime __attribute__((aligned(8)));
-            float dsdx;
-            float dtdx;
-            float dtdy;
-            float dsdy;
-            float tx;
-            float ty;
+            float dsdx; // Begin window transform
+            float dtdx; //
+            float dtdy; //
+            float dsdy; //
+            float tx;   //
+            float ty;   // End window transform
             float xPrecision;
             float yPrecision;
             float xCursorPosition;
             float yCursorPosition;
-            uint32_t displayOrientation;
-            int32_t displayWidth;
-            int32_t displayHeight;
-            uint32_t pointerCount;
+            float dsdxRaw; // Begin raw transform
+            float dtdxRaw; //
+            float dtdyRaw; //
+            float dsdyRaw; //
+            float txRaw;   //
+            float tyRaw;   // End raw transform
             /**
              * The "pointers" field must be the last field of the struct InputMessage.
              * When we send the struct InputMessage across the socket, we are not
@@ -173,10 +178,9 @@
 
         struct Focus {
             int32_t eventId;
-            // The following 3 fields take up 4 bytes total
+            // The following 2 fields take up 4 bytes total
             bool hasFocus;
-            bool inTouchMode;
-            uint8_t empty[2];
+            uint8_t empty[3];
 
             inline size_t size() const { return sizeof(Focus); }
         } focus;
@@ -206,6 +210,15 @@
 
             inline size_t size() const { return sizeof(Timeline); }
         } timeline;
+
+        struct TouchMode {
+            int32_t eventId;
+            // The following 2 fields take up 4 bytes total
+            bool isInTouchMode;
+            uint8_t empty[3];
+
+            inline size_t size() const { return sizeof(TouchMode); }
+        } touchMode;
     } __attribute__((aligned(8))) body;
 
     bool isValid(size_t actualSize) const;
@@ -355,9 +368,8 @@
                                 int32_t metaState, int32_t buttonState,
                                 MotionClassification classification, const ui::Transform& transform,
                                 float xPrecision, float yPrecision, float xCursorPosition,
-                                float yCursorPosition, uint32_t displayOrientation,
-                                int32_t displayWidth, int32_t displayHeight, nsecs_t downTime,
-                                nsecs_t eventTime, uint32_t pointerCount,
+                                float yCursorPosition, const ui::Transform& rawTransform,
+                                nsecs_t downTime, nsecs_t eventTime, uint32_t pointerCount,
                                 const PointerProperties* pointerProperties,
                                 const PointerCoords* pointerCoords);
 
@@ -368,7 +380,7 @@
      * Returns DEAD_OBJECT if the channel's peer has been closed.
      * Other errors probably indicate that the channel is broken.
      */
-    status_t publishFocusEvent(uint32_t seq, int32_t eventId, bool hasFocus, bool inTouchMode);
+    status_t publishFocusEvent(uint32_t seq, int32_t eventId, bool hasFocus);
 
     /* Publishes a capture event to the input channel.
      *
@@ -388,6 +400,15 @@
      */
     status_t publishDragEvent(uint32_t seq, int32_t eventId, float x, float y, bool isExiting);
 
+    /* Publishes a touch mode event to the input channel.
+     *
+     * Returns OK on success.
+     * Returns WOULD_BLOCK if the channel is full.
+     * Returns DEAD_OBJECT if the channel's peer has been closed.
+     * Other errors probably indicate that the channel is broken.
+     */
+    status_t publishTouchModeEvent(uint32_t seq, int32_t eventId, bool isInTouchMode);
+
     struct Finished {
         uint32_t seq;
         bool handled;
@@ -658,6 +679,7 @@
     static void initializeFocusEvent(FocusEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
     static void initializeCaptureEvent(CaptureEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
     static void initializeDragEvent(DragEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
+    static void initializeTouchModeEvent(TouchModeEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
     static void addSample(MotionEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg);
     static bool canAddSample(const Batch& batch, const InputMessage* msg);
     static ssize_t findSampleNoLaterThan(const Batch& batch, nsecs_t time);
diff --git a/include/private/surface_control_private.h b/include/private/surface_control_private.h
index 37a476e..7e6c515 100644
--- a/include/private/surface_control_private.h
+++ b/include/private/surface_control_private.h
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 /**
  * Callback to be notified when surface stats for a specific surface control are available.
  */
-typedef void (*ASurfaceControl_SurfaceStatsListener)(void* context,
-        ASurfaceControl* control, ASurfaceControlStats* stats);
+typedef void (*ASurfaceControl_SurfaceStatsListener)(void* context, int32_t id,
+        ASurfaceControlStats* stats);
 
 /**
  * Registers a callback to be invoked when surface stats from a specific surface are available.
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
  *
  * \param func The callback to be invoked when surface stats are available.
  */
-void ASurfaceControl_registerSurfaceStatsListener(ASurfaceControl* control, void* context,
+void ASurfaceControl_registerSurfaceStatsListener(ASurfaceControl* control, int32_t id, void* context,
         ASurfaceControl_SurfaceStatsListener func);
 
 /**
diff --git a/libs/battery/Android.bp b/libs/battery/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c860324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/battery/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libbattery",
+    srcs: [
+        "LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libbattery_test",
+    srcs: [
+        "MultiStateCounterTest.cpp",
+        "LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["libbattery"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..125cfaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Android BPF library - public API
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace battery {
+
+template <>
+bool LongArrayMultiStateCounter::delta(const std::vector<uint64_t>& previousValue,
+                                       const std::vector<uint64_t>& newValue,
+                                       std::vector<uint64_t>* outValue) const {
+    size_t size = previousValue.size();
+    if (newValue.size() != size) {
+        ALOGE("Incorrect array size: %d, should be %d", (int)newValue.size(), (int)size);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool is_delta_valid = true;
+    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        if (newValue[i] >= previousValue[i]) {
+            (*outValue)[i] = newValue[i] - previousValue[i];
+        } else {
+            (*outValue)[i] = 0;
+            is_delta_valid = false;
+        }
+    }
+    return is_delta_valid;
+}
+
+template <>
+void LongArrayMultiStateCounter::add(std::vector<uint64_t>* value1,
+                                     const std::vector<uint64_t>& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
+                                     const uint64_t denominator) const {
+    if (numerator != denominator) {
+        for (int i = value2.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            // The caller ensures that denominator != 0
+            (*value1)[i] += value2[i] * numerator / denominator;
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (int i = value2.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            (*value1)[i] += value2[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+std::string LongArrayMultiStateCounter::valueToString(const std::vector<uint64_t>& v) const {
+    std::stringstream s;
+    s << "{";
+    bool first = true;
+    for (uint64_t n : v) {
+        if (!first) {
+            s << ", ";
+        }
+        s << n;
+        first = false;
+    }
+    s << "}";
+    return s.str();
+}
+
+} // namespace battery
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ui/Size.cpp b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
similarity index 63%
copy from libs/ui/Size.cpp
copy to libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
index d2996d1..f3439f6 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Size.cpp
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Android BPF library - public API
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +15,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <ui/Size.h>
+#pragma once
 
-namespace android::ui {
+#include <vector>
+#include "MultiStateCounter.h"
 
-const Size Size::INVALID{-1, -1};
-const Size Size::EMPTY{0, 0};
+namespace android {
+namespace battery {
 
-} // namespace android::ui
+typedef MultiStateCounter<std::vector<uint64_t>> LongArrayMultiStateCounter;
+
+} // namespace battery
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4e6b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/battery/LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Android BPF library - public API
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "LongArrayMultiStateCounter.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace battery {
+
+class LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest : public testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, stateChange) {
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+
+    // Time was split in half between the two states, so the counts will be split 50:50 too
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({50, 100, 150, 200}), testCounter.getCount(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, accumulation) {
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+    testCounter.setState(0, 4000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({200, 300, 400, 500}), 8000);
+
+    // The first delta is split 50:50:
+    //   0: {50, 100, 150, 200}
+    //   1: {50, 100, 150, 200}
+    // The second delta is split 4:1
+    //   0: {80, 80, 80, 80}
+    //   1: {20, 20, 20, 20}
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({130, 180, 230, 280}), testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint64_t>({70, 120, 170, 220}), testCounter.getCount(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LongArrayMultiStateCounterTest, toString) {
+    LongArrayMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, std::vector<uint64_t>(4));
+    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({0, 0, 0, 0}), 1000);
+    testCounter.setState(0, 1000);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(std::vector<uint64_t>({100, 200, 300, 400}), 3000);
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("[0: {50, 100, 150, 200}, 1: {50, 100, 150, 200}] updated: 3000 currentState: 1",
+                 testCounter.toString().c_str());
+}
+
+} // namespace battery
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2b59a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Android BPF library - public API
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+/**
+ * An object that can track changes of some value over time, taking into account an additional
+ * dimension: the object's state.  As the tracked value changes, the deltas are distributed
+ * among the object states in accordance with the time spent in those states.
+ */
+namespace android {
+namespace battery {
+
+typedef uint16_t state_t;
+
+template <class T>
+class MultiStateCounter {
+    uint16_t stateCount;
+    state_t currentState;
+    time_t lastStateChangeTimestamp;
+    T emptyValue;
+    T lastValue;
+    time_t lastUpdateTimestamp;
+    T deltaValue;
+    bool isEnabled;
+
+    struct State {
+        time_t timeInStateSinceUpdate;
+        T counter;
+    };
+
+    State* states;
+
+public:
+    MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const T& emptyValue);
+
+    virtual ~MultiStateCounter();
+
+    void setEnabled(bool enabled, time_t timestamp);
+
+    void setState(state_t state, time_t timestamp);
+
+    void setValue(state_t state, const T& value);
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the value for the current state and returns the delta from the previously
+     * set value.
+     */
+    const T& updateValue(const T& value, time_t timestamp);
+
+    void addValue(const T& value);
+
+    void reset();
+
+    uint16_t getStateCount();
+
+    const T& getCount(state_t state);
+
+    std::string toString();
+
+private:
+    /**
+     * Subtracts previousValue from newValue and returns the result in outValue.
+     * Returns true iff the combination of previousValue and newValue is valid
+     * (newValue >= prevValue)
+     */
+    bool delta(const T& previousValue, const T& newValue, T* outValue) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Adds value2 to value1 and stores the result in value1.  Denominator is
+     * guaranteed to be non-zero.
+     */
+    void add(T* value1, const T& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
+             const uint64_t denominator) const;
+
+    std::string valueToString(const T& value) const;
+};
+
+// ---------------------- MultiStateCounter Implementation -------------------------
+// Since MultiStateCounter is a template, the implementation must be inlined.
+
+template <class T>
+MultiStateCounter<T>::MultiStateCounter(uint16_t stateCount, const T& emptyValue)
+      : stateCount(stateCount),
+        currentState(0),
+        lastStateChangeTimestamp(-1),
+        emptyValue(emptyValue),
+        lastValue(emptyValue),
+        lastUpdateTimestamp(-1),
+        deltaValue(emptyValue),
+        isEnabled(true) {
+    states = new State[stateCount];
+    for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
+        states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate = 0;
+        states[i].counter = emptyValue;
+    }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+MultiStateCounter<T>::~MultiStateCounter() {
+    delete[] states;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+void MultiStateCounter<T>::setEnabled(bool enabled, time_t timestamp) {
+    if (enabled == isEnabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!enabled) {
+        // Confirm the current state for the side-effect of updating the time-in-state
+        // counter for the current state.
+        setState(currentState, timestamp);
+    }
+
+    isEnabled = enabled;
+
+    if (lastStateChangeTimestamp >= 0) {
+        lastStateChangeTimestamp = timestamp;
+    }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void MultiStateCounter<T>::setState(state_t state, time_t timestamp) {
+    if (isEnabled && lastStateChangeTimestamp >= 0) {
+        if (timestamp >= lastStateChangeTimestamp) {
+            states[currentState].timeInStateSinceUpdate += timestamp - lastStateChangeTimestamp;
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("setState is called with an earlier timestamp: %lu, previous timestamp: %lu\n",
+                  (unsigned long)timestamp, (unsigned long)lastStateChangeTimestamp);
+            // The accumulated durations have become unreliable. For example, if the timestamp
+            // sequence was 1000, 2000, 1000, 3000, if we accumulated the positive deltas,
+            // we would get 4000, which is greater than (last - first). This could lead to
+            // counts exceeding 100%.
+            for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
+                states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    currentState = state;
+    lastStateChangeTimestamp = timestamp;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void MultiStateCounter<T>::setValue(state_t state, const T& value) {
+    states[state].counter = value;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+const T& MultiStateCounter<T>::updateValue(const T& value, time_t timestamp) {
+    T* returnValue = &emptyValue;
+
+    // If the counter is disabled, we ignore the update, except when the counter got disabled after
+    // the previous update, in which case we still need to pick up the residual delta.
+    if (isEnabled || lastUpdateTimestamp < lastStateChangeTimestamp) {
+        // Confirm the current state for the side-effect of updating the time-in-state
+        // counter for the current state.
+        setState(currentState, timestamp);
+
+        if (lastUpdateTimestamp >= 0) {
+            if (timestamp > lastUpdateTimestamp) {
+                if (delta(lastValue, value, &deltaValue)) {
+                    returnValue = &deltaValue;
+                    time_t timeSinceUpdate = timestamp - lastUpdateTimestamp;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
+                        time_t timeInState = states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate;
+                        if (timeInState) {
+                            add(&states[i].counter, deltaValue, timeInState, timeSinceUpdate);
+                            states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    std::stringstream str;
+                    str << "updateValue is called with a value " << valueToString(value)
+                        << ", which is lower than the previous value " << valueToString(lastValue)
+                        << "\n";
+                    ALOGE("%s", str.str().c_str());
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
+                        states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (timestamp < lastUpdateTimestamp) {
+                ALOGE("updateValue is called with an earlier timestamp: %lu, previous: %lu\n",
+                      (unsigned long)timestamp, (unsigned long)lastUpdateTimestamp);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
+                    states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    lastValue = value;
+    lastUpdateTimestamp = timestamp;
+    return *returnValue;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void MultiStateCounter<T>::addValue(const T& value) {
+    if (!isEnabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    add(&states[currentState].counter, value, 1 /* numerator */, 1 /* denominator */);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void MultiStateCounter<T>::reset() {
+    lastStateChangeTimestamp = -1;
+    lastUpdateTimestamp = -1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
+        states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate = 0;
+        states[i].counter = emptyValue;
+    }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+uint16_t MultiStateCounter<T>::getStateCount() {
+    return stateCount;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+const T& MultiStateCounter<T>::getCount(state_t state) {
+    return states[state].counter;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::string MultiStateCounter<T>::toString() {
+    std::stringstream str;
+    str << "[";
+    for (int i = 0; i < stateCount; i++) {
+        if (i != 0) {
+            str << ", ";
+        }
+        str << i << ": " << valueToString(states[i].counter);
+        if (states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate > 0) {
+            str << " timeInStateSinceUpdate: " << states[i].timeInStateSinceUpdate;
+        }
+    }
+    str << "]";
+    if (lastUpdateTimestamp >= 0) {
+        str << " updated: " << lastUpdateTimestamp;
+    }
+    if (lastStateChangeTimestamp >= 0) {
+        str << " currentState: " << currentState;
+        if (lastStateChangeTimestamp > lastUpdateTimestamp) {
+            str << " stateChanged: " << lastStateChangeTimestamp;
+        }
+    } else {
+        str << " currentState: none";
+    }
+    if (!isEnabled) {
+        str << " disabled";
+    }
+    return str.str();
+}
+
+} // namespace battery
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..876bf74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/battery/MultiStateCounterTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Android BPF library - public API
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "MultiStateCounter.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace battery {
+
+typedef MultiStateCounter<double> DoubleMultiStateCounter;
+
+template <>
+bool DoubleMultiStateCounter::delta(const double& previousValue, const double& newValue,
+                                    double* outValue) const {
+    *outValue = newValue - previousValue;
+    return *outValue >= 0;
+}
+
+template <>
+void DoubleMultiStateCounter::add(double* value1, const double& value2, const uint64_t numerator,
+                                  const uint64_t denominator) const {
+    if (numerator != denominator) {
+        // The caller ensures that denominator != 0
+        *value1 += value2 * numerator / denominator;
+    } else {
+        *value1 += value2;
+    }
+}
+
+template <>
+std::string DoubleMultiStateCounter::valueToString(const double& v) const {
+    return std::to_string(v);
+}
+
+class MultiStateCounterTest : public testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, constructor) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(3, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 0);
+    double delta = testCounter.updateValue(3.14, 3000);
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(3.14, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(3.14, delta);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, stateChange) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(3, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(2, 1000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(6.0, 3000);
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2.0, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(4.0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, setEnabled) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(3, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 0);
+    testCounter.setEnabled(false, 1000);
+    testCounter.setState(2, 2000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(6.0, 3000);
+
+    // In state 1: accumulated 1000 before disabled, that's 6.0 * 1000/3000 = 2.0
+    // In state 2: 0, since it is still disabled
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2.0, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+
+    // Should have no effect since the counter is disabled
+    testCounter.setState(0, 3500);
+
+    // Should have no effect since the counter is disabled
+    testCounter.updateValue(10.0, 4000);
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2.0, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+
+    testCounter.setState(2, 4500);
+
+    // Enable the counter to partially accumulate deltas for the current state, 2
+    testCounter.setEnabled(true, 5000);
+    testCounter.setEnabled(false, 6000);
+    testCounter.setEnabled(true, 7000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(20.0, 8000);
+
+    // The delta is 10.0 over 5000-3000=2000.
+    // Counter has been enabled in state 2 for (6000-5000)+(8000-7000) = 2000,
+    // so its share is (20.0-10.0) * 2000/(8000-4000) = 5.0
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2.0, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(5.0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+
+    testCounter.reset();
+    testCounter.setState(0, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
+    testCounter.setEnabled(false, 3000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(200, 5000);
+
+    // 200 over 5000 = 40 per second
+    // Counter was in state 0 from 0 to 2000, so 2 sec, so the count should be 40 * 2 = 80
+    // It stayed in state 1 from 2000 to 3000, at which point the counter was disabled,
+    // so the count for state 1 should be 40 * 1 = 40.
+    // The remaining 2 seconds from 3000 to 5000 don't count because the counter was disabled.
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(80.0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(40.0, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, reset) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(3, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(2.72, 3000);
+
+    testCounter.reset();
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+
+    // Assert that we can still continue accumulating after a reset
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 4000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(3.14, 5000);
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(3.14, testCounter.getCount(1));
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, timeAdjustment_setState) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(3, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(2, 2000);
+
+    // Time moves back
+    testCounter.setState(1, 1000);
+    testCounter.updateValue(6.0, 3000);
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+
+    // We were in state 1 from 0 to 2000, which was erased because the time moved back.
+    // Then from 1000 to 3000, so we expect the count to be 6 * (2000/3000)
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(4.0, testCounter.getCount(1));
+
+    // No time was effectively accumulated for state 2, because the timestamp moved back
+    // while we were in state 2.
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0, testCounter.getCount(2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, timeAdjustment_updateValue) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(1, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(0, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(6.0, 2000);
+
+    // Time moves back. The delta over the negative interval from 2000 to 1000 is ignored
+    testCounter.updateValue(8.0, 1000);
+    double delta = testCounter.updateValue(11.0, 3000);
+
+    // The total accumulated count is:
+    //  6.0          // For the period 0-2000
+    //  +(11.0-8.0)  // For the period 1000-3000
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(9.0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+
+    //  11.0-8.0
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(3.0, delta);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, updateValue_nonmonotonic) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(0, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(6.0, 2000);
+
+    // Value goes down. The negative delta from 6.0 to 4.0 is ignored
+    testCounter.updateValue(4.0, 3000);
+
+    // Value goes up again. The positive delta from 4.0 to 7.0 is accumulated.
+    double delta = testCounter.updateValue(7.0, 4000);
+
+    // The total accumulated count is:
+    //  6.0          // For the period 0-2000
+    //  +(7.0-4.0)   // For the period 3000-4000
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(9.0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+
+    //  7.0-4.0
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(3.0, delta);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, addValue) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(1, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(0, 0);
+    testCounter.updateValue(6.0, 2000);
+
+    testCounter.addValue(8.0);
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(14.0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+
+    testCounter.setEnabled(false, 3000);
+    testCounter.addValue(888.0);
+
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(14.0, testCounter.getCount(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiStateCounterTest, toString) {
+    DoubleMultiStateCounter testCounter(2, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("[0: 0.000000, 1: 0.000000] currentState: none", testCounter.toString().c_str());
+
+    testCounter.updateValue(0, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 0);
+    testCounter.setState(1, 2000);
+    EXPECT_STREQ("[0: 0.000000, 1: 0.000000 timeInStateSinceUpdate: 2000]"
+                 " updated: 0 currentState: 1 stateChanged: 2000",
+                 testCounter.toString().c_str());
+
+    testCounter.updateValue(3.14, 3000);
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ("[0: 0.000000, 1: 3.140000] updated: 3000 currentState: 1",
+                 testCounter.toString().c_str());
+}
+
+} // namespace battery
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h
index 7d14315..f5abb85 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h
@@ -228,10 +228,8 @@
   "android.gfx.tests.IIPCTest",
   "android.gfx.tests.ISafeInterfaceTest",
   "android.graphicsenv.IGpuService",
-  "android.gui.DisplayEventConnection",
   "android.gui.IConsumerListener",
   "android.gui.IGraphicBufferConsumer",
-  "android.gui.IRegionSamplingListener",
   "android.gui.ITransactionComposerListener",
   "android.gui.SensorEventConnection",
   "android.gui.SensorServer",
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
index 565542b..4163897 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
 /**
  * Built-in transaction for all binder objects. This sends a transaction that will immediately
  * return. Usually this is used to make sure that a binder is alive, as a placeholder call, or as a
- * sanity check.
+ * consistency check.
  *
  * Available since API level 29.
  *
diff --git a/libs/ftl/Android.bp b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
index 2524c5f..5a80ad0 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ftl/Android.bp
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
     },
     srcs: [
         "Flags_test.cpp",
+        "cast_test.cpp",
+        "enum_test.cpp",
         "future_test.cpp",
-        "NamedEnum_test.cpp",
         "small_map_test.cpp",
         "small_vector_test.cpp",
         "static_vector_test.cpp",
+        "string_test.cpp",
     ],
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/libs/ftl/Flags_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/Flags_test.cpp
index 8c00b52..d241fa2 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/Flags_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/Flags_test.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 using namespace android::flag_operators;
 
-enum class TestFlags { ONE = 0x1, TWO = 0x2, THREE = 0x4 };
+enum class TestFlags : uint8_t { ONE = 0x1, TWO = 0x2, THREE = 0x4 };
 
 TEST(Flags, Test) {
     Flags<TestFlags> flags = TestFlags::ONE;
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
 
 TEST(Flags, String_UnknownValues) {
     auto flags = Flags<TestFlags>(0b1011);
-    ASSERT_EQ(flags.string(), "ONE | TWO | 0x00000008");
+    ASSERT_EQ(flags.string(), "ONE | TWO | 0b1000");
 }
 
 TEST(FlagsIterator, IteratesOverAllFlags) {
@@ -210,18 +210,4 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(++iter, flags.end());
 }
 
-TEST(FlagNames, RuntimeFlagName) {
-    TestFlags f = TestFlags::ONE;
-    ASSERT_EQ(flag_name(f), "ONE");
-}
-
-TEST(FlagNames, RuntimeUnknownFlagName) {
-    TestFlags f = static_cast<TestFlags>(0x8);
-    ASSERT_EQ(flag_name(f), std::nullopt);
-}
-
-TEST(FlagNames, CompileTimeFlagName) {
-    static_assert(flag_name<TestFlags::TWO>() == "TWO");
-}
-
-} // namespace android::test
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/NamedEnum_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/NamedEnum_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index dff2b8a..0000000
--- a/libs/ftl/NamedEnum_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// Test enum class maximum enum value smaller than default maximum of 8.
-enum class TestEnums { ZERO = 0x0, ONE = 0x1, TWO = 0x2, THREE = 0x3, SEVEN = 0x7 };
-// Big enum contains enum values greater than default maximum of 8.
-enum class TestBigEnums { ZERO = 0x0, FIFTEEN = 0xF };
-
-// Declared to specialize the maximum enum since the enum size exceeds 8 by default.
-template <>
-constexpr size_t NamedEnum::max<TestBigEnums> = 16;
-
-namespace test {
-using android::TestBigEnums;
-using android::TestEnums;
-
-TEST(NamedEnum, RuntimeNamedEnum) {
-    TestEnums e = TestEnums::ZERO;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), "ZERO");
-
-    e = TestEnums::ONE;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), "ONE");
-
-    e = TestEnums::THREE;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), "THREE");
-
-    e = TestEnums::SEVEN;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), "SEVEN");
-}
-
-// Test big enum
-TEST(NamedEnum, RuntimeBigNamedEnum) {
-    TestBigEnums e = TestBigEnums::ZERO;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), "ZERO");
-
-    e = TestBigEnums::FIFTEEN;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), "FIFTEEN");
-}
-
-TEST(NamedEnum, RuntimeNamedEnumAsString) {
-    TestEnums e = TestEnums::ZERO;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e), "ZERO");
-
-    e = TestEnums::ONE;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e), "ONE");
-
-    e = TestEnums::THREE;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e), "THREE");
-
-    e = TestEnums::SEVEN;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e), "SEVEN");
-}
-
-TEST(NamedEnum, RuntimeBigNamedEnumAsString) {
-    TestBigEnums e = TestBigEnums::ZERO;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e), "ZERO");
-
-    e = TestBigEnums::FIFTEEN;
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e), "FIFTEEN");
-}
-
-TEST(NamedEnum, RuntimeUnknownNamedEnum) {
-    TestEnums e = static_cast<TestEnums>(0x5);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), std::nullopt);
-    e = static_cast<TestEnums>(0x9);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::enum_name(e), std::nullopt);
-}
-
-TEST(NamedEnum, RuntimeUnknownNamedEnumAsString) {
-    TestEnums e = static_cast<TestEnums>(0x5);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e), "05");
-    e = static_cast<TestEnums>(0x9);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NamedEnum::string(e, "0x%08x"), "0x00000009");
-}
-
-TEST(NamedEnum, CompileTimeFlagName) {
-    static_assert(NamedEnum::enum_name<TestEnums::TWO>() == "TWO");
-    static_assert(NamedEnum::enum_name<TestEnums::THREE>() == "THREE");
-}
-
-} // namespace test
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ftl/cast_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/cast_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2abcb8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ftl/cast_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ftl/cast.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace android::test {
+
+using ftl::cast_safety;
+using ftl::CastSafety;
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T min = std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T inf = std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T NaN = std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
+
+// Keep in sync with example usage in header file.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint8_t>(-1) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int8_t>(128u) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(-.1f) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<float>(INT32_MAX)) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<float>(-DBL_MAX) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+
+// Unsigned to unsigned.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint8_t>(0u) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint16_t>(max<uint8_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint8_t>(static_cast<uint32_t>(max<uint8_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(max<uint64_t>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint8_t>(static_cast<uint32_t>(max<uint8_t>) + 1) ==
+              CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+// Unsigned to signed.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int16_t>(0u) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int16_t>(max<uint8_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int16_t>(max<uint16_t>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(max<int64_t>) - 1) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(max<int64_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(max<int64_t>) + 1) ==
+              CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+// Signed to unsigned.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint16_t>(0) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint16_t>(max<int8_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint16_t>(max<int16_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(-1) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(max<int64_t>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(max<uint32_t>) - 1) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(max<uint32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(max<uint32_t>) + 1) ==
+              CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+// Signed to signed.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int8_t>(-129) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int8_t>(-128) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int8_t>(127) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int8_t>(128) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(min<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(max<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int16_t>(min<int32_t>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(max<int64_t>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+// Float to float.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<double>(max<float>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<double>(min<float>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<float>(min<double>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<float>(max<double>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+TEST(CastSafety, FloatToFloat) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<float>(std::nexttoward(static_cast<double>(min<float>), min<double>)),
+            CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<float>(std::nexttoward(static_cast<double>(max<float>), max<double>)),
+            CastSafety::kOverflow);
+}
+
+// Unsigned to float.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<float>(0u) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<float>(max<uint64_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<double>(0u) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<double>(max<uint64_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+// Signed to float.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<float>(min<int64_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<float>(max<int64_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<double>(min<int64_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<double>(max<int64_t>) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+// Float to unsigned.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(0.f) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(min<float>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(max<float>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(-.1f) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint16_t>(-inf<float>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(inf<float>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(NaN<float>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(static_cast<float>(max<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(static_cast<float>(max<uint32_t>)) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(static_cast<double>(max<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint32_t>(static_cast<double>(max<uint32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(0.0) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(min<double>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(max<double>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(-.1) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(static_cast<float>(max<int64_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(static_cast<float>(max<uint64_t>)) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(static_cast<double>(max<int64_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<uint64_t>(static_cast<double>(max<uint64_t>)) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+// Float to signed.
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(0.f) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(min<float>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(max<float>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int16_t>(-inf<double>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(inf<double>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(NaN<double>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<float>(min<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<float>(max<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<double>(min<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int32_t>(static_cast<double>(max<int32_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(0.0) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(min<double>) == CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(max<double>) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(static_cast<float>(min<int64_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(static_cast<float>(max<int64_t>)) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(static_cast<double>(min<int64_t>)) == CastSafety::kSafe);
+static_assert(cast_safety<int64_t>(static_cast<double>(max<int64_t>)) == CastSafety::kOverflow);
+
+TEST(CastSafety, FloatToSigned) {
+  constexpr int32_t kMax = ftl::details::safe_limits<int32_t, float>::max();
+  static_assert(kMax == 2'147'483'520);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kMax, static_cast<int32_t>(std::nexttowardf(max<int32_t>, 0)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int32_t>(std::nexttowardf(min<int32_t>, 0)), CastSafety::kSafe);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int32_t>(std::nexttowardf(max<int32_t>, 0)), CastSafety::kSafe);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int64_t>(std::nexttoward(min<int64_t>, 0)), CastSafety::kSafe);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int64_t>(std::nexttoward(max<int64_t>, 0)), CastSafety::kSafe);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int32_t>(std::nexttowardf(min<int32_t>, min<float>)),
+            CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int32_t>(std::nexttowardf(max<int32_t>, max<float>)),
+            CastSafety::kOverflow);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int64_t>(std::nexttoward(min<int64_t>, min<double>)),
+            CastSafety::kUnderflow);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cast_safety<int64_t>(std::nexttoward(max<int64_t>, max<double>)),
+            CastSafety::kOverflow);
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd43ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ftl/enum_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android::test {
+
+// Keep in sync with example usage in header file.
+namespace {
+
+enum class E { A, B, C, F = 5, ftl_last = F };
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<E> == E::A);
+static_assert(ftl::enum_last_v<E> == E::F);
+static_assert(ftl::enum_size_v<E> == 6);
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<E::B>() == "B");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<E::ftl_last>() == "F");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E::C).value_or("?") == "C");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name(E{3}).value_or("?") == "?");
+
+enum class F : std::uint16_t { X = 0b1, Y = 0b10, Z = 0b100 };
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<F> == F{0});
+static_assert(ftl::enum_last_v<F> == F{15});
+static_assert(ftl::enum_size_v<F> == 16);
+
+static_assert(ftl::flag_name(F::Z).value_or("?") == "Z");
+static_assert(ftl::flag_name(F{0b111}).value_or("?") == "?");
+
+// If a scoped enum is unsigned, its implicit range corresponds to its bit indices.
+enum class Flags : std::uint8_t {
+  kNone = 0,
+  kFlag1 = 0b0000'0010,
+  kFlag4 = 0b0001'0000,
+  kFlag7 = 0b1000'0000,
+  kMask = kFlag1 | kFlag4 | kFlag7,
+  kAll = 0b1111'1111
+};
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<Flags> == Flags{0});
+static_assert(ftl::enum_last_v<Flags> == Flags{7});
+static_assert(ftl::enum_size_v<Flags> == 8);
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Flags::kNone>() == "kNone");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Flags::kFlag4>() == "kFlag4");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Flags::kFlag7>() == "kFlag7");
+
+// Though not flags, the enumerators are within the implicit range of bit indices.
+enum class Planet : std::uint8_t {
+  kMercury,
+  kVenus,
+  kEarth,
+  kMars,
+  kJupiter,
+  kSaturn,
+  kUranus,
+  kNeptune
+};
+
+constexpr Planet kPluto{ftl::enum_cast(Planet::kNeptune) + 1};  // Honorable mention.
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<Planet> == Planet::kMercury);
+static_assert(ftl::enum_last_v<Planet> == Planet::kNeptune);
+static_assert(ftl::enum_size_v<Planet> == 8);
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Planet::kMercury>() == "kMercury");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<Planet::kSaturn>() == "kSaturn");
+
+// Unscoped enum must define explicit range, even if the underlying type is fixed.
+enum Temperature : int {
+  kRoom = 20,
+  kFridge = 4,
+  kFreezer = -18,
+
+  ftl_first = kFreezer,
+  ftl_last = kRoom
+};
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_begin_v<Temperature> == kFreezer);
+static_assert(ftl::enum_last_v<Temperature> == kRoom);
+static_assert(ftl::enum_size_v<Temperature> == 39);
+
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<kFreezer>() == "kFreezer");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<kFridge>() == "kFridge");
+static_assert(ftl::enum_name<kRoom>() == "kRoom");
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(Enum, Range) {
+  std::string string;
+  for (E v : ftl::enum_range<E>()) {
+    string += ftl::enum_name(v).value_or("?");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(string, "ABC??F");
+}
+
+TEST(Enum, Name) {
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_name(Flags::kFlag1), "kFlag1");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_name(Flags::kFlag7), "kFlag7");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_name(Flags::kNone), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_name(Flags::kMask), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_name(Flags::kAll), std::nullopt);
+  }
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(Planet::kEarth), "kEarth");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(Planet::kNeptune), "kNeptune");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kPluto), std::nullopt);
+  }
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kRoom), "kRoom");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFridge), "kFridge");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), std::nullopt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_name(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), std::nullopt);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Enum, String) {
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_string(Flags::kFlag1), "kFlag1");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_string(Flags::kFlag7), "kFlag7");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_string(Flags::kNone), "0b0");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_string(Flags::kMask), "0b10010010");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::flag_string(Flags::kAll), "0b11111111");
+  }
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(Planet::kEarth), "kEarth");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(Planet::kNeptune), "kNeptune");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kPluto), "8");
+  }
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kRoom), "kRoom");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kFridge), "kFridge");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(kFreezer), "kFreezer");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(-30)), "-30");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(0)), "0");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::enum_string(static_cast<Temperature>(100)), "100");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/small_map_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/small_map_test.cpp
index 323b9f9..ee650e5 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/small_map_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/small_map_test.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <cctype>
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace std::string_literals;
 
 namespace android::test {
 
@@ -35,16 +38,19 @@
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(map.contains(123));
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(map.find(42, [](const std::string& s) { return s.size(); }), 3u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(map.get(42, [](const std::string& s) { return s.size(); }), 3u);
 
-  const auto opt = map.find(-1);
+  const auto opt = map.get(-1);
   ASSERT_TRUE(opt);
 
   std::string& ref = *opt;
   EXPECT_TRUE(ref.empty());
   ref = "xyz";
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(-1, "xyz")(42, "???")(123, "abc")));
+  map.emplace_or_replace(0, "vanilla", 2u, 3u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.dynamic());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(-1, "xyz")(0, "nil")(42, "???")(123, "abc")));
 }
 
 TEST(SmallMap, Construct) {
@@ -90,42 +96,290 @@
   }
 }
 
+TEST(SmallMap, UniqueKeys) {
+  {
+    // Duplicate mappings are discarded.
+    const SmallMap map = ftl::init::map<int, float>(1)(2)(3)(2)(3)(1)(3)(2)(1);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(map.size(), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(map.max_size(), 9u);
+
+    using Map = decltype(map);
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, Map(ftl::init::map(1, 0.f)(2, 0.f)(3, 0.f)));
+  }
+  {
+    // Duplicate mappings may be reordered.
+    const SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'A')(
+        'b', 'B')('b')('b')('c', 'C')('a')('d')('c')('e', 'E')('d', 'D')('a')('f', 'F');
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(map.size(), 6u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(map.max_size(), 12u);
+
+    using Map = decltype(map);
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, Map(ftl::init::map('a', 'A')('b', 'B')('c', 'C')('d', 'D')('e', 'E')('f', 'F')));
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(SmallMap, Find) {
   {
     // Constant reference.
-    const ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'A')('b', 'B')('c', 'C');
+    const SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'A')('b', 'B')('c', 'C');
 
-    const auto opt = map.find('b');
+    const auto opt = map.get('b');
     EXPECT_EQ(opt, 'B');
 
     const char d = 'D';
-    const auto ref = map.find('d').value_or(std::cref(d));
+    const auto ref = map.get('d').value_or(std::cref(d));
     EXPECT_EQ(ref.get(), 'D');
   }
   {
     // Mutable reference.
-    ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'A')('b', 'B')('c', 'C');
+    SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'A')('b', 'B')('c', 'C');
 
-    const auto opt = map.find('c');
+    const auto opt = map.get('c');
     EXPECT_EQ(opt, 'C');
 
     char d = 'd';
-    const auto ref = map.find('d').value_or(std::ref(d));
+    const auto ref = map.get('d').value_or(std::ref(d));
     ref.get() = 'D';
     EXPECT_EQ(d, 'D');
   }
   {
     // Constant unary operation.
-    const ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'x')('b', 'y')('c', 'z');
-    EXPECT_EQ(map.find('c', [](char c) { return std::toupper(c); }), 'Z');
+    const SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'x')('b', 'y')('c', 'z');
+    EXPECT_EQ(map.get('c', [](char c) { return std::toupper(c); }), 'Z');
   }
   {
     // Mutable unary operation.
-    ftl::SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'x')('b', 'y')('c', 'z');
-    EXPECT_TRUE(map.find('c', [](char& c) { c = std::toupper(c); }));
+    SmallMap map = ftl::init::map('a', 'x')('b', 'y')('c', 'z');
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.get('c', [](char& c) { c = std::toupper(c); }));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map('c', 'Z')('b', 'y')('a', 'x')));
   }
 }
 
+TEST(SmallMap, TryEmplace) {
+  SmallMap<int, std::string, 3> map;
+  using Pair = decltype(map)::value_type;
+
+  {
+    const auto [it, ok] = map.try_emplace(123, "abc");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ok);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(123, "abc"s));
+  }
+  {
+    const auto [it, ok] = map.try_emplace(42, 3u, '?');
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ok);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(42, "???"s));
+  }
+  {
+    const auto [it, ok] = map.try_emplace(-1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ok);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(-1, std::string()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.dynamic());
+  }
+  {
+    // Insertion fails if mapping exists.
+    const auto [it, ok] = map.try_emplace(42, "!!!");
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ok);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(42, "???"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.dynamic());
+  }
+  {
+    // Insertion at capacity promotes the map.
+    const auto [it, ok] = map.try_emplace(999, "xyz");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ok);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(999, "xyz"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.dynamic());
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(-1, ""s)(42, "???"s)(123, "abc"s)(999, "xyz"s)));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// The mapped type does not require a copy/move assignment operator.
+struct String {
+  template <typename... Args>
+  String(Args... args) : str(args...) {}
+  const std::string str;
+
+  bool operator==(const String& other) const { return other.str == str; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(SmallMap, TryReplace) {
+  SmallMap<int, String, 3> map = ftl::init::map(1, "a")(2, "B");
+  using Pair = decltype(map)::value_type;
+
+  {
+    // Replacing fails unless mapping exists.
+    const auto it = map.try_replace(3, "c");
+    EXPECT_EQ(it, map.end());
+  }
+  {
+    // Replacement arguments can refer to the replaced mapping.
+    const auto ref = map.get(2, [](const auto& s) { return s.str[0]; });
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ref);
+
+    // Construct std::string from one character.
+    const auto it = map.try_replace(2, 1u, static_cast<char>(std::tolower(*ref)));
+    ASSERT_NE(it, map.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(2, "b"));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map.dynamic());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.try_emplace(3, "abc").second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.try_emplace(4, "d").second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.dynamic());
+
+  {
+    // Replacing fails unless mapping exists.
+    const auto it = map.try_replace(5, "e");
+    EXPECT_EQ(it, map.end());
+  }
+  {
+    // Replacement arguments can refer to the replaced mapping.
+    const auto ref = map.get(3);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ref);
+
+    // Construct std::string from substring.
+    const auto it = map.try_replace(3, ref->get().str, 2u, 1u);
+    ASSERT_NE(it, map.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(3, "c"));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(4, "d"s)(3, "c"s)(2, "b"s)(1, "a"s)));
+}
+
+TEST(SmallMap, EmplaceOrReplace) {
+  SmallMap<int, String, 3> map = ftl::init::map(1, "a")(2, "B");
+  using Pair = decltype(map)::value_type;
+
+  {
+    // New mapping is emplaced.
+    const auto [it, emplace] = map.emplace_or_replace(3, "c");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(emplace);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(3, "c"));
+  }
+  {
+    // Replacement arguments can refer to the replaced mapping.
+    const auto ref = map.get(2, [](const auto& s) { return s.str[0]; });
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ref);
+
+    // Construct std::string from one character.
+    const auto [it, emplace] = map.emplace_or_replace(2, 1u, static_cast<char>(std::tolower(*ref)));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(emplace);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(2, "b"));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map.dynamic());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map.emplace_or_replace(3, "abc").second);  // Replace.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.emplace_or_replace(4, "d").second);     // Emplace.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.dynamic());
+
+  {
+    // New mapping is emplaced.
+    const auto [it, emplace] = map.emplace_or_replace(5, "e");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(emplace);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(5, "e"));
+  }
+  {
+    // Replacement arguments can refer to the replaced mapping.
+    const auto ref = map.get(3);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ref);
+
+    // Construct std::string from substring.
+    const auto [it, emplace] = map.emplace_or_replace(3, ref->get().str, 2u, 1u);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(emplace);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*it, Pair(3, "c"));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(5, "e"s)(4, "d"s)(3, "c"s)(2, "b"s)(1, "a"s)));
+}
+
+TEST(SmallMap, Erase) {
+  {
+    SmallMap map = ftl::init::map(1, '1')(2, '2')(3, '3')(4, '4');
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.dynamic());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.erase(0));  // Key not found.
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(1, '1')(3, '3')(4, '4')));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(3, '3')(4, '4')));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(4));
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(3, '3')));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(3));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.erase(3));  // Key not found.
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.empty());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.dynamic());
+  }
+  {
+    SmallMap map = ftl::init::map(1, '1')(2, '2')(3, '3');
+    map.try_emplace(4, '4');
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.dynamic());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.erase(0));  // Key not found.
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(1, '1')(3, '3')(4, '4')));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(3, '3')(4, '4')));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(4));
+    EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map(3, '3')));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.erase(3));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map.erase(3));  // Key not found.
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map.dynamic());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(SmallMap, Clear) {
+  SmallMap map = ftl::init::map(1, '1')(2, '2')(3, '3');
+
+  map.clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map.dynamic());
+
+  map = ftl::init::map(1, '1')(2, '2')(3, '3');
+  map.try_emplace(4, '4');
+
+  map.clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.dynamic());
+}
+
+TEST(SmallMap, KeyEqual) {
+  struct KeyEqual {
+    bool operator()(int lhs, int rhs) const { return lhs % 10 == rhs % 10; }
+  };
+
+  SmallMap<int, char, 1, KeyEqual> map;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.try_emplace(3, '3').second);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map.try_emplace(13, '3').second);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.try_emplace(22, '2').second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.contains(42));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map.try_emplace(111, '1').second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(map.get(321), '1');
+
+  map.erase(123);
+  EXPECT_EQ(map, SmallMap(ftl::init::map<int, char, KeyEqual>(1, '1')(2, '2')));
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/small_vector_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/small_vector_test.cpp
index 3a03e69..4237496 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/small_vector_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/small_vector_test.cpp
@@ -460,4 +460,34 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0, dead);
 }
 
+TEST(SmallVector, Clear) {
+  int live = 0;
+  int dead = 0;
+
+  SmallVector<DestroyCounts, 2> counts;
+  counts.emplace_back(live, dead);
+  counts.emplace_back(live, dead);
+
+  counts.clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(counts.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(counts.dynamic());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, live);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, dead);
+
+  live = 0;
+  counts.emplace_back(live, dead);
+  counts.emplace_back(live, dead);
+  counts.emplace_back(live, dead);
+
+  counts.clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(counts.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(counts.dynamic());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, live);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, dead);
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/static_vector_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/static_vector_test.cpp
index cbe8dff..2de3ad2 100644
--- a/libs/ftl/static_vector_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ftl/static_vector_test.cpp
@@ -396,4 +396,19 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0, dead);
 }
 
+TEST(StaticVector, Clear) {
+  int live = 0;
+  int dead = 0;
+
+  StaticVector<DestroyCounts, 5> counts;
+  counts.emplace_back(live, dead);
+  counts.emplace_back(live, dead);
+
+  counts.clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(counts.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, live);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, dead);
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/ftl/string_test.cpp b/libs/ftl/string_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3d85c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ftl/string_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ftl/string.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace android::test {
+
+// Keep in sync with example usage in header file.
+TEST(String, ToChars) {
+  ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<> buffer;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, 123u), "123");
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, -42, ftl::Radix::kBin), "-0b101010");
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, 0xcafe, ftl::Radix::kHex), "0xcafe");
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, '*', ftl::Radix::kHex), "0x2a");
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+template <typename F, typename T>
+void ToCharsTest() {
+  constexpr auto kRadix = F::kRadix;
+
+  using Limits = std::numeric_limits<T>;
+  constexpr auto kMin = Limits::min();
+  constexpr auto kMax = Limits::max();
+  constexpr auto kNeg = static_cast<T>(-42);
+  constexpr auto kPos = static_cast<T>(123);
+
+  ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<T> buffer;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, kMin, kRadix), F{}(kMin));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, kMax, kRadix), F{}(kMax));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, kNeg, kRadix), F{}(kNeg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, kPos, kRadix), F{}(kPos));
+}
+
+template <typename...>
+struct Types {};
+
+template <typename F, typename Types>
+struct ToCharsTests;
+
+template <typename F, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct ToCharsTests<F, Types<T, Ts...>> {
+  static void test() {
+    ToCharsTest<F, T>();
+    ToCharsTests<F, Types<Ts...>>::test();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename F>
+struct ToCharsTests<F, Types<>> {
+  static void test() {}
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>>
+U to_unsigned(std::ostream& stream, T v) {
+  if (std::is_same_v<T, U>) return v;
+
+  if (v < 0) {
+    stream << '-';
+    return std::numeric_limits<U>::max() - static_cast<U>(v) + 1;
+  } else {
+    return static_cast<U>(v);
+  }
+}
+
+struct Bin {
+  static constexpr auto kRadix = ftl::Radix::kBin;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  std::string operator()(T v) const {
+    std::ostringstream stream;
+    auto u = to_unsigned(stream, v);
+    stream << "0b";
+
+    if (u == 0) {
+      stream << 0;
+    } else {
+      std::ostringstream digits;
+      do {
+        digits << (u & 1);
+      } while (u >>= 1);
+
+      const auto str = digits.str();
+      std::copy(str.rbegin(), str.rend(), std::ostream_iterator<char>(stream));
+    }
+
+    return stream.str();
+  }
+};
+
+struct Dec {
+  static constexpr auto kRadix = ftl::Radix::kDec;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  std::string operator()(T v) const {
+    return std::to_string(v);
+  }
+};
+
+struct Hex {
+  static constexpr auto kRadix = ftl::Radix::kHex;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  std::string operator()(T v) const {
+    std::ostringstream stream;
+    const auto u = to_unsigned(stream, v);
+    stream << "0x" << std::hex << std::nouppercase;
+    stream << (sizeof(T) == 1 ? static_cast<unsigned>(u) : u);
+    return stream.str();
+  }
+};
+
+using IntegerTypes =
+    Types<char, unsigned char, signed char, std::uint8_t, std::uint16_t, std::uint32_t,
+          std::uint64_t, std::int8_t, std::int16_t, std::int32_t, std::int64_t>;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(String, ToCharsBin) {
+  ToCharsTests<Bin, IntegerTypes>::test();
+
+  {
+    const std::uint8_t x = 0b1111'1111;
+    ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<decltype(x)> buffer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, x, ftl::Radix::kBin), "0b11111111");
+  }
+  {
+    const std::int16_t x = -0b1000'0000'0000'0000;
+    ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<decltype(x)> buffer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, x, ftl::Radix::kBin), "-0b1000000000000000");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(String, ToCharsDec) {
+  ToCharsTests<Dec, IntegerTypes>::test();
+
+  {
+    const std::uint32_t x = UINT32_MAX;
+    ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<decltype(x)> buffer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, x), "4294967295");
+  }
+  {
+    const std::int32_t x = INT32_MIN;
+    ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<decltype(x)> buffer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, x), "-2147483648");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(String, ToCharsHex) {
+  ToCharsTests<Hex, IntegerTypes>::test();
+
+  {
+    const std::uint16_t x = 0xfade;
+    ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<decltype(x)> buffer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, x, ftl::Radix::kHex), "0xfade");
+  }
+  {
+    ftl::to_chars_buffer_t<> buffer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ftl::to_chars(buffer, INT64_MIN, ftl::Radix::kHex), "-0x8000000000000000");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/types/Android.bp b/libs/gralloc/types/Android.bp
index cda9e19..6afd172 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/types/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gralloc/types/Android.bp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     target: {
         darwin: {
             enabled: false,
-        }
+        },
     },
 
     vendor_available: true,
@@ -48,18 +48,18 @@
     min_sdk_version: "29",
 
     srcs: [
-        "Gralloc4.cpp"
+        "Gralloc4.cpp",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
     ],
 
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "libhidlbase",
     ],
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp b/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp
index e2f072a..61e6657 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp
+++ b/libs/gralloc/types/Gralloc4.cpp
@@ -1134,6 +1134,18 @@
                           decodeByteVector);
 }
 
+status_t encodeSmpte2094_10(const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& smpte2094_10,
+                            hidl_vec<uint8_t>* outSmpte2094_10) {
+    return encodeOptionalMetadata(MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, smpte2094_10, outSmpte2094_10,
+                                  encodeByteVector);
+}
+
+status_t decodeSmpte2094_10(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& smpte2094_10,
+                            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) {
+    return decodeOptionalMetadata(MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, smpte2094_10, outSmpte2094_10,
+                                  decodeByteVector);
+}
+
 status_t encodeUint32(const MetadataType& metadataType, uint32_t input,
                       hidl_vec<uint8_t>* output) {
     return encodeMetadata(metadataType, input, output, encodeInteger);
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h b/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h
index 2f418ac..deaffad 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h
+++ b/libs/gralloc/types/include/gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h
@@ -134,6 +134,12 @@
                                              aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
                                                      StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2094_40)};
 
+static const android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper::MetadataType
+        MetadataType_Smpte2094_10 = {GRALLOC4_STANDARD_METADATA_TYPE,
+                                     static_cast<int64_t>(
+                                             aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
+                                                     StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2094_10)};
+
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 /**
@@ -327,6 +333,11 @@
 status_t decodeSmpte2094_40(const android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& smpte2094_40,
                             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_40);
 
+status_t encodeSmpte2094_10(const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& smpte2094_10,
+                            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>* outSmpte2094_10);
+status_t decodeSmpte2094_10(const android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& smpte2094_10,
+                            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10);
+
 /**
  * The functions below can be used to encode and decode vendor metadata types.
  */
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp b/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp
index 89cbf4a..94e344f 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gralloc/types/tests/Gralloc4_test.cpp
@@ -455,6 +455,32 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testHelperStableAidlTypeOptional(GetParam(), gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_40, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_40));
 }
 
+class Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10
+      : public testing::TestWithParam<std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>> {};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+        Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10Params, Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10,
+        ::testing::Values(
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({}),
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}),
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min(),
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 1,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 2,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 3,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min() + 4}),
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>({std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max(),
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 1,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 2,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 3,
+                                                     std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() - 4}),
+                std::nullopt));
+
+TEST_P(Gralloc4TestSmpte2094_10, Smpte2094_10) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testHelperStableAidlTypeOptional(GetParam(),
+                                                             gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_10,
+                                                             gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10));
+}
+
 class Gralloc4TestBufferDescriptorInfo : public testing::TestWithParam<BufferDescriptorInfo> { };
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
@@ -491,6 +517,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeSmpte2086({{}}, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeCta861_3({{}}, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_40({{}}, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeSmpte2094_10({{}}, nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_F(Gralloc4TestErrors, Gralloc4TestDecodeNull) {
@@ -516,6 +543,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2086(vec, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeCta861_3(vec, nullptr));
     ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_40(vec, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NE(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10(vec, nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_F(Gralloc4TestErrors, Gralloc4TestDecodeBadVec) {
diff --git a/libs/gui/Android.bp b/libs/gui/Android.bp
index 514988b..c5dec19 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/Android.bp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "guiconstants_aidl",
     srcs: [
-        "android/**/DropInputMode.aidl",
+        "android/gui/DropInputMode.aidl",
         "android/**/TouchOcclusionMode.aidl",
     ],
 }
@@ -66,11 +66,13 @@
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
         ":guiconstants_aidl",
+        "android/gui/DisplayInfo.aidl",
         "android/gui/FocusRequest.aidl",
         "android/gui/InputApplicationInfo.aidl",
         "android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl",
         "android/gui/IWindowInfosReportedListener.aidl",
         "android/gui/WindowInfo.aidl",
+        "DisplayInfo.cpp",
         "WindowInfo.cpp",
     ],
 
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@
     ],
 
     aidl: {
-        export_aidl_headers: true
+        export_aidl_headers: true,
     },
 
     include_dirs: [
@@ -136,8 +138,8 @@
     ],
 
     aidl: {
-        export_aidl_headers: true
-    }
+        export_aidl_headers: true,
+    },
 }
 
 cc_library_shared {
@@ -178,11 +180,9 @@
         "FrameTimelineInfo.cpp",
         "GLConsumer.cpp",
         "IConsumerListener.cpp",
-        "IDisplayEventConnection.cpp",
         "IGraphicBufferConsumer.cpp",
         "IGraphicBufferProducer.cpp",
         "IProducerListener.cpp",
-        "IRegionSamplingListener.cpp",
         "ISurfaceComposer.cpp",
         "ISurfaceComposerClient.cpp",
         "ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
index 60c2e2e..85a4b67 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.cpp
@@ -132,13 +132,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-BLASTBufferQueue::BLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name, const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface,
-                                   int width, int height, int32_t format)
-      : mSurfaceControl(surface),
-        mSize(width, height),
+BLASTBufferQueue::BLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name)
+      : mSurfaceControl(nullptr),
+        mSize(1, 1),
         mRequestedSize(mSize),
-        mFormat(format),
-        mNextTransaction(nullptr) {
+        mFormat(PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888),
+        mSyncTransaction(nullptr) {
     createBufferQueue(&mProducer, &mConsumer);
     // since the adapter is in the client process, set dequeue timeout
     // explicitly so that dequeueBuffer will block
@@ -158,24 +157,21 @@
     mBufferItemConsumer->setName(String8(consumerName.c_str()));
     mBufferItemConsumer->setFrameAvailableListener(this);
     mBufferItemConsumer->setBufferFreedListener(this);
-    mBufferItemConsumer->setDefaultBufferSize(mSize.width, mSize.height);
-    mBufferItemConsumer->setDefaultBufferFormat(convertBufferFormat(format));
     mBufferItemConsumer->setBlastBufferQueue(this);
 
     ComposerService::getComposerService()->getMaxAcquiredBufferCount(&mMaxAcquiredBuffers);
     mBufferItemConsumer->setMaxAcquiredBufferCount(mMaxAcquiredBuffers);
-
-    mTransformHint = mSurfaceControl->getTransformHint();
-    mBufferItemConsumer->setTransformHint(mTransformHint);
-    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction()
-            .setFlags(surface, layer_state_t::eEnableBackpressure,
-                      layer_state_t::eEnableBackpressure)
-            .setApplyToken(mApplyToken)
-            .apply();
+    mCurrentMaxAcquiredBufferCount = mMaxAcquiredBuffers;
     mNumAcquired = 0;
     mNumFrameAvailable = 0;
-    BQA_LOGV("BLASTBufferQueue created width=%d height=%d format=%d mTransformHint=%d", width,
-             height, format, mTransformHint);
+    BQA_LOGV("BLASTBufferQueue created width=%d height=%d format=%d mTransformHint=%d", mSize.width,
+             mSize.height, mFormat, mTransformHint);
+}
+
+BLASTBufferQueue::BLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name, const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface,
+                                   int width, int height, int32_t format)
+      : BLASTBufferQueue(name) {
+    update(surface, width, height, format);
 }
 
 BLASTBufferQueue::~BLASTBufferQueue() {
@@ -227,12 +223,9 @@
             // If the buffer supports scaling, update the frame immediately since the client may
             // want to scale the existing buffer to the new size.
             mSize = mRequestedSize;
-            // We only need to update the scale if we've received at least one buffer. The reason
-            // for this is the scale is calculated based on the requested size and buffer size.
-            // If there's no buffer, the scale will always be 1.
             SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* destFrameTransaction =
                     (outTransaction) ? outTransaction : &t;
-            if (mSurfaceControl != nullptr && mLastBufferInfo.hasBuffer) {
+            if (mSurfaceControl != nullptr) {
                 destFrameTransaction->setDestinationFrame(mSurfaceControl,
                                                           Rect(0, 0, newSize.getWidth(),
                                                                newSize.getHeight()));
@@ -289,10 +282,10 @@
                 // case, we don't actually want to flush the frames in between since they will get
                 // processed and merged with the sync transaction and released earlier than if they
                 // were sent to SF
-                if (mWaitForTransactionCallback && mNextTransaction == nullptr &&
+                if (mWaitForTransactionCallback && mSyncTransaction == nullptr &&
                     currFrameNumber >= mLastAcquiredFrameNumber) {
                     mWaitForTransactionCallback = false;
-                    flushShadowQueueLocked();
+                    flushShadowQueue();
                 }
             } else {
                 BQA_LOGE("Failed to find matching SurfaceControl in transactionCommittedCallback");
@@ -318,9 +311,6 @@
 
 void BLASTBufferQueue::transactionCallback(nsecs_t /*latchTime*/, const sp<Fence>& /*presentFence*/,
                                            const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats) {
-    std::function<void(int64_t)> transactionCompleteCallback = nullptr;
-    uint64_t currFrameNumber = 0;
-
     {
         std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
         ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -347,18 +337,6 @@
                                                     stat.latchTime,
                                                     stat.frameEventStats.dequeueReadyTime);
                 }
-                currFrameNumber = stat.frameEventStats.frameNumber;
-
-                if (mTransactionCompleteCallback &&
-                    currFrameNumber >= mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber) {
-                    if (currFrameNumber > mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber) {
-                        BQA_LOGE("transactionCallback received for a newer framenumber=%" PRIu64
-                                 " than expected=%" PRIu64,
-                                 currFrameNumber, mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber);
-                    }
-                    transactionCompleteCallback = std::move(mTransactionCompleteCallback);
-                    mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = 0;
-                }
             } else {
                 BQA_LOGE("Failed to find matching SurfaceControl in transactionCallback");
             }
@@ -369,10 +347,6 @@
 
         decStrong((void*)transactionCallbackThunk);
     }
-
-    if (transactionCompleteCallback) {
-        transactionCompleteCallback(currFrameNumber);
-    }
 }
 
 // Unlike transactionCallbackThunk the release buffer callback does not extend the life of the
@@ -380,19 +354,18 @@
 // So we pass in a weak pointer to the BBQ and if it still alive, then we release the buffer.
 // Otherwise, this is a no-op.
 static void releaseBufferCallbackThunk(wp<BLASTBufferQueue> context, const ReleaseCallbackId& id,
-                                       const sp<Fence>& releaseFence, uint32_t transformHint,
-                                       uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
+                                       const sp<Fence>& releaseFence,
+                                       std::optional<uint32_t> currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
     sp<BLASTBufferQueue> blastBufferQueue = context.promote();
     if (blastBufferQueue) {
-        blastBufferQueue->releaseBufferCallback(id, releaseFence, transformHint,
-                                                currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+        blastBufferQueue->releaseBufferCallback(id, releaseFence, currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
     } else {
         ALOGV("releaseBufferCallbackThunk %s blastBufferQueue is dead", id.to_string().c_str());
     }
 }
 
-void BLASTBufferQueue::flushShadowQueueLocked() {
-    BQA_LOGV("flushShadowQueueLocked");
+void BLASTBufferQueue::flushShadowQueue() {
+    BQA_LOGV("flushShadowQueue");
     int numFramesToFlush = mNumFrameAvailable;
     while (numFramesToFlush > 0) {
         acquireNextBufferLocked(std::nullopt);
@@ -400,25 +373,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-void BLASTBufferQueue::flushShadowQueue() {
-    std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
-    flushShadowQueueLocked();
-}
-
-void BLASTBufferQueue::releaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId& id,
-                                             const sp<Fence>& releaseFence, uint32_t transformHint,
-                                             uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
+void BLASTBufferQueue::releaseBufferCallback(
+        const ReleaseCallbackId& id, const sp<Fence>& releaseFence,
+        std::optional<uint32_t> currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
     BQA_LOGV("releaseBufferCallback %s", id.to_string().c_str());
 
-    if (mSurfaceControl != nullptr) {
-        mTransformHint = transformHint;
-        mSurfaceControl->setTransformHint(transformHint);
-        mBufferItemConsumer->setTransformHint(mTransformHint);
-        BQA_LOGV("updated mTransformHint=%d", mTransformHint);
-    }
-
     // Calculate how many buffers we need to hold before we release them back
     // to the buffer queue. This will prevent higher latency when we are running
     // on a lower refresh rate than the max supported. We only do that for EGL
@@ -428,26 +389,21 @@
         return it != mSubmitted.end() && it->second.mApi == NATIVE_WINDOW_API_EGL;
     }();
 
+    if (currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
+        mCurrentMaxAcquiredBufferCount = *currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount;
+    }
+
     const auto numPendingBuffersToHold =
-            isEGL ? std::max(0u, mMaxAcquiredBuffers - currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) : 0;
+            isEGL ? std::max(0u, mMaxAcquiredBuffers - mCurrentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) : 0;
     mPendingRelease.emplace_back(ReleasedBuffer{id, releaseFence});
 
     // Release all buffers that are beyond the ones that we need to hold
     while (mPendingRelease.size() > numPendingBuffersToHold) {
-        const auto releaseBuffer = mPendingRelease.front();
+        const auto releasedBuffer = mPendingRelease.front();
         mPendingRelease.pop_front();
-        auto it = mSubmitted.find(releaseBuffer.callbackId);
-        if (it == mSubmitted.end()) {
-            BQA_LOGE("ERROR: releaseBufferCallback without corresponding submitted buffer %s",
-                     releaseBuffer.callbackId.to_string().c_str());
-            return;
-        }
-        mNumAcquired--;
-        BQA_LOGV("released %s", id.to_string().c_str());
-        mBufferItemConsumer->releaseBuffer(it->second, releaseBuffer.releaseFence);
-        mSubmitted.erase(it);
+        releaseBuffer(releasedBuffer.callbackId, releasedBuffer.releaseFence);
         // Don't process the transactions here if mWaitForTransactionCallback is set. Instead, let
-        // onFrameAvailable handle processing them since it will merge with the nextTransaction.
+        // onFrameAvailable handle processing them since it will merge with the syncTransaction.
         if (!mWaitForTransactionCallback) {
             acquireNextBufferLocked(std::nullopt);
         }
@@ -459,6 +415,20 @@
     mCallbackCV.notify_all();
 }
 
+void BLASTBufferQueue::releaseBuffer(const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId,
+                                     const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) {
+    auto it = mSubmitted.find(callbackId);
+    if (it == mSubmitted.end()) {
+        BQA_LOGE("ERROR: releaseBufferCallback without corresponding submitted buffer %s",
+                 callbackId.to_string().c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+    mNumAcquired--;
+    BQA_LOGV("released %s", callbackId.to_string().c_str());
+    mBufferItemConsumer->releaseBuffer(it->second, releaseFence);
+    mSubmitted.erase(it);
+}
+
 void BLASTBufferQueue::acquireNextBufferLocked(
         const std::optional<SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction*> transaction) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -530,9 +500,8 @@
     // Ensure BLASTBufferQueue stays alive until we receive the transaction complete callback.
     incStrong((void*)transactionCallbackThunk);
 
-    const bool sizeHasChanged = mRequestedSize != mSize;
+    const bool updateDestinationFrame = mRequestedSize != mSize;
     mSize = mRequestedSize;
-    const bool updateDestinationFrame = sizeHasChanged || !mLastBufferInfo.hasBuffer;
     Rect crop = computeCrop(bufferItem);
     mLastBufferInfo.update(true /* hasBuffer */, bufferItem.mGraphicBuffer->getWidth(),
                            bufferItem.mGraphicBuffer->getHeight(), bufferItem.mTransform,
@@ -540,14 +509,13 @@
 
     auto releaseBufferCallback =
             std::bind(releaseBufferCallbackThunk, wp<BLASTBufferQueue>(this) /* callbackContext */,
-                      std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2, std::placeholders::_3,
-                      std::placeholders::_4);
-    t->setBuffer(mSurfaceControl, buffer, releaseCallbackId, releaseBufferCallback);
+                      std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2, std::placeholders::_3);
+    sp<Fence> fence = bufferItem.mFence ? new Fence(bufferItem.mFence->dup()) : Fence::NO_FENCE;
+    t->setBuffer(mSurfaceControl, buffer, fence, bufferItem.mFrameNumber, releaseCallbackId,
+                 releaseBufferCallback);
     t->setDataspace(mSurfaceControl, static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(bufferItem.mDataSpace));
     t->setHdrMetadata(mSurfaceControl, bufferItem.mHdrMetadata);
     t->setSurfaceDamageRegion(mSurfaceControl, bufferItem.mSurfaceDamage);
-    t->setAcquireFence(mSurfaceControl,
-                       bufferItem.mFence ? new Fence(bufferItem.mFence->dup()) : Fence::NO_FENCE);
     t->addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallbackThunk, static_cast<void*>(this));
 
     mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback.push(mSurfaceControl);
@@ -561,7 +529,6 @@
     if (!bufferItem.mIsAutoTimestamp) {
         t->setDesiredPresentTime(bufferItem.mTimestamp);
     }
-    t->setFrameNumber(mSurfaceControl, bufferItem.mFrameNumber);
 
     if (!mNextFrameTimelineInfoQueue.empty()) {
         t->setFrameTimelineInfo(mNextFrameTimelineInfoQueue.front());
@@ -583,21 +550,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    auto mergeTransaction =
-            [&t, currentFrameNumber = bufferItem.mFrameNumber](
-                    std::tuple<uint64_t, SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction> pendingTransaction) {
-                auto& [targetFrameNumber, transaction] = pendingTransaction;
-                if (currentFrameNumber < targetFrameNumber) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                t->merge(std::move(transaction));
-                return true;
-            };
-
-    mPendingTransactions.erase(std::remove_if(mPendingTransactions.begin(),
-                                              mPendingTransactions.end(), mergeTransaction),
-                               mPendingTransactions.end());
-
+    mergePendingTransactions(t, bufferItem.mFrameNumber);
     if (applyTransaction) {
         t->setApplyToken(mApplyToken).apply();
     }
@@ -631,34 +584,57 @@
     mBufferItemConsumer->releaseBuffer(bufferItem, bufferItem.mFence);
 }
 
+void BLASTBufferQueue::flushAndWaitForFreeBuffer(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock) {
+    if (mWaitForTransactionCallback && mNumFrameAvailable > 0) {
+        // We are waiting on a previous sync's transaction callback so allow another sync
+        // transaction to proceed.
+        //
+        // We need to first flush out the transactions that were in between the two syncs.
+        // We do this by merging them into mSyncTransaction so any buffer merging will get
+        // a release callback invoked. The release callback will be async so we need to wait
+        // on max acquired to make sure we have the capacity to acquire another buffer.
+        if (maxBuffersAcquired(false /* includeExtraAcquire */)) {
+            BQA_LOGD("waiting to flush shadow queue...");
+            mCallbackCV.wait(lock);
+        }
+        while (mNumFrameAvailable > 0) {
+            // flush out the shadow queue
+            acquireAndReleaseBuffer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    while (maxBuffersAcquired(false /* includeExtraAcquire */)) {
+        BQA_LOGD("waiting for free buffer.");
+        mCallbackCV.wait(lock);
+    }
+}
+
 void BLASTBufferQueue::onFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::unique_lock _lock{mMutex};
 
-    const bool nextTransactionSet = mNextTransaction != nullptr;
-    BQA_LOGV("onFrameAvailable-start nextTransactionSet=%s", boolToString(nextTransactionSet));
-    if (nextTransactionSet) {
-        if (mWaitForTransactionCallback) {
-            // We are waiting on a previous sync's transaction callback so allow another sync
-            // transaction to proceed.
-            //
-            // We need to first flush out the transactions that were in between the two syncs.
-            // We do this by merging them into mNextTransaction so any buffer merging will get
-            // a release callback invoked. The release callback will be async so we need to wait
-            // on max acquired to make sure we have the capacity to acquire another buffer.
-            if (maxBuffersAcquired(false /* includeExtraAcquire */)) {
-                BQA_LOGD("waiting to flush shadow queue...");
-                mCallbackCV.wait(_lock);
-            }
-            while (mNumFrameAvailable > 0) {
-                // flush out the shadow queue
-                acquireAndReleaseBuffer();
+    const bool syncTransactionSet = mSyncTransaction != nullptr;
+    BQA_LOGV("onFrameAvailable-start syncTransactionSet=%s", boolToString(syncTransactionSet));
+
+    if (syncTransactionSet) {
+        bool mayNeedToWaitForBuffer = true;
+        // If we are going to re-use the same mSyncTransaction, release the buffer that may already
+        // be set in the Transaction. This is to allow us a free slot early to continue processing
+        // a new buffer.
+        if (!mAcquireSingleBuffer) {
+            auto bufferData = mSyncTransaction->getAndClearBuffer(mSurfaceControl);
+            if (bufferData) {
+                BQA_LOGD("Releasing previous buffer when syncing: framenumber=%" PRIu64,
+                         bufferData->frameNumber);
+                releaseBuffer(bufferData->releaseCallbackId, bufferData->acquireFence);
+                // Because we just released a buffer, we know there's no need to wait for a free
+                // buffer.
+                mayNeedToWaitForBuffer = false;
             }
         }
 
-        while (maxBuffersAcquired(false /* includeExtraAcquire */)) {
-            BQA_LOGD("waiting for free buffer.");
-            mCallbackCV.wait(_lock);
+        if (mayNeedToWaitForBuffer) {
+            flushAndWaitForFreeBuffer(_lock);
         }
     }
 
@@ -670,19 +646,21 @@
     ATRACE_INT(mQueuedBufferTrace.c_str(),
                mNumFrameAvailable + mNumAcquired - mPendingRelease.size());
 
-    BQA_LOGV("onFrameAvailable framenumber=%" PRIu64 " nextTransactionSet=%s", item.mFrameNumber,
-             boolToString(nextTransactionSet));
+    BQA_LOGV("onFrameAvailable framenumber=%" PRIu64 " syncTransactionSet=%s", item.mFrameNumber,
+             boolToString(syncTransactionSet));
 
-    if (nextTransactionSet) {
-        acquireNextBufferLocked(std::move(mNextTransaction));
+    if (syncTransactionSet) {
+        acquireNextBufferLocked(mSyncTransaction);
 
         // Only need a commit callback when syncing to ensure the buffer that's synced has been sent
         // to SF
         incStrong((void*)transactionCommittedCallbackThunk);
-        mNextTransaction->addTransactionCommittedCallback(transactionCommittedCallbackThunk,
+        mSyncTransaction->addTransactionCommittedCallback(transactionCommittedCallbackThunk,
                                                           static_cast<void*>(this));
 
-        mNextTransaction = nullptr;
+        if (mAcquireSingleBuffer) {
+            mSyncTransaction = nullptr;
+        }
         mWaitForTransactionCallback = true;
     } else if (!mWaitForTransactionCallback) {
         acquireNextBufferLocked(std::nullopt);
@@ -704,9 +682,11 @@
     mDequeueTimestamps.erase(bufferId);
 };
 
-void BLASTBufferQueue::setNextTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t) {
+void BLASTBufferQueue::setSyncTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t,
+                                          bool acquireSingleBuffer) {
     std::lock_guard _lock{mMutex};
-    mNextTransaction = t;
+    mSyncTransaction = t;
+    mAcquireSingleBuffer = mSyncTransaction ? acquireSingleBuffer : true;
 }
 
 bool BLASTBufferQueue::rejectBuffer(const BufferItem& item) {
@@ -731,17 +711,6 @@
     return mSize != bufferSize;
 }
 
-void BLASTBufferQueue::setTransactionCompleteCallback(
-        uint64_t frameNumber, std::function<void(int64_t)>&& transactionCompleteCallback) {
-    std::lock_guard _lock{mMutex};
-    if (transactionCompleteCallback == nullptr) {
-        mTransactionCompleteCallback = nullptr;
-    } else {
-        mTransactionCompleteCallback = std::move(transactionCompleteCallback);
-        mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = frameNumber;
-    }
-}
-
 // Check if we have acquired the maximum number of buffers.
 // Consumer can acquire an additional buffer if that buffer is not droppable. Set
 // includeExtraAcquire is true to include this buffer to the count. Since this depends on the state
@@ -849,6 +818,32 @@
     }
 }
 
+void BLASTBufferQueue::applyPendingTransactions(uint64_t frameNumber) {
+    std::lock_guard _lock{mMutex};
+
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    mergePendingTransactions(&t, frameNumber);
+    t.setApplyToken(mApplyToken).apply();
+}
+
+void BLASTBufferQueue::mergePendingTransactions(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t,
+                                                uint64_t frameNumber) {
+    auto mergeTransaction =
+            [&t, currentFrameNumber = frameNumber](
+                    std::tuple<uint64_t, SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction> pendingTransaction) {
+                auto& [targetFrameNumber, transaction] = pendingTransaction;
+                if (currentFrameNumber < targetFrameNumber) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                t->merge(std::move(transaction));
+                return true;
+            };
+
+    mPendingTransactions.erase(std::remove_if(mPendingTransactions.begin(),
+                                              mPendingTransactions.end(), mergeTransaction),
+                               mPendingTransactions.end());
+}
+
 // Maintains a single worker thread per process that services a list of runnables.
 class AsyncWorker : public Singleton<AsyncWorker> {
 private:
diff --git a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
index 46800f2..ee80082 100644
--- a/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.cpp
@@ -146,6 +146,19 @@
     return 1; // keep the callback
 }
 
+void DisplayEventDispatcher::populateFrameTimelines(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event,
+                                                    VsyncEventData* outVsyncEventData) const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < DisplayEventReceiver::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+        DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync::FrameTimeline receiverTimeline =
+                event.vsync.frameTimelines[i];
+        outVsyncEventData->frameTimelines[i] = {.id = receiverTimeline.vsyncId,
+                                                .deadlineTimestamp =
+                                                        receiverTimeline.deadlineTimestamp,
+                                                .expectedPresentTime =
+                                                        receiverTimeline.expectedVSyncTimestamp};
+    }
+}
+
 bool DisplayEventDispatcher::processPendingEvents(nsecs_t* outTimestamp,
                                                   PhysicalDisplayId* outDisplayId,
                                                   uint32_t* outCount,
@@ -169,6 +182,9 @@
                     outVsyncEventData->id = ev.vsync.vsyncId;
                     outVsyncEventData->deadlineTimestamp = ev.vsync.deadlineTimestamp;
                     outVsyncEventData->frameInterval = ev.vsync.frameInterval;
+                    outVsyncEventData->preferredFrameTimelineIndex =
+                            ev.vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex;
+                    populateFrameTimelines(ev, outVsyncEventData);
                     break;
                 case DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG:
                     dispatchHotplug(ev.header.timestamp, ev.header.displayId, ev.hotplug.connected);
diff --git a/libs/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.cpp b/libs/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.cpp
index 03b33c7..b916e48 100644
--- a/libs/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 
 #include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 
 #include <private/gui/ComposerService.h>
diff --git a/libs/gui/DisplayInfo.cpp b/libs/gui/DisplayInfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52d9540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/DisplayInfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "DisplayInfo"
+
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <gui/DisplayInfo.h>
+#include <private/gui/ParcelUtils.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android::gui {
+
+// --- DisplayInfo ---
+
+status_t DisplayInfo::readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    float dsdx, dtdx, tx, dtdy, dsdy, ty;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt32, &displayId);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt32, &logicalWidth);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt32, &logicalHeight);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readFloat, &dsdx);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readFloat, &dtdx);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readFloat, &tx);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readFloat, &dtdy);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readFloat, &dsdy);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readFloat, &ty);
+
+    transform.set({dsdx, dtdx, tx, dtdy, dsdy, ty, 0, 0, 1});
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t DisplayInfo::writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt32, displayId);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt32, logicalWidth);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt32, logicalHeight);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeFloat, transform.dsdx());
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeFloat, transform.dtdx());
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeFloat, transform.tx());
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeFloat, transform.dtdy());
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeFloat, transform.dsdy());
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeFloat, transform.ty());
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::gui
diff --git a/libs/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.cpp b/libs/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c0e246f..0000000
--- a/libs/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
-
-#include <private/gui/BitTube.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace { // Anonymous
-
-enum class Tag : uint32_t {
-    STEAL_RECEIVE_CHANNEL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
-    SET_VSYNC_RATE,
-    REQUEST_NEXT_VSYNC,
-    LAST = REQUEST_NEXT_VSYNC,
-};
-
-} // Anonymous namespace
-
-class BpDisplayEventConnection : public SafeBpInterface<IDisplayEventConnection> {
-public:
-    explicit BpDisplayEventConnection(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
-          : SafeBpInterface<IDisplayEventConnection>(impl, "BpDisplayEventConnection") {}
-
-    ~BpDisplayEventConnection() override;
-
-    status_t stealReceiveChannel(gui::BitTube* outChannel) override {
-        return callRemote<decltype(
-                &IDisplayEventConnection::stealReceiveChannel)>(Tag::STEAL_RECEIVE_CHANNEL,
-                                                                outChannel);
-    }
-
-    status_t setVsyncRate(uint32_t count) override {
-        return callRemote<decltype(&IDisplayEventConnection::setVsyncRate)>(Tag::SET_VSYNC_RATE,
-                                                                            count);
-    }
-
-    void requestNextVsync() override {
-        callRemoteAsync<decltype(&IDisplayEventConnection::requestNextVsync)>(
-                Tag::REQUEST_NEXT_VSYNC);
-    }
-};
-
-// Out-of-line virtual method definition to trigger vtable emission in this translation unit (see
-// clang warning -Wweak-vtables)
-BpDisplayEventConnection::~BpDisplayEventConnection() = default;
-
-IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(DisplayEventConnection, "android.gui.DisplayEventConnection");
-
-status_t BnDisplayEventConnection::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-                                              uint32_t flags) {
-    if (code < IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION || code > static_cast<uint32_t>(Tag::LAST)) {
-        return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    }
-    auto tag = static_cast<Tag>(code);
-    switch (tag) {
-        case Tag::STEAL_RECEIVE_CHANNEL:
-            return callLocal(data, reply, &IDisplayEventConnection::stealReceiveChannel);
-        case Tag::SET_VSYNC_RATE:
-            return callLocal(data, reply, &IDisplayEventConnection::setVsyncRate);
-        case Tag::REQUEST_NEXT_VSYNC:
-            return callLocalAsync(data, reply, &IDisplayEventConnection::requestNextVsync);
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.cpp b/libs/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 40cbfce..0000000
--- a/libs/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "IRegionSamplingListener"
-//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
-
-#include <gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace { // Anonymous
-
-enum class Tag : uint32_t {
-    ON_SAMPLE_COLLECTED = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
-    LAST = ON_SAMPLE_COLLECTED,
-};
-
-} // Anonymous namespace
-
-class BpRegionSamplingListener : public SafeBpInterface<IRegionSamplingListener> {
-public:
-    explicit BpRegionSamplingListener(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
-          : SafeBpInterface<IRegionSamplingListener>(impl, "BpRegionSamplingListener") {}
-
-    ~BpRegionSamplingListener() override;
-
-    void onSampleCollected(float medianLuma) override {
-        callRemoteAsync<decltype(
-                &IRegionSamplingListener::onSampleCollected)>(Tag::ON_SAMPLE_COLLECTED, medianLuma);
-    }
-};
-
-// Out-of-line virtual method definitions to trigger vtable emission in this translation unit (see
-// clang warning -Wweak-vtables)
-BpRegionSamplingListener::~BpRegionSamplingListener() = default;
-
-IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(RegionSamplingListener, "android.gui.IRegionSamplingListener");
-
-status_t BnRegionSamplingListener::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-                                              uint32_t flags) {
-    if (code < IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION || code > static_cast<uint32_t>(Tag::LAST)) {
-        return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    }
-    auto tag = static_cast<Tag>(code);
-    switch (tag) {
-        case Tag::ON_SAMPLE_COLLECTED:
-            return callLocalAsync(data, reply, &IRegionSamplingListener::onSampleCollected);
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
index 1726761..7f73013 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
 // tag as surfaceflinger
 #define LOG_TAG "SurfaceFlinger"
 
+#include <android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
+#include <android/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/ITransactionTraceListener.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
-#include <gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/LayerDebugInfo.h>
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
+using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
 using gui::IWindowInfosListener;
 using ui::ColorMode;
 
@@ -124,11 +126,11 @@
         return remote()->transact(BnSurfaceComposer::CAPTURE_DISPLAY, data, &reply);
     }
 
-    status_t captureDisplay(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack,
+    status_t captureDisplay(DisplayId displayId,
                             const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) override {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(ISurfaceComposer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeUint64, displayOrLayerStack);
+        SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeUint64, displayId.value);
         SAFE_PARCEL(data.writeStrongBinder, IInterface::asBinder(captureListener));
 
         return remote()->transact(BnSurfaceComposer::CAPTURE_DISPLAY_BY_ID, data, &reply);
@@ -282,9 +284,14 @@
             NO_ERROR) {
             std::vector<uint64_t> rawIds;
             if (reply.readUint64Vector(&rawIds) == NO_ERROR) {
-                std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> displayIds(rawIds.size());
-                std::transform(rawIds.begin(), rawIds.end(), displayIds.begin(),
-                               [](uint64_t rawId) { return PhysicalDisplayId(rawId); });
+                std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> displayIds;
+                displayIds.reserve(rawIds.size());
+
+                for (const uint64_t rawId : rawIds) {
+                    if (const auto id = DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(rawId)) {
+                        displayIds.push_back(*id);
+                    }
+                }
                 return displayIds;
             }
         }
@@ -299,8 +306,11 @@
                     &reply);
         uint64_t rawId;
         SAFE_PARCEL(reply.readUint64, &rawId);
-        *displayId = PhysicalDisplayId(rawId);
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        if (const auto id = DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(rawId)) {
+            *displayId = *id;
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        }
+        return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
     sp<IBinder> getPhysicalDisplayToken(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const override {
@@ -1142,41 +1152,6 @@
         return reply.readInt32();
     }
 
-    status_t acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken(sp<IBinder>* outToken) override {
-        if (!outToken) return BAD_VALUE;
-
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        status_t err = data.writeInterfaceToken(ISurfaceComposer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken: failed writing interface token: %s (%d)",
-                  strerror(-err), -err);
-            return err;
-        }
-
-        err = remote()->transact(BnSurfaceComposer::ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN, data,
-                                 &reply);
-        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken: failed to transact: %s (%d)", strerror(-err),
-                  err);
-            return err;
-        }
-
-        err = reply.readInt32();
-        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken: call failed: %s (%d)", strerror(-err), err);
-            return err;
-        }
-
-        err = reply.readStrongBinder(outToken);
-        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken: failed reading binder token: %s (%d)",
-                  strerror(-err), err);
-            return err;
-        }
-
-        return NO_ERROR;
-    }
-
     status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface,
                                   const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) override {
         Parcel data, reply;
@@ -1355,12 +1330,15 @@
         }
         case CAPTURE_DISPLAY_BY_ID: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
-            uint64_t displayOrLayerStack = 0;
+            uint64_t value;
+            SAFE_PARCEL(data.readUint64, &value);
+            const auto id = DisplayId::fromValue(value);
+            if (!id) return BAD_VALUE;
+
             sp<IScreenCaptureListener> captureListener;
-            SAFE_PARCEL(data.readUint64, &displayOrLayerStack);
             SAFE_PARCEL(data.readStrongBinder, &captureListener);
 
-            return captureDisplay(displayOrLayerStack, captureListener);
+            return captureDisplay(*id, captureListener);
         }
         case CAPTURE_LAYERS: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
@@ -1427,9 +1405,9 @@
         }
         case GET_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_TOKEN: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
-            PhysicalDisplayId displayId(data.readUint64());
-            sp<IBinder> display = getPhysicalDisplayToken(displayId);
-            reply->writeStrongBinder(display);
+            const auto id = DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(data.readUint64());
+            if (!id) return BAD_VALUE;
+            reply->writeStrongBinder(getPhysicalDisplayToken(*id));
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
         case GET_DISPLAY_STATE: {
@@ -2062,16 +2040,6 @@
             reply->writeInt32(result);
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
-        case ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
-            sp<IBinder> token;
-            status_t result = acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken(&token);
-            reply->writeInt32(result);
-            if (result == NO_ERROR) {
-                reply->writeStrongBinder(token);
-            }
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
         case SET_FRAME_TIMELINE_INFO: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
             sp<IBinder> binder;
diff --git a/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp b/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
index 98e8b54..aa7ebc9 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.cpp
@@ -254,11 +254,10 @@
     }
 
     void onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId callbackId, sp<Fence> releaseFence,
-                         uint32_t transformHint, uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) override {
+                         uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) override {
         callRemoteAsync<decltype(
                 &ITransactionCompletedListener::onReleaseBuffer)>(Tag::ON_RELEASE_BUFFER,
                                                                   callbackId, releaseFence,
-                                                                  transformHint,
                                                                   currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
     }
 };
diff --git a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
index d266229..ec0573a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/LayerState.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
         z(0),
         w(0),
         h(0),
-        layerStack(0),
         alpha(0),
         flags(0),
         mask(0),
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@
         transform(0),
         transformToDisplayInverse(false),
         crop(Rect::INVALID_RECT),
-        orientedDisplaySpaceRect(Rect::INVALID_RECT),
         dataspace(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN),
         surfaceDamageRegion(),
         api(-1),
@@ -65,12 +63,10 @@
         frameRateCompatibility(ANATIVEWINDOW_FRAME_RATE_COMPATIBILITY_DEFAULT),
         changeFrameRateStrategy(ANATIVEWINDOW_CHANGE_FRAME_RATE_ONLY_IF_SEAMLESS),
         fixedTransformHint(ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID),
-        frameNumber(0),
         autoRefresh(false),
         isTrustedOverlay(false),
         bufferCrop(Rect::INVALID_RECT),
         destinationFrame(Rect::INVALID_RECT),
-        releaseBufferListener(nullptr),
         dropInputMode(gui::DropInputMode::NONE) {
     matrix.dsdx = matrix.dtdy = 1.0f;
     matrix.dsdy = matrix.dtdx = 0.0f;
@@ -87,7 +83,7 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeInt32, z);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, w);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, h);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, layerStack);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, layerStack.id);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeFloat, alpha);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, flags);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, mask);
@@ -103,21 +99,6 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, transparentRegion);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, transform);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, transformToDisplayInverse);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
-
-    if (buffer) {
-        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, true);
-        SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, *buffer);
-    } else {
-        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, false);
-    }
-
-    if (acquireFence) {
-        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, true);
-        SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, *acquireFence);
-    } else {
-        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, false);
-    }
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, static_cast<uint32_t>(dataspace));
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, hdrMetadata);
@@ -134,8 +115,6 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, colorTransform.asArray(), 16 * sizeof(float));
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeFloat, cornerRadius);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, backgroundBlurRadius);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, cachedBuffer.token.promote());
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint64, cachedBuffer.id);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeParcelable, metadata);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeFloat, bgColorAlpha);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, static_cast<uint32_t>(bgColorDataspace));
@@ -152,9 +131,7 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, frameRateCompatibility);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeByte, changeFrameRateStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, fixedTransformHint);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint64, frameNumber);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, autoRefresh);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, IInterface::asBinder(releaseBufferListener));
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, blurRegions.size());
     for (auto region : blurRegions) {
@@ -175,8 +152,8 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, destinationFrame);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, isTrustedOverlay);
 
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, releaseBufferEndpoint);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, static_cast<uint32_t>(dropInputMode));
+    SAFE_PARCEL(bufferData.write, output);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -190,7 +167,7 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readInt32, &z);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &w);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &h);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &layerStack);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &layerStack.id);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readFloat, &alpha);
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &flags);
@@ -216,20 +193,6 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, transparentRegion);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &transform);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &transformToDisplayInverse);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
-
-    bool tmpBool = false;
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &tmpBool);
-    if (tmpBool) {
-        buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
-        SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, *buffer);
-    }
-
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &tmpBool);
-    if (tmpBool) {
-        acquireFence = new Fence();
-        SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, *acquireFence);
-    }
 
     uint32_t tmpUint32 = 0;
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &tmpUint32);
@@ -238,6 +201,8 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, hdrMetadata);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, surfaceDamageRegion);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readInt32, &api);
+
+    bool tmpBool = false;
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &tmpBool);
     if (tmpBool) {
         sidebandStream = NativeHandle::create(input.readNativeHandle(), true);
@@ -246,10 +211,6 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, &colorTransform, 16 * sizeof(float));
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readFloat, &cornerRadius);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &backgroundBlurRadius);
-    sp<IBinder> tmpBinder;
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readNullableStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
-    cachedBuffer.token = tmpBinder;
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint64, &cachedBuffer.id);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readParcelable, &metadata);
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readFloat, &bgColorAlpha);
@@ -274,15 +235,8 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readByte, &changeFrameRateStrategy);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &tmpUint32);
     fixedTransformHint = static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(tmpUint32);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint64, &frameNumber);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &autoRefresh);
 
-    tmpBinder = nullptr;
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readNullableStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
-    if (tmpBinder) {
-        releaseBufferListener = checked_interface_cast<ITransactionCompletedListener>(tmpBinder);
-    }
-
     uint32_t numRegions = 0;
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &numRegions);
     blurRegions.clear();
@@ -306,11 +260,10 @@
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, destinationFrame);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &isTrustedOverlay);
 
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readNullableStrongBinder, &releaseBufferEndpoint);
-
     uint32_t mode;
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &mode);
     dropInputMode = static_cast<gui::DropInputMode>(mode);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(bufferData.read, input);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -322,21 +275,14 @@
     return state.read(input);
 }
 
-DisplayState::DisplayState()
-      : what(0),
-        layerStack(0),
-        flags(0),
-        layerStackSpaceRect(Rect::EMPTY_RECT),
-        orientedDisplaySpaceRect(Rect::EMPTY_RECT),
-        width(0),
-        height(0) {}
+DisplayState::DisplayState() = default;
 
 status_t DisplayState::write(Parcel& output) const {
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, token);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, IInterface::asBinder(surface));
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, what);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, layerStack);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, flags);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, layerStack.id);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint32, toRotationInt(orientation));
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, layerStackSpaceRect);
     SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
@@ -352,8 +298,8 @@
     surface = interface_cast<IGraphicBufferProducer>(tmpBinder);
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &what);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &layerStack);
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &flags);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &layerStack.id);
     uint32_t tmpUint = 0;
     SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint32, &tmpUint);
     orientation = ui::toRotation(tmpUint);
@@ -468,12 +414,7 @@
     }
     if (other.what & eBufferChanged) {
         what |= eBufferChanged;
-        buffer = other.buffer;
-        releaseBufferEndpoint = other.releaseBufferEndpoint;
-    }
-    if (other.what & eAcquireFenceChanged) {
-        what |= eAcquireFenceChanged;
-        acquireFence = other.acquireFence;
+        bufferData = other.bufferData;
     }
     if (other.what & eDataspaceChanged) {
         what |= eDataspaceChanged;
@@ -506,10 +447,6 @@
         what |= eInputInfoChanged;
         windowInfoHandle = new WindowInfoHandle(*other.windowInfoHandle);
     }
-    if (other.what & eCachedBufferChanged) {
-        what |= eCachedBufferChanged;
-        cachedBuffer = other.cachedBuffer;
-    }
     if (other.what & eBackgroundColorChanged) {
         what |= eBackgroundColorChanged;
         color = other.color;
@@ -538,10 +475,6 @@
         what |= eFixedTransformHintChanged;
         fixedTransformHint = other.fixedTransformHint;
     }
-    if (other.what & eFrameNumberChanged) {
-        what |= eFrameNumberChanged;
-        frameNumber = other.frameNumber;
-    }
     if (other.what & eAutoRefreshChanged) {
         what |= eAutoRefreshChanged;
         autoRefresh = other.autoRefresh;
@@ -550,13 +483,6 @@
         what |= eTrustedOverlayChanged;
         isTrustedOverlay = other.isTrustedOverlay;
     }
-    if (other.what & eReleaseBufferListenerChanged) {
-        if (releaseBufferListener) {
-            ALOGW("Overriding releaseBufferListener");
-        }
-        what |= eReleaseBufferListenerChanged;
-        releaseBufferListener = other.releaseBufferListener;
-    }
     if (other.what & eStretchChanged) {
         what |= eStretchChanged;
         stretchEffect = other.stretchEffect;
@@ -569,6 +495,9 @@
         what |= eDestinationFrameChanged;
         destinationFrame = other.destinationFrame;
     }
+    if (other.what & eProducerDisconnect) {
+        what |= eProducerDisconnect;
+    }
     if (other.what & eDropInputModeChanged) {
         what |= eDropInputModeChanged;
         dropInputMode = other.dropInputMode;
@@ -579,17 +508,17 @@
     }
     if ((other.what & what) != other.what) {
         ALOGE("Unmerged SurfaceComposer Transaction properties. LayerState::merge needs updating? "
-              "other.what=0x%" PRIu64 " what=0x%" PRIu64,
-              other.what, what);
+              "other.what=0x%" PRIX64 " what=0x%" PRIX64 " unmerged flags=0x%" PRIX64,
+              other.what, what, (other.what & what) ^ other.what);
     }
 }
 
 bool layer_state_t::hasBufferChanges() const {
-    return (what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) || (what & layer_state_t::eCachedBufferChanged);
+    return what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
 }
 
 bool layer_state_t::hasValidBuffer() const {
-    return buffer || cachedBuffer.isValid();
+    return bufferData.buffer || bufferData.cachedBuffer.isValid();
 }
 
 status_t layer_state_t::matrix22_t::write(Parcel& output) const {
@@ -621,9 +550,7 @@
 }
 
 bool InputWindowCommands::empty() const {
-    bool empty = true;
-    empty = focusRequests.empty() && !syncInputWindows;
-    return empty;
+    return focusRequests.empty() && !syncInputWindows;
 }
 
 void InputWindowCommands::clear() {
@@ -750,4 +677,66 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+status_t BufferData::write(Parcel& output) const {
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeInt32, flags.get());
+
+    if (buffer) {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, true);
+        SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, *buffer);
+    } else {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, false);
+    }
+
+    if (acquireFence) {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, true);
+        SAFE_PARCEL(output.write, *acquireFence);
+    } else {
+        SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeBool, false);
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint64, frameNumber);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, IInterface::asBinder(releaseBufferListener));
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, releaseBufferEndpoint);
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeStrongBinder, cachedBuffer.token.promote());
+    SAFE_PARCEL(output.writeUint64, cachedBuffer.id);
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t BufferData::read(const Parcel& input) {
+    int32_t tmpInt32;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readInt32, &tmpInt32);
+    flags = Flags<BufferDataChange>(tmpInt32);
+
+    bool tmpBool = false;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &tmpBool);
+    if (tmpBool) {
+        buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+        SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, *buffer);
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readBool, &tmpBool);
+    if (tmpBool) {
+        acquireFence = new Fence();
+        SAFE_PARCEL(input.read, *acquireFence);
+    }
+
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint64, &frameNumber);
+
+    sp<IBinder> tmpBinder = nullptr;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readNullableStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
+    if (tmpBinder) {
+        releaseBufferListener = checked_interface_cast<ITransactionCompletedListener>(tmpBinder);
+    }
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readNullableStrongBinder, &releaseBufferEndpoint);
+
+    tmpBinder = nullptr;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readNullableStrongBinder, &tmpBinder);
+    cachedBuffer.token = tmpBinder;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(input.readUint64, &cachedBuffer.id);
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 922bceb..e1fe26a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 using gui::FocusRequest;
+using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 using gui::WindowInfoHandle;
 using gui::WindowInfosListener;
@@ -214,12 +215,6 @@
     mReleaseBufferCallbacks[callbackId] = listener;
 }
 
-void TransactionCompletedListener::removeReleaseBufferCallback(
-        const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId) {
-    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-    mReleaseBufferCallbacks.erase(callbackId);
-}
-
 void TransactionCompletedListener::addSurfaceStatsListener(void* context, void* cookie,
         sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl, SurfaceStatsCallback listener) {
     std::scoped_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mSurfaceStatsListenerMutex);
@@ -343,7 +338,6 @@
                                  surfaceStats.previousReleaseFence
                                          ? surfaceStats.previousReleaseFence
                                          : Fence::NO_FENCE,
-                                 surfaceStats.transformHint,
                                  surfaceStats.currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
                     }
                 }
@@ -359,6 +353,10 @@
             // through all until the SC is found.
             int32_t layerId = -1;
             for (auto callbackId : transactionStats.callbackIds) {
+                if (callbackId.type != CallbackId::Type::ON_COMPLETE) {
+                    // We only want to run the stats callback for ON_COMPLETE
+                    continue;
+                }
                 sp<SurfaceControl> sc =
                         callbacksMap[callbackId].surfaceControls[surfaceStats.surfaceControl];
                 if (sc != nullptr) {
@@ -367,7 +365,7 @@
                 }
             }
 
-            {
+            if (layerId != -1) {
                 // Acquire surface stats listener lock such that we guarantee that after calling
                 // unregister, there won't be any further callback.
                 std::scoped_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mSurfaceStatsListenerMutex);
@@ -389,7 +387,7 @@
 }
 
 void TransactionCompletedListener::onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId callbackId,
-                                                   sp<Fence> releaseFence, uint32_t transformHint,
+                                                   sp<Fence> releaseFence,
                                                    uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
     ReleaseBufferCallback callback;
     {
@@ -401,7 +399,11 @@
               callbackId.to_string().c_str());
         return;
     }
-    callback(callbackId, releaseFence, transformHint, currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+    std::optional<uint32_t> optionalMaxAcquiredBufferCount =
+            currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount == UINT_MAX
+            ? std::nullopt
+            : std::make_optional<uint32_t>(currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+    callback(callbackId, releaseFence, optionalMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
 }
 
 ReleaseBufferCallback TransactionCompletedListener::popReleaseBufferCallbackLocked(
@@ -416,6 +418,14 @@
     return callback;
 }
 
+void TransactionCompletedListener::removeReleaseBufferCallback(
+        const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId) {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        popReleaseBufferCallbackLocked(callbackId);
+    }
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 void removeDeadBufferCallback(void* /*context*/, uint64_t graphicBufferId);
@@ -712,11 +722,34 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::releaseBufferIfOverwriting(const layer_state_t& state) {
+    if (!(state.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto listener = state.bufferData.releaseBufferListener;
+    sp<Fence> fence =
+            state.bufferData.acquireFence ? state.bufferData.acquireFence : Fence::NO_FENCE;
+    if (state.bufferData.releaseBufferEndpoint ==
+        IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance())) {
+        // if the callback is in process, run on a different thread to avoid any lock contigency
+        // issues in the client.
+        SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault()
+                ->mReleaseCallbackThread.addReleaseCallback(state.bufferData.releaseCallbackId,
+                                                            fence);
+    } else {
+        listener->onReleaseBuffer(state.bufferData.releaseCallbackId, fence, UINT_MAX);
+    }
+}
+
 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::merge(Transaction&& other) {
     for (auto const& [handle, composerState] : other.mComposerStates) {
         if (mComposerStates.count(handle) == 0) {
             mComposerStates[handle] = composerState;
         } else {
+            if (composerState.state.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+                releaseBufferIfOverwriting(mComposerStates[handle].state);
+            }
             mComposerStates[handle].state.merge(composerState.state);
         }
     }
@@ -805,7 +838,7 @@
         layer_state_t* s = &(mComposerStates[handle].state);
         if (!(s->what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)) {
             continue;
-        } else if (s->what & layer_state_t::eCachedBufferChanged) {
+        } else if (s->bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::cachedBufferChanged)) {
             // If eBufferChanged and eCachedBufferChanged are both trued then that means
             // we already cached the buffer in a previous call to cacheBuffers, perhaps
             // from writeToParcel on a Transaction that was merged in to this one.
@@ -814,23 +847,22 @@
 
         // Don't try to cache a null buffer. Sending null buffers is cheap so we shouldn't waste
         // time trying to cache them.
-        if (!s->buffer) {
+        if (!s->bufferData.buffer) {
             continue;
         }
 
         uint64_t cacheId = 0;
-        status_t ret = BufferCache::getInstance().getCacheId(s->buffer, &cacheId);
+        status_t ret = BufferCache::getInstance().getCacheId(s->bufferData.buffer, &cacheId);
         if (ret == NO_ERROR) {
             // Cache-hit. Strip the buffer and send only the id.
-            s->what &= ~static_cast<uint64_t>(layer_state_t::eBufferChanged);
-            s->buffer = nullptr;
+            s->bufferData.buffer = nullptr;
         } else {
             // Cache-miss. Include the buffer and send the new cacheId.
-            cacheId = BufferCache::getInstance().cache(s->buffer);
+            cacheId = BufferCache::getInstance().cache(s->bufferData.buffer);
         }
-        s->what |= layer_state_t::eCachedBufferChanged;
-        s->cachedBuffer.token = BufferCache::getInstance().getToken();
-        s->cachedBuffer.id = cacheId;
+        s->bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::cachedBufferChanged;
+        s->bufferData.cachedBuffer.token = BufferCache::getInstance().getToken();
+        s->bufferData.cachedBuffer.id = cacheId;
 
         // If we have more buffers than the size of the cache, we should stop caching so we don't
         // evict other buffers in this transaction
@@ -1112,7 +1144,7 @@
 }
 
 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setLayerStack(
-        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, uint32_t layerStack) {
+        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
     layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
     if (!s) {
         mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
@@ -1288,75 +1320,83 @@
     return *this;
 }
 
+std::optional<BufferData> SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::getAndClearBuffer(
+        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc) {
+    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
+    if (!s) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (!(s->what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    BufferData bufferData = s->bufferData;
+
+    TransactionCompletedListener::getInstance()->removeReleaseBufferCallback(
+            bufferData.releaseCallbackId);
+    BufferData emptyBufferData;
+    s->what &= ~layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
+    s->bufferData = emptyBufferData;
+
+    mContainsBuffer = false;
+    return bufferData;
+}
+
 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setBuffer(
-        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const ReleaseCallbackId& id,
-        ReleaseBufferCallback callback) {
+        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
+        const std::optional<sp<Fence>>& fence, const std::optional<uint64_t>& frameNumber,
+        const ReleaseCallbackId& id, ReleaseBufferCallback callback) {
     layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
     if (!s) {
         mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
         return *this;
     }
-    removeReleaseBufferCallback(s);
-    s->what |= layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
-    s->buffer = buffer;
-    s->releaseBufferEndpoint = IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
+
+    releaseBufferIfOverwriting(*s);
+
+    BufferData bufferData;
+    bufferData.buffer = buffer;
+    if (frameNumber) {
+        bufferData.frameNumber = *frameNumber;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+    }
+    if (fence) {
+        bufferData.acquireFence = *fence;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+    }
+    bufferData.releaseBufferEndpoint =
+            IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
     if (mIsAutoTimestamp) {
         mDesiredPresentTime = systemTime();
     }
-    setReleaseBufferCallback(s, id, callback);
-
+    setReleaseBufferCallback(&bufferData, id, callback);
+    s->what |= layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
+    s->bufferData = bufferData;
     registerSurfaceControlForCallback(sc);
 
     mContainsBuffer = true;
     return *this;
 }
 
-void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::removeReleaseBufferCallback(layer_state_t* s) {
-    if (!s->releaseBufferListener) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    s->what &= ~static_cast<uint64_t>(layer_state_t::eReleaseBufferListenerChanged);
-    s->releaseBufferListener = nullptr;
-    auto listener = TransactionCompletedListener::getInstance();
-    listener->removeReleaseBufferCallback(s->releaseCallbackId);
-    s->releaseCallbackId = ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID;
-}
-
-void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setReleaseBufferCallback(layer_state_t* s,
+void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setReleaseBufferCallback(BufferData* bufferData,
                                                                   const ReleaseCallbackId& id,
                                                                   ReleaseBufferCallback callback) {
     if (!callback) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!s->buffer) {
+    if (!bufferData->buffer) {
         ALOGW("Transaction::setReleaseBufferCallback"
               "ignored trying to set a callback on a null buffer.");
         return;
     }
 
-    s->what |= layer_state_t::eReleaseBufferListenerChanged;
-    s->releaseBufferListener = TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance();
-    s->releaseCallbackId = id;
+    bufferData->releaseBufferListener = TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance();
+    bufferData->releaseCallbackId = id;
     auto listener = TransactionCompletedListener::getInstance();
     listener->setReleaseBufferCallback(id, callback);
 }
 
-SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setAcquireFence(
-        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const sp<Fence>& fence) {
-    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
-    if (!s) {
-        mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    s->what |= layer_state_t::eAcquireFenceChanged;
-    s->acquireFence = fence;
-
-    registerSurfaceControlForCallback(sc);
-    return *this;
-}
-
 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setDataspace(
         const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
@@ -1506,20 +1546,6 @@
     return *this;
 }
 
-SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setFrameNumber(
-        const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, uint64_t frameNumber) {
-    layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
-    if (!s) {
-        mStatus = BAD_INDEX;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    s->what |= layer_state_t::eFrameNumberChanged;
-    s->frameNumber = frameNumber;
-
-    return *this;
-}
-
 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction& SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setInputWindowInfo(
         const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const WindowInfo& info) {
     layer_state_t* s = getLayerState(sc);
@@ -1792,7 +1818,7 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setDisplayLayerStack(const sp<IBinder>& token,
-        uint32_t layerStack) {
+                                                              ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
     DisplayState& s(getDisplayState(token));
     s.layerStack = layerStack;
     s.what |= DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged;
@@ -2216,12 +2242,12 @@
     return s->captureDisplay(captureArgs, captureListener);
 }
 
-status_t ScreenshotClient::captureDisplay(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack,
+status_t ScreenshotClient::captureDisplay(DisplayId displayId,
                                           const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     sp<ISurfaceComposer> s(ComposerService::getComposerService());
     if (s == nullptr) return NO_INIT;
 
-    return s->captureDisplay(displayOrLayerStack, captureListener);
+    return s->captureDisplay(displayId, captureListener);
 }
 
 status_t ScreenshotClient::captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& captureArgs,
@@ -2232,4 +2258,43 @@
     return s->captureLayers(captureArgs, captureListener);
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ReleaseCallbackThread::addReleaseCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId callbackId,
+                                               sp<Fence> releaseFence) {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    if (!mStarted) {
+        mThread = std::thread(&ReleaseCallbackThread::threadMain, this);
+        mStarted = true;
+    }
+
+    mCallbackInfos.emplace(callbackId, std::move(releaseFence));
+    mReleaseCallbackPending.notify_one();
+}
+
+void ReleaseCallbackThread::threadMain() {
+    const auto listener = TransactionCompletedListener::getInstance();
+    std::queue<std::tuple<const ReleaseCallbackId, const sp<Fence>>> callbackInfos;
+    while (true) {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+            callbackInfos = std::move(mCallbackInfos);
+            mCallbackInfos = {};
+        }
+
+        while (!callbackInfos.empty()) {
+            auto [callbackId, releaseFence] = callbackInfos.front();
+            listener->onReleaseBuffer(callbackId, std::move(releaseFence), UINT_MAX);
+            callbackInfos.pop();
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+            if (mCallbackInfos.size() == 0) {
+                mReleaseCallbackPending.wait(lock);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp b/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp
index b2ef7aa..5f3a726 100644
--- a/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/WindowInfo.cpp
@@ -54,12 +54,11 @@
             info.frameLeft == frameLeft && info.frameTop == frameTop &&
             info.frameRight == frameRight && info.frameBottom == frameBottom &&
             info.surfaceInset == surfaceInset && info.globalScaleFactor == globalScaleFactor &&
-            info.transform == transform && info.displayOrientation == displayOrientation &&
-            info.displayWidth == displayWidth && info.displayHeight == displayHeight &&
-            info.touchableRegion.hasSameRects(touchableRegion) && info.visible == visible &&
-            info.trustedOverlay == trustedOverlay && info.focusable == focusable &&
-            info.touchOcclusionMode == touchOcclusionMode && info.hasWallpaper == hasWallpaper &&
-            info.paused == paused && info.ownerPid == ownerPid && info.ownerUid == ownerUid &&
+            info.transform == transform && info.touchableRegion.hasSameRects(touchableRegion) &&
+            info.visible == visible && info.trustedOverlay == trustedOverlay &&
+            info.focusable == focusable && info.touchOcclusionMode == touchOcclusionMode &&
+            info.hasWallpaper == hasWallpaper && info.paused == paused &&
+            info.ownerPid == ownerPid && info.ownerUid == ownerUid &&
             info.packageName == packageName && info.inputFeatures == inputFeatures &&
             info.displayId == displayId && info.portalToDisplayId == portalToDisplayId &&
             info.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop == replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop &&
@@ -97,9 +96,6 @@
         parcel->writeFloat(transform.dtdy()) ?:
         parcel->writeFloat(transform.dsdy()) ?:
         parcel->writeFloat(transform.ty()) ?:
-        parcel->writeUint32(displayOrientation) ?:
-        parcel->writeInt32(displayWidth) ?:
-        parcel->writeInt32(displayHeight) ?:
         parcel->writeBool(visible) ?:
         parcel->writeBool(focusable) ?:
         parcel->writeBool(hasWallpaper) ?:
@@ -155,9 +151,6 @@
         parcel->readFloat(&dtdy) ?:
         parcel->readFloat(&dsdy) ?:
         parcel->readFloat(&ty) ?:
-        parcel->readUint32(&displayOrientation) ?:
-        parcel->readInt32(&displayWidth) ?:
-        parcel->readInt32(&displayHeight) ?:
         parcel->readBool(&visible) ?:
         parcel->readBool(&focusable) ?:
         parcel->readBool(&hasWallpaper) ?:
diff --git a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
index c00a438..c32b9ab 100644
--- a/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+using gui::DisplayInfo;
 using gui::IWindowInfosReportedListener;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 using gui::WindowInfosListener;
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status WindowInfosListenerReporter::onWindowInfosChanged(
-        const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+        const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos, const std::vector<DisplayInfo>& displayInfos,
         const sp<IWindowInfosReportedListener>& windowInfosReportedListener) {
     std::unordered_set<sp<WindowInfosListener>, ISurfaceComposer::SpHash<WindowInfosListener>>
             windowInfosListeners;
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@
     }
 
     for (auto listener : windowInfosListeners) {
-        listener->onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos);
+        listener->onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos);
     }
 
     if (windowInfosReportedListener) {
diff --git a/libs/ui/Size.cpp b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/BitTube.aidl
similarity index 74%
copy from libs/ui/Size.cpp
copy to libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/BitTube.aidl
index d2996d1..6b0595e 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Size.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/BitTube.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <ui/Size.h>
+package android.gui;
 
-namespace android::ui {
-
-const Size Size::INVALID{-1, -1};
-const Size Size::EMPTY{0, 0};
-
-} // namespace android::ui
+parcelable BitTube cpp_header "private/gui/BitTube.h";
diff --git a/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.aidl b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f41593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.gui;
+
+import android.gui.BitTube;
+
+/** @hide */
+interface IDisplayEventConnection {
+    /*
+     * stealReceiveChannel() returns a BitTube to receive events from. Only the receive file
+     * descriptor of outChannel will be initialized, and this effectively "steals" the receive
+     * channel from the remote end (such that the remote end can only use its send channel).
+     */
+    void stealReceiveChannel(out BitTube outChannel);
+
+    /*
+     * setVsyncRate() sets the vsync event delivery rate. A value of 1 returns every vsync event.
+     * A value of 2 returns every other event, etc. A value of 0 returns no event unless
+     * requestNextVsync() has been called.
+     */
+    void setVsyncRate(in int count);
+
+    /*
+     * requestNextVsync() schedules the next vsync event. It has no effect if the vsync rate is > 0.
+     */
+    oneway void requestNextVsync(); // Asynchronous
+}
diff --git a/libs/ui/Size.cpp b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.aidl
similarity index 74%
rename from libs/ui/Size.cpp
rename to libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.aidl
index d2996d1..00a3959 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Size.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/aidl/android/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <ui/Size.h>
+package android.gui;
 
-namespace android::ui {
-
-const Size Size::INVALID{-1, -1};
-const Size Size::EMPTY{0, 0};
-
-} // namespace android::ui
+/** @hide */
+oneway interface IRegionSamplingListener {
+    void onSampleCollected(float medianLuma);
+}
diff --git a/libs/ui/Size.cpp b/libs/gui/android/gui/DisplayInfo.aidl
similarity index 67%
copy from libs/ui/Size.cpp
copy to libs/gui/android/gui/DisplayInfo.aidl
index d2996d1..30c0885 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Size.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/android/gui/DisplayInfo.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2021, The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <ui/Size.h>
+package android.gui;
 
-namespace android::ui {
-
-const Size Size::INVALID{-1, -1};
-const Size Size::EMPTY{0, 0};
-
-} // namespace android::ui
+parcelable DisplayInfo cpp_header "gui/DisplayInfo.h";
diff --git a/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl b/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl
index d4553ca..a5b2762 100644
--- a/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl
+++ b/libs/gui/android/gui/IWindowInfosListener.aidl
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@
 
 package android.gui;
 
+import android.gui.DisplayInfo;
 import android.gui.IWindowInfosReportedListener;
 import android.gui.WindowInfo;
 
 /** @hide */
 oneway interface IWindowInfosListener
 {
-    void onWindowInfosChanged(in WindowInfo[] windowInfos, in @nullable IWindowInfosReportedListener windowInfosReportedListener);
+    void onWindowInfosChanged(in WindowInfo[] windowInfos, in DisplayInfo[] displayInfos, in @nullable IWindowInfosReportedListener windowInfosReportedListener);
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
index 698844c..8a2f392 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/BLASTBufferQueue.h
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
     : public ConsumerBase::FrameAvailableListener, public BufferItemConsumer::BufferFreedListener
 {
 public:
+    BLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name);
     BLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name, const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface, int width,
                      int height, int32_t format);
 
@@ -90,14 +91,13 @@
 
     void transactionCommittedCallback(nsecs_t latchTime, const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
                                       const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats);
-    void transactionCallback(nsecs_t latchTime, const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
-            const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats);
+    virtual void transactionCallback(nsecs_t latchTime, const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
+                                     const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats);
     void releaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId& id, const sp<Fence>& releaseFence,
-                               uint32_t transformHint, uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
-    void setNextTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction *t);
+                               std::optional<uint32_t> currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
+    void setSyncTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t, bool acquireSingleBuffer = true);
     void mergeWithNextTransaction(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t, uint64_t frameNumber);
-    void setTransactionCompleteCallback(uint64_t frameNumber,
-                                        std::function<void(int64_t)>&& transactionCompleteCallback);
+    void applyPendingTransactions(uint64_t frameNumber);
 
     void update(const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, int32_t format,
                 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* outTransaction = nullptr);
@@ -108,8 +108,6 @@
     void setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& stream);
 
     uint32_t getLastTransformHint() const;
-    void flushShadowQueue();
-
     uint64_t getLastAcquiredFrameNum();
 
     virtual ~BLASTBufferQueue();
@@ -130,9 +128,14 @@
     bool rejectBuffer(const BufferItem& item) REQUIRES(mMutex);
     bool maxBuffersAcquired(bool includeExtraAcquire) const REQUIRES(mMutex);
     static PixelFormat convertBufferFormat(PixelFormat& format);
+    void mergePendingTransactions(SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* t, uint64_t frameNumber)
+            REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
-    void flushShadowQueueLocked() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void flushShadowQueue() REQUIRES(mMutex);
     void acquireAndReleaseBuffer() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void releaseBuffer(const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId, const sp<Fence>& releaseFence)
+            REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void flushAndWaitForFreeBuffer(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock);
 
     std::string mName;
     // Represents the queued buffer count from buffer queue,
@@ -209,7 +212,7 @@
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mProducer;
     sp<BLASTBufferItemConsumer> mBufferItemConsumer;
 
-    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* mNextTransaction GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction* mSyncTransaction GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     std::vector<std::tuple<uint64_t /* framenumber */, SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction>>
             mPendingTransactions GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
@@ -223,9 +226,6 @@
     // Tracks the last acquired frame number
     uint64_t mLastAcquiredFrameNumber GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
 
-    std::function<void(int64_t)> mTransactionCompleteCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = nullptr;
-    uint64_t mTransactionCompleteFrameNumber GUARDED_BY(mMutex){0};
-
     // Queues up transactions using this token in SurfaceFlinger. This prevents queued up
     // transactions from other parts of the client from blocking this transaction.
     const sp<IBinder> mApplyToken GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = new BBinder();
@@ -243,7 +243,11 @@
     std::queue<sp<SurfaceControl>> mSurfaceControlsWithPendingCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     uint32_t mCurrentMaxAcquiredBufferCount;
-    bool mWaitForTransactionCallback = false;
+    bool mWaitForTransactionCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = false;
+
+    // Flag to determine if syncTransaction should only acquire a single buffer and then clear or
+    // continue to acquire buffers until explicitly cleared
+    bool mAcquireSingleBuffer GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = true;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
index 08f3597..40621dd 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventDispatcher.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/Looper.h>
+#include <array>
 
 namespace android {
 using FrameRateOverride = DisplayEventReceiver::Event::FrameRateOverride;
@@ -33,6 +34,26 @@
 
     // The current frame interval in ns when this frame was scheduled.
     int64_t frameInterval = 0;
+
+    struct FrameTimeline {
+        // The Vsync Id corresponsing to this vsync event. This will be used to
+        // populate ISurfaceComposer::setFrameTimelineVsync and
+        // SurfaceComposerClient::setFrameTimelineVsync
+        int64_t id = FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID;
+
+        // The deadline in CLOCK_MONOTONIC that the app needs to complete its
+        // frame by (both on the CPU and the GPU)
+        int64_t deadlineTimestamp = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
+
+        // The anticipated Vsync present time.
+        int64_t expectedPresentTime = 0;
+    };
+
+    // Sorted possible frame timelines.
+    std::array<FrameTimeline, DisplayEventReceiver::kFrameTimelinesLength> frameTimelines;
+
+    // Index into the frameTimelines that represents the platform's preferred frame timeline.
+    size_t preferredFrameTimelineIndex = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
 };
 
 class DisplayEventDispatcher : public LooperCallback {
@@ -76,5 +97,8 @@
 
     bool processPendingEvents(nsecs_t* outTimestamp, PhysicalDisplayId* outDisplayId,
                               uint32_t* outCount, VsyncEventData* outVsyncEventData);
+
+    void populateFrameTimelines(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event,
+                                VsyncEventData* outVsyncEventData) const;
 };
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
index 0dffbde..456bbfb 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-class IDisplayEventConnection;
+using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
 
 namespace gui {
 class BitTube;
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class DisplayEventReceiver {
 public:
+    // Max amount of frame timelines is arbitrarily set to be reasonable.
+    static constexpr int64_t kFrameTimelinesLength = 7;
+
     enum {
         DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC = fourcc('v', 's', 'y', 'n'),
         DISPLAY_EVENT_HOTPLUG = fourcc('p', 'l', 'u', 'g'),
@@ -77,6 +80,12 @@
             nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp __attribute__((aligned(8)));
             nsecs_t frameInterval __attribute__((aligned(8)));
             int64_t vsyncId;
+            size_t preferredFrameTimelineIndex __attribute__((aligned(8)));
+            struct FrameTimeline {
+                nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp __attribute__((aligned(8)));
+                nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp __attribute__((aligned(8)));
+                int64_t vsyncId;
+            } frameTimelines[kFrameTimelinesLength];
         };
 
         struct Hotplug {
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayInfo.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayInfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74f33a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/DisplayInfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+#include <gui/constants.h>
+#include <ui/Transform.h>
+
+namespace android::gui {
+
+/*
+ * Describes information about a display that can have windows in it.
+ *
+ * This should only be used by InputFlinger to support raw coordinates in logical display space.
+ */
+struct DisplayInfo : public Parcelable {
+    int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
+
+    // Logical display dimensions.
+    int32_t logicalWidth = 0;
+    int32_t logicalHeight = 0;
+
+    // The display transform. This takes display coordinates to logical display coordinates.
+    ui::Transform transform;
+
+    status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel*) const override;
+
+    status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel*) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::gui
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h
deleted file mode 100644
index cff22a3..0000000
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <binder/SafeInterface.h>
-#include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace gui {
-class BitTube;
-} // namespace gui
-
-class IDisplayEventConnection : public IInterface {
-public:
-    DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(DisplayEventConnection)
-
-    /*
-     * stealReceiveChannel() returns a BitTube to receive events from. Only the receive file
-     * descriptor of outChannel will be initialized, and this effectively "steals" the receive
-     * channel from the remote end (such that the remote end can only use its send channel).
-     */
-    virtual status_t stealReceiveChannel(gui::BitTube* outChannel) = 0;
-
-    /*
-     * setVsyncRate() sets the vsync event delivery rate. A value of 1 returns every vsync event.
-     * A value of 2 returns every other event, etc. A value of 0 returns no event unless
-     * requestNextVsync() has been called.
-     */
-    virtual status_t setVsyncRate(uint32_t count) = 0;
-
-    /*
-     * requestNextVsync() schedules the next vsync event. It has no effect if the vsync rate is > 0.
-     */
-    virtual void requestNextVsync() = 0; // Asynchronous
-};
-
-class BnDisplayEventConnection : public SafeBnInterface<IDisplayEventConnection> {
-public:
-    BnDisplayEventConnection()
-          : SafeBnInterface<IDisplayEventConnection>("BnDisplayEventConnection") {}
-
-    status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-                        uint32_t flags = 0) override;
-};
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1803d9a..0000000
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <binder/SafeInterface.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-class IRegionSamplingListener : public IInterface {
-public:
-    DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(RegionSamplingListener)
-
-    virtual void onSampleCollected(float medianLuma) = 0;
-};
-
-class BnRegionSamplingListener : public SafeBnInterface<IRegionSamplingListener> {
-public:
-    BnRegionSamplingListener()
-          : SafeBnInterface<IRegionSamplingListener>("BnRegionSamplingListener") {}
-
-    status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-                        uint32_t flags = 0) override;
-};
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
index cd289cb..2546e4c 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android/gui/DisplayBrightness.h>
+#include <android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <android/gui/IFpsListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/IHdrLayerInfoListener.h>
+#include <android/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/IScreenCaptureListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/ITransactionTraceListener.h>
 #include <android/gui/ITunnelModeEnabledListener.h>
@@ -60,13 +62,13 @@
 struct LayerCaptureArgs;
 class LayerDebugInfo;
 class HdrCapabilities;
-class IDisplayEventConnection;
 class IGraphicBufferProducer;
 class ISurfaceComposerClient;
-class IRegionSamplingListener;
 class Rect;
 enum class FrameEvent;
 
+using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
+using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
 using gui::IScreenCaptureListener;
 
 namespace ui {
@@ -116,6 +118,11 @@
 
     using EventRegistrationFlags = Flags<EventRegistration>;
 
+    template <typename T>
+    struct SpHash {
+        size_t operator()(const sp<T>& k) const { return std::hash<T*>()(k.get()); }
+    };
+
     /*
      * Create a connection with SurfaceFlinger.
      */
@@ -241,24 +248,17 @@
      * The subregion can be optionally rotated.  It will also be scaled to
      * match the size of the output buffer.
      */
-    virtual status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs& args,
-                                    const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) = 0;
+    virtual status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs&,
+                                    const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t captureDisplay(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack,
-                                    const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) = 0;
-
-    template <class AA>
-    struct SpHash {
-        size_t operator()(const sp<AA>& k) const { return std::hash<AA*>()(k.get()); }
-    };
+    virtual status_t captureDisplay(DisplayId, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) = 0;
 
     /**
      * Capture a subtree of the layer hierarchy, potentially ignoring the root node.
      * This requires READ_FRAME_BUFFER permission. This function will fail if there
      * is a secure window on screen
      */
-    virtual status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& args,
-                                   const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) = 0;
+    virtual status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) = 0;
 
     /* Clears the frame statistics for animations.
      *
@@ -514,14 +514,6 @@
                                   int8_t compatibility, int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy) = 0;
 
     /*
-     * Acquire a frame rate flexibility token from SurfaceFlinger. While this token is acquired,
-     * surface flinger will freely switch between frame rates in any way it sees fit, regardless of
-     * the current restrictions applied by DisplayManager. This is useful to get consistent behavior
-     * for tests. Release the token by releasing the returned IBinder reference.
-     */
-    virtual status_t acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken(sp<IBinder>* outToken) = 0;
-
-    /*
      * Sets the frame timeline vsync info received from choreographer that corresponds to next
      * buffer submitted on that surface.
      */
@@ -618,6 +610,7 @@
         GET_GAME_CONTENT_TYPE_SUPPORT, // Deprecated. Use GET_DYNAMIC_DISPLAY_INFO instead.
         SET_GAME_CONTENT_TYPE,
         SET_FRAME_RATE,
+        // Deprecated. Use DisplayManager.setShouldAlwaysRespectAppRequestedMode(true);
         ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN,
         SET_FRAME_TIMELINE_INFO,
         ADD_TRANSACTION_TRACE_LISTENER,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h
index 937095c..0df5822 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h
@@ -192,7 +192,6 @@
     virtual void onTransactionCompleted(ListenerStats stats) = 0;
 
     virtual void onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId callbackId, sp<Fence> releaseFence,
-                                 uint32_t transformHint,
                                  uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) = 0;
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
index de14b3d..27f4d37 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerMetadata.h
@@ -59,4 +59,14 @@
     std::string itemToString(uint32_t key, const char* separator) const;
 };
 
+// Keep in sync with the GameManager.java constants.
+enum class GameMode : int32_t {
+    Unsupported = 0,
+    Standard = 1,
+    Performance = 2,
+    Battery = 3,
+
+    ftl_last = Battery
+};
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index 03e4aac..b01eed4 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <math/vec3.h>
 #include <ui/BlurRegion.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
 #include <ui/Rotation.h>
@@ -57,6 +58,44 @@
     bool isValid() const { return token != nullptr; }
 };
 
+struct BufferData {
+    enum class BufferDataChange : uint32_t {
+        fenceChanged = 0x01,
+        frameNumberChanged = 0x02,
+        cachedBufferChanged = 0x04,
+    };
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
+    sp<Fence> acquireFence;
+
+    // Used by BlastBufferQueue to forward the framenumber generated by the
+    // graphics producer.
+    uint64_t frameNumber = 0;
+
+    // Listens to when the buffer is safe to be released. This is used for blast
+    // layers only. The callback includes a release fence as well as the graphic
+    // buffer id to identify the buffer.
+    sp<ITransactionCompletedListener> releaseBufferListener = nullptr;
+
+    // Keeps track of the release callback id associated with the listener. This
+    // is not sent to the server since the id can be reconstructed there. This
+    // is used to remove the old callback from the client process map if it is
+    // overwritten by another setBuffer call.
+    ReleaseCallbackId releaseCallbackId = ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID;
+
+    // Stores which endpoint the release information should be sent to. We don't want to send the
+    // releaseCallbackId and release fence to all listeners so we store which listener the setBuffer
+    // was called with.
+    sp<IBinder> releaseBufferEndpoint;
+
+    Flags<BufferDataChange> flags;
+
+    client_cache_t cachedBuffer;
+
+    status_t write(Parcel& output) const;
+    status_t read(const Parcel& input);
+};
+
 /*
  * Used to communicate layer information between SurfaceFlinger and its clients.
  */
@@ -81,7 +120,7 @@
         eTransparentRegionChanged = 0x00000020,
         eFlagsChanged = 0x00000040,
         eLayerStackChanged = 0x00000080,
-        eReleaseBufferListenerChanged = 0x00000400,
+        /* unused 0x00000400, */
         eShadowRadiusChanged = 0x00000800,
         eLayerCreated = 0x00001000,
         eBufferCropChanged = 0x00002000,
@@ -93,7 +132,7 @@
         eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged = 0x00080000,
         eCropChanged = 0x00100000,
         eBufferChanged = 0x00200000,
-        eAcquireFenceChanged = 0x00400000,
+        /* unused 0x00400000, */
         eDataspaceChanged = 0x00800000,
         eHdrMetadataChanged = 0x01000000,
         eSurfaceDamageRegionChanged = 0x02000000,
@@ -104,7 +143,7 @@
         eInputInfoChanged = 0x40000000,
         eCornerRadiusChanged = 0x80000000,
         eDestinationFrameChanged = 0x1'00000000,
-        eCachedBufferChanged = 0x2'00000000,
+        /* unused = 0x2'00000000, */
         eBackgroundColorChanged = 0x4'00000000,
         eMetadataChanged = 0x8'00000000,
         eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged = 0x10'00000000,
@@ -113,7 +152,7 @@
         eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged = 0x80'00000000,
         eProducerDisconnect = 0x100'00000000,
         eFixedTransformHintChanged = 0x200'00000000,
-        eFrameNumberChanged = 0x400'00000000,
+        /* unused 0x400'00000000, */
         eBlurRegionsChanged = 0x800'00000000,
         eAutoRefreshChanged = 0x1000'00000000,
         eStretchChanged = 0x2000'00000000,
@@ -145,7 +184,7 @@
     int32_t z;
     uint32_t w;
     uint32_t h;
-    uint32_t layerStack;
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
     float alpha;
     uint32_t flags;
     uint32_t mask;
@@ -167,9 +206,7 @@
     uint32_t transform;
     bool transformToDisplayInverse;
     Rect crop;
-    Rect orientedDisplaySpaceRect;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
-    sp<Fence> acquireFence;
+    BufferData bufferData;
     ui::Dataspace dataspace;
     HdrMetadata hdrMetadata;
     Region surfaceDamageRegion;
@@ -180,8 +217,6 @@
 
     sp<gui::WindowInfoHandle> windowInfoHandle = new gui::WindowInfoHandle();
 
-    client_cache_t cachedBuffer;
-
     LayerMetadata metadata;
 
     // The following refer to the alpha, and dataspace, respectively of
@@ -215,10 +250,6 @@
     // otherwise the value will be a valid ui::Rotation.
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags fixedTransformHint;
 
-    // Used by BlastBufferQueue to forward the framenumber generated by the
-    // graphics producer.
-    uint64_t frameNumber;
-
     // Indicates that the consumer should acquire the next frame as soon as it
     // can and not wait for a frame to become available. This is only relevant
     // in shared buffer mode.
@@ -234,22 +265,6 @@
     Rect bufferCrop;
     Rect destinationFrame;
 
-    // Listens to when the buffer is safe to be released. This is used for blast
-    // layers only. The callback includes a release fence as well as the graphic
-    // buffer id to identify the buffer.
-    sp<ITransactionCompletedListener> releaseBufferListener;
-
-    // Keeps track of the release callback id associated with the listener. This
-    // is not sent to the server since the id can be reconstructed there. This
-    // is used to remove the old callback from the client process map if it is
-    // overwritten by another setBuffer call.
-    ReleaseCallbackId releaseCallbackId;
-
-    // Stores which endpoint the release information should be sent to. We don't want to send the
-    // releaseCallbackId and release fence to all listeners so we store which listener the setBuffer
-    // was called with.
-    sp<IBinder> releaseBufferEndpoint;
-
     // Force inputflinger to drop all input events for the layer and its children.
     gui::DropInputMode dropInputMode;
 };
@@ -272,11 +287,12 @@
     DisplayState();
     void merge(const DisplayState& other);
 
-    uint32_t what;
+    uint32_t what = 0;
+    uint32_t flags = 0;
     sp<IBinder> token;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> surface;
-    uint32_t layerStack;
-    uint32_t flags;
+
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
 
     // These states define how layers are projected onto the physical display.
     //
@@ -290,10 +306,11 @@
     // will be additionally rotated by 90 degrees around the origin clockwise and translated by (W,
     // 0).
     ui::Rotation orientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
-    Rect layerStackSpaceRect;
-    Rect orientedDisplaySpaceRect;
+    Rect layerStackSpaceRect = Rect::EMPTY_RECT;
+    Rect orientedDisplaySpaceRect = Rect::EMPTY_RECT;
 
-    uint32_t width, height;
+    uint32_t width = 0;
+    uint32_t height = 0;
 
     status_t write(Parcel& output) const;
     status_t read(const Parcel& input);
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
index e540351..40d096e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/Surface.h
@@ -429,11 +429,11 @@
     uint32_t mReqHeight;
 
     // mReqFormat is the buffer pixel format that will be requested at the next
-    // deuque operation. It is initialized to PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888.
+    // dequeue operation. It is initialized to PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888.
     PixelFormat mReqFormat;
 
     // mReqUsage is the set of buffer usage flags that will be requested
-    // at the next deuque operation. It is initialized to 0.
+    // at the next dequeue operation. It is initialized to 0.
     uint64_t mReqUsage;
 
     // mTimestamp is the timestamp that will be used for the next buffer queue
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index 9af9e64..0fe1253 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <set>
+#include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
@@ -50,10 +51,11 @@
 class HdrCapabilities;
 class ISurfaceComposerClient;
 class IGraphicBufferProducer;
-class IRegionSamplingListener;
 class ITunnelModeEnabledListener;
 class Region;
 
+using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
+
 struct SurfaceControlStats {
     SurfaceControlStats(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, nsecs_t latchTime, nsecs_t acquireTime,
                         const sp<Fence>& presentFence, const sp<Fence>& prevReleaseFence,
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@
                            const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& /*stats*/)>;
 using ReleaseBufferCallback =
         std::function<void(const ReleaseCallbackId&, const sp<Fence>& /*releaseFence*/,
-                           uint32_t transformHint, uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount)>;
+                           std::optional<uint32_t> currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount)>;
 
 using SurfaceStatsCallback =
         std::function<void(void* /*context*/, nsecs_t /*latchTime*/,
@@ -93,6 +95,22 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+class ReleaseCallbackThread {
+public:
+    void addReleaseCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId, sp<Fence>);
+    void threadMain();
+
+private:
+    std::thread mThread;
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    bool mStarted GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = false;
+    std::condition_variable mReleaseCallbackPending;
+    std::queue<std::tuple<const ReleaseCallbackId, const sp<Fence>>> mCallbackInfos
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 class SurfaceComposerClient : public RefBase
 {
     friend class Composer;
@@ -350,6 +368,7 @@
     private:
         static std::atomic<uint32_t> idCounter;
         int64_t generateId();
+        void releaseBufferIfOverwriting(const layer_state_t& state);
 
     protected:
         std::unordered_map<sp<IBinder>, ComposerState, IBinderHash> mComposerStates;
@@ -399,9 +418,7 @@
 
         void cacheBuffers();
         void registerSurfaceControlForCallback(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
-        void setReleaseBufferCallback(layer_state_t*, const ReleaseCallbackId&,
-                                      ReleaseBufferCallback);
-        void removeReleaseBufferCallback(layer_state_t*);
+        void setReleaseBufferCallback(BufferData*, const ReleaseCallbackId&, ReleaseBufferCallback);
 
     public:
         Transaction();
@@ -457,7 +474,7 @@
                                              int backgroundBlurRadius);
         Transaction& setBlurRegions(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc,
                                     const std::vector<BlurRegion>& regions);
-        Transaction& setLayerStack(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, uint32_t layerStack);
+        Transaction& setLayerStack(const sp<SurfaceControl>&, ui::LayerStack);
         Transaction& setMetadata(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, uint32_t key, const Parcel& p);
 
         /// Reparents the current layer to the new parent handle. The new parent must not be null.
@@ -473,10 +490,11 @@
         Transaction& setTransformToDisplayInverse(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc,
                                                   bool transformToDisplayInverse);
         Transaction& setBuffer(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
+                               const std::optional<sp<Fence>>& fence = std::nullopt,
+                               const std::optional<uint64_t>& frameNumber = std::nullopt,
                                const ReleaseCallbackId& id = ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID,
                                ReleaseBufferCallback callback = nullptr);
-        Transaction& setCachedBuffer(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int32_t bufferId);
-        Transaction& setAcquireFence(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const sp<Fence>& fence);
+        std::optional<BufferData> getAndClearBuffer(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
         Transaction& setDataspace(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, ui::Dataspace dataspace);
         Transaction& setHdrMetadata(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const HdrMetadata& hdrMetadata);
         Transaction& setSurfaceDamageRegion(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc,
@@ -501,8 +519,6 @@
 
         // ONLY FOR BLAST ADAPTER
         Transaction& notifyProducerDisconnect(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc);
-        // Set the framenumber generated by the graphics producer to mimic BufferQueue behaviour.
-        Transaction& setFrameNumber(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, uint64_t frameNumber);
 
         Transaction& setInputWindowInfo(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, const gui::WindowInfo& info);
         Transaction& setFocusedWindow(const gui::FocusRequest& request);
@@ -568,7 +584,7 @@
         status_t setDisplaySurface(const sp<IBinder>& token,
                 const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& bufferProducer);
 
-        void setDisplayLayerStack(const sp<IBinder>& token, uint32_t layerStack);
+        void setDisplayLayerStack(const sp<IBinder>& token, ui::LayerStack);
 
         void setDisplayFlags(const sp<IBinder>& token, uint32_t flags);
 
@@ -628,6 +644,9 @@
     status_t addWindowInfosListener(const sp<gui::WindowInfosListener>& windowInfosListener);
     status_t removeWindowInfosListener(const sp<gui::WindowInfosListener>& windowInfosListener);
 
+protected:
+    ReleaseCallbackThread mReleaseCallbackThread;
+
 private:
     virtual void onFirstRef();
 
@@ -640,12 +659,9 @@
 
 class ScreenshotClient {
 public:
-    static status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs& captureArgs,
-                                   const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener);
-    static status_t captureDisplay(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack,
-                                   const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener);
-    static status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& captureArgs,
-                                  const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener);
+    static status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    static status_t captureDisplay(DisplayId, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    static status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
 };
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -731,13 +747,14 @@
     void removeSurfaceStatsListener(void* context, void* cookie);
 
     void setReleaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId&, ReleaseBufferCallback);
-    void removeReleaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId&);
 
     // BnTransactionCompletedListener overrides
     void onTransactionCompleted(ListenerStats stats) override;
-    void onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId, sp<Fence> releaseFence, uint32_t transformHint,
+    void onReleaseBuffer(ReleaseCallbackId, sp<Fence> releaseFence,
                          uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) override;
 
+    void removeReleaseBufferCallback(const ReleaseCallbackId& callbackId);
+
     // For Testing Only
     static void setInstance(const sp<TransactionCompletedListener>&);
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
index 4727740..54a372c 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfo.h
@@ -71,8 +71,9 @@
         SLIPPERY = 0x20000000,
         LAYOUT_ATTACHED_IN_DECOR = 0x40000000,
         DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS = 0x80000000,
-    }; // Window types from WindowManager.LayoutParams
+    };
 
+    // Window types from WindowManager.LayoutParams
     enum class Type : int32_t {
         UNKNOWN = 0,
         FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW = 1,
@@ -87,40 +88,50 @@
         APPLICATION_ATTACHED_DIALOG = FIRST_SUB_WINDOW + 3,
         APPLICATION_MEDIA_OVERLAY = FIRST_SUB_WINDOW + 4,
         LAST_SUB_WINDOW = 1999,
-        FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = 2000,
-        STATUS_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW,
-        SEARCH_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 1,
-        PHONE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 2,
-        SYSTEM_ALERT = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 3,
-        KEYGUARD = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 4,
-        TOAST = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 5,
-        SYSTEM_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 6,
-        PRIORITY_PHONE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 7,
-        SYSTEM_DIALOG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 8,
-        KEYGUARD_DIALOG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 9,
-        SYSTEM_ERROR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 10,
-        INPUT_METHOD = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 11,
-        INPUT_METHOD_DIALOG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 12,
-        WALLPAPER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 13,
-        STATUS_BAR_PANEL = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 14,
-        SECURE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 15,
-        DRAG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 16,
-        STATUS_BAR_SUB_PANEL = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 17,
-        POINTER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 18,
-        NAVIGATION_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 19,
-        VOLUME_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 20,
-        BOOT_PROGRESS = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 21,
-        INPUT_CONSUMER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 22,
-        NAVIGATION_BAR_PANEL = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 24,
-        MAGNIFICATION_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 27,
-        ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 32,
-        DOCK_DIVIDER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 34,
-        ACCESSIBILITY_MAGNIFICATION_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 39,
-        NOTIFICATION_SHADE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 40,
+
+#define FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ 2000
+
+        STATUS_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_,
+        SEARCH_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 1,
+        PHONE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 2,
+        SYSTEM_ALERT = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 3,
+        KEYGUARD = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 4,
+        TOAST = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 5,
+        SYSTEM_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 6,
+        PRIORITY_PHONE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 7,
+        SYSTEM_DIALOG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 8,
+        KEYGUARD_DIALOG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 9,
+        SYSTEM_ERROR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 10,
+        INPUT_METHOD = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 11,
+        INPUT_METHOD_DIALOG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 12,
+        WALLPAPER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 13,
+        STATUS_BAR_PANEL = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 14,
+        SECURE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 15,
+        DRAG = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 16,
+        STATUS_BAR_SUB_PANEL = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 17,
+        POINTER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 18,
+        NAVIGATION_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 19,
+        VOLUME_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 20,
+        BOOT_PROGRESS = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 21,
+        INPUT_CONSUMER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 22,
+        NAVIGATION_BAR_PANEL = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 24,
+        MAGNIFICATION_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 27,
+        ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 32,
+        DOCK_DIVIDER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 34,
+        ACCESSIBILITY_MAGNIFICATION_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 39,
+        NOTIFICATION_SHADE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_ + 40,
+
+        FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_,
         LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = 2999,
+
+#undef FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW_
+
+        // Small range to limit LUT size.
+        ftl_first = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW,
+        ftl_last = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 15
     };
 
-    enum class Feature {
+    enum class Feature : uint32_t {
         DISABLE_TOUCH_PAD_GESTURES = 1u << 0,
         NO_INPUT_CHANNEL = 1u << 1,
         DISABLE_USER_ACTIVITY = 1u << 2,
@@ -170,13 +181,6 @@
     // Transform applied to individual windows.
     ui::Transform transform;
 
-    // Display orientation as ui::Transform::RotationFlags. Used for compatibility raw coordinates.
-    uint32_t displayOrientation = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
-
-    // Display size in its natural rotation. Used to rotate raw coordinates for compatibility.
-    int32_t displayWidth = 0;
-    int32_t displayHeight = 0;
-
     /*
      * This is filled in by the WM relative to the frame and then translated
      * to absolute coordinates by SurfaceFlinger once the frame is computed.
@@ -267,4 +271,4 @@
 
     WindowInfo mInfo;
 };
-} // namespace android::gui
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android::gui
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h
index 8a70b9b..a18a498 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListener.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <gui/DisplayInfo.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@
 
 class WindowInfosListener : public virtual RefBase {
 public:
-    virtual void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>& /*windowInfos*/) = 0;
+    virtual void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>&,
+                                      const std::vector<DisplayInfo>&) = 0;
 };
 } // namespace android::gui
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h
index 7cb96e0..157a804 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/WindowInfosListenerReporter.h
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfosListener.h>
-#include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -30,7 +29,8 @@
 class WindowInfosListenerReporter : public gui::BnWindowInfosListener {
 public:
     static sp<WindowInfosListenerReporter> getInstance();
-    binder::Status onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+    binder::Status onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>&,
+                                        const std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo>&,
                                         const sp<gui::IWindowInfosReportedListener>&) override;
 
     status_t addWindowInfosListener(const sp<gui::WindowInfosListener>& windowInfosListener,
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp b/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp
index 3d26c3d..6dd1073 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
         "BufferQueue_test.cpp",
         "CpuConsumer_test.cpp",
         "EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp",
+        "DisplayInfo_test.cpp",
         "DisplayedContentSampling_test.cpp",
         "FillBuffer.cpp",
         "GLTest.cpp",
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@
         "libinput",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
-        "libnativewindow"
+        "libnativewindow",
     ],
 
     header_libs: ["libsurfaceflinger_headers"],
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@
         "libgui",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
-        "libbufferhubqueue",  // TODO(b/70046255): Remove these once BufferHub is integrated into libgui.
+        "libbufferhubqueue", // TODO(b/70046255): Remove these once BufferHub is integrated into libgui.
         "libpdx_default_transport",
     ],
 
@@ -146,5 +147,5 @@
         "liblog",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp
index fc75485..48b8621 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/BLASTBufferQueue_test.cpp
@@ -66,26 +66,58 @@
     int32_t mNumReleased GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
 };
 
+class TestBLASTBufferQueue : public BLASTBufferQueue {
+public:
+    TestBLASTBufferQueue(const std::string& name, const sp<SurfaceControl>& surface, int width,
+                         int height, int32_t format)
+          : BLASTBufferQueue(name, surface, width, height, format) {}
+
+    void transactionCallback(nsecs_t latchTime, const sp<Fence>& presentFence,
+                             const std::vector<SurfaceControlStats>& stats) override {
+        BLASTBufferQueue::transactionCallback(latchTime, presentFence, stats);
+        uint64_t frameNumber = stats[0].frameEventStats.frameNumber;
+
+        {
+            std::unique_lock lock{frameNumberMutex};
+            mLastTransactionFrameNumber = frameNumber;
+            mWaitForCallbackCV.notify_all();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void waitForCallback(int64_t frameNumber) {
+        std::unique_lock lock{frameNumberMutex};
+        // Wait until all but one of the submitted buffers have been released.
+        while (mLastTransactionFrameNumber < frameNumber) {
+            mWaitForCallbackCV.wait(lock);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::mutex frameNumberMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mWaitForCallbackCV;
+    int64_t mLastTransactionFrameNumber = -1;
+};
+
 class BLASTBufferQueueHelper {
 public:
     BLASTBufferQueueHelper(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int width, int height) {
-        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter = new BLASTBufferQueue("TestBLASTBufferQueue", sc, width, height,
-                                                        PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter = new TestBLASTBufferQueue("TestBLASTBufferQueue", sc, width,
+                                                            height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
     }
 
     void update(const sp<SurfaceControl>& sc, int width, int height) {
         mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->update(sc, width, height, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
     }
 
-    void setNextTransaction(Transaction* next) {
-        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->setNextTransaction(next);
+    void setSyncTransaction(Transaction* next, bool acquireSingleBuffer = true) {
+        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->setSyncTransaction(next, acquireSingleBuffer);
     }
 
     int getWidth() { return mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->mSize.width; }
 
     int getHeight() { return mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->mSize.height; }
 
-    Transaction* getNextTransaction() { return mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->mNextTransaction; }
+    Transaction* getSyncTransaction() { return mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->mSyncTransaction; }
 
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> getIGraphicBufferProducer() {
         return mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->getIGraphicBufferProducer();
@@ -107,28 +139,17 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void setTransactionCompleteCallback(int64_t frameNumber) {
-        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->setTransactionCompleteCallback(frameNumber, [&](int64_t frame) {
-            std::unique_lock lock{mMutex};
-            mLastTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = frame;
-            mCallbackCV.notify_all();
-        });
+    void waitForCallback(int64_t frameNumber) {
+        mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->waitForCallback(frameNumber);
     }
 
-    void waitForCallback(int64_t frameNumber) {
-        std::unique_lock lock{mMutex};
-        // Wait until all but one of the submitted buffers have been released.
-        while (mLastTransactionCompleteFrameNumber < frameNumber) {
-            mCallbackCV.wait(lock);
-        }
+    void validateNumFramesSubmitted(int64_t numFramesSubmitted) {
+        std::unique_lock lock{mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->mMutex};
+        ASSERT_EQ(numFramesSubmitted, mBlastBufferQueueAdapter->mSubmitted.size());
     }
 
 private:
-    sp<BLASTBufferQueue> mBlastBufferQueueAdapter;
-
-    std::mutex mMutex;
-    std::condition_variable mCallbackCV;
-    int64_t mLastTransactionCompleteFrameNumber = -1;
+    sp<TestBLASTBufferQueue> mBlastBufferQueueAdapter;
 };
 
 class BLASTBufferQueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -152,7 +173,7 @@
         mDisplayToken = mClient->getInternalDisplayToken();
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mDisplayToken.get());
         Transaction t;
-        t.setDisplayLayerStack(mDisplayToken, 0);
+        t.setDisplayLayerStack(mDisplayToken, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
         t.apply();
         t.clear();
 
@@ -166,7 +187,7 @@
                                                  mDisplayHeight, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
                                                  ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState,
                                                  /*parent*/ nullptr);
-        t.setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl, 0)
+        t.setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                 .setLayer(mSurfaceControl, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max())
                 .show(mSurfaceControl)
                 .setDataspace(mSurfaceControl, ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB)
@@ -282,7 +303,7 @@
         auto ret = igbp->dequeueBuffer(&slot, &fence, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
                                        PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN,
                                        nullptr, nullptr);
-        ASSERT_EQ(IGraphicBufferProducer::BUFFER_NEEDS_REALLOCATION, ret);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(ret == IGraphicBufferProducer::BUFFER_NEEDS_REALLOCATION || ret == NO_ERROR);
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, igbp->requestBuffer(slot, &buf));
 
         uint32_t* bufData;
@@ -321,7 +342,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mSurfaceControl, adapter.getSurfaceControl());
     ASSERT_EQ(mDisplayWidth, adapter.getWidth());
     ASSERT_EQ(mDisplayHeight, adapter.getHeight());
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, adapter.getNextTransaction());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, adapter.getSyncTransaction());
 }
 
 TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, Update) {
@@ -342,11 +363,11 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mDisplayHeight / 2, height);
 }
 
-TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, SetNextTransaction) {
+TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, SetSyncTransaction) {
     BLASTBufferQueueHelper adapter(mSurfaceControl, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
-    Transaction next;
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
-    ASSERT_EQ(&next, adapter.getNextTransaction());
+    Transaction sync;
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
+    ASSERT_EQ(&sync, adapter.getSyncTransaction());
 }
 
 TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, DISABLED_onFrameAvailable_ApplyDesiredPresentTime) {
@@ -516,7 +537,7 @@
                                      ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, bg.get());
     Transaction t;
-    t.setLayerStack(bg, 0)
+    t.setLayerStack(bg, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .setCrop(bg, Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight))
             .setColor(bg, half3{0, 0, 0})
             .setLayer(bg, 0)
@@ -571,7 +592,7 @@
                                      ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, bg.get());
     Transaction t;
-    t.setLayerStack(bg, 0)
+    t.setLayerStack(bg, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .setCrop(bg, Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight))
             .setColor(bg, half3{0, 0, 0})
             .setLayer(bg, 0)
@@ -638,7 +659,7 @@
                                      ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, bg.get());
     Transaction t;
-    t.setLayerStack(bg, 0)
+    t.setLayerStack(bg, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .setCrop(bg, Rect(0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight))
             .setColor(bg, half3{0, 0, 0})
             .setLayer(bg, 0)
@@ -785,8 +806,8 @@
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbProducer;
     setUpProducer(adapter, igbProducer);
 
-    Transaction next;
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    Transaction sync;
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
 
     // queue non sync buffer, so this one should get blocked
@@ -795,14 +816,14 @@
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, presentTimeDelay);
 
     CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
-    next.addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
+    sync.addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
                                          transactionCallback.getContext())
             .apply();
 
     CallbackData callbackData;
     transactionCallback.getCallbackData(&callbackData);
 
-    // capture screen and verify that it is red
+    // capture screen and verify that it is green
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             checkScreenCapture(0, 255, 0, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
@@ -825,16 +846,16 @@
 
     Transaction mainTransaction;
 
-    Transaction next;
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    Transaction sync;
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
 
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
     // Expect 1 buffer to be released even before sending to SurfaceFlinger
     mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(1);
 
@@ -865,24 +886,24 @@
 
     Transaction mainTransaction;
 
-    Transaction next;
+    Transaction sync;
     // queue a sync transaction
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
 
-    // queue another buffer without setting next transaction
+    // queue another buffer without setting sync transaction
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
 
     // queue another sync transaction
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
     // Expect 1 buffer to be released because the non sync transaction should merge
     // with the sync
     mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(1);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
     // Expect 2 buffers to be released due to merging the two syncs.
     mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(2);
 
@@ -913,26 +934,26 @@
 
     Transaction mainTransaction;
 
-    Transaction next;
+    Transaction sync;
     // queue a sync transaction
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
 
-    // queue a few buffers without setting next transaction
+    // queue a few buffers without setting sync transaction
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
 
     // queue another sync transaction
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
     // Expect 3 buffers to be released because the non sync transactions should merge
     // with the sync
     mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(3);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
     // Expect 4 buffers to be released due to merging the two syncs.
     mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(4);
 
@@ -970,14 +991,14 @@
     // Send a buffer to SF
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
 
-    Transaction next;
+    Transaction sync;
     // queue a sync transaction
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
 
-    // queue a few buffers without setting next transaction
+    // queue a few buffers without setting sync transaction
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
@@ -986,13 +1007,13 @@
     mainTransaction.apply();
 
     // queue another sync transaction
-    adapter.setNextTransaction(&next);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&sync);
     queueBuffer(igbProducer, r, g, b, 0);
     // Expect 2 buffers to be released because the non sync transactions should merge
     // with the sync
     mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(3);
 
-    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(next));
+    mainTransaction.merge(std::move(sync));
 
     CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
     mainTransaction
@@ -1009,6 +1030,45 @@
             checkScreenCapture(r, g, b, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
 }
 
+TEST_F(BLASTBufferQueueTest, SetSyncTransactionAcquireMultipleBuffers) {
+    BLASTBufferQueueHelper adapter(mSurfaceControl, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
+
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbProducer;
+    setUpProducer(adapter, igbProducer);
+
+    Transaction next;
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(&next, false);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 255, 0, 0);
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 0, 0, 255, 0);
+    // There should only be one frame submitted since the first frame will be released.
+    adapter.validateNumFramesSubmitted(1);
+    adapter.setSyncTransaction(nullptr);
+
+    // queue non sync buffer, so this one should get blocked
+    // Add a present delay to allow the first screenshot to get taken.
+    nsecs_t presentTimeDelay = std::chrono::nanoseconds(500ms).count();
+    queueBuffer(igbProducer, 255, 0, 0, presentTimeDelay);
+
+    CallbackHelper transactionCallback;
+    next.addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
+                                         transactionCallback.getContext())
+            .apply();
+
+    CallbackData callbackData;
+    transactionCallback.getCallbackData(&callbackData);
+
+    // capture screen and verify that it is blue
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(0, 0, 255, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+
+    mProducerListener->waitOnNumberReleased(2);
+    // capture screen and verify that it is red
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, captureDisplay(mCaptureArgs, mCaptureResults));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            checkScreenCapture(255, 0, 0, {0, 0, (int32_t)mDisplayWidth, (int32_t)mDisplayHeight}));
+}
+
 class TestProducerListener : public BnProducerListener {
 public:
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mIgbp;
@@ -1070,7 +1130,7 @@
                                    ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, bgSurface.get());
     Transaction t;
-    t.setLayerStack(bgSurface, 0)
+    t.setLayerStack(bgSurface, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .show(bgSurface)
             .setDataspace(bgSurface, ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB)
             .setLayer(bgSurface, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() - 1)
@@ -1366,7 +1426,6 @@
     IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferOutput qbOutput;
     nsecs_t requestedPresentTimeA = 0;
     nsecs_t postedTimeA = 0;
-    adapter.setTransactionCompleteCallback(1);
     setUpAndQueueBuffer(igbProducer, &requestedPresentTimeA, &postedTimeA, &qbOutput, true);
     history.applyDelta(qbOutput.frameTimestamps);
 
@@ -1435,7 +1494,6 @@
     // queue another buffer so the first can be dropped
     nsecs_t requestedPresentTimeB = 0;
     nsecs_t postedTimeB = 0;
-    adapter.setTransactionCompleteCallback(2);
     presentTime = systemTime() + std::chrono::nanoseconds(1ms).count();
     setUpAndQueueBuffer(igbProducer, &requestedPresentTimeB, &postedTimeB, &qbOutput, true,
                         presentTime);
@@ -1501,7 +1559,6 @@
     IGraphicBufferProducer::QueueBufferOutput qbOutput;
     nsecs_t requestedPresentTimeA = 0;
     nsecs_t postedTimeA = 0;
-    adapter.setTransactionCompleteCallback(1);
     setUpAndQueueBuffer(igbProducer, &requestedPresentTimeA, &postedTimeA, &qbOutput, true);
     history.applyDelta(qbOutput.frameTimestamps);
     adapter.waitForCallback(1);
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayInfo_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayInfo_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df3329c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayInfo_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+
+#include <gui/DisplayInfo.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using gui::DisplayInfo;
+
+namespace test {
+
+TEST(DisplayInfo, Parcelling) {
+    DisplayInfo info;
+    info.displayId = 42;
+    info.logicalWidth = 99;
+    info.logicalHeight = 78;
+    info.transform.set({0.4, -1, 100, 0.5, 0, 40, 0, 0, 1});
+
+    Parcel p;
+    info.writeToParcel(&p);
+    p.setDataPosition(0);
+
+    DisplayInfo info2;
+    info2.readFromParcel(&p);
+    ASSERT_EQ(info.displayId, info2.displayId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(info.logicalWidth, info2.logicalWidth);
+    ASSERT_EQ(info.logicalHeight, info2.logicalHeight);
+    ASSERT_EQ(info.transform, info2.transform);
+}
+
+} // namespace test
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
index 5daef0d..f960e07 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
         t.apply(true);
     }
 
-    void requestFocus() {
+    void requestFocus(int displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT) {
         SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
         FocusRequest request;
         request.token = mInputInfo.token;
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
         request.focusedToken = nullptr;
         request.focusedWindowName = "";
         request.timestamp = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-        request.displayId = 0;
+        request.displayId = displayId;
         t.setFocusedWindow(request);
         t.apply(true);
     }
@@ -255,11 +255,6 @@
 
         mInputInfo.touchableRegion.orSelf(Rect(0, 0, width, height));
 
-        // TODO: Fill in from SF?
-        mInputInfo.ownerPid = 11111;
-        mInputInfo.ownerUid = 11111;
-        mInputInfo.displayId = 0;
-
         InputApplicationInfo aInfo;
         aInfo.token = new BBinder();
         aInfo.name = "Test app info";
@@ -373,21 +368,31 @@
     int32_t mBufferPostDelay;
 };
 
-void injectTap(int x, int y) {
-    char *buf1, *buf2;
+void injectTapOnDisplay(int x, int y, int displayId) {
+    char *buf1, *buf2, *bufDisplayId;
     asprintf(&buf1, "%d", x);
     asprintf(&buf2, "%d", y);
+    asprintf(&bufDisplayId, "%d", displayId);
     if (fork() == 0) {
-        execlp("input", "input", "tap", buf1, buf2, NULL);
+        execlp("input", "input", "-d", bufDisplayId, "tap", buf1, buf2, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+void injectTap(int x, int y) {
+    injectTapOnDisplay(x, y, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+}
+
+void injectKeyOnDisplay(uint32_t keycode, int displayId) {
+    char *buf1, *bufDisplayId;
+    asprintf(&buf1, "%d", keycode);
+    asprintf(&bufDisplayId, "%d", displayId);
+    if (fork() == 0) {
+        execlp("input", "input", "-d", bufDisplayId, "keyevent", buf1, NULL);
     }
 }
 
 void injectKey(uint32_t keycode) {
-    char *buf1;
-    asprintf(&buf1, "%d", keycode);
-    if (fork() == 0) {
-        execlp("input", "input", "keyevent", buf1, NULL);
-    }
+    injectKeyOnDisplay(keycode, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, can_receive_input) {
@@ -564,7 +569,7 @@
     bufferSurface->expectTap(1, 1);
 }
 
-TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, input_ignores_buffer_layer_alpha) {
+TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, input_respects_buffer_layer_alpha) {
     std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> bgSurface = makeSurface(100, 100);
     std::unique_ptr<BlastInputSurface> bufferSurface =
             BlastInputSurface::makeBlastInputSurface(mComposerClient, 100, 100);
@@ -579,7 +584,7 @@
     bufferSurface->doTransaction([](auto &t, auto &sc) { t.setAlpha(sc, 0.0); });
 
     injectTap(11, 11);
-    bufferSurface->expectTap(1, 1);
+    bgSurface->expectTap(1, 1);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, input_ignores_color_layer_alpha) {
@@ -960,4 +965,74 @@
     injectKey(AKEYCODE_V);
     EXPECT_EQ(surface->consumeEvent(100), nullptr);
 }
+
+class MultiDisplayTests : public InputSurfacesTest {
+public:
+    MultiDisplayTests() : InputSurfacesTest() { ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool(); }
+    void TearDown() {
+        if (mVirtualDisplay) {
+            SurfaceComposerClient::destroyDisplay(mVirtualDisplay);
+        }
+        InputSurfacesTest::TearDown();
+    }
+
+    void createDisplay(int32_t width, int32_t height, bool isSecure, ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
+        sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
+        BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&mProducer, &consumer);
+        consumer->setConsumerName(String8("Virtual disp consumer"));
+        consumer->setDefaultBufferSize(width, height);
+
+        mVirtualDisplay = SurfaceComposerClient::createDisplay(String8("VirtualDisplay"), isSecure);
+        SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+        t.setDisplaySurface(mVirtualDisplay, mProducer);
+        t.setDisplayFlags(mVirtualDisplay, 0x01 /* DisplayDevice::eReceivesInput */);
+        t.setDisplayLayerStack(mVirtualDisplay, layerStack);
+        t.apply(true);
+    }
+
+    sp<IBinder> mVirtualDisplay;
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mProducer;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MultiDisplayTests, drop_input_for_secure_layer_on_nonsecure_display) {
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack = ui::LayerStack::fromValue(42);
+    createDisplay(1000, 1000, false /*isSecure*/, layerStack);
+    std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> surface = makeSurface(100, 100);
+    surface->doTransaction([&](auto &t, auto &sc) {
+        t.setFlags(sc, layer_state_t::eLayerSecure, layer_state_t::eLayerSecure);
+        t.setLayerStack(sc, layerStack);
+    });
+    surface->showAt(100, 100);
+
+    injectTap(101, 101);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(surface->consumeEvent(100), nullptr);
+
+    surface->requestFocus(layerStack.id);
+    surface->assertFocusChange(true);
+    injectKeyOnDisplay(AKEYCODE_V, layerStack.id);
+    EXPECT_EQ(surface->consumeEvent(100), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MultiDisplayTests, dont_drop_input_for_secure_layer_on_secure_display) {
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack = ui::LayerStack::fromValue(42);
+    createDisplay(1000, 1000, true /*isSecure*/, layerStack);
+    std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> surface = makeSurface(100, 100);
+    surface->doTransaction([&](auto &t, auto &sc) {
+        t.setFlags(sc, layer_state_t::eLayerSecure, layer_state_t::eLayerSecure);
+        t.setLayerStack(sc, layerStack);
+    });
+    surface->showAt(100, 100);
+
+    injectTapOnDisplay(101, 101, layerStack.id);
+    EXPECT_NE(surface->consumeEvent(), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_NE(surface->consumeEvent(), nullptr);
+
+    surface->requestFocus(layerStack.id);
+    surface->assertFocusChange(true);
+    injectKeyOnDisplay(AKEYCODE_V, layerStack.id);
+
+    surface->expectKey(AKEYCODE_V);
+}
+
 } // namespace android::test
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/RegionSampling_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/RegionSampling_test.cpp
index 6746b0a..c9106be 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/RegionSampling_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/RegionSampling_test.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include <android/gui/BnRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
-#include <gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
@@ -135,12 +135,13 @@
     std::atomic<bool> poll_{true};
 };
 
-struct Listener : BnRegionSamplingListener {
-    void onSampleCollected(float medianLuma) override {
+struct Listener : android::gui::BnRegionSamplingListener {
+    binder::Status onSampleCollected(float medianLuma) override {
         std::unique_lock<decltype(mutex)> lk(mutex);
         received = true;
         mLuma = medianLuma;
         cv.notify_all();
+        return binder::Status::ok();
     };
     bool wait_event(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
         std::unique_lock<decltype(mutex)> lk(mutex);
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/SamplingDemo.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/SamplingDemo.cpp
index 0cd150d..a083a22 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/SamplingDemo.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/SamplingDemo.cpp
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include <android/gui/BnRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
-#include <gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-class Button : public BnRegionSamplingListener {
+class Button : public gui::BnRegionSamplingListener {
 public:
     Button(const char* name, const Rect& samplingArea) {
         sp<SurfaceComposerClient> client = new SurfaceComposerClient;
@@ -99,9 +99,10 @@
                 .apply();
     }
 
-    void onSampleCollected(float medianLuma) override {
+    binder::Status onSampleCollected(float medianLuma) override {
         ATRACE_CALL();
         setColor(medianLuma);
+        return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
     sp<SurfaceComposerClient> mClient;
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
index c745505..d6ac3f9 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.h>
+#include <android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <configstore/Utils.h>
 #include <gui/BufferItemConsumer.h>
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 // retrieve wide-color and hdr settings from configstore
 using namespace android::hardware::configstore;
 using namespace android::hardware::configstore::V1_0;
+using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
+using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
 using ui::ColorMode;
 
 using Transaction = SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction;
@@ -753,21 +755,19 @@
     }
     status_t setActiveColorMode(const sp<IBinder>& /*display*/,
         ColorMode /*colorMode*/) override { return NO_ERROR; }
-    status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs& /* captureArgs */,
-                            const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& /* captureListener */) override {
-        return NO_ERROR;
-    }
     void setAutoLowLatencyMode(const sp<IBinder>& /*display*/, bool /*on*/) override {}
     void setGameContentType(const sp<IBinder>& /*display*/, bool /*on*/) override {}
-    status_t captureDisplay(uint64_t /*displayOrLayerStack*/,
-                            const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& /* captureListener */) override {
+
+    status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override {
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
-    virtual status_t captureLayers(
-            const LayerCaptureArgs& /* captureArgs */,
-            const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& /* captureListener */) override {
+    status_t captureDisplay(DisplayId, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override {
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
+    status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override {
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
     status_t clearAnimationFrameStats() override { return NO_ERROR; }
     status_t getAnimationFrameStats(FrameStats* /*outStats*/) const override {
         return NO_ERROR;
@@ -887,10 +887,6 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    status_t acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken(sp<IBinder>* /*outToken*/) override {
-        return NO_ERROR;
-    }
-
     status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& /*surface*/,
                                   const FrameTimelineInfo& /*frameTimelineInfo*/) override {
         return NO_ERROR;
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/WindowInfo_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/WindowInfo_test.cpp
index a4f436c..dcdf76f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/WindowInfo_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/WindowInfo_test.cpp
@@ -60,9 +60,6 @@
     i.globalScaleFactor = 0.3;
     i.alpha = 0.7;
     i.transform.set({0.4, -1, 100, 0.5, 0, 40, 0, 0, 1});
-    i.displayOrientation = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
-    i.displayWidth = 1000;
-    i.displayHeight = 2000;
     i.visible = false;
     i.focusable = false;
     i.hasWallpaper = false;
@@ -100,8 +97,6 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(i.globalScaleFactor, i2.globalScaleFactor);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.alpha, i2.alpha);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.transform, i2.transform);
-    ASSERT_EQ(i.displayWidth, i2.displayWidth);
-    ASSERT_EQ(i.displayHeight, i2.displayHeight);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.visible, i2.visible);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.focusable, i2.focusable);
     ASSERT_EQ(i.hasWallpaper, i2.hasWallpaper);
diff --git a/libs/input/Input.cpp b/libs/input/Input.cpp
index 5f440b7..44487c3 100644
--- a/libs/input/Input.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Input.cpp
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@
 #include <attestation/HmacKeyManager.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
-#include <limits.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gui/constants.h>
+#include <input/DisplayViewport.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <input/InputDevice.h>
 #include <input/InputEventLabels.h>
@@ -43,15 +42,6 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-// When per-window-input-rotation is enabled, InputFlinger works in the un-rotated display
-// coordinates and SurfaceFlinger includes the display rotation in the input window transforms.
-bool isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled() {
-    static const bool PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION =
-            base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", false);
-
-    return PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION;
-}
-
 float transformAngle(const ui::Transform& transform, float angleRadians) {
     // Construct and transform a vector oriented at the specified clockwise angle from vertical.
     // Coordinate system: down is increasing Y, right is increasing X.
@@ -71,40 +61,17 @@
     return atan2f(transformedPoint.x, -transformedPoint.y);
 }
 
-// Rotates the given point to the specified orientation. If the display width and height are
-// provided, the point is rotated in the screen space. Otherwise, the point is rotated about the
-// origin. This helper is used to avoid the extra overhead of creating new Transforms.
-vec2 rotatePoint(uint32_t orientation, float x, float y, int32_t displayWidth = 0,
-                 int32_t displayHeight = 0) {
-    if (orientation == ui::Transform::ROT_0) {
-        return {x, y};
-    }
-
-    vec2 xy(x, y);
-    if (orientation == ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
-        xy.x = displayHeight - y;
-        xy.y = x;
-    } else if (orientation == ui::Transform::ROT_180) {
-        xy.x = displayWidth - x;
-        xy.y = displayHeight - y;
-    } else if (orientation == ui::Transform::ROT_270) {
-        xy.x = y;
-        xy.y = displayWidth - x;
-    }
-    return xy;
+bool shouldDisregardTransformation(uint32_t source) {
+    // Do not apply any transformations to axes from joysticks or touchpads.
+    return isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_JOYSTICK) ||
+            isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POSITION);
 }
 
-vec2 applyTransformWithoutTranslation(const ui::Transform& transform, float x, float y) {
-    const vec2 transformedXy = transform.transform(x, y);
-    const vec2 transformedOrigin = transform.transform(0, 0);
-    return transformedXy - transformedOrigin;
-}
-
-bool shouldDisregardWindowTranslation(uint32_t source) {
+bool shouldDisregardOffset(uint32_t source) {
     // Pointer events are the only type of events that refer to absolute coordinates on the display,
     // so we should apply the entire window transform. For other types of events, we should make
     // sure to not apply the window translation/offset.
-    return (source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) == 0;
+    return !isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -148,6 +115,12 @@
 
 // --- InputEvent ---
 
+vec2 transformWithoutTranslation(const ui::Transform& transform, const vec2& xy) {
+    const vec2 transformedXy = transform.transform(xy);
+    const vec2 transformedOrigin = transform.transform(0, 0);
+    return transformedXy - transformedOrigin;
+}
+
 const char* inputEventTypeToString(int32_t type) {
     switch (type) {
         case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY: {
@@ -165,10 +138,56 @@
         case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_DRAG: {
             return "DRAG";
         }
+        case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE: {
+            return "TOUCH_MODE";
+        }
     }
     return "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
+std::string inputEventSourceToString(int32_t source) {
+    if (source == AINPUT_SOURCE_UNKNOWN) {
+        return "UNKNOWN";
+    }
+    if (source == static_cast<int32_t>(AINPUT_SOURCE_ANY)) {
+        return "ANY";
+    }
+    static const std::map<int32_t, const char*> SOURCES{
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD, "KEYBOARD"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_DPAD, "DPAD"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_GAMEPAD, "GAMEPAD"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, "TOUCHSCREEN"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, "MOUSE"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS, "STYLUS"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_BLUETOOTH_STYLUS, "BLUETOOTH_STYLUS"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_TRACKBALL, "TRACKBALL"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE, "MOUSE_RELATIVE"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD, "TOUCHPAD"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCH_NAVIGATION, "TOUCH_NAVIGATION"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK, "JOYSTICK"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_HDMI, "HDMI"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_SENSOR, "SENSOR"},
+            {AINPUT_SOURCE_ROTARY_ENCODER, "ROTARY_ENCODER"},
+    };
+    std::string result;
+    for (const auto& [source_entry, str] : SOURCES) {
+        if ((source & source_entry) == source_entry) {
+            if (!result.empty()) {
+                result += " | ";
+            }
+            result += str;
+        }
+    }
+    if (result.empty()) {
+        result = StringPrintf("0x%08x", source);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool isFromSource(uint32_t source, uint32_t test) {
+    return (source & test) == test;
+}
+
 VerifiedKeyEvent verifiedKeyEventFromKeyEvent(const KeyEvent& event) {
     return {{VerifiedInputEvent::Type::KEY, event.getDeviceId(), event.getEventTime(),
              event.getSource(), event.getDisplayId()},
@@ -325,10 +344,6 @@
     scaleAxisValue(*this, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, windowYScale);
 }
 
-void PointerCoords::scale(float globalScaleFactor) {
-    scale(globalScaleFactor, globalScaleFactor, globalScaleFactor);
-}
-
 void PointerCoords::applyOffset(float xOffset, float yOffset) {
     setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, getX() + xOffset);
     setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, getY() + yOffset);
@@ -427,8 +442,7 @@
                              int32_t buttonState, MotionClassification classification,
                              const ui::Transform& transform, float xPrecision, float yPrecision,
                              float rawXCursorPosition, float rawYCursorPosition,
-                             uint32_t displayOrientation, int32_t displayWidth,
-                             int32_t displayHeight, nsecs_t downTime, nsecs_t eventTime,
+                             const ui::Transform& rawTransform, nsecs_t downTime, nsecs_t eventTime,
                              size_t pointerCount, const PointerProperties* pointerProperties,
                              const PointerCoords* pointerCoords) {
     InputEvent::initialize(id, deviceId, source, displayId, hmac);
@@ -444,9 +458,7 @@
     mYPrecision = yPrecision;
     mRawXCursorPosition = rawXCursorPosition;
     mRawYCursorPosition = rawYCursorPosition;
-    mDisplayOrientation = displayOrientation;
-    mDisplayWidth = displayWidth;
-    mDisplayHeight = displayHeight;
+    mRawTransform = rawTransform;
     mDownTime = downTime;
     mPointerProperties.clear();
     mPointerProperties.appendArray(pointerProperties, pointerCount);
@@ -470,9 +482,7 @@
     mYPrecision = other->mYPrecision;
     mRawXCursorPosition = other->mRawXCursorPosition;
     mRawYCursorPosition = other->mRawYCursorPosition;
-    mDisplayOrientation = other->mDisplayOrientation;
-    mDisplayWidth = other->mDisplayWidth;
-    mDisplayHeight = other->mDisplayHeight;
+    mRawTransform = other->mRawTransform;
     mDownTime = other->mDownTime;
     mPointerProperties = other->mPointerProperties;
 
@@ -497,6 +507,24 @@
     mSamplePointerCoords.appendArray(pointerCoords, getPointerCount());
 }
 
+int MotionEvent::getSurfaceRotation() const {
+    // The surface rotation is the rotation from the window's coordinate space to that of the
+    // display. Since the event's transform takes display space coordinates to window space, the
+    // returned surface rotation is the inverse of the rotation for the surface.
+    switch (mTransform.getOrientation()) {
+        case ui::Transform::ROT_0:
+            return DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
+        case ui::Transform::ROT_90:
+            return DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270;
+        case ui::Transform::ROT_180:
+            return DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180;
+        case ui::Transform::ROT_270:
+            return DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+}
+
 float MotionEvent::getXCursorPosition() const {
     vec2 vals = mTransform.transform(getRawXCursorPosition(), getRawYCursorPosition());
     return vals.x;
@@ -533,56 +561,14 @@
 
 float MotionEvent::getHistoricalRawAxisValue(int32_t axis, size_t pointerIndex,
                                              size_t historicalIndex) const {
-    const PointerCoords* coords = getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(pointerIndex, historicalIndex);
-
-    if (!isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) return coords->getAxisValue(axis);
-
-    if (axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X || axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y) {
-        // For compatibility, convert raw coordinates into "oriented screen space". Once app
-        // developers are educated about getRaw, we can consider removing this.
-        const vec2 xy = shouldDisregardWindowTranslation(mSource)
-                ? rotatePoint(mDisplayOrientation, coords->getX(), coords->getY())
-                : rotatePoint(mDisplayOrientation, coords->getX(), coords->getY(), mDisplayWidth,
-                              mDisplayHeight);
-        static_assert(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X == 0 && AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y == 1);
-        return xy[axis];
-    }
-
-    if (axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X || axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y) {
-        // For compatibility, since we convert raw coordinates into "oriented screen space", we
-        // need to convert the relative axes into the same orientation for consistency.
-        const vec2 relativeXy = rotatePoint(mDisplayOrientation,
-                                            coords->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X),
-                                            coords->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y));
-        return axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X ? relativeXy.x : relativeXy.y;
-    }
-
-    return coords->getAxisValue(axis);
+    const PointerCoords& coords = *getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(pointerIndex, historicalIndex);
+    return calculateTransformedAxisValue(axis, mSource, mRawTransform, coords);
 }
 
 float MotionEvent::getHistoricalAxisValue(int32_t axis, size_t pointerIndex,
                                           size_t historicalIndex) const {
-    const PointerCoords* coords = getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(pointerIndex, historicalIndex);
-
-    if (axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X || axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y) {
-        const vec2 xy = shouldDisregardWindowTranslation(mSource)
-                ? applyTransformWithoutTranslation(mTransform, coords->getX(), coords->getY())
-                : mTransform.transform(coords->getXYValue());
-        static_assert(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X == 0 && AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y == 1);
-        return xy[axis];
-    }
-
-    if (axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X || axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y) {
-        const vec2 relativeXy =
-                applyTransformWithoutTranslation(mTransform,
-                                                 coords->getAxisValue(
-                                                         AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X),
-                                                 coords->getAxisValue(
-                                                         AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y));
-        return axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X ? relativeXy.x : relativeXy.y;
-    }
-
-    return coords->getAxisValue(axis);
+    const PointerCoords& coords = *getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(pointerIndex, historicalIndex);
+    return calculateTransformedAxisValue(axis, mSource, mTransform, coords);
 }
 
 ssize_t MotionEvent::findPointerIndex(int32_t pointerId) const {
@@ -603,6 +589,8 @@
 
 void MotionEvent::scale(float globalScaleFactor) {
     mTransform.set(mTransform.tx() * globalScaleFactor, mTransform.ty() * globalScaleFactor);
+    mRawTransform.set(mRawTransform.tx() * globalScaleFactor,
+                      mRawTransform.ty() * globalScaleFactor);
     mXPrecision *= globalScaleFactor;
     mYPrecision *= globalScaleFactor;
 
@@ -619,15 +607,6 @@
     ui::Transform newTransform;
     newTransform.set(matrix);
     mTransform = newTransform * mTransform;
-
-    // We need to update the AXIS_ORIENTATION value here to maintain the old behavior where the
-    // orientation angle is not affected by the initial transformation set in the MotionEvent.
-    std::for_each(mSamplePointerCoords.begin(), mSamplePointerCoords.end(),
-                  [&newTransform](PointerCoords& c) {
-                      float orientation = c.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION);
-                      c.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION,
-                                     transformAngle(newTransform, orientation));
-                  });
 }
 
 void MotionEvent::applyTransform(const std::array<float, 9>& matrix) {
@@ -704,9 +683,11 @@
     mYPrecision = parcel->readFloat();
     mRawXCursorPosition = parcel->readFloat();
     mRawYCursorPosition = parcel->readFloat();
-    mDisplayOrientation = parcel->readUint32();
-    mDisplayWidth = parcel->readInt32();
-    mDisplayHeight = parcel->readInt32();
+
+    result = android::readFromParcel(mRawTransform, *parcel);
+    if (result != OK) {
+        return result;
+    }
     mDownTime = parcel->readInt64();
 
     mPointerProperties.clear();
@@ -766,9 +747,11 @@
     parcel->writeFloat(mYPrecision);
     parcel->writeFloat(mRawXCursorPosition);
     parcel->writeFloat(mRawYCursorPosition);
-    parcel->writeUint32(mDisplayOrientation);
-    parcel->writeInt32(mDisplayWidth);
-    parcel->writeInt32(mDisplayHeight);
+
+    result = android::writeToParcel(mRawTransform, *parcel);
+    if (result != OK) {
+        return result;
+    }
     parcel->writeInt64(mDownTime);
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
@@ -792,7 +775,7 @@
 #endif
 
 bool MotionEvent::isTouchEvent(uint32_t source, int32_t action) {
-    if (source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) {
+    if (isFromSource(source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER)) {
         // Specifically excludes HOVER_MOVE and SCROLL.
         switch (action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK) {
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
@@ -830,9 +813,9 @@
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_OUTSIDE:
             return "OUTSIDE";
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
-            return "POINTER_DOWN";
+            return StringPrintf("POINTER_DOWN(%" PRId32 ")", MotionEvent::getActionIndex(action));
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP:
-            return "POINTER_UP";
+            return StringPrintf("POINTER_UP(%" PRId32 ")", MotionEvent::getActionIndex(action));
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE:
             return "HOVER_MOVE";
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL:
@@ -849,19 +832,61 @@
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%" PRId32, action);
 }
 
+// Apply the given transformation to the point without checking whether the entire transform
+// should be disregarded altogether for the provided source.
+static inline vec2 calculateTransformedXYUnchecked(uint32_t source, const ui::Transform& transform,
+                                                   const vec2& xy) {
+    return shouldDisregardOffset(source) ? transformWithoutTranslation(transform, xy)
+                                         : transform.transform(xy);
+}
+
+vec2 MotionEvent::calculateTransformedXY(uint32_t source, const ui::Transform& transform,
+                                         const vec2& xy) {
+    if (shouldDisregardTransformation(source)) {
+        return xy;
+    }
+    return calculateTransformedXYUnchecked(source, transform, xy);
+}
+
+float MotionEvent::calculateTransformedAxisValue(int32_t axis, uint32_t source,
+                                                 const ui::Transform& transform,
+                                                 const PointerCoords& coords) {
+    if (shouldDisregardTransformation(source)) {
+        return coords.getAxisValue(axis);
+    }
+
+    if (axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X || axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y) {
+        const vec2 xy = calculateTransformedXYUnchecked(source, transform, coords.getXYValue());
+        static_assert(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X == 0 && AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y == 1);
+        return xy[axis];
+    }
+
+    if (axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X || axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y) {
+        const vec2 relativeXy =
+                transformWithoutTranslation(transform,
+                                            {coords.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X),
+                                             coords.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y)});
+        return axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X ? relativeXy.x : relativeXy.y;
+    }
+
+    if (axis == AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION) {
+        return transformAngle(transform, coords.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION));
+    }
+
+    return coords.getAxisValue(axis);
+}
+
 // --- FocusEvent ---
 
-void FocusEvent::initialize(int32_t id, bool hasFocus, bool inTouchMode) {
+void FocusEvent::initialize(int32_t id, bool hasFocus) {
     InputEvent::initialize(id, ReservedInputDeviceId::VIRTUAL_KEYBOARD_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_UNKNOWN,
                            ADISPLAY_ID_NONE, INVALID_HMAC);
     mHasFocus = hasFocus;
-    mInTouchMode = inTouchMode;
 }
 
 void FocusEvent::initialize(const FocusEvent& from) {
     InputEvent::initialize(from);
     mHasFocus = from.mHasFocus;
-    mInTouchMode = from.mInTouchMode;
 }
 
 // --- CaptureEvent ---
@@ -894,6 +919,19 @@
     mY = from.mY;
 }
 
+// --- TouchModeEvent ---
+
+void TouchModeEvent::initialize(int32_t id, bool isInTouchMode) {
+    InputEvent::initialize(id, ReservedInputDeviceId::VIRTUAL_KEYBOARD_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_UNKNOWN,
+                           ADISPLAY_ID_NONE, INVALID_HMAC);
+    mIsInTouchMode = isInTouchMode;
+}
+
+void TouchModeEvent::initialize(const TouchModeEvent& from) {
+    InputEvent::initialize(from);
+    mIsInTouchMode = from.mIsInTouchMode;
+}
+
 // --- PooledInputEventFactory ---
 
 PooledInputEventFactory::PooledInputEventFactory(size_t maxPoolSize) :
@@ -948,6 +986,15 @@
     return event;
 }
 
+TouchModeEvent* PooledInputEventFactory::createTouchModeEvent() {
+    if (mTouchModeEventPool.empty()) {
+        return new TouchModeEvent();
+    }
+    TouchModeEvent* event = mTouchModeEventPool.front().release();
+    mTouchModeEventPool.pop();
+    return event;
+}
+
 void PooledInputEventFactory::recycle(InputEvent* event) {
     switch (event->getType()) {
     case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY:
@@ -981,6 +1028,13 @@
             return;
         }
         break;
+    case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE:
+        if (mTouchModeEventPool.size() < mMaxPoolSize) {
+            mTouchModeEventPool.push(
+                    std::unique_ptr<TouchModeEvent>(static_cast<TouchModeEvent*>(event)));
+            return;
+        }
+        break;
     }
     delete event;
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp b/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp
index 1aec477..ac84627 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputDevice.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <input/InputDevice.h>
 #include <input/InputEventLabels.h>
 
@@ -208,10 +208,8 @@
 
 const InputDeviceInfo::MotionRange* InputDeviceInfo::getMotionRange(
         int32_t axis, uint32_t source) const {
-    size_t numRanges = mMotionRanges.size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numRanges; i++) {
-        const MotionRange& range = mMotionRanges[i];
-        if (range.axis == axis && range.source == source) {
+    for (const MotionRange& range : mMotionRanges) {
+        if (range.axis == axis && isFromSource(range.source, source)) {
             return &range;
         }
     }
@@ -235,7 +233,7 @@
 void InputDeviceInfo::addSensorInfo(const InputDeviceSensorInfo& info) {
     if (mSensors.find(info.type) != mSensors.end()) {
         ALOGW("Sensor type %s already exists, will be replaced by new sensor added.",
-              NamedEnum::string(info.type).c_str());
+              ftl::enum_string(info.type).c_str());
     }
     mSensors.insert_or_assign(info.type, info);
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
index ea8b9a7..a065ce2 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputTransport.cpp
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@
         case Type::FOCUS:
         case Type::CAPTURE:
         case Type::DRAG:
+        case Type::TOUCH_MODE:
             return true;
         case Type::TIMELINE: {
             const nsecs_t gpuCompletedTime =
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@
             return sizeof(Header) + body.drag.size();
         case Type::TIMELINE:
             return sizeof(Header) + body.timeline.size();
+        case Type::TOUCH_MODE:
+            return sizeof(Header) + body.touchMode.size();
     }
     return sizeof(Header);
 }
@@ -200,6 +203,8 @@
         case InputMessage::Type::MOTION: {
             // int32_t eventId
             msg->body.motion.eventId = body.motion.eventId;
+            // uint32_t pointerCount
+            msg->body.motion.pointerCount = body.motion.pointerCount;
             // nsecs_t eventTime
             msg->body.motion.eventTime = body.motion.eventTime;
             // int32_t deviceId
@@ -242,14 +247,14 @@
             msg->body.motion.xCursorPosition = body.motion.xCursorPosition;
             // float yCursorPosition
             msg->body.motion.yCursorPosition = body.motion.yCursorPosition;
-            // uint32_t displayOrientation
-            msg->body.motion.displayOrientation = body.motion.displayOrientation;
-            // int32_t displayWidth
-            msg->body.motion.displayWidth = body.motion.displayWidth;
-            // int32_t displayHeight
-            msg->body.motion.displayHeight = body.motion.displayHeight;
-            // uint32_t pointerCount
-            msg->body.motion.pointerCount = body.motion.pointerCount;
+
+            msg->body.motion.dsdxRaw = body.motion.dsdxRaw;
+            msg->body.motion.dtdxRaw = body.motion.dtdxRaw;
+            msg->body.motion.dtdyRaw = body.motion.dtdyRaw;
+            msg->body.motion.dsdyRaw = body.motion.dsdyRaw;
+            msg->body.motion.txRaw = body.motion.txRaw;
+            msg->body.motion.tyRaw = body.motion.tyRaw;
+
             //struct Pointer pointers[MAX_POINTERS]
             for (size_t i = 0; i < body.motion.pointerCount; i++) {
                 // PointerProperties properties
@@ -273,7 +278,6 @@
         case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
             msg->body.focus.eventId = body.focus.eventId;
             msg->body.focus.hasFocus = body.focus.hasFocus;
-            msg->body.focus.inTouchMode = body.focus.inTouchMode;
             break;
         }
         case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
@@ -293,6 +297,10 @@
             msg->body.timeline.graphicsTimeline = body.timeline.graphicsTimeline;
             break;
         }
+        case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
+            msg->body.touchMode.eventId = body.touchMode.eventId;
+            msg->body.touchMode.isInTouchMode = body.touchMode.isInTouchMode;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -535,8 +543,8 @@
         std::array<uint8_t, 32> hmac, int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t flags,
         int32_t edgeFlags, int32_t metaState, int32_t buttonState,
         MotionClassification classification, const ui::Transform& transform, float xPrecision,
-        float yPrecision, float xCursorPosition, float yCursorPosition, uint32_t displayOrientation,
-        int32_t displayWidth, int32_t displayHeight, nsecs_t downTime, nsecs_t eventTime,
+        float yPrecision, float xCursorPosition, float yCursorPosition,
+        const ui::Transform& rawTransform, nsecs_t downTime, nsecs_t eventTime,
         uint32_t pointerCount, const PointerProperties* pointerProperties,
         const PointerCoords* pointerCoords) {
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
@@ -596,9 +604,12 @@
     msg.body.motion.yPrecision = yPrecision;
     msg.body.motion.xCursorPosition = xCursorPosition;
     msg.body.motion.yCursorPosition = yCursorPosition;
-    msg.body.motion.displayOrientation = displayOrientation;
-    msg.body.motion.displayWidth = displayWidth;
-    msg.body.motion.displayHeight = displayHeight;
+    msg.body.motion.dsdxRaw = rawTransform.dsdx();
+    msg.body.motion.dtdxRaw = rawTransform.dtdx();
+    msg.body.motion.dtdyRaw = rawTransform.dtdy();
+    msg.body.motion.dsdyRaw = rawTransform.dsdy();
+    msg.body.motion.txRaw = rawTransform.tx();
+    msg.body.motion.tyRaw = rawTransform.ty();
     msg.body.motion.downTime = downTime;
     msg.body.motion.eventTime = eventTime;
     msg.body.motion.pointerCount = pointerCount;
@@ -610,13 +621,10 @@
     return mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
 }
 
-status_t InputPublisher::publishFocusEvent(uint32_t seq, int32_t eventId, bool hasFocus,
-                                           bool inTouchMode) {
+status_t InputPublisher::publishFocusEvent(uint32_t seq, int32_t eventId, bool hasFocus) {
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
-        std::string message =
-                StringPrintf("publishFocusEvent(inputChannel=%s, hasFocus=%s, inTouchMode=%s)",
-                             mChannel->getName().c_str(), toString(hasFocus),
-                             toString(inTouchMode));
+        std::string message = StringPrintf("publishFocusEvent(inputChannel=%s, hasFocus=%s)",
+                                           mChannel->getName().c_str(), toString(hasFocus));
         ATRACE_NAME(message.c_str());
     }
 
@@ -625,7 +633,6 @@
     msg.header.seq = seq;
     msg.body.focus.eventId = eventId;
     msg.body.focus.hasFocus = hasFocus;
-    msg.body.focus.inTouchMode = inTouchMode;
     return mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
 }
 
@@ -665,6 +672,22 @@
     return mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
 }
 
+status_t InputPublisher::publishTouchModeEvent(uint32_t seq, int32_t eventId, bool isInTouchMode) {
+    if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
+        std::string message =
+                StringPrintf("publishTouchModeEvent(inputChannel=%s, isInTouchMode=%s)",
+                             mChannel->getName().c_str(), toString(isInTouchMode));
+        ATRACE_NAME(message.c_str());
+    }
+
+    InputMessage msg;
+    msg.header.type = InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE;
+    msg.header.seq = seq;
+    msg.body.touchMode.eventId = eventId;
+    msg.body.touchMode.isInTouchMode = isInTouchMode;
+    return mChannel->sendMessage(&msg);
+}
+
 android::base::Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> InputPublisher::receiveConsumerResponse() {
     if (DEBUG_TRANSPORT_ACTIONS) {
         ALOGD("channel '%s' publisher ~ %s", mChannel->getName().c_str(), __func__);
@@ -691,7 +714,7 @@
     }
 
     ALOGE("channel '%s' publisher ~ Received unexpected %s message from consumer",
-          mChannel->getName().c_str(), NamedEnum::string(msg.header.type).c_str());
+          mChannel->getName().c_str(), ftl::enum_string(msg.header.type).c_str());
     return android::base::Error(UNKNOWN_ERROR);
 }
 
@@ -833,7 +856,7 @@
             case InputMessage::Type::TIMELINE: {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Consumed a %s message, which should never be seen by "
                                  "InputConsumer!",
-                                 NamedEnum::string(mMsg.header.type).c_str());
+                                 ftl::enum_string(mMsg.header.type).c_str());
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -866,6 +889,16 @@
                 *outEvent = dragEvent;
                 break;
             }
+
+            case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
+                TouchModeEvent* touchModeEvent = factory->createTouchModeEvent();
+                if (!touchModeEvent) return NO_MEMORY;
+
+                initializeTouchModeEvent(touchModeEvent, &mMsg);
+                *outSeq = mMsg.header.seq;
+                *outEvent = touchModeEvent;
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
     return OK;
@@ -1333,8 +1366,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputConsumer::initializeFocusEvent(FocusEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
-    event->initialize(msg->body.focus.eventId, msg->body.focus.hasFocus,
-                      msg->body.focus.inTouchMode);
+    event->initialize(msg->body.focus.eventId, msg->body.focus.hasFocus);
 }
 
 void InputConsumer::initializeCaptureEvent(CaptureEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
@@ -1358,6 +1390,10 @@
     ui::Transform transform;
     transform.set({msg->body.motion.dsdx, msg->body.motion.dtdx, msg->body.motion.tx,
                    msg->body.motion.dtdy, msg->body.motion.dsdy, msg->body.motion.ty, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform displayTransform;
+    displayTransform.set({msg->body.motion.dsdxRaw, msg->body.motion.dtdxRaw,
+                          msg->body.motion.txRaw, msg->body.motion.dtdyRaw,
+                          msg->body.motion.dsdyRaw, msg->body.motion.tyRaw, 0, 0, 1});
     event->initialize(msg->body.motion.eventId, msg->body.motion.deviceId, msg->body.motion.source,
                       msg->body.motion.displayId, msg->body.motion.hmac, msg->body.motion.action,
                       msg->body.motion.actionButton, msg->body.motion.flags,
@@ -1365,9 +1401,12 @@
                       msg->body.motion.buttonState, msg->body.motion.classification, transform,
                       msg->body.motion.xPrecision, msg->body.motion.yPrecision,
                       msg->body.motion.xCursorPosition, msg->body.motion.yCursorPosition,
-                      msg->body.motion.displayOrientation, msg->body.motion.displayWidth,
-                      msg->body.motion.displayHeight, msg->body.motion.downTime,
-                      msg->body.motion.eventTime, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+                      displayTransform, msg->body.motion.downTime, msg->body.motion.eventTime,
+                      pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+}
+
+void InputConsumer::initializeTouchModeEvent(TouchModeEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
+    event->initialize(msg->body.touchMode.eventId, msg->body.touchMode.isInTouchMode);
 }
 
 void InputConsumer::addSample(MotionEvent* event, const InputMessage* msg) {
@@ -1412,14 +1451,14 @@
     out = out + "mChannel = " + mChannel->getName() + "\n";
     out = out + "mMsgDeferred: " + toString(mMsgDeferred) + "\n";
     if (mMsgDeferred) {
-        out = out + "mMsg : " + NamedEnum::string(mMsg.header.type) + "\n";
+        out = out + "mMsg : " + ftl::enum_string(mMsg.header.type) + "\n";
     }
     out += "Batches:\n";
     for (const Batch& batch : mBatches) {
         out += "    Batch:\n";
         for (const InputMessage& msg : batch.samples) {
             out += android::base::StringPrintf("        Message %" PRIu32 ": %s ", msg.header.seq,
-                                               NamedEnum::string(msg.header.type).c_str());
+                                               ftl::enum_string(msg.header.type).c_str());
             switch (msg.header.type) {
                 case InputMessage::Type::KEY: {
                     out += android::base::StringPrintf("action=%s keycode=%" PRId32,
@@ -1446,9 +1485,8 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case InputMessage::Type::FOCUS: {
-                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("hasFocus=%s inTouchMode=%s",
-                                                       toString(msg.body.focus.hasFocus),
-                                                       toString(msg.body.focus.inTouchMode));
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("hasFocus=%s",
+                                                       toString(msg.body.focus.hasFocus));
                     break;
                 }
                 case InputMessage::Type::CAPTURE: {
@@ -1476,6 +1514,11 @@
                                                        presentTime);
                     break;
                 }
+                case InputMessage::Type::TOUCH_MODE: {
+                    out += android::base::StringPrintf("isInTouchMode=%s",
+                                                       toString(msg.body.touchMode.isInTouchMode));
+                    break;
+                }
             }
             out += "\n";
         }
diff --git a/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp b/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp
index c365ab0..7c25cda 100644
--- a/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/KeyLayoutMap.cpp
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "KeyLayoutMap"
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
 #include <android/keycodes.h>
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <input/InputEventLabels.h>
 #include <input/KeyLayoutMap.h>
 #include <input/Keyboard.h>
@@ -28,6 +26,10 @@
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <utils/Tokenizer.h>
 
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
 // Enables debug output for the parser.
 #define DEBUG_PARSER 0
 
@@ -39,36 +41,38 @@
 
 
 namespace android {
+namespace {
 
-static const char* WHITESPACE = " \t\r";
+constexpr const char* WHITESPACE = " \t\r";
 
-#define SENSOR_ENTRY(type) NamedEnum::string(type), type
-static const std::unordered_map<std::string, InputDeviceSensorType> SENSOR_LIST =
-        {{SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::ORIENTATION)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::LIGHT)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::PRESSURE)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::TEMPERATURE)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::PROXIMITY)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::GRAVITY)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::LINEAR_ACCELERATION)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::ROTATION_VECTOR)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::RELATIVE_HUMIDITY)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED)},
-         {SENSOR_ENTRY(InputDeviceSensorType::SIGNIFICANT_MOTION)}};
-
-// --- KeyLayoutMap ---
-
-KeyLayoutMap::KeyLayoutMap() {
+template <InputDeviceSensorType S>
+constexpr auto sensorPair() {
+    return std::make_pair(ftl::enum_name<S>(), S);
 }
 
-KeyLayoutMap::~KeyLayoutMap() {
-}
+static const std::unordered_map<std::string_view, InputDeviceSensorType> SENSOR_LIST =
+        {sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::ACCELEROMETER>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::ORIENTATION>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::LIGHT>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::PRESSURE>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::TEMPERATURE>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::PROXIMITY>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::GRAVITY>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::LINEAR_ACCELERATION>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::ROTATION_VECTOR>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::RELATIVE_HUMIDITY>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED>(),
+         sensorPair<InputDeviceSensorType::SIGNIFICANT_MOTION>()};
+
+} // namespace
+
+KeyLayoutMap::KeyLayoutMap() = default;
+KeyLayoutMap::~KeyLayoutMap() = default;
 
 base::Result<std::shared_ptr<KeyLayoutMap>> KeyLayoutMap::loadContents(const std::string& filename,
                                                                        const char* contents) {
@@ -160,8 +164,8 @@
     const Sensor& sensor = it->second;
 
 #if DEBUG_MAPPING
-    ALOGD("mapSensor: absCode=%d, sensorType=0x%0x, sensorDataIndex=0x%x.", absCode,
-          NamedEnum::string(sensor.sensorType), sensor.sensorDataIndex);
+    ALOGD("mapSensor: absCode=%d, sensorType=%s, sensorDataIndex=0x%x.", absCode,
+          ftl::enum_string(sensor.sensorType).c_str(), sensor.sensorDataIndex);
 #endif
     return std::make_pair(sensor.sensorType, sensor.sensorDataIndex);
 }
@@ -513,7 +517,7 @@
 }
 
 static std::optional<InputDeviceSensorType> getSensorType(const char* token) {
-    auto it = SENSOR_LIST.find(std::string(token));
+    auto it = SENSOR_LIST.find(token);
     if (it == SENSOR_LIST.end()) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
@@ -581,8 +585,8 @@
     int32_t sensorDataIndex = indexOpt.value();
 
 #if DEBUG_PARSER
-    ALOGD("Parsed sensor: abs code=%d, sensorType=%d, sensorDataIndex=%d.", code,
-          NamedEnum::string(sensorType).c_str(), sensorDataIndex);
+    ALOGD("Parsed sensor: abs code=%d, sensorType=%s, sensorDataIndex=%d.", code,
+          ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str(), sensorDataIndex);
 #endif
 
     Sensor sensor;
@@ -591,4 +595,5 @@
     map.emplace(code, sensor);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
-};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
index a44f0b7..a6465ee 100644
--- a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 // Log debug messages about velocity tracking.
-#define DEBUG_VELOCITY 0
+static constexpr bool DEBUG_VELOCITY = false;
 
 // Log debug messages about the progress of the algorithm itself.
-#define DEBUG_STRATEGY 0
+static constexpr bool DEBUG_STRATEGY = false;
 
 #include <array>
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include <optional>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <input/VelocityTracker.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@
     return sqrtf(r);
 }
 
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY || DEBUG_VELOCITY
 static std::string vectorToString(const float* a, uint32_t m) {
     std::string str;
     str += "[";
@@ -77,9 +75,11 @@
     str += " ]";
     return str;
 }
-#endif
 
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
+static std::string vectorToString(const std::vector<float>& v) {
+    return vectorToString(v.data(), v.size());
+}
+
 static std::string matrixToString(const float* a, uint32_t m, uint32_t n, bool rowMajor) {
     std::string str;
     str = "[";
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@
     str += " ]";
     return str;
 }
-#endif
 
 
 // --- VelocityTracker ---
@@ -133,12 +132,18 @@
         VelocityTracker::Strategy strategy) {
     switch (strategy) {
         case VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE:
+            if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+                ALOGI("Initializing impulse strategy");
+            }
             return std::make_unique<ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy>();
 
         case VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ1:
             return std::make_unique<LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(1);
 
         case VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2:
+            if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+                ALOGI("Initializing lsq2 strategy");
+            }
             return std::make_unique<LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2);
 
         case VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ3:
@@ -204,10 +209,10 @@
 
     if ((mCurrentPointerIdBits.value & idBits.value)
             && eventTime >= mLastEventTime + ASSUME_POINTER_STOPPED_TIME) {
-#if DEBUG_VELOCITY
-        ALOGD("VelocityTracker: stopped for %0.3f ms, clearing state.",
-                (eventTime - mLastEventTime) * 0.000001f);
-#endif
+        if (DEBUG_VELOCITY) {
+            ALOGD("VelocityTracker: stopped for %0.3f ms, clearing state.",
+                  (eventTime - mLastEventTime) * 0.000001f);
+        }
         // We have not received any movements for too long.  Assume that all pointers
         // have stopped.
         mStrategy->clear();
@@ -221,24 +226,24 @@
 
     mStrategy->addMovement(eventTime, idBits, positions);
 
-#if DEBUG_VELOCITY
-    ALOGD("VelocityTracker: addMovement eventTime=%" PRId64 ", idBits=0x%08x, activePointerId=%d",
-            eventTime, idBits.value, mActivePointerId);
-    for (BitSet32 iterBits(idBits); !iterBits.isEmpty(); ) {
-        uint32_t id = iterBits.firstMarkedBit();
-        uint32_t index = idBits.getIndexOfBit(id);
-        iterBits.clearBit(id);
-        Estimator estimator;
-        getEstimator(id, &estimator);
-        ALOGD("  %d: position (%0.3f, %0.3f), "
-                "estimator (degree=%d, xCoeff=%s, yCoeff=%s, confidence=%f)",
-                id, positions[index].x, positions[index].y,
-                int(estimator.degree),
-                vectorToString(estimator.xCoeff, estimator.degree + 1).c_str(),
-                vectorToString(estimator.yCoeff, estimator.degree + 1).c_str(),
-                estimator.confidence);
+    if (DEBUG_VELOCITY) {
+        ALOGD("VelocityTracker: addMovement eventTime=%" PRId64
+              ", idBits=0x%08x, activePointerId=%d",
+              eventTime, idBits.value, mActivePointerId);
+        for (BitSet32 iterBits(idBits); !iterBits.isEmpty();) {
+            uint32_t id = iterBits.firstMarkedBit();
+            uint32_t index = idBits.getIndexOfBit(id);
+            iterBits.clearBit(id);
+            Estimator estimator;
+            getEstimator(id, &estimator);
+            ALOGD("  %d: position (%0.3f, %0.3f), "
+                  "estimator (degree=%d, xCoeff=%s, yCoeff=%s, confidence=%f)",
+                  id, positions[index].x, positions[index].y, int(estimator.degree),
+                  vectorToString(estimator.xCoeff, estimator.degree + 1).c_str(),
+                  vectorToString(estimator.yCoeff, estimator.degree + 1).c_str(),
+                  estimator.confidence);
+        }
     }
-#endif
 }
 
 void VelocityTracker::addMovement(const MotionEvent* event) {
@@ -419,11 +424,10 @@
 static bool solveLeastSquares(const std::vector<float>& x, const std::vector<float>& y,
                               const std::vector<float>& w, uint32_t n, float* outB, float* outDet) {
     const size_t m = x.size();
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-    ALOGD("solveLeastSquares: m=%d, n=%d, x=%s, y=%s, w=%s", int(m), int(n),
-            vectorToString(x, m).c_str(), vectorToString(y, m).c_str(),
-            vectorToString(w, m).c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+        ALOGD("solveLeastSquares: m=%d, n=%d, x=%s, y=%s, w=%s", int(m), int(n),
+              vectorToString(x).c_str(), vectorToString(y).c_str(), vectorToString(w).c_str());
+    }
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(m != y.size() || m != w.size(), "Mismatched vector sizes");
 
     // Expand the X vector to a matrix A, pre-multiplied by the weights.
@@ -434,9 +438,9 @@
             a[i][h] = a[i - 1][h] * x[h];
         }
     }
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-    ALOGD("  - a=%s", matrixToString(&a[0][0], m, n, false /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+        ALOGD("  - a=%s", matrixToString(&a[0][0], m, n, false /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
+    }
 
     // Apply the Gram-Schmidt process to A to obtain its QR decomposition.
     float q[n][m]; // orthonormal basis, column-major order
@@ -455,9 +459,9 @@
         float norm = vectorNorm(&q[j][0], m);
         if (norm < 0.000001f) {
             // vectors are linearly dependent or zero so no solution
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-            ALOGD("  - no solution, norm=%f", norm);
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+                ALOGD("  - no solution, norm=%f", norm);
+            }
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -469,22 +473,22 @@
             r[j][i] = i < j ? 0 : vectorDot(&q[j][0], &a[i][0], m);
         }
     }
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-    ALOGD("  - q=%s", matrixToString(&q[0][0], m, n, false /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
-    ALOGD("  - r=%s", matrixToString(&r[0][0], n, n, true /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
+    if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+        ALOGD("  - q=%s", matrixToString(&q[0][0], m, n, false /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
+        ALOGD("  - r=%s", matrixToString(&r[0][0], n, n, true /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
 
-    // calculate QR, if we factored A correctly then QR should equal A
-    float qr[n][m];
-    for (uint32_t h = 0; h < m; h++) {
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            qr[i][h] = 0;
-            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-                qr[i][h] += q[j][h] * r[j][i];
+        // calculate QR, if we factored A correctly then QR should equal A
+        float qr[n][m];
+        for (uint32_t h = 0; h < m; h++) {
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                qr[i][h] = 0;
+                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+                    qr[i][h] += q[j][h] * r[j][i];
+                }
             }
         }
+        ALOGD("  - qr=%s", matrixToString(&qr[0][0], m, n, false /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
     }
-    ALOGD("  - qr=%s", matrixToString(&qr[0][0], m, n, false /*rowMajor*/).c_str());
-#endif
 
     // Solve R B = Qt W Y to find B.  This is easy because R is upper triangular.
     // We just work from bottom-right to top-left calculating B's coefficients.
@@ -500,9 +504,9 @@
         }
         outB[i] /= r[i][i];
     }
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-    ALOGD("  - b=%s", vectorToString(outB, n).c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+        ALOGD("  - b=%s", vectorToString(outB, n).c_str());
+    }
 
     // Calculate the coefficient of determination as 1 - (SSerr / SStot) where
     // SSerr is the residual sum of squares (variance of the error),
@@ -528,11 +532,11 @@
         sstot += w[h] * w[h] * var * var;
     }
     *outDet = sstot > 0.000001f ? 1.0f - (sserr / sstot) : 1;
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-    ALOGD("  - sserr=%f", sserr);
-    ALOGD("  - sstot=%f", sstot);
-    ALOGD("  - det=%f", *outDet);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+        ALOGD("  - sserr=%f", sserr);
+        ALOGD("  - sstot=%f", sstot);
+        ALOGD("  - det=%f", *outDet);
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -655,13 +659,11 @@
             outEstimator->time = newestMovement.eventTime;
             outEstimator->degree = degree;
             outEstimator->confidence = xdet * ydet;
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-            ALOGD("estimate: degree=%d, xCoeff=%s, yCoeff=%s, confidence=%f",
-                    int(outEstimator->degree),
-                    vectorToString(outEstimator->xCoeff, n).c_str(),
-                    vectorToString(outEstimator->yCoeff, n).c_str(),
-                    outEstimator->confidence);
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+                ALOGD("estimate: degree=%d, xCoeff=%s, yCoeff=%s, confidence=%f",
+                      int(outEstimator->degree), vectorToString(outEstimator->xCoeff, n).c_str(),
+                      vectorToString(outEstimator->yCoeff, n).c_str(), outEstimator->confidence);
+            }
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -1169,9 +1171,9 @@
     outEstimator->time = newestMovement.eventTime;
     outEstimator->degree = 2; // similar results to 2nd degree fit
     outEstimator->confidence = 1;
-#if DEBUG_STRATEGY
-    ALOGD("velocity: (%f, %f)", outEstimator->xCoeff[1], outEstimator->yCoeff[1]);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_STRATEGY) {
+        ALOGD("velocity: (%f, %f)", outEstimator->xCoeff[1], outEstimator->yCoeff[1]);
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
index b1ef753..a92016b 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputEvent_test.cpp
@@ -226,39 +226,23 @@
     static constexpr float Y_SCALE = 3.0;
     static constexpr float X_OFFSET = 1;
     static constexpr float Y_OFFSET = 1.1;
-
-    static const std::optional<bool> INITIAL_PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION_FLAG_VALUE;
+    static constexpr float RAW_X_SCALE = 4.0;
+    static constexpr float RAW_Y_SCALE = -5.0;
+    static constexpr float RAW_X_OFFSET = 12;
+    static constexpr float RAW_Y_OFFSET = -41.1;
 
     int32_t mId;
     ui::Transform mTransform;
-
-    void SetUp() override;
-    void TearDown() override;
+    ui::Transform mRawTransform;
 
     void initializeEventWithHistory(MotionEvent* event);
     void assertEqualsEventWithHistory(const MotionEvent* event);
 };
 
-const std::optional<bool> MotionEventTest::INITIAL_PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION_FLAG_VALUE =
-        !base::GetProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", "").empty()
-        ? std::optional(base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", false))
-        : std::nullopt;
-
-void MotionEventTest::SetUp() {
-    // Ensure per_window_input_rotation is enabled.
-    base::SetProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", "true");
-}
-
-void MotionEventTest::TearDown() {
-    const auto val = INITIAL_PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION_FLAG_VALUE.has_value()
-            ? (*INITIAL_PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION_FLAG_VALUE ? "true" : "false")
-            : "";
-    base::SetProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", val);
-}
-
 void MotionEventTest::initializeEventWithHistory(MotionEvent* event) {
     mId = InputEvent::nextId();
     mTransform.set({X_SCALE, 0, X_OFFSET, 0, Y_SCALE, Y_OFFSET, 0, 0, 1});
+    mRawTransform.set({RAW_X_SCALE, 0, RAW_X_OFFSET, 0, RAW_Y_SCALE, RAW_Y_OFFSET, 0, 0, 1});
 
     PointerProperties pointerProperties[2];
     pointerProperties[0].clear();
@@ -294,9 +278,8 @@
                       AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_TOP, AMETA_ALT_ON, AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_PRIMARY,
                       MotionClassification::NONE, mTransform, 2.0f, 2.1f,
                       AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                      ui::Transform::ROT_0, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE,
-                      ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME, ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME, 2, pointerProperties,
-                      pointerCoords);
+                      mRawTransform, ARBITRARY_DOWN_TIME, ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME, 2,
+                      pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
 
     pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 110);
     pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 111);
@@ -373,39 +356,37 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 1, event->getHistoricalEventTime(1));
     ASSERT_EQ(ARBITRARY_EVENT_TIME + 2, event->getEventTime());
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(11, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 0)->
-            getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(21, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 0)->
-            getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(111, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 1)->
-            getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(121, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 1)->
-            getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(211, event->getRawPointerCoords(0)->
-            getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-    ASSERT_EQ(221, event->getRawPointerCoords(1)->
-            getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
+    ASSERT_EQ(11, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
+    ASSERT_EQ(21, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
+    ASSERT_EQ(111, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(0, 1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
+    ASSERT_EQ(121, event->getHistoricalRawPointerCoords(1, 1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
+    ASSERT_EQ(211, event->getRawPointerCoords(0)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
+    ASSERT_EQ(221, event->getRawPointerCoords(1)->getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(11, event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(21, event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(111, event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(121, event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(211, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(221, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 11 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 21 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 111 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 121 * RAW_Y_SCALE,
+              event->getHistoricalRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 221 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(10, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(20, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(110, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(120, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(210, event->getRawX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(220, event->getRawX(1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 10 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 20 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 110 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(0, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 120 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawX(1, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 210 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getRawX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_X_OFFSET + 220 * RAW_X_SCALE, event->getRawX(1));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(11, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(21, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(111, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(121, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(211, event->getRawY(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(221, event->getRawY(1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 11 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 21 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 111 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(0, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 121 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getHistoricalRawY(1, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawY(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(RAW_Y_OFFSET + 221 * RAW_Y_SCALE, event->getRawY(1));
 
     ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 10 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(0, 0));
     ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET + 20 * X_SCALE, event->getHistoricalX(1, 0));
@@ -463,12 +444,19 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(217, event->getToolMinor(0));
     ASSERT_EQ(227, event->getToolMinor(1));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(18, event->getHistoricalOrientation(0, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(28, event->getHistoricalOrientation(1, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(118, event->getHistoricalOrientation(0, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(128, event->getHistoricalOrientation(1, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ(218, event->getOrientation(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(228, event->getOrientation(1));
+    // Calculate the orientation after scaling, keeping in mind that an orientation of 0 is "up",
+    // and the positive y direction is "down".
+    auto toScaledOrientation = [](float angle) {
+        const float x = sinf(angle) * X_SCALE;
+        const float y = -cosf(angle) * Y_SCALE;
+        return atan2f(x, -y);
+    };
+    ASSERT_EQ(toScaledOrientation(18), event->getHistoricalOrientation(0, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(toScaledOrientation(28), event->getHistoricalOrientation(1, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(toScaledOrientation(118), event->getHistoricalOrientation(0, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(toScaledOrientation(128), event->getHistoricalOrientation(1, 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(toScaledOrientation(218), event->getOrientation(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(toScaledOrientation(228), event->getOrientation(1));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, Properties) {
@@ -537,14 +525,15 @@
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, Scale) {
     MotionEvent event;
     initializeEventWithHistory(&event);
+    const float unscaledOrientation = event.getOrientation(0);
 
     event.scale(2.0f);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(X_OFFSET * 2, event.getXOffset());
     ASSERT_EQ(Y_OFFSET * 2, event.getYOffset());
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(210 * 2, event.getRawX(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(211 * 2, event.getRawY(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ((RAW_X_OFFSET + 210 * RAW_X_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ((RAW_Y_OFFSET + 211 * RAW_Y_SCALE) * 2, event.getRawY(0));
     ASSERT_EQ((X_OFFSET + 210 * X_SCALE) * 2, event.getX(0));
     ASSERT_EQ((Y_OFFSET + 211 * Y_SCALE) * 2, event.getY(0));
     ASSERT_EQ(212, event.getPressure(0));
@@ -553,7 +542,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(215 * 2, event.getTouchMinor(0));
     ASSERT_EQ(216 * 2, event.getToolMajor(0));
     ASSERT_EQ(217 * 2, event.getToolMinor(0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(218, event.getOrientation(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(unscaledOrientation, event.getOrientation(0));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, Parcel) {
@@ -592,10 +581,10 @@
     // The geometrical representation is irrelevant to the test, it's just easy to generate
     // and check rotation.  We set the orientation to the same angle.
     // Coordinate system: down is increasing Y, right is increasing X.
-    const float PI_180 = float(M_PI / 180);
-    const float RADIUS = 10;
-    const float ARC = 36;
-    const float ROTATION = ARC * 2;
+    static constexpr float PI_180 = float(M_PI / 180);
+    static constexpr float RADIUS = 10;
+    static constexpr float ARC = 36;
+    static constexpr float ROTATION = ARC * 2;
 
     const size_t pointerCount = 11;
     PointerProperties pointerProperties[pointerCount];
@@ -616,9 +605,8 @@
                      AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, AMETA_NONE, 0 /*buttonState*/,
                      MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform, 0 /*xPrecision*/,
                      0 /*yPrecision*/, 3 + RADIUS /*xCursorPosition*/, 2 /*yCursorPosition*/,
-                     ui::Transform::ROT_0, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE,
-                     0 /*downTime*/, 0 /*eventTime*/, pointerCount, pointerProperties,
-                     pointerCoords);
+                     identityTransform, 0 /*downTime*/, 0 /*eventTime*/, pointerCount,
+                     pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     float originalRawX = 0 + 3;
     float originalRawY = -RADIUS + 2;
 
@@ -659,9 +647,8 @@
     ASSERT_NEAR(originalRawY, event.getRawY(0), 0.001);
 }
 
-MotionEvent createTouchDownEvent(float x, float y, float dx, float dy,
-                                 const ui::Transform& transform,
-                                 uint32_t displayOrientation = ui::Transform::ROT_0) {
+MotionEvent createMotionEvent(int32_t source, uint32_t action, float x, float y, float dx, float dy,
+                              const ui::Transform& transform, const ui::Transform& rawTransform) {
     std::vector<PointerProperties> pointerProperties;
     pointerProperties.push_back(PointerProperties{/* id */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER});
     std::vector<PointerCoords> pointerCoords;
@@ -672,24 +659,30 @@
     pointerCoords.back().setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, dy);
     nsecs_t eventTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
     MotionEvent event;
-    event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), /* deviceId */ 1, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
-                     /* displayId */ 0, INVALID_HMAC, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
+    event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), /* deviceId */ 1, source,
+                     /* displayId */ 0, INVALID_HMAC, action,
                      /* actionButton */ 0, /* flags */ 0, /* edgeFlags */ 0, AMETA_NONE,
                      /* buttonState */ 0, MotionClassification::NONE, transform,
                      /* xPrecision */ 0, /* yPrecision */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, displayOrientation,
-                     /* displayWidth */ 400,
-                     /* displayHeight */ 800, eventTime, eventTime, pointerCoords.size(),
-                     pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, rawTransform, eventTime, eventTime,
+                     pointerCoords.size(), pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
     return event;
 }
 
+MotionEvent createTouchDownEvent(float x, float y, float dx, float dy,
+                                 const ui::Transform& transform,
+                                 const ui::Transform& rawTransform) {
+    return createMotionEvent(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, x, y, dx, dy,
+                             transform, rawTransform);
+}
+
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, ApplyTransform) {
     // Create a rotate-90 transform with an offset (like a window which isn't fullscreen).
     ui::Transform identity;
-    ui::Transform xform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 800, 400);
-    xform.set(xform.tx() + 20, xform.ty() + 40);
-    MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, xform, ui::Transform::ROT_90);
+    ui::Transform transform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 800, 400);
+    transform.set(transform.tx() + 20, transform.ty() + 40);
+    ui::Transform rawTransform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 800, 400);
+    MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, transform, rawTransform);
     ASSERT_EQ(700, event.getRawX(0));
     ASSERT_EQ(60, event.getRawY(0));
     ASSERT_NE(event.getRawX(0), event.getX(0));
@@ -698,10 +691,10 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(-96, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
     ASSERT_EQ(42, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
 
-    MotionEvent changedEvent = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, identity);
-    const std::array<float, 9> rowMajor{xform[0][0], xform[1][0], xform[2][0],
-                                        xform[0][1], xform[1][1], xform[2][1],
-                                        xform[0][2], xform[1][2], xform[2][2]};
+    MotionEvent changedEvent = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, identity, identity);
+    const std::array<float, 9> rowMajor{transform[0][0], transform[1][0], transform[2][0],
+                                        transform[0][1], transform[1][1], transform[2][1],
+                                        transform[0][2], transform[1][2], transform[2][2]};
     changedEvent.applyTransform(rowMajor);
 
     // transformContent effectively rotates the raw coordinates, so those should now include
@@ -721,16 +714,39 @@
                 changedEvent.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0), 0.001);
 }
 
+TEST_F(MotionEventTest, JoystickAndTouchpadAreNotTransformed) {
+    constexpr static std::array kNonTransformedSources = {std::pair(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD,
+                                                                    AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                                                          std::pair(AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK,
+                                                                    AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE)};
+    // Create a rotate-90 transform with an offset (like a window which isn't fullscreen).
+    ui::Transform transform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 800, 400);
+    transform.set(transform.tx() + 20, transform.ty() + 40);
+
+    for (const auto& [source, action] : kNonTransformedSources) {
+        const MotionEvent event =
+                createMotionEvent(source, action, 60, 100, 0, 0, transform, transform);
+
+        // These events should not be transformed in any way.
+        ASSERT_EQ(60, event.getX(0));
+        ASSERT_EQ(100, event.getY(0));
+        ASSERT_EQ(event.getRawX(0), event.getX(0));
+        ASSERT_EQ(event.getRawY(0), event.getY(0));
+    }
+}
+
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, NonPointerSourcesAreNotTranslated) {
-    constexpr static auto NON_POINTER_SOURCES = {AINPUT_SOURCE_TRACKBALL,
-                                                 AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE,
-                                                 AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK};
-    for (uint32_t source : NON_POINTER_SOURCES) {
-        // Create a rotate-90 transform with an offset (like a window which isn't fullscreen).
-        ui::Transform xform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 800, 400);
-        xform.set(xform.tx() + 20, xform.ty() + 40);
-        MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, xform, ui::Transform::ROT_90);
-        event.setSource(source);
+    constexpr static std::array kNonPointerSources = {std::pair(AINPUT_SOURCE_TRACKBALL,
+                                                                AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
+                                                      std::pair(AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE,
+                                                                AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE)};
+    // Create a rotate-90 transform with an offset (like a window which isn't fullscreen).
+    ui::Transform transform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 800, 400);
+    transform.set(transform.tx() + 20, transform.ty() + 40);
+
+    for (const auto& [source, action] : kNonPointerSources) {
+        const MotionEvent event =
+                createMotionEvent(source, action, 60, 100, 42, 96, transform, transform);
 
         // Since this event comes from a non-pointer source, it should include rotation but not
         // translation/offset.
@@ -741,72 +757,34 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(MotionEventTest, RawCompatTransform) {
-    {
-        // Make sure raw is raw regardless of transform translation.
-        ui::Transform xform;
-        xform.set(20, 40);
-        MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, xform);
-        ASSERT_EQ(60, event.getRawX(0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(100, event.getRawY(0));
-        ASSERT_NE(event.getRawX(0), event.getX(0));
-        ASSERT_NE(event.getRawY(0), event.getY(0));
-        // Relative values should not be modified.
-        ASSERT_EQ(42, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(96, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
-    }
+TEST_F(MotionEventTest, AxesAreCorrectlyTransformed) {
+    const ui::Transform identity;
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set({1.1, -2.2, 3.3, -4.4, 5.5, -6.6, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform rawTransform;
+    rawTransform.set({-6.6, 5.5, -4.4, 3.3, -2.2, 1.1, 0, 0, 1});
+    auto transformWithoutTranslation = [](const ui::Transform& t, float x, float y) {
+        auto newPoint = t.transform(x, y);
+        auto newOrigin = t.transform(0, 0);
+        return newPoint - newOrigin;
+    };
 
-    // Next check that getRaw contains rotation (for compatibility) but otherwise is still
-    // "Screen-space". The following tests check all 3 rotations.
-    {
-        // Create a rotate-90 transform with an offset (like a window which isn't fullscreen).
-        ui::Transform xform(ui::Transform::ROT_90, 800, 400);
-        xform.set(xform.tx() + 20, xform.ty() + 40);
-        MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, xform, ui::Transform::ROT_90);
-        ASSERT_EQ(700, event.getRawX(0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(60, event.getRawY(0));
-        ASSERT_NE(event.getRawX(0), event.getX(0));
-        ASSERT_NE(event.getRawY(0), event.getY(0));
-        // Relative values should be rotated but not translated.
-        ASSERT_EQ(-96, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(42, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
-    }
+    const MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, transform, rawTransform);
 
-    {
-        // Same as above, but check rotate-180.
-        ui::Transform xform(ui::Transform::ROT_180, 400, 800);
-        xform.set(xform.tx() + 20, xform.ty() + 40);
-        MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, xform, ui::Transform::ROT_180);
-        ASSERT_EQ(340, event.getRawX(0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(700, event.getRawY(0));
-        // Relative values should be rotated but not translated.
-        ASSERT_EQ(-42, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(-96, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
-    }
+    // The x and y axes should have the window transform applied.
+    const auto newPoint = transform.transform(60, 100);
+    ASSERT_EQ(newPoint.x, event.getX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(newPoint.y, event.getY(0));
 
-    {
-        // Same as above, but check rotate-270.
-        ui::Transform xform(ui::Transform::ROT_270, 800, 400);
-        xform.set(xform.tx() + 20, xform.ty() + 40);
-        MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, xform, ui::Transform::ROT_270);
-        ASSERT_EQ(100, event.getRawX(0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(340, event.getRawY(0));
-        // Relative values should be rotated but not translated.
-        ASSERT_EQ(96, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(-42, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
-    }
+    // The raw values should have the display transform applied.
+    const auto raw = rawTransform.transform(60, 100);
+    ASSERT_EQ(raw.x, event.getRawX(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(raw.y, event.getRawY(0));
 
-    {
-        // Finally, check that raw isn't effected by transform
-        ui::Transform xform(ui::Transform::ROT_270, 800, 400);
-        xform.set(xform.tx() + 20, xform.ty() + 40);
-        MotionEvent event = createTouchDownEvent(60, 100, 42, 96, xform, ui::Transform::ROT_90);
-        ASSERT_EQ(700, event.getRawX(0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(60, event.getRawY(0));
-        // Relative values should be rotated but not translated.
-        ASSERT_EQ(96, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(-42, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
-    }
+    // Relative values should have the window transform applied without any translation.
+    const auto rel = transformWithoutTranslation(transform, 42, 96);
+    ASSERT_EQ(rel.x, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(rel.y, event.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, 0));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MotionEventTest, Initialize_SetsClassification) {
@@ -832,8 +810,7 @@
                          DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0,
                          AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, AMETA_NONE, 0, classification,
                          identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                         AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                         INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, 0 /*downTime*/,
+                         AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, 0 /*downTime*/,
                          0 /*eventTime*/, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
         ASSERT_EQ(classification, event.getClassification());
     }
@@ -854,9 +831,9 @@
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), 0 /*deviceId*/, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, DISPLAY_ID,
                      INVALID_HMAC, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE,
                      AMETA_NONE, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform, 0, 0,
-                     280 /*xCursorPosition*/, 540 /*yCursorPosition*/, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, 0 /*downTime*/, 0 /*eventTime*/,
-                     pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+                     280 /*xCursorPosition*/, 540 /*yCursorPosition*/, identityTransform,
+                     0 /*downTime*/, 0 /*eventTime*/, pointerCount, pointerProperties,
+                     pointerCoords);
     event.offsetLocation(20, 60);
     ASSERT_EQ(280, event.getRawXCursorPosition());
     ASSERT_EQ(540, event.getRawYCursorPosition());
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
index 5d1f2c3..05bc0bc 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/InputPublisherAndConsumer_test.cpp
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
     void PublishAndConsumeFocusEvent();
     void PublishAndConsumeCaptureEvent();
     void PublishAndConsumeDragEvent();
+    void PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent();
 };
 
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, GetChannel_ReturnsTheChannel) {
@@ -159,13 +160,14 @@
     constexpr float yScale = 3;
     constexpr float xOffset = -10;
     constexpr float yOffset = -20;
+    constexpr float rawXScale = 4;
+    constexpr float rawYScale = -5;
+    constexpr float rawXOffset = -11;
+    constexpr float rawYOffset = 42;
     constexpr float xPrecision = 0.25;
     constexpr float yPrecision = 0.5;
     constexpr float xCursorPosition = 1.3;
     constexpr float yCursorPosition = 50.6;
-    constexpr uint32_t displayOrientation = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
-    constexpr int32_t displayWidth = 1000;
-    constexpr int32_t displayHeight = 2000;
     constexpr nsecs_t downTime = 3;
     constexpr size_t pointerCount = 3;
     constexpr nsecs_t eventTime = 4;
@@ -191,12 +193,14 @@
 
     ui::Transform transform;
     transform.set({xScale, 0, xOffset, 0, yScale, yOffset, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform rawTransform;
+    rawTransform.set({rawXScale, 0, rawXOffset, 0, rawYScale, rawYOffset, 0, 0, 1});
     status = mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(seq, eventId, deviceId, source, displayId, hmac, action,
                                             actionButton, flags, edgeFlags, metaState, buttonState,
                                             classification, transform, xPrecision, yPrecision,
-                                            xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, displayOrientation,
-                                            displayWidth, displayHeight, downTime, eventTime,
-                                            pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+                                            xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, rawTransform,
+                                            downTime, eventTime, pointerCount, pointerProperties,
+                                            pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, status)
             << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return OK";
 
@@ -233,9 +237,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(yCursorPosition, motionEvent->getRawYCursorPosition());
     EXPECT_EQ(xCursorPosition * xScale + xOffset, motionEvent->getXCursorPosition());
     EXPECT_EQ(yCursorPosition * yScale + yOffset, motionEvent->getYCursorPosition());
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayOrientation, motionEvent->getDisplayOrientation());
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayWidth, motionEvent->getDisplaySize().x);
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayHeight, motionEvent->getDisplaySize().y);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rawTransform, motionEvent->getRawTransform());
     EXPECT_EQ(downTime, motionEvent->getDownTime());
     EXPECT_EQ(eventTime, motionEvent->getEventTime());
     EXPECT_EQ(pointerCount, motionEvent->getPointerCount());
@@ -246,28 +248,24 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(pointerProperties[i].id, motionEvent->getPointerId(i));
         EXPECT_EQ(pointerProperties[i].toolType, motionEvent->getToolType(i));
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
-                motionEvent->getRawX(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
-                motionEvent->getRawY(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X) * xScale + xOffset,
-                  motionEvent->getX(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y) * yScale + yOffset,
-                  motionEvent->getY(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE),
-                motionEvent->getPressure(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
-                motionEvent->getSize(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR),
-                motionEvent->getTouchMajor(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR),
-                motionEvent->getTouchMinor(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR),
-                motionEvent->getToolMajor(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR),
-                motionEvent->getToolMinor(i));
-        EXPECT_EQ(pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION),
-                motionEvent->getOrientation(i));
+        const auto& pc = pointerCoords[i];
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getX() * rawXScale + rawXOffset, motionEvent->getRawX(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getY() * rawYScale + rawYOffset, motionEvent->getRawY(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getX() * xScale + xOffset, motionEvent->getX(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getY() * yScale + yOffset, motionEvent->getY(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE), motionEvent->getPressure(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE), motionEvent->getSize(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR), motionEvent->getTouchMajor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR), motionEvent->getTouchMinor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR), motionEvent->getToolMajor(i));
+        EXPECT_EQ(pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR), motionEvent->getToolMinor(i));
+
+        // Calculate the orientation after scaling, keeping in mind that an orientation of 0 is
+        // "up", and the positive y direction is "down".
+        const float unscaledOrientation = pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION);
+        const float x = sinf(unscaledOrientation) * xScale;
+        const float y = -cosf(unscaledOrientation) * yScale;
+        EXPECT_EQ(atan2f(x, -y), motionEvent->getOrientation(i));
     }
 
     status = mConsumer->sendFinishedSignal(seq, false);
@@ -292,10 +290,9 @@
     constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
     int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
     constexpr bool hasFocus = true;
-    constexpr bool inTouchMode = true;
     const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
 
-    status = mPublisher->publishFocusEvent(seq, eventId, hasFocus, inTouchMode);
+    status = mPublisher->publishFocusEvent(seq, eventId, hasFocus);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishFocusEvent should return OK";
 
     uint32_t consumeSeq;
@@ -311,7 +308,6 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(seq, consumeSeq);
     EXPECT_EQ(eventId, focusEvent->getId());
     EXPECT_EQ(hasFocus, focusEvent->getHasFocus());
-    EXPECT_EQ(inTouchMode, focusEvent->getInTouchMode());
 
     status = mConsumer->sendFinishedSignal(seq, true);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "consumer sendFinishedSignal should return OK";
@@ -413,6 +409,46 @@
             << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
 }
 
+void InputPublisherAndConsumerTest::PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent() {
+    status_t status;
+
+    constexpr uint32_t seq = 15;
+    int32_t eventId = InputEvent::nextId();
+    constexpr bool touchModeEnabled = true;
+    const nsecs_t publishTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+
+    status = mPublisher->publishTouchModeEvent(seq, eventId, touchModeEnabled);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "publisher publishTouchModeEvent should return OK";
+
+    uint32_t consumeSeq;
+    InputEvent* event;
+    status = mConsumer->consume(&mEventFactory, true /*consumeBatches*/, -1, &consumeSeq, &event);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "consumer consume should return OK";
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(event != nullptr) << "consumer should have returned non-NULL event";
+    ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE, event->getType())
+            << "consumer should have returned a touch mode event";
+
+    const TouchModeEvent& touchModeEvent = static_cast<const TouchModeEvent&>(*event);
+    EXPECT_EQ(seq, consumeSeq);
+    EXPECT_EQ(eventId, touchModeEvent.getId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(touchModeEnabled, touchModeEvent.isInTouchMode());
+
+    status = mConsumer->sendFinishedSignal(seq, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status) << "consumer sendFinishedSignal should return OK";
+
+    Result<InputPublisher::ConsumerResponse> result = mPublisher->receiveConsumerResponse();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok()) << "receiveConsumerResponse should return OK";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<InputPublisher::Finished>(*result));
+    const InputPublisher::Finished& finish = std::get<InputPublisher::Finished>(*result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(seq, finish.seq)
+            << "receiveConsumerResponse should have returned the original sequence number";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(finish.handled)
+            << "receiveConsumerResponse should have set handled to consumer's reply";
+    ASSERT_GE(finish.consumeTime, publishTime)
+            << "finished signal's consume time should be greater than publish time";
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, SendTimeline) {
     const int32_t inputEventId = 20;
     std::array<nsecs_t, GraphicsTimeline::SIZE> graphicsTimeline;
@@ -449,6 +485,10 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeDragEvent());
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishTouchModeEvent_EndToEnd) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputPublisherAndConsumerTest, PublishMotionEvent_WhenSequenceNumberIsZero_ReturnsError) {
     status_t status;
     const size_t pointerCount = 1;
@@ -460,12 +500,12 @@
     }
 
     ui::Transform identityTransform;
-    status = mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(0, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
-                                            0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
-                                            0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                                            AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                                            ui::Transform::ROT_0, 0, 0, 0, 0, pointerCount,
-                                            pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(0, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status)
             << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
 }
@@ -477,12 +517,12 @@
     PointerCoords pointerCoords[pointerCount];
 
     ui::Transform identityTransform;
-    status = mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
-                                            0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
-                                            0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                                            AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                                            ui::Transform::ROT_0, 0, 0, 0, 0, pointerCount,
-                                            pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status)
             << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
 }
@@ -499,12 +539,12 @@
     }
 
     ui::Transform identityTransform;
-    status = mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
-                                            0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
-                                            0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                                            AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                                            ui::Transform::ROT_0, 0, 0, 0, 0, pointerCount,
-                                            pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
+    status =
+            mPublisher->publishMotionEvent(1, InputEvent::nextId(), 0, 0, 0, INVALID_HMAC, 0, 0, 0,
+                                           0, 0, 0, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform,
+                                           0, 0, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status)
             << "publisher publishMotionEvent should return BAD_VALUE";
 }
@@ -520,6 +560,7 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeDragEvent());
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeMotionEvent());
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeKeyEvent());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PublishAndConsumeTouchModeEvent());
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp
index 59fed1f..b6a9476 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/StructLayout_test.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Key, downTime, 88);
 
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, eventId, 0);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, empty1, 4);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, pointerCount, 4);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, eventTime, 8);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, deviceId, 16);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, source, 20);
@@ -74,16 +74,17 @@
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, yPrecision, 124);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, xCursorPosition, 128);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, yCursorPosition, 132);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, displayOrientation, 136);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, displayWidth, 140);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, displayHeight, 144);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, pointerCount, 148);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, pointers, 152);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, dsdxRaw, 136);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, dtdxRaw, 140);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, dtdyRaw, 144);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, dsdyRaw, 148);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, txRaw, 152);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, tyRaw, 156);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Motion, pointers, 160);
 
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Focus, eventId, 0);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Focus, hasFocus, 4);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Focus, inTouchMode, 5);
-  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Focus, empty, 6);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Focus, empty, 5);
 
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Capture, eventId, 0);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Capture, pointerCaptureEnabled, 4);
@@ -102,6 +103,10 @@
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Timeline, eventId, 0);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Timeline, empty, 4);
   CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::Timeline, graphicsTimeline, 8);
+
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::TouchMode, eventId, 0);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::TouchMode, isInTouchMode, 4);
+  CHECK_OFFSET(InputMessage::Body::TouchMode, empty, 5);
 }
 
 void TestHeaderSize() {
@@ -123,6 +128,7 @@
     static_assert(sizeof(InputMessage::Body::Focus) == 8);
     static_assert(sizeof(InputMessage::Body::Capture) == 8);
     static_assert(sizeof(InputMessage::Body::Drag) == 16);
+    static_assert(sizeof(InputMessage::Body::TouchMode) == 8);
     // Timeline
     static_assert(GraphicsTimeline::SIZE == 2);
     static_assert(sizeof(InputMessage::Body::Timeline) == 24);
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
index 13e2b02..a87b187 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
@@ -184,8 +184,7 @@
                          AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, AMETA_NONE, 0 /*buttonState*/,
                          MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform, 0 /*xPrecision*/,
                          0 /*yPrecision*/, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                         AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                         INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, 0 /*downTime*/,
+                         AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, 0 /*downTime*/,
                          entry.eventTime.count(), pointerCount, properties, coords);
 
         events.emplace_back(event);
@@ -344,7 +343,7 @@
         { 235089162955851ns, {{560.66, 843.82}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
     computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
-                            872.794617);
+                            764.345703);
     computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
                             951.698181);
     computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/VerifiedInputEvent_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/VerifiedInputEvent_test.cpp
index b29c9a4..f2b59ea 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/VerifiedInputEvent_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/VerifiedInputEvent_test.cpp
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@
 
     ui::Transform transform;
     transform.set({2, 0, 4, 0, 3, 5, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform identity;
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), 0 /*deviceId*/, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
                      INVALID_HMAC, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0 /*actionButton*/, flags,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, AMETA_NONE, 0 /*buttonState*/,
                      MotionClassification::NONE, transform, 0.1 /*xPrecision*/, 0.2 /*yPrecision*/,
-                     280 /*xCursorPosition*/, 540 /*yCursorPosition*/, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, 100 /*downTime*/,
+                     280 /*xCursorPosition*/, 540 /*yCursorPosition*/, identity, 100 /*downTime*/,
                      200 /*eventTime*/, pointerCount, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     return event;
 }
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
index 2dd6c4f..fc9680b 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 struct FrameCallback {
     AChoreographer_frameCallback callback;
     AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback64;
+    AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback extendedCallback;
     void* data;
     nsecs_t dueTime;
 
@@ -95,6 +96,20 @@
 
 class Choreographer;
 
+/**
+ * Implementation of AChoreographerFrameCallbackData.
+ */
+struct ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl {
+    int64_t frameTimeNanos{0};
+
+    std::array<VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline, DisplayEventReceiver::kFrameTimelinesLength>
+            frameTimelines;
+
+    size_t preferredFrameTimelineIndex;
+
+    const Choreographer* choreographer;
+};
+
 struct {
     std::mutex lock;
     std::vector<Choreographer*> ptrs GUARDED_BY(lock);
@@ -107,7 +122,9 @@
 public:
     explicit Choreographer(const sp<Looper>& looper) EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
     void postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
-                                  AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64, void* data, nsecs_t delay);
+                                  AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
+                                  AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback extendedCallback, void* data,
+                                  nsecs_t delay);
     void registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data)
             EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
     void unregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback cb, void* data);
@@ -127,9 +144,8 @@
 
     static Choreographer* getForThread();
     virtual ~Choreographer() override EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock);
-    int64_t getVsyncId() const;
-    int64_t getFrameDeadline() const;
     int64_t getFrameInterval() const;
+    bool inCallback() const;
 
 private:
     Choreographer(const Choreographer&) = delete;
@@ -145,6 +161,8 @@
 
     void scheduleCallbacks();
 
+    ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl createFrameCallbackData(nsecs_t timestamp) const;
+
     std::mutex mLock;
     // Protected by mLock
     std::priority_queue<FrameCallback> mFrameCallbacks;
@@ -152,6 +170,7 @@
 
     nsecs_t mLatestVsyncPeriod = -1;
     VsyncEventData mLastVsyncEventData;
+    bool mInCallback = false;
 
     const sp<Looper> mLooper;
     const std::thread::id mThreadId;
@@ -192,6 +211,7 @@
     // Only poke DisplayManagerGlobal to unregister if we previously registered
     // callbacks.
     if (gChoreographers.ptrs.empty() && gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager) {
+        gChoreographers.registeredToDisplayManager = false;
         JNIEnv* env = getJniEnv();
         if (env == nullptr) {
             ALOGW("JNI environment is unavailable, skipping choreographer cleanup");
@@ -210,10 +230,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Choreographer::postFrameCallbackDelayed(
-        AChoreographer_frameCallback cb, AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64, void* data, nsecs_t delay) {
+void Choreographer::postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer_frameCallback cb,
+                                             AChoreographer_frameCallback64 cb64,
+                                             AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback extendedCallback,
+                                             void* data, nsecs_t delay) {
     nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-    FrameCallback callback{cb, cb64, data, now + delay};
+    FrameCallback callback{cb, cb64, extendedCallback, data, now + delay};
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _l{mLock};
         mFrameCallbacks.push(callback);
@@ -305,8 +327,9 @@
         // Fortunately, these events are small so sending packets across the
         // socket should be atomic across processes.
         DisplayEventReceiver::Event event;
-        event.header = DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Header{DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_NULL,
-                                                           PhysicalDisplayId(0), systemTime()};
+        event.header =
+                DisplayEventReceiver::Event::Header{DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_NULL,
+                                                    PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0), systemTime()};
         injectEvent(event);
     }
 }
@@ -368,7 +391,15 @@
     }
     mLastVsyncEventData = vsyncEventData;
     for (const auto& cb : callbacks) {
-        if (cb.callback64 != nullptr) {
+        if (cb.extendedCallback != nullptr) {
+            const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl frameCallbackData =
+                    createFrameCallbackData(timestamp);
+            mInCallback = true;
+            cb.extendedCallback(reinterpret_cast<const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData*>(
+                                        &frameCallbackData),
+                                cb.data);
+            mInCallback = false;
+        } else if (cb.callback64 != nullptr) {
             cb.callback64(timestamp, cb.data);
         } else if (cb.callback != nullptr) {
             cb.callback(timestamp, cb.data);
@@ -377,8 +408,8 @@
 }
 
 void Choreographer::dispatchHotplug(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) {
-    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received hotplug event (displayId=%s, connected=%s), ignoring.",
-            this, to_string(displayId).c_str(), toString(connected));
+    ALOGV("choreographer %p ~ received hotplug event (displayId=%s, connected=%s), ignoring.", this,
+          to_string(displayId).c_str(), toString(connected));
 }
 
 void Choreographer::dispatchModeChanged(nsecs_t, PhysicalDisplayId, int32_t, nsecs_t) {
@@ -397,30 +428,33 @@
 
 void Choreographer::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
     switch (message.what) {
-    case MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS:
-        scheduleCallbacks();
-        break;
-    case MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC:
-        scheduleVsync();
-        break;
-    case MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES:
-        handleRefreshRateUpdates();
-        break;
+        case MSG_SCHEDULE_CALLBACKS:
+            scheduleCallbacks();
+            break;
+        case MSG_SCHEDULE_VSYNC:
+            scheduleVsync();
+            break;
+        case MSG_HANDLE_REFRESH_RATE_UPDATES:
+            handleRefreshRateUpdates();
+            break;
     }
 }
 
-int64_t Choreographer::getVsyncId() const {
-    return mLastVsyncEventData.id;
-}
-
-int64_t Choreographer::getFrameDeadline() const {
-    return mLastVsyncEventData.deadlineTimestamp;
-}
-
 int64_t Choreographer::getFrameInterval() const {
     return mLastVsyncEventData.frameInterval;
 }
 
+bool Choreographer::inCallback() const {
+    return mInCallback;
+}
+
+ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl Choreographer::createFrameCallbackData(nsecs_t timestamp) const {
+    return {.frameTimeNanos = timestamp,
+            .preferredFrameTimelineIndex = mLastVsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex,
+            .frameTimelines = mLastVsyncEventData.frameTimelines,
+            .choreographer = this};
+}
+
 } // namespace android
 using namespace android;
 
@@ -433,6 +467,12 @@
     return reinterpret_cast<const Choreographer*>(choreographer);
 }
 
+static inline const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl*
+AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl*>(data);
+}
+
 // Glue for private C api
 namespace android {
 void AChoreographer_signalRefreshRateCallbacks(nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) EXCLUDES(gChoreographers.lock) {
@@ -485,6 +525,11 @@
                                                     void* data, uint32_t delayMillis) {
     return AChoreographer_postFrameCallbackDelayed64(choreographer, callback, data, delayMillis);
 }
+void AChoreographer_routePostExtendedFrameCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
+                                                   AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback callback,
+                                                   void* data) {
+    return AChoreographer_postExtendedFrameCallback(choreographer, callback, data);
+}
 void AChoreographer_routeRegisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                                      AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback callback,
                                                      void* data) {
@@ -495,13 +540,29 @@
                                                        void* data) {
     return AChoreographer_unregisterRefreshRateCallback(choreographer, callback, data);
 }
-
-int64_t AChoreographer_getVsyncId(const AChoreographer* choreographer) {
-    return AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)->getVsyncId();
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimeNanos(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
+    return AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimeNanos(data);
 }
-
-int64_t AChoreographer_getFrameDeadline(const AChoreographer* choreographer) {
-    return AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)->getFrameDeadline();
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelinesLength(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
+    return AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelinesLength(data);
+}
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetPreferredFrameTimelineIndex(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
+    return AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getPreferredFrameTimelineIndex(data);
+}
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineVsyncId(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) {
+    return AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineVsyncId(data, index);
+}
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineExpectedPresentTime(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) {
+    return AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineExpectedPresentTime(data, index);
+}
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineDeadline(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) {
+    return AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineDeadline(data, index);
 }
 
 int64_t AChoreographer_getFrameInterval(const AChoreographer* choreographer) {
@@ -521,24 +582,32 @@
 }
 
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-        AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data) {
-    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)->postFrameCallbackDelayed(
-            callback, nullptr, data, 0);
+                                      AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data) {
+    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(callback, nullptr, nullptr, data, 0);
 }
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallbackDelayed(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-        AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data, long delayMillis) {
-    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)->postFrameCallbackDelayed(
-            callback, nullptr, data, ms2ns(delayMillis));
+                                             AChoreographer_frameCallback callback, void* data,
+                                             long delayMillis) {
+    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(callback, nullptr, nullptr, data, ms2ns(delayMillis));
+}
+void AChoreographer_postExtendedFrameCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
+                                              AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback callback,
+                                              void* data) {
+    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, nullptr, callback, data, 0);
 }
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallback64(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-        AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback, void* data) {
-    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)->postFrameCallbackDelayed(
-            nullptr, callback, data, 0);
+                                        AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback, void* data) {
+    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, callback, nullptr, data, 0);
 }
 void AChoreographer_postFrameCallbackDelayed64(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-        AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback, void* data, uint32_t delayMillis) {
-    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)->postFrameCallbackDelayed(
-            nullptr, callback, data, ms2ns(delayMillis));
+                                               AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback, void* data,
+                                               uint32_t delayMillis) {
+    AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)
+            ->postFrameCallbackDelayed(nullptr, callback, nullptr, data, ms2ns(delayMillis));
 }
 void AChoreographer_registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                                 AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback callback,
@@ -551,6 +620,58 @@
     AChoreographer_to_Choreographer(choreographer)->unregisterRefreshRateCallback(callback, data);
 }
 
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimeNanos(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
+    const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl* frameCallbackData =
+            AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
+                        "Data is only valid in callback");
+    return frameCallbackData->frameTimeNanos;
+}
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelinesLength(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
+    const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl* frameCallbackData =
+            AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
+                        "Data is only valid in callback");
+    return frameCallbackData->frameTimelines.size();
+}
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getPreferredFrameTimelineIndex(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
+    const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl* frameCallbackData =
+            AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
+                        "Data is only valid in callback");
+    return frameCallbackData->preferredFrameTimelineIndex;
+}
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineVsyncId(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) {
+    const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl* frameCallbackData =
+            AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
+                        "Data is only valid in callback");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= frameCallbackData->frameTimelines.size(), "Index out of bounds");
+    return frameCallbackData->frameTimelines[index].id;
+}
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineExpectedPresentTime(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) {
+    const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl* frameCallbackData =
+            AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
+                        "Data is only valid in callback");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= frameCallbackData->frameTimelines.size(), "Index out of bounds");
+    return frameCallbackData->frameTimelines[index].expectedPresentTime;
+}
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineDeadline(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index) {
+    const ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl* frameCallbackData =
+            AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
+                        "Data is only valid in callback");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= frameCallbackData->frameTimelines.size(), "Index out of bounds");
+    return frameCallbackData->frameTimelines[index].deadlineTimestamp;
+}
+
 AChoreographer* AChoreographer_create() {
     Choreographer* choreographer = new Choreographer(nullptr);
     status_t result = choreographer->initialize();
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/include-private/private/android/choreographer.h b/libs/nativedisplay/include-private/private/android/choreographer.h
index 7d25ce8..4aa7e69 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/include-private/private/android/choreographer.h
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/include-private/private/android/choreographer.h
@@ -29,19 +29,6 @@
 // for consumption by callbacks.
 void AChoreographer_signalRefreshRateCallbacks(int64_t vsyncPeriod);
 
-// Returns the vsync id of the last frame callback. Client are expected to call
-// this function from their frame callback function to get the vsyncId and pass
-// it together with a buffer or transaction to the Surface Composer. Calling
-// this function from anywhere else will return an undefined value.
-int64_t AChoreographer_getVsyncId(const AChoreographer* choreographer);
-
-// Returns the deadline timestamp (in CLOCK_MONOTONIC) of the last frame callback.
-// Client are expected to call this function from their frame callback function
-// to get the deadline and use it to know whether a frame is likely to miss
-// presentation. Calling this function from anywhere else will return an undefined
-// value.
-int64_t AChoreographer_getFrameDeadline(const AChoreographer* choreographer);
-
 // Returns the current interval in ns between frames.
 // Client are expected to call this function from their frame callback function.
 // Calling this function from anywhere else will return an undefined value.
@@ -63,11 +50,26 @@
 void AChoreographer_routePostFrameCallbackDelayed64(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                                     AChoreographer_frameCallback64 callback,
                                                     void* data, uint32_t delayMillis);
+void AChoreographer_routePostExtendedFrameCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
+                                                   AChoreographer_extendedFrameCallback callback,
+                                                   void* data);
 void AChoreographer_routeRegisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                                      AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback callback,
                                                      void* data);
 void AChoreographer_routeUnregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
                                                        AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback callback,
                                                        void* data);
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimeNanos(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data);
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelinesLength(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data);
+size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetPreferredFrameTimelineIndex(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data);
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineVsyncId(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index);
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineExpectedPresentTime(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index);
+int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineDeadline(
+        const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data, size_t index);
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.h b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.h
index 35ae3d2..6fd4b8f 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.h
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.h
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
     typedef status_t (*SurfaceTexture_fenceWait)(int fence, void* fencePassThroughHandle);
 
     sp<GraphicBuffer> dequeueBuffer(int* outSlotid, android_dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                    bool* outQueueEmpty, SurfaceTexture& cb,
+                                    HdrMetadata* outHdrMetadata, bool* outQueueEmpty,
+                                    SurfaceTexture& cb,
                                     SurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
                                     SurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait,
                                     void* fencePassThroughHandle);
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h
index 6eaa84e..0f119f3 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.h
@@ -272,10 +272,11 @@
     status_t attachToContext(uint32_t tex);
 
     sp<GraphicBuffer> dequeueBuffer(int* outSlotid, android_dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                    float* outTransformMatrix, bool* outQueueEmpty,
+                                    HdrMetadata* outHdrMetadata, float* outTransformMatrix,
+                                    uint32_t* outTransform, bool* outQueueEmpty,
                                     SurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
                                     SurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait,
-                                    void* fencePassThroughHandle);
+                                    void* fencePassThroughHandle, ARect* currentCrop);
 
     /**
      * takeConsumerOwnership attaches a SurfaceTexture that is currently in the
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/surface_texture_platform.h b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/surface_texture_platform.h
index 85fe42f..2987f3a 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/surface_texture_platform.h
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/include/surfacetexture/surface_texture_platform.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
+#include <android/hdr_metadata.h>
 #include <jni.h>
 #include <system/graphics.h>
 
@@ -82,12 +83,12 @@
  * The caller gets ownership of the buffer and need to release it with
  * AHardwareBuffer_release.
  */
-AHardwareBuffer* ASurfaceTexture_dequeueBuffer(ASurfaceTexture* st, int* outSlotid,
-                                               android_dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                               float* outTransformMatrix, bool* outNewContent,
-                                               ASurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
-                                               ASurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait,
-                                               void* fencePassThroughHandle);
+AHardwareBuffer* ASurfaceTexture_dequeueBuffer(
+        ASurfaceTexture* st, int* outSlotid, android_dataspace* outDataspace,
+        AHdrMetadataType* outHdrType, android_cta861_3_metadata* outCta861_3,
+        android_smpte2086_metadata* outSmpte2086, float* outTransformMatrix, uint32_t* outTransform,
+        bool* outNewContent, ASurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
+        ASurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait, void* fencePassThroughHandle, ARect* currentCrop);
 
 } // namespace android
 
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/libnativedisplay.map.txt b/libs/nativedisplay/libnativedisplay.map.txt
index 9ed4915..4dbfde8 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/libnativedisplay.map.txt
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/libnativedisplay.map.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@
     AChoreographer_postFrameCallbackDelayed64; # apex # introduced=30
     AChoreographer_registerRefreshRateCallback; # apex # introduced=30
     AChoreographer_unregisterRefreshRateCallback; # apex # introduced=30
+    AChoreographer_postExtendedFrameCallback; # apex # introduced=33
+    AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimeNanos; # apex # introduced=33
+    AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelinesLength; # apex # introduced=33
+    AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getPreferredFrameTimelineIndex; # apex # introduced=33
+    AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineVsyncId; # apex # introduced=33
+    AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineExpectedPresentTime; # apex # introduced=33
+    AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineDeadline; # apex # introduced=33
     AChoreographer_create; # apex # introduced=30
     AChoreographer_destroy; # apex # introduced=30
     AChoreographer_getFd; # apex # introduced=30
@@ -28,9 +35,14 @@
       android::AChoreographer_routePostFrameCallbackDelayed64*;
       android::AChoreographer_routeRegisterRefreshRateCallback*;
       android::AChoreographer_routeUnregisterRefreshRateCallback*;
+      android::AChoreographer_routePostExtendedFrameCallback*;
+      android::AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimeNanos*;
+      android::AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelinesLength*;
+      android::AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetPreferredFrameTimelineIndex*;
+      android::AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineVsyncId*;
+      android::AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineExpectedPresentTime*;
+      android::AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_routeGetFrameTimelineDeadline*;
       android::AChoreographer_signalRefreshRateCallbacks*;
-      android::AChoreographer_getVsyncId*;
-      android::AChoreographer_getFrameDeadline*;
       android::AChoreographer_getFrameInterval*;
       android::ADisplay_acquirePhysicalDisplays*;
       android::ADisplay_release*;
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.cpp
index 365e788..cf16739 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/ImageConsumer.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
 }
 
 sp<GraphicBuffer> ImageConsumer::dequeueBuffer(int* outSlotid, android_dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                               bool* outQueueEmpty, SurfaceTexture& st,
+                                               HdrMetadata* outHdrMetadata, bool* outQueueEmpty,
+                                               SurfaceTexture& st,
                                                SurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
                                                SurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait,
                                                void* fencePassThroughHandle) {
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@
     st.computeCurrentTransformMatrixLocked();
 
     *outDataspace = item.mDataSpace;
+    *outHdrMetadata = item.mHdrMetadata;
     *outSlotid = slot;
     return st.mSlots[slot].mGraphicBuffer;
 }
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp
index 62db6d0..d3d4cba 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/SurfaceTexture.cpp
@@ -464,10 +464,12 @@
 }
 
 sp<GraphicBuffer> SurfaceTexture::dequeueBuffer(int* outSlotid, android_dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                                float* outTransformMatrix, bool* outQueueEmpty,
+                                                HdrMetadata* outHdrMetadata,
+                                                float* outTransformMatrix, uint32_t* outTransform,
+                                                bool* outQueueEmpty,
                                                 SurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
                                                 SurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait,
-                                                void* fencePassThroughHandle) {
+                                                void* fencePassThroughHandle, ARect* currentCrop) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mMutex);
     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
 
@@ -481,9 +483,11 @@
         return buffer;
     }
 
-    buffer = mImageConsumer.dequeueBuffer(outSlotid, outDataspace, outQueueEmpty, *this,
-                                          createFence, fenceWait, fencePassThroughHandle);
+    buffer = mImageConsumer.dequeueBuffer(outSlotid, outDataspace, outHdrMetadata, outQueueEmpty,
+                                          *this, createFence, fenceWait, fencePassThroughHandle);
     memcpy(outTransformMatrix, mCurrentTransformMatrix, sizeof(mCurrentTransformMatrix));
+    *outTransform = mCurrentTransform;
+    *currentCrop = mCurrentCrop;
     return buffer;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/surface_texture.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/surface_texture.cpp
index c214ab7..39a925f 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/surface_texture.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/surfacetexture/surface_texture.cpp
@@ -192,17 +192,23 @@
     texture->consumer->releaseConsumerOwnership();
 }
 
-AHardwareBuffer* ASurfaceTexture_dequeueBuffer(ASurfaceTexture* st, int* outSlotid,
-                                               android_dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                               float* outTransformMatrix, bool* outNewContent,
-                                               ASurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
-                                               ASurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait, void* handle) {
+AHardwareBuffer* ASurfaceTexture_dequeueBuffer(
+        ASurfaceTexture* st, int* outSlotid, android_dataspace* outDataspace,
+        AHdrMetadataType* outHdrType, android_cta861_3_metadata* outCta861_3,
+        android_smpte2086_metadata* outSmpte2086, float* outTransformMatrix, uint32_t* outTransform,
+        bool* outNewContent, ASurfaceTexture_createReleaseFence createFence,
+        ASurfaceTexture_fenceWait fenceWait, void* handle, ARect* currentCrop) {
     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer;
     *outNewContent = false;
     bool queueEmpty;
     do {
-        buffer = st->consumer->dequeueBuffer(outSlotid, outDataspace, outTransformMatrix,
-                                             &queueEmpty, createFence, fenceWait, handle);
+        HdrMetadata metadata;
+        buffer = st->consumer->dequeueBuffer(outSlotid, outDataspace, &metadata, outTransformMatrix,
+                                             outTransform, &queueEmpty, createFence, fenceWait,
+                                             handle, currentCrop);
+        *outHdrType = static_cast<AHdrMetadataType>(metadata.validTypes);
+        *outCta861_3 = metadata.cta8613;
+        *outSmpte2086 = metadata.smpte2086;
         if (!queueEmpty) {
             *outNewContent = true;
         }
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp b/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp
index e2f32e3..cb3361b 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <private/android/AHardwareBufferHelpers.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/common/1.1/types.h>
-
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
 
 static constexpr int kFdBufferSize = 128 * sizeof(int);  // 128 ints
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
     if (!AHardwareBuffer_isValidDescription(desc, /*log=*/false)) return 0;
 
     bool supported = false;
-    GraphicBuffer* gBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuffer(new GraphicBuffer());
     status_t err = gBuffer->isSupported(desc->width, desc->height, desc->format, desc->layers,
                                         desc->usage, &supported);
 
@@ -588,8 +588,12 @@
             "HAL and AHardwareBuffer pixel format don't match");
     static_assert(HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_I == AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_I,
             "HAL and AHardwareBuffer pixel format don't match");
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat::R_8) ==
+                          AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8_UNORM,
+            "HAL and AHardwareBuffer pixel format don't match");
 
     switch (format) {
+        case AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
         case AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
         case AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM:
         case AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM:
@@ -641,6 +645,8 @@
 
 uint32_t AHardwareBuffer_bytesPerPixel(uint32_t format) {
   switch (format) {
+      case AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
+          return 1;
       case AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM:
       case AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_D16_UNORM:
           return 2;
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp b/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp
index 75f2385..c447d31 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/ANativeWindow.cpp
@@ -133,16 +133,49 @@
 
 int32_t ANativeWindow_setBuffersDataSpace(ANativeWindow* window, int32_t dataSpace) {
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_UNKNOWN) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN));
-    static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_SCRGB_LINEAR) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SCRGB_LINEAR));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_MASK) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_BT709) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_BT601_625) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_BT601_525) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_BT470M) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_FILM) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_DCI_P3) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_MASK) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_LINEAR) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_ST2084) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(TRANSFER_HLG) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(RANGE_MASK) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_MASK));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(RANGE_UNSPECIFIED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_UNSPECIFIED));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(RANGE_FULL) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(RANGE_LIMITED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_LIMITED));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(RANGE_EXTENDED) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_EXTENDED));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_SRGB) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_SCRGB) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SCRGB));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_DISPLAY_P3) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_DISPLAY_P3));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT2020_PQ) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_PQ));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT2020_ITU_PQ) ==
+        static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_ITU_PQ));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_ADOBE_RGB) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_ADOBE_RGB));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_JFIF) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_JFIF));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT601_625) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_625));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT601_525) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_525));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT2020) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT709) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT709));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_DCI_P3) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_DCI_P3));
     static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_SRGB_LINEAR) == static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB_LINEAR));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT2020_HLG) ==
+        static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_HLG));
+    static_assert(static_cast<int>(ADATASPACE_BT2020_ITU_HLG) ==
+        static_cast<int>(HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_ITU_HLG));
 
     if (!window || !query(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_IS_VALID) ||
             !isDataSpaceValid(window, dataSpace)) {
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h
index e759513..30ac220 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/data_space.h
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@
  */
 
 /**
+ * @defgroup ADataSpace Data Space
+ *
+ * ADataSpace describes how to interpret colors.
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
  * @file data_space.h
  */
 
@@ -43,6 +50,340 @@
     ADATASPACE_UNKNOWN = 0,
 
     /**
+     * Color-description aspects
+     *
+     * The following aspects define various characteristics of the color
+     * specification. These represent bitfields, so that a data space value
+     * can specify each of them independently.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Standard aspect
+     *
+     * Defines the chromaticity coordinates of the source primaries in terms of
+     * the CIE 1931 definition of x and y specified in ISO 11664-1.
+     */
+    STANDARD_MASK = 63 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Chromacity coordinates are unknown or are determined by the application.
+     * Implementations shall use the following suggested standards:
+     *
+     * All YCbCr formats: BT709 if size is 720p or larger (since most video
+     *                    content is letterboxed this corresponds to width is
+     *                    1280 or greater, or height is 720 or greater).
+     *                    BT601_625 if size is smaller than 720p or is JPEG.
+     * All RGB formats:   BT709.
+     *
+     * For all other formats standard is undefined, and implementations should use
+     * an appropriate standard for the data represented.
+     */
+    STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.300   0.600
+     *  blue            0.150   0.060
+     *  red             0.640   0.330
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     *
+     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2126, KB = 0.0722 luminance interpretation
+     * for RGB conversion.
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT709 = 1 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.290   0.600
+     *  blue            0.150   0.060
+     *  red             0.640   0.330
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     *
+     *  KR = 0.299, KB = 0.114. This adjusts the luminance interpretation
+     *  for RGB conversion from the one purely determined by the primaries
+     *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
+     *  primaries.
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT601_625 = 2 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.290   0.600
+     *  blue            0.150   0.060
+     *  red             0.640   0.330
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     *
+     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.222, KB = 0.071 luminance interpretation
+     * for RGB conversion.
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED = 3 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.310   0.595
+     *  blue            0.155   0.070
+     *  red             0.630   0.340
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     *
+     *  KR = 0.299, KB = 0.114. This adjusts the luminance interpretation
+     *  for RGB conversion from the one purely determined by the primaries
+     *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
+     *  primaries.
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT601_525 = 4 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.310   0.595
+     *  blue            0.155   0.070
+     *  red             0.630   0.340
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     *
+     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.212, KB = 0.087 luminance interpretation
+     * for RGB conversion (as in SMPTE 240M).
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED = 5 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.170   0.797
+     *  blue            0.131   0.046
+     *  red             0.708   0.292
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     *
+     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2627, KB = 0.0593 luminance interpretation
+     * for RGB conversion.
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT2020 = 6 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.170   0.797
+     *  blue            0.131   0.046
+     *  red             0.708   0.292
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     *
+     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2627, KB = 0.0593 luminance interpretation
+     * for RGB conversion using the linear domain.
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE = 7 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x      y
+     *  green           0.21   0.71
+     *  blue            0.14   0.08
+     *  red             0.67   0.33
+     *  white (C)       0.310  0.316
+     *
+     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.30, KB = 0.11 luminance interpretation
+     * for RGB conversion.
+     */
+    STANDARD_BT470M = 8 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.243   0.692
+     *  blue            0.145   0.049
+     *  red             0.681   0.319
+     *  white (C)       0.310   0.316
+     *
+     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.254, KB = 0.068 luminance interpretation
+     * for RGB conversion.
+     */
+    STANDARD_FILM = 9 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * SMPTE EG 432-1 and SMPTE RP 431-2. (DCI-P3)
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.265   0.690
+     *  blue            0.150   0.060
+     *  red             0.680   0.320
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     */
+    STANDARD_DCI_P3 = 10 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Adobe RGB
+     * Primaries:       x       y
+     *  green           0.210   0.710
+     *  blue            0.150   0.060
+     *  red             0.640   0.330
+     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+     */
+    STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB = 11 << 16,
+
+    /**
+     * Transfer aspect
+     *
+     * Transfer characteristics are the opto-electronic transfer characteristic
+     * at the source as a function of linear optical intensity (luminance).
+     *
+     * For digital signals, E corresponds to the recorded value. Normally, the
+     * transfer function is applied in RGB space to each of the R, G and B
+     * components independently. This may result in color shift that can be
+     * minized by applying the transfer function in Lab space only for the L
+     * component. Implementation may apply the transfer function in RGB space
+     * for all pixel formats if desired.
+     */
+    TRANSFER_MASK = 31 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * Transfer characteristics are unknown or are determined by the
+     * application.
+     *
+     * Implementations should use the following transfer functions:
+     *
+     * For YCbCr formats: use TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M
+     * For RGB formats: use TRANSFER_SRGB
+     *
+     * For all other formats transfer function is undefined, and implementations
+     * should use an appropriate standard for the data represented.
+     */
+    TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *  E = L
+     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
+     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_LINEAR = 1 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *
+     * E = 1.055 * L^(1/2.4) - 0.055  for 0.0031308 <= L <= 1
+     *   = 12.92 * L                  for 0 <= L < 0.0031308
+     *     L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
+     *     E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_SRGB = 2 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * BT.601 525, BT.601 625, BT.709, BT.2020
+     *
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *  E = 1.099 * L ^ 0.45 - 0.099  for 0.018 <= L <= 1
+     *    = 4.500 * L                 for 0 <= L < 0.018
+     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
+     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M = 3 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * Assumed display gamma 2.2.
+     *
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *  E = L ^ (1/2.2)
+     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
+     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2 = 4 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     *  display gamma 2.6.
+     *
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *  E = L ^ (1/2.6)
+     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
+     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6 = 5 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     *  display gamma 2.8.
+     *
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *  E = L ^ (1/2.8)
+     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
+     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8 = 6 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * SMPTE ST 2084 (Dolby Perceptual Quantizer)
+     *
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *  E = ((c1 + c2 * L^n) / (1 + c3 * L^n)) ^ m
+     *  c1 = c3 - c2 + 1 = 3424 / 4096 = 0.8359375
+     *  c2 = 32 * 2413 / 4096 = 18.8515625
+     *  c3 = 32 * 2392 / 4096 = 18.6875
+     *  m = 128 * 2523 / 4096 = 78.84375
+     *  n = 0.25 * 2610 / 4096 = 0.1593017578125
+     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for HDR colorimetry.
+     *          L = 1 corresponds to 10000 cd/m2
+     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_ST2084 = 7 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * ARIB STD-B67 Hybrid Log Gamma
+     *
+     * Transfer characteristic curve:
+     *  E = r * L^0.5                 for 0 <= L <= 1
+     *    = a * ln(L - b) + c         for 1 < L
+     *  a = 0.17883277
+     *  b = 0.28466892
+     *  c = 0.55991073
+     *  r = 0.5
+     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L for HDR colorimetry. L = 1 corresponds
+     *          to reference white level of 100 cd/m2
+     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
+     */
+    TRANSFER_HLG = 8 << 22,
+
+    /**
+     * Range aspect
+     *
+     * Defines the range of values corresponding to the unit range of 0-1.
+     * This is defined for YCbCr only, but can be expanded to RGB space.
+     */
+    RANGE_MASK = 7 << 27,
+
+    /**
+     * Range is unknown or are determined by the application.  Implementations
+     * shall use the following suggested ranges:
+     *
+     * All YCbCr formats: limited range.
+     * All RGB or RGBA formats (including RAW and Bayer): full range.
+     * All Y formats: full range
+     *
+     * For all other formats range is undefined, and implementations should use
+     * an appropriate range for the data represented.
+     */
+    RANGE_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << 27,
+
+    /**
+     * Full range uses all values for Y, Cb and Cr from
+     * 0 to 2^b-1, where b is the bit depth of the color format.
+     */
+    RANGE_FULL = 1 << 27,
+
+    /**
+     * Limited range uses values 16/256*2^b to 235/256*2^b for Y, and
+     * 1/16*2^b to 15/16*2^b for Cb, Cr, R, G and B, where b is the bit depth of
+     * the color format.
+     *
+     * E.g. For 8-bit-depth formats:
+     * Luma (Y) samples should range from 16 to 235, inclusive
+     * Chroma (Cb, Cr) samples should range from 16 to 240, inclusive
+     *
+     * For 10-bit-depth formats:
+     * Luma (Y) samples should range from 64 to 940, inclusive
+     * Chroma (Cb, Cr) samples should range from 64 to 960, inclusive
+     */
+    RANGE_LIMITED = 2 << 27,
+
+    /**
+     * Extended range is used for scRGB. Intended for use with
+     * floating point pixel formats. [0.0 - 1.0] is the standard
+     * sRGB space. Values outside the range 0.0 - 1.0 can encode
+     * color outside the sRGB gamut.
+     * Used to blend / merge multiple dataspaces on a single display.
+     */
+    RANGE_EXTENDED = 3 << 27,
+
+    /**
      * scRGB linear encoding:
      *
      * The red, green, and blue components are stored in extended sRGB space,
@@ -103,6 +444,15 @@
     ADATASPACE_BT2020_PQ = 163971072, // STANDARD_BT2020 | TRANSFER_ST2084 | RANGE_FULL
 
     /**
+     * ITU-R Recommendation 2020 (BT.2020)
+     *
+     * Ultra High-definition television
+     *
+     * Use limited range, SMPTE 2084 (PQ) transfer and BT2020 standard
+     */
+    ADATASPACE_BT2020_ITU_PQ = 298188800,  // STANDARD_BT2020 | TRANSFER_ST2084 | RANGE_LIMITED
+
+    /**
      * Adobe RGB
      *
      * Use full range, gamma 2.2 transfer and Adobe RGB primaries
@@ -112,6 +462,33 @@
     ADATASPACE_ADOBE_RGB = 151715840, // STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB | TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2 | RANGE_FULL
 
     /**
+     * JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF)
+     *
+     * Same model as BT.601-625, but all values (Y, Cb, Cr) range from 0 to 255
+     *
+     * Use full range, SMPTE 170M transfer and BT.601_625 standard.
+     */
+    ADATASPACE_JFIF = 146931712, // STANDARD_BT601_625 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M | RANGE_FULL
+
+    /**
+     * ITU-R Recommendation 601 (BT.601) - 525-line
+     *
+     * Standard-definition television, 525 Lines (NTSC)
+     *
+     * Use limited range, SMPTE 170M transfer and BT.601_525 standard.
+     */
+    ADATASPACE_BT601_625 = 281149440, // STANDARD_BT601_625 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M | RANGE_LIMITED
+
+    /**
+     * ITU-R Recommendation 709 (BT.709)
+     *
+     * High-definition television
+     *
+     * Use limited range, SMPTE 170M transfer and BT.709 standard.
+     */
+    ADATASPACE_BT601_525 = 281280512, // STANDARD_BT601_525 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M | RANGE_LIMITED
+
+    /**
      * ITU-R Recommendation 2020 (BT.2020)
      *
      * Ultra High-definition television
@@ -151,8 +528,24 @@
      * components.
      */
     ADATASPACE_SRGB_LINEAR = 138477568, // STANDARD_BT709 | TRANSFER_LINEAR | RANGE_FULL
+
+    /**
+     * Hybrid Log Gamma encoding:
+     *
+     * Use full range, hybrid log gamma transfer and BT2020 standard.
+     */
+    ADATASPACE_BT2020_HLG = 168165376, // STANDARD_BT2020 | TRANSFER_HLG | RANGE_FULL
+
+    /**
+     * ITU Hybrid Log Gamma encoding:
+     *
+     * Use limited range, hybrid log gamma transfer and BT2020 standard.
+     */
+    ADATASPACE_BT2020_ITU_HLG = 302383104 // STANDARD_BT2020 | TRANSFER_HLG | RANGE_LIMITED
 };
 
 __END_DECLS
 
 #endif // ANDROID_DATA_SPACE_H
+
+/** @} */
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h
index d93a84c..6f1f04d 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h
@@ -158,6 +158,13 @@
      * cube-maps or multi-layered textures.
      */
     AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_Y8Cb8Cr8_420             = 0x23,
+
+    /**
+     * Corresponding formats:
+     *   Vulkan: VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM
+     *   OpenGL ES: GR_GL_R8
+     */
+    AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8_UNORM                 = 0x38,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -556,6 +563,7 @@
                                    int32_t* _Nonnull outBytesPerPixel,
                                    int32_t* _Nonnull outBytesPerStride) __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
 
+
 /**
  * Get the system wide unique id for an AHardwareBuffer.
  *
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
index 7f01135..0bc2b5d 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h
@@ -1089,10 +1089,13 @@
 /**
  * Retrieves an identifier for the next frame to be queued by this window.
  *
- * \return the next frame id.
+ * Frame ids start at 1 and are incremented on each new frame until the underlying surface changes,
+ * in which case the frame id is reset to 1.
+ *
+ * \return the next frame id (0 being uninitialized).
  */
-static inline int64_t ANativeWindow_getNextFrameId(ANativeWindow* window) {
-    int64_t value;
+static inline uint64_t ANativeWindow_getNextFrameId(ANativeWindow* window) {
+    uint64_t value;
     window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_NEXT_FRAME_ID, &value);
     return value;
 }
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
index 570c7bc..07c5dd8 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@
         "libui",
         "libutils",
     ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libshaders",
+        "libtonemap",
+    ],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
@@ -94,8 +99,10 @@
         "skia/debug/SkiaCapture.cpp",
         "skia/debug/SkiaMemoryReporter.cpp",
         "skia/filters/BlurFilter.cpp",
+        "skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp",
+        "skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp",
         "skia/filters/LinearEffect.cpp",
-        "skia/filters/StretchShaderFactory.cpp"
+        "skia/filters/StretchShaderFactory.cpp",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
index 9e466b6..c7ad058 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
@@ -26,23 +26,7 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
 
-std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> RenderEngine::create(RenderEngineCreationArgs args) {
-    // Keep the ability to override by PROPERTIES:
-    char prop[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    property_get(PROPERTY_DEBUG_RENDERENGINE_BACKEND, prop, "");
-    if (strcmp(prop, "gles") == 0) {
-        args.renderEngineType = RenderEngineType::GLES;
-    }
-    if (strcmp(prop, "threaded") == 0) {
-        args.renderEngineType = RenderEngineType::THREADED;
-    }
-    if (strcmp(prop, "skiagl") == 0) {
-        args.renderEngineType = RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL;
-    }
-    if (strcmp(prop, "skiaglthreaded") == 0) {
-        args.renderEngineType = RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED;
-    }
-
+std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> RenderEngine::create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
     switch (args.renderEngineType) {
         case RenderEngineType::THREADED:
             ALOGD("Threaded RenderEngine with GLES Backend");
@@ -79,5 +63,16 @@
                         "output buffer not gpu writeable");
 }
 
+std::future<RenderEngineResult> RenderEngine::drawLayers(
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+        base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
+    const auto resultPromise = std::make_shared<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>();
+    std::future<RenderEngineResult> resultFuture = resultPromise->get_future();
+    drawLayersInternal(std::move(resultPromise), display, layers, buffer, useFramebufferCache,
+                       std::move(bufferFence));
+    return resultFuture;
+}
+
 } // namespace renderengine
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..471159f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "librenderengine_bench",
+    defaults: [
+        "skia_deps",
+        "surfaceflinger_defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "main.cpp",
+        "Codec.cpp",
+        "Flags.cpp",
+        "RenderEngineBench.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "librenderengine",
+        "libshaders",
+        "libtonemap",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-DLOG_TAG=\"RenderEngineBench\"",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libjnigraphics",
+        "libgui",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativewindow",
+        "libprocessgroup",
+        "libsync",
+        "libui",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+
+    data: ["resources/*"],
+}
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Codec.cpp b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Codec.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80e4fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Codec.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <RenderEngineBench.h>
+#include <android/bitmap.h>
+#include <android/data_space.h>
+#include <android/imagedecoder.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::renderengine;
+
+namespace {
+struct DecoderDeleter {
+    void operator()(AImageDecoder* decoder) { AImageDecoder_delete(decoder); }
+};
+
+using AutoDecoderDeleter = std::unique_ptr<AImageDecoder, DecoderDeleter>;
+
+bool ok(int aImageDecoderResult, const char* path, const char* method) {
+    if (aImageDecoderResult == ANDROID_IMAGE_DECODER_SUCCESS) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ALOGE("Failed AImageDecoder_%s on '%s' with error '%s'", method, path,
+          AImageDecoder_resultToString(aImageDecoderResult));
+    return false;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+namespace renderenginebench {
+
+void decode(const char* path, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) {
+    base::unique_fd fd{open(path, O_RDONLY)};
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to open %s", path);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    AImageDecoder* decoder{nullptr};
+    auto result = AImageDecoder_createFromFd(fd.get(), &decoder);
+    if (!ok(result, path, "createFromFd")) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    AutoDecoderDeleter deleter(decoder);
+
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(buffer->getWidth() <= 0 || buffer->getHeight() <= 0,
+                        "Impossible buffer size!");
+    auto width = static_cast<int32_t>(buffer->getWidth());
+    auto height = static_cast<int32_t>(buffer->getHeight());
+    result = AImageDecoder_setTargetSize(decoder, width, height);
+    if (!ok(result, path, "setTargetSize")) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    void* pixels{nullptr};
+    int32_t stride{0};
+    if (auto status = buffer->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN, &pixels,
+                                   nullptr /*outBytesPerPixel*/, &stride);
+        status < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to lock pixels!");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    result = AImageDecoder_decodeImage(decoder, pixels, static_cast<size_t>(stride),
+                                       static_cast<size_t>(stride * height));
+    if (auto status = buffer->unlock(); status < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to unlock pixels!");
+    }
+
+    // For the side effect of logging.
+    (void)ok(result, path, "decodeImage");
+}
+
+void encodeToJpeg(const char* path, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) {
+    base::unique_fd fd{open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IWUSR)};
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to open %s", path);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    void* pixels{nullptr};
+    int32_t stride{0};
+    if (auto status = buffer->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN, &pixels,
+                                   nullptr /*outBytesPerPixel*/, &stride);
+        status < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to lock pixels!");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    AndroidBitmapInfo info{
+            .width = buffer->getWidth(),
+            .height = buffer->getHeight(),
+            .stride = static_cast<uint32_t>(stride),
+            .format = ANDROID_BITMAP_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+            .flags = ANDROID_BITMAP_FLAGS_ALPHA_OPAQUE,
+    };
+    int result = AndroidBitmap_compress(&info, ADATASPACE_SRGB, pixels,
+                                        ANDROID_BITMAP_COMPRESS_FORMAT_JPEG, 80, &fd,
+                                        [](void* fdPtr, const void* data, size_t size) -> bool {
+                                            const ssize_t bytesWritten =
+                                                    write(reinterpret_cast<base::unique_fd*>(fdPtr)
+                                                                  ->get(),
+                                                          data, size);
+                                            return bytesWritten > 0 &&
+                                                    static_cast<size_t>(bytesWritten) == size;
+                                        });
+    if (result == ANDROID_BITMAP_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
+        ALOGD("Successfully encoded to '%s'", path);
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("Failed to encode to %s with error %d", path, result);
+    }
+
+    if (auto status = buffer->unlock(); status < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to unlock pixels!");
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace renderenginebench
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Flags.cpp b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Flags.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5d5156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/Flags.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace {
+bool gSave = false;
+}
+
+namespace renderenginebench {
+
+void parseFlagsForHelp(int argc, char** argv) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--help")) {
+            printf("RenderEngineBench-specific flags:\n");
+            printf("[--save]: Save the output to the device to confirm drawing result.\n");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void parseFlags(int argc, char** argv) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--save")) {
+            gSave = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool save() {
+    return gSave;
+}
+} // namespace renderenginebench
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.cpp b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c8f8e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <RenderEngineBench.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
+#include <renderengine/LayerSettings.h>
+#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::renderengine;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Helpers for Benchmark::Apply
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+std::string RenderEngineTypeName(RenderEngine::RenderEngineType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED:
+            return "skiaglthreaded";
+        case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL:
+            return "skiagl";
+        case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES:
+        case RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::THREADED:
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("GLESRenderEngine is deprecated - why time it?");
+            return "unused";
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Passed (indirectly - see RunSkiaGLThreaded) to Benchmark::Apply to create a
+ * Benchmark which specifies which RenderEngineType it uses.
+ *
+ * This simplifies calling ->Arg(type)->Arg(type) and provides strings to make
+ * it obvious which version is being run.
+ *
+ * @param b The benchmark family
+ * @param type The type of RenderEngine to use.
+ */
+static void AddRenderEngineType(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b,
+                                RenderEngine::RenderEngineType type) {
+    b->Arg(static_cast<int64_t>(type));
+    b->ArgName(RenderEngineTypeName(type));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run a benchmark once using SKIA_GL_THREADED.
+ */
+static void RunSkiaGLThreaded(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
+    AddRenderEngineType(b, RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Helpers for calling drawLayers
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> getDisplaySize() {
+    // These will be retrieved from a ui::Size, which stores int32_t, but they will be passed
+    // to GraphicBuffer, which wants uint32_t.
+    static uint32_t width, height;
+    std::once_flag once;
+    std::call_once(once, []() {
+        auto surfaceComposerClient = SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault();
+        auto displayToken = surfaceComposerClient->getInternalDisplayToken();
+        ui::DisplayMode displayMode;
+        if (surfaceComposerClient->getActiveDisplayMode(displayToken, &displayMode) < 0) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Failed to get active display mode!");
+        }
+        auto w = displayMode.resolution.width;
+        auto h = displayMode.resolution.height;
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(w <= 0 || h <= 0, "Invalid display size!");
+        width = static_cast<uint32_t>(w);
+        height = static_cast<uint32_t>(h);
+    });
+    return std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>(width, height);
+}
+
+// This value doesn't matter, as it's not read. TODO(b/199918329): Once we remove
+// GLESRenderEngine we can remove this, too.
+static constexpr const bool kUseFrameBufferCache = false;
+
+static std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> createRenderEngine(RenderEngine::RenderEngineType type) {
+    auto args = RenderEngineCreationArgs::Builder()
+                        .setPixelFormat(static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888))
+                        .setImageCacheSize(1)
+                        .setEnableProtectedContext(true)
+                        .setPrecacheToneMapperShaderOnly(false)
+                        .setSupportsBackgroundBlur(true)
+                        .setContextPriority(RenderEngine::ContextPriority::REALTIME)
+                        .setRenderEngineType(type)
+                        .setUseColorManagerment(true)
+                        .build();
+    return RenderEngine::create(args);
+}
+
+static std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture> allocateBuffer(RenderEngine& re, uint32_t width,
+                                                       uint32_t height,
+                                                       uint64_t extraUsageFlags = 0,
+                                                       std::string name = "output") {
+    return std::make_shared<ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(width, height,
+                                                               HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
+                                                               GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
+                                                                       GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE |
+                                                                       extraUsageFlags,
+                                                               std::move(name)),
+                                             re,
+                                             ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                     ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+}
+
+static std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture> copyBuffer(RenderEngine& re,
+                                                   std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture> original,
+                                                   uint64_t extraUsageFlags, std::string name) {
+    const uint32_t width = original->getBuffer()->getWidth();
+    const uint32_t height = original->getBuffer()->getHeight();
+    auto texture = allocateBuffer(re, width, height, extraUsageFlags, name);
+
+    const Rect displayRect(0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(width), static_cast<int32_t>(height));
+    DisplaySettings display{
+            .physicalDisplay = displayRect,
+            .clip = displayRect,
+            .maxLuminance = 500,
+    };
+
+    const FloatRect layerRect(0, 0, width, height);
+    LayerSettings layer{
+            .geometry =
+                    Geometry{
+                            .boundaries = layerRect,
+                    },
+            .source =
+                    PixelSource{
+                            .buffer =
+                                    Buffer{
+                                            .buffer = original,
+                                    },
+                    },
+            .alpha = half(1.0f),
+    };
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
+
+    auto [status, drawFence] =
+            re.drawLayers(display, layers, texture, kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd()).get();
+    sp<Fence> waitFence = sp<Fence>::make(std::move(drawFence));
+    waitFence->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
+    return texture;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper for timing calls to drawLayers.
+ *
+ * Caller needs to create RenderEngine and the LayerSettings, and this takes
+ * care of setting up the display, starting and stopping the timer, calling
+ * drawLayers, and saving (if --save is used).
+ *
+ * This times both the CPU and GPU work initiated by drawLayers. All work done
+ * outside of the for loop is excluded from the timing measurements.
+ */
+static void benchDrawLayers(RenderEngine& re, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+                            benchmark::State& benchState, const char* saveFileName) {
+    auto [width, height] = getDisplaySize();
+    auto outputBuffer = allocateBuffer(re, width, height);
+
+    const Rect displayRect(0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(width), static_cast<int32_t>(height));
+    DisplaySettings display{
+            .physicalDisplay = displayRect,
+            .clip = displayRect,
+            .maxLuminance = 500,
+    };
+
+    // This loop starts and stops the timer.
+    for (auto _ : benchState) {
+        auto [status, drawFence] = re.drawLayers(display, layers, outputBuffer,
+                                                 kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd())
+                                           .get();
+        sp<Fence> waitFence = sp<Fence>::make(std::move(drawFence));
+        waitFence->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
+    }
+
+    if (renderenginebench::save() && saveFileName) {
+        // Copy to a CPU-accessible buffer so we can encode it.
+        outputBuffer = copyBuffer(re, outputBuffer, GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN, "to_encode");
+
+        std::string outFile = base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+        outFile.append("/");
+        outFile.append(saveFileName);
+        outFile.append(".jpg");
+        renderenginebench::encodeToJpeg(outFile.c_str(), outputBuffer->getBuffer());
+    }
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Benchmarks
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void BM_blur(benchmark::State& benchState) {
+    auto re = createRenderEngine(static_cast<RenderEngine::RenderEngineType>(benchState.range()));
+
+    // Initially use cpu access so we can decode into it with AImageDecoder.
+    auto [width, height] = getDisplaySize();
+    auto srcBuffer =
+            allocateBuffer(*re, width, height, GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN, "decoded_source");
+    {
+        std::string srcImage = base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+        srcImage.append("/resources/homescreen.png");
+        renderenginebench::decode(srcImage.c_str(), srcBuffer->getBuffer());
+
+        // Now copy into GPU-only buffer for more realistic timing.
+        srcBuffer = copyBuffer(*re, srcBuffer, 0, "source");
+    }
+
+    const FloatRect layerRect(0, 0, width, height);
+    LayerSettings layer{
+            .geometry =
+                    Geometry{
+                            .boundaries = layerRect,
+                    },
+            .source =
+                    PixelSource{
+                            .buffer =
+                                    Buffer{
+                                            .buffer = srcBuffer,
+                                    },
+                    },
+            .alpha = half(1.0f),
+    };
+    LayerSettings blurLayer{
+            .geometry =
+                    Geometry{
+                            .boundaries = layerRect,
+                    },
+            .alpha = half(1.0f),
+            .skipContentDraw = true,
+            .backgroundBlurRadius = 60,
+    };
+
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer, blurLayer};
+    benchDrawLayers(*re, layers, benchState, "blurred");
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_blur)->Apply(RunSkiaGLThreaded);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.h b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a25d77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/RenderEngineBench.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+/**
+ * Utilities for running benchmarks.
+ */
+namespace renderenginebench {
+/**
+ * Parse RenderEngineBench-specific flags from the command line.
+ *
+ * --save Save the output buffer to a file to verify that it drew as
+ *  expected.
+ */
+void parseFlags(int argc, char** argv);
+
+/**
+ * Parse flags for '--help'
+ */
+void parseFlagsForHelp(int argc, char** argv);
+
+/**
+ * Whether to save the drawing result to a file.
+ *
+ * True if --save was used on the command line.
+ */
+bool save();
+
+/**
+ * Decode the image at 'path' into 'buffer'.
+ *
+ * Currently only used for debugging. The image will be scaled to fit the
+ * buffer if necessary.
+ *
+ * This assumes the buffer matches ANDROID_BITMAP_FORMAT_RGBA_8888.
+ *
+ * @param path Relative to the directory holding the executable.
+ */
+void decode(const char* path, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer);
+
+/**
+ * Encode the buffer to a jpeg.
+ *
+ * This assumes the buffer matches ANDROID_BITMAP_FORMAT_RGBA_8888.
+ *
+ * @param path Relative to the directory holding the executable.
+ */
+void encodeToJpeg(const char* path, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer);
+} // namespace renderenginebench
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/main.cpp b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a62853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <RenderEngineBench.h>
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    // Initialize will exit if it sees '--help', so check for it and print info
+    // about our flags first.
+    renderenginebench::parseFlagsForHelp(argc, argv);
+    benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+
+    // Calling this separately from parseFlagsForHelp prevents collisions with
+    // google-benchmark's flags, since Initialize will consume and remove flags
+    // it recognizes.
+    renderenginebench::parseFlags(argc, argv);
+    benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/benchmark/resources/homescreen.png b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/resources/homescreen.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..997b72d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/benchmark/resources/homescreen.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
index 467f848..22dd866 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -1078,15 +1078,16 @@
     return image;
 }
 
-status_t GLESRenderEngine::drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                                      const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                      const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                                      const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
-                                      base::unique_fd* drawFence) {
+void GLESRenderEngine::drawLayersInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+        base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (layers.empty()) {
         ALOGV("Drawing empty layer stack");
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+        return;
     }
 
     if (bufferFence.get() >= 0) {
@@ -1100,7 +1101,8 @@
 
     if (buffer == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("No output buffer provided. Aborting GPU composition.");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
+        resultPromise->set_value({BAD_VALUE, base::unique_fd()});
+        return;
     }
 
     validateOutputBufferUsage(buffer->getBuffer());
@@ -1108,10 +1110,10 @@
     std::unique_ptr<BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer> fbo;
     // Gathering layers that requested blur, we'll need them to decide when to render to an
     // offscreen buffer, and when to render to the native buffer.
-    std::deque<const LayerSettings*> blurLayers;
+    std::deque<const LayerSettings> blurLayers;
     if (CC_LIKELY(mBlurFilter != nullptr)) {
-        for (auto layer : layers) {
-            if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
+        for (const auto& layer : layers) {
+            if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                 blurLayers.push_back(layer);
             }
         }
@@ -1128,18 +1130,20 @@
             ALOGE("Failed to bind framebuffer! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                   buffer->getBuffer()->handle);
             checkErrors();
-            return fbo->getStatus();
+            resultPromise->set_value({fbo->getStatus(), base::unique_fd()});
+            return;
         }
         setViewportAndProjection(display.physicalDisplay, display.clip);
     } else {
         setViewportAndProjection(display.physicalDisplay, display.clip);
         auto status =
-                mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display, blurLayers.front()->backgroundBlurRadius);
+                mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display, blurLayers.front().backgroundBlurRadius);
         if (status != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGE("Failed to prepare blur filter! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                   buffer->getBuffer()->handle);
             checkErrors();
-            return status;
+            resultPromise->set_value({status, base::unique_fd()});
+            return;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1156,10 +1160,6 @@
 
     const mat4 projectionMatrix =
             ui::Transform(display.orientation).asMatrix4() * mState.projectionMatrix;
-    if (!display.clearRegion.isEmpty()) {
-        glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-        fillRegionWithColor(display.clearRegion, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
-    }
 
     Mesh mesh = Mesh::Builder()
                         .setPrimitive(Mesh::TRIANGLE_FAN)
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@
                         .setTexCoords(2 /* size */)
                         .setCropCoords(2 /* size */)
                         .build();
-    for (auto const layer : layers) {
+    for (const auto& layer : layers) {
         if (blurLayers.size() > 0 && blurLayers.front() == layer) {
             blurLayers.pop_front();
 
@@ -1176,7 +1176,8 @@
                 ALOGE("Failed to render blur effect! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                       buffer->getBuffer()->handle);
                 checkErrors("Can't render first blur pass");
-                return status;
+                resultPromise->set_value({status, base::unique_fd()});
+                return;
             }
 
             if (blurLayers.size() == 0) {
@@ -1192,13 +1193,14 @@
                 // There's still something else to blur, so let's keep rendering to our FBO
                 // instead of to the display.
                 status = mBlurFilter->setAsDrawTarget(display,
-                                                      blurLayers.front()->backgroundBlurRadius);
+                                                      blurLayers.front().backgroundBlurRadius);
             }
             if (status != NO_ERROR) {
                 ALOGE("Failed to bind framebuffer! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                       buffer->getBuffer()->handle);
                 checkErrors("Can't bind native framebuffer");
-                return status;
+                resultPromise->set_value({status, base::unique_fd()});
+                return;
             }
 
             status = mBlurFilter->render(blurLayersSize > 1);
@@ -1206,47 +1208,48 @@
                 ALOGE("Failed to render blur effect! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                       buffer->getBuffer()->handle);
                 checkErrors("Can't render blur filter");
-                return status;
+                resultPromise->set_value({status, base::unique_fd()});
+                return;
             }
         }
 
         // Ensure luminance is at least 100 nits to avoid div-by-zero
-        const float maxLuminance = std::max(100.f, layer->source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits);
+        const float maxLuminance = std::max(100.f, layer.source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits);
         mState.maxMasteringLuminance = maxLuminance;
         mState.maxContentLuminance = maxLuminance;
-        mState.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * layer->geometry.positionTransform;
+        mState.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * layer.geometry.positionTransform;
 
-        const FloatRect bounds = layer->geometry.boundaries;
+        const FloatRect bounds = layer.geometry.boundaries;
         Mesh::VertexArray<vec2> position(mesh.getPositionArray<vec2>());
         position[0] = vec2(bounds.left, bounds.top);
         position[1] = vec2(bounds.left, bounds.bottom);
         position[2] = vec2(bounds.right, bounds.bottom);
         position[3] = vec2(bounds.right, bounds.top);
 
-        setupLayerCropping(*layer, mesh);
-        setColorTransform(layer->colorTransform);
+        setupLayerCropping(layer, mesh);
+        setColorTransform(layer.colorTransform);
 
         bool usePremultipliedAlpha = true;
         bool disableTexture = true;
         bool isOpaque = false;
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
             disableTexture = false;
-            isOpaque = layer->source.buffer.isOpaque;
+            isOpaque = layer.source.buffer.isOpaque;
 
-            sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuf = layer->source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer();
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuf = layer.source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer();
             validateInputBufferUsage(gBuf);
-            bindExternalTextureBuffer(layer->source.buffer.textureName, gBuf,
-                                      layer->source.buffer.fence);
+            bindExternalTextureBuffer(layer.source.buffer.textureName, gBuf,
+                                      layer.source.buffer.fence);
 
-            usePremultipliedAlpha = layer->source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha;
-            Texture texture(Texture::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, layer->source.buffer.textureName);
-            mat4 texMatrix = layer->source.buffer.textureTransform;
+            usePremultipliedAlpha = layer.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha;
+            Texture texture(Texture::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, layer.source.buffer.textureName);
+            mat4 texMatrix = layer.source.buffer.textureTransform;
 
             texture.setMatrix(texMatrix.asArray());
-            texture.setFiltering(layer->source.buffer.useTextureFiltering);
+            texture.setFiltering(layer.source.buffer.useTextureFiltering);
 
             texture.setDimensions(gBuf->getWidth(), gBuf->getHeight());
-            setSourceY410BT2020(layer->source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
+            setSourceY410BT2020(layer.source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
 
             renderengine::Mesh::VertexArray<vec2> texCoords(mesh.getTexCoordArray<vec2>());
             texCoords[0] = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
@@ -1261,62 +1264,63 @@
             }
         }
 
-        const half3 solidColor = layer->source.solidColor;
-        const half4 color = half4(solidColor.r, solidColor.g, solidColor.b, layer->alpha);
+        const half3 solidColor = layer.source.solidColor;
+        const half4 color = half4(solidColor.r, solidColor.g, solidColor.b, layer.alpha);
         // Buffer sources will have a black solid color ignored in the shader,
         // so in that scenario the solid color passed here is arbitrary.
         setupLayerBlending(usePremultipliedAlpha, isOpaque, disableTexture, color,
-                           layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-        if (layer->disableBlending) {
+                           layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+        if (layer.disableBlending) {
             glDisable(GL_BLEND);
         }
-        setSourceDataSpace(layer->sourceDataspace);
+        setSourceDataSpace(layer.sourceDataspace);
 
-        if (layer->shadow.length > 0.0f) {
-            handleShadow(layer->geometry.boundaries, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius,
-                         layer->shadow);
+        if (layer.shadow.length > 0.0f) {
+            handleShadow(layer.geometry.boundaries, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius,
+                         layer.shadow);
         }
         // We only want to do a special handling for rounded corners when having rounded corners
         // is the only reason it needs to turn on blending, otherwise, we handle it like the
         // usual way since it needs to turn on blending anyway.
-        else if (layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius > 0.0 && color.a >= 1.0f && isOpaque) {
-            handleRoundedCorners(display, *layer, mesh);
+        else if (layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius > 0.0 && color.a >= 1.0f && isOpaque) {
+            handleRoundedCorners(display, layer, mesh);
         } else {
             drawMesh(mesh);
         }
 
         // Cleanup if there's a buffer source
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer != nullptr) {
             disableBlending();
             setSourceY410BT2020(false);
             disableTexturing();
         }
     }
 
-    if (drawFence != nullptr) {
-        *drawFence = flush();
-    }
+    base::unique_fd drawFence = flush();
+
     // If flush failed or we don't support native fences, we need to force the
     // gl command stream to be executed.
-    if (drawFence == nullptr || drawFence->get() < 0) {
+    if (drawFence.get() < 0) {
         bool success = finish();
         if (!success) {
             ALOGE("Failed to flush RenderEngine commands");
             checkErrors();
             // Chances are, something illegal happened (either the caller passed
             // us bad parameters, or we messed up our shader generation).
-            return INVALID_OPERATION;
+            resultPromise->set_value({INVALID_OPERATION, std::move(drawFence)});
+            return;
         }
         mLastDrawFence = nullptr;
     } else {
         // The caller takes ownership of drawFence, so we need to duplicate the
         // fd here.
-        mLastDrawFence = new Fence(dup(drawFence->get()));
+        mLastDrawFence = new Fence(dup(drawFence.get()));
     }
     mPriorResourcesCleaned = false;
 
     checkErrors();
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, std::move(drawFence)});
+    return;
 }
 
 void GLESRenderEngine::setViewportAndProjection(Rect viewport, Rect clip) {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
index 14627ce..1d7c2ca 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
@@ -63,11 +63,6 @@
     bool isProtected() const override { return mInProtectedContext; }
     bool supportsProtectedContent() const override;
     void useProtectedContext(bool useProtectedContext) override;
-    status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                        const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                        const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
-                        base::unique_fd* drawFence) override;
     void cleanupPostRender() override;
     int getContextPriority() override;
     bool supportsBackgroundBlur() override { return mBlurFilter != nullptr; }
@@ -107,6 +102,11 @@
             EXCLUDES(mRenderingMutex);
     void unmapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) EXCLUDES(mRenderingMutex);
     bool canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const override;
+    void drawLayersInternal(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+                            const DisplaySettings& display,
+                            const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+                            const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
+                            const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
 
 private:
     friend class BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/DisplaySettings.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/DisplaySettings.h
index 53fa622..d395d06 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/DisplaySettings.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/DisplaySettings.h
@@ -51,10 +51,6 @@
     // dataspace, in non-linear space.
     mat4 colorTransform = mat4();
 
-    // Region that will be cleared to (0, 0, 0, 1) prior to rendering.
-    // This is specified in layer-stack space.
-    Region clearRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
-
     // An additional orientation flag to be applied after clipping the output.
     // By way of example, this may be used for supporting fullscreen screenshot
     // capture of a device in landscape while the buffer is in portrait
@@ -68,8 +64,7 @@
 static inline bool operator==(const DisplaySettings& lhs, const DisplaySettings& rhs) {
     return lhs.physicalDisplay == rhs.physicalDisplay && lhs.clip == rhs.clip &&
             lhs.maxLuminance == rhs.maxLuminance && lhs.outputDataspace == rhs.outputDataspace &&
-            lhs.colorTransform == rhs.colorTransform &&
-            lhs.clearRegion.hasSameRects(rhs.clearRegion) && lhs.orientation == rhs.orientation;
+            lhs.colorTransform == rhs.colorTransform && lhs.orientation == rhs.orientation;
 }
 
 // Defining PrintTo helps with Google Tests.
@@ -84,9 +79,6 @@
     PrintTo(settings.outputDataspace, os);
     *os << "\n    .colorTransform = " << settings.colorTransform;
     *os << "\n    .clearRegion = ";
-    PrintTo(settings.clearRegion, os);
-    *os << "\n    .orientation = " << settings.orientation;
-    *os << "\n}";
 }
 
 } // namespace renderengine
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
index f555cdb..b9cc648 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 class Mesh;
 class Texture;
 struct RenderEngineCreationArgs;
+struct RenderEngineResult;
 
 namespace threaded {
 class RenderEngineThreaded;
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@
         SKIA_GL_THREADED = 4,
     };
 
-    static std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> create(RenderEngineCreationArgs args);
+    static std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args);
 
     virtual ~RenderEngine() = 0;
 
@@ -156,17 +157,12 @@
     // parameter does nothing.
     // @param bufferFence Fence signalling that the buffer is ready to be drawn
     // to.
-    // @param drawFence A pointer to a fence, which will fire when the buffer
-    // has been drawn to and is ready to be examined. The fence will be
-    // initialized by this method. The caller will be responsible for owning the
-    // fence.
-    // @return An error code indicating whether drawing was successful. For
-    // now, this always returns NO_ERROR.
-    virtual status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                                const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                                const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
-                                base::unique_fd* drawFence) = 0;
+    // @return A future object of RenderEngineResult struct indicating whether
+    // drawing was successful in async mode.
+    virtual std::future<RenderEngineResult> drawLayers(
+            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+            const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+            base::unique_fd&& bufferFence);
 
     // Clean-up method that should be called on the main thread after the
     // drawFence returned by drawLayers fires. This method will free up
@@ -232,6 +228,12 @@
     friend class threaded::RenderEngineThreaded;
     friend class RenderEngineTest_cleanupPostRender_cleansUpOnce_Test;
     const RenderEngineType mRenderEngineType;
+
+    virtual void drawLayersInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+            const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+            base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) = 0;
 };
 
 struct RenderEngineCreationArgs {
@@ -318,6 +320,13 @@
             RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED;
 };
 
+struct RenderEngineResult {
+    // status indicates if drawing is successful
+    status_t status;
+    // drawFence will fire when the buffer has been drawn to and is ready to be examined.
+    base::unique_fd drawFence;
+};
+
 } // namespace renderengine
 } // namespace android
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
index 0be3ba6..248bd65 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
@@ -47,10 +47,15 @@
     MOCK_METHOD1(useProtectedContext, void(bool));
     MOCK_METHOD0(cleanupPostRender, void());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(canSkipPostRenderCleanup, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD6(drawLayers,
-                 status_t(const DisplaySettings&, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>&,
-                          const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
-                          base::unique_fd*));
+    MOCK_METHOD5(drawLayers,
+                 std::future<RenderEngineResult>(const DisplaySettings&,
+                                                 const std::vector<LayerSettings>&,
+                                                 const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>&,
+                                                 const bool, base::unique_fd&&));
+    MOCK_METHOD6(drawLayersInternal,
+                 void(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&&,
+                      const DisplaySettings&, const std::vector<LayerSettings>&,
+                      const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&));
     MOCK_METHOD0(cleanFramebufferCache, void());
     MOCK_METHOD0(getContextPriority, int());
     MOCK_METHOD0(supportsBackgroundBlur, bool());
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
index cc627b8..b18a872 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/Cache.cpp
@@ -95,25 +95,27 @@
             .alpha = 1,
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer, &caster};
-    // When sourceDataspace matches dest, the general shadow fragment shader doesn't
-    // have color correction added.
-    // independently, when it is not srgb, the *vertex* shader has color correction added.
-    // This may be a bug, but the shader still needs to be cached as it is triggered
-    // during youtube pip.
-    for (auto dataspace : {kDestDataSpace, kOtherDataSpace}) {
-        layer.sourceDataspace = dataspace;
-        // The 2nd matrix, which has different scales for x and y, will
-        // generate the slower (more general case) shadow shader
-        for (auto transform : {mat4(), kScaleAndTranslate, kFlip}) {
-            layer.geometry.positionTransform = transform;
-            caster.geometry.positionTransform = transform;
-            for (bool translucent : {false, true}){
-                layer.shadow.casterIsTranslucent = translucent;
-                renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                                        base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
-            }
-        }
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer, caster};
+    // Four combinations of settings are used (two transforms here, and drawShadowLayers is
+    // called with two different destination data spaces) They're all rounded rect.
+    // Three of these are cache misses that generate new shaders.
+    // The first combination generates a short and simple shadow shader.
+    // The second combination, flip transform, generates two shaders. The first appears to involve
+    //   gaussian_fp. The second is a long and general purpose shadow shader with a device space
+    //   transformation stage.
+    // The third combination is a cache hit, nothing new.
+    // The fourth combination, flip transform with a non-SRGB destination dataspace, is new.
+    //   It is unique in that nearly everything is done in the vertex shader, and that vertex shader
+    //   requires color correction. This is triggered differently from every other instance of color
+    //   correction. All other instances are triggered when src and dst dataspaces differ, while
+    //   this one is triggered by the destination being non-srgb. Apparently since the third
+    //   combination is a cache hit, this color correction is only added when the vertex shader is
+    //   doing something non-trivial.
+    for (auto transform : {mat4(), kFlip}) {
+        layer.geometry.positionTransform = transform;
+        caster.geometry.positionTransform = transform;
+        renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
+                                 base::unique_fd());
     }
 }
 
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@
                                           }},
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     for (auto dataspace : {kDestDataSpace, kOtherDataSpace}) {
         layer.sourceDataspace = dataspace;
         // Cache shaders for both rects and round rects.
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@
                 for (auto alpha : {half(.2f), half(1.0f)}) {
                     layer.alpha = alpha;
                     renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                                             base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+                                             base::unique_fd());
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -174,13 +176,13 @@
             .alpha = 0.5,
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     for (auto transform : {mat4(), kScaleAndTranslate}) {
         layer.geometry.positionTransform = transform;
         for (float roundedCornersRadius : {0.0f, 50.f}) {
             layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius = roundedCornersRadius;
             renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                                     base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+                                     base::unique_fd());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -199,12 +201,12 @@
             .skipContentDraw = true,
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     // Different blur code is invoked for radii less and greater than 30 pixels
     for (int radius : {9, 60}) {
         layer.backgroundBlurRadius = radius;
         renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                                 base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+                                 base::unique_fd());
     }
 }
 
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@
                     },
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
     for (auto pixelSource : {bufferSource, bufferOpaque, colorSource}) {
         layer.source = pixelSource;
         for (auto dataspace : {kDestDataSpace, kOtherDataSpace}) {
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@
                 for (float alpha : {0.5f, 1.f}) {
                     layer.alpha = alpha,
                     renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                                             base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+                                             base::unique_fd());
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -287,9 +289,8 @@
 
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
-    renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                             base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
+    renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd());
 }
 
 static void drawHolePunchLayer(SkiaRenderEngine* renderengine, const DisplaySettings& display,
@@ -316,9 +317,8 @@
 
     };
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<const LayerSettings*>{&layer};
-    renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache,
-                            base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
+    renderengine->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd());
 }
 
 //
@@ -381,6 +381,7 @@
                                                           ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
         drawHolePunchLayer(renderengine, display, dstTexture);
         drawSolidLayers(renderengine, display, dstTexture);
+
         drawShadowLayers(renderengine, display, srcTexture);
         drawShadowLayers(renderengine, p3Display, srcTexture);
 
@@ -424,6 +425,16 @@
 
         drawPIPImageLayer(renderengine, display, dstTexture, externalTexture);
 
+        // draw one final layer synchronously to force GL submit
+        LayerSettings layer{
+                .source = PixelSource{.solidColor = half3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f)},
+        };
+        auto layers = std::vector<LayerSettings>{layer};
+        // call get() to make it synchronous
+        renderengine
+                ->drawLayers(display, layers, dstTexture, kUseFrameBufferCache, base::unique_fd())
+                .get();
+
         const nsecs_t timeAfter = systemTime();
         const float compileTimeMs = static_cast<float>(timeAfter - timeBefore) / 1.0E6;
         const int shadersCompiled = renderengine->reportShadersCompiled();
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
index ff4d348..f367a84 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
+// please keep in sync with hwui/utils/Color.cpp
 sk_sp<SkColorSpace> toSkColorSpace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
     skcms_Matrix3x3 gamut;
     switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK) {
@@ -32,6 +33,17 @@
         case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3:
             gamut = SkNamedGamut::kDisplayP3;
             break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB:
+            gamut = SkNamedGamut::kAdobeRGB;
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED:
         default:
             gamut = SkNamedGamut::kSRGB;
             break;
@@ -42,10 +54,19 @@
             return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kLinear, gamut);
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB:
             return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kSRGB, gamut);
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2:
+            return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB({2.2f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, gamut);
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6:
+            return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB({2.6f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, gamut);
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8:
+            return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB({2.8f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, gamut);
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
             return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kPQ, gamut);
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M:
+            return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kRec2020, gamut);
         case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
             return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kHLG, gamut);
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED:
         default:
             return SkColorSpace::MakeRGB(SkNamedTransferFn::kSRGB, gamut);
     }
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
index e42b5b9..376e279 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
 #include "SkBlendMode.h"
 #include "SkImageInfo.h"
 #include "filters/BlurFilter.h"
+#include "filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h"
+#include "filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h"
 #include "filters/LinearEffect.h"
 #include "log/log_main.h"
 #include "skia/debug/SkiaCapture.h"
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@
 
     if (args.supportsBackgroundBlur) {
         ALOGD("Background Blurs Enabled");
-        mBlurFilter = new BlurFilter();
+        mBlurFilter = new KawaseBlurFilter();
     }
     mCapture = std::make_unique<SkiaCapture>();
 }
@@ -610,17 +612,18 @@
     AutoBackendTexture::CleanupManager& mMgr;
 };
 
-sk_sp<SkShader> SkiaGLRenderEngine::createRuntimeEffectShader(
-        sk_sp<SkShader> shader,
-        const LayerSettings* layer, const DisplaySettings& display, bool undoPremultipliedAlpha,
-        bool requiresLinearEffect) {
-    const auto stretchEffect = layer->stretchEffect;
+sk_sp<SkShader> SkiaGLRenderEngine::createRuntimeEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader,
+                                                              const LayerSettings& layer,
+                                                              const DisplaySettings& display,
+                                                              bool undoPremultipliedAlpha,
+                                                              bool requiresLinearEffect) {
+    const auto stretchEffect = layer.stretchEffect;
     // The given surface will be stretched by HWUI via matrix transformation
     // which gets similar results for most surfaces
     // Determine later on if we need to leverage the stertch shader within
     // surface flinger
     if (stretchEffect.hasEffect()) {
-        const auto targetBuffer = layer->source.buffer.buffer;
+        const auto targetBuffer = layer.source.buffer.buffer;
         const auto graphicBuffer = targetBuffer ? targetBuffer->getBuffer() : nullptr;
         if (graphicBuffer && shader) {
             shader = mStretchShaderFactory.createSkShader(shader, stretchEffect);
@@ -629,13 +632,13 @@
 
     if (requiresLinearEffect) {
         const ui::Dataspace inputDataspace =
-                mUseColorManagement ? layer->sourceDataspace : ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
+                mUseColorManagement ? layer.sourceDataspace : ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
         const ui::Dataspace outputDataspace =
                 mUseColorManagement ? display.outputDataspace : ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-        LinearEffect effect = LinearEffect{.inputDataspace = inputDataspace,
-                                           .outputDataspace = outputDataspace,
-                                           .undoPremultipliedAlpha = undoPremultipliedAlpha};
+        auto effect = shaders::LinearEffect{.inputDataspace = inputDataspace,
+                                            .outputDataspace = outputDataspace,
+                                            .undoPremultipliedAlpha = undoPremultipliedAlpha};
 
         auto effectIter = mRuntimeEffects.find(effect);
         sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> runtimeEffect = nullptr;
@@ -645,13 +648,13 @@
         } else {
             runtimeEffect = effectIter->second;
         }
-        float maxLuminance = layer->source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits;
+        float maxLuminance = layer.source.buffer.maxLuminanceNits;
         // If the buffer doesn't have a max luminance, treat it as SDR & use the display's SDR
         // white point
         if (maxLuminance <= 0.f) {
             maxLuminance = display.sdrWhitePointNits;
         }
-        return createLinearEffectShader(shader, effect, runtimeEffect, layer->colorTransform,
+        return createLinearEffectShader(shader, effect, runtimeEffect, layer.colorTransform,
                                         display.maxLuminance, maxLuminance);
     }
     return shader;
@@ -727,22 +730,24 @@
     return roundedRect;
 }
 
-status_t SkiaGLRenderEngine::drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                                        const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                                        const bool /*useFramebufferCache*/,
-                                        base::unique_fd&& bufferFence, base::unique_fd* drawFence) {
+void SkiaGLRenderEngine::drawLayersInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool /*useFramebufferCache*/,
+        base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_NAME("SkiaGL::drawLayers");
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mRenderingMutex);
     if (layers.empty()) {
         ALOGV("Drawing empty layer stack");
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+        return;
     }
 
     if (buffer == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("No output buffer provided. Aborting GPU composition.");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
+        resultPromise->set_value({BAD_VALUE, base::unique_fd()});
+        return;
     }
 
     validateOutputBufferUsage(buffer->getBuffer());
@@ -774,7 +779,8 @@
     SkCanvas* dstCanvas = mCapture->tryCapture(dstSurface.get());
     if (dstCanvas == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("Cannot acquire canvas from Skia.");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
+        resultPromise->set_value({BAD_VALUE, base::unique_fd()});
+        return;
     }
 
     // setup color filter if necessary
@@ -798,19 +804,19 @@
             if (!layerHasBlur(layer, ctModifiesAlpha)) {
                 continue;
             }
-            if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0 &&
-                layer->backgroundBlurRadius < BlurFilter::kMaxCrossFadeRadius) {
+            if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0 &&
+                layer.backgroundBlurRadius < mBlurFilter->getMaxCrossFadeRadius()) {
                 requiresCompositionLayer = true;
             }
-            for (auto region : layer->blurRegions) {
-                if (region.blurRadius < BlurFilter::kMaxCrossFadeRadius) {
+            for (auto region : layer.blurRegions) {
+                if (region.blurRadius < mBlurFilter->getMaxCrossFadeRadius()) {
                     requiresCompositionLayer = true;
                 }
             }
             if (requiresCompositionLayer) {
                 activeSurface = dstSurface->makeSurface(dstSurface->imageInfo());
                 canvas = mCapture->tryOffscreenCapture(activeSurface.get(), &offscreenCaptureState);
-                blurCompositionLayer = layer;
+                blurCompositionLayer = &layer;
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -821,34 +827,12 @@
     canvas->clear(SK_ColorTRANSPARENT);
     initCanvas(canvas, display);
 
-    // TODO: clearRegion was required for SurfaceView when a buffer is not yet available but the
-    // view is still on-screen. The clear region could be re-specified as a black color layer,
-    // however.
-    if (!display.clearRegion.isEmpty()) {
-        ATRACE_NAME("ClearRegion");
-        size_t numRects = 0;
-        Rect const* rects = display.clearRegion.getArray(&numRects);
-        SkIRect skRects[numRects];
-        for (int i = 0; i < numRects; ++i) {
-            skRects[i] =
-                    SkIRect::MakeLTRB(rects[i].left, rects[i].top, rects[i].right, rects[i].bottom);
-        }
-        SkRegion clearRegion;
-        SkPaint paint;
-        sk_sp<SkShader> shader =
-                SkShaders::Color(SkColor4f{.fR = 0., .fG = 0., .fB = 0., .fA = 1.0},
-                                 toSkColorSpace(dstDataspace));
-        paint.setShader(shader);
-        clearRegion.setRects(skRects, numRects);
-        canvas->drawRegion(clearRegion, paint);
-    }
-
     for (const auto& layer : layers) {
-        ATRACE_FORMAT("DrawLayer: %s", layer->name.c_str());
+        ATRACE_FORMAT("DrawLayer: %s", layer.name.c_str());
 
         if (kPrintLayerSettings) {
             std::stringstream ls;
-            PrintTo(*layer, &ls);
+            PrintTo(layer, &ls);
             auto debugs = ls.str();
             int pos = 0;
             while (pos < debugs.size()) {
@@ -858,7 +842,7 @@
         }
 
         sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput;
-        if (blurCompositionLayer == layer) {
+        if (blurCompositionLayer == &layer) {
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(activeSurface == dstSurface);
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(canvas == dstCanvas);
 
@@ -897,17 +881,17 @@
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(mCapture->isCaptureRunning())) {
             // Record the name of the layer if the capture is running.
             std::stringstream layerSettings;
-            PrintTo(*layer, &layerSettings);
+            PrintTo(layer, &layerSettings);
             // Store the LayerSettings in additional information.
-            canvas->drawAnnotation(SkRect::MakeEmpty(), layer->name.c_str(),
+            canvas->drawAnnotation(SkRect::MakeEmpty(), layer.name.c_str(),
                                    SkData::MakeWithCString(layerSettings.str().c_str()));
         }
         // Layers have a local transform that should be applied to them
-        canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer->geometry.positionTransform).asM33());
+        canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer.geometry.positionTransform).asM33());
 
         const auto [bounds, roundRectClip] =
-                getBoundsAndClip(layer->geometry.boundaries, layer->geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
-                                 layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                getBoundsAndClip(layer.geometry.boundaries, layer.geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
+                                 layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
         if (mBlurFilter && layerHasBlur(layer, ctModifiesAlpha)) {
             std::unordered_map<uint32_t, sk_sp<SkImage>> cachedBlurs;
 
@@ -928,20 +912,19 @@
 
             // TODO(b/182216890): Filter out empty layers earlier
             if (blurRect.width() > 0 && blurRect.height() > 0) {
-                if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
+                if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0) {
                     ATRACE_NAME("BackgroundBlur");
-                    auto blurredImage =
-                            mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, layer->backgroundBlurRadius, blurInput,
-                                                  blurRect);
+                    auto blurredImage = mBlurFilter->generate(grContext, layer.backgroundBlurRadius,
+                                                              blurInput, blurRect);
 
-                    cachedBlurs[layer->backgroundBlurRadius] = blurredImage;
+                    cachedBlurs[layer.backgroundBlurRadius] = blurredImage;
 
-                    mBlurFilter->drawBlurRegion(canvas, bounds, layer->backgroundBlurRadius, 1.0f,
+                    mBlurFilter->drawBlurRegion(canvas, bounds, layer.backgroundBlurRadius, 1.0f,
                                                 blurRect, blurredImage, blurInput);
                 }
 
-                canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer->blurRegionTransform).asM33());
-                for (auto region : layer->blurRegions) {
+                canvas->concat(getSkM44(layer.blurRegionTransform).asM33());
+                for (auto region : layer.blurRegions) {
                     if (cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] == nullptr) {
                         ATRACE_NAME("BlurRegion");
                         cachedBlurs[region.blurRadius] =
@@ -956,19 +939,18 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (layer->shadow.length > 0) {
+        if (layer.shadow.length > 0) {
             // This would require a new parameter/flag to SkShadowUtils::DrawShadow
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(layer->disableBlending, "Cannot disableBlending with a shadow");
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(layer.disableBlending, "Cannot disableBlending with a shadow");
 
             SkRRect shadowBounds, shadowClip;
-            if (layer->geometry.boundaries == layer->shadow.boundaries) {
+            if (layer.geometry.boundaries == layer.shadow.boundaries) {
                 shadowBounds = bounds;
                 shadowClip = roundRectClip;
             } else {
                 std::tie(shadowBounds, shadowClip) =
-                        getBoundsAndClip(layer->shadow.boundaries,
-                                         layer->geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
-                                         layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                        getBoundsAndClip(layer.shadow.boundaries, layer.geometry.roundedCornersCrop,
+                                         layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
             }
 
             // Technically, if bounds is a rect and roundRectClip is not empty,
@@ -979,18 +961,18 @@
             // looks more like the intent.
             const auto& rrect =
                     shadowBounds.isRect() && !shadowClip.isEmpty() ? shadowClip : shadowBounds;
-            drawShadow(canvas, rrect, layer->shadow);
+            drawShadow(canvas, rrect, layer.shadow);
         }
 
-        const bool requiresLinearEffect = layer->colorTransform != mat4() ||
+        const bool requiresLinearEffect = layer.colorTransform != mat4() ||
                 (mUseColorManagement &&
-                 needsToneMapping(layer->sourceDataspace, display.outputDataspace)) ||
+                 needsToneMapping(layer.sourceDataspace, display.outputDataspace)) ||
                 (display.sdrWhitePointNits > 0.f &&
                  display.sdrWhitePointNits != display.maxLuminance);
 
         // quick abort from drawing the remaining portion of the layer
-        if (layer->skipContentDraw ||
-            (layer->alpha == 0 && !requiresLinearEffect && !layer->disableBlending &&
+        if (layer.skipContentDraw ||
+            (layer.alpha == 0 && !requiresLinearEffect && !layer.disableBlending &&
              (!displayColorTransform || displayColorTransform->isAlphaUnchanged()))) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -1000,13 +982,13 @@
         // management is a no-op.
         const ui::Dataspace layerDataspace = (!mUseColorManagement || requiresLinearEffect)
                 ? dstDataspace
-                : layer->sourceDataspace;
+                : layer.sourceDataspace;
 
         SkPaint paint;
-        if (layer->source.buffer.buffer) {
+        if (layer.source.buffer.buffer) {
             ATRACE_NAME("DrawImage");
-            validateInputBufferUsage(layer->source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer());
-            const auto& item = layer->source.buffer;
+            validateInputBufferUsage(layer.source.buffer.buffer->getBuffer());
+            const auto& item = layer.source.buffer;
             std::shared_ptr<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef> imageTextureRef = nullptr;
 
             if (const auto& iter = cache.find(item.buffer->getBuffer()->getId());
@@ -1025,8 +1007,8 @@
 
             // if the layer's buffer has a fence, then we must must respect the fence prior to using
             // the buffer.
-            if (layer->source.buffer.fence != nullptr) {
-                waitFence(layer->source.buffer.fence->get());
+            if (layer.source.buffer.fence != nullptr) {
+                waitFence(layer.source.buffer.fence->get());
             }
 
             // isOpaque means we need to ignore the alpha in the image,
@@ -1070,7 +1052,7 @@
 
             sk_sp<SkShader> shader;
 
-            if (layer->source.buffer.useTextureFiltering) {
+            if (layer.source.buffer.useTextureFiltering) {
                 shader = image->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp,
                                            SkSamplingOptions(
                                                    {SkFilterMode::kLinear, SkMipmapMode::kNone}),
@@ -1088,21 +1070,21 @@
             paint.setShader(createRuntimeEffectShader(shader, layer, display,
                                                       !item.isOpaque && item.usePremultipliedAlpha,
                                                       requiresLinearEffect));
-            paint.setAlphaf(layer->alpha);
+            paint.setAlphaf(layer.alpha);
         } else {
             ATRACE_NAME("DrawColor");
-            const auto color = layer->source.solidColor;
+            const auto color = layer.source.solidColor;
             sk_sp<SkShader> shader = SkShaders::Color(SkColor4f{.fR = color.r,
                                                                 .fG = color.g,
                                                                 .fB = color.b,
-                                                                .fA = layer->alpha},
+                                                                .fA = layer.alpha},
                                                       toSkColorSpace(layerDataspace));
             paint.setShader(createRuntimeEffectShader(shader, layer, display,
                                                       /* undoPremultipliedAlpha */ false,
                                                       requiresLinearEffect));
         }
 
-        if (layer->disableBlending) {
+        if (layer.disableBlending) {
             paint.setBlendMode(SkBlendMode::kSrc);
         }
 
@@ -1131,13 +1113,11 @@
         activeSurface->flush();
     }
 
-    if (drawFence != nullptr) {
-        *drawFence = flush();
-    }
+    base::unique_fd drawFence = flush();
 
     // If flush failed or we don't support native fences, we need to force the
     // gl command stream to be executed.
-    bool requireSync = drawFence == nullptr || drawFence->get() < 0;
+    bool requireSync = drawFence.get() < 0;
     if (requireSync) {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("Submit(sync=true)");
     } else {
@@ -1149,11 +1129,13 @@
         ALOGE("Failed to flush RenderEngine commands");
         // Chances are, something illegal happened (either the caller passed
         // us bad parameters, or we messed up our shader generation).
-        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+        resultPromise->set_value({INVALID_OPERATION, std::move(drawFence)});
+        return;
     }
 
     // checkErrors();
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, std::move(drawFence)});
+    return;
 }
 
 inline SkRect SkiaGLRenderEngine::getSkRect(const FloatRect& rect) {
@@ -1164,6 +1146,73 @@
     return SkRect::MakeLTRB(rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
 }
 
+/**
+ *  Verifies that common, simple bounds + clip combinations can be converted into
+ *  a single RRect draw call returning true if possible. If true the radii parameter
+ *  will be filled with the correct radii values that combined with bounds param will
+ *  produce the insected roundRect. If false, the returned state of the radii param is undefined.
+ */
+static bool intersectionIsRoundRect(const SkRect& bounds, const SkRect& crop,
+                                    const SkRect& insetCrop, float cornerRadius,
+                                    SkVector radii[4]) {
+    const bool leftEqual = bounds.fLeft == crop.fLeft;
+    const bool topEqual = bounds.fTop == crop.fTop;
+    const bool rightEqual = bounds.fRight == crop.fRight;
+    const bool bottomEqual = bounds.fBottom == crop.fBottom;
+
+    // In the event that the corners of the bounds only partially align with the crop we
+    // need to ensure that the resulting shape can still be represented as a round rect.
+    // In particular the round rect implementation will scale the value of all corner radii
+    // if the sum of the radius along any edge is greater than the length of that edge.
+    // See https://www.w3.org/TR/css-backgrounds-3/#corner-overlap
+    const bool requiredWidth = bounds.width() > (cornerRadius * 2);
+    const bool requiredHeight = bounds.height() > (cornerRadius * 2);
+    if (!requiredWidth || !requiredHeight) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check each cropped corner to ensure that it exactly matches the crop or its corner is
+    // contained within the cropped shape and does not need rounded.
+    // compute the UpperLeft corner radius
+    if (leftEqual && topEqual) {
+        radii[0].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
+    } else if ((leftEqual && bounds.fTop >= insetCrop.fTop) ||
+               (topEqual && bounds.fLeft >= insetCrop.fLeft)) {
+        radii[0].set(0, 0);
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // compute the UpperRight corner radius
+    if (rightEqual && topEqual) {
+        radii[1].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
+    } else if ((rightEqual && bounds.fTop >= insetCrop.fTop) ||
+               (topEqual && bounds.fRight <= insetCrop.fRight)) {
+        radii[1].set(0, 0);
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // compute the BottomRight corner radius
+    if (rightEqual && bottomEqual) {
+        radii[2].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
+    } else if ((rightEqual && bounds.fBottom <= insetCrop.fBottom) ||
+               (bottomEqual && bounds.fRight <= insetCrop.fRight)) {
+        radii[2].set(0, 0);
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // compute the BottomLeft corner radius
+    if (leftEqual && bottomEqual) {
+        radii[3].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
+    } else if ((leftEqual && bounds.fBottom <= insetCrop.fBottom) ||
+               (bottomEqual && bounds.fLeft >= insetCrop.fLeft)) {
+        radii[3].set(0, 0);
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 inline std::pair<SkRRect, SkRRect> SkiaGLRenderEngine::getBoundsAndClip(const FloatRect& boundsRect,
                                                                         const FloatRect& cropRect,
                                                                         const float cornerRadius) {
@@ -1181,66 +1230,20 @@
         // converting them to a single RRect draw. It is possible there are other cases
         // that can be converted.
         if (crop.contains(bounds)) {
-            bool intersectionIsRoundRect = true;
-            // check each cropped corner to ensure that it exactly matches the crop or is full
-            SkVector radii[4];
-
             const auto insetCrop = crop.makeInset(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-
-            const bool leftEqual = bounds.fLeft == crop.fLeft;
-            const bool topEqual = bounds.fTop == crop.fTop;
-            const bool rightEqual = bounds.fRight == crop.fRight;
-            const bool bottomEqual = bounds.fBottom == crop.fBottom;
-
-            // compute the UpperLeft corner radius
-            if (leftEqual && topEqual) {
-                radii[0].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if ((leftEqual && bounds.fTop >= insetCrop.fTop) ||
-                       (topEqual && bounds.fLeft >= insetCrop.fLeft) ||
-                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fLeft, bounds.fTop)) {
-                radii[0].set(0, 0);
-            } else {
-                intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
-            }
-            // compute the UpperRight corner radius
-            if (rightEqual && topEqual) {
-                radii[1].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if ((rightEqual && bounds.fTop >= insetCrop.fTop) ||
-                       (topEqual && bounds.fRight <= insetCrop.fRight) ||
-                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fRight, bounds.fTop)) {
-                radii[1].set(0, 0);
-            } else {
-                intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
-            }
-            // compute the BottomRight corner radius
-            if (rightEqual && bottomEqual) {
-                radii[2].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if ((rightEqual && bounds.fBottom <= insetCrop.fBottom) ||
-                       (bottomEqual && bounds.fRight <= insetCrop.fRight) ||
-                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fRight, bounds.fBottom)) {
-                radii[2].set(0, 0);
-            } else {
-                intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
-            }
-            // compute the BottomLeft corner radius
-            if (leftEqual && bottomEqual) {
-                radii[3].set(cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
-            } else if ((leftEqual && bounds.fBottom <= insetCrop.fBottom) ||
-                       (bottomEqual && bounds.fLeft >= insetCrop.fLeft) ||
-                       insetCrop.contains(bounds.fLeft, bounds.fBottom)) {
-                radii[3].set(0, 0);
-            } else {
-                intersectionIsRoundRect = false;
+            if (insetCrop.contains(bounds)) {
+                return {SkRRect::MakeRect(bounds), clip}; // clip is empty - no rounding required
             }
 
-            if (intersectionIsRoundRect) {
+            SkVector radii[4];
+            if (intersectionIsRoundRect(bounds, crop, insetCrop, cornerRadius, radii)) {
                 SkRRect intersectionBounds;
                 intersectionBounds.setRectRadii(bounds, radii);
                 return {intersectionBounds, clip};
             }
         }
 
-        // we didn't it any of our fast paths so set the clip to the cropRect
+        // we didn't hit any of our fast paths so set the clip to the cropRect
         clip.setRectXY(crop, cornerRadius, cornerRadius);
     }
 
@@ -1249,13 +1252,13 @@
     return {SkRRect::MakeRect(bounds), clip};
 }
 
-inline bool SkiaGLRenderEngine::layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings* layer,
+inline bool SkiaGLRenderEngine::layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings& layer,
                                              bool colorTransformModifiesAlpha) {
-    if (layer->backgroundBlurRadius > 0 || layer->blurRegions.size()) {
+    if (layer.backgroundBlurRadius > 0 || layer.blurRegions.size()) {
         // return false if the content is opaque and would therefore occlude the blur
-        const bool opaqueContent = !layer->source.buffer.buffer || layer->source.buffer.isOpaque;
-        const bool opaqueAlpha = layer->alpha == 1.0f && !colorTransformModifiesAlpha;
-        return layer->skipContentDraw || !(opaqueContent && opaqueAlpha);
+        const bool opaqueContent = !layer.source.buffer.buffer || layer.source.buffer.isOpaque;
+        const bool opaqueAlpha = layer.alpha == 1.0f && !colorTransformModifiesAlpha;
+        return layer.skipContentDraw || !(opaqueContent && opaqueAlpha);
     }
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
index e1162f5..53792f9 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaGLRenderEngine.h
@@ -54,11 +54,6 @@
     ~SkiaGLRenderEngine() override EXCLUDES(mRenderingMutex);
 
     std::future<void> primeCache() override;
-    status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                        const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                        const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
-                        base::unique_fd* drawFence) override;
     void cleanupPostRender() override;
     void cleanFramebufferCache() override{};
     int getContextPriority() override;
@@ -77,6 +72,11 @@
     void mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool isRenderable) override;
     void unmapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) override;
     bool canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const override;
+    void drawLayersInternal(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+                            const DisplaySettings& display,
+                            const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+                            const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
+                            const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
 
 private:
     static EGLConfig chooseEglConfig(EGLDisplay display, int format, bool logConfig);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     inline SkRect getSkRect(const Rect& layer);
     inline std::pair<SkRRect, SkRRect> getBoundsAndClip(const FloatRect& bounds,
                                                         const FloatRect& crop, float cornerRadius);
-    inline bool layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings* layer, bool colorTransformModifiesAlpha);
+    inline bool layerHasBlur(const LayerSettings& layer, bool colorTransformModifiesAlpha);
     inline SkColor getSkColor(const vec4& color);
     inline SkM44 getSkM44(const mat4& matrix);
     inline SkPoint3 getSkPoint3(const vec3& vector);
@@ -108,8 +108,7 @@
                     const ShadowSettings& shadowSettings);
     // If requiresLinearEffect is true or the layer has a stretchEffect a new shader is returned.
     // Otherwise it returns the input shader.
-    sk_sp<SkShader> createRuntimeEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader,
-                                              const LayerSettings* layer,
+    sk_sp<SkShader> createRuntimeEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader, const LayerSettings& layer,
                                               const DisplaySettings& display,
                                               bool undoPremultipliedAlpha,
                                               bool requiresLinearEffect);
@@ -134,7 +133,8 @@
     // Cache of GL textures that we'll store per GraphicBuffer ID, shared between GPU contexts.
     std::unordered_map<GraphicBufferId, std::shared_ptr<AutoBackendTexture::LocalRef>> mTextureCache
             GUARDED_BY(mRenderingMutex);
-    std::unordered_map<LinearEffect, sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect>, LinearEffectHasher> mRuntimeEffects;
+    std::unordered_map<shaders::LinearEffect, sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect>, shaders::LinearEffectHasher>
+            mRuntimeEffects;
     AutoBackendTexture::CleanupManager mTextureCleanupMgr GUARDED_BY(mRenderingMutex);
 
     StretchShaderFactory mStretchShaderFactory;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
index 7cd9eca..eb65e83 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/SkiaRenderEngine.h
@@ -44,14 +44,6 @@
     virtual void deleteTextures(size_t /*count*/, uint32_t const* /*names*/) override{};
     virtual bool isProtected() const override { return false; } // mInProtectedContext; }
     virtual bool supportsProtectedContent() const override { return false; };
-    virtual status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& /*display*/,
-                                const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& /*layers*/,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& /*buffer*/,
-                                const bool /*useFramebufferCache*/,
-                                base::unique_fd&& /*bufferFence*/,
-                                base::unique_fd* /*drawFence*/) override {
-        return 0;
-    };
     virtual int getContextPriority() override { return 0; }
     virtual void assertShadersCompiled(int numShaders) {}
     virtual int reportShadersCompiled() { return 0; }
@@ -60,6 +52,14 @@
     virtual void mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& /*buffer*/,
                                           bool /*isRenderable*/) override = 0;
     virtual void unmapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& /*buffer*/) override = 0;
+
+    virtual void drawLayersInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+            const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+            const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+            base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override {
+        resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+    };
 };
 
 } // namespace skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.cpp
index 7c5bee9..6746e47 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
-
 #include "BlurFilter.h"
 #include <SkCanvas.h>
 #include <SkData.h>
@@ -32,40 +31,14 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-BlurFilter::BlurFilter() {
-    SkString blurString(R"(
-        uniform shader input;
-        uniform float2 in_blurOffset;
-        uniform float2 in_maxSizeXY;
-
-        half4 main(float2 xy) {
-            half4 c = sample(input, xy);
-            c += sample(input, float2( clamp( in_blurOffset.x + xy.x, 0, in_maxSizeXY.x),
-                                       clamp(in_blurOffset.y + xy.y, 0, in_maxSizeXY.y)));
-            c += sample(input, float2( clamp( in_blurOffset.x + xy.x, 0, in_maxSizeXY.x),
-                                       clamp(-in_blurOffset.y + xy.y, 0, in_maxSizeXY.y)));
-            c += sample(input, float2( clamp( -in_blurOffset.x + xy.x, 0, in_maxSizeXY.x),
-                                       clamp(in_blurOffset.y + xy.y, 0, in_maxSizeXY.y)));
-            c += sample(input, float2( clamp( -in_blurOffset.x + xy.x, 0, in_maxSizeXY.x),
-                                       clamp(-in_blurOffset.y + xy.y, 0, in_maxSizeXY.y)));
-
-            return half4(c.rgb * 0.2, 1.0);
-        }
-    )");
-
-    auto [blurEffect, error] = SkRuntimeEffect::MakeForShader(blurString);
-    if (!blurEffect) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("RuntimeShader error: %s", error.c_str());
-    }
-    mBlurEffect = std::move(blurEffect);
-
+static sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> createMixEffect() {
     SkString mixString(R"(
         uniform shader blurredInput;
         uniform shader originalInput;
         uniform float mixFactor;
 
         half4 main(float2 xy) {
-            return half4(mix(sample(originalInput, xy), sample(blurredInput, xy), mixFactor));
+            return half4(mix(originalInput.eval(xy), blurredInput.eval(xy), mixFactor));
         }
     )");
 
@@ -73,58 +46,12 @@
     if (!mixEffect) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("RuntimeShader error: %s", mixError.c_str());
     }
-    mMixEffect = std::move(mixEffect);
+    return mixEffect;
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkImage> BlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
-                                    const sk_sp<SkImage> input, const SkRect& blurRect) const {
-    // Kawase is an approximation of Gaussian, but it behaves differently from it.
-    // A radius transformation is required for approximating them, and also to introduce
-    // non-integer steps, necessary to smoothly interpolate large radii.
-    float tmpRadius = (float)blurRadius / 2.0f;
-    float numberOfPasses = std::min(kMaxPasses, (uint32_t)ceil(tmpRadius));
-    float radiusByPasses = tmpRadius / (float)numberOfPasses;
-
-    // create blur surface with the bit depth and colorspace of the original surface
-    SkImageInfo scaledInfo = input->imageInfo().makeWH(std::ceil(blurRect.width() * kInputScale),
-                                                       std::ceil(blurRect.height() * kInputScale));
-
-    const float stepX = radiusByPasses;
-    const float stepY = radiusByPasses;
-
-    // For sampling Skia's API expects the inverse of what logically seems appropriate. In this
-    // case you might expect Translate(blurRect.fLeft, blurRect.fTop) X Scale(kInverseInputScale)
-    // but instead we must do the inverse.
-    SkMatrix blurMatrix = SkMatrix::Translate(-blurRect.fLeft, -blurRect.fTop);
-    blurMatrix.postScale(kInputScale, kInputScale);
-
-    // start by downscaling and doing the first blur pass
-    SkSamplingOptions linear(SkFilterMode::kLinear, SkMipmapMode::kNone);
-    SkRuntimeShaderBuilder blurBuilder(mBlurEffect);
-    blurBuilder.child("input") =
-            input->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear, blurMatrix);
-    blurBuilder.uniform("in_blurOffset") = SkV2{stepX * kInputScale, stepY * kInputScale};
-    blurBuilder.uniform("in_maxSizeXY") =
-            SkV2{blurRect.width() * kInputScale, blurRect.height() * kInputScale};
-
-    sk_sp<SkImage> tmpBlur(blurBuilder.makeImage(context, nullptr, scaledInfo, false));
-
-    // And now we'll build our chain of scaled blur stages
-    for (auto i = 1; i < numberOfPasses; i++) {
-        const float stepScale = (float)i * kInputScale;
-        blurBuilder.child("input") =
-                tmpBlur->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear);
-        blurBuilder.uniform("in_blurOffset") = SkV2{stepX * stepScale, stepY * stepScale};
-        blurBuilder.uniform("in_maxSizeXY") =
-                SkV2{blurRect.width() * kInputScale, blurRect.height() * kInputScale};
-        tmpBlur = blurBuilder.makeImage(context, nullptr, scaledInfo, false);
-    }
-
-    return tmpBlur;
-}
-
-static SkMatrix getShaderTransform(const SkCanvas* canvas, const SkRect& blurRect, float scale) {
-    // 1. Apply the blur shader matrix, which scales up the blured surface to its real size
+static SkMatrix getShaderTransform(const SkCanvas* canvas, const SkRect& blurRect,
+                                   const float scale) {
+    // 1. Apply the blur shader matrix, which scales up the blurred surface to its real size
     auto matrix = SkMatrix::Scale(scale, scale);
     // 2. Since the blurred surface has the size of the layer, we align it with the
     // top left corner of the layer position.
@@ -139,6 +66,14 @@
     return matrix;
 }
 
+BlurFilter::BlurFilter(const float maxCrossFadeRadius)
+      : mMaxCrossFadeRadius(maxCrossFadeRadius),
+        mMixEffect(maxCrossFadeRadius > 0 ? createMixEffect() : nullptr) {}
+
+float BlurFilter::getMaxCrossFadeRadius() const {
+    return mMaxCrossFadeRadius;
+}
+
 void BlurFilter::drawBlurRegion(SkCanvas* canvas, const SkRRect& effectRegion,
                                 const uint32_t blurRadius, const float blurAlpha,
                                 const SkRect& blurRect, sk_sp<SkImage> blurredImage,
@@ -153,7 +88,7 @@
     const auto blurShader = blurredImage->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp,
                                                      linearSampling, &blurMatrix);
 
-    if (blurRadius < kMaxCrossFadeRadius) {
+    if (blurRadius < mMaxCrossFadeRadius) {
         // For sampling Skia's API expects the inverse of what logically seems appropriate. In this
         // case you might expect the matrix to simply be the canvas matrix.
         SkMatrix inputMatrix;
@@ -166,7 +101,7 @@
         blurBuilder.child("originalInput") =
                 input->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linearSampling,
                                   inputMatrix);
-        blurBuilder.uniform("mixFactor") = blurRadius / kMaxCrossFadeRadius;
+        blurBuilder.uniform("mixFactor") = blurRadius / mMaxCrossFadeRadius;
 
         paint.setShader(blurBuilder.makeShader(nullptr, true));
     } else {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
index 7110018..9cddc75 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/BlurFilter.h
@@ -27,29 +27,19 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-/**
- * This is an implementation of a Kawase blur, as described in here:
- * https://community.arm.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-blogs-components-weblogfiles/
- * 00-00-00-20-66/siggraph2015_2D00_mmg_2D00_marius_2D00_notes.pdf
- */
 class BlurFilter {
 public:
     // Downsample FBO to improve performance
     static constexpr float kInputScale = 0.25f;
     // Downsample scale factor used to improve performance
     static constexpr float kInverseInputScale = 1.0f / kInputScale;
-    // Maximum number of render passes
-    static constexpr uint32_t kMaxPasses = 4;
-    // To avoid downscaling artifacts, we interpolate the blurred fbo with the full composited
-    // image, up to this radius.
-    static constexpr float kMaxCrossFadeRadius = 10.0f;
 
-    explicit BlurFilter();
-    virtual ~BlurFilter(){};
+    explicit BlurFilter(float maxCrossFadeRadius = 10.0f);
+    virtual ~BlurFilter(){}
 
     // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
-    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
-                            const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const;
+    virtual sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+                            const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const = 0;
 
     /**
      * Draw the blurred content (from the generate method) into the canvas.
@@ -61,13 +51,20 @@
      * @param blurredImage down-sampled blurred content that was produced by the generate() method
      * @param input original unblurred input that is used to crossfade with the blurredImage
      */
-    void drawBlurRegion(SkCanvas* canvas, const SkRRect& effectRegion, const uint32_t blurRadius,
-                        const float blurAlpha, const SkRect& blurRect, sk_sp<SkImage> blurredImage,
-                        sk_sp<SkImage> input);
+    void drawBlurRegion(SkCanvas* canvas, const SkRRect& effectRegion,
+                                const uint32_t blurRadius, const float blurAlpha,
+                                const SkRect& blurRect, sk_sp<SkImage> blurredImage,
+                                sk_sp<SkImage> input);
+
+    float getMaxCrossFadeRadius() const;
 
 private:
-    sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> mBlurEffect;
-    sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> mMixEffect;
+    // To avoid downscaling artifacts, we interpolate the blurred fbo with the full composited
+    // image, up to this radius.
+    const float mMaxCrossFadeRadius;
+
+    // Optional blend used for crossfade only if mMaxCrossFadeRadius > 0
+    const sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> mMixEffect;
 };
 
 } // namespace skia
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55867a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "GaussianBlurFilter.h"
+#include <SkCanvas.h>
+#include <SkData.h>
+#include <SkPaint.h>
+#include <SkRRect.h>
+#include <SkRuntimeEffect.h>
+#include <SkImageFilters.h>
+#include <SkSize.h>
+#include <SkString.h>
+#include <SkSurface.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace skia {
+
+// This constant approximates the scaling done in the software path's
+// "high quality" mode, in SkBlurMask::Blur() (1 / sqrt(3)).
+static const float BLUR_SIGMA_SCALE = 0.57735f;
+
+GaussianBlurFilter::GaussianBlurFilter(): BlurFilter(/* maxCrossFadeRadius= */ 0.0f) {}
+
+sk_sp<SkImage> GaussianBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
+                                            const sk_sp<SkImage> input, const SkRect& blurRect)
+    const {
+    // Create blur surface with the bit depth and colorspace of the original surface
+    SkImageInfo scaledInfo = input->imageInfo().makeWH(std::ceil(blurRect.width() * kInputScale),
+                                                       std::ceil(blurRect.height() * kInputScale));
+    sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurface::MakeRenderTarget(context, SkBudgeted::kNo, scaledInfo);
+
+    SkPaint paint;
+    paint.setBlendMode(SkBlendMode::kSrc);
+    paint.setImageFilter(SkImageFilters::Blur(
+                blurRadius * kInputScale * BLUR_SIGMA_SCALE,
+                blurRadius * kInputScale * BLUR_SIGMA_SCALE,
+                SkTileMode::kClamp, nullptr));
+
+    surface->getCanvas()->drawImageRect(
+            input,
+            blurRect,
+            SkRect::MakeWH(scaledInfo.width(), scaledInfo.height()),
+            SkSamplingOptions{SkFilterMode::kLinear, SkMipmapMode::kNone},
+            &paint,
+            SkCanvas::SrcRectConstraint::kFast_SrcRectConstraint);
+    return surface->makeImageSnapshot();
+}
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4febd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/GaussianBlurFilter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BlurFilter.h"
+#include <SkCanvas.h>
+#include <SkImage.h>
+#include <SkRuntimeEffect.h>
+#include <SkSurface.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace skia {
+
+/**
+ * This is an implementation of a Gaussian blur using Skia's built-in GaussianBlur filter.
+ */
+class GaussianBlurFilter: public BlurFilter {
+public:
+    explicit GaussianBlurFilter();
+    virtual ~GaussianBlurFilter(){}
+
+    // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+                            const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
+
+};
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfde06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "KawaseBlurFilter.h"
+#include <SkCanvas.h>
+#include <SkData.h>
+#include <SkPaint.h>
+#include <SkRRect.h>
+#include <SkRuntimeEffect.h>
+#include <SkSize.h>
+#include <SkString.h>
+#include <SkSurface.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace skia {
+
+KawaseBlurFilter::KawaseBlurFilter(): BlurFilter() {
+    SkString blurString(R"(
+        uniform shader child;
+        uniform float in_blurOffset;
+
+        half4 main(float2 xy) {
+            half4 c = child.eval(xy);
+            c += child.eval(xy + float2(+in_blurOffset, +in_blurOffset));
+            c += child.eval(xy + float2(+in_blurOffset, -in_blurOffset));
+            c += child.eval(xy + float2(-in_blurOffset, -in_blurOffset));
+            c += child.eval(xy + float2(-in_blurOffset, +in_blurOffset));
+            return half4(c.rgb * 0.2, 1.0);
+        }
+    )");
+
+    auto [blurEffect, error] = SkRuntimeEffect::MakeForShader(blurString);
+    if (!blurEffect) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("RuntimeShader error: %s", error.c_str());
+    }
+    mBlurEffect = std::move(blurEffect);
+}
+
+sk_sp<SkImage> KawaseBlurFilter::generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t blurRadius,
+                                          const sk_sp<SkImage> input, const SkRect& blurRect)
+    const {
+    // Kawase is an approximation of Gaussian, but it behaves differently from it.
+    // A radius transformation is required for approximating them, and also to introduce
+    // non-integer steps, necessary to smoothly interpolate large radii.
+    float tmpRadius = (float)blurRadius / 2.0f;
+    float numberOfPasses = std::min(kMaxPasses, (uint32_t)ceil(tmpRadius));
+    float radiusByPasses = tmpRadius / (float)numberOfPasses;
+
+    // create blur surface with the bit depth and colorspace of the original surface
+    SkImageInfo scaledInfo = input->imageInfo().makeWH(std::ceil(blurRect.width() * kInputScale),
+                                                       std::ceil(blurRect.height() * kInputScale));
+
+    // For sampling Skia's API expects the inverse of what logically seems appropriate. In this
+    // case you might expect Translate(blurRect.fLeft, blurRect.fTop) X Scale(kInverseInputScale)
+    // but instead we must do the inverse.
+    SkMatrix blurMatrix = SkMatrix::Translate(-blurRect.fLeft, -blurRect.fTop);
+    blurMatrix.postScale(kInputScale, kInputScale);
+
+    // start by downscaling and doing the first blur pass
+    SkSamplingOptions linear(SkFilterMode::kLinear, SkMipmapMode::kNone);
+    SkRuntimeShaderBuilder blurBuilder(mBlurEffect);
+    blurBuilder.child("child") =
+            input->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear, blurMatrix);
+    blurBuilder.uniform("in_blurOffset") = radiusByPasses * kInputScale;
+
+    sk_sp<SkImage> tmpBlur(blurBuilder.makeImage(context, nullptr, scaledInfo, false));
+
+    // And now we'll build our chain of scaled blur stages
+    for (auto i = 1; i < numberOfPasses; i++) {
+        blurBuilder.child("child") =
+                tmpBlur->makeShader(SkTileMode::kClamp, SkTileMode::kClamp, linear);
+        blurBuilder.uniform("in_blurOffset") = (float) i * radiusByPasses * kInputScale;
+        tmpBlur = blurBuilder.makeImage(context, nullptr, scaledInfo, false);
+    }
+
+    return tmpBlur;
+}
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ac5ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/KawaseBlurFilter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BlurFilter.h"
+#include <SkCanvas.h>
+#include <SkImage.h>
+#include <SkRuntimeEffect.h>
+#include <SkSurface.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace skia {
+
+/**
+ * This is an implementation of a Kawase blur, as described in here:
+ * https://community.arm.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-blogs-components-weblogfiles/
+ * 00-00-00-20-66/siggraph2015_2D00_mmg_2D00_marius_2D00_notes.pdf
+ */
+class KawaseBlurFilter: public BlurFilter {
+public:
+    // Maximum number of render passes
+    static constexpr uint32_t kMaxPasses = 4;
+
+    explicit KawaseBlurFilter();
+    virtual ~KawaseBlurFilter(){}
+
+    // Execute blur, saving it to a texture
+    sk_sp<SkImage> generate(GrRecordingContext* context, const uint32_t radius,
+                            const sk_sp<SkImage> blurInput, const SkRect& blurRect) const override;
+
+private:
+    sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> mBlurEffect;
+};
+
+} // namespace skia
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.cpp
index fc45af9..36305ae 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.cpp
@@ -19,423 +19,19 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include <SkString.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <shaders/shaders.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
-#include <optional>
-
-#include "log/log.h"
-#include "math/mat4.h"
-#include "system/graphics-base-v1.0.h"
-#include "ui/ColorSpace.h"
+#include <math/mat4.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-static void generateEOTF(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkString& shader) {
-    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
-                    float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
-                    float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
-                    float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
-                    float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-                    float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-
-                    float3 tmp = pow(clamp(color, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0 / float3(m2));
-                    tmp = max(tmp - c1, 0.0) / (c2 - c3 * tmp);
-                    return pow(tmp, 1.0 / float3(m1));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float EOTF_channel(float channel) {
-                    const float a = 0.17883277;
-                    const float b = 0.28466892;
-                    const float c = 0.55991073;
-                    return channel <= 0.5 ? channel * channel / 3.0 :
-                            (exp((channel - c) / a) + b) / 12.0;
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_channel(color.r), EOTF_channel(color.g),
-                            EOTF_channel(color.b));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
-                    return color;
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB:
-        default:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
-                    return srgb <= 0.04045 ? srgb / 12.92 : pow((srgb + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
-                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
-                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-static void generateXYZTransforms(SkString& shader) {
-    shader.append(R"(
-        uniform float4x4 in_rgbToXyz;
-        uniform float4x4 in_xyzToRgb;
-        float3 ToXYZ(float3 rgb) {
-            return clamp((in_rgbToXyz * float4(rgb, 1.0)).rgb, 0.0, 1.0);
-        }
-
-        float3 ToRGB(float3 xyz) {
-            return clamp((in_xyzToRgb * float4(xyz, 1.0)).rgb, 0.0, 1.0);
-        }
-    )");
-}
-
-// Conversion from relative light to absolute light (maps from [0, 1] to [0, maxNits])
-static void generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace, SkString& shader) {
-    switch (inputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz * 10000.0;
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz * 1000.0 * pow(xyz.y, 0.2);
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
-        default:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz * in_inputMaxLuminance;
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-static void generateToneMapInterpolation(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace,
-                                         ui::Dataspace outputDataspace, SkString& shader) {
-    switch (inputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            switch (outputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-                    shader.append(R"(
-                            float3 ToneMap(float3 xyz) {
-                                return xyz;
-                            }
-                        )");
-                    break;
-                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-                    // PQ has a wider luminance range (10,000 nits vs. 1,000 nits) than HLG, so
-                    // we'll clamp the luminance range in case we're mapping from PQ input to HLG
-                    // output.
-                    shader.append(R"(
-                            float3 ToneMap(float3 xyz) {
-                                return clamp(xyz, 0.0, 1000.0);
-                            }
-                        )");
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    // Here we're mapping from HDR to SDR content, so interpolate using a Hermitian
-                    // polynomial onto the smaller luminance range.
-                    shader.append(R"(
-                            float3 ToneMap(float3 xyz) {
-                                float maxInLumi = in_inputMaxLuminance;
-                                float maxOutLumi = in_displayMaxLuminance;
-
-                                float nits = xyz.y;
-
-                                // if the max input luminance is less than what we can output then
-                                // no tone mapping is needed as all color values will be in range.
-                                if (maxInLumi <= maxOutLumi) {
-                                    return xyz;
-                                } else {
-
-                                    // three control points
-                                    const float x0 = 10.0;
-                                    const float y0 = 17.0;
-                                    float x1 = maxOutLumi * 0.75;
-                                    float y1 = x1;
-                                    float x2 = x1 + (maxInLumi - x1) / 2.0;
-                                    float y2 = y1 + (maxOutLumi - y1) * 0.75;
-
-                                    // horizontal distances between the last three control points
-                                    float h12 = x2 - x1;
-                                    float h23 = maxInLumi - x2;
-                                    // tangents at the last three control points
-                                    float m1 = (y2 - y1) / h12;
-                                    float m3 = (maxOutLumi - y2) / h23;
-                                    float m2 = (m1 + m3) / 2.0;
-
-                                    if (nits < x0) {
-                                        // scale [0.0, x0] to [0.0, y0] linearly
-                                        float slope = y0 / x0;
-                                        return xyz * slope;
-                                    } else if (nits < x1) {
-                                        // scale [x0, x1] to [y0, y1] linearly
-                                        float slope = (y1 - y0) / (x1 - x0);
-                                        nits = y0 + (nits - x0) * slope;
-                                    } else if (nits < x2) {
-                                        // scale [x1, x2] to [y1, y2] using Hermite interp
-                                        float t = (nits - x1) / h12;
-                                        nits = (y1 * (1.0 + 2.0 * t) + h12 * m1 * t) * (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) +
-                                                (y2 * (3.0 - 2.0 * t) + h12 * m2 * (t - 1.0)) * t * t;
-                                    } else {
-                                        // scale [x2, maxInLumi] to [y2, maxOutLumi] using Hermite interp
-                                        float t = (nits - x2) / h23;
-                                        nits = (y2 * (1.0 + 2.0 * t) + h23 * m2 * t) * (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) +
-                                                (maxOutLumi * (3.0 - 2.0 * t) + h23 * m3 * (t - 1.0)) * t * t;
-                                    }
-                                }
-
-                                // color.y is greater than x0 and is thus non-zero
-                                return xyz * (nits / xyz.y);
-                            }
-                        )");
-                    break;
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            switch (outputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-                    // Map from SDR onto an HDR output buffer
-                    // Here we use a polynomial curve to map from [0, displayMaxLuminance] onto
-                    // [0, maxOutLumi] which is hard-coded to be 3000 nits.
-                    shader.append(R"(
-                            float3 ToneMap(float3 xyz) {
-                                const float maxOutLumi = 3000.0;
-
-                                const float x0 = 5.0;
-                                const float y0 = 2.5;
-                                float x1 = in_displayMaxLuminance * 0.7;
-                                float y1 = maxOutLumi * 0.15;
-                                float x2 = in_displayMaxLuminance * 0.9;
-                                float y2 = maxOutLumi * 0.45;
-                                float x3 = in_displayMaxLuminance;
-                                float y3 = maxOutLumi;
-
-                                float c1 = y1 / 3.0;
-                                float c2 = y2 / 2.0;
-                                float c3 = y3 / 1.5;
-
-                                float nits = xyz.y;
-
-                                if (nits <= x0) {
-                                    // scale [0.0, x0] to [0.0, y0] linearly
-                                    float slope = y0 / x0;
-                                    return xyz * slope;
-                                } else if (nits <= x1) {
-                                    // scale [x0, x1] to [y0, y1] using a curve
-                                    float t = (nits - x0) / (x1 - x0);
-                                    nits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y0 + 2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c1 + t * t * y1;
-                                } else if (nits <= x2) {
-                                    // scale [x1, x2] to [y1, y2] using a curve
-                                    float t = (nits - x1) / (x2 - x1);
-                                    nits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y1 + 2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c2 + t * t * y2;
-                                } else {
-                                    // scale [x2, x3] to [y2, y3] using a curve
-                                    float t = (nits - x2) / (x3 - x2);
-                                    nits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y2 + 2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c3 + t * t * y3;
-                                }
-
-                                // xyz.y is greater than x0 and is thus non-zero
-                                return xyz * (nits / xyz.y);
-                            }
-                        )");
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    // For completeness, this is tone-mapping from SDR to SDR, where this is just a
-                    // no-op.
-                    shader.append(R"(
-                            float3 ToneMap(float3 xyz) {
-                                return xyz;
-                            }
-                        )");
-                    break;
-            }
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-// Normalizes from absolute light back to relative light (maps from [0, maxNits] back to [0, 1])
-static void generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(ui::Dataspace outputDataspace, SkString& shader) {
-    switch (outputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz / 10000.0;
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz / 1000.0 * pow(xyz.y / 1000.0, -0.2 / 1.2);
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
-        default:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
-                        return xyz / in_displayMaxLuminance;
-                    }
-                )");
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-static void generateOOTF(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
-                         SkString& shader) {
-    // Input uniforms
-    shader.append(R"(
-            uniform float in_displayMaxLuminance;
-            uniform float in_inputMaxLuminance;
-        )");
-
-    generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(inputDataspace, shader);
-    generateToneMapInterpolation(inputDataspace, outputDataspace, shader);
-    generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(outputDataspace, shader);
-
-    shader.append(R"(
-            float3 OOTF(float3 xyz) {
-                return NormalizeLuminance(ToneMap(ScaleLuminance(xyz)));
-            }
-        )");
-}
-
-static void generateOETF(ui::Dataspace dataspace, SkString& shader) {
-    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
-            shader.append(R"(
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 xyz) {
-                    float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
-                    float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
-                    float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
-                    float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-                    float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
-
-                    float3 tmp = pow(xyz, float3(m1));
-                    tmp = (c1 + c2 * tmp) / (1.0 + c3 * tmp);
-                    return pow(tmp, float3(m2));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_channel(float channel) {
-                    const float a = 0.17883277;
-                    const float b = 0.28466892;
-                    const float c = 0.55991073;
-                    return channel <= 1.0 / 12.0 ? sqrt(3.0 * channel) :
-                            a * log(12.0 * channel - b) + c;
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_channel(linear.r), OETF_channel(linear.g),
-                            OETF_channel(linear.b));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return linear;
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB:
-        default:
-            shader.append(R"(
-                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
-                    return linear <= 0.0031308 ?
-                            linear * 12.92 : (pow(linear, 1.0 / 2.4) * 1.055) - 0.055;
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
-                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
-                }
-
-                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
-                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
-                }
-            )");
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-static void generateEffectiveOOTF(bool undoPremultipliedAlpha, SkString& shader) {
-    shader.append(R"(
-        uniform shader input;
-        half4 main(float2 xy) {
-            float4 c = float4(sample(input, xy));
-    )");
-    if (undoPremultipliedAlpha) {
-        shader.append(R"(
-            c.rgb = c.rgb / (c.a + 0.0019);
-        )");
-    }
-    shader.append(R"(
-        c.rgb = OETF(ToRGB(OOTF(ToXYZ(EOTF(c.rgb)))));
-    )");
-    if (undoPremultipliedAlpha) {
-        shader.append(R"(
-            c.rgb = c.rgb * (c.a + 0.0019);
-        )");
-    }
-    shader.append(R"(
-            return c;
-        }
-    )");
-}
-static ColorSpace toColorSpace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
-    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK) {
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709:
-            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3:
-            return ColorSpace::DisplayP3();
-            break;
-        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020:
-            return ColorSpace::BT2020();
-            break;
-        default:
-            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> buildRuntimeEffect(const LinearEffect& linearEffect) {
+sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> buildRuntimeEffect(const shaders::LinearEffect& linearEffect) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    SkString shaderString;
-    generateEOTF(linearEffect.inputDataspace, shaderString);
-    generateXYZTransforms(shaderString);
-    generateOOTF(linearEffect.inputDataspace, linearEffect.outputDataspace, shaderString);
-    generateOETF(linearEffect.outputDataspace, shaderString);
-    generateEffectiveOOTF(linearEffect.undoPremultipliedAlpha, shaderString);
+    SkString shaderString = SkString(shaders::buildLinearEffectSkSL(linearEffect));
 
     auto [shader, error] = SkRuntimeEffect::MakeForShader(shaderString);
     if (!shader) {
@@ -444,32 +40,23 @@
     return shader;
 }
 
-sk_sp<SkShader> createLinearEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader, const LinearEffect& linearEffect,
+sk_sp<SkShader> createLinearEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> shader,
+                                         const shaders::LinearEffect& linearEffect,
                                          sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> runtimeEffect,
                                          const mat4& colorTransform, float maxDisplayLuminance,
                                          float maxLuminance) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     SkRuntimeShaderBuilder effectBuilder(runtimeEffect);
 
-    effectBuilder.child("input") = shader;
+    effectBuilder.child("child") = shader;
 
-    if (linearEffect.inputDataspace == linearEffect.outputDataspace) {
-        effectBuilder.uniform("in_rgbToXyz") = mat4();
-        effectBuilder.uniform("in_xyzToRgb") = colorTransform;
-    } else {
-        ColorSpace inputColorSpace = toColorSpace(linearEffect.inputDataspace);
-        ColorSpace outputColorSpace = toColorSpace(linearEffect.outputDataspace);
+    const auto uniforms = shaders::buildLinearEffectUniforms(linearEffect, colorTransform,
+                                                             maxDisplayLuminance, maxLuminance);
 
-        effectBuilder.uniform("in_rgbToXyz") = mat4(inputColorSpace.getRGBtoXYZ());
-        effectBuilder.uniform("in_xyzToRgb") =
-                colorTransform * mat4(outputColorSpace.getXYZtoRGB());
+    for (const auto& uniform : uniforms) {
+        effectBuilder.uniform(uniform.name.c_str()).set(uniform.value.data(), uniform.value.size());
     }
 
-    effectBuilder.uniform("in_displayMaxLuminance") = maxDisplayLuminance;
-    // If the input luminance is unknown, use display luminance (aka, no-op any luminance changes)
-    // This will be the case for eg screenshots in addition to uncalibrated displays
-    effectBuilder.uniform("in_inputMaxLuminance") =
-            maxLuminance > 0 ? maxLuminance : maxDisplayLuminance;
     return effectBuilder.makeShader(nullptr, false);
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h
index 14a3b61..8eb6670 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/LinearEffect.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <optional>
 
+#include <shaders/shaders.h>
 #include "SkRuntimeEffect.h"
 #include "SkShader.h"
 #include "ui/GraphicTypes.h"
@@ -28,61 +29,7 @@
 namespace renderengine {
 namespace skia {
 
-/**
- * Arguments for creating an effect that applies color transformations in linear XYZ space.
- * A linear effect is decomposed into the following steps when operating on an image:
- * 1. Electrical-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) maps the input RGB signal into the intended
- * relative display brightness of the scene in nits for each RGB channel
- * 2. Transformation matrix from linear RGB brightness to linear XYZ, to operate on display
- * luminance.
- * 3. Opto-Optical Transfer Function (OOTF) applies a "rendering intent". This can include tone
- * mapping to display SDR content alongside HDR content, or any number of subjective transformations
- * 4. Transformation matrix from linear XYZ back to linear RGB brightness.
- * 5. Opto-Electronic Transfer Function (OETF) maps the display brightness of the scene back to
- * output RGB colors.
- *
- * For further reading, consult the recommendation in ITU-R BT.2390-4:
- * https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-BT.2390-4-2018-PDF-E.pdf
- *
- * Skia normally attempts to do its own simple tone mapping, i.e., the working color space is
- * intended to be the output surface. However, Skia does not support complex tone mapping such as
- * polynomial interpolation. As such, this filter assumes that tone mapping has not yet been applied
- * to the source colors. so that the tone mapping process is only applied once by this effect. Tone
- * mapping is applied when presenting HDR content (content with HLG or PQ transfer functions)
- * alongside other content, whereby maximum input luminance is mapped to maximum output luminance
- * and intermediate values are interpolated.
- */
-struct LinearEffect {
-    // Input dataspace of the source colors.
-    const ui::Dataspace inputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
-
-    // Working dataspace for the output surface, for conversion from linear space.
-    const ui::Dataspace outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
-
-    // Sets whether alpha premultiplication must be undone.
-    // This is required if the source colors use premultiplied alpha and is not opaque.
-    const bool undoPremultipliedAlpha = false;
-};
-
-static inline bool operator==(const LinearEffect& lhs, const LinearEffect& rhs) {
-    return lhs.inputDataspace == rhs.inputDataspace && lhs.outputDataspace == rhs.outputDataspace &&
-            lhs.undoPremultipliedAlpha == rhs.undoPremultipliedAlpha;
-}
-
-struct LinearEffectHasher {
-    // Inspired by art/runtime/class_linker.cc
-    // Also this is what boost:hash_combine does
-    static size_t HashCombine(size_t seed, size_t val) {
-        return seed ^ (val + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2));
-    }
-    size_t operator()(const LinearEffect& le) const {
-        size_t result = std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.inputDataspace);
-        result = HashCombine(result, std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.outputDataspace));
-        return HashCombine(result, std::hash<bool>{}(le.undoPremultipliedAlpha));
-    }
-};
-
-sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> buildRuntimeEffect(const LinearEffect& linearEffect);
+sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> buildRuntimeEffect(const shaders::LinearEffect& linearEffect);
 
 // Generates a shader resulting from applying the a linear effect created from
 // LinearEffectArgs::buildEffect to an inputShader.
@@ -93,7 +40,7 @@
 // * The max luminance is provided as the max luminance for the buffer, either from the SMPTE 2086
 // or as the max light level from the CTA 861.3 standard.
 sk_sp<SkShader> createLinearEffectShader(sk_sp<SkShader> inputShader,
-                                         const LinearEffect& linearEffect,
+                                         const shaders::LinearEffect& linearEffect,
                                          sk_sp<SkRuntimeEffect> runtimeEffect,
                                          const mat4& colorTransform, float maxDisplayLuminance,
                                          float maxLuminance);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/StretchShaderFactory.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/StretchShaderFactory.cpp
index 4ac5c40..c262e35 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/StretchShaderFactory.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/filters/StretchShaderFactory.cpp
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
         );
         coord.x = (outU - uScrollX) * viewportWidth;
         coord.y = (outV - uScrollY) * viewportHeight;
-        return sample(uContentTexture, coord);
+        return uContentTexture.eval(coord);
     })");
 
 const float INTERPOLATION_STRENGTH_VALUE = 0.7f;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp
index d0e19dd..a426850 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "librenderengine_test",
-    defaults: ["skia_deps", "surfaceflinger_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "skia_deps",
+        "surfaceflinger_defaults",
+    ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     srcs: [
         "RenderEngineTest.cpp",
@@ -36,6 +39,8 @@
         "libgmock",
         "librenderengine",
         "librenderengine_mocks",
+        "libshaders",
+        "libtonemap",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
index 33e3773..8259063 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <system/graphics-base-v1.0.h>
+#include <tonemap/tonemap.h>
+#include <ui/ColorSpace.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -282,6 +285,13 @@
 
     void expectBufferColor(const Rect& rect, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t a,
                            uint8_t tolerance = 0) {
+        auto generator = [=](Point) { return ubyte4(r, g, b, a); };
+        expectBufferColor(rect, generator, tolerance);
+    }
+
+    using ColorGenerator = std::function<ubyte4(Point location)>;
+
+    void expectBufferColor(const Rect& rect, ColorGenerator generator, uint8_t tolerance = 0) {
         auto colorCompare = [tolerance](const uint8_t* colorA, const uint8_t* colorB) {
             auto colorBitCompare = [tolerance](uint8_t a, uint8_t b) {
                 uint8_t tmp = a >= b ? a - b : b - a;
@@ -290,10 +300,10 @@
             return std::equal(colorA, colorA + 4, colorB, colorBitCompare);
         };
 
-        expectBufferColor(rect, r, g, b, a, colorCompare);
+        expectBufferColor(rect, generator, colorCompare);
     }
 
-    void expectBufferColor(const Rect& region, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t a,
+    void expectBufferColor(const Rect& region, ColorGenerator generator,
                            std::function<bool(const uint8_t* a, const uint8_t* b)> colorCompare) {
         uint8_t* pixels;
         mBuffer->getBuffer()->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN,
@@ -304,19 +314,22 @@
             const uint8_t* src = pixels +
                     (mBuffer->getBuffer()->getStride() * (region.top + j) + region.left) * 4;
             for (int32_t i = 0; i < region.getWidth(); i++) {
-                const uint8_t expected[4] = {r, g, b, a};
-                bool equal = colorCompare(src, expected);
-                EXPECT_TRUE(equal)
+                const auto location = Point(region.left + i, region.top + j);
+                const ubyte4 colors = generator(location);
+                const uint8_t expected[4] = {colors.r, colors.g, colors.b, colors.a};
+                bool colorMatches = colorCompare(src, expected);
+                EXPECT_TRUE(colorMatches)
                         << GetParam()->name().c_str() << ": "
-                        << "pixel @ (" << region.left + i << ", " << region.top + j << "): "
-                        << "expected (" << static_cast<uint32_t>(r) << ", "
-                        << static_cast<uint32_t>(g) << ", " << static_cast<uint32_t>(b) << ", "
-                        << static_cast<uint32_t>(a) << "), "
+                        << "pixel @ (" << location.x << ", " << location.y << "): "
+                        << "expected (" << static_cast<uint32_t>(colors.r) << ", "
+                        << static_cast<uint32_t>(colors.g) << ", "
+                        << static_cast<uint32_t>(colors.b) << ", "
+                        << static_cast<uint32_t>(colors.a) << "), "
                         << "got (" << static_cast<uint32_t>(src[0]) << ", "
                         << static_cast<uint32_t>(src[1]) << ", " << static_cast<uint32_t>(src[2])
                         << ", " << static_cast<uint32_t>(src[3]) << ")";
                 src += 4;
-                if (!equal && ++fails >= maxFails) {
+                if (!colorMatches && ++fails >= maxFails) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -328,10 +341,11 @@
     }
 
     void expectAlpha(const Rect& rect, uint8_t a) {
+        auto generator = [=](Point) { return ubyte4(0, 0, 0, a); };
         auto colorCompare = [](const uint8_t* colorA, const uint8_t* colorB) {
             return colorA[3] == colorB[3];
         };
-        expectBufferColor(rect, 0.0f /* r */, 0.0f /*g */, 0.0f /* b */, a, colorCompare);
+        expectBufferColor(rect, generator, colorCompare);
     }
 
     void expectShadowColor(const renderengine::LayerSettings& castingLayer,
@@ -417,19 +431,19 @@
                     DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT - DEFAULT_DISPLAY_OFFSET);
     }
 
-    void invokeDraw(renderengine::DisplaySettings settings,
-                    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers) {
-        base::unique_fd fence;
-        status_t status =
-                mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd(), &fence);
+    void invokeDraw(const renderengine::DisplaySettings& settings,
+                    const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers) {
+        std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> result =
+                mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd());
 
-        int fd = fence.release();
-        if (fd >= 0) {
-            sync_wait(fd, -1);
-            close(fd);
-        }
+        ASSERT_TRUE(result.valid());
+        auto [status, fence] = result.get();
 
         ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
+        if (fence.ok()) {
+            sync_wait(fence.get(), -1);
+        }
+
         if (layers.size() > 0 && mGLESRE != nullptr) {
             ASSERT_TRUE(mGLESRE->isFramebufferImageCachedForTesting(mBuffer->getBuffer()->getId()));
         }
@@ -437,7 +451,7 @@
 
     void drawEmptyLayers() {
         renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
-        std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+        std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
         invokeDraw(settings, layers);
     }
 
@@ -490,6 +504,18 @@
     void fillBufferColorTransform();
 
     template <typename SourceVariant>
+    void fillBufferWithColorTransformAndSourceDataspace(const ui::Dataspace sourceDataspace);
+
+    template <typename SourceVariant>
+    void fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace();
+
+    template <typename SourceVariant>
+    void fillBufferWithColorTransformAndOutputDataspace(const ui::Dataspace outputDataspace);
+
+    template <typename SourceVariant>
+    void fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace();
+
+    template <typename SourceVariant>
     void fillBufferWithColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha();
 
     template <typename SourceVariant>
@@ -524,10 +550,6 @@
 
     void fillGreenColorBufferThenClearRegion();
 
-    void clearLeftRegion();
-
-    void clearRegion();
-
     template <typename SourceVariant>
     void drawShadow(const renderengine::LayerSettings& castingLayer,
                     const renderengine::ShadowSettings& shadow, const ubyte4& casterColor,
@@ -634,7 +656,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -642,7 +664,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, r, g, b, this);
     layer.alpha = a;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -678,7 +700,7 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = offsetRect();
     settings.clip = offsetRectAtZero();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -686,7 +708,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
 
@@ -713,7 +735,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(2, 2);
     settings.orientation = orientationFlag;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layerOne;
     layerOne.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -736,9 +758,9 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layerThree, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, this);
     layerThree.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layerOne);
-    layers.push_back(&layerTwo);
-    layers.push_back(&layerThree);
+    layers.push_back(layerOne);
+    layers.push_back(layerTwo);
+    layers.push_back(layerThree);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -815,7 +837,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(2, 2);
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -826,7 +848,7 @@
     layer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -848,7 +870,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -865,7 +887,37 @@
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
+
+    invokeDraw(settings, layers);
+}
+
+template <typename SourceVariant>
+void RenderEngineTest::fillBufferWithColorTransformAndSourceDataspace(
+        const ui::Dataspace sourceDataspace) {
+    renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
+    settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
+    settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
+    settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
+
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
+
+    renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
+    layer.sourceDataspace = sourceDataspace;
+    layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
+    SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, 0.5f, 0.25f, 0.125f, this);
+    layer.alpha = 1.0f;
+
+    // construct a fake color matrix
+    // annihilate green and blue channels
+    settings.colorTransform = mat4::scale(vec4(0.9f, 0, 0, 1));
+    // set red channel to red + green
+    layer.colorTransform = mat4(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
+
+    layer.alpha = 1.0f;
+    layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
+
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -877,12 +929,74 @@
 }
 
 template <typename SourceVariant>
+void RenderEngineTest::fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace() {
+    unordered_map<ui::Dataspace, ubyte4> dataspaceToColorMap;
+    dataspaceToColorMap[ui::Dataspace::V0_BT709] = {172, 0, 0, 255};
+    dataspaceToColorMap[ui::Dataspace::BT2020] = {172, 0, 0, 255};
+    dataspaceToColorMap[ui::Dataspace::ADOBE_RGB] = {172, 0, 0, 255};
+    ui::Dataspace customizedDataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(
+            ui::Dataspace::STANDARD_BT709 | ui::Dataspace::TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2 |
+            ui::Dataspace::RANGE_FULL);
+    dataspaceToColorMap[customizedDataspace] = {172, 0, 0, 255};
+    for (const auto& [sourceDataspace, color] : dataspaceToColorMap) {
+        fillBufferWithColorTransformAndSourceDataspace<SourceVariant>(sourceDataspace);
+        expectBufferColor(fullscreenRect(), color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename SourceVariant>
+void RenderEngineTest::fillBufferWithColorTransformAndOutputDataspace(
+        const ui::Dataspace outputDataspace) {
+    renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
+    settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
+    settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
+    settings.outputDataspace = outputDataspace;
+
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
+
+    renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
+    layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SCRGB_LINEAR;
+    layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
+    SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, 0.5f, 0.25f, 0.125f, this);
+    layer.alpha = 1.0f;
+
+    // construct a fake color matrix
+    // annihilate green and blue channels
+    settings.colorTransform = mat4::scale(vec4(0.9f, 0, 0, 1));
+    // set red channel to red + green
+    layer.colorTransform = mat4(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
+
+    layer.alpha = 1.0f;
+    layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
+
+    layers.push_back(layer);
+
+    invokeDraw(settings, layers);
+}
+
+template <typename SourceVariant>
+void RenderEngineTest::fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace() {
+    unordered_map<ui::Dataspace, ubyte4> dataspaceToColorMap;
+    dataspaceToColorMap[ui::Dataspace::V0_BT709] = {202, 0, 0, 255};
+    dataspaceToColorMap[ui::Dataspace::BT2020] = {192, 0, 0, 255};
+    dataspaceToColorMap[ui::Dataspace::ADOBE_RGB] = {202, 0, 0, 255};
+    ui::Dataspace customizedDataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(
+            ui::Dataspace::STANDARD_BT709 | ui::Dataspace::TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6 |
+            ui::Dataspace::RANGE_FULL);
+    dataspaceToColorMap[customizedDataspace] = {202, 0, 0, 255};
+    for (const auto& [outputDataspace, color] : dataspaceToColorMap) {
+        fillBufferWithColorTransformAndOutputDataspace<SourceVariant>(outputDataspace);
+        expectBufferColor(fullscreenRect(), color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename SourceVariant>
 void RenderEngineTest::fillBufferWithColorTransformZeroLayerAlpha() {
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
@@ -895,7 +1009,7 @@
 
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -913,7 +1027,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -923,7 +1037,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -954,14 +1068,14 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings backgroundLayer;
     backgroundLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     backgroundLayer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     SourceVariant::fillColor(backgroundLayer, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, this);
     backgroundLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&backgroundLayer);
+    layers.emplace_back(backgroundLayer);
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings leftLayer;
     leftLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -969,7 +1083,7 @@
             Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT).toFloatRect();
     SourceVariant::fillColor(leftLayer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     leftLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&leftLayer);
+    layers.emplace_back(leftLayer);
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings blurLayer;
     blurLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -977,7 +1091,7 @@
     blurLayer.backgroundBlurRadius = blurRadius;
     SourceVariant::fillColor(blurLayer, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, this);
     blurLayer.alpha = 0;
-    layers.push_back(&blurLayer);
+    layers.emplace_back(blurLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -999,14 +1113,14 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings backgroundLayer;
     backgroundLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     backgroundLayer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     SourceVariant::fillColor(backgroundLayer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     backgroundLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&backgroundLayer);
+    layers.push_back(backgroundLayer);
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings blurLayer;
     blurLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1014,7 +1128,7 @@
     blurLayer.backgroundBlurRadius = blurRadius;
     SourceVariant::fillColor(blurLayer, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, this);
     blurLayer.alpha = 0;
-    layers.push_back(&blurLayer);
+    layers.push_back(blurLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1031,7 +1145,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layersFirst;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layersFirst;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layerOne;
     layerOne.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1040,14 +1154,14 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layerOne, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layerOne.alpha = 0.2;
 
-    layersFirst.push_back(&layerOne);
+    layersFirst.push_back(layerOne);
     invokeDraw(settings, layersFirst);
     expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3), 51, 0, 0, 51);
     expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3 + 1, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3 + 1,
                            DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                       0, 0, 0, 0);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layersSecond;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layersSecond;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layerTwo;
     layerTwo.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     layerTwo.geometry.boundaries =
@@ -1056,7 +1170,7 @@
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layerTwo, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layerTwo.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layersSecond.push_back(&layerTwo);
+    layersSecond.push_back(layerTwo);
     invokeDraw(settings, layersSecond);
 
     expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3), 0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -1071,7 +1185,7 @@
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1103,11 +1217,11 @@
     layer.source.buffer.buffer = buf;
     layer.source.buffer.textureName = texName;
     // Transform coordinates to only be inside the red quadrant.
-    layer.source.buffer.textureTransform = mat4::scale(vec4(0.2, 0.2, 1, 1));
+    layer.source.buffer.textureTransform = mat4::scale(vec4(0.2f, 0.2f, 1.f, 1.f));
     layer.alpha = 1.0f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1123,7 +1237,7 @@
     // Here logical space is 1x1
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     const auto buf = allocateSourceBuffer(1, 1);
@@ -1146,7 +1260,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 0.5f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1162,7 +1276,7 @@
     // Here logical space is 1x1
     settings.clip = Rect(1, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     const auto buf = allocateSourceBuffer(1, 1);
@@ -1185,7 +1299,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 0.5f;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = Rect(1, 1).toFloatRect();
 
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1195,28 +1309,6 @@
     expectBufferColor(fullscreenRect(), 128, 0, 0, 128, 1);
 }
 
-void RenderEngineTest::clearLeftRegion() {
-    renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
-    settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
-    // Here logical space is 4x4
-    settings.clip = Rect(4, 4);
-    settings.clearRegion = Region(Rect(2, 4));
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
-    // fake layer, without bounds should not render anything
-    renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
-    invokeDraw(settings, layers);
-}
-
-void RenderEngineTest::clearRegion() {
-    // Reuse mBuffer
-    clearLeftRegion();
-    expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT), 0, 0, 0, 255);
-    expectBufferColor(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2, 0, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH,
-                           DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
-                      0, 0, 0, 0);
-}
-
 template <typename SourceVariant>
 void RenderEngineTest::drawShadow(const renderengine::LayerSettings& castingLayer,
                                   const renderengine::ShadowSettings& shadow,
@@ -1226,7 +1318,7 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     // add background layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings bgLayer;
@@ -1235,7 +1327,7 @@
     ColorSourceVariant::fillColor(bgLayer, backgroundColor.r / 255.0f, backgroundColor.g / 255.0f,
                                   backgroundColor.b / 255.0f, this);
     bgLayer.alpha = backgroundColor.a / 255.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&bgLayer);
+    layers.push_back(bgLayer);
 
     // add shadow layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings shadowLayer;
@@ -1243,14 +1335,14 @@
     shadowLayer.geometry.boundaries = castingLayer.geometry.boundaries;
     shadowLayer.alpha = castingLayer.alpha;
     shadowLayer.shadow = shadow;
-    layers.push_back(&shadowLayer);
+    layers.push_back(shadowLayer);
 
     // add layer casting the shadow
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer = castingLayer;
     layer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
     SourceVariant::fillColor(layer, casterColor.r / 255.0f, casterColor.g / 255.0f,
                              casterColor.b / 255.0f, this);
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1263,7 +1355,7 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     // add background layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings bgLayer;
@@ -1272,7 +1364,7 @@
     ColorSourceVariant::fillColor(bgLayer, backgroundColor.r / 255.0f, backgroundColor.g / 255.0f,
                                   backgroundColor.b / 255.0f, this);
     bgLayer.alpha = backgroundColor.a / 255.0f;
-    layers.push_back(&bgLayer);
+    layers.push_back(bgLayer);
 
     // add shadow layer
     renderengine::LayerSettings shadowLayer;
@@ -1282,7 +1374,7 @@
     shadowLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
     ColorSourceVariant::fillColor(shadowLayer, 0, 0, 0, this);
     shadowLayer.shadow = shadow;
-    layers.push_back(&shadowLayer);
+    layers.push_back(shadowLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 }
@@ -1307,7 +1399,8 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
     // 255, 255, 255, 255 is full opaque white.
-    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(255.f, 255.f, 255.f, 255.f);
+    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255),
+                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
     // Create layer with given color.
     renderengine::LayerSettings bgLayer;
     bgLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1318,8 +1411,8 @@
     // Transform the red color.
     bgLayer.colorTransform = mat4(-1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
-    layers.push_back(&bgLayer);
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
+    layers.push_back(bgLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1333,35 +1426,18 @@
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
-    base::unique_fd fence;
-    status_t status = mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, nullptr, true, base::unique_fd(), &fence);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
+    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> result =
+            mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, nullptr, true, base::unique_fd());
 
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.valid());
+    auto [status, fence] = result.get();
     ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, status);
-}
-
-TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_nullOutputFence) {
-    initializeRenderEngine();
-
-    renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
-    settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
-    settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
-    settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
-
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
-    renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
-    layer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
-    BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
-    layer.alpha = 1.0;
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
-
-    status_t status = mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
-    expectBufferColor(fullscreenRect(), 255, 0, 0, 255);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(fence.ok());
 }
 
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_doesNotCacheFramebuffer) {
@@ -1379,15 +1455,23 @@
     settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0;
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
-    status_t status = mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, false, base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> result =
+            mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, false, base::unique_fd());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.valid());
+    auto [status, fence] = result.get();
+
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
+    if (fence.ok()) {
+        sync_wait(fence.get(), -1);
+    }
+
     ASSERT_FALSE(mGLESRE->isFramebufferImageCachedForTesting(mBuffer->getBuffer()->getId()));
     expectBufferColor(fullscreenRect(), 255, 0, 0, 255);
 }
@@ -1447,6 +1531,36 @@
     fillBufferColorTransform<ColorSourceVariant>();
 }
 
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransform_sourceDataspace) {
+    const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
+    // skip for non color management
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // skip for GLESRenderEngine
+    if (renderEngineFactory->type() != renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+    fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace<ColorSourceVariant>();
+}
+
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransform_outputDataspace) {
+    const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
+    // skip for non color management
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // skip for GLESRenderEngine
+    if (renderEngineFactory->type() != renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+    fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace<ColorSourceVariant>();
+}
+
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferRoundedCorners_colorSource) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithRoundedCorners<ColorSourceVariant>();
@@ -1527,6 +1641,36 @@
     fillBufferColorTransform<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
+    // skip for non color management
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // skip for GLESRenderEngine
+    if (renderEngineFactory->type() != renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+    fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
+}
+
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace_opaqueBufferSource) {
+    const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
+    // skip for non color management
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // skip for GLESRenderEngine
+    if (renderEngineFactory->type() != renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+    fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
+}
+
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferRoundedCorners_opaqueBufferSource) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithRoundedCorners<BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
@@ -1607,6 +1751,36 @@
     fillBufferColorTransform<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
 }
 
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace_bufferSource) {
+    const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
+    // skip for non color management
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // skip for GLESRenderEngine
+    if (renderEngineFactory->type() != renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+    fillBufferColorTransformAndSourceDataspace<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
+}
+
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace_bufferSource) {
+    const auto& renderEngineFactory = GetParam();
+    // skip for non color management
+    if (!renderEngineFactory->useColorManagement()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // skip for GLESRenderEngine
+    if (renderEngineFactory->type() != renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+    fillBufferColorTransformAndOutputDataspace<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
+}
+
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillBufferRoundedCorners_bufferSource) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
     fillBufferWithRoundedCorners<BufferSourceVariant<RelaxOpaqueBufferVariant>>();
@@ -1647,15 +1821,11 @@
     fillBufferWithoutPremultiplyAlpha();
 }
 
-TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_clearRegion) {
-    initializeRenderEngine();
-    clearRegion();
-}
-
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_castsWithoutCasterLayer) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
-    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(255, 255, 255, 255);
+    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255),
+                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
     const float shadowLength = 5.0f;
     Rect casterBounds(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3.0f, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3.0f);
     casterBounds.offsetBy(shadowLength + 1, shadowLength + 1);
@@ -1670,8 +1840,10 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterLayerMinSize) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
-    const ubyte4 casterColor(255, 0, 0, 255);
-    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(255, 255, 255, 255);
+    const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
+                             static_cast<uint8_t>(0), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
+    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255),
+                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
     const float shadowLength = 5.0f;
     Rect casterBounds(1, 1);
     casterBounds.offsetBy(shadowLength + 1, shadowLength + 1);
@@ -1689,8 +1861,10 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterColorLayer) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
-    const ubyte4 casterColor(255, 0, 0, 255);
-    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(255, 255, 255, 255);
+    const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
+                             static_cast<uint8_t>(0), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
+    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255),
+                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
     const float shadowLength = 5.0f;
     Rect casterBounds(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3.0f, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3.0f);
     casterBounds.offsetBy(shadowLength + 1, shadowLength + 1);
@@ -1709,8 +1883,10 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterOpaqueBufferLayer) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
-    const ubyte4 casterColor(255, 0, 0, 255);
-    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(255, 255, 255, 255);
+    const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
+                             static_cast<uint8_t>(0), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
+    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255),
+                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
     const float shadowLength = 5.0f;
     Rect casterBounds(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3.0f, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3.0f);
     casterBounds.offsetBy(shadowLength + 1, shadowLength + 1);
@@ -1730,8 +1906,10 @@
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, drawLayers_fillShadow_casterWithRoundedCorner) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
-    const ubyte4 casterColor(255, 0, 0, 255);
-    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(255, 255, 255, 255);
+    const ubyte4 casterColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(0),
+                             static_cast<uint8_t>(0), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
+    const ubyte4 backgroundColor(static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255),
+                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(255), static_cast<uint8_t>(255));
     const float shadowLength = 5.0f;
     Rect casterBounds(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 3.0f, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3.0f);
     casterBounds.offsetBy(shadowLength + 1, shadowLength + 1);
@@ -1784,22 +1962,28 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     renderengine::LayerSettings layer;
     layer.geometry.boundaries = fullscreenRect().toFloatRect();
     BufferSourceVariant<ForceOpaqueBufferVariant>::fillColor(layer, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, this);
     layer.alpha = 1.0;
-    layers.push_back(&layer);
+    layers.push_back(layer);
 
-    base::unique_fd fenceOne;
-    mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd(), &fenceOne);
-    base::unique_fd fenceTwo;
-    mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, std::move(fenceOne), &fenceTwo);
+    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> resultOne =
+            mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(resultOne.valid());
+    auto [statusOne, fenceOne] = resultOne.get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, statusOne);
 
-    const int fd = fenceTwo.get();
-    if (fd >= 0) {
-        sync_wait(fd, -1);
+    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> resultTwo =
+            mRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, std::move(fenceOne));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(resultTwo.valid());
+    auto [statusTwo, fenceTwo] = resultTwo.get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, statusTwo);
+    if (fenceTwo.ok()) {
+        sync_wait(fenceTwo.get(), -1);
     }
+
     // Only cleanup the first time.
     EXPECT_FALSE(mRE->canSkipPostRenderCleanup());
     mRE->cleanupPostRender();
@@ -1814,7 +1998,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings redLayer;
     redLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1825,7 +2009,7 @@
     redLayer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     redLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&redLayer);
+    layers.push_back(redLayer);
 
     // Green layer with 1/3 size.
     renderengine::LayerSettings greenLayer;
@@ -1840,7 +2024,7 @@
     greenLayer.source.solidColor = half3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
     greenLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&greenLayer);
+    layers.push_back(greenLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1863,7 +2047,7 @@
     settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
     settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings redLayer;
     redLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
@@ -1874,7 +2058,7 @@
     redLayer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
     redLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
 
-    layers.push_back(&redLayer);
+    layers.push_back(redLayer);
 
     // Green layer with 1/2 size with parent crop rect.
     renderengine::LayerSettings greenLayer = redLayer;
@@ -1882,7 +2066,7 @@
             FloatRect(0, 0, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2);
     greenLayer.source.solidColor = half3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
 
-    layers.push_back(&greenLayer);
+    layers.push_back(greenLayer);
 
     invokeDraw(settings, layers);
 
@@ -1900,6 +2084,40 @@
     expectBufferColor(Point(0, (DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2) - 1), 0, 255, 0, 255);
 }
 
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testRoundedCornersParentCropSmallBounds) {
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+
+    renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
+    settings.physicalDisplay = fullscreenRect();
+    settings.clip = fullscreenRect();
+    settings.outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
+
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
+
+    renderengine::LayerSettings redLayer;
+    redLayer.sourceDataspace = ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB_LINEAR;
+    redLayer.geometry.boundaries = FloatRect(0, 0, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, 32);
+    redLayer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius = 64;
+    redLayer.geometry.roundedCornersCrop = FloatRect(0, 0, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, 128);
+    // Red background.
+    redLayer.source.solidColor = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    redLayer.alpha = 1.0f;
+
+    layers.push_back(redLayer);
+    invokeDraw(settings, layers);
+
+    // Due to roundedCornersRadius, the top corners are untouched.
+    expectBufferColor(Point(0, 0), 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    expectBufferColor(Point(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH - 1, 0), 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    // ensure that the entire height of the red layer was clipped by the rounded corners crop.
+    expectBufferColor(Point(0, 31), 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    expectBufferColor(Point(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH - 1, 31), 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    // the bottom middle should be red
+    expectBufferColor(Point(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2, 31), 255, 0, 0, 255);
+}
+
 TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, testClear) {
     initializeRenderEngine();
 
@@ -1924,7 +2142,7 @@
             .disableBlending = true,
     };
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers{&redLayer, &clearLayer};
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers{redLayer, clearLayer};
     invokeDraw(display, layers);
     expectBufferColor(rect, 0, 0, 0, 0);
 }
@@ -1972,7 +2190,7 @@
             .disableBlending = true,
     };
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers{&redLayer, &greenLayer};
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers{redLayer, greenLayer};
     invokeDraw(display, layers);
     expectBufferColor(rect, 0, 128, 0, 128);
 }
@@ -2018,7 +2236,7 @@
             .alpha = 1.0f,
     };
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers{&greenLayer};
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers{greenLayer};
     invokeDraw(display, layers);
 
     if (GetParam()->useColorManagement()) {
@@ -2027,6 +2245,155 @@
         expectBufferColor(rect, 0, 255, 0, 255);
     }
 }
+
+double EOTF_PQ(double channel) {
+    float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
+    float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
+    float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
+    float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+    float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+
+    float tmp = std::pow(std::clamp(channel, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0 / m2);
+    tmp = std::fmax(tmp - c1, 0.0) / (c2 - c3 * tmp);
+    return std::pow(tmp, 1.0 / m1);
+}
+
+vec3 EOTF_PQ(vec3 color) {
+    return vec3(EOTF_PQ(color.r), EOTF_PQ(color.g), EOTF_PQ(color.b));
+}
+
+double OETF_sRGB(double channel) {
+    return channel <= 0.0031308 ? channel * 12.92 : (pow(channel, 1.0 / 2.4) * 1.055) - 0.055;
+}
+
+int sign(float in) {
+    return in >= 0.0 ? 1 : -1;
+}
+
+vec3 OETF_sRGB(vec3 linear) {
+    return vec3(sign(linear.r) * OETF_sRGB(linear.r), sign(linear.g) * OETF_sRGB(linear.g),
+                sign(linear.b) * OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
+}
+
+TEST_P(RenderEngineTest, test_tonemapPQMatches) {
+    if (!GetParam()->useColorManagement()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (GetParam()->type() == renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    initializeRenderEngine();
+
+    constexpr int32_t kGreyLevels = 256;
+
+    const auto rect = Rect(0, 0, kGreyLevels, 1);
+    const renderengine::DisplaySettings display{
+            .physicalDisplay = rect,
+            .clip = rect,
+            .maxLuminance = 750.0f,
+            .outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3,
+    };
+
+    auto buf = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(kGreyLevels, 1,
+                                                             HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
+                                                             GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN |
+                                                                     GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN |
+                                                                     GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
+                                                                     GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
+                                                             "input"),
+                                           *mRE,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buf->getBuffer()->initCheck());
+
+    {
+        uint8_t* pixels;
+        buf->getBuffer()->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN,
+                               reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pixels));
+
+        uint8_t color = 0;
+        for (int32_t j = 0; j < buf->getBuffer()->getHeight(); j++) {
+            uint8_t* dest = pixels + (buf->getBuffer()->getStride() * j * 4);
+            for (int32_t i = 0; i < buf->getBuffer()->getWidth(); i++) {
+                dest[0] = color;
+                dest[1] = color;
+                dest[2] = color;
+                dest[3] = 255;
+                color++;
+                dest += 4;
+            }
+        }
+        buf->getBuffer()->unlock();
+    }
+
+    mBuffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(kGreyLevels, 1,
+                                                             HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
+                                                             GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN |
+                                                                     GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN |
+                                                                     GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
+                                                                     GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
+                                                             "output"),
+                                           *mRE,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, mBuffer->getBuffer()->initCheck());
+
+    const renderengine::LayerSettings layer{
+            .geometry.boundaries = rect.toFloatRect(),
+            .source =
+                    renderengine::PixelSource{
+                            .buffer =
+                                    renderengine::Buffer{
+                                            .buffer = std::move(buf),
+                                            .usePremultipliedAlpha = true,
+                                    },
+                    },
+            .alpha = 1.0f,
+            .sourceDataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020 |
+                                                          HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084 |
+                                                          HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL),
+    };
+
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers{layer};
+    invokeDraw(display, layers);
+
+    ColorSpace displayP3 = ColorSpace::DisplayP3();
+    ColorSpace bt2020 = ColorSpace::BT2020();
+
+    tonemap::Metadata metadata{.displayMaxLuminance = 750.0f};
+
+    auto generator = [=](Point location) {
+        const double normColor = static_cast<double>(location.x) / (kGreyLevels - 1);
+        const vec3 rgb = vec3(normColor, normColor, normColor);
+
+        const vec3 linearRGB = EOTF_PQ(rgb);
+
+        static constexpr float kMaxPQLuminance = 10000.f;
+        const vec3 xyz = bt2020.getRGBtoXYZ() * linearRGB * kMaxPQLuminance;
+        const double gain =
+                tonemap::getToneMapper()
+                        ->lookupTonemapGain(static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
+                                                                Dataspace>(
+                                                    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020 |
+                                                    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084 |
+                                                    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL),
+                                            static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
+                                                                Dataspace>(
+                                                    ui::Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3),
+                                            linearRGB * 10000.0, xyz, metadata);
+        const vec3 scaledXYZ = xyz * gain / metadata.displayMaxLuminance;
+
+        const vec3 targetRGB = OETF_sRGB(displayP3.getXYZtoRGB() * scaledXYZ) * 255;
+        return ubyte4(static_cast<uint8_t>(targetRGB.r), static_cast<uint8_t>(targetRGB.g),
+                      static_cast<uint8_t>(targetRGB.b), 255);
+    };
+
+    expectBufferColor(Rect(kGreyLevels, 1), generator, 2);
+}
 } // namespace renderengine
 } // namespace android
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
index 830f463..db7e12b 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
@@ -169,25 +169,32 @@
     status_t result = mThreadedRE->supportsBackgroundBlur();
     ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
 }
+
 TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, drawLayers) {
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> layers;
     std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer = std::make_shared<
             renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(), *mRenderEngine,
                                            renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE |
                                                    renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
+
     base::unique_fd bufferFence;
-    base::unique_fd drawFence;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
-            .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                         const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
-                         const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                         base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t { return NO_ERROR; });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, drawLayersInternal)
+            .WillOnce([&](const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>>&&
+                                  resultPromise,
+                          const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                          const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                          const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                          base::unique_fd&&) -> void {
+                resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+            });
 
-    status_t result = mThreadedRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, buffer, false,
-                                              std::move(bufferFence), &drawFence);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, result);
+    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> result =
+            mThreadedRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, buffer, false, std::move(bufferFence));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.valid());
+    auto [status, _] = result.get();
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
index 8e666d5..3d446e8 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
         mFunctionCalls.push([=](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
-            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::unmapExternalTextureBuffer");
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::cleanupPostRender");
             instance.cleanupPostRender();
         });
     }
@@ -304,27 +304,34 @@
     return mRenderEngine->canSkipPostRenderCleanup();
 }
 
-status_t RenderEngineThreaded::drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                                          const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                          const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                                          const bool useFramebufferCache,
-                                          base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
-                                          base::unique_fd* drawFence) {
+void RenderEngineThreaded::drawLayersInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+        base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
+    resultPromise->set_value({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+    return;
+}
+
+std::future<RenderEngineResult> RenderEngineThreaded::drawLayers(
+        const DisplaySettings& display, const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+        base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    std::promise<status_t> resultPromise;
-    std::future<status_t> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    const auto resultPromise = std::make_shared<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>();
+    std::future<RenderEngineResult> resultFuture = resultPromise->get_future();
+    int fd = bufferFence.release();
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
-        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, &display, &layers, &buffer, useFramebufferCache,
-                             &bufferFence, &drawFence](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+        mFunctionCalls.push([resultPromise, display, layers, buffer, useFramebufferCache,
+                             fd](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
             ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::drawLayers");
-            status_t status = instance.drawLayers(display, layers, buffer, useFramebufferCache,
-                                                  std::move(bufferFence), drawFence);
-            resultPromise.set_value(status);
+            instance.drawLayersInternal(std::move(resultPromise), display, layers, buffer,
+                                        useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd(fd));
         });
     }
     mCondition.notify_one();
-    return resultFuture.get();
+    return resultFuture;
 }
 
 void RenderEngineThreaded::cleanFramebufferCache() {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
index b197df7..0159cfa 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@
     void useProtectedContext(bool useProtectedContext) override;
     void cleanupPostRender() override;
 
-    status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
-                        const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                        const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                        const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
-                        base::unique_fd* drawFence) override;
+    std::future<RenderEngineResult> drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
+                                               const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+                                               const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
+                                               const bool useFramebufferCache,
+                                               base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
 
     void cleanFramebufferCache() override;
     int getContextPriority() override;
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@
     void mapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool isRenderable) override;
     void unmapExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) override;
     bool canSkipPostRenderCleanup() const override;
+    void drawLayersInternal(const std::shared_ptr<std::promise<RenderEngineResult>>&& resultPromise,
+                            const DisplaySettings& display,
+                            const std::vector<LayerSettings>& layers,
+                            const std::shared_ptr<ExternalTexture>& buffer,
+                            const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence) override;
 
 private:
     void threadMain(CreateInstanceFactory factory);
diff --git a/libs/shaders/Android.bp b/libs/shaders/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..390b228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/shaders/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libshaders",
+
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmath",
+        "libtonemap",
+        "libui-types",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "shaders.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libs/shaders/OWNERS b/libs/shaders/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d91da3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/shaders/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+alecmouri@google.com
+jreck@google.com
+sallyqi@google.com
+scroggo@google.com
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/shaders/include/shaders/shaders.h b/libs/shaders/include/shaders/shaders.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..712a27a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/shaders/include/shaders/shaders.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <math/mat4.h>
+#include <tonemap/tonemap.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace android::shaders {
+
+/**
+ * Arguments for creating an effect that applies color transformations in linear XYZ space.
+ * A linear effect is decomposed into the following steps when operating on an image:
+ * 1. Electrical-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) maps the input RGB signal into the intended
+ * relative display brightness of the scene in nits for each RGB channel
+ * 2. Transformation matrix from linear RGB brightness to linear XYZ, to operate on display
+ * luminance.
+ * 3. Opto-Optical Transfer Function (OOTF) applies a "rendering intent". This can include tone
+ * mapping to display SDR content alongside HDR content, or any number of subjective transformations
+ * 4. Transformation matrix from linear XYZ back to linear RGB brightness.
+ * 5. Opto-Electronic Transfer Function (OETF) maps the display brightness of the scene back to
+ * output RGB colors.
+ *
+ * For further reading, consult the recommendation in ITU-R BT.2390-4:
+ * https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-BT.2390-4-2018-PDF-E.pdf
+ *
+ * Skia normally attempts to do its own simple tone mapping, i.e., the working color space is
+ * intended to be the output surface. However, Skia does not support complex tone mapping such as
+ * polynomial interpolation. As such, this filter assumes that tone mapping has not yet been applied
+ * to the source colors. so that the tone mapping process is only applied once by this effect. Tone
+ * mapping is applied when presenting HDR content (content with HLG or PQ transfer functions)
+ * alongside other content, whereby maximum input luminance is mapped to maximum output luminance
+ * and intermediate values are interpolated.
+ */
+struct LinearEffect {
+    // Input dataspace of the source colors.
+    const ui::Dataspace inputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
+
+    // Working dataspace for the output surface, for conversion from linear space.
+    const ui::Dataspace outputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
+
+    // Sets whether alpha premultiplication must be undone.
+    // This is required if the source colors use premultiplied alpha and is not opaque.
+    const bool undoPremultipliedAlpha = false;
+
+    // "Fake" dataspace of the source colors. This is used for applying an EOTF to compute linear
+    // RGB. This is used when Skia is expected to color manage the input image based on the
+    // dataspace of the provided source image and destination surface. SkRuntimeEffects use the
+    // destination color space as the working color space. RenderEngine deliberately sets the color
+    // space for input images and destination surfaces to be the same whenever LinearEffects are
+    // expected to be used so that color-management is controlled by RenderEngine, but other users
+    // of a LinearEffect may not be able to control the color space of the images and surfaces. So
+    // fakeInputDataspace is used to essentially masquerade the input dataspace to be the output
+    // dataspace for correct conversion to linear colors.
+    ui::Dataspace fakeInputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+};
+
+static inline bool operator==(const LinearEffect& lhs, const LinearEffect& rhs) {
+    return lhs.inputDataspace == rhs.inputDataspace && lhs.outputDataspace == rhs.outputDataspace &&
+            lhs.undoPremultipliedAlpha == rhs.undoPremultipliedAlpha &&
+            lhs.fakeInputDataspace == rhs.fakeInputDataspace;
+}
+
+struct LinearEffectHasher {
+    // Inspired by art/runtime/class_linker.cc
+    // Also this is what boost:hash_combine does
+    static size_t HashCombine(size_t seed, size_t val) {
+        return seed ^ (val + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2));
+    }
+    size_t operator()(const LinearEffect& le) const {
+        size_t result = std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.inputDataspace);
+        result = HashCombine(result, std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.outputDataspace));
+        result = HashCombine(result, std::hash<bool>{}(le.undoPremultipliedAlpha));
+        return HashCombine(result, std::hash<ui::Dataspace>{}(le.fakeInputDataspace));
+    }
+};
+
+// Generates a shader string that applies color transforms in linear space.
+// Typical use-cases supported:
+// 1. Apply tone-mapping
+// 2. Apply color transform matrices in linear space
+std::string buildLinearEffectSkSL(const LinearEffect& linearEffect);
+
+// Generates a list of uniforms to set on the LinearEffect shader above.
+std::vector<tonemap::ShaderUniform> buildLinearEffectUniforms(const LinearEffect& linearEffect,
+                                                              const mat4& colorTransform,
+                                                              float maxDisplayLuminance,
+                                                              float maxLuminance);
+
+} // namespace android::shaders
diff --git a/libs/shaders/shaders.cpp b/libs/shaders/shaders.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6019c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/shaders/shaders.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <shaders/shaders.h>
+
+#include <tonemap/tonemap.h>
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include <math/mat4.h>
+#include <system/graphics-base-v1.0.h>
+#include <ui/ColorSpace.h>
+
+namespace android::shaders {
+
+static aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace toAidlDataspace(
+        ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
+    return static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace>(dataspace);
+}
+
+static void generateEOTF(ui::Dataspace dataspace, std::string& shader) {
+    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
+            shader.append(R"(
+
+                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
+                    float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
+                    float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
+                    float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
+                    float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+                    float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+
+                    float3 tmp = pow(clamp(color, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0 / float3(m2));
+                    tmp = max(tmp - c1, 0.0) / (c2 - c3 * tmp);
+                    return pow(tmp, 1.0 / float3(m1));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float EOTF_channel(float channel) {
+                    const float a = 0.17883277;
+                    const float b = 0.28466892;
+                    const float c = 0.55991073;
+                    return channel <= 0.5 ? channel * channel / 3.0 :
+                            (exp((channel - c) / a) + b) / 12.0;
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
+                    return float3(EOTF_channel(color.r), EOTF_channel(color.g),
+                            EOTF_channel(color.b));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float3 EOTF(float3 color) {
+                    return color;
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M:
+            shader.append(R"(
+
+                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
+                    return srgb <= 0.08125 ? srgb / 4.50 : pow((srgb + 0.099) / 1.099, 0.45);
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
+                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
+                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2:
+            shader.append(R"(
+
+                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
+                    return pow(srgb, 2.2);
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
+                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
+                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6:
+            shader.append(R"(
+
+                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
+                    return pow(srgb, 2.6);
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
+                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
+                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8:
+            shader.append(R"(
+
+                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
+                    return pow(srgb, 2.8);
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
+                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
+                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB:
+        default:
+            shader.append(R"(
+
+                float EOTF_sRGB(float srgb) {
+                    return srgb <= 0.04045 ? srgb / 12.92 : pow((srgb + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF_sRGB(float3 srgb) {
+                    return float3(EOTF_sRGB(srgb.r), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.g), EOTF_sRGB(srgb.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 EOTF(float3 srgb) {
+                    return sign(srgb.rgb) * EOTF_sRGB(abs(srgb.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void generateXYZTransforms(std::string& shader) {
+    shader.append(R"(
+        uniform float4x4 in_rgbToXyz;
+        uniform float4x4 in_xyzToRgb;
+        float3 ToXYZ(float3 rgb) {
+            return (in_rgbToXyz * float4(rgb, 1.0)).rgb;
+        }
+
+        float3 ToRGB(float3 xyz) {
+            return clamp((in_xyzToRgb * float4(xyz, 1.0)).rgb, 0.0, 1.0);
+        }
+    )");
+}
+
+// Conversion from relative light to absolute light (maps from [0, 1] to [0, maxNits])
+static void generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace,
+                                           ui::Dataspace outputDataspace, std::string& shader) {
+    switch (inputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                    float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                        return xyz * 10000.0;
+                    }
+                )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                    float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                        return xyz * 1000.0 * pow(xyz.y, 0.2);
+                    }
+                )");
+            break;
+        default:
+            switch (outputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
+                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
+                case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+                    // SDR -> HDR tonemap
+                    shader.append(R"(
+                            float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                                return xyz * in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance;
+                            }
+                        )");
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // Input and output are both SDR, so no tone-mapping is expected so
+                    // no-op the luminance normalization.
+                    shader.append(R"(
+                                float3 ScaleLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                                    return xyz * in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+                                }
+                            )");
+                    break;
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+// Normalizes from absolute light back to relative light (maps from [0, maxNits] back to [0, 1])
+static void generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
+                                                  std::string& shader) {
+    switch (outputDataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                        return xyz / 10000.0;
+                    }
+                )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                        return xyz / 1000.0 * pow(xyz.y / 1000.0, -0.2 / 1.2);
+                    }
+                )");
+            break;
+        default:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                    float3 NormalizeLuminance(float3 xyz) {
+                        return xyz / in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+                    }
+                )");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void generateOOTF(ui::Dataspace inputDataspace, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
+                         std::string& shader) {
+    shader.append(tonemap::getToneMapper()
+                          ->generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL(toAidlDataspace(inputDataspace),
+                                                          toAidlDataspace(outputDataspace))
+                          .c_str());
+
+    generateLuminanceScalesForOOTF(inputDataspace, outputDataspace, shader);
+    generateLuminanceNormalizationForOOTF(outputDataspace, shader);
+
+    shader.append(R"(
+            float3 OOTF(float3 linearRGB, float3 xyz) {
+                float3 scaledLinearRGB = ScaleLuminance(linearRGB);
+                float3 scaledXYZ = ScaleLuminance(xyz);
+
+                float gain = libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(scaledLinearRGB, scaledXYZ);
+
+                return NormalizeLuminance(scaledXYZ * gain);
+            }
+        )");
+}
+
+static void generateOETF(ui::Dataspace dataspace, std::string& shader) {
+    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK) {
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084:
+            shader.append(R"(
+
+                float3 OETF(float3 xyz) {
+                    float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
+                    float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
+                    float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
+                    float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+                    float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+
+                    float3 tmp = pow(xyz, float3(m1));
+                    tmp = (c1 + c2 * tmp) / (1.0 + c3 * tmp);
+                    return pow(tmp, float3(m2));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float OETF_channel(float channel) {
+                    const float a = 0.17883277;
+                    const float b = 0.28466892;
+                    const float c = 0.55991073;
+                    return channel <= 1.0 / 12.0 ? sqrt(3.0 * channel) :
+                            a * log(12.0 * channel - b) + c;
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
+                    return float3(OETF_channel(linear.r), OETF_channel(linear.g),
+                            OETF_channel(linear.b));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
+                    return linear;
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
+                    return linear <= 0.018 ?
+                            linear * 4.50 : (pow(linear, 0.45) * 1.099) - 0.099;
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
+                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
+                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
+                    return pow(linear, (1.0 / 2.2));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
+                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
+                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
+                    return pow(linear, (1.0 / 2.6));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
+                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
+                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
+                    return pow(linear, (1.0 / 2.8));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
+                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
+                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB:
+        default:
+            shader.append(R"(
+                float OETF_sRGB(float linear) {
+                    return linear <= 0.0031308 ?
+                            linear * 12.92 : (pow(linear, 1.0 / 2.4) * 1.055) - 0.055;
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF_sRGB(float3 linear) {
+                    return float3(OETF_sRGB(linear.r), OETF_sRGB(linear.g), OETF_sRGB(linear.b));
+                }
+
+                float3 OETF(float3 linear) {
+                    return sign(linear.rgb) * OETF_sRGB(abs(linear.rgb));
+                }
+            )");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void generateEffectiveOOTF(bool undoPremultipliedAlpha, std::string& shader) {
+    shader.append(R"(
+        uniform shader child;
+        half4 main(float2 xy) {
+            float4 c = float4(child.eval(xy));
+    )");
+    if (undoPremultipliedAlpha) {
+        shader.append(R"(
+            c.rgb = c.rgb / (c.a + 0.0019);
+        )");
+    }
+    shader.append(R"(
+        float3 linearRGB = EOTF(c.rgb);
+        float3 xyz = ToXYZ(linearRGB);
+        c.rgb = OETF(ToRGB(OOTF(linearRGB, xyz)));
+    )");
+    if (undoPremultipliedAlpha) {
+        shader.append(R"(
+            c.rgb = c.rgb * (c.a + 0.0019);
+        )");
+    }
+    shader.append(R"(
+            return c;
+        }
+    )");
+}
+
+// please keep in sync with toSkColorSpace function in renderengine/skia/ColorSpaces.cpp
+static ColorSpace toColorSpace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
+    switch (dataspace & HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK) {
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709:
+            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3:
+            return ColorSpace::DisplayP3();
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE:
+            return ColorSpace::BT2020();
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB:
+            return ColorSpace::AdobeRGB();
+        // TODO(b/208290320): BT601 format and variants return different primaries
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED:
+        // TODO(b/208290329): BT407M format returns different primaries
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M:
+        // TODO(b/208290904): FILM format returns different primaries
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM:
+        case HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED:
+        default:
+            return ColorSpace::sRGB();
+    }
+}
+
+std::string buildLinearEffectSkSL(const LinearEffect& linearEffect) {
+    std::string shaderString;
+    generateEOTF(linearEffect.fakeInputDataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN
+                         ? linearEffect.inputDataspace
+                         : linearEffect.fakeInputDataspace,
+                 shaderString);
+    generateXYZTransforms(shaderString);
+    generateOOTF(linearEffect.inputDataspace, linearEffect.outputDataspace, shaderString);
+    generateOETF(linearEffect.outputDataspace, shaderString);
+    generateEffectiveOOTF(linearEffect.undoPremultipliedAlpha, shaderString);
+    return shaderString;
+}
+
+template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_trivially_copyable<T>::value, bool> = true>
+std::vector<uint8_t> buildUniformValue(T value) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> result;
+    result.resize(sizeof(value));
+    std::memcpy(result.data(), &value, sizeof(value));
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Generates a list of uniforms to set on the LinearEffect shader above.
+std::vector<tonemap::ShaderUniform> buildLinearEffectUniforms(const LinearEffect& linearEffect,
+                                                              const mat4& colorTransform,
+                                                              float maxDisplayLuminance,
+                                                              float maxLuminance) {
+    std::vector<tonemap::ShaderUniform> uniforms;
+    if (linearEffect.inputDataspace == linearEffect.outputDataspace) {
+        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_rgbToXyz", .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4())});
+        uniforms.push_back(
+                {.name = "in_xyzToRgb", .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(colorTransform)});
+    } else {
+        ColorSpace inputColorSpace = toColorSpace(linearEffect.inputDataspace);
+        ColorSpace outputColorSpace = toColorSpace(linearEffect.outputDataspace);
+        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_rgbToXyz",
+                            .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(mat4(inputColorSpace.getRGBtoXYZ()))});
+        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_xyzToRgb",
+                            .value = buildUniformValue<mat4>(
+                                    colorTransform * mat4(outputColorSpace.getXYZtoRGB()))});
+    }
+
+    tonemap::Metadata metadata{.displayMaxLuminance = maxDisplayLuminance,
+                               // If the input luminance is unknown, use display luminance (aka,
+                               // no-op any luminance changes)
+                               // This will be the case for eg screenshots in addition to
+                               // uncalibrated displays
+                               .contentMaxLuminance =
+                                       maxLuminance > 0 ? maxLuminance : maxDisplayLuminance};
+
+    for (const auto uniform : tonemap::getToneMapper()->generateShaderSkSLUniforms(metadata)) {
+        uniforms.push_back(uniform);
+    }
+
+    return uniforms;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::shaders
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/tonemap/Android.bp b/libs/tonemap/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5360fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tonemap/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libtonemap",
+    vendor_available: true,
+
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmath",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "tonemap.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libs/tonemap/OWNERS b/libs/tonemap/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d91da3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tonemap/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+alecmouri@google.com
+jreck@google.com
+sallyqi@google.com
+scroggo@google.com
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/tonemap/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/tonemap/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00f83ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tonemap/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "librenderengine_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libtonemap_test"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/libs/tonemap/include/tonemap/tonemap.h b/libs/tonemap/include/tonemap/tonemap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd7b72d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tonemap/include/tonemap/tonemap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Dataspace.h>
+#include <math/vec3.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android::tonemap {
+
+// Describes a shader uniform
+// The shader uniform is intended to be passed into a SkRuntimeShaderBuilder, i.e.:
+//
+// SkRuntimeShaderBuilder builder;
+// builder.uniform(<uniform name>).set(<uniform value>.data(), <uniform value>.size());
+struct ShaderUniform {
+    // The name of the uniform, used for binding into a shader.
+    // The shader must contain a uniform whose name matches this.
+    std::string name;
+
+    // The value for the uniform, which should be bound to the uniform identified by <name>
+    std::vector<uint8_t> value;
+};
+
+// Describes metadata which may be used for constructing the shader uniforms.
+// This metadata should not be used for manipulating the source code of the shader program directly,
+// as otherwise caching by other system of these shaders may break.
+struct Metadata {
+    float displayMaxLuminance = 0.0;
+    float contentMaxLuminance = 0.0;
+};
+
+class ToneMapper {
+public:
+    virtual ~ToneMapper() {}
+    // Constructs a tonemap shader whose shader language is SkSL, which tonemaps from an
+    // input whose dataspace is described by sourceDataspace, to an output whose dataspace
+    // is described by destinationDataspace
+    //
+    // The returned shader string *must* contain a function with the following signature:
+    // float libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(vec3 linearRGB, vec3 xyz);
+    //
+    // The arguments are:
+    // * linearRGB is the absolute nits of the RGB pixels in linear space
+    // * xyz is linearRGB converted into XYZ
+    //
+    // libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain() returns a float representing the amount by which to scale the
+    // absolute nits of the pixels. This function may be plugged into any existing SkSL shader, and
+    // is expected to look something like this:
+    //
+    // vec3 rgb = ...;
+    // // apply the EOTF based on the incoming dataspace to convert to linear nits.
+    // vec3 linearRGB = applyEOTF(rgb);
+    // // apply a RGB->XYZ matrix float3
+    // vec3 xyz = toXYZ(linearRGB);
+    // // Scale the luminance based on the content standard
+    // vec3 absoluteRGB = ScaleLuminance(linearRGB);
+    // vec3 absoluteXYZ = ScaleLuminance(xyz);
+    // float gain = libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(absoluteRGB, absoluteXYZ);
+    // // Normalize the luminance back down to a [0, 1] range
+    // xyz = NormalizeLuminance(absoluteXYZ * gain);
+    // // apply a XYZ->RGB matrix and apply the output OETf.
+    // vec3 finalColor = applyOETF(ToRGB(xyz));
+    // ...
+    //
+    // Helper methods in this shader should be prefixed with "libtonemap_". Accordingly, libraries
+    // which consume this shader must *not* contain any methods prefixed with "libtonemap_" to
+    // guarantee that there are no conflicts in name resolution.
+    virtual std::string generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace sourceDataspace,
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace destinationDataspace) = 0;
+
+    // Constructs uniform descriptions that correspond to those that are generated for the tonemap
+    // shader. Uniforms must be prefixed with "in_libtonemap_". Libraries which consume this shader
+    // must not bind any new uniforms that begin with this prefix.
+    //
+    // Downstream shaders may assume the existence of the uniform in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance
+    // and in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance, in order to assist with scaling and normalizing
+    // luminance as described in the documentation for generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL(). That is,
+    // shaders plugging in a tone-mapping shader returned by generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL() may
+    // assume that there are predefined floats in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance and
+    // in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance inside of the body of the tone-mapping shader.
+    virtual std::vector<ShaderUniform> generateShaderSkSLUniforms(const Metadata& metadata) = 0;
+
+    // CPU implementation of the tonemapping gain. This must match the GPU implementation returned
+    // by generateTonemapGainShaderSKSL() above, with some epsilon difference to account for
+    // differences in hardware precision.
+    //
+    // The gain is computed assuming an input described by sourceDataspace, tonemapped to an output
+    // described by destinationDataspace. To compute the gain, the input colors are provided by
+    // linearRGB, which is the RGB colors in linear space. The colors in XYZ space are also
+    // provided. Metadata is also provided for helping to compute the tonemapping curve.
+    virtual double lookupTonemapGain(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace sourceDataspace,
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace destinationDataspace,
+            vec3 linearRGB, vec3 xyz, const Metadata& metadata) = 0;
+};
+
+// Retrieves a tonemapper instance.
+// This instance is globally constructed.
+ToneMapper* getToneMapper();
+
+} // namespace android::tonemap
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/tonemap/tests/Android.bp b/libs/tonemap/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f46f3fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tonemap/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libtonemap_test",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    srcs: [
+        "tonemap_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmath",
+        "libgmock",
+        "libgtest",
+        "libtonemap",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libs/tonemap/tests/tonemap_test.cpp b/libs/tonemap/tests/tonemap_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a7958f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tonemap/tests/tonemap_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <tonemap/tonemap.h>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using testing::HasSubstr;
+
+struct TonemapTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(TonemapTest, generateShaderSkSLUniforms_containsDefaultUniforms) {
+    static const constexpr float kDisplayMaxLuminance = 1.f;
+    static const constexpr float kContentMaxLuminance = 2.f;
+    tonemap::Metadata metadata{.displayMaxLuminance = kDisplayMaxLuminance,
+                               .contentMaxLuminance = kContentMaxLuminance};
+    const auto uniforms = tonemap::getToneMapper()->generateShaderSkSLUniforms(metadata);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, std::count_if(uniforms.cbegin(), uniforms.cend(), [](const auto& data) {
+                  return data.name == "in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance";
+              }));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, std::count_if(uniforms.cbegin(), uniforms.cend(), [](const auto& data) {
+                  return data.name == "in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance";
+              }));
+
+    // Smoke check that metadata values are "real", specifically that they're non-zero and actually
+    // numbers. This is to help avoid shaders using these uniforms from dividing by zero or other
+    // catastrophic errors.
+    const auto& displayLum = std::find_if(uniforms.cbegin(), uniforms.cend(), [](const auto& data) {
+                                 return data.name == "in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance";
+                             })->value;
+
+    float displayLumFloat = 0.f;
+    std::memcpy(&displayLumFloat, displayLum.data(), displayLum.size());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(std::isnan(displayLumFloat));
+    EXPECT_GT(displayLumFloat, 0);
+
+    const auto& contentLum = std::find_if(uniforms.cbegin(), uniforms.cend(), [](const auto& data) {
+                                 return data.name == "in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance";
+                             })->value;
+
+    float contentLumFloat = 0.f;
+    std::memcpy(&contentLumFloat, contentLum.data(), contentLum.size());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(std::isnan(contentLumFloat));
+    EXPECT_GT(contentLumFloat, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TonemapTest, generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL_containsEntryPoint) {
+    const auto shader =
+            tonemap::getToneMapper()
+                    ->generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
+                                                            Dataspace::BT2020_ITU_PQ,
+                                                    aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::
+                                                            Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3);
+
+    // Other tests such as librenderengine_test will plug in the shader to check compilation.
+    EXPECT_THAT(shader, HasSubstr("float libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(vec3 linearRGB, vec3 xyz)"));
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/tonemap/tonemap.cpp b/libs/tonemap/tonemap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2372fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/tonemap/tonemap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <tonemap/tonemap.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace android::tonemap {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Flag containing the variant of tone map algorithm to use.
+enum class ToneMapAlgorithm {
+    AndroidO,  // Default algorithm in place since Android O,
+    Android13, // Algorithm used in Android 13.
+};
+
+static const constexpr auto kToneMapAlgorithm = ToneMapAlgorithm::Android13;
+
+static const constexpr auto kTransferMask =
+        static_cast<int32_t>(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace::TRANSFER_MASK);
+static const constexpr auto kTransferST2084 =
+        static_cast<int32_t>(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace::TRANSFER_ST2084);
+static const constexpr auto kTransferHLG =
+        static_cast<int32_t>(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace::TRANSFER_HLG);
+
+template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_trivially_copyable<T>::value, bool> = true>
+std::vector<uint8_t> buildUniformValue(T value) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> result;
+    result.resize(sizeof(value));
+    std::memcpy(result.data(), &value, sizeof(value));
+    return result;
+}
+
+class ToneMapperO : public ToneMapper {
+public:
+    std::string generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace sourceDataspace,
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace destinationDataspace) override {
+        const int32_t sourceDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(sourceDataspace);
+        const int32_t destinationDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(destinationDataspace);
+
+        std::string program;
+        // Define required uniforms
+        program.append(R"(
+                uniform float in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+                uniform float in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance;
+            )");
+        switch (sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+            case kTransferST2084:
+            case kTransferHLG:
+                switch (destinationDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                    case kTransferST2084:
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                    float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(vec3 xyz) {
+                                        return xyz.y;
+                                    }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+                    case kTransferHLG:
+                        // PQ has a wider luminance range (10,000 nits vs. 1,000 nits) than HLG, so
+                        // we'll clamp the luminance range in case we're mapping from PQ input to
+                        // HLG output.
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                    float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(vec3 xyz) {
+                                        return clamp(xyz.y, 0.0, 1000.0);
+                                    }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        // Here we're mapping from HDR to SDR content, so interpolate using a
+                        // Hermitian polynomial onto the smaller luminance range.
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                    float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(vec3 xyz) {
+                                        float maxInLumi = in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance;
+                                        float maxOutLumi = in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+
+                                        float nits = xyz.y;
+
+                                        // if the max input luminance is less than what we can
+                                        // output then no tone mapping is needed as all color
+                                        // values will be in range.
+                                        if (maxInLumi <= maxOutLumi) {
+                                            return xyz.y;
+                                        } else {
+
+                                            // three control points
+                                            const float x0 = 10.0;
+                                            const float y0 = 17.0;
+                                            float x1 = maxOutLumi * 0.75;
+                                            float y1 = x1;
+                                            float x2 = x1 + (maxInLumi - x1) / 2.0;
+                                            float y2 = y1 + (maxOutLumi - y1) * 0.75;
+
+                                            // horizontal distances between the last three
+                                            // control points
+                                            float h12 = x2 - x1;
+                                            float h23 = maxInLumi - x2;
+                                            // tangents at the last three control points
+                                            float m1 = (y2 - y1) / h12;
+                                            float m3 = (maxOutLumi - y2) / h23;
+                                            float m2 = (m1 + m3) / 2.0;
+
+                                            if (nits < x0) {
+                                                // scale [0.0, x0] to [0.0, y0] linearly
+                                                float slope = y0 / x0;
+                                                return nits * slope;
+                                            } else if (nits < x1) {
+                                                // scale [x0, x1] to [y0, y1] linearly
+                                                float slope = (y1 - y0) / (x1 - x0);
+                                                nits = y0 + (nits - x0) * slope;
+                                            } else if (nits < x2) {
+                                                // scale [x1, x2] to [y1, y2] using Hermite interp
+                                                float t = (nits - x1) / h12;
+                                                nits = (y1 * (1.0 + 2.0 * t) + h12 * m1 * t) *
+                                                        (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) +
+                                                        (y2 * (3.0 - 2.0 * t) +
+                                                        h12 * m2 * (t - 1.0)) * t * t;
+                                            } else {
+                                                // scale [x2, maxInLumi] to [y2, maxOutLumi] using
+                                                // Hermite interp
+                                                float t = (nits - x2) / h23;
+                                                nits = (y2 * (1.0 + 2.0 * t) + h23 * m2 * t) *
+                                                        (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) + (maxOutLumi *
+                                                        (3.0 - 2.0 * t) + h23 * m3 *
+                                                        (t - 1.0)) * t * t;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+
+                                        return nits;
+                                    }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch (destinationDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                    case kTransferST2084:
+                    case kTransferHLG:
+                        // Map from SDR onto an HDR output buffer
+                        // Here we use a polynomial curve to map from [0, displayMaxLuminance] onto
+                        // [0, maxOutLumi] which is hard-coded to be 3000 nits.
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                    float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(vec3 xyz) {
+                                        const float maxOutLumi = 3000.0;
+
+                                        const float x0 = 5.0;
+                                        const float y0 = 2.5;
+                                        float x1 = in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance * 0.7;
+                                        float y1 = maxOutLumi * 0.15;
+                                        float x2 = in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance * 0.9;
+                                        float y2 = maxOutLumi * 0.45;
+                                        float x3 = in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+                                        float y3 = maxOutLumi;
+
+                                        float c1 = y1 / 3.0;
+                                        float c2 = y2 / 2.0;
+                                        float c3 = y3 / 1.5;
+
+                                        float nits = xyz.y;
+
+                                        if (nits <= x0) {
+                                            // scale [0.0, x0] to [0.0, y0] linearly
+                                            float slope = y0 / x0;
+                                            return nits * slope;
+                                        } else if (nits <= x1) {
+                                            // scale [x0, x1] to [y0, y1] using a curve
+                                            float t = (nits - x0) / (x1 - x0);
+                                            nits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y0 +
+                                                    2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c1 + t * t * y1;
+                                        } else if (nits <= x2) {
+                                            // scale [x1, x2] to [y1, y2] using a curve
+                                            float t = (nits - x1) / (x2 - x1);
+                                            nits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y1 +
+                                                    2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c2 + t * t * y2;
+                                        } else {
+                                            // scale [x2, x3] to [y2, y3] using a curve
+                                            float t = (nits - x2) / (x3 - x2);
+                                            nits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y2 +
+                                                    2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c3 + t * t * y3;
+                                        }
+
+                                        return nits;
+                                    }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        // For completeness, this is tone-mapping from SDR to SDR, where this is
+                        // just a no-op.
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                    float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(vec3 xyz) {
+                                        return xyz.y;
+                                    }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        program.append(R"(
+            float libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(vec3 linearRGB, vec3 xyz) {
+                if (xyz.y <= 0.0) {
+                    return 1.0;
+                }
+                return libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(xyz) / xyz.y;
+            }
+        )");
+        return program;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ShaderUniform> generateShaderSkSLUniforms(const Metadata& metadata) override {
+        std::vector<ShaderUniform> uniforms;
+
+        uniforms.reserve(2);
+
+        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance",
+                            .value = buildUniformValue<float>(metadata.displayMaxLuminance)});
+        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance",
+                            .value = buildUniformValue<float>(metadata.contentMaxLuminance)});
+        return uniforms;
+    }
+
+    double lookupTonemapGain(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace sourceDataspace,
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace destinationDataspace,
+            vec3 /* linearRGB */, vec3 xyz, const Metadata& metadata) override {
+        if (xyz.y <= 0.0) {
+            return 1.0;
+        }
+        const int32_t sourceDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(sourceDataspace);
+        const int32_t destinationDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(destinationDataspace);
+
+        double targetNits = 0.0;
+        switch (sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+            case kTransferST2084:
+            case kTransferHLG:
+                switch (destinationDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                    case kTransferST2084:
+                        targetNits = xyz.y;
+                        break;
+                    case kTransferHLG:
+                        // PQ has a wider luminance range (10,000 nits vs. 1,000 nits) than HLG, so
+                        // we'll clamp the luminance range in case we're mapping from PQ input to
+                        // HLG output.
+                        targetNits = std::clamp(xyz.y, 0.0f, 1000.0f);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        // Here we're mapping from HDR to SDR content, so interpolate using a
+                        // Hermitian polynomial onto the smaller luminance range.
+
+                        targetNits = xyz.y;
+                        // if the max input luminance is less than what we can output then
+                        // no tone mapping is needed as all color values will be in range.
+                        if (metadata.contentMaxLuminance > metadata.displayMaxLuminance) {
+                            // three control points
+                            const double x0 = 10.0;
+                            const double y0 = 17.0;
+                            double x1 = metadata.displayMaxLuminance * 0.75;
+                            double y1 = x1;
+                            double x2 = x1 + (metadata.contentMaxLuminance - x1) / 2.0;
+                            double y2 = y1 + (metadata.displayMaxLuminance - y1) * 0.75;
+
+                            // horizontal distances between the last three control points
+                            double h12 = x2 - x1;
+                            double h23 = metadata.contentMaxLuminance - x2;
+                            // tangents at the last three control points
+                            double m1 = (y2 - y1) / h12;
+                            double m3 = (metadata.displayMaxLuminance - y2) / h23;
+                            double m2 = (m1 + m3) / 2.0;
+
+                            if (targetNits < x0) {
+                                // scale [0.0, x0] to [0.0, y0] linearly
+                                double slope = y0 / x0;
+                                targetNits *= slope;
+                            } else if (targetNits < x1) {
+                                // scale [x0, x1] to [y0, y1] linearly
+                                double slope = (y1 - y0) / (x1 - x0);
+                                targetNits = y0 + (targetNits - x0) * slope;
+                            } else if (targetNits < x2) {
+                                // scale [x1, x2] to [y1, y2] using Hermite interp
+                                double t = (targetNits - x1) / h12;
+                                targetNits = (y1 * (1.0 + 2.0 * t) + h12 * m1 * t) * (1.0 - t) *
+                                                (1.0 - t) +
+                                        (y2 * (3.0 - 2.0 * t) + h12 * m2 * (t - 1.0)) * t * t;
+                            } else {
+                                // scale [x2, maxInLumi] to [y2, maxOutLumi] using Hermite interp
+                                double t = (targetNits - x2) / h23;
+                                targetNits = (y2 * (1.0 + 2.0 * t) + h23 * m2 * t) * (1.0 - t) *
+                                                (1.0 - t) +
+                                        (metadata.displayMaxLuminance * (3.0 - 2.0 * t) +
+                                         h23 * m3 * (t - 1.0)) *
+                                                t * t;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                // source is SDR
+                switch (destinationDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                    case kTransferST2084:
+                    case kTransferHLG: {
+                        // Map from SDR onto an HDR output buffer
+                        // Here we use a polynomial curve to map from [0, displayMaxLuminance] onto
+                        // [0, maxOutLumi] which is hard-coded to be 3000 nits.
+                        const double maxOutLumi = 3000.0;
+
+                        double x0 = 5.0;
+                        double y0 = 2.5;
+                        double x1 = metadata.displayMaxLuminance * 0.7;
+                        double y1 = maxOutLumi * 0.15;
+                        double x2 = metadata.displayMaxLuminance * 0.9;
+                        double y2 = maxOutLumi * 0.45;
+                        double x3 = metadata.displayMaxLuminance;
+                        double y3 = maxOutLumi;
+
+                        double c1 = y1 / 3.0;
+                        double c2 = y2 / 2.0;
+                        double c3 = y3 / 1.5;
+
+                        targetNits = xyz.y;
+
+                        if (targetNits <= x0) {
+                            // scale [0.0, x0] to [0.0, y0] linearly
+                            double slope = y0 / x0;
+                            targetNits *= slope;
+                        } else if (targetNits <= x1) {
+                            // scale [x0, x1] to [y0, y1] using a curve
+                            double t = (targetNits - x0) / (x1 - x0);
+                            targetNits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y0 + 2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c1 +
+                                    t * t * y1;
+                        } else if (targetNits <= x2) {
+                            // scale [x1, x2] to [y1, y2] using a curve
+                            double t = (targetNits - x1) / (x2 - x1);
+                            targetNits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y1 + 2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c2 +
+                                    t * t * y2;
+                        } else {
+                            // scale [x2, x3] to [y2, y3] using a curve
+                            double t = (targetNits - x2) / (x3 - x2);
+                            targetNits = (1.0 - t) * (1.0 - t) * y2 + 2.0 * (1.0 - t) * t * c3 +
+                                    t * t * y3;
+                        }
+                    } break;
+                    default:
+                        // For completeness, this is tone-mapping from SDR to SDR, where this is
+                        // just a no-op.
+                        targetNits = xyz.y;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return targetNits / xyz.y;
+    }
+};
+
+class ToneMapper13 : public ToneMapper {
+private:
+    double OETF_ST2084(double nits) {
+        nits = nits / 10000.0;
+        double m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
+        double m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
+        double c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
+        double c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+        double c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+
+        double tmp = std::pow(nits, m1);
+        tmp = (c1 + c2 * tmp) / (1.0 + c3 * tmp);
+        return std::pow(tmp, m2);
+    }
+
+    double OETF_HLG(double nits) {
+        nits = nits / 1000.0;
+        const double a = 0.17883277;
+        const double b = 0.28466892;
+        const double c = 0.55991073;
+        return nits <= 1.0 / 12.0 ? std::sqrt(3.0 * nits) : a * std::log(12.0 * nits - b) + c;
+    }
+
+public:
+    std::string generateTonemapGainShaderSkSL(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace sourceDataspace,
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace destinationDataspace) override {
+        const int32_t sourceDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(sourceDataspace);
+        const int32_t destinationDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(destinationDataspace);
+
+        std::string program;
+        // Input uniforms
+        program.append(R"(
+                uniform float in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+                uniform float in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance;
+            )");
+        switch (sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+            case kTransferST2084:
+            case kTransferHLG:
+                switch (destinationDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                    case kTransferST2084:
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                    float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(float maxRGB) {
+                                        return maxRGB;
+                                    }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+                    case kTransferHLG:
+                        // PQ has a wider luminance range (10,000 nits vs. 1,000 nits) than HLG, so
+                        // we'll clamp the luminance range in case we're mapping from PQ input to
+                        // HLG output.
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                    float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(float maxRGB) {
+                                        return clamp(maxRGB, 0.0, 1000.0);
+                                    }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        switch (sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                            case kTransferST2084:
+                                program.append(R"(
+                                        float libtonemap_OETFTone(float channel) {
+                                            channel = channel / 10000.0;
+                                            float m1 = (2610.0 / 4096.0) / 4.0;
+                                            float m2 = (2523.0 / 4096.0) * 128.0;
+                                            float c1 = (3424.0 / 4096.0);
+                                            float c2 = (2413.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+                                            float c3 = (2392.0 / 4096.0) * 32.0;
+
+                                            float tmp = pow(channel, float(m1));
+                                            tmp = (c1 + c2 * tmp) / (1.0 + c3 * tmp);
+                                            return pow(tmp, float(m2));
+                                        }
+                                    )");
+                                break;
+                            case kTransferHLG:
+                                program.append(R"(
+                                        float libtonemap_OETFTone(float channel) {
+                                            channel = channel / 1000.0;
+                                            const float a = 0.17883277;
+                                            const float b = 0.28466892;
+                                            const float c = 0.55991073;
+                                            return channel <= 1.0 / 12.0 ? sqrt(3.0 * channel) :
+                                                    a * log(12.0 * channel - b) + c;
+                                        }
+                                    )");
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        // Here we're mapping from HDR to SDR content, so interpolate using a
+                        // Hermitian polynomial onto the smaller luminance range.
+                        program.append(R"(
+                                float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(float maxRGB) {
+                                    float maxInLumi = in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance;
+                                    float maxOutLumi = in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance;
+
+                                    float nits = maxRGB;
+
+                                    float x1 = maxOutLumi * 0.65;
+                                    float y1 = x1;
+
+                                    float x3 = maxInLumi;
+                                    float y3 = maxOutLumi;
+
+                                    float x2 = x1 + (x3 - x1) * 4.0 / 17.0;
+                                    float y2 = maxOutLumi * 0.9;
+
+                                    float greyNorm1 = libtonemap_OETFTone(x1);
+                                    float greyNorm2 = libtonemap_OETFTone(x2);
+                                    float greyNorm3 = libtonemap_OETFTone(x3);
+
+                                    float slope1 = 0;
+                                    float slope2 = (y2 - y1) / (greyNorm2 - greyNorm1);
+                                    float slope3 = (y3 - y2 ) / (greyNorm3 - greyNorm2);
+
+                                    if (nits < x1) {
+                                        return nits;
+                                    }
+
+                                    if (nits > maxInLumi) {
+                                        return maxOutLumi;
+                                    }
+
+                                    float greyNits = libtonemap_OETFTone(nits);
+
+                                    if (greyNits <= greyNorm2) {
+                                        nits = (greyNits - greyNorm2) * slope2 + y2;
+                                    } else if (greyNits <= greyNorm3) {
+                                        nits = (greyNits - greyNorm3) * slope3 + y3;
+                                    } else {
+                                        nits = maxOutLumi;
+                                    }
+
+                                    return nits;
+                                }
+                                )");
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                // Inverse tone-mapping and SDR-SDR mapping is not supported.
+                program.append(R"(
+                            float libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(float maxRGB) {
+                                return maxRGB;
+                            }
+                        )");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        program.append(R"(
+            float libtonemap_LookupTonemapGain(vec3 linearRGB, vec3 xyz) {
+                float maxRGB = max(linearRGB.r, max(linearRGB.g, linearRGB.b));
+                if (maxRGB <= 0.0) {
+                    return 1.0;
+                }
+                return libtonemap_ToneMapTargetNits(maxRGB) / maxRGB;
+            }
+        )");
+        return program;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ShaderUniform> generateShaderSkSLUniforms(const Metadata& metadata) override {
+        // Hardcode the max content luminance to a "reasonable" level
+        static const constexpr float kContentMaxLuminance = 4000.f;
+        std::vector<ShaderUniform> uniforms;
+        uniforms.reserve(2);
+        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_libtonemap_displayMaxLuminance",
+                            .value = buildUniformValue<float>(metadata.displayMaxLuminance)});
+        uniforms.push_back({.name = "in_libtonemap_inputMaxLuminance",
+                            .value = buildUniformValue<float>(kContentMaxLuminance)});
+        return uniforms;
+    }
+
+    double lookupTonemapGain(
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace sourceDataspace,
+            aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace destinationDataspace,
+            vec3 linearRGB, vec3 /* xyz */, const Metadata& metadata) override {
+        double maxRGB = std::max({linearRGB.r, linearRGB.g, linearRGB.b});
+
+        if (maxRGB <= 0.0) {
+            return 1.0;
+        }
+
+        const int32_t sourceDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(sourceDataspace);
+        const int32_t destinationDataspaceInt = static_cast<int32_t>(destinationDataspace);
+
+        double targetNits = 0.0;
+        switch (sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+            case kTransferST2084:
+            case kTransferHLG:
+                switch (destinationDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                    case kTransferST2084:
+                        targetNits = maxRGB;
+                        break;
+                    case kTransferHLG:
+                        // PQ has a wider luminance range (10,000 nits vs. 1,000 nits) than HLG, so
+                        // we'll clamp the luminance range in case we're mapping from PQ input to
+                        // HLG output.
+                        targetNits = std::clamp(maxRGB, 0.0, 1000.0);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        // Here we're mapping from HDR to SDR content, so interpolate using a
+                        // Hermitian polynomial onto the smaller luminance range.
+
+                        double maxInLumi = 4000;
+                        double maxOutLumi = metadata.displayMaxLuminance;
+
+                        targetNits = maxRGB;
+
+                        double x1 = maxOutLumi * 0.65;
+                        double y1 = x1;
+
+                        double x3 = maxInLumi;
+                        double y3 = maxOutLumi;
+
+                        double x2 = x1 + (x3 - x1) * 4.0 / 17.0;
+                        double y2 = maxOutLumi * 0.9;
+
+                        double greyNorm1 = 0.0;
+                        double greyNorm2 = 0.0;
+                        double greyNorm3 = 0.0;
+
+                        if ((sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) == kTransferST2084) {
+                            greyNorm1 = OETF_ST2084(x1);
+                            greyNorm2 = OETF_ST2084(x2);
+                            greyNorm3 = OETF_ST2084(x3);
+                        } else if ((sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) == kTransferHLG) {
+                            greyNorm1 = OETF_HLG(x1);
+                            greyNorm2 = OETF_HLG(x2);
+                            greyNorm3 = OETF_HLG(x3);
+                        }
+
+                        double slope2 = (y2 - y1) / (greyNorm2 - greyNorm1);
+                        double slope3 = (y3 - y2) / (greyNorm3 - greyNorm2);
+
+                        if (targetNits < x1) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (targetNits > maxInLumi) {
+                            targetNits = maxOutLumi;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        double greyNits = 0.0;
+                        if ((sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) == kTransferST2084) {
+                            greyNits = OETF_ST2084(targetNits);
+                        } else if ((sourceDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) == kTransferHLG) {
+                            greyNits = OETF_HLG(targetNits);
+                        }
+
+                        if (greyNits <= greyNorm2) {
+                            targetNits = (greyNits - greyNorm2) * slope2 + y2;
+                        } else if (greyNits <= greyNorm3) {
+                            targetNits = (greyNits - greyNorm3) * slope3 + y3;
+                        } else {
+                            targetNits = maxOutLumi;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch (destinationDataspaceInt & kTransferMask) {
+                    case kTransferST2084:
+                    case kTransferHLG:
+                    default:
+                        targetNits = maxRGB;
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return targetNits / maxRGB;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+ToneMapper* getToneMapper() {
+    static std::once_flag sOnce;
+    static std::unique_ptr<ToneMapper> sToneMapper;
+
+    std::call_once(sOnce, [&] {
+        switch (kToneMapAlgorithm) {
+            case ToneMapAlgorithm::AndroidO:
+                sToneMapper = std::unique_ptr<ToneMapper>(new ToneMapperO());
+                break;
+            case ToneMapAlgorithm::Android13:
+                sToneMapper = std::unique_ptr<ToneMapper>(new ToneMapper13());
+        }
+    });
+
+    return sToneMapper.get();
+}
+} // namespace android::tonemap
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ui/Android.bp b/libs/ui/Android.bp
index d4d0ee4..a7b5900 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ui/Android.bp
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
 
     export_include_dirs: [
         "include",
+        "include_mock",
         "include_private",
         "include_types",
     ],
@@ -137,7 +138,6 @@
         "HdrCapabilities.cpp",
         "PixelFormat.cpp",
         "PublicFormat.cpp",
-        "Size.cpp",
         "StaticDisplayInfo.cpp",
     ],
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "libgralloctypes",
     ],
diff --git a/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp b/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp
index 1f006ce..073da89 100644
--- a/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/DebugUtils.cpp
@@ -302,6 +302,8 @@
             return std::string("RGB_565");
         case android::PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888:
             return std::string("BGRA_8888");
+        case android::PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8:
+            return std::string("R_8");
         default:
             return StringPrintf("Unknown %#08x", format);
     }
diff --git a/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp b/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
index 80f6c82..8ac08fb 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/Gralloc4.cpp
@@ -634,6 +634,12 @@
                outSmpte2094_40);
 }
 
+status_t Gralloc4Mapper::getSmpte2094_10(
+        buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) const {
+    return get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10,
+               outSmpte2094_10);
+}
+
 template <class T>
 status_t Gralloc4Mapper::getDefault(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                     uint32_t layerCount, uint64_t usage,
diff --git a/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp b/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp
index d20bd7a..82d6cd5 100644
--- a/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.cpp
@@ -301,6 +301,11 @@
     return mMapper->getSmpte2094_40(bufferHandle, outSmpte2094_40);
 }
 
+status_t GraphicBufferMapper::getSmpte2094_10(
+        buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) {
+    return mMapper->getSmpte2094_10(bufferHandle, outSmpte2094_10);
+}
+
 status_t GraphicBufferMapper::getDefaultPixelFormatFourCC(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                                           PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount,
                                                           uint64_t usage,
diff --git a/libs/ui/PixelFormat.cpp b/libs/ui/PixelFormat.cpp
index e88fdd5..799fbc9 100644
--- a/libs/ui/PixelFormat.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/PixelFormat.cpp
@@ -35,25 +35,8 @@
         case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_5551:
         case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_4444:
             return 2;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-uint32_t bitsPerPixel(PixelFormat format) {
-    switch (format) {
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16:
-            return 64;
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102:
-            return 32;
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_888:
-            return 24;
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_5551:
-        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_4444:
-            return 16;
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8:
+            return 1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/libs/ui/Transform.cpp b/libs/ui/Transform.cpp
index cd68c1c..b34d906 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Transform.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/Transform.cpp
@@ -396,6 +396,11 @@
         result.mMatrix[1][0] = -b*idet;
         result.mMatrix[1][1] =  a*idet;
         result.mType = mType;
+        if (getOrientation() & ROT_90) {
+            // Recalculate the type if there is a 90-degree rotation component, since the inverse
+            // of ROT_90 is ROT_270 and vice versa.
+            result.mType |= UNKNOWN_TYPE;
+        }
 
         vec2 T(-x, -y);
         T = result.transform(T);
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayId.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayId.h
index f196ab9..9120972 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayId.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayId.h
@@ -38,12 +38,22 @@
 
     uint64_t value;
 
+    // For deserialization.
+    static constexpr std::optional<DisplayId> fromValue(uint64_t);
+
+    // As above, but also upcast to Id.
+    template <typename Id>
+    static constexpr std::optional<Id> fromValue(uint64_t value) {
+        if (const auto id = Id::tryCast(DisplayId(value))) {
+            return id;
+        }
+        return {};
+    }
+
 protected:
     explicit constexpr DisplayId(uint64_t id) : value(id) {}
 };
 
-static_assert(sizeof(DisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
-
 inline bool operator==(DisplayId lhs, DisplayId rhs) {
     return lhs.value == rhs.value;
 }
@@ -80,11 +90,8 @@
 
     // TODO(b/162612135) Remove default constructor
     PhysicalDisplayId() = default;
-    // TODO(b/162612135) Remove constructor
-    explicit constexpr PhysicalDisplayId(uint64_t id) : DisplayId(id) {}
 
     constexpr uint16_t getManufacturerId() const { return static_cast<uint16_t>(value >> 40); }
-
     constexpr uint8_t getPort() const { return static_cast<uint8_t>(value); }
 
 private:
@@ -96,10 +103,9 @@
     explicit constexpr PhysicalDisplayId(DisplayId other) : DisplayId(other) {}
 };
 
-static_assert(sizeof(PhysicalDisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
-
 struct VirtualDisplayId : DisplayId {
     using BaseId = uint32_t;
+
     // Flag indicating that this virtual display is backed by the GPU.
     static constexpr uint64_t FLAG_GPU = 1ULL << 61;
 
@@ -163,10 +169,23 @@
     explicit constexpr HalDisplayId(DisplayId other) : DisplayId(other) {}
 };
 
+constexpr std::optional<DisplayId> DisplayId::fromValue(uint64_t value) {
+    if (const auto id = fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(value)) {
+        return id;
+    }
+    if (const auto id = fromValue<VirtualDisplayId>(value)) {
+        return id;
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+static_assert(sizeof(DisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+static_assert(sizeof(HalDisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
 static_assert(sizeof(VirtualDisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+static_assert(sizeof(PhysicalDisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
 static_assert(sizeof(HalVirtualDisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
 static_assert(sizeof(GpuVirtualDisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
-static_assert(sizeof(HalDisplayId) == sizeof(uint64_t));
 
 } // namespace android
 
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayState.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayState.h
index 70a0d50..98ee356 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayState.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayState.h
@@ -16,21 +16,18 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Rotation.h>
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 namespace android::ui {
 
-using LayerStack = uint32_t;
-constexpr LayerStack NO_LAYER_STACK = static_cast<LayerStack>(-1);
-
 // Transactional state of physical or virtual display. Note that libgui defines
 // android::DisplayState as a superset of android::ui::DisplayState.
 struct DisplayState {
-    LayerStack layerStack = NO_LAYER_STACK;
+    LayerStack layerStack;
     Rotation orientation = ROTATION_0;
     Size layerStackSpaceRect;
 };
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/Fence.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/Fence.h
index 6efecd3..9aae145 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/Fence.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/Fence.h
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+namespace mock {
+class MockFence;
+}
+
 class String8;
 
 // ===========================================================================
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@
     // fence transitioned to the signaled state.  If the fence is not signaled
     // then SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING is returned.  If the fence is invalid or if an
     // error occurs then SIGNAL_TIME_INVALID is returned.
-    nsecs_t getSignalTime() const;
+    virtual nsecs_t getSignalTime() const;
 
     enum class Status {
         Invalid,     // Fence is invalid
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@
     // getStatus() returns whether the fence has signaled yet. Prefer this to
     // getSignalTime() or wait() if all you care about is whether the fence has
     // signaled.
-    inline Status getStatus() {
+    virtual inline Status getStatus() {
         // The sync_wait call underlying wait() has been measured to be
         // significantly faster than the sync_fence_info call underlying
         // getSignalTime(), which might otherwise appear to be the more obvious
@@ -144,7 +148,10 @@
 private:
     // Only allow instantiation using ref counting.
     friend class LightRefBase<Fence>;
-    ~Fence() = default;
+    virtual ~Fence() = default;
+
+    // Allow mocking for unit testing
+    friend class mock::MockFence;
 
     base::unique_fd mFenceFd;
 };
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h
index e199648..753b0a6 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc.h
@@ -178,6 +178,11 @@
             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* /*outSmpte2094_40*/) const {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
+    virtual status_t getSmpte2094_10(
+            buffer_handle_t /*bufferHandle*/,
+            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* /*outSmpte2094_10*/) const {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
 
     virtual status_t getDefaultPixelFormatFourCC(uint32_t /*width*/, uint32_t /*height*/,
                                                  PixelFormat /*format*/, uint32_t /*layerCount*/,
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h
index 4729cba..62f9e4a 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/Gralloc4.h
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@
                          std::optional<ui::Cta861_3>* outCta861_3) const override;
     status_t getSmpte2094_40(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
                              std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_40) const override;
+    status_t getSmpte2094_10(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
+                             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10) const override;
 
     status_t getDefaultPixelFormatFourCC(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                          uint32_t layerCount, uint64_t usage,
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h
index 837e3d8..257c155 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h
@@ -126,6 +126,8 @@
     status_t getCta861_3(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, std::optional<ui::Cta861_3>* outCta861_3);
     status_t getSmpte2094_40(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
                              std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_40);
+    status_t getSmpte2094_10(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
+                             std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* outSmpte2094_10);
 
     /**
      * Gets the default metadata for a gralloc buffer allocated with the given parameters.
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/LayerStack.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/LayerStack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6ffeb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/LayerStack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <ftl/cast.h>
+#include <ftl/string.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android::ui {
+
+// A LayerStack identifies a Z-ordered group of layers. A layer can only be associated to a single
+// LayerStack, but a LayerStack can be associated to multiple displays, mirroring the same content.
+struct LayerStack {
+    uint32_t id = UINT32_MAX;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr LayerStack fromValue(T v) {
+        if (ftl::cast_safety<uint32_t>(v) == ftl::CastSafety::kSafe) {
+            return {static_cast<uint32_t>(v)};
+        }
+
+        ALOGW("Invalid layer stack %s", ftl::to_string(v).c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+};
+
+constexpr LayerStack INVALID_LAYER_STACK;
+constexpr LayerStack DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK{0u};
+
+inline bool operator==(LayerStack lhs, LayerStack rhs) {
+    return lhs.id == rhs.id;
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(LayerStack lhs, LayerStack rhs) {
+    return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>(LayerStack lhs, LayerStack rhs) {
+    return lhs.id > rhs.id;
+}
+
+// A LayerFilter determines if a layer is included for output to a display.
+struct LayerFilter {
+    LayerStack layerStack;
+
+    // True if the layer is only output to internal displays, i.e. excluded from screenshots, screen
+    // recordings, and mirroring to virtual or external displays. Used for display cutout overlays.
+    bool toInternalDisplay = false;
+
+    // Returns true if the input filter can be output to this filter.
+    bool includes(LayerFilter other) const {
+        // The layer stacks must match.
+        if (other.layerStack == INVALID_LAYER_STACK || other.layerStack != layerStack) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The output must be to an internal display if the input filter has that constraint.
+        return !other.toInternalDisplay || toInternalDisplay;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace android::ui
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/PixelFormat.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/PixelFormat.h
index 02773d9..f422ce4 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/PixelFormat.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/PixelFormat.h
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@
     PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_4444    = 7,                             // 16-bit ARGB
     PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16    = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16,    // 64-bit RGBA
     PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102 = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102, // 32-bit RGBA
+    PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8          = 0x38,
 };
 
 typedef int32_t PixelFormat;
 
 uint32_t bytesPerPixel(PixelFormat format);
-uint32_t bitsPerPixel(PixelFormat format);
 
 }; // namespace android
 
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/Size.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/Size.h
index f1e8252..ecc192d 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/Size.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/Size.h
@@ -23,103 +23,70 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
-namespace android {
-namespace ui {
+namespace android::ui {
 
-// Forward declare a few things.
-struct Size;
-bool operator==(const Size& lhs, const Size& rhs);
-
-/**
- * A simple value type representing a two-dimensional size
- */
+// A simple value type representing a two-dimensional size.
 struct Size {
-    int32_t width;
-    int32_t height;
+    int32_t width = -1;
+    int32_t height = -1;
 
-    // Special values
-    static const Size INVALID;
-    static const Size EMPTY;
+    constexpr Size() = default;
 
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Construction
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    Size() : Size(INVALID) {}
     template <typename T>
-    Size(T&& w, T&& h)
-          : width(Size::clamp<int32_t, T>(std::forward<T>(w))),
-            height(Size::clamp<int32_t, T>(std::forward<T>(h))) {}
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Accessors
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    constexpr Size(T w, T h) : width(clamp<int32_t>(w)), height(clamp<int32_t>(h)) {}
 
     int32_t getWidth() const { return width; }
     int32_t getHeight() const { return height; }
 
-    template <typename T>
-    void setWidth(T&& v) {
-        width = Size::clamp<int32_t, T>(std::forward<T>(v));
-    }
-    template <typename T>
-    void setHeight(T&& v) {
-        height = Size::clamp<int32_t, T>(std::forward<T>(v));
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Assignment
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    void set(const Size& size) { *this = size; }
-    template <typename T>
-    void set(T&& w, T&& h) {
-        set(Size(std::forward<T>(w), std::forward<T>(h)));
-    }
-
-    // Sets the value to INVALID
-    void makeInvalid() { set(INVALID); }
-
-    // Sets the value to EMPTY
-    void clear() { set(EMPTY); }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Semantic checks
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
     // Valid means non-negative width and height
     bool isValid() const { return width >= 0 && height >= 0; }
 
     // Empty means zero width and height
-    bool isEmpty() const { return *this == EMPTY; }
+    bool isEmpty() const;
 
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Clamp Helpers
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    // Note: We use only features available in C++11 here for compatibility with
-    // external targets which include this file directly or indirectly and which
-    // themselves use C++11.
-
-    // C++11 compatible replacement for std::remove_cv_reference_t [C++20]
     template <typename T>
-    using remove_cv_reference_t =
-            typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type;
+    void setWidth(T v) {
+        width = clamp<int32_t>(v);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void setHeight(T v) {
+        height = clamp<int32_t>(v);
+    }
+
+    void set(Size size) { *this = size; }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void set(T w, T h) {
+        set(Size(w, h));
+    }
+
+    // Sets the value to kInvalidSize
+    void makeInvalid();
+
+    // Sets the value to kEmptySize
+    void clear();
+
+    // TODO: Replace with std::remove_cvref_t in C++20.
+    template <typename T>
+    using remove_cvref_t = std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>;
 
     // Takes a value of type FromType, and ensures it can be represented as a value of type ToType,
     // clamping the input value to the output range if necessary.
     template <typename ToType, typename FromType>
-    static Size::remove_cv_reference_t<ToType>
-    clamp(typename std::enable_if<
-            std::numeric_limits<Size::remove_cv_reference_t<ToType>>::is_specialized &&
-                    std::numeric_limits<Size::remove_cv_reference_t<FromType>>::is_specialized,
-            FromType>::type v) {
-        using BareToType = remove_cv_reference_t<ToType>;
-        using BareFromType = remove_cv_reference_t<FromType>;
-        static constexpr auto toHighest = std::numeric_limits<BareToType>::max();
-        static constexpr auto toLowest = std::numeric_limits<BareToType>::lowest();
-        static constexpr auto fromHighest = std::numeric_limits<BareFromType>::max();
-        static constexpr auto fromLowest = std::numeric_limits<BareFromType>::lowest();
+    static constexpr remove_cvref_t<ToType> clamp(FromType v) {
+        using BareToType = remove_cvref_t<ToType>;
+        using ToLimits = std::numeric_limits<BareToType>;
+
+        using BareFromType = remove_cvref_t<FromType>;
+        using FromLimits = std::numeric_limits<BareFromType>;
+
+        static_assert(ToLimits::is_specialized && FromLimits::is_specialized);
+
+        constexpr auto toHighest = ToLimits::max();
+        constexpr auto toLowest = ToLimits::lowest();
+        constexpr auto fromHighest = FromLimits::max();
+        constexpr auto fromLowest = FromLimits::lowest();
 
         // Get the closest representation of [toLowest, toHighest] in type
         // FromType to use to clamp the input value before conversion.
@@ -127,37 +94,35 @@
         // std::common_type<...> is used to get a value-preserving type for the
         // top end of the range.
         using CommonHighestType = std::common_type_t<BareToType, BareFromType>;
+        using CommonLimits = std::numeric_limits<CommonHighestType>;
 
         // std::make_signed<std::common_type<...>> is used to get a
         // value-preserving type for the bottom end of the range, except this is
         // a bit trickier for non-integer types like float.
-        using CommonLowestType =
-                std::conditional_t<std::numeric_limits<CommonHighestType>::is_integer,
-                                   std::make_signed_t<std::conditional_t<
-                                           std::numeric_limits<CommonHighestType>::is_integer,
-                                           CommonHighestType, int /* not used */>>,
-                                   CommonHighestType>;
+        using CommonLowestType = std::conditional_t<
+                CommonLimits::is_integer,
+                std::make_signed_t<std::conditional_t<CommonLimits::is_integer, CommonHighestType,
+                                                      int /* not used */>>,
+                CommonHighestType>;
 
         // We can then compute the clamp range in a way that can be later
         // trivially converted to either the 'from' or 'to' types, and be
-        // representabile in either.
-        static constexpr auto commonClampHighest =
-                std::min(static_cast<CommonHighestType>(fromHighest),
-                         static_cast<CommonHighestType>(toHighest));
-        static constexpr auto commonClampLowest =
-                std::max(static_cast<CommonLowestType>(fromLowest),
-                         static_cast<CommonLowestType>(toLowest));
+        // representable in either.
+        constexpr auto commonClampHighest = std::min(static_cast<CommonHighestType>(fromHighest),
+                                                     static_cast<CommonHighestType>(toHighest));
+        constexpr auto commonClampLowest = std::max(static_cast<CommonLowestType>(fromLowest),
+                                                    static_cast<CommonLowestType>(toLowest));
 
-        static constexpr auto fromClampHighest = static_cast<BareFromType>(commonClampHighest);
-        static constexpr auto fromClampLowest = static_cast<BareFromType>(commonClampLowest);
+        constexpr auto fromClampHighest = static_cast<BareFromType>(commonClampHighest);
+        constexpr auto fromClampLowest = static_cast<BareFromType>(commonClampLowest);
 
         // A clamp is needed only if the range we are clamping to is not the
         // same as the range of the input.
-        static constexpr bool isClampNeeded =
+        constexpr bool isClampNeeded =
                 (fromLowest != fromClampLowest) || (fromHighest != fromClampHighest);
 
         // If a clamp is not needed, the conversion is just a trivial cast.
-        if (!isClampNeeded) {
+        if constexpr (!isClampNeeded) {
             return static_cast<BareToType>(v);
         }
 
@@ -170,34 +135,46 @@
 
         // Otherwise clamping is done by using the already computed endpoints
         // for each type.
-        return (v <= fromClampLowest)
-                ? toClampLowest
-                : ((v >= fromClampHighest) ? toClampHighest : static_cast<BareToType>(v));
+        if (v <= fromClampLowest) {
+            return toClampLowest;
+        }
+
+        return v >= fromClampHighest ? toClampHighest : static_cast<BareToType>(v);
     }
 };
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Comparisons
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+constexpr Size kInvalidSize;
+constexpr Size kEmptySize{0, 0};
 
-inline bool operator==(const Size& lhs, const Size& rhs) {
+inline void Size::makeInvalid() {
+    set(kInvalidSize);
+}
+
+inline void Size::clear() {
+    set(kEmptySize);
+}
+
+inline bool operator==(Size lhs, Size rhs) {
     return lhs.width == rhs.width && lhs.height == rhs.height;
 }
 
-inline bool operator!=(const Size& lhs, const Size& rhs) {
-    return !operator==(lhs, rhs);
+inline bool Size::isEmpty() const {
+    return *this == kEmptySize;
 }
 
-inline bool operator<(const Size& lhs, const Size& rhs) {
+inline bool operator!=(Size lhs, Size rhs) {
+    return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<(Size lhs, Size rhs) {
     // Orders by increasing width, then height.
     if (lhs.width != rhs.width) return lhs.width < rhs.width;
     return lhs.height < rhs.height;
 }
 
 // Defining PrintTo helps with Google Tests.
-static inline void PrintTo(const Size& size, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    *os << "Size(" << size.width << ", " << size.height << ")";
+inline void PrintTo(Size size, std::ostream* stream) {
+    *stream << "Size(" << size.width << ", " << size.height << ')';
 }
 
-} // namespace ui
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::ui
diff --git a/libs/ui/include_mock/ui/MockFence.h b/libs/ui/include_mock/ui/MockFence.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71adee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/include_mock/ui/MockFence.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <ui/Fence.h>
+
+namespace android::mock {
+
+class MockFence : public android::Fence {
+public:
+    MockFence() = default;
+    virtual ~MockFence() = default;
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(nsecs_t, getSignalTime, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getStatus, (), (override));
+};
+
+}; // namespace android::mock
diff --git a/libs/ui/include_types/ui/GraphicTypes.h b/libs/ui/include_types/ui/GraphicTypes.h
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..b1859e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/include_types/ui/GraphicTypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../include/ui/GraphicTypes.h
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp b/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp
index 516aad8..0ee15f2 100644
--- a/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp
@@ -27,28 +27,40 @@
     name: "Region_test",
     shared_libs: ["libui"],
     srcs: ["Region_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
     name: "colorspace_test",
     shared_libs: ["libui"],
     srcs: ["colorspace_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
     name: "DisplayId_test",
     shared_libs: ["libui"],
     srcs: ["DisplayId_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
     name: "FlattenableHelpers_test",
     shared_libs: ["libui"],
     srcs: ["FlattenableHelpers_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
@@ -68,7 +80,10 @@
         "GraphicBufferAllocator_test.cpp",
         "mock/MockGrallocAllocator.cpp",
     ],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
@@ -83,14 +98,20 @@
         "libutils",
     ],
     srcs: ["GraphicBuffer_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
 
 // This test has a main method, and requires a separate binary to be built.
 cc_test {
     name: "GraphicBufferOverBinder_test",
     srcs: ["GraphicBufferOverBinder_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbinder",
         "libgui",
@@ -105,7 +126,10 @@
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     shared_libs: ["libui"],
     srcs: ["Rect_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
@@ -113,5 +137,29 @@
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     shared_libs: ["libui"],
     srcs: ["Size_test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "MockFence_test",
+    shared_libs: ["libui"],
+    static_libs: ["libgmock"],
+    srcs: ["MockFence_test.cpp"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "Transform_test",
+    shared_libs: ["libui"],
+    srcs: ["Transform_test.cpp"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/DisplayId_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/DisplayId_test.cpp
index 1d908b8..8ddee7e 100644
--- a/libs/ui/tests/DisplayId_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/DisplayId_test.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(GpuVirtualDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_TRUE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_TRUE(HalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue(id.value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(id.value));
 }
 
 TEST(DisplayIdTest, createPhysicalIdFromPort) {
@@ -43,6 +46,9 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(GpuVirtualDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_TRUE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_TRUE(HalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue(id.value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(id.value));
 }
 
 TEST(DisplayIdTest, createGpuVirtualId) {
@@ -52,6 +58,9 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(HalVirtualDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_FALSE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_FALSE(HalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue(id.value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue<GpuVirtualDisplayId>(id.value));
 }
 
 TEST(DisplayIdTest, createHalVirtualId) {
@@ -61,6 +70,9 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(GpuVirtualDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_FALSE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
     EXPECT_TRUE(HalDisplayId::tryCast(id));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue(id.value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(id, DisplayId::fromValue<HalVirtualDisplayId>(id.value));
 }
 
 } // namespace android::ui
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/MockFence_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/MockFence_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40dddc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/MockFence_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ui/MockFence.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android::ui {
+
+using testing::Return;
+
+class MockFenceTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+    sp<Fence> getFenceForTesting() const { return mMockFence; }
+
+    const mock::MockFence& getMockFence() const { return *mMockFence; }
+
+private:
+    sp<mock::MockFence> mMockFence = sp<mock::MockFence>::make();
+};
+
+TEST_F(MockFenceTest, getSignalTime) {
+    sp<Fence> fence = getFenceForTesting();
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(getMockFence(), getSignalTime).WillOnce(Return(Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING, fence->getSignalTime());
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(getMockFence(), getSignalTime).WillOnce(Return(1234));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, fence->getSignalTime());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MockFenceTest, getStatus) {
+    sp<Fence> fence = getFenceForTesting();
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(getMockFence(), getStatus).WillOnce(Return(Fence::Status::Unsignaled));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Fence::Status::Unsignaled, fence->getStatus());
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(getMockFence(), getStatus).WillOnce(Return(Fence::Status::Signaled));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Fence::Status::Signaled, fence->getStatus());
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(getMockFence(), getStatus).WillOnce(Return(Fence::Status::Invalid));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Fence::Status::Invalid, fence->getStatus());
+}
+} // namespace android::ui
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/Size_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/Size_test.cpp
index 5f75aea..acef47f 100644
--- a/libs/ui/tests/Size_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/Size_test.cpp
@@ -93,9 +93,8 @@
     }
 
     {
-        const auto& s = Size::INVALID;
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s.isValid());
-        EXPECT_FALSE(s.isEmpty());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(kInvalidSize.isValid());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(kInvalidSize.isEmpty());
     }
 
     {
@@ -112,9 +111,8 @@
     }
 
     {
-        const auto& s = Size::EMPTY;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.isValid());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(s.isEmpty());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(kEmptySize.isValid());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(kEmptySize.isEmpty());
     }
 
     {
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/Transform_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/Transform_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6964284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/Transform_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ui/Transform.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android::ui {
+
+TEST(TransformTest, inverseRotation_hasCorrectType) {
+    const auto testRotationFlagsForInverse = [](Transform::RotationFlags rotation,
+                                                Transform::RotationFlags expectedInverse,
+                                                bool isRotation) {
+        const Transform t(rotation, 0, 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(t.getOrientation(), rotation);
+        const Transform inverse = t.inverse();
+        EXPECT_EQ(inverse.getOrientation(), expectedInverse);
+
+        if (isRotation) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(t.getType() & Transform::ROTATE);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(inverse.getType() & Transform::ROTATE);
+        } else {
+            EXPECT_FALSE(t.getType() & Transform::ROTATE);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(inverse.getType() & Transform::ROTATE);
+        }
+    };
+
+    testRotationFlagsForInverse(Transform::ROT_0, Transform::ROT_0, false);
+    testRotationFlagsForInverse(Transform::ROT_90, Transform::ROT_270, true);
+    testRotationFlagsForInverse(Transform::ROT_180, Transform::ROT_180, true);
+    testRotationFlagsForInverse(Transform::ROT_270, Transform::ROT_90, true);
+    testRotationFlagsForInverse(Transform::FLIP_H, Transform::FLIP_H, false);
+    testRotationFlagsForInverse(Transform::FLIP_V, Transform::FLIP_V, false);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::ui
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index bf848af..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-sourceFiles = [
-    "acquired_buffer.cpp",
-    "epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp",
-    "display_manager_service.cpp",
-    "display_service.cpp",
-    "display_surface.cpp",
-    "hardware_composer.cpp",
-    "vr_flinger.cpp",
-]
-
-includeFiles = [ "include" ]
-
-staticLibraries = [
-    "libdisplay",
-    "libdvrcommon",
-    "libperformance",
-    "libvrsensor",
-    "libbroadcastring",
-    "libvr_manager",
-    "libbroadcastring",
-]
-
-sharedLibraries = [
-    "android.frameworks.vr.composer@2.0",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbase",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "liblog",
-    "libhardware",
-    "libnativewindow",
-    "libprocessgroup",
-    "libutils",
-    "libEGL",
-    "libGLESv1_CM",
-    "libGLESv2",
-    "libvulkan",
-    "libui",
-    "libgui",
-    "libsync",
-    "libhidlbase",
-    "libfmq",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-]
-
-headerLibraries = [
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
-    "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
-    "libdvr_headers",
-    "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
-]
-
-cc_library_static {
-    srcs: sourceFiles,
-    export_include_dirs: includeFiles,
-
-    clang: true,
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"vr_flinger\"",
-        "-DTRACE=0",
-        "-DATRACE_TAG=ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS",
-        "-DGL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
-        "-DEGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-error=sign-compare", // to fix later
-        "-Wno-unused-variable",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: sharedLibraries,
-    whole_static_libs: staticLibraries,
-    header_libs: headerLibraries,
-    name: "libvrflinger",
-}
-
-subdirs = [
-    "tests",
-]
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c360dee..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <sync/sync.h>
-
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer,
-                               LocalHandle acquire_fence, std::size_t slot)
-    : buffer_(buffer), acquire_fence_(std::move(acquire_fence)), slot_(slot) {}
-
-AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer,
-                               int* error) {
-  LocalHandle fence;
-  const int ret = buffer->Acquire(&fence);
-
-  if (error)
-    *error = ret;
-
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGW("AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer: Failed to acquire buffer: %s",
-          strerror(-ret));
-    buffer_ = nullptr;
-    // Default construct sets acquire_fence_ to empty.
-  } else {
-    buffer_ = buffer;
-    acquire_fence_ = std::move(fence);
-  }
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer::AcquiredBuffer(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept {
-  *this = std::move(other);
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer::~AcquiredBuffer() { Release(LocalHandle(kEmptyFence)); }
-
-AcquiredBuffer& AcquiredBuffer::operator=(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept {
-  if (this != &other) {
-    Release();
-
-    using std::swap;
-    swap(buffer_, other.buffer_);
-    swap(acquire_fence_, other.acquire_fence_);
-    swap(slot_, other.slot_);
-  }
-  return *this;
-}
-
-bool AcquiredBuffer::IsAvailable() const {
-  if (IsEmpty())
-    return false;
-
-  // Only check the fence if the acquire fence is not empty.
-  if (acquire_fence_) {
-    const int ret = sync_wait(acquire_fence_.Get(), 0);
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE || (ret < 0 && errno != ETIME),
-             "AcquiredBuffer::IsAvailable: buffer_id=%d acquire_fence=%d "
-             "sync_wait()=%d errno=%d.",
-             buffer_->id(), acquire_fence_.Get(), ret, ret < 0 ? errno : 0);
-    if (ret == 0) {
-      // The fence is completed, so to avoid further calls to sync_wait we close
-      // it here.
-      acquire_fence_.Close();
-    }
-    return ret == 0;
-  } else {
-    return true;
-  }
-}
-
-LocalHandle AcquiredBuffer::ClaimAcquireFence() {
-  return std::move(acquire_fence_);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> AcquiredBuffer::ClaimBuffer() {
-  return std::move(buffer_);
-}
-
-int AcquiredBuffer::Release(LocalHandle release_fence) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "AcquiredBuffer::Release: buffer_id=%d release_fence=%d",
-           buffer_ ? buffer_->id() : -1, release_fence.Get());
-  if (buffer_) {
-    const int ret = buffer_->ReleaseAsync();
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      ALOGE("AcquiredBuffer::Release: Failed to release buffer %d: %s",
-            buffer_->id(), strerror(-ret));
-      if (ret != -ESHUTDOWN)
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    buffer_ = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  acquire_fence_.Close();
-  slot_ = 0;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7643e75..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/acquired_buffer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_ACQUIRED_BUFFER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_ACQUIRED_BUFFER_H_
-
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <private/dvr/consumer_buffer.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// Manages the ACQUIRE/RELEASE ownership cycle of a ConsumerBuffer.
-class AcquiredBuffer {
- public:
-  static constexpr int kEmptyFence = pdx::LocalHandle::kEmptyFileHandle;
-
-  AcquiredBuffer() : buffer_(nullptr), acquire_fence_(kEmptyFence) {}
-
-  // Constructs an AcquiredBuffer from a ConsumerBuffer pointer and an acquire
-  // fence. The ConsumerBuffer MUST be in the ACQUIRED state prior to calling
-  // this constructor; the constructor does not attempt to ACQUIRE the buffer
-  // itself.
-  AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer,
-                 pdx::LocalHandle acquire_fence, std::size_t slot = 0);
-
-  // Constructs an AcquiredBuffer from a ConsumerBuffer. The ConsumerBuffer MUST
-  // be in the POSTED state prior to calling this constructor, as this
-  // constructor attempts to ACQUIRE the buffer. If ACQUIRING the buffer fails
-  // this instance is left in the empty state. An optional error code is
-  // returned in |error|, which may be nullptr if not needed.
-  AcquiredBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer>& buffer, int* error);
-
-  // Move constructor. Behaves similarly to the move assignment operator below.
-  AcquiredBuffer(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept;
-
-  ~AcquiredBuffer();
-
-  // Move assignment operator. Moves the ConsumerBuffer and acquire fence from
-  // |other| into this instance after RELEASING the current ConsumerBuffer and
-  // closing the acquire fence. After the move |other| is left in the empty
-  // state.
-  AcquiredBuffer& operator=(AcquiredBuffer&& other) noexcept;
-
-  // Accessors for the underlying ConsumerBuffer, the acquire fence, and the
-  // use-case specific sequence value from the acquisition (see
-  // private/dvr/consumer_buffer.h).
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> buffer() const { return buffer_; }
-  int acquire_fence() const { return acquire_fence_.Get(); }
-
-  // When non-empty, returns true if the acquired fence was signaled (or if the
-  // fence is empty). Returns false when empty or if the fence is not signaled.
-  bool IsAvailable() const;
-
-  bool IsEmpty() const { return buffer_ == nullptr; }
-
-  // Returns the acquire fence, passing ownership to the caller.
-  pdx::LocalHandle ClaimAcquireFence();
-
-  // Returns the buffer, passing ownership to the caller. Caller is responsible
-  // for calling Release on the returned buffer.
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> ClaimBuffer();
-
-  // Releases the ConsumerBuffer, passing the release fence in |release_fence|
-  // to the producer. On success, the ConsumerBuffer and acquire fence are set
-  // to empty state; if release fails, the ConsumerBuffer and acquire fence are
-  // left in place and a negative error code is returned.
-  int Release(pdx::LocalHandle release_fence = {});
-
-  // Returns the slot in the queue this buffer belongs to. Buffers that are not
-  // part of a queue return 0.
-  std::size_t slot() const { return slot_; }
-
- private:
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerBuffer> buffer_;
-  // Mutable so that the fence can be closed when it is determined to be
-  // signaled during IsAvailable().
-  mutable pdx::LocalHandle acquire_fence_;
-  std::size_t slot_{0};
-
-  AcquiredBuffer(const AcquiredBuffer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const AcquiredBuffer&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_ACQUIRED_BUFFER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 34b3b0a..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-#include "display_manager_service.h"
-
-#include <pdx/channel_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/service_endpoint.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-#include <private/dvr/trusted_uids.h>
-#include <sys/poll.h>
-
-#include <array>
-
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayManagerProtocol;
-using android::pdx::Channel;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::Message;
-using android::pdx::default_transport::Endpoint;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::rpc::DispatchRemoteMethod;
-using android::pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf;
-using android::pdx::rpc::RemoteMethodError;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-void DisplayManager::SetNotificationsPending(bool pending) {
-  auto status = service_->ModifyChannelEvents(channel_id_, pending ? 0 : POLLIN,
-                                              pending ? POLLIN : 0);
-  ALOGE_IF(!status,
-           "DisplayManager::SetNotificationPending: Failed to modify channel "
-           "events: %s",
-           status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-}
-
-DisplayManagerService::DisplayManagerService(
-    const std::shared_ptr<DisplayService>& display_service)
-    : BASE("DisplayManagerService",
-           Endpoint::Create(DisplayManagerProtocol::kClientPath)),
-      display_service_(display_service) {
-  display_service_->SetDisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier(
-      std::bind(&DisplayManagerService::OnDisplaySurfaceChange, this));
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel> DisplayManagerService::OnChannelOpen(
-    pdx::Message& message) {
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-  const bool trusted = user_id == AID_ROOT || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-
-  // Check if the display_manager_ has a defunct channel.
-  if (display_manager_ && !HasChannelId(display_manager_->channel_id())) {
-    ALOGE("DisplayManagerService::OnChannelOpen: Found defunct channel %d with "
-          "no OnChannelClose, clearing prior display manager.",
-          display_manager_->channel_id());
-    display_manager_ = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  // Prevent more than one display manager from registering at a time or
-  // untrusted UIDs from connecting.
-  if (display_manager_ || !trusted) {
-    RemoteMethodError(message, EPERM);
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  display_manager_ =
-      std::make_shared<DisplayManager>(this, message.GetChannelId());
-  return display_manager_;
-}
-
-void DisplayManagerService::OnChannelClose(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, const std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel>& channel) {
-  // Unregister the display manager when the channel closes.
-  if (display_manager_ == channel)
-    display_manager_ = nullptr;
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> DisplayManagerService::HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("DisplayManagerService::HandleMessage");
-  auto channel = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplayManager>(message.GetChannel());
-
-  switch (message.GetOp()) {
-    case DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceState::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceState>(
-          *this, &DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceState, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceQueue::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayManagerProtocol::GetSurfaceQueue>(
-          *this, &DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceQueue, message);
-      return {};
-
-    default:
-      return Service::DefaultHandleMessage(message);
-  }
-}
-
-pdx::Status<std::vector<display::SurfaceState>>
-DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceState(pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  std::vector<display::SurfaceState> items;
-
-  display_service_->ForEachDisplaySurface(
-      SurfaceType::Application,
-      [&items](const std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>& surface) mutable {
-        items.push_back({surface->surface_id(), surface->process_id(),
-                         surface->user_id(), surface->attributes(),
-                         surface->update_flags(), surface->GetQueueIds()});
-        surface->ClearUpdate();
-      });
-
-  // The fact that we're in the message handler implies that display_manager_ is
-  // not nullptr. No check required, unless this service becomes multi-threaded.
-  display_manager_->SetNotificationsPending(false);
-  return items;
-}
-
-pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceQueue(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, int surface_id, int queue_id) {
-  auto surface = display_service_->GetDisplaySurface(surface_id);
-  if (!surface || surface->surface_type() != SurfaceType::Application)
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-
-  auto queue =
-      std::static_pointer_cast<ApplicationDisplaySurface>(surface)->GetQueue(
-          queue_id);
-  if (!queue)
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-
-  auto status = queue->CreateConsumerQueueHandle();
-  ALOGE_IF(
-      !status,
-      "DisplayManagerService::OnGetSurfaceQueue: Failed to create consumer "
-      "queue for queue_id=%d: %s",
-      queue->id(), status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-
-  return status;
-}
-
-void DisplayManagerService::OnDisplaySurfaceChange() {
-  if (display_manager_)
-    display_manager_->SetNotificationsPending(true);
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3133fe1..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_manager_service.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_VRFLINGER_DISPLAY_MANAGER_SERVICE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_VRFLINGER_DISPLAY_MANAGER_SERVICE_H_
-
-#include <pdx/service.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-
-#include "display_service.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class DisplayManagerService;
-
-// The display manager is a client of the display manager service. This class
-// represents the connected client that the display manager service sends
-// notifications to.
-class DisplayManager : public pdx::Channel {
- public:
-  DisplayManager(DisplayManagerService* service, int channel_id)
-      : service_(service), channel_id_(channel_id) {}
-
-  int channel_id() const { return channel_id_; }
-
-  // Sets or clears the channel event mask to indicate pending events that the
-  // display manager on the other end of the channel should read and handle.
-  // When |pending| is true the POLLIN bit is set in the event mask; when
-  // |pending| is false the POLLIN bit is cleared in the event mask.
-  void SetNotificationsPending(bool pending);
-
- private:
-  DisplayManager(const DisplayManager&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayManager&) = delete;
-
-  DisplayManagerService* service_;
-  int channel_id_;
-};
-
-// The display manager service marshalls state and events from the display
-// service to the display manager.
-class DisplayManagerService : public pdx::ServiceBase<DisplayManagerService> {
- public:
-  std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel> OnChannelOpen(pdx::Message& message) override;
-  void OnChannelClose(pdx::Message& message,
-                      const std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel>& channel) override;
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) override;
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-
-  explicit DisplayManagerService(
-      const std::shared_ptr<DisplayService>& display_service);
-
-  pdx::Status<std::vector<display::SurfaceState>> OnGetSurfaceState(
-      pdx::Message& message);
-  pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnGetSurfaceQueue(pdx::Message& message,
-                                                         int surface_id,
-                                                         int queue_id);
-
-  // Called by the display service to indicate changes to display surfaces that
-  // the display manager should evaluate.
-  void OnDisplaySurfaceChange();
-
-  DisplayManagerService(const DisplayManagerService&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayManagerService&) = delete;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<DisplayService> display_service_;
-  std::shared_ptr<DisplayManager> display_manager_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_VRFLINGER_DISPLAY_MANAGER_SERVICE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 582fed3..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,437 +0,0 @@
-#include "display_service.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <dvr/dvr_display_types.h>
-#include <pdx/default_transport/service_endpoint.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/remote_method.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-#include <private/dvr/numeric.h>
-#include <private/dvr/trusted_uids.h>
-#include <private/dvr/types.h>
-
-#include "DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.h"
-
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayProtocol;
-using android::pdx::Channel;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::Message;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::default_transport::Endpoint;
-using android::pdx::rpc::DispatchRemoteMethod;
-
-namespace {
-
-const char kDvrLensMetricsProperty[] = "ro.dvr.lens_metrics";
-const char kDvrDeviceMetricsProperty[] = "ro.dvr.device_metrics";
-const char kDvrDeviceConfigProperty[] = "ro.dvr.device_configuration";
-
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-DisplayService::DisplayService(Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-                               hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                               RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback)
-    : BASE("DisplayService",
-           Endpoint::Create(display::DisplayProtocol::kClientPath)) {
-    hardware_composer_.Initialize(
-        hidl, primary_display_id, request_display_callback);
-}
-
-bool DisplayService::IsInitialized() const {
-  return BASE::IsInitialized() && hardware_composer_.IsInitialized();
-}
-
-std::string DisplayService::DumpState(size_t /*max_length*/) {
-  std::ostringstream stream;
-
-  auto surfaces = GetDisplaySurfaces();
-  std::sort(surfaces.begin(), surfaces.end(), [](const auto& a, const auto& b) {
-    return a->surface_id() < b->surface_id();
-  });
-
-  stream << "Application Surfaces:" << std::endl;
-
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (const auto& surface : surfaces) {
-    if (surface->surface_type() == SurfaceType::Application) {
-      stream << "Surface " << count++ << ":";
-      stream << " surface_id=" << surface->surface_id()
-             << " process_id=" << surface->process_id()
-             << " user_id=" << surface->user_id()
-             << " visible=" << surface->visible()
-             << " z_order=" << surface->z_order();
-
-      stream << " queue_ids=";
-      auto queue_ids = surface->GetQueueIds();
-      std::sort(queue_ids.begin(), queue_ids.end());
-      for (int32_t id : queue_ids) {
-        if (id != queue_ids[0])
-          stream << ",";
-        stream << id;
-      }
-      stream << std::endl;
-    }
-  }
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  stream << "Direct Surfaces:" << std::endl;
-
-  count = 0;
-  for (const auto& surface : surfaces) {
-    if (surface->surface_type() == SurfaceType::Direct) {
-      stream << "Surface " << count++ << ":";
-      stream << " surface_id=" << surface->surface_id()
-             << " process_id=" << surface->process_id()
-             << " user_id=" << surface->user_id()
-             << " visible=" << surface->visible()
-             << " z_order=" << surface->z_order();
-
-      stream << " queue_ids=";
-      auto queue_ids = surface->GetQueueIds();
-      std::sort(queue_ids.begin(), queue_ids.end());
-      for (int32_t id : queue_ids) {
-        if (id != queue_ids[0])
-          stream << ",";
-        stream << id;
-      }
-      stream << std::endl;
-    }
-  }
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  stream << hardware_composer_.Dump();
-  return stream.str();
-}
-
-void DisplayService::OnChannelClose(pdx::Message& message,
-                                    const std::shared_ptr<Channel>& channel) {
-  if (auto surface = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(channel)) {
-    surface->OnSetAttributes(message,
-                             {{display::SurfaceAttribute::Visible,
-                               display::SurfaceAttributeValue{false}}});
-  }
-}
-
-// First-level dispatch for display service messages. Directly handles messages
-// that are independent of the display surface (metrics, creation) and routes
-// surface-specific messages to the per-instance handlers.
-Status<void> DisplayService::HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::HandleMessage: opcode=%d", message.GetOp());
-  ATRACE_NAME("DisplayService::HandleMessage");
-
-  switch (message.GetOp()) {
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetMetrics::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetMetrics>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetMetrics, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetConfigurationData::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetConfigurationData>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetConfigurationData, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetDisplayIdentificationPort::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetDisplayIdentificationPort>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetDisplayIdentificationPort, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::CreateSurface::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::CreateSurface>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnCreateSurface, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::SetupGlobalBuffer::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::SetupGlobalBuffer>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnSetupGlobalBuffer, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::DeleteGlobalBuffer::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::DeleteGlobalBuffer>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnDeleteGlobalBuffer, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetGlobalBuffer::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetGlobalBuffer>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::OnGetGlobalBuffer, message);
-      return {};
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::IsVrAppRunning::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::IsVrAppRunning>(
-          *this, &DisplayService::IsVrAppRunning, message);
-      return {};
-
-    // Direct the surface specific messages to the surface instance.
-    case DisplayProtocol::SetAttributes::Opcode:
-    case DisplayProtocol::CreateQueue::Opcode:
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetSurfaceInfo::Opcode:
-      return HandleSurfaceMessage(message);
-
-    default:
-      return Service::HandleMessage(message);
-  }
-}
-
-Status<display::Metrics> DisplayService::OnGetMetrics(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  const auto& params = hardware_composer_.GetPrimaryDisplayParams();
-  return {{static_cast<uint32_t>(params.width),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.height),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.dpi.x),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.dpi.y),
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(params.vsync_period_ns),
-           0,
-           0,
-           0,
-           0.0,
-           {},
-           {}}};
-}
-
-pdx::Status<std::string> DisplayService::OnGetConfigurationData(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, display::ConfigFileType config_type) {
-  std::string property_name;
-  DisplayIdentificationData display_identification_data;
-  switch (config_type) {
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kLensMetrics:
-      property_name = kDvrLensMetricsProperty;
-      break;
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kDeviceMetrics:
-      property_name = kDvrDeviceMetricsProperty;
-      break;
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kDeviceConfiguration:
-      property_name = kDvrDeviceConfigProperty;
-      break;
-    case display::ConfigFileType::kDeviceEdid:
-      display_identification_data =
-          hardware_composer_.GetCurrentDisplayIdentificationData();
-      if (display_identification_data.size() == 0) {
-        return ErrorStatus(ENOENT);
-      }
-      return std::string(display_identification_data.begin(),
-                         display_identification_data.end());
-    default:
-      return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-  std::string file_path = base::GetProperty(property_name, "");
-  if (file_path.empty()) {
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOENT);
-  }
-
-  std::string data;
-  if (!base::ReadFileToString(file_path, &data)) {
-    return ErrorStatus(errno);
-  }
-
-  return std::move(data);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<uint8_t> DisplayService::OnGetDisplayIdentificationPort(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  return hardware_composer_.GetCurrentDisplayPort();
-}
-
-// Creates a new DisplaySurface and associates it with this channel. This may
-// only be done once per channel.
-Status<display::SurfaceInfo> DisplayService::OnCreateSurface(
-    pdx::Message& message, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  // A surface may only be created once per channel.
-  if (message.GetChannel())
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-
-  ALOGI_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::OnCreateSurface: cid=%d",
-           message.GetChannelId());
-
-  // Use the channel id as the unique surface id.
-  const int surface_id = message.GetChannelId();
-  const int process_id = message.GetProcessId();
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-
-  ALOGI_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplayService::OnCreateSurface: surface_id=%d process_id=%d",
-           surface_id, process_id);
-
-  auto surface_status =
-      DisplaySurface::Create(this, surface_id, process_id, user_id, attributes);
-  if (!surface_status) {
-    ALOGE("DisplayService::OnCreateSurface: Failed to create surface: %s",
-          surface_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return ErrorStatus(surface_status.error());
-  }
-  auto surface = surface_status.take();
-  message.SetChannel(surface);
-
-  // Update the surface with the attributes supplied with the create call. For
-  // application surfaces this has the side effect of notifying the display
-  // manager of the new surface. For direct surfaces, this may trigger a mode
-  // change, depending on the value of the visible attribute.
-  surface->OnSetAttributes(message, attributes);
-
-  return {{surface->surface_id(), surface->visible(), surface->z_order()}};
-}
-
-void DisplayService::SurfaceUpdated(SurfaceType surface_type,
-                                    display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::SurfaceUpdated: update_flags=%x",
-           update_flags.value());
-  if (update_flags.value() != 0) {
-    if (surface_type == SurfaceType::Application)
-      NotifyDisplayConfigurationUpdate();
-    else
-      UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces();
-  }
-}
-
-pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> DisplayService::OnSetupGlobalBuffer(
-    pdx::Message& message, DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size,
-    uint64_t usage) {
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-  const bool trusted = user_id == AID_ROOT || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-
-  if (!trusted) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayService::OnSetupGlobalBuffer: Permission denied for user_id=%d",
-        user_id);
-    return ErrorStatus(EPERM);
-  }
-  return SetupGlobalBuffer(key, size, usage);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> DisplayService::OnDeleteGlobalBuffer(pdx::Message& message,
-                                                       DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  const int user_id = message.GetEffectiveUserId();
-  const bool trusted = (user_id == AID_ROOT) || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-
-  if (!trusted) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DisplayService::OnDeleteGlobalBuffer: Permission denied for "
-        "user_id=%d",
-        user_id);
-    return ErrorStatus(EPERM);
-  }
-  return DeleteGlobalBuffer(key);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> DisplayService::OnGetGlobalBuffer(
-    pdx::Message& /* message */, DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplayService::OnGetGlobalBuffer: key=%d", key);
-  auto global_buffer = global_buffers_.find(key);
-  if (global_buffer != global_buffers_.end())
-    return {BorrowedNativeBufferHandle(*global_buffer->second, 0)};
-  else
-    return pdx::ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-}
-
-// Calls the message handler for the DisplaySurface associated with this
-// channel.
-Status<void> DisplayService::HandleSurfaceMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  auto surface = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(message.GetChannel());
-  ALOGW_IF(!surface,
-           "DisplayService::HandleSurfaceMessage: surface is nullptr!");
-
-  if (surface)
-    return surface->HandleMessage(message);
-  else
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface> DisplayService::GetDisplaySurface(
-    int surface_id) const {
-  return std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(GetChannel(surface_id));
-}
-
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>>
-DisplayService::GetDisplaySurfaces() const {
-  return GetChannels<DisplaySurface>();
-}
-
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>>
-DisplayService::GetVisibleDisplaySurfaces() const {
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> visible_surfaces;
-
-  ForEachDisplaySurface(
-      SurfaceType::Direct,
-      [&](const std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>& surface) mutable {
-        if (surface->visible()) {
-          visible_surfaces.push_back(
-              std::static_pointer_cast<DirectDisplaySurface>(surface));
-          surface->ClearUpdate();
-        }
-      });
-
-  return visible_surfaces;
-}
-
-void DisplayService::UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces() {
-  auto visible_surfaces = GetVisibleDisplaySurfaces();
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplayService::UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces: %zd visible surfaces",
-           visible_surfaces.size());
-  hardware_composer_.SetDisplaySurfaces(std::move(visible_surfaces));
-}
-
-pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> DisplayService::SetupGlobalBuffer(
-    DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size, uint64_t usage) {
-  auto global_buffer = global_buffers_.find(key);
-  if (global_buffer == global_buffers_.end()) {
-    auto ion_buffer = std::make_unique<IonBuffer>(static_cast<int>(size), 1,
-                                                  HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB, usage);
-
-    // Some buffers are used internally. If they were configured with an
-    // invalid size or format, this will fail.
-    int result = hardware_composer_.OnNewGlobalBuffer(key, *ion_buffer.get());
-    if (result < 0)
-      return ErrorStatus(result);
-    global_buffer =
-        global_buffers_.insert(std::make_pair(key, std::move(ion_buffer)))
-            .first;
-  }
-
-  return {BorrowedNativeBufferHandle(*global_buffer->second, 0)};
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> DisplayService::DeleteGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  auto global_buffer = global_buffers_.find(key);
-  if (global_buffer != global_buffers_.end()) {
-    // Some buffers are used internally.
-    hardware_composer_.OnDeletedGlobalBuffer(key);
-    global_buffers_.erase(global_buffer);
-  }
-
-  return {0};
-}
-
-void DisplayService::SetDisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier(
-    DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier update_notifier) {
-  update_notifier_ = update_notifier;
-}
-
-void DisplayService::NotifyDisplayConfigurationUpdate() {
-  if (update_notifier_)
-    update_notifier_();
-}
-
-Status<bool> DisplayService::IsVrAppRunning(pdx::Message& /*message*/) {
-  bool visible = false;
-  ForEachDisplaySurface(
-      SurfaceType::Application,
-      [&visible](const std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>& surface) {
-        if (surface->visible())
-          visible = true;
-      });
-
-  return {visible};
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 89f1eae..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_service.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SERVICE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SERVICE_H_
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_api.h>
-#include <pdx/service.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-#include <private/dvr/bufferhub_rpc.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-#include "display_surface.h"
-#include "epoll_event_dispatcher.h"
-#include "hardware_composer.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// DisplayService implements the display service component of VrFlinger.
-class DisplayService : public pdx::ServiceBase<DisplayService> {
- public:
-  bool IsInitialized() const override;
-  std::string DumpState(size_t max_length) override;
-
-  void OnChannelClose(pdx::Message& message,
-                      const std::shared_ptr<pdx::Channel>& channel) override;
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) override;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface> GetDisplaySurface(int surface_id) const;
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>> GetDisplaySurfaces() const;
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> GetVisibleDisplaySurfaces()
-      const;
-
-  // Updates the list of actively displayed surfaces. This must be called after
-  // any change to client/manager attributes that affect visibility or z order.
-  void UpdateActiveDisplaySurfaces();
-
-  pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> SetupGlobalBuffer(
-      DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size, uint64_t usage);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> DeleteGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-
-  template <class A>
-  void ForEachDisplaySurface(SurfaceType surface_type, A action) const {
-    ForEachChannel([surface_type,
-                    action](const ChannelIterator::value_type& pair) mutable {
-      auto surface = std::static_pointer_cast<DisplaySurface>(pair.second);
-      if (surface->surface_type() == surface_type)
-        action(surface);
-    });
-  }
-
-  using DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier = std::function<void(void)>;
-  void SetDisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier(
-      DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier notifier);
-
-  void GrantDisplayOwnership() { hardware_composer_.Enable(); }
-  void SeizeDisplayOwnership() { hardware_composer_.Disable(); }
-  void OnBootFinished() { hardware_composer_.OnBootFinished(); }
-
- private:
-  friend BASE;
-  friend DisplaySurface;
-
-  friend class VrDisplayStateService;
-
-  using RequestDisplayCallback = std::function<void(bool)>;
-
-  DisplayService(android::Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-                 hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                 RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-
-  pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> OnGetGlobalBuffer(
-      pdx::Message& message, DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-  pdx::Status<display::Metrics> OnGetMetrics(pdx::Message& message);
-  pdx::Status<std::string> OnGetConfigurationData(
-      pdx::Message& message, display::ConfigFileType config_type);
-  pdx::Status<uint8_t> OnGetDisplayIdentificationPort(pdx::Message& message);
-  pdx::Status<display::SurfaceInfo> OnCreateSurface(
-      pdx::Message& message, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-  pdx::Status<BorrowedNativeBufferHandle> OnSetupGlobalBuffer(
-      pdx::Message& message, DvrGlobalBufferKey key, size_t size,
-      uint64_t usage);
-  pdx::Status<void> OnDeleteGlobalBuffer(pdx::Message& message,
-                                         DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-
-  // Temporary query for current VR status. Will be removed later.
-  pdx::Status<bool> IsVrAppRunning(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> AddEventHandler(int fd, int events,
-                                    EpollEventDispatcher::Handler handler) {
-    return dispatcher_.AddEventHandler(fd, events, handler);
-  }
-  pdx::Status<void> RemoveEventHandler(int fd) {
-    return dispatcher_.RemoveEventHandler(fd);
-  }
-
-  void SurfaceUpdated(SurfaceType surface_type,
-                      display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags);
-
-  // Called by DisplaySurface to signal that a surface property has changed and
-  // the display manager should be notified.
-  void NotifyDisplayConfigurationUpdate();
-
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleSurfaceMessage(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  HardwareComposer hardware_composer_;
-  EpollEventDispatcher dispatcher_;
-  DisplayConfigurationUpdateNotifier update_notifier_;
-
-  std::unordered_map<DvrGlobalBufferKey, std::unique_ptr<IonBuffer>>
-      global_buffers_;
-
-  DisplayService(const DisplayService&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplayService&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SERVICE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 87c823e..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,488 +0,0 @@
-#include "display_surface.h"
-
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-#include <private/dvr/trusted_uids.h>
-
-#include "display_service.h"
-#include "hardware_composer.h"
-
-#define LOCAL_TRACE 1
-
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayProtocol;
-using android::pdx::BorrowedChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::LocalChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-using android::pdx::Message;
-using android::pdx::RemoteChannelHandle;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::rpc::DispatchRemoteMethod;
-using android::pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-DisplaySurface::DisplaySurface(DisplayService* service,
-                               SurfaceType surface_type, int surface_id,
-                               int process_id, int user_id)
-    : service_(service),
-      surface_type_(surface_type),
-      surface_id_(surface_id),
-      process_id_(process_id),
-      user_id_(user_id),
-      update_flags_(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::NewSurface) {}
-
-DisplaySurface::~DisplaySurface() {
-  ALOGD_IF(LOCAL_TRACE,
-           "DisplaySurface::~DisplaySurface: surface_id=%d process_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), process_id());
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message) {
-  switch (message.GetOp()) {
-    case DisplayProtocol::SetAttributes::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::SetAttributes>(
-          *this, &DisplaySurface::OnSetAttributes, message);
-      break;
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::GetSurfaceInfo::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::GetSurfaceInfo>(
-          *this, &DisplaySurface::OnGetSurfaceInfo, message);
-      break;
-
-    case DisplayProtocol::CreateQueue::Opcode:
-      DispatchRemoteMethod<DisplayProtocol::CreateQueue>(
-          *this, &DisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue, message);
-      break;
-  }
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::OnSetAttributes(
-    pdx::Message& /*message*/, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags;
-
-  for (const auto& attribute : attributes) {
-    const auto key = attribute.first;
-    const auto* variant = &attribute.second;
-    bool invalid_value = false;
-    bool visibility_changed = false;
-
-    // Catch attributes that have significance to the display service.
-    switch (key) {
-      case display::SurfaceAttribute::ZOrder:
-        invalid_value = !IfAnyOf<int32_t, int64_t, float>::Call(
-            variant, [&](const auto& value) {
-              if (z_order_ != value) {
-                visibility_changed = true;
-                z_order_ = value;
-              }
-            });
-        break;
-      case display::SurfaceAttribute::Visible:
-        invalid_value = !IfAnyOf<int32_t, int64_t, bool>::Call(
-            variant, [&](const auto& value) {
-              if (visible_ != value) {
-                visibility_changed = true;
-                visible_ = value;
-              }
-            });
-        break;
-    }
-
-    // Only update the attribute map with valid values. This check also has the
-    // effect of preventing special attributes handled above from being deleted
-    // by an empty value.
-    if (invalid_value) {
-      ALOGW(
-          "DisplaySurface::OnClientSetAttributes: Failed to set display "
-          "surface attribute '%d' because of incompatible type: %d",
-          key, variant->index());
-    } else {
-      // An empty value indicates the attribute should be deleted.
-      if (variant->empty()) {
-        auto search = attributes_.find(key);
-        if (search != attributes_.end())
-          attributes_.erase(search);
-      } else {
-        attributes_[key] = *variant;
-      }
-
-      // All attribute changes generate a notification, even if the value
-      // doesn't change. Visibility attributes set a flag only if the value
-      // changes.
-      update_flags.Set(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::AttributesChanged);
-      if (visibility_changed)
-        update_flags.Set(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::VisibilityChanged);
-    }
-  }
-
-  SurfaceUpdated(update_flags);
-  return {};
-}
-
-void DisplaySurface::SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplaySurface::SurfaceUpdated: surface_id=%d update_flags=0x%x",
-           surface_id(), update_flags.value());
-
-  update_flags_.Set(update_flags);
-  service()->SurfaceUpdated(surface_type(), update_flags_);
-}
-
-void DisplaySurface::ClearUpdate() {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE > 1, "DisplaySurface::ClearUpdate: surface_id=%d",
-           surface_id());
-  update_flags_ = display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::None;
-}
-
-Status<display::SurfaceInfo> DisplaySurface::OnGetSurfaceInfo(
-    Message& /*message*/) {
-  ALOGD_IF(
-      TRACE,
-      "DisplaySurface::OnGetSurfaceInfo: surface_id=%d visible=%d z_order=%d",
-      surface_id(), visible(), z_order());
-  return {{surface_id(), visible(), z_order()}};
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::RegisterQueue(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplaySurface::RegisterQueue: surface_id=%d queue_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), consumer_queue->id());
-  // Capture references for the lambda to work around apparent clang bug.
-  // TODO(eieio): Figure out if there is a clang bug or C++11 ambiguity when
-  // capturing self and consumer_queue by copy in the following case:
-  //    auto self = Self();
-  //    [self, consumer_queue](int events) {
-  //        self->OnQueueEvent(consuemr_queue, events); }
-  //
-  struct State {
-    std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface> surface;
-    std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> queue;
-  };
-  State state{Self(), consumer_queue};
-
-  return service()->AddEventHandler(
-      consumer_queue->queue_fd(), EPOLLIN | EPOLLHUP | EPOLLET,
-      [state](int events) {
-        state.surface->OnQueueEvent(state.queue, events);
-      });
-}
-
-Status<void> DisplaySurface::UnregisterQueue(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DisplaySurface::UnregisterQueue: surface_id=%d queue_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), consumer_queue->id());
-  return service()->RemoveEventHandler(consumer_queue->queue_fd());
-}
-
-void DisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& /*consumer_queue*/, int /*events*/) {
-  ALOGE(
-      "DisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: ERROR base virtual method should not be "
-      "called!!!");
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> ApplicationDisplaySurface::GetQueue(
-    int32_t queue_id) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "ApplicationDisplaySurface::GetQueue: surface_id=%d queue_id=%d",
-           surface_id(), queue_id);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  auto search = consumer_queues_.find(queue_id);
-  if (search != consumer_queues_.end())
-    return search->second;
-  else
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-std::vector<int32_t> ApplicationDisplaySurface::GetQueueIds() const {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  std::vector<int32_t> queue_ids;
-  for (const auto& entry : consumer_queues_)
-    queue_ids.push_back(entry.first);
-  return queue_ids;
-}
-
-Status<LocalChannelHandle> ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue(
-    Message& /*message*/, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue");
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: surface_id=%d, "
-           "user_metadata_size=%zu",
-           surface_id(), config.user_metadata_size);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  auto producer = ProducerQueue::Create(config, UsagePolicy{});
-  if (!producer) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to create producer "
-        "queue!");
-    return ErrorStatus(ENOMEM);
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> consumer =
-      producer->CreateSilentConsumerQueue();
-  auto status = RegisterQueue(consumer);
-  if (!status) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to register consumer "
-        "queue: %s",
-        status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-    return status.error_status();
-  }
-
-  consumer_queues_[consumer->id()] = std::move(consumer);
-
-  SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::BuffersChanged);
-  return std::move(producer->GetChannelHandle());
-}
-
-void ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue, int events) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: queue_id=%d events=%x",
-           consumer_queue->id(), events);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-
-  // Always give the queue a chance to handle its internal bookkeeping.
-  consumer_queue->HandleQueueEvents();
-
-  // Check for hangup and remove a queue that is no longer needed.
-  if (consumer_queue->hung_up()) {
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: Removing queue.");
-    UnregisterQueue(consumer_queue);
-    auto search = consumer_queues_.find(consumer_queue->id());
-    if (search != consumer_queues_.end()) {
-      consumer_queues_.erase(search);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE(
-          "ApplicationDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: Failed to find queue_id=%d",
-          consumer_queue->id());
-    }
-    SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::BuffersChanged);
-  }
-}
-
-std::vector<int32_t> DirectDisplaySurface::GetQueueIds() const {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  std::vector<int32_t> queue_ids;
-  if (direct_queue_)
-    queue_ids.push_back(direct_queue_->id());
-  return queue_ids;
-}
-
-Status<LocalChannelHandle> DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue(
-    Message& /*message*/, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue");
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: surface_id=%d "
-           "user_metadata_size=%zu",
-           surface_id(), config.user_metadata_size);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  if (!direct_queue_) {
-    // Inject the hw composer usage flag to enable the display to read the
-    // buffers.
-    auto producer = ProducerQueue::Create(
-        config, UsagePolicy{GraphicBuffer::USAGE_HW_COMPOSER, 0, 0, 0});
-    if (!producer) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to create producer "
-          "queue!");
-      return ErrorStatus(ENOMEM);
-    }
-
-    direct_queue_ = producer->CreateConsumerQueue();
-    if (direct_queue_->metadata_size() > 0) {
-      metadata_.reset(new uint8_t[direct_queue_->metadata_size()]);
-    }
-    auto status = RegisterQueue(direct_queue_);
-    if (!status) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::OnCreateQueue: Failed to register consumer "
-          "queue: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-      return status.error_status();
-    }
-
-    return std::move(producer->GetChannelHandle());
-  } else {
-    return ErrorStatus(EALREADY);
-  }
-}
-
-void DirectDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent(
-    const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue, int events) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DirectDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: queue_id=%d events=%x",
-           consumer_queue->id(), events);
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-
-  // Always give the queue a chance to handle its internal bookkeeping.
-  consumer_queue->HandleQueueEvents();
-
-  // Check for hangup and remove a queue that is no longer needed.
-  if (consumer_queue->hung_up()) {
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DirectDisplaySurface::OnQueueEvent: Removing queue.");
-    UnregisterQueue(consumer_queue);
-    direct_queue_ = nullptr;
-  }
-}
-
-void DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked() {
-  if (direct_queue_ == nullptr) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Consumer queue is not "
-        "initialized.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  while (true) {
-    LocalHandle acquire_fence;
-    size_t slot;
-    auto buffer_status = direct_queue_->Dequeue(
-        0, &slot, metadata_.get(),
-        direct_queue_->metadata_size(), &acquire_fence);
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-             "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Dequeue with metadata_size: %zu",
-             direct_queue_->metadata_size());
-    if (!buffer_status) {
-      ALOGD_IF(
-          TRACE > 1 && buffer_status.error() == ETIMEDOUT,
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: All buffers dequeued.");
-      ALOGE_IF(buffer_status.error() != ETIMEDOUT,
-               "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Failed to dequeue "
-               "buffer: %s",
-               buffer_status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-      return;
-    }
-    auto buffer_consumer = buffer_status.take();
-
-    if (!visible()) {
-      ATRACE_NAME("DropFrameOnInvisibleSurface");
-      ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-               "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Discarding "
-               "buffer_id=%d on invisible surface.",
-               buffer_consumer->id());
-      buffer_consumer->Discard();
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (acquired_buffers_.IsFull()) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DirectDisplaySurface::DequeueBuffersLocked: Posted buffers full, "
-          "overwriting.");
-      acquired_buffers_.PopBack();
-    }
-
-    acquired_buffers_.Append(
-        AcquiredBuffer(buffer_consumer, std::move(acquire_fence), slot));
-  }
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireCurrentBuffer() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  if (acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty()) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireCurrentBuffer: attempt to acquire buffer "
-        "when none are posted.");
-    return AcquiredBuffer();
-  }
-  AcquiredBuffer buffer = std::move(acquired_buffers_.Front());
-  acquired_buffers_.PopFront();
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireCurrentBuffer: buffer_id=%d",
-           buffer.buffer()->id());
-  return buffer;
-}
-
-AcquiredBuffer DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireNewestAvailableBuffer(
-    AcquiredBuffer* skipped_buffer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  AcquiredBuffer buffer;
-  int frames = 0;
-  // Basic latency stopgap for when the application misses a frame:
-  // If the application recovers on the 2nd or 3rd (etc) frame after
-  // missing, this code will skip frames to catch up by checking if
-  // the next frame is also available.
-  while (!acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty() &&
-         acquired_buffers_.Front().IsAvailable()) {
-    // Capture the skipped buffer into the result parameter.
-    // Note that this API only supports skipping one buffer per vsync.
-    if (frames > 0 && skipped_buffer)
-      *skipped_buffer = std::move(buffer);
-    ++frames;
-    buffer = std::move(acquired_buffers_.Front());
-    acquired_buffers_.PopFront();
-    if (frames == 2)
-      break;
-  }
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DirectDisplaySurface::AcquireNewestAvailableBuffer: buffer_id=%d",
-           buffer.buffer()->id());
-  return buffer;
-}
-
-bool DirectDisplaySurface::IsBufferAvailable() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  return !acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty() &&
-         acquired_buffers_.Front().IsAvailable();
-}
-
-bool DirectDisplaySurface::IsBufferPosted() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(lock_);
-  DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  return !acquired_buffers_.IsEmpty();
-}
-
-Status<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>> DisplaySurface::Create(
-    DisplayService* service, int surface_id, int process_id, int user_id,
-    const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes) {
-  bool direct = false;
-  auto search = attributes.find(display::SurfaceAttribute::Direct);
-  if (search != attributes.end()) {
-    if (!IfAnyOf<int32_t, int64_t, bool, float>::Get(&search->second,
-                                                     &direct)) {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DisplaySurface::Create: Invalid type for SurfaceAttribute::Direct!");
-      return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-    }
-  }
-
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-           "DisplaySurface::Create: surface_id=%d process_id=%d user_id=%d "
-           "direct=%d",
-           surface_id, process_id, user_id, direct);
-
-  if (direct) {
-    const bool trusted = user_id == AID_ROOT || IsTrustedUid(user_id);
-    if (trusted) {
-      return {std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>{
-          new DirectDisplaySurface(service, surface_id, process_id, user_id)}};
-    } else {
-      ALOGE(
-          "DisplaySurface::Create: Direct surfaces may only be created by "
-          "trusted UIDs: user_id=%d",
-          user_id);
-      return ErrorStatus(EPERM);
-    }
-  } else {
-    return {std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>{new ApplicationDisplaySurface(
-        service, surface_id, process_id, user_id)}};
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c8b1a07..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/display_surface.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H_
-
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/service.h>
-#include <private/dvr/buffer_hub_queue_client.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_protocol.h>
-#include <private/dvr/ring_buffer.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class DisplayService;
-
-enum class SurfaceType {
-  Direct,
-  Application,
-};
-
-class DisplaySurface : public pdx::Channel {
- public:
-  static pdx::Status<std::shared_ptr<DisplaySurface>> Create(
-      DisplayService* service, int surface_id, int process_id, int user_id,
-      const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-
-  ~DisplaySurface() override;
-
-  DisplayService* service() const { return service_; }
-  SurfaceType surface_type() const { return surface_type_; }
-  int surface_id() const { return surface_id_; }
-  int process_id() const { return process_id_; }
-  int user_id() const { return user_id_; }
-
-  bool visible() const { return visible_; }
-  int z_order() const { return z_order_; }
-
-  const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes() const { return attributes_; }
-  display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags() const { return update_flags_; }
-
-  virtual std::vector<int32_t> GetQueueIds() const { return {}; }
-
-  bool IsUpdatePending() const {
-    return update_flags_.value() != display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::None;
-  }
-
- protected:
-  DisplaySurface(DisplayService* service, SurfaceType surface_type,
-                 int surface_id, int process_id, int user_id);
-
-  // Utility to retrieve a shared pointer to this channel as the desired derived
-  // type.
-  template <
-      typename T = DisplaySurface,
-      typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<DisplaySurface, T>::value>>
-  std::shared_ptr<T> Self() {
-    return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shared_from_this());
-  }
-
-  virtual pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnCreateQueue(
-      pdx::Message& message, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) = 0;
-
-  // Registers a consumer queue with the event dispatcher in DisplayService. The
-  // OnQueueEvent callback below is called to handle queue events.
-  pdx::Status<void> RegisterQueue(
-      const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue);
-  pdx::Status<void> UnregisterQueue(
-      const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue);
-
-  // Called by the event dispatcher in DisplayService when a registered queue
-  // event triggers. Executes on the event dispatcher thread.
-  virtual void OnQueueEvent(
-      const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue, int events);
-
-  void SurfaceUpdated(display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags);
-  void ClearUpdate();
-
-  // Synchronizes access to mutable state below between message dispatch thread
-  // and frame post thread.
-  mutable std::mutex lock_;
-
- private:
-  friend class DisplayService;
-  friend class DisplayManagerService;
-
-  // Dispatches display surface messages to the appropriate handlers. This
-  // handler runs on the VrFlinger message dispatch thread.
-  pdx::Status<void> HandleMessage(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  pdx::Status<void> OnSetAttributes(
-      pdx::Message& message, const display::SurfaceAttributes& attributes);
-  pdx::Status<display::SurfaceInfo> OnGetSurfaceInfo(pdx::Message& message);
-
-  DisplayService* service_;
-  SurfaceType surface_type_;
-  int surface_id_;
-  int process_id_;
-  int user_id_;
-
-  display::SurfaceAttributes attributes_;
-  display::SurfaceUpdateFlags update_flags_ = display::SurfaceUpdateFlags::None;
-
-  // Subset of attributes that may be interpreted by the display service.
-  bool visible_ = false;
-  int z_order_ = 0;
-
-  DisplaySurface(const DisplaySurface&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const DisplaySurface&) = delete;
-};
-
-class ApplicationDisplaySurface : public DisplaySurface {
- public:
-  ApplicationDisplaySurface(DisplayService* service, int surface_id,
-                            int process_id, int user_id)
-      : DisplaySurface(service, SurfaceType::Application, surface_id,
-                       process_id, user_id) {}
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> GetQueue(int32_t queue_id);
-  std::vector<int32_t> GetQueueIds() const override;
-
- private:
-  pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnCreateQueue(
-      pdx::Message& message, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) override;
-  void OnQueueEvent(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue,
-                    int events) override;
-
-  // Accessed by both message dispatch thread and epoll event thread.
-  std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>> consumer_queues_;
-};
-
-class DirectDisplaySurface : public DisplaySurface {
- public:
-  DirectDisplaySurface(DisplayService* service, int surface_id, int process_id,
-                       int user_id)
-      : DisplaySurface(service, SurfaceType::Direct, surface_id, process_id,
-                       user_id),
-        acquired_buffers_(kMaxPostedBuffers),
-        metadata_(nullptr) {}
-  std::vector<int32_t> GetQueueIds() const override;
-  bool IsBufferAvailable();
-  bool IsBufferPosted();
-  AcquiredBuffer AcquireCurrentBuffer();
-
-  // Get the newest buffer. Up to one buffer will be skipped. If a buffer is
-  // skipped, it will be stored in skipped_buffer if non null.
-  AcquiredBuffer AcquireNewestAvailableBuffer(AcquiredBuffer* skipped_buffer);
-
- private:
-  pdx::Status<pdx::LocalChannelHandle> OnCreateQueue(
-      pdx::Message& message, const ProducerQueueConfig& config) override;
-  void OnQueueEvent(const std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue>& consumer_queue,
-                    int events) override;
-
-  // The capacity of the pending buffer queue. Should be enough to hold all the
-  // buffers of this DisplaySurface, although in practice only 1 or 2 frames
-  // will be pending at a time.
-  static constexpr int kSurfaceBufferMaxCount = 4;
-  static constexpr int kSurfaceViewMaxCount = 4;
-  static constexpr int kMaxPostedBuffers =
-      kSurfaceBufferMaxCount * kSurfaceViewMaxCount;
-
-  // Returns whether a frame is available without locking the mutex.
-  bool IsFrameAvailableNoLock() const;
-
-  // Dequeue all available buffers from the consumer queue.
-  void DequeueBuffersLocked();
-
-  // In a triple-buffered surface, up to kMaxPostedBuffers buffers may be
-  // posted and pending.
-  RingBuffer<AcquiredBuffer> acquired_buffers_;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<ConsumerQueue> direct_queue_;
-
-  // Stores metadata when it dequeue buffers from consumer queue.
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> metadata_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d5eb80..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-#include "epoll_event_dispatcher.h"
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <sys/prctl.h>
-
-#include <dvr/performance_client_api.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-EpollEventDispatcher::EpollEventDispatcher() {
-  epoll_fd_.Reset(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
-  if (!epoll_fd_) {
-    ALOGE("Failed to create epoll fd: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  event_fd_.Reset(eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK));
-  if (!event_fd_) {
-    ALOGE("Failed to create event for epolling: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Add watch for eventfd. This should only watch for EPOLLIN, which gets set
-  // when eventfd_write occurs. Use "this" as a unique sentinal value to
-  // identify events from the event fd.
-  epoll_event event = {.events = EPOLLIN, .data = {.ptr = this}};
-  if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_.Get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, event_fd_.Get(), &event) < 0) {
-    ALOGE("Failed to add eventfd to epoll set because: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  thread_ = std::thread(&EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread, this);
-}
-
-EpollEventDispatcher::~EpollEventDispatcher() { Stop(); }
-
-void EpollEventDispatcher::Stop() {
-  exit_thread_.store(true);
-  eventfd_write(event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> EpollEventDispatcher::AddEventHandler(int fd, int event_mask,
-                                                        Handler handler) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-
-  epoll_event event;
-  event.events = event_mask;
-  event.data.ptr = &(handlers_[fd] = handler);
-
-  ALOGD_IF(
-      TRACE,
-      "EpollEventDispatcher::AddEventHandler: fd=%d event_mask=0x%x handler=%p",
-      fd, event_mask, event.data.ptr);
-
-  if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_.Get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event) < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE("Failed to add fd to epoll set because: %s", strerror(error));
-    return pdx::ErrorStatus(error);
-  } else {
-    return {};
-  }
-}
-
-pdx::Status<void> EpollEventDispatcher::RemoveEventHandler(int fd) {
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "EpollEventDispatcher::RemoveEventHandler: fd=%d", fd);
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-
-  epoll_event ee;  // See BUGS in man 2 epoll_ctl.
-  if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_.Get(), EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd, &ee) < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE("Failed to remove fd from epoll set because: %s", strerror(error));
-    return pdx::ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  // If the fd was valid above, add it to the list of ids to remove.
-  removed_handlers_.push_back(fd);
-
-  // Wake up the event thread to clean up.
-  eventfd_write(event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-
-  return {};
-}
-
-void EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread() {
-  prctl(PR_SET_NAME, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>("VrEvent"), 0, 0, 0);
-
-  const int error = dvrSetSchedulerClass(0, "graphics");
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-      error < 0,
-      "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: Failed to set scheduler class: %s",
-      strerror(-error));
-
-  const size_t kMaxNumEvents = 128;
-  epoll_event events[kMaxNumEvents];
-
-  while (!exit_thread_.load()) {
-    const int num_events = epoll_wait(epoll_fd_.Get(), events, kMaxNumEvents, -1);
-    if (num_events < 0 && errno != EINTR)
-      break;
-
-    ALOGD_IF(TRACE > 1, "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: num_events=%d",
-             num_events);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_events; i++) {
-      ALOGD_IF(
-          TRACE > 1,
-          "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: event %d: handler=%p events=0x%x",
-          i, events[i].data.ptr, events[i].events);
-
-      if (events[i].data.ptr == this) {
-        // Clear pending event on event_fd_. Serialize the read with respect to
-        // writes from other threads.
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-        eventfd_t value;
-        eventfd_read(event_fd_.Get(), &value);
-      } else {
-        auto handler = reinterpret_cast<Handler*>(events[i].data.ptr);
-        if (handler)
-          (*handler)(events[i].events);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Remove any handlers that have been posted for removal. This is done here
-    // instead of in RemoveEventHandler() to prevent races between the dispatch
-    // thread and the code requesting the removal. Handlers are guaranteed to
-    // stay alive between exiting epoll_wait() and the dispatch loop above.
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(lock_);
-    for (auto handler_fd : removed_handlers_) {
-      ALOGD_IF(TRACE,
-               "EpollEventDispatcher::EventThread: removing handler: fd=%d",
-               handler_fd);
-      handlers_.erase(handler_fd);
-    }
-    removed_handlers_.clear();
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.h
deleted file mode 100644
index eb687f4..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/epoll_event_dispatcher.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_EPOLL_EVENT_DISPATCHER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_EPOLL_EVENT_DISPATCHER_H_
-
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-
-#include <atomic>
-#include <functional>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <thread>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/status.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-class EpollEventDispatcher {
- public:
-  // Function type for event handlers. The handler receives a bitmask of the
-  // epoll events that occurred on the file descriptor associated with the
-  // handler.
-  using Handler = std::function<void(int)>;
-
-  EpollEventDispatcher();
-  ~EpollEventDispatcher();
-
-  // |handler| is called on the internal dispatch thread when |fd| is signaled
-  // by events in |event_mask|.
-  pdx::Status<void> AddEventHandler(int fd, int event_mask, Handler handler);
-  pdx::Status<void> RemoveEventHandler(int fd);
-
-  void Stop();
-
- private:
-  void EventThread();
-
-  std::thread thread_;
-  std::atomic<bool> exit_thread_{false};
-
-  // Protects handlers_ and removed_handlers_ and serializes operations on
-  // epoll_fd_ and event_fd_.
-  std::mutex lock_;
-
-  // Maintains a map of fds to event handlers. This is primarily to keep any
-  // references alive that may be bound in the std::function instances. It is
-  // not used at dispatch time to avoid performance problems with different
-  // versions of std::unordered_map.
-  std::unordered_map<int, Handler> handlers_;
-
-  // List of fds to be removed from the map. The actual removal is performed
-  // by the event dispatch thread to avoid races.
-  std::vector<int> removed_handlers_;
-
-  pdx::LocalHandle epoll_fd_;
-  pdx::LocalHandle event_fd_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_EPOLL_EVENT_DISPATCHER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 70f303b..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1541 +0,0 @@
-#include "hardware_composer.h"
-
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sync/sync.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <sys/prctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
-#include <sys/system_properties.h>
-#include <sys/timerfd.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <functional>
-#include <map>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <tuple>
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_display_types.h>
-#include <dvr/performance_client_api.h>
-#include <private/dvr/clock_ns.h>
-#include <private/dvr/ion_buffer.h>
-
-using android::hardware::Return;
-using android::hardware::Void;
-using android::pdx::ErrorStatus;
-using android::pdx::LocalHandle;
-using android::pdx::Status;
-using android::pdx::rpc::EmptyVariant;
-using android::pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf;
-
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-namespace {
-
-const char kDvrPerformanceProperty[] = "sys.dvr.performance";
-
-const char kRightEyeOffsetProperty[] = "dvr.right_eye_offset_ns";
-
-// Surface flinger uses "VSYNC-sf" and "VSYNC-app" for its version of these
-// events. Name ours similarly.
-const char kVsyncTraceEventName[] = "VSYNC-vrflinger";
-
-// How long to wait after boot finishes before we turn the display off.
-constexpr int kBootFinishedDisplayOffTimeoutSec = 10;
-
-constexpr int kDefaultDisplayWidth = 1920;
-constexpr int kDefaultDisplayHeight = 1080;
-constexpr int64_t kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs = 16666667;
-// Hardware composer reports dpi as dots per thousand inches (dpi * 1000).
-constexpr int kDefaultDpi = 400000;
-
-// Get time offset from a vsync to when the pose for that vsync should be
-// predicted out to. For example, if scanout gets halfway through the frame
-// at the halfway point between vsyncs, then this could be half the period.
-// With global shutter displays, this should be changed to the offset to when
-// illumination begins. Low persistence adds a frame of latency, so we predict
-// to the center of the next frame.
-inline int64_t GetPosePredictionTimeOffset(int64_t vsync_period_ns) {
-  return (vsync_period_ns * 150) / 100;
-}
-
-// Attempts to set the scheduler class and partiton for the current thread.
-// Returns true on success or false on failure.
-bool SetThreadPolicy(const std::string& scheduler_class,
-                     const std::string& partition) {
-  int error = dvrSetSchedulerClass(0, scheduler_class.c_str());
-  if (error < 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "SetThreadPolicy: Failed to set scheduler class \"%s\" for "
-        "thread_id=%d: %s",
-        scheduler_class.c_str(), gettid(), strerror(-error));
-    return false;
-  }
-  error = dvrSetCpuPartition(0, partition.c_str());
-  if (error < 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "SetThreadPolicy: Failed to set cpu partiton \"%s\" for thread_id=%d: "
-        "%s",
-        partition.c_str(), gettid(), strerror(-error));
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Utility to generate scoped tracers with arguments.
-// TODO(eieio): Move/merge this into utils/Trace.h?
-class TraceArgs {
- public:
-  template <typename... Args>
-  explicit TraceArgs(const char* format, Args&&... args) {
-    std::array<char, 1024> buffer;
-    snprintf(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), format, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    atrace_begin(ATRACE_TAG, buffer.data());
-  }
-
-  ~TraceArgs() { atrace_end(ATRACE_TAG); }
-
- private:
-  TraceArgs(const TraceArgs&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const TraceArgs&) = delete;
-};
-
-// Macro to define a scoped tracer with arguments. Uses PASTE(x, y) macro
-// defined in utils/Trace.h.
-#define TRACE_FORMAT(format, ...) \
-  TraceArgs PASTE(__tracer, __LINE__) { format, ##__VA_ARGS__ }
-
-// Returns "primary" or "external". Useful for writing more readable logs.
-const char* GetDisplayName(bool is_primary) {
-  return is_primary ? "primary" : "external";
-}
-
-}  // anonymous namespace
-
-HardwareComposer::HardwareComposer()
-    : initialized_(false), request_display_callback_(nullptr) {}
-
-HardwareComposer::~HardwareComposer(void) {
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Quit, true);
-  if (post_thread_.joinable())
-    post_thread_.join();
-  composer_callback_->SetVsyncService(nullptr);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::UpdateEdidData(Hwc2::Composer* composer,
-                                      hwc2_display_t hw_id) {
-  const auto error = composer->getDisplayIdentificationData(
-      hw_id, &display_port_, &display_identification_data_);
-  if (error != android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Error::NONE) {
-    if (error !=
-        android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
-      ALOGI("hardware_composer: identification data error\n");
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("hardware_composer: identification data unsupported\n");
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::Initialize(
-    Hwc2::Composer* composer, hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-    RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback) {
-  if (initialized_) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::Initialize: already initialized.");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  request_display_callback_ = request_display_callback;
-
-  primary_display_ = GetDisplayParams(composer, primary_display_id, true);
-
-  vsync_service_ = new VsyncService;
-  sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());
-  auto result = sm->addService(String16(VsyncService::GetServiceName()),
-      vsync_service_, false);
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != android::OK,
-      "addService(%s) failed", VsyncService::GetServiceName());
-
-  post_thread_event_fd_.Reset(eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK));
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-      !post_thread_event_fd_,
-      "HardwareComposer: Failed to create interrupt event fd : %s",
-      strerror(errno));
-
-  UpdateEdidData(composer, primary_display_id);
-
-  post_thread_ = std::thread(&HardwareComposer::PostThread, this);
-
-  initialized_ = true;
-
-  return initialized_;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::Enable() {
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Suspended, false);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::Disable() {
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Suspended, true);
-
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-  post_thread_ready_.wait(lock, [this] {
-    return !post_thread_resumed_;
-  });
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnBootFinished() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-  if (boot_finished_)
-    return;
-  boot_finished_ = true;
-  post_thread_wait_.notify_one();
-}
-
-// Update the post thread quiescent state based on idle and suspended inputs.
-void HardwareComposer::UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadStateType state,
-                                             bool suspend) {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-
-  // Update the votes in the state variable before evaluating the effective
-  // quiescent state. Any bits set in post_thread_state_ indicate that the post
-  // thread should be suspended.
-  if (suspend) {
-    post_thread_state_ |= state;
-  } else {
-    post_thread_state_ &= ~state;
-  }
-
-  const bool quit = post_thread_state_ & PostThreadState::Quit;
-  const bool effective_suspend = post_thread_state_ != PostThreadState::Active;
-  if (quit) {
-    post_thread_quiescent_ = true;
-    eventfd_write(post_thread_event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-    post_thread_wait_.notify_one();
-  } else if (effective_suspend && !post_thread_quiescent_) {
-    post_thread_quiescent_ = true;
-    eventfd_write(post_thread_event_fd_.Get(), 1);
-  } else if (!effective_suspend && post_thread_quiescent_) {
-    post_thread_quiescent_ = false;
-    eventfd_t value;
-    eventfd_read(post_thread_event_fd_.Get(), &value);
-    post_thread_wait_.notify_one();
-  }
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::CreateComposer() {
-  if (composer_)
-    return;
-  composer_.reset(new Hwc2::impl::Composer("default"));
-  composer_callback_ = new ComposerCallback;
-  composer_->registerCallback(composer_callback_);
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!composer_callback_->GotFirstHotplug(),
-      "Registered composer callback but didn't get hotplug for primary"
-      " display");
-  composer_callback_->SetVsyncService(vsync_service_);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnPostThreadResumed() {
-  ALOGI("OnPostThreadResumed");
-  EnableDisplay(*target_display_, true);
-
-  // Trigger target-specific performance mode change.
-  property_set(kDvrPerformanceProperty, "performance");
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnPostThreadPaused() {
-  ALOGI("OnPostThreadPaused");
-  retire_fence_fds_.clear();
-  layers_.clear();
-
-  // Phones create a new composer client on resume and destroy it on pause.
-  if (composer_callback_ != nullptr) {
-    composer_callback_->SetVsyncService(nullptr);
-    composer_callback_ = nullptr;
-  }
-  composer_.reset(nullptr);
-
-  // Trigger target-specific performance mode change.
-  property_set(kDvrPerformanceProperty, "idle");
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::PostThreadCondWait(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock,
-                                          int timeout_sec,
-                                          const std::function<bool()>& pred) {
-  auto pred_with_quit = [&] {
-    return pred() || (post_thread_state_ & PostThreadState::Quit);
-  };
-  if (timeout_sec >= 0) {
-    post_thread_wait_.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(timeout_sec),
-                               pred_with_quit);
-  } else {
-    post_thread_wait_.wait(lock, pred_with_quit);
-  }
-  if (post_thread_state_ & PostThreadState::Quit) {
-    ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostThread: Quitting.");
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-HWC::Error HardwareComposer::Validate(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  uint32_t num_types;
-  uint32_t num_requests;
-  HWC::Error error =
-      composer_->validateDisplay(display, &num_types, &num_requests);
-
-  if (error == HWC2_ERROR_HAS_CHANGES) {
-    ALOGE("Hardware composer has requested composition changes, "
-          "which we don't support.");
-    // Accept the changes anyway and see if we can get something on the screen.
-    error = composer_->acceptDisplayChanges(display);
-  }
-
-  return error;
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::EnableVsync(const DisplayParams& display, bool enabled) {
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->setVsyncEnabled(display.id,
-      (Hwc2::IComposerClient::Vsync)(enabled ? HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE
-                                             : HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("Error attempting to %s vsync on %s display: %s",
-        enabled ? "enable" : "disable", GetDisplayName(display.is_primary),
-        error.to_string().c_str());
-  }
-  return error == HWC::Error::None;
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::SetPowerMode(const DisplayParams& display, bool active) {
-  ALOGI("Turning %s display %s", GetDisplayName(display.is_primary),
-      active ? "on" : "off");
-  HWC::PowerMode power_mode = active ? HWC::PowerMode::On : HWC::PowerMode::Off;
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->setPowerMode(display.id,
-      power_mode.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::PowerMode>());
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("Error attempting to turn %s display %s: %s",
-          GetDisplayName(display.is_primary), active ? "on" : "off",
-        error.to_string().c_str());
-  }
-  return error == HWC::Error::None;
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::EnableDisplay(const DisplayParams& display,
-                                     bool enabled) {
-  bool power_result;
-  bool vsync_result;
-  // When turning a display on, we set the power state then set vsync. When
-  // turning a display off we do it in the opposite order.
-  if (enabled) {
-    power_result = SetPowerMode(display, enabled);
-    vsync_result = EnableVsync(display, enabled);
-  } else {
-    vsync_result = EnableVsync(display, enabled);
-    power_result = SetPowerMode(display, enabled);
-  }
-  return power_result && vsync_result;
-}
-
-HWC::Error HardwareComposer::Present(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  int32_t present_fence;
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->presentDisplay(display, &present_fence);
-
-  // According to the documentation, this fence is signaled at the time of
-  // vsync/DMA for physical displays.
-  if (error == HWC::Error::None) {
-    retire_fence_fds_.emplace_back(present_fence);
-  } else {
-    ATRACE_INT("HardwareComposer: PresentResult", error);
-  }
-
-  return error;
-}
-
-DisplayParams HardwareComposer::GetDisplayParams(
-    Hwc2::Composer* composer, hwc2_display_t display, bool is_primary) {
-  DisplayParams params;
-  params.id = display;
-  params.is_primary = is_primary;
-
-  Hwc2::Config config;
-  HWC::Error error = composer->getActiveConfig(display, &config);
-
-  if (error == HWC::Error::None) {
-    auto get_attr = [&](hwc2_attribute_t attr, const char* attr_name)
-        -> std::optional<int32_t> {
-      int32_t val;
-      HWC::Error error = composer->getDisplayAttribute(
-          display, config, (Hwc2::IComposerClient::Attribute)attr, &val);
-      if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to get %s display attr %s: %s",
-            GetDisplayName(is_primary), attr_name,
-            error.to_string().c_str());
-        return std::nullopt;
-      }
-      return val;
-    };
-
-    auto width = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_WIDTH, "width");
-    auto height = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_HEIGHT, "height");
-
-    if (width && height) {
-      params.width = *width;
-      params.height = *height;
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("Failed to get width and/or height for %s display. Using default"
-          " size %dx%d.", GetDisplayName(is_primary), kDefaultDisplayWidth,
-          kDefaultDisplayHeight);
-      params.width = kDefaultDisplayWidth;
-      params.height = kDefaultDisplayHeight;
-    }
-
-    auto vsync_period = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_VSYNC_PERIOD, "vsync period");
-    if (vsync_period) {
-      params.vsync_period_ns = *vsync_period;
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("Failed to get vsync period for %s display. Using default vsync"
-          " period %.2fms", GetDisplayName(is_primary),
-          static_cast<float>(kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs) / 1000000);
-      params.vsync_period_ns = kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs;
-    }
-
-    auto dpi_x = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_X, "DPI X");
-    auto dpi_y = get_attr(HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_Y, "DPI Y");
-    if (dpi_x && dpi_y) {
-      params.dpi.x = *dpi_x;
-      params.dpi.y = *dpi_y;
-    } else {
-      ALOGI("Failed to get dpi_x and/or dpi_y for %s display. Using default"
-          " dpi %d.", GetDisplayName(is_primary), kDefaultDpi);
-      params.dpi.x = kDefaultDpi;
-      params.dpi.y = kDefaultDpi;
-    }
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer: Failed to get current %s display config: %d."
-        " Using default display values.",
-        GetDisplayName(is_primary), error.value);
-    params.width = kDefaultDisplayWidth;
-    params.height = kDefaultDisplayHeight;
-    params.dpi.x = kDefaultDpi;
-    params.dpi.y = kDefaultDpi;
-    params.vsync_period_ns = kDefaultVsyncPeriodNs;
-  }
-
-  ALOGI(
-      "HardwareComposer: %s display attributes: width=%d height=%d "
-      "vsync_period_ns=%d DPI=%dx%d",
-      GetDisplayName(is_primary),
-      params.width,
-      params.height,
-      params.vsync_period_ns,
-      params.dpi.x,
-      params.dpi.y);
-
-  return params;
-}
-
-std::string HardwareComposer::Dump() {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-  std::ostringstream stream;
-
-  auto print_display_metrics = [&](const DisplayParams& params) {
-    stream << GetDisplayName(params.is_primary)
-           << " display metrics:     " << params.width << "x"
-           << params.height << " " << (params.dpi.x / 1000.0)
-           << "x" << (params.dpi.y / 1000.0) << " dpi @ "
-           << (1000000000.0 / params.vsync_period_ns) << " Hz"
-           << std::endl;
-  };
-
-  print_display_metrics(primary_display_);
-  if (external_display_)
-    print_display_metrics(*external_display_);
-
-  stream << "Post thread resumed: " << post_thread_resumed_ << std::endl;
-  stream << "Active layers:       " << layers_.size() << std::endl;
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers_.size(); i++) {
-    stream << "Layer " << i << ":";
-    stream << " type=" << layers_[i].GetCompositionType().to_string();
-    stream << " surface_id=" << layers_[i].GetSurfaceId();
-    stream << " buffer_id=" << layers_[i].GetBufferId();
-    stream << std::endl;
-  }
-  stream << std::endl;
-
-  if (post_thread_resumed_) {
-    stream << "Hardware Composer Debug Info:" << std::endl;
-    stream << composer_->dumpDebugInfo();
-  }
-
-  return stream.str();
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::PostLayers(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("HardwareComposer::PostLayers");
-
-  // Setup the hardware composer layers with current buffers.
-  for (auto& layer : layers_) {
-    layer.Prepare();
-  }
-
-  // Now that we have taken in a frame from the application, we have a chance
-  // to drop the frame before passing the frame along to HWC.
-  // If the display driver has become backed up, we detect it here and then
-  // react by skipping this frame to catch up latency.
-  while (!retire_fence_fds_.empty() &&
-         (!retire_fence_fds_.front() ||
-          sync_wait(retire_fence_fds_.front().Get(), 0) == 0)) {
-    // There are only 2 fences in here, no performance problem to shift the
-    // array of ints.
-    retire_fence_fds_.erase(retire_fence_fds_.begin());
-  }
-
-  const bool is_fence_pending = static_cast<int32_t>(retire_fence_fds_.size()) >
-                                post_thread_config_.allowed_pending_fence_count;
-
-  if (is_fence_pending) {
-    ATRACE_INT("frame_skip_count", ++frame_skip_count_);
-
-    ALOGW_IF(is_fence_pending,
-             "Warning: dropping a frame to catch up with HWC (pending = %zd)",
-             retire_fence_fds_.size());
-
-    for (auto& layer : layers_) {
-      layer.Drop();
-    }
-    return;
-  } else {
-    // Make the transition more obvious in systrace when the frame skip happens
-    // above.
-    ATRACE_INT("frame_skip_count", 0);
-  }
-
-#if TRACE > 1
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < layers_.size(); i++) {
-    ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostLayers: layer=%zu buffer_id=%d composition=%s",
-          i, layers_[i].GetBufferId(),
-          layers_[i].GetCompositionType().to_string().c_str());
-  }
-#endif
-
-  HWC::Error error = Validate(display);
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::PostLayers: Validate failed: %s display=%" PRIu64,
-          error.to_string().c_str(), display);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  error = Present(display);
-  if (error != HWC::Error::None) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::PostLayers: Present failed: %s",
-          error.to_string().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<Hwc2::Layer> out_layers;
-  std::vector<int> out_fences;
-  error = composer_->getReleaseFences(display,
-                                      &out_layers, &out_fences);
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "HardwareComposer::PostLayers: Failed to get release fences: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-
-  // Perform post-frame bookkeeping.
-  uint32_t num_elements = out_layers.size();
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elements; ++i) {
-    for (auto& layer : layers_) {
-      if (layer.GetLayerHandle() == out_layers[i]) {
-        layer.Finish(out_fences[i]);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::SetDisplaySurfaces(
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces) {
-  ALOGI("HardwareComposer::SetDisplaySurfaces: surface count=%zd",
-        surfaces.size());
-  const bool display_idle = surfaces.size() == 0;
-  {
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-    surfaces_ = std::move(surfaces);
-    surfaces_changed_ = true;
-  }
-
-  if (request_display_callback_)
-    request_display_callback_(!display_idle);
-
-  // Set idle state based on whether there are any surfaces to handle.
-  UpdatePostThreadState(PostThreadState::Idle, display_idle);
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::OnNewGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key,
-                                        IonBuffer& ion_buffer) {
-  if (key == DvrGlobalBuffers::kVsyncBuffer) {
-    vsync_ring_ = std::make_unique<CPUMappedBroadcastRing<DvrVsyncRing>>(
-        &ion_buffer, CPUUsageMode::WRITE_OFTEN);
-
-    if (vsync_ring_->IsMapped() == false) {
-      return -EPERM;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (key == DvrGlobalBuffers::kVrFlingerConfigBufferKey) {
-    return MapConfigBuffer(ion_buffer);
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::OnDeletedGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key) {
-  if (key == DvrGlobalBuffers::kVrFlingerConfigBufferKey) {
-    ConfigBufferDeleted();
-  }
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::MapConfigBuffer(IonBuffer& ion_buffer) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(shared_config_mutex_);
-  shared_config_ring_ = DvrConfigRing();
-
-  if (ion_buffer.width() < DvrConfigRing::MemorySize()) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::MapConfigBuffer: invalid buffer size.");
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  void* buffer_base = 0;
-  int result = ion_buffer.Lock(ion_buffer.usage(), 0, 0, ion_buffer.width(),
-                               ion_buffer.height(), &buffer_base);
-  if (result != 0) {
-    ALOGE(
-        "HardwareComposer::MapConfigBuffer: Failed to map vrflinger config "
-        "buffer.");
-    return -EPERM;
-  }
-
-  shared_config_ring_ = DvrConfigRing::Create(buffer_base, ion_buffer.width());
-  ion_buffer.Unlock();
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::ConfigBufferDeleted() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(shared_config_mutex_);
-  shared_config_ring_ = DvrConfigRing();
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::UpdateConfigBuffer() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(shared_config_mutex_);
-  if (!shared_config_ring_.is_valid())
-    return;
-  // Copy from latest record in shared_config_ring_ to local copy.
-  DvrConfig record;
-  if (shared_config_ring_.GetNewest(&shared_config_ring_sequence_, &record)) {
-    ALOGI("DvrConfig updated: sequence %u, post offset %d",
-          shared_config_ring_sequence_, record.frame_post_offset_ns);
-    ++shared_config_ring_sequence_;
-    post_thread_config_ = record;
-  }
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::PostThreadPollInterruptible(
-    const pdx::LocalHandle& event_fd, int requested_events, int timeout_ms) {
-  pollfd pfd[2] = {
-      {
-          .fd = event_fd.Get(),
-          .events = static_cast<short>(requested_events),
-          .revents = 0,
-      },
-      {
-          .fd = post_thread_event_fd_.Get(),
-          .events = POLLPRI | POLLIN,
-          .revents = 0,
-      },
-  };
-  int ret, error;
-  do {
-    ret = poll(pfd, 2, timeout_ms);
-    error = errno;
-    ALOGW_IF(ret < 0,
-             "HardwareComposer::PostThreadPollInterruptible: Error during "
-             "poll(): %s (%d)",
-             strerror(error), error);
-  } while (ret < 0 && error == EINTR);
-
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    return -error;
-  } else if (ret == 0) {
-    return -ETIMEDOUT;
-  } else if (pfd[0].revents != 0) {
-    return 0;
-  } else if (pfd[1].revents != 0) {
-    ALOGI("VrHwcPost thread interrupted: revents=%x", pfd[1].revents);
-    return kPostThreadInterrupted;
-  } else {
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-// Sleep until the next predicted vsync, returning the predicted vsync
-// timestamp.
-Status<int64_t> HardwareComposer::WaitForPredictedVSync() {
-  const int64_t predicted_vsync_time = last_vsync_timestamp_ +
-      (target_display_->vsync_period_ns * vsync_prediction_interval_);
-  const int error = SleepUntil(predicted_vsync_time);
-  if (error < 0) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::WaifForVSync:: Failed to sleep: %s",
-          strerror(-error));
-    return error;
-  }
-  return {predicted_vsync_time};
-}
-
-int HardwareComposer::SleepUntil(int64_t wakeup_timestamp) {
-  const int timer_fd = vsync_sleep_timer_fd_.Get();
-  const itimerspec wakeup_itimerspec = {
-      .it_interval = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0},
-      .it_value = NsToTimespec(wakeup_timestamp),
-  };
-  int ret =
-      timerfd_settime(timer_fd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME, &wakeup_itimerspec, nullptr);
-  int error = errno;
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    ALOGE("HardwareComposer::SleepUntil: Failed to set timerfd: %s",
-          strerror(error));
-    return -error;
-  }
-
-  return PostThreadPollInterruptible(vsync_sleep_timer_fd_, POLLIN,
-                                     /*timeout_ms*/ -1);
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::PostThread() {
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/int)
-  prctl(PR_SET_NAME, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>("VrHwcPost"), 0, 0, 0);
-
-  // Set the scheduler to SCHED_FIFO with high priority. If this fails here
-  // there may have been a startup timing issue between this thread and
-  // performanced. Try again later when this thread becomes active.
-  bool thread_policy_setup =
-      SetThreadPolicy("graphics:high", "/system/performance");
-
-  // Create a timerfd based on CLOCK_MONOTINIC.
-  vsync_sleep_timer_fd_.Reset(timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, 0));
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-      !vsync_sleep_timer_fd_,
-      "HardwareComposer: Failed to create vsync sleep timerfd: %s",
-      strerror(errno));
-
-  struct VsyncEyeOffsets { int64_t left_ns, right_ns; };
-  bool was_running = false;
-
-  auto get_vsync_eye_offsets = [this]() -> VsyncEyeOffsets {
-    VsyncEyeOffsets offsets;
-    offsets.left_ns =
-        GetPosePredictionTimeOffset(target_display_->vsync_period_ns);
-
-    // TODO(jbates) Query vblank time from device, when such an API is
-    // available. This value (6.3%) was measured on A00 in low persistence mode.
-    int64_t vblank_ns = target_display_->vsync_period_ns * 63 / 1000;
-    offsets.right_ns = (target_display_->vsync_period_ns - vblank_ns) / 2;
-
-    // Check property for overriding right eye offset value.
-    offsets.right_ns =
-        property_get_int64(kRightEyeOffsetProperty, offsets.right_ns);
-
-    return offsets;
-  };
-
-  VsyncEyeOffsets vsync_eye_offsets = get_vsync_eye_offsets();
-
-  while (1) {
-    ATRACE_NAME("HardwareComposer::PostThread");
-
-    // Check for updated config once per vsync.
-    UpdateConfigBuffer();
-
-    while (post_thread_quiescent_) {
-      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-      ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostThread: Entering quiescent state.");
-
-      if (was_running) {
-        vsync_trace_parity_ = false;
-        ATRACE_INT(kVsyncTraceEventName, 0);
-      }
-
-      // Tear down resources.
-      OnPostThreadPaused();
-      was_running = false;
-      post_thread_resumed_ = false;
-      post_thread_ready_.notify_all();
-
-      if (PostThreadCondWait(lock, -1,
-                             [this] { return !post_thread_quiescent_; })) {
-        // A true return value means we've been asked to quit.
-        return;
-      }
-
-      post_thread_resumed_ = true;
-      post_thread_ready_.notify_all();
-
-      ALOGI("HardwareComposer::PostThread: Exiting quiescent state.");
-    }
-
-    if (!composer_)
-      CreateComposer();
-
-    bool target_display_changed = UpdateTargetDisplay();
-    bool just_resumed_running = !was_running;
-    was_running = true;
-
-    if (target_display_changed)
-      vsync_eye_offsets = get_vsync_eye_offsets();
-
-    if (just_resumed_running) {
-      OnPostThreadResumed();
-
-      // Try to setup the scheduler policy if it failed during startup. Only
-      // attempt to do this on transitions from inactive to active to avoid
-      // spamming the system with RPCs and log messages.
-      if (!thread_policy_setup) {
-        thread_policy_setup =
-            SetThreadPolicy("graphics:high", "/system/performance");
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (target_display_changed || just_resumed_running) {
-      // Initialize the last vsync timestamp with the current time. The
-      // predictor below uses this time + the vsync interval in absolute time
-      // units for the initial delay. Once the driver starts reporting vsync the
-      // predictor will sync up with the real vsync.
-      last_vsync_timestamp_ = GetSystemClockNs();
-      vsync_prediction_interval_ = 1;
-      retire_fence_fds_.clear();
-    }
-
-    int64_t vsync_timestamp = 0;
-    {
-      TRACE_FORMAT("wait_vsync|vsync=%u;last_timestamp=%" PRId64
-                   ";prediction_interval=%d|",
-                   vsync_count_ + 1, last_vsync_timestamp_,
-                   vsync_prediction_interval_);
-
-      auto status = WaitForPredictedVSync();
-      ALOGE_IF(
-          !status,
-          "HardwareComposer::PostThread: Failed to wait for vsync event: %s",
-          status.GetErrorMessage().c_str());
-
-      // If there was an error either sleeping was interrupted due to pausing or
-      // there was an error getting the latest timestamp.
-      if (!status)
-        continue;
-
-      // Predicted vsync timestamp for this interval. This is stable because we
-      // use absolute time for the wakeup timer.
-      vsync_timestamp = status.get();
-    }
-
-    vsync_trace_parity_ = !vsync_trace_parity_;
-    ATRACE_INT(kVsyncTraceEventName, vsync_trace_parity_ ? 1 : 0);
-
-    // Advance the vsync counter only if the system is keeping up with hardware
-    // vsync to give clients an indication of the delays.
-    if (vsync_prediction_interval_ == 1)
-      ++vsync_count_;
-
-    UpdateLayerConfig();
-
-    // Publish the vsync event.
-    if (vsync_ring_) {
-      DvrVsync vsync;
-      vsync.vsync_count = vsync_count_;
-      vsync.vsync_timestamp_ns = vsync_timestamp;
-      vsync.vsync_left_eye_offset_ns = vsync_eye_offsets.left_ns;
-      vsync.vsync_right_eye_offset_ns = vsync_eye_offsets.right_ns;
-      vsync.vsync_period_ns = target_display_->vsync_period_ns;
-
-      vsync_ring_->Publish(vsync);
-    }
-
-    {
-      // Sleep until shortly before vsync.
-      ATRACE_NAME("sleep");
-
-      const int64_t display_time_est_ns =
-          vsync_timestamp + target_display_->vsync_period_ns;
-      const int64_t now_ns = GetSystemClockNs();
-      const int64_t sleep_time_ns = display_time_est_ns - now_ns -
-                                    post_thread_config_.frame_post_offset_ns;
-      const int64_t wakeup_time_ns =
-          display_time_est_ns - post_thread_config_.frame_post_offset_ns;
-
-      ATRACE_INT64("sleep_time_ns", sleep_time_ns);
-      if (sleep_time_ns > 0) {
-        int error = SleepUntil(wakeup_time_ns);
-        ALOGE_IF(error < 0 && error != kPostThreadInterrupted,
-                 "HardwareComposer::PostThread: Failed to sleep: %s",
-                 strerror(-error));
-        // If the sleep was interrupted (error == kPostThreadInterrupted),
-        // we still go through and present this frame because we may have set
-        // layers earlier and we want to flush the Composer's internal command
-        // buffer by continuing through to validate and present.
-      }
-    }
-
-    {
-      auto status = composer_callback_->GetVsyncTime(target_display_->id);
-
-      // If we failed to read vsync there might be a problem with the driver.
-      // Since there's nothing we can do just behave as though we didn't get an
-      // updated vsync time and let the prediction continue.
-      const int64_t current_vsync_timestamp =
-          status ? status.get() : last_vsync_timestamp_;
-
-      const bool vsync_delayed =
-          last_vsync_timestamp_ == current_vsync_timestamp;
-      ATRACE_INT("vsync_delayed", vsync_delayed);
-
-      // If vsync was delayed advance the prediction interval and allow the
-      // fence logic in PostLayers() to skip the frame.
-      if (vsync_delayed) {
-        ALOGW(
-            "HardwareComposer::PostThread: VSYNC timestamp did not advance "
-            "since last frame: timestamp=%" PRId64 " prediction_interval=%d",
-            current_vsync_timestamp, vsync_prediction_interval_);
-        vsync_prediction_interval_++;
-      } else {
-        // We have an updated vsync timestamp, reset the prediction interval.
-        last_vsync_timestamp_ = current_vsync_timestamp;
-        vsync_prediction_interval_ = 1;
-      }
-    }
-
-    PostLayers(target_display_->id);
-  }
-}
-
-bool HardwareComposer::UpdateTargetDisplay() {
-  bool target_display_changed = false;
-  auto displays = composer_callback_->GetDisplays();
-  if (displays.external_display_was_hotplugged) {
-    bool was_using_external_display = !target_display_->is_primary;
-    if (was_using_external_display) {
-      // The external display was hotplugged, so make sure to ignore any bad
-      // display errors as we destroy the layers.
-      for (auto& layer: layers_)
-        layer.IgnoreBadDisplayErrorsOnDestroy(true);
-    }
-
-    if (displays.external_display) {
-      // External display was connected
-      external_display_ = GetDisplayParams(composer_.get(),
-          *displays.external_display, /*is_primary*/ false);
-
-      ALOGI("External display connected. Switching to external display.");
-      target_display_ = &(*external_display_);
-      target_display_changed = true;
-    } else {
-      // External display was disconnected
-      external_display_ = std::nullopt;
-      if (was_using_external_display) {
-        ALOGI("External display disconnected. Switching to primary display.");
-        target_display_ = &primary_display_;
-        target_display_changed = true;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (target_display_changed) {
-    // If we're switching to the external display, turn the primary display off.
-    if (!target_display_->is_primary) {
-      EnableDisplay(primary_display_, false);
-    }
-    // If we're switching to the primary display, and the external display is
-    // still connected, turn the external display off.
-    else if (target_display_->is_primary && external_display_) {
-      EnableDisplay(*external_display_, false);
-    }
-
-    // Update the cached edid data for the current display.
-    UpdateEdidData(composer_.get(), target_display_->id);
-
-    // Turn the new target display on.
-    EnableDisplay(*target_display_, true);
-
-    // When we switch displays we need to recreate all the layers, so clear the
-    // current list, which will trigger layer recreation.
-    layers_.clear();
-  }
-
-  return target_display_changed;
-}
-
-// Checks for changes in the surface stack and updates the layer config to
-// accomodate the new stack.
-void HardwareComposer::UpdateLayerConfig() {
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces;
-  {
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(post_thread_mutex_);
-
-    if (!surfaces_changed_ && (!layers_.empty() || surfaces_.empty()))
-      return;
-
-    surfaces = surfaces_;
-    surfaces_changed_ = false;
-  }
-
-  ATRACE_NAME("UpdateLayerConfig_HwLayers");
-
-  // Sort the new direct surface list by z-order to determine the relative order
-  // of the surfaces. This relative order is used for the HWC z-order value to
-  // insulate VrFlinger and HWC z-order semantics from each other.
-  std::sort(surfaces.begin(), surfaces.end(), [](const auto& a, const auto& b) {
-    return a->z_order() < b->z_order();
-  });
-
-  // Prepare a new layer stack, pulling in layers from the previous
-  // layer stack that are still active and updating their attributes.
-  std::vector<Layer> layers;
-  size_t layer_index = 0;
-  for (const auto& surface : surfaces) {
-    // The bottom layer is opaque, other layers blend.
-    HWC::BlendMode blending =
-        layer_index == 0 ? HWC::BlendMode::None : HWC::BlendMode::Coverage;
-
-    // Try to find a layer for this surface in the set of active layers.
-    auto search =
-        std::lower_bound(layers_.begin(), layers_.end(), surface->surface_id());
-    const bool found = search != layers_.end() &&
-                       search->GetSurfaceId() == surface->surface_id();
-    if (found) {
-      // Update the attributes of the layer that may have changed.
-      search->SetBlending(blending);
-      search->SetZOrder(layer_index);  // Relative z-order.
-
-      // Move the existing layer to the new layer set and remove the empty layer
-      // object from the current set.
-      layers.push_back(std::move(*search));
-      layers_.erase(search);
-    } else {
-      // Insert a layer for the new surface.
-      layers.emplace_back(composer_.get(), *target_display_, surface, blending,
-          HWC::Composition::Device, layer_index);
-    }
-
-    ALOGI_IF(
-        TRACE,
-        "HardwareComposer::UpdateLayerConfig: layer_index=%zu surface_id=%d",
-        layer_index, layers[layer_index].GetSurfaceId());
-
-    layer_index++;
-  }
-
-  // Sort the new layer stack by ascending surface id.
-  std::sort(layers.begin(), layers.end());
-
-  // Replace the previous layer set with the new layer set. The destructor of
-  // the previous set will clean up the remaining Layers that are not moved to
-  // the new layer set.
-  layers_ = std::move(layers);
-
-  ALOGD_IF(TRACE, "HardwareComposer::UpdateLayerConfig: %zd active layers",
-           layers_.size());
-}
-
-std::vector<sp<IVsyncCallback>>::const_iterator
-HardwareComposer::VsyncService::FindCallback(
-    const sp<IVsyncCallback>& callback) const {
-  sp<IBinder> binder = IInterface::asBinder(callback);
-  return std::find_if(callbacks_.cbegin(), callbacks_.cend(),
-                      [&](const sp<IVsyncCallback>& callback) {
-                        return IInterface::asBinder(callback) == binder;
-                      });
-}
-
-status_t HardwareComposer::VsyncService::registerCallback(
-    const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  if (FindCallback(callback) == callbacks_.cend()) {
-    callbacks_.push_back(callback);
-  }
-  return OK;
-}
-
-status_t HardwareComposer::VsyncService::unregisterCallback(
-    const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  auto iter = FindCallback(callback);
-  if (iter != callbacks_.cend()) {
-    callbacks_.erase(iter);
-  }
-  return OK;
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::VsyncService::OnVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp) {
-  ATRACE_NAME("VsyncService::OnVsync");
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  for (auto iter = callbacks_.begin(); iter != callbacks_.end();) {
-    if ((*iter)->onVsync(vsync_timestamp) == android::DEAD_OBJECT) {
-      iter = callbacks_.erase(iter);
-    } else {
-      ++iter;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onHotplug(
-    Hwc2::Display display, IComposerCallback::Connection conn) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  ALOGI("onHotplug display=%" PRIu64 " conn=%d", display, conn);
-
-  bool is_primary = !got_first_hotplug_ || display == primary_display_.id;
-
-  // Our first onHotplug callback is always for the primary display.
-  if (!got_first_hotplug_) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(conn != IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED,
-        "Initial onHotplug callback should be primary display connected");
-    got_first_hotplug_ = true;
-  } else if (is_primary) {
-    ALOGE("Ignoring unexpected onHotplug() call for primary display");
-    return Void();
-  }
-
-  if (conn == IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED) {
-    if (!is_primary)
-      external_display_ = DisplayInfo();
-    DisplayInfo& display_info = is_primary ?
-        primary_display_ : *external_display_;
-    display_info.id = display;
-
-    std::array<char, 1024> buffer;
-    snprintf(buffer.data(), buffer.size(),
-             "/sys/class/graphics/fb%" PRIu64 "/vsync_event", display);
-    if (LocalHandle handle{buffer.data(), O_RDONLY}) {
-      ALOGI(
-          "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onHotplug: Driver supports "
-          "vsync_event node for display %" PRIu64,
-          display);
-      display_info.driver_vsync_event_fd = std::move(handle);
-    } else {
-      ALOGI(
-          "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onHotplug: Driver does not "
-          "support vsync_event node for display %" PRIu64,
-          display);
-    }
-  } else if (conn == IComposerCallback::Connection::DISCONNECTED) {
-    external_display_ = std::nullopt;
-  }
-
-  if (!is_primary)
-    external_display_was_hotplugged_ = true;
-
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onRefresh(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/) {
-  return hardware::Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onVsync(Hwc2::Display display,
-                                                         int64_t timestamp) {
-  TRACE_FORMAT("vsync_callback|display=%" PRIu64 ";timestamp=%" PRId64 "|",
-               display, timestamp);
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  DisplayInfo* display_info = GetDisplayInfo(display);
-  if (display_info) {
-    display_info->callback_vsync_timestamp = timestamp;
-  }
-  if (primary_display_.id == display && vsync_service_ != nullptr) {
-    vsync_service_->OnVsync(timestamp);
-  }
-
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onVsync_2_4(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/, int64_t /*timestamp*/,
-    Hwc2::VsyncPeriodNanos /*vsyncPeriodNanos*/) {
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected onVsync_2_4 callback");
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/,
-    const Hwc2::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& /*updatedTimeline*/) {
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged callback");
-  return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::onSeamlessPossible(
-    Hwc2::Display /*display*/) {
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected onSeamlessPossible callback");
-  return Void();
-}
-
-void HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::SetVsyncService(
-    const sp<VsyncService>& vsync_service) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  vsync_service_ = vsync_service;
-}
-
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::Displays
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetDisplays() {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-  Displays displays;
-  displays.primary_display = primary_display_.id;
-  if (external_display_)
-    displays.external_display = external_display_->id;
-  if (external_display_was_hotplugged_) {
-    external_display_was_hotplugged_ = false;
-    displays.external_display_was_hotplugged = true;
-  }
-  return displays;
-}
-
-Status<int64_t> HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime(
-    hwc2_display_t display) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> autolock(mutex_);
-  DisplayInfo* display_info = GetDisplayInfo(display);
-  if (!display_info) {
-    ALOGW("Attempt to get vsync time for unknown display %" PRIu64, display);
-    return ErrorStatus(EINVAL);
-  }
-
-  // See if the driver supports direct vsync events.
-  LocalHandle& event_fd = display_info->driver_vsync_event_fd;
-  if (!event_fd) {
-    // Fall back to returning the last timestamp returned by the vsync
-    // callback.
-    return display_info->callback_vsync_timestamp;
-  }
-
-  // When the driver supports the vsync_event sysfs node we can use it to
-  // determine the latest vsync timestamp, even if the HWC callback has been
-  // delayed.
-
-  // The driver returns data in the form "VSYNC=<timestamp ns>".
-  std::array<char, 32> data;
-  data.fill('\0');
-
-  // Seek back to the beginning of the event file.
-  int ret = lseek(event_fd.Get(), 0, SEEK_SET);
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE(
-        "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime: Failed to seek "
-        "vsync event fd: %s",
-        strerror(error));
-    return ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  // Read the vsync event timestamp.
-  ret = read(event_fd.Get(), data.data(), data.size());
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE_IF(error != EAGAIN,
-             "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime: Error "
-             "while reading timestamp: %s",
-             strerror(error));
-    return ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  int64_t timestamp;
-  ret = sscanf(data.data(), "VSYNC=%" PRIu64,
-               reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(&timestamp));
-  if (ret < 0) {
-    const int error = errno;
-    ALOGE(
-        "HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetVsyncTime: Error while "
-        "parsing timestamp: %s",
-        strerror(error));
-    return ErrorStatus(error);
-  }
-
-  return {timestamp};
-}
-
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::DisplayInfo*
-HardwareComposer::ComposerCallback::GetDisplayInfo(hwc2_display_t display) {
-  if (display == primary_display_.id) {
-    return &primary_display_;
-  } else if (external_display_ && display == external_display_->id) {
-    return &(*external_display_);
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-void Layer::Reset() {
-  if (hardware_composer_layer_) {
-    HWC::Error error =
-        composer_->destroyLayer(display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_);
-    if (error != HWC::Error::None &&
-        (!ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ ||
-         error != HWC::Error::BadDisplay)) {
-      ALOGE("destroyLayer() failed for display %" PRIu64 ", layer %" PRIu64
-          ". error: %s", display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-          error.to_string().c_str());
-    }
-    hardware_composer_layer_ = 0;
-  }
-
-  z_order_ = 0;
-  blending_ = HWC::BlendMode::None;
-  composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::Invalid;
-  target_composition_type_ = composition_type_;
-  source_ = EmptyVariant{};
-  acquire_fence_.Close();
-  surface_rect_functions_applied_ = false;
-  pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-  cached_buffer_map_.clear();
-  ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ = false;
-}
-
-Layer::Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-             const std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>& surface,
-             HWC::BlendMode blending, HWC::Composition composition_type,
-             size_t z_order)
-    : composer_(composer),
-      display_params_(display_params),
-      z_order_{z_order},
-      blending_{blending},
-      target_composition_type_{composition_type},
-      source_{SourceSurface{surface}} {
-  CommonLayerSetup();
-}
-
-Layer::Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-             const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer, HWC::BlendMode blending,
-             HWC::Composition composition_type, size_t z_order)
-    : composer_(composer),
-      display_params_(display_params),
-      z_order_{z_order},
-      blending_{blending},
-      target_composition_type_{composition_type},
-      source_{SourceBuffer{buffer}} {
-  CommonLayerSetup();
-}
-
-Layer::~Layer() { Reset(); }
-
-Layer::Layer(Layer&& other) noexcept { *this = std::move(other); }
-
-Layer& Layer::operator=(Layer&& other) noexcept {
-  if (this != &other) {
-    Reset();
-    using std::swap;
-    swap(composer_, other.composer_);
-    swap(display_params_, other.display_params_);
-    swap(hardware_composer_layer_, other.hardware_composer_layer_);
-    swap(z_order_, other.z_order_);
-    swap(blending_, other.blending_);
-    swap(composition_type_, other.composition_type_);
-    swap(target_composition_type_, other.target_composition_type_);
-    swap(source_, other.source_);
-    swap(acquire_fence_, other.acquire_fence_);
-    swap(surface_rect_functions_applied_,
-         other.surface_rect_functions_applied_);
-    swap(pending_visibility_settings_, other.pending_visibility_settings_);
-    swap(cached_buffer_map_, other.cached_buffer_map_);
-    swap(ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_,
-         other.ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_);
-  }
-  return *this;
-}
-
-void Layer::UpdateBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer) {
-  if (source_.is<SourceBuffer>())
-    std::get<SourceBuffer>(source_) = {buffer};
-}
-
-void Layer::SetBlending(HWC::BlendMode blending) {
-  if (blending_ != blending) {
-    blending_ = blending;
-    pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-  }
-}
-
-void Layer::SetZOrder(size_t z_order) {
-  if (z_order_ != z_order) {
-    z_order_ = z_order;
-    pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-  }
-}
-
-IonBuffer* Layer::GetBuffer() {
-  struct Visitor {
-    IonBuffer* operator()(SourceSurface& source) { return source.GetBuffer(); }
-    IonBuffer* operator()(SourceBuffer& source) { return source.GetBuffer(); }
-    IonBuffer* operator()(EmptyVariant) { return nullptr; }
-  };
-  return source_.Visit(Visitor{});
-}
-
-void Layer::UpdateVisibilitySettings() {
-  if (pending_visibility_settings_) {
-    pending_visibility_settings_ = false;
-
-    HWC::Error error;
-
-    error = composer_->setLayerBlendMode(
-        display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-        blending_.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::BlendMode>());
-    ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-             "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer blend mode: %s",
-             error.to_string().c_str());
-
-    error = composer_->setLayerZOrder(display_params_.id,
-        hardware_composer_layer_, z_order_);
-    ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-             "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting z_ order: %s",
-             error.to_string().c_str());
-  }
-}
-
-void Layer::UpdateLayerSettings() {
-  HWC::Error error;
-
-  UpdateVisibilitySettings();
-
-  // TODO(eieio): Use surface attributes or some other mechanism to control
-  // the layer display frame.
-  error = composer_->setLayerDisplayFrame(
-      display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-      {0, 0, display_params_.width, display_params_.height});
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer display frame: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-
-  error = composer_->setLayerVisibleRegion(
-      display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-      {{0, 0, display_params_.width, display_params_.height}});
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer visible region: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-
-  error = composer_->setLayerPlaneAlpha(display_params_.id,
-      hardware_composer_layer_, 1.0f);
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::UpdateLayerSettings: Error setting layer plane alpha: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-}
-
-void Layer::CommonLayerSetup() {
-  HWC::Error error = composer_->createLayer(display_params_.id,
-                                            &hardware_composer_layer_);
-  ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-           "Layer::CommonLayerSetup: Failed to create layer on primary "
-           "display: %s",
-           error.to_string().c_str());
-  UpdateLayerSettings();
-}
-
-bool Layer::CheckAndUpdateCachedBuffer(std::size_t slot, int buffer_id) {
-  auto search = cached_buffer_map_.find(slot);
-  if (search != cached_buffer_map_.end() && search->second == buffer_id)
-    return true;
-
-  // Assign or update the buffer slot.
-  if (buffer_id >= 0)
-    cached_buffer_map_[slot] = buffer_id;
-  return false;
-}
-
-void Layer::Prepare() {
-  int right, bottom, id;
-  sp<GraphicBuffer> handle;
-  std::size_t slot;
-
-  // Acquire the next buffer according to the type of source.
-  IfAnyOf<SourceSurface, SourceBuffer>::Call(&source_, [&](auto& source) {
-    std::tie(right, bottom, id, handle, acquire_fence_, slot) =
-        source.Acquire();
-  });
-
-  TRACE_FORMAT("Layer::Prepare|buffer_id=%d;slot=%zu|", id, slot);
-
-  // Update any visibility (blending, z-order) changes that occurred since
-  // last prepare.
-  UpdateVisibilitySettings();
-
-  // When a layer is first setup there may be some time before the first
-  // buffer arrives. Setup the HWC layer as a solid color to stall for time
-  // until the first buffer arrives. Once the first buffer arrives there will
-  // always be a buffer for the frame even if it is old.
-  if (!handle.get()) {
-    if (composition_type_ == HWC::Composition::Invalid) {
-      composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::SolidColor;
-      composer_->setLayerCompositionType(
-          display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-          composition_type_.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition>());
-      Hwc2::IComposerClient::Color layer_color = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-      composer_->setLayerColor(display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-                               layer_color);
-    } else {
-      // The composition type is already set. Nothing else to do until a
-      // buffer arrives.
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (composition_type_ != target_composition_type_) {
-      composition_type_ = target_composition_type_;
-      composer_->setLayerCompositionType(
-          display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-          composition_type_.cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition>());
-    }
-
-    // See if the HWC cache already has this buffer.
-    const bool cached = CheckAndUpdateCachedBuffer(slot, id);
-    if (cached)
-      handle = nullptr;
-
-    HWC::Error error{HWC::Error::None};
-    error =
-        composer_->setLayerBuffer(display_params_.id, hardware_composer_layer_,
-                                  slot, handle, acquire_fence_.Get());
-
-    ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-             "Layer::Prepare: Error setting layer buffer: %s",
-             error.to_string().c_str());
-
-    if (!surface_rect_functions_applied_) {
-      const float float_right = right;
-      const float float_bottom = bottom;
-      error = composer_->setLayerSourceCrop(display_params_.id,
-                                            hardware_composer_layer_,
-                                            {0, 0, float_right, float_bottom});
-
-      ALOGE_IF(error != HWC::Error::None,
-               "Layer::Prepare: Error setting layer source crop: %s",
-               error.to_string().c_str());
-
-      surface_rect_functions_applied_ = true;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void Layer::Finish(int release_fence_fd) {
-  IfAnyOf<SourceSurface, SourceBuffer>::Call(
-      &source_, [release_fence_fd](auto& source) {
-        source.Finish(LocalHandle(release_fence_fd));
-      });
-}
-
-void Layer::Drop() { acquire_fence_.Close(); }
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index bfce10b..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hardware_composer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,577 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_H_
-
-#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h"
-#include "hwc_types.h"
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_shared_buffers.h>
-#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include <array>
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <thread>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <dvr/dvr_config.h>
-#include <dvr/dvr_vsync.h>
-#include <pdx/file_handle.h>
-#include <pdx/rpc/variant.h>
-#include <private/dvr/shared_buffer_helpers.h>
-#include <private/dvr/vsync_service.h>
-
-#include "DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.h"
-#include "acquired_buffer.h"
-#include "display_surface.h"
-
-// Hardware composer HAL doesn't define HWC_TRANSFORM_NONE as of this writing.
-#ifndef HWC_TRANSFORM_NONE
-#define HWC_TRANSFORM_NONE static_cast<hwc_transform_t>(0)
-#endif
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// Basic display metrics for physical displays.
-struct DisplayParams {
-  hwc2_display_t id;
-  bool is_primary;
-
-  int width;
-  int height;
-
-  struct {
-    int x;
-    int y;
-  } dpi;
-
-  int vsync_period_ns;
-};
-
-// Layer represents the connection between a hardware composer layer and the
-// source supplying buffers for the layer's contents.
-class Layer {
- public:
-  Layer() = default;
-
-  // Sets up the layer to use a display surface as its content source. The Layer
-  // automatically handles ACQUIRE/RELEASE phases for the surface's buffer train
-  // every frame.
-  //
-  // |composer| The composer instance.
-  // |display_params| Info about the display to use.
-  // |blending| receives HWC_BLENDING_* values.
-  // |composition_type| receives either HWC_FRAMEBUFFER for most layers or
-  // HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET (unless you know what you are doing).
-  // |index| is the index of this surface in the DirectDisplaySurface array.
-  Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-        const std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>& surface,
-        HWC::BlendMode blending, HWC::Composition composition_type,
-        size_t z_order);
-
-  // Sets up the layer to use a direct buffer as its content source. No special
-  // handling of the buffer is performed; responsibility for updating or
-  // changing the buffer each frame is on the caller.
-  //
-  // |composer| The composer instance.
-  // |display_params| Info about the display to use.
-  // |blending| receives HWC_BLENDING_* values.
-  // |composition_type| receives either HWC_FRAMEBUFFER for most layers or
-  // HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET (unless you know what you are doing).
-  Layer(Hwc2::Composer* composer, const DisplayParams& display_params,
-        const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer, HWC::BlendMode blending,
-        HWC::Composition composition_type, size_t z_order);
-
-  Layer(Layer&&) noexcept;
-  Layer& operator=(Layer&&) noexcept;
-
-  ~Layer();
-
-  // Releases any shared pointers and fence handles held by this instance.
-  void Reset();
-
-  // Layers that use a direct IonBuffer should call this each frame to update
-  // which buffer will be used for the next PostLayers.
-  void UpdateBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer>& buffer);
-
-  // Sets up the hardware composer layer for the next frame. When the layer is
-  // associated with a display surface, this method automatically ACQUIRES a new
-  // buffer if one is available.
-  void Prepare();
-
-  // After calling prepare, if this frame is to be dropped instead of passing
-  // along to the HWC, call Drop to close the contained fence(s).
-  void Drop();
-
-  // Performs fence bookkeeping after the frame has been posted to hardware
-  // composer.
-  void Finish(int release_fence_fd);
-
-  // Sets the blending for the layer. |blending| receives HWC_BLENDING_* values.
-  void SetBlending(HWC::BlendMode blending);
-
-  // Sets the z-order of this layer
-  void SetZOrder(size_t z_order);
-
-  // Gets the current IonBuffer associated with this layer. Ownership of the
-  // buffer DOES NOT pass to the caller and the pointer is not guaranteed to
-  // remain valid across calls to Layer::Setup(), Layer::Prepare(), or
-  // Layer::Reset(). YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED.
-  IonBuffer* GetBuffer();
-
-  HWC::Composition GetCompositionType() const { return composition_type_; }
-  HWC::Layer GetLayerHandle() const { return hardware_composer_layer_; }
-  bool IsLayerSetup() const { return !source_.empty(); }
-
-  int GetSurfaceId() const {
-    int surface_id = -1;
-    pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf<SourceSurface>::Call(
-        &source_, [&surface_id](const SourceSurface& surface_source) {
-          surface_id = surface_source.GetSurfaceId();
-        });
-    return surface_id;
-  }
-
-  int GetBufferId() const {
-    int buffer_id = -1;
-    pdx::rpc::IfAnyOf<SourceSurface>::Call(
-        &source_, [&buffer_id](const SourceSurface& surface_source) {
-          buffer_id = surface_source.GetBufferId();
-        });
-    return buffer_id;
-  }
-
-  // Compares Layers by surface id.
-  bool operator<(const Layer& other) const {
-    return GetSurfaceId() < other.GetSurfaceId();
-  }
-  bool operator<(int surface_id) const { return GetSurfaceId() < surface_id; }
-
-  void IgnoreBadDisplayErrorsOnDestroy(bool ignore) {
-    ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ = ignore;
-  }
-
- private:
-  void CommonLayerSetup();
-
-  // Applies all of the settings to this layer using the hwc functions
-  void UpdateLayerSettings();
-
-  // Applies visibility settings that may have changed.
-  void UpdateVisibilitySettings();
-
-  // Checks whether the buffer, given by id, is associated with the given slot
-  // in the HWC buffer cache. If the slot is not associated with the given
-  // buffer the cache is updated to establish the association and the buffer
-  // should be sent to HWC using setLayerBuffer. Returns true if the association
-  // was already established, false if not. A buffer_id of -1 is never
-  // associated and always returns false.
-  bool CheckAndUpdateCachedBuffer(std::size_t slot, int buffer_id);
-
-  // Composer instance.
-  Hwc2::Composer* composer_ = nullptr;
-
-  // Parameters of the display to use for this layer.
-  DisplayParams display_params_;
-
-  // The hardware composer layer and metrics to use during the prepare cycle.
-  hwc2_layer_t hardware_composer_layer_ = 0;
-
-  // Layer properties used to setup the hardware composer layer during the
-  // Prepare phase.
-  size_t z_order_ = 0;
-  HWC::BlendMode blending_ = HWC::BlendMode::None;
-  HWC::Composition composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::Invalid;
-  HWC::Composition target_composition_type_ = HWC::Composition::Device;
-
-  // State when the layer is connected to a surface. Provides the same interface
-  // as SourceBuffer to simplify internal use by Layer.
-  struct SourceSurface {
-    std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface> surface;
-    AcquiredBuffer acquired_buffer;
-    pdx::LocalHandle release_fence;
-
-    explicit SourceSurface(const std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>& surface)
-        : surface(surface) {}
-
-    // Attempts to acquire a new buffer from the surface and return a tuple with
-    // width, height, buffer handle, and fence. If a new buffer is not available
-    // the previous buffer is returned or an empty value if no buffer has ever
-    // been posted. When a new buffer is acquired the previous buffer's release
-    // fence is passed out automatically.
-    std::tuple<int, int, int, sp<GraphicBuffer>, pdx::LocalHandle, std::size_t>
-    Acquire() {
-      if (surface->IsBufferAvailable()) {
-        acquired_buffer.Release(std::move(release_fence));
-        acquired_buffer = surface->AcquireCurrentBuffer();
-        ATRACE_ASYNC_END("BufferPost", acquired_buffer.buffer()->id());
-      }
-      if (!acquired_buffer.IsEmpty()) {
-        return std::make_tuple(
-            acquired_buffer.buffer()->width(),
-            acquired_buffer.buffer()->height(), acquired_buffer.buffer()->id(),
-            acquired_buffer.buffer()->buffer()->buffer(),
-            acquired_buffer.ClaimAcquireFence(), acquired_buffer.slot());
-      } else {
-        return std::make_tuple(0, 0, -1, nullptr, pdx::LocalHandle{}, 0);
-      }
-    }
-
-    void Finish(pdx::LocalHandle fence) { release_fence = std::move(fence); }
-
-    // Gets a pointer to the current acquired buffer or returns nullptr if there
-    // isn't one.
-    IonBuffer* GetBuffer() {
-      if (acquired_buffer.IsAvailable())
-        return acquired_buffer.buffer()->buffer();
-      else
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // Returns the surface id of the surface.
-    int GetSurfaceId() const { return surface->surface_id(); }
-
-    // Returns the buffer id for the current buffer.
-    int GetBufferId() const {
-      if (acquired_buffer.IsAvailable())
-        return acquired_buffer.buffer()->id();
-      else
-        return -1;
-    }
-  };
-
-  // State when the layer is connected to a buffer. Provides the same interface
-  // as SourceSurface to simplify internal use by Layer.
-  struct SourceBuffer {
-    std::shared_ptr<IonBuffer> buffer;
-
-    std::tuple<int, int, int, sp<GraphicBuffer>, pdx::LocalHandle, std::size_t>
-    Acquire() {
-      if (buffer)
-        return std::make_tuple(buffer->width(), buffer->height(), -1,
-                               buffer->buffer(), pdx::LocalHandle{}, 0);
-      else
-        return std::make_tuple(0, 0, -1, nullptr, pdx::LocalHandle{}, 0);
-    }
-
-    void Finish(pdx::LocalHandle /*fence*/) {}
-
-    IonBuffer* GetBuffer() { return buffer.get(); }
-
-    int GetSurfaceId() const { return -1; }
-    int GetBufferId() const { return -1; }
-  };
-
-  // The underlying hardware composer layer is supplied buffers either from a
-  // surface buffer train or from a buffer directly.
-  pdx::rpc::Variant<SourceSurface, SourceBuffer> source_;
-
-  pdx::LocalHandle acquire_fence_;
-  bool surface_rect_functions_applied_ = false;
-  bool pending_visibility_settings_ = true;
-
-  // Map of buffer slot assignments that have already been established with HWC:
-  // slot -> buffer_id. When this map contains a matching slot and buffer_id the
-  // buffer argument to setLayerBuffer may be nullptr to avoid the cost of
-  // importing a buffer HWC already knows about.
-  std::map<std::size_t, int> cached_buffer_map_;
-
-  // When calling destroyLayer() on an external display that's been removed we
-  // typically get HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY errors. If
-  // ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ is true, don't log the bad display
-  // errors, since they're expected.
-  bool ignore_bad_display_errors_on_destroy_ = false;
-
-  Layer(const Layer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const Layer&) = delete;
-};
-
-// HardwareComposer encapsulates the hardware composer HAL, exposing a
-// simplified API to post buffers to the display.
-//
-// HardwareComposer is accessed by both the vr flinger dispatcher thread and the
-// surface flinger main thread, in addition to internally running a separate
-// thread for compositing/EDS and posting layers to the HAL. When changing how
-// variables are used or adding new state think carefully about which threads
-// will access the state and whether it needs to be synchronized.
-class HardwareComposer {
- public:
-  using RequestDisplayCallback = std::function<void(bool)>;
-
-  HardwareComposer();
-  ~HardwareComposer();
-
-  bool Initialize(Hwc2::Composer* composer,
-                  hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                  RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-
-  bool IsInitialized() const { return initialized_; }
-
-  // Start the post thread if there's work to do (i.e. visible layers). This
-  // should only be called from surface flinger's main thread.
-  void Enable();
-  // Pause the post thread, blocking until the post thread has signaled that
-  // it's paused. This should only be called from surface flinger's main thread.
-  void Disable();
-
-  // Called on a binder thread.
-  void OnBootFinished();
-
-  std::string Dump();
-
-  const DisplayParams& GetPrimaryDisplayParams() const {
-    return primary_display_;
-  }
-
-  // Sets the display surfaces to compose the hardware layer stack.
-  void SetDisplaySurfaces(
-      std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces);
-
-  int OnNewGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key, IonBuffer& ion_buffer);
-  void OnDeletedGlobalBuffer(DvrGlobalBufferKey key);
-
-  // Gets the edid data for the current active display (internal or external)
-  DisplayIdentificationData GetCurrentDisplayIdentificationData() {
-    return display_identification_data_;
-  }
-
-  // Gets the edid port for the current active display (internal or external)
-  uint8_t GetCurrentDisplayPort() { return display_port_; }
-
- private:
-  DisplayParams GetDisplayParams(Hwc2::Composer* composer,
-      hwc2_display_t display, bool is_primary);
-
-  // Turn display vsync on/off. Returns true on success, false on failure.
-  bool EnableVsync(const DisplayParams& display, bool enabled);
-  // Turn display power on/off. Returns true on success, false on failure.
-  bool SetPowerMode(const DisplayParams& display, bool active);
-  // Convenience function to turn a display on/off. Turns both power and vsync
-  // on/off. Returns true on success, false on failure.
-  bool EnableDisplay(const DisplayParams& display, bool enabled);
-
-  class VsyncService : public BnVsyncService {
-   public:
-    status_t registerCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) override;
-    status_t unregisterCallback(const sp<IVsyncCallback> callback) override;
-    void OnVsync(int64_t vsync_timestamp);
-   private:
-    std::vector<sp<IVsyncCallback>>::const_iterator FindCallback(
-        const sp<IVsyncCallback>& callback) const;
-    std::mutex mutex_;
-    std::vector<sp<IVsyncCallback>> callbacks_;
-  };
-
-  class ComposerCallback : public Hwc2::IComposerCallback {
-   public:
-    ComposerCallback() = default;
-    hardware::Return<void> onHotplug(Hwc2::Display display,
-                                     Connection conn) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onRefresh(Hwc2::Display display) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onVsync(Hwc2::Display display,
-                                   int64_t timestamp) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onVsync_2_4(
-        Hwc2::Display display, int64_t timestamp,
-        Hwc2::VsyncPeriodNanos vsyncPeriodNanos) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
-        Hwc2::Display display,
-        const Hwc2::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& updatedTimeline) override;
-    hardware::Return<void> onSeamlessPossible(Hwc2::Display display) override;
-
-    bool GotFirstHotplug() { return got_first_hotplug_; }
-    void SetVsyncService(const sp<VsyncService>& vsync_service);
-
-    struct Displays {
-      hwc2_display_t primary_display = 0;
-      std::optional<hwc2_display_t> external_display;
-      bool external_display_was_hotplugged = false;
-    };
-
-    Displays GetDisplays();
-    pdx::Status<int64_t> GetVsyncTime(hwc2_display_t display);
-
-   private:
-    struct DisplayInfo {
-      hwc2_display_t id = 0;
-      pdx::LocalHandle driver_vsync_event_fd;
-      int64_t callback_vsync_timestamp{0};
-    };
-
-    DisplayInfo* GetDisplayInfo(hwc2_display_t display);
-
-    std::mutex mutex_;
-
-    bool got_first_hotplug_ = false;
-    DisplayInfo primary_display_;
-    std::optional<DisplayInfo> external_display_;
-    bool external_display_was_hotplugged_ = false;
-    sp<VsyncService> vsync_service_;
-  };
-
-  HWC::Error Validate(hwc2_display_t display);
-  HWC::Error Present(hwc2_display_t display);
-
-  void PostLayers(hwc2_display_t display);
-  void PostThread();
-
-  // The post thread has two controlling states:
-  // 1. Idle: no work to do (no visible surfaces).
-  // 2. Suspended: explicitly halted (system is not in VR mode).
-  // When either #1 or #2 is true then the post thread is quiescent, otherwise
-  // it is active.
-  using PostThreadStateType = uint32_t;
-  struct PostThreadState {
-    enum : PostThreadStateType {
-      Active = 0,
-      Idle = (1 << 0),
-      Suspended = (1 << 1),
-      Quit = (1 << 2),
-    };
-  };
-
-  void UpdatePostThreadState(uint32_t state, bool suspend);
-
-  // Blocks until either event_fd becomes readable, or we're interrupted by a
-  // control thread, or timeout_ms is reached before any events occur. Any
-  // errors are returned as negative errno values, with -ETIMEDOUT returned in
-  // the case of a timeout. If we're interrupted, kPostThreadInterrupted will be
-  // returned.
-  int PostThreadPollInterruptible(const pdx::LocalHandle& event_fd,
-                                  int requested_events, int timeout_ms);
-
-  // WaitForPredictedVSync and SleepUntil are blocking calls made on the post
-  // thread that can be interrupted by a control thread. If interrupted, these
-  // calls return kPostThreadInterrupted.
-  int ReadWaitPPState();
-  pdx::Status<int64_t> WaitForPredictedVSync();
-  int SleepUntil(int64_t wakeup_timestamp);
-
-  // Initialize any newly connected displays, and set target_display_ to the
-  // display we should render to. Returns true if target_display_
-  // changed. Called only from the post thread.
-  bool UpdateTargetDisplay();
-
-  // Reconfigures the layer stack if the display surfaces changed since the last
-  // frame. Called only from the post thread.
-  void UpdateLayerConfig();
-
-  // Called on the post thread to create the Composer instance.
-  void CreateComposer();
-
-  // Called on the post thread when the post thread is resumed.
-  void OnPostThreadResumed();
-  // Called on the post thread when the post thread is paused or quits.
-  void OnPostThreadPaused();
-
-  // Use post_thread_wait_ to wait for a specific condition, specified by pred.
-  // timeout_sec < 0 means wait indefinitely, otherwise it specifies the timeout
-  // in seconds.
-  // The lock must be held when this function is called.
-  // Returns true if the wait was interrupted because the post thread was asked
-  // to quit.
-  bool PostThreadCondWait(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock,
-                          int timeout_sec,
-                          const std::function<bool()>& pred);
-
-  // Map the given shared memory buffer to our broadcast ring to track updates
-  // to the config parameters.
-  int MapConfigBuffer(IonBuffer& ion_buffer);
-  void ConfigBufferDeleted();
-  // Poll for config udpates.
-  void UpdateConfigBuffer();
-
-  bool initialized_;
-  bool is_standalone_device_;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::Composer> composer_;
-  sp<ComposerCallback> composer_callback_;
-  RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback_;
-
-  DisplayParams primary_display_;
-  std::optional<DisplayParams> external_display_;
-  DisplayParams* target_display_ = &primary_display_;
-
-  // The list of surfaces we should draw. Set by the display service when
-  // DirectSurfaces are added, removed, or change visibility. Written by the
-  // message dispatch thread and read by the post thread.
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> surfaces_;
-  // Set to true by the dispatch thread whenever surfaces_ changes. Set to false
-  // by the post thread when the new list of surfaces is processed.
-  bool surfaces_changed_ = false;
-
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DirectDisplaySurface>> current_surfaces_;
-
-  // Layer set for handling buffer flow into hardware composer layers. This
-  // vector must be sorted by surface_id in ascending order.
-  std::vector<Layer> layers_;
-
-  // The layer posting thread. This thread wakes up a short time before vsync to
-  // hand buffers to hardware composer.
-  std::thread post_thread_;
-
-  // Post thread state machine and synchronization primitives.
-  PostThreadStateType post_thread_state_{PostThreadState::Idle |
-                                         PostThreadState::Suspended};
-  std::atomic<bool> post_thread_quiescent_{true};
-  bool post_thread_resumed_{false};
-  pdx::LocalHandle post_thread_event_fd_;
-  std::mutex post_thread_mutex_;
-  std::condition_variable post_thread_wait_;
-  std::condition_variable post_thread_ready_;
-
-  // When boot is finished this will be set to true and the post thread will be
-  // notified via post_thread_wait_.
-  bool boot_finished_ = false;
-
-  // VSync sleep timerfd.
-  pdx::LocalHandle vsync_sleep_timer_fd_;
-
-  // The timestamp of the last vsync.
-  int64_t last_vsync_timestamp_ = 0;
-
-  // The number of vsync intervals to predict since the last vsync.
-  int vsync_prediction_interval_ = 1;
-
-  // Vsync count since display on.
-  uint32_t vsync_count_ = 0;
-
-  // Counter tracking the number of skipped frames.
-  int frame_skip_count_ = 0;
-
-  // Fd array for tracking retire fences that are returned by hwc. This allows
-  // us to detect when the display driver begins queuing frames.
-  std::vector<pdx::LocalHandle> retire_fence_fds_;
-
-  // If we are publishing vsync data, we will put it here.
-  std::unique_ptr<CPUMappedBroadcastRing<DvrVsyncRing>> vsync_ring_;
-
-  // Broadcast ring for receiving config data from the DisplayManager.
-  DvrConfigRing shared_config_ring_;
-  uint32_t shared_config_ring_sequence_{0};
-  // Config buffer for reading from the post thread.
-  DvrConfig post_thread_config_;
-  std::mutex shared_config_mutex_;
-
-  bool vsync_trace_parity_ = false;
-  sp<VsyncService> vsync_service_;
-
-  // Edid section.
-  void UpdateEdidData(Hwc2::Composer* composer, hwc2_display_t hw_id);
-  DisplayIdentificationData display_identification_data_;
-  uint8_t display_port_;
-
-  static constexpr int kPostThreadInterrupted = 1;
-
-  HardwareComposer(const HardwareComposer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const HardwareComposer&) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_DVR_SERVICES_DISPLAYD_HARDWARE_COMPOSER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hwc_types.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hwc_types.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 8b5c3b3..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/hwc_types.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_LIBVRFLINGER_HWCTYPES_H
-#define ANDROID_LIBVRFLINGER_HWCTYPES_H
-
-// General HWC type support. Hardware composer type support is a bit of a mess
-// between HWC1, HWC2 C/C++11, and HIDL types. Particularly bothersome is the
-// use of enum classes, which make analogous types between versions much
-// harder to deal with in a uniform way.
-//
-// These utilities help address some of these pains by providing a type-safe,
-// flexible interface to translate between different type spaces.
-
-#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
-#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
-#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
-
-#include <string>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace HWC {
-
-// Value types derived from HWC HAL types. Some of these are stand-alone,
-// while others are also wrapped in translator classes below.
-using ColorMode = int32_t;  // android_color_mode_t;
-using Config = hwc2_config_t;
-using ColorTransform =
-    std::underlying_type<android_color_transform_t>::type;          // int32_t;
-using Dataspace = std::underlying_type<android_dataspace_t>::type;  // int32_t;
-using DisplayId = hwc2_display_t;
-using DisplayRequest = std::underlying_type<HWC2::DisplayRequest>::type;
-using Hdr = std::underlying_type<android_hdr_t>::type;  // int32_t;
-using Layer = hwc2_layer_t;
-using PixelFormat =
-    std::underlying_type<android_pixel_format_t>::type;  // int32_t;
-
-// Type traits and casting utilities.
-
-// SFINAE utility to evaluate type expressions.
-template <typename...>
-using TestTypeExpression = void;
-
-// Traits type to determine the underlying type of an enum, integer,
-// or wrapper class.
-template <typename T, typename = typename std::is_enum<T>::type,
-          typename = typename std::is_integral<T>::type, typename = void>
-struct UnderlyingType {
-  using Type = T;
-};
-// Partial specialization that matches enum types. Captures the underlying type
-// of the enum in member type Type.
-template <typename T>
-struct UnderlyingType<T, std::true_type, std::false_type> {
-  using Type = typename std::underlying_type<T>::type;
-};
-// Partial specialization that matches integral types. Captures the type of the
-// integer in member type Type.
-template <typename T>
-struct UnderlyingType<T, std::false_type, std::true_type> {
-  using Type = T;
-};
-// Partial specialization that matches the wrapper types below. Captures
-// wrapper member type ValueType in member type Type.
-template <typename T>
-struct UnderlyingType<T, std::false_type, std::false_type,
-                      TestTypeExpression<typename T::ValueType>> {
-  using Type = typename T::ValueType;
-};
-
-// Enable if T is an enum with underlying type U.
-template <typename T, typename U, typename ReturnType = void>
-using EnableIfMatchingEnum = typename std::enable_if<
-    std::is_enum<T>::value &&
-        std::is_same<U, typename UnderlyingType<T>::Type>::value,
-    ReturnType>::type;
-
-// Enable if T and U are the same size/alignment and have the same underlying
-// type. Handles enum, integral, and wrapper classes below.
-template <typename T, typename U, typename Return = void>
-using EnableIfSafeCast = typename std::enable_if<
-    sizeof(T) == sizeof(U) && alignof(T) == alignof(U) &&
-        std::is_same<typename UnderlyingType<T>::Type,
-                     typename UnderlyingType<U>::Type>::value,
-    Return>::type;
-
-// Safely cast between std::vectors of matching enum/integer/wraper types.
-// Normally this is not possible with pendantic compiler type checks. However,
-// given the same size, alignment, and underlying type this is safe due to
-// allocator requirements and array-like element access guarantees.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-EnableIfSafeCast<T, U, std::vector<T>*> VectorCast(std::vector<U>* in) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<std::vector<T>*>(in);
-}
-
-// Translator classes that wrap specific HWC types to make translating
-// between different types (especially enum class) in code cleaner.
-
-// Base type for the enum wrappers below. This type provides type definitions
-// and implicit conversion logic common to each wrapper type.
-template <typename EnumType>
-struct Wrapper {
-  // Alias type of this instantiantion of Wrapper. Useful for inheriting
-  // constructors in subclasses via "using Base::Base;" statements.
-  using Base = Wrapper<EnumType>;
-
-  // The enum type wrapped by this instantiation of Wrapper.
-  using BaseType = EnumType;
-
-  // The underlying type of the base enum type.
-  using ValueType = typename UnderlyingType<BaseType>::Type;
-
-  // A default constructor is not defined here. Subclasses should define one
-  // as appropriate to define the correct inital value for the enum type.
-
-  // Default copy constructor.
-  Wrapper(const Wrapper&) = default;
-
-  // Implicit conversion from ValueType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Wrapper(ValueType value) : value(value) {}
-
-  // Implicit conversion from BaseType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Wrapper(BaseType value) : value(static_cast<ValueType>(value)) {}
-
-  // Implicit conversion from an enum type of the same underlying type.
-  template <typename T, typename = EnableIfMatchingEnum<T, ValueType>>
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Wrapper(const T& value) : value(static_cast<ValueType>(value)) {}
-
-  // Implicit conversion to BaseType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  operator BaseType() const { return static_cast<BaseType>(value); }
-
-  // Implicit conversion to ValueType.
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  operator ValueType() const { return value; }
-
-  template <typename T, typename = EnableIfMatchingEnum<T, ValueType>>
-  T cast() const {
-    return static_cast<T>(value);
-  }
-
-  // Converts to string using HWC2 stringification of BaseType.
-  std::string to_string() const {
-    return HWC2::to_string(static_cast<BaseType>(value));
-  }
-
-  bool operator!=(const Wrapper& other) const { return value != other.value; }
-  bool operator!=(ValueType other_value) const { return value != other_value; }
-  bool operator!=(BaseType other_value) const {
-    return static_cast<BaseType>(value) != other_value;
-  }
-  bool operator==(const Wrapper& other) const { return value == other.value; }
-  bool operator==(ValueType other_value) const { return value == other_value; }
-  bool operator==(BaseType other_value) const {
-    return static_cast<BaseType>(value) == other_value;
-  }
-
-  ValueType value;
-};
-
-struct Attribute final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Attribute> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_INVALID,
-    Width = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_WIDTH,
-    Height = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_HEIGHT,
-    VsyncPeriod = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_VSYNC_PERIOD,
-    DpiX = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_X,
-    DpiY = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_Y,
-  };
-
-  Attribute() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct BlendMode final : public Wrapper<HWC2::BlendMode> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_INVALID,
-    None = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_NONE,
-    Premultiplied = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED,
-    Coverage = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_COVERAGE,
-  };
-
-  BlendMode() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Composition final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Composition> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_COMPOSITION_INVALID,
-    Client = HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT,
-    Device = HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE,
-    SolidColor = HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR,
-    Cursor = HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR,
-    Sideband = HWC2_COMPOSITION_SIDEBAND,
-  };
-
-  Composition() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct DisplayType final : public Wrapper<HWC2::DisplayType> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_INVALID,
-    Physical = HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_PHYSICAL,
-    Virtual = HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_VIRTUAL,
-  };
-
-  DisplayType() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Error final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Error> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    None = HWC2_ERROR_NONE,
-    BadConfig = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_CONFIG,
-    BadDisplay = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY,
-    BadLayer = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER,
-    BadParameter = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER,
-    HasChanges = HWC2_ERROR_HAS_CHANGES,
-    NoResources = HWC2_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES,
-    NotValidated = HWC2_ERROR_NOT_VALIDATED,
-    Unsupported = HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
-  };
-
-  Error() : Base(None) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct LayerRequest final : public Wrapper<HWC2::LayerRequest> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    ClearClientTarget = HWC2_LAYER_REQUEST_CLEAR_CLIENT_TARGET,
-  };
-
-  LayerRequest() : Base(0) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct PowerMode final : public Wrapper<HWC2::PowerMode> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Off = HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF,
-    DozeSuspend = HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND,
-    Doze = HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE,
-    On = HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON,
-  };
-
-  PowerMode() : Base(Off) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Transform final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Transform> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    None = 0,
-    FlipH = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H,
-    FlipV = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V,
-    Rotate90 = HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_90,
-    Rotate180 = HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_180,
-    Rotate270 = HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_270,
-    FlipHRotate90 = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H_ROT_90,
-    FlipVRotate90 = HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V_ROT_90,
-  };
-
-  Transform() : Base(None) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-struct Vsync final : public Wrapper<HWC2::Vsync> {
-  enum : ValueType {
-    Invalid = HWC2_VSYNC_INVALID,
-    Enable = HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE,
-    Disable = HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE,
-  };
-
-  Vsync() : Base(Invalid) {}
-  using Base::Base;
-};
-
-// Utility color type.
-struct Color final {
-  Color(const Color&) = default;
-  Color(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t a) : r(r), g(g), b(b), a(a) {}
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  Color(hwc_color_t color) : r(color.r), g(color.g), b(color.b), a(color.a) {}
-
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-  operator hwc_color_t() const { return {r, g, b, a}; }
-
-  uint8_t r __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-  uint8_t g __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-  uint8_t b __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-  uint8_t a __attribute__((aligned(1)));
-};
-
-// Utility rectangle type.
-struct Rect final {
-  // TODO(eieio): Implicit conversion to/from Android rect types.
-
-  int32_t left __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-  int32_t top __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-  int32_t right __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-  int32_t bottom __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-};
-
-}  // namespace HWC
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_LIBVRFLINGER_HWCTYPES_H
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/include/dvr/vr_flinger.h b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/include/dvr/vr_flinger.h
deleted file mode 100644
index ae52076..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/include/dvr/vr_flinger.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ANDROID_DVR_VR_FLINGER_H_
-#define ANDROID_DVR_VR_FLINGER_H_
-
-#include <thread>
-#include <memory>
-
-#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
-#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
-#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
-#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
-
-#include <pdx/service_dispatcher.h>
-#include <vr/vr_manager/vr_manager.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace Hwc2 {
-class Composer;
-}  // namespace Hwc2
-
-namespace dvr {
-
-class DisplayService;
-
-class VrFlinger {
- public:
-  using RequestDisplayCallback = std::function<void(bool)>;
-  static std::unique_ptr<VrFlinger> Create(
-      Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-      hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-      RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-  ~VrFlinger();
-
-  // These functions are all called on surface flinger's main thread.
-  void OnBootFinished();
-  void GrantDisplayOwnership();
-  void SeizeDisplayOwnership();
-
-  // dump all vr flinger state.
-  std::string Dump();
-
- private:
-  VrFlinger();
-  bool Init(Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-            hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-            RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback);
-
-  // Needs to be a separate class for binder's ref counting
-  class PersistentVrStateCallback : public BnPersistentVrStateCallbacks {
-   public:
-    explicit PersistentVrStateCallback(
-        RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback)
-        : request_display_callback_(request_display_callback) {}
-    void onPersistentVrStateChanged(bool enabled) override;
-   private:
-    RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback_;
-  };
-
-  std::thread dispatcher_thread_;
-  std::unique_ptr<android::pdx::ServiceDispatcher> dispatcher_;
-  std::shared_ptr<android::dvr::DisplayService> display_service_;
-  sp<PersistentVrStateCallback> persistent_vr_state_callback_;
-  RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback_;
-};
-
-} // namespace dvr
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_DVR_VR_FLINGER_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 095f556..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-shared_libs = [
-    "android.hardware.configstore-utils",
-    "android.hardware.configstore@1.0",
-    "libbinder",
-    "libbufferhubqueue",
-    "libcutils",
-    "libgui",
-    "libhidlbase",
-    "liblog",
-    "libui",
-    "libutils",
-    "libnativewindow",
-    "libpdx_default_transport",
-    "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
-]
-
-static_libs = [
-    "libdisplay",
-]
-
-cc_test {
-    srcs: ["vrflinger_test.cpp"],
-    // See go/apct-presubmit for documentation on how this .filter file is used
-    // by Android's automated testing infrastructure for test filtering.
-    data: ["vrflinger_test.filter"],
-    static_libs: static_libs,
-    shared_libs: shared_libs,
-    cflags: [
-        "-DLOG_TAG=\"VrFlingerTest\"",
-        "-DTRACE=0",
-        "-O0",
-        "-g",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libsurfaceflinger_headers"],
-    name: "vrflinger_test",
-}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ac44f74..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.h>
-#include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
-#include <android/hardware/configstore/1.1/types.h>
-#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
-#include <configstore/Utils.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-
-#include <chrono>
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <thread>
-
-#include <private/dvr/display_client.h>
-
-using namespace android::hardware::configstore;
-using namespace android::hardware::configstore::V1_0;
-using android::dvr::display::DisplayClient;
-using android::dvr::display::Surface;
-using android::dvr::display::SurfaceAttribute;
-using android::dvr::display::SurfaceAttributeValue;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-// The transaction code for asking surface flinger if vr flinger is active. This
-// is done as a hidden api since it's only used for tests. See the "case 1028"
-// block in SurfaceFlinger::onTransact() in SurfaceFlinger.cpp.
-constexpr uint32_t kIsVrFlingerActiveTransactionCode = 1028;
-
-// The maximum amount of time to give vr flinger to activate/deactivate. If the
-// switch hasn't completed in this amount of time, the test will fail.
-constexpr auto kVrFlingerSwitchMaxTime = std::chrono::seconds(1);
-
-// How long to wait between each check to see if the vr flinger switch
-// completed.
-constexpr auto kVrFlingerSwitchPollInterval = std::chrono::milliseconds(50);
-
-// A Binder connection to surface flinger.
-class SurfaceFlingerConnection {
- public:
-  static std::unique_ptr<SurfaceFlingerConnection> Create() {
-    sp<ISurfaceComposer> surface_flinger = interface_cast<ISurfaceComposer>(
-        defaultServiceManager()->getService(String16("SurfaceFlinger")));
-    if (surface_flinger == nullptr) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return std::unique_ptr<SurfaceFlingerConnection>(
-        new SurfaceFlingerConnection(surface_flinger));
-  }
-
-  // Returns true if the surface flinger process is still running. We use this
-  // to detect if surface flinger has crashed.
-  bool IsAlive() {
-    IInterface::asBinder(surface_flinger_)->pingBinder();
-    return IInterface::asBinder(surface_flinger_)->isBinderAlive();
-  }
-
-  // Return true if vr flinger is currently active, false otherwise. If there's
-  // an error communicating with surface flinger, std::nullopt is returned.
-  std::optional<bool> IsVrFlingerActive() {
-    Parcel data, reply;
-    status_t result =
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(surface_flinger_->getInterfaceDescriptor());
-    if (result != OK) {
-      return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    result = IInterface::asBinder(surface_flinger_)
-                 ->transact(kIsVrFlingerActiveTransactionCode, data, &reply);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    bool vr_flinger_active;
-    result = reply.readBool(&vr_flinger_active);
-    if (result != OK) {
-      return std::nullopt;
-    }
-    return vr_flinger_active;
-  }
-
-  enum class VrFlingerSwitchResult : int8_t {
-    kSuccess,
-    kTimedOut,
-    kCommunicationError,
-    kSurfaceFlingerDied
-  };
-
-  // Wait for vr flinger to become active or inactive.
-  VrFlingerSwitchResult WaitForVrFlinger(bool wait_active) {
-    return WaitForVrFlingerTimed(wait_active, kVrFlingerSwitchPollInterval,
-        kVrFlingerSwitchMaxTime);
-  }
-
-  // Wait for vr flinger to become active or inactive, specifying custom timeouts.
-  VrFlingerSwitchResult WaitForVrFlingerTimed(bool wait_active,
-      std::chrono::milliseconds pollInterval, std::chrono::seconds timeout) {
-    auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    while (1) {
-      std::this_thread::sleep_for(pollInterval);
-      if (!IsAlive()) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSurfaceFlingerDied;
-      }
-      std::optional<bool> vr_flinger_active = IsVrFlingerActive();
-      if (!vr_flinger_active.has_value()) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kCommunicationError;
-      }
-      if (vr_flinger_active.value() == wait_active) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSuccess;
-      } else if (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time > timeout) {
-        return VrFlingerSwitchResult::kTimedOut;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  SurfaceFlingerConnection(sp<ISurfaceComposer> surface_flinger)
-      : surface_flinger_(surface_flinger) {}
-
-  sp<ISurfaceComposer> surface_flinger_ = nullptr;
-};
-
-// This test activates vr flinger by creating a vr flinger surface, then
-// deactivates vr flinger by destroying the surface. We verify that vr flinger
-// is activated and deactivated as expected, and that surface flinger doesn't
-// crash.
-//
-// If the device doesn't support vr flinger (as repoted by ConfigStore), the
-// test does nothing.
-//
-// If the device is a standalone vr device, the test also does nothing, since
-// this test verifies the behavior of display handoff from surface flinger to vr
-// flinger and back, and standalone devices never hand control of the display
-// back to surface flinger.
-TEST(VrFlingerTest, ActivateDeactivate) {
-  android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
-
-  // Exit immediately if the device doesn't support vr flinger. This ConfigStore
-  // check is the same mechanism used by surface flinger to decide if it should
-  // initialize vr flinger.
-  bool vr_flinger_enabled = android::sysprop::use_vr_flinger(false);
-  if (!vr_flinger_enabled) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  auto surface_flinger_connection = SurfaceFlingerConnection::Create();
-  ASSERT_NE(surface_flinger_connection, nullptr);
-
-  // Verify we start off with vr flinger disabled.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(surface_flinger_connection->IsAlive());
-  auto vr_flinger_active = surface_flinger_connection->IsVrFlingerActive();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(vr_flinger_active.has_value());
-  ASSERT_FALSE(vr_flinger_active.value());
-
-  // Create a vr flinger surface, and verify vr flinger becomes active.
-  // Introduce a scope so that, at the end of the scope, the vr flinger surface
-  // is destroyed, and vr flinger deactivates.
-  {
-    auto display_client = DisplayClient::Create();
-    ASSERT_NE(display_client, nullptr);
-    auto metrics = display_client->GetDisplayMetrics();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(metrics.ok());
-
-    auto surface = Surface::CreateSurface({
-        {SurfaceAttribute::Direct, SurfaceAttributeValue(true)},
-        {SurfaceAttribute::Visible, SurfaceAttributeValue(true)},
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(surface.ok());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(surface.get() != nullptr);
-
-    auto queue = surface.get()->CreateQueue(
-        metrics.get().display_width, metrics.get().display_height,
-        /*layer_count=*/1, AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM,
-        AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_SAMPLED_IMAGE |
-            AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_COLOR_OUTPUT |
-            AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN,
-        /*capacity=*/1,
-        /*metadata_size=*/0);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(queue.ok());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(queue.get() != nullptr);
-
-    size_t slot;
-    pdx::LocalHandle release_fence;
-    auto buffer = queue.get()->Dequeue(/*timeout=*/0, &slot, &release_fence);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer.ok());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer.get() != nullptr);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(buffer.get()->width(), metrics.get().display_width);
-    ASSERT_EQ(buffer.get()->height(), metrics.get().display_height);
-
-    void* raw_buf = nullptr;
-    ASSERT_GE(buffer.get()->buffer()->Lock(
-                  AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN, /*x=*/0, /*y=*/0,
-                  buffer.get()->width(), buffer.get()->height(), &raw_buf),
-              0);
-    ASSERT_NE(raw_buf, nullptr);
-    uint32_t* pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(raw_buf);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < buffer.get()->stride() * buffer.get()->height(); ++i) {
-      pixels[i] = 0x0000ff00;
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_GE(buffer.get()->buffer()->Unlock(), 0);
-
-    ASSERT_GE(buffer.get()->Post(/*ready_fence=*/pdx::LocalHandle()), 0);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(
-        surface_flinger_connection->WaitForVrFlinger(/*wait_active=*/true),
-        SurfaceFlingerConnection::VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSuccess);
-  }
-
-  // Now that the vr flinger surface is destroyed, vr flinger should deactivate.
-  ASSERT_EQ(
-      surface_flinger_connection->WaitForVrFlinger(/*wait_active=*/false),
-      SurfaceFlingerConnection::VrFlingerSwitchResult::kSuccess);
-}
-
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.filter b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.filter
deleted file mode 100644
index 030bb7b..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/tests/vrflinger_test.filter
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-        "presubmit": {
-            "filter": "BootVrFlingerTest.*"
-        }
-}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/vr_flinger.cpp b/libs/vr/libvrflinger/vr_flinger.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a8a8476..0000000
--- a/libs/vr/libvrflinger/vr_flinger.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-#include <dvr/vr_flinger.h>
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <private/dvr/display_client.h>
-#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
-#include <sys/prctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-
-#include "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h"
-#include "display_manager_service.h"
-#include "display_service.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace dvr {
-
-std::unique_ptr<VrFlinger> VrFlinger::Create(
-    Hwc2::Composer* hidl, hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-    RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback) {
-  std::unique_ptr<VrFlinger> vr_flinger(new VrFlinger);
-  if (vr_flinger->Init(hidl, primary_display_id, request_display_callback))
-    return vr_flinger;
-  else
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-VrFlinger::VrFlinger() {}
-
-VrFlinger::~VrFlinger() {
-  if (persistent_vr_state_callback_.get()) {
-    sp<IVrManager> vr_manager = interface_cast<IVrManager>(
-        defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16("vrmanager")));
-    if (vr_manager.get()) {
-      vr_manager->unregisterPersistentVrStateListener(
-          persistent_vr_state_callback_);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (dispatcher_)
-    dispatcher_->SetCanceled(true);
-  if (dispatcher_thread_.joinable())
-    dispatcher_thread_.join();
-}
-
-bool VrFlinger::Init(Hwc2::Composer* hidl,
-                     hwc2_display_t primary_display_id,
-                     RequestDisplayCallback request_display_callback) {
-  if (!hidl || !request_display_callback)
-    return false;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<android::pdx::Service> service;
-
-  ALOGI("Starting up VrFlinger...");
-
-  // We need to be able to create endpoints with full perms.
-  umask(0000);
-
-  android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
-
-  request_display_callback_ = request_display_callback;
-
-  dispatcher_ = android::pdx::ServiceDispatcher::Create();
-  CHECK_ERROR(!dispatcher_, error, "Failed to create service dispatcher.");
-
-  display_service_ = android::dvr::DisplayService::Create(
-      hidl, primary_display_id, request_display_callback);
-  CHECK_ERROR(!display_service_, error, "Failed to create display service.");
-  dispatcher_->AddService(display_service_);
-
-  service = android::dvr::DisplayManagerService::Create(display_service_);
-  CHECK_ERROR(!service, error, "Failed to create display manager service.");
-  dispatcher_->AddService(service);
-
-  dispatcher_thread_ = std::thread([this]() {
-    prctl(PR_SET_NAME, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>("VrDispatch"), 0, 0, 0);
-    ALOGI("Entering message loop.");
-
-    setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, android::PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY);
-    set_sched_policy(0, SP_FOREGROUND);
-
-    int ret = dispatcher_->EnterDispatchLoop();
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      ALOGE("Dispatch loop exited because: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
-    }
-  });
-
-  return true;
-
-error:
-  return false;
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::OnBootFinished() {
-  display_service_->OnBootFinished();
-  sp<IVrManager> vr_manager = interface_cast<IVrManager>(
-      defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16("vrmanager")));
-  if (vr_manager.get()) {
-    persistent_vr_state_callback_ =
-        new PersistentVrStateCallback(request_display_callback_);
-    vr_manager->registerPersistentVrStateListener(
-        persistent_vr_state_callback_);
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("Unable to register vr flinger for persistent vr mode changes");
-  }
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::GrantDisplayOwnership() {
-  display_service_->GrantDisplayOwnership();
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::SeizeDisplayOwnership() {
-  display_service_->SeizeDisplayOwnership();
-}
-
-std::string VrFlinger::Dump() {
-  // TODO(karthikrs): Add more state information here.
-  return display_service_->DumpState(0/*unused*/);
-}
-
-void VrFlinger::PersistentVrStateCallback::onPersistentVrStateChanged(
-    bool enabled) {
-  ALOGV("Notified persistent vr mode is %s", enabled ? "on" : "off");
-  // TODO(eieio): Determine the correct signal to request display control.
-  // Persistent VR mode is not enough.
-  // request_display_callback_(enabled);
-}
-}  // namespace dvr
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/automotive/display/AutomotiveDisplayProxyService.cpp b/services/automotive/display/AutomotiveDisplayProxyService.cpp
index d6fc695..d205231 100644
--- a/services/automotive/display/AutomotiveDisplayProxyService.cpp
+++ b/services/automotive/display/AutomotiveDisplayProxyService.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,10 @@
     sp<IBinder> displayToken = nullptr;
     sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl = nullptr;
     if (it == mDisplays.end()) {
-        displayToken = SurfaceComposerClient::getPhysicalDisplayToken(PhysicalDisplayId(id));
+        if (const auto displayId = DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(id)) {
+            displayToken = SurfaceComposerClient::getPhysicalDisplayToken(*displayId);
+        }
+
         if (displayToken == nullptr) {
             ALOGE("Given display id, 0x%lX, is invalid.", (unsigned long)id);
             return nullptr;
@@ -157,7 +160,11 @@
     HwDisplayConfig activeConfig;
     HwDisplayState  activeState;
 
-    auto displayToken = SurfaceComposerClient::getPhysicalDisplayToken(PhysicalDisplayId(id));
+    sp<IBinder> displayToken;
+    if (const auto displayId = DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(id)) {
+        displayToken = SurfaceComposerClient::getPhysicalDisplayToken(*displayId);
+    }
+
     if (displayToken == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("Given display id, 0x%lX, is invalid.", (unsigned long)id);
     } else {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
index 73e5749..8cdb706 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/Android.bp
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
         "libui",
         "lib-platform-compat-native-api",
         "server_configurable_flags",
-        "InputFlingerProperties",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libattestation",
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@
         "InputListener.cpp",
         "InputReaderBase.cpp",
         "InputThread.cpp",
-        "VibrationElement.cpp"
+        "VibrationElement.cpp",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp
index a9cbd5a..19cad7b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@
 }
 
 static bool isTouchEvent(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
-    return args.source == AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD || args.source == AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN;
+    return isFromSource(args.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD) ||
+            isFromSource(args.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN);
 }
 
 // --- ClassifierEvent ---
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@
 
 // --- InputClassifier ---
 
-InputClassifier::InputClassifier(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener)
+InputClassifier::InputClassifier(InputListenerInterface& listener)
       : mListener(listener), mHalDeathRecipient(new HalDeathRecipient(*this)) {}
 
 void InputClassifier::setMotionClassifierEnabled(bool enabled) {
@@ -369,12 +370,12 @@
 
 void InputClassifier::notifyConfigurationChanged(const NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* args) {
     // pass through
-    mListener->notifyConfigurationChanged(args);
+    mListener.notifyConfigurationChanged(args);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifyKey(const NotifyKeyArgs* args) {
     // pass through
-    mListener->notifyKey(args);
+    mListener.notifyKey(args);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifyMotion(const NotifyMotionArgs* args) {
@@ -382,28 +383,28 @@
     // MotionClassifier is only used for touch events, for now
     const bool sendToMotionClassifier = mMotionClassifier && isTouchEvent(*args);
     if (!sendToMotionClassifier) {
-        mListener->notifyMotion(args);
+        mListener.notifyMotion(args);
         return;
     }
 
     NotifyMotionArgs newArgs(*args);
     newArgs.classification = mMotionClassifier->classify(newArgs);
-    mListener->notifyMotion(&newArgs);
+    mListener.notifyMotion(&newArgs);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifySensor(const NotifySensorArgs* args) {
     // pass through
-    mListener->notifySensor(args);
+    mListener.notifySensor(args);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifyVibratorState(const NotifyVibratorStateArgs* args) {
     // pass through
-    mListener->notifyVibratorState(args);
+    mListener.notifyVibratorState(args);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifySwitch(const NotifySwitchArgs* args) {
     // pass through
-    mListener->notifySwitch(args);
+    mListener.notifySwitch(args);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifyDeviceReset(const NotifyDeviceResetArgs* args) {
@@ -412,12 +413,12 @@
         mMotionClassifier->reset(*args);
     }
     // continue to next stage
-    mListener->notifyDeviceReset(args);
+    mListener.notifyDeviceReset(args);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::notifyPointerCaptureChanged(const NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs* args) {
     // pass through
-    mListener->notifyPointerCaptureChanged(args);
+    mListener.notifyPointerCaptureChanged(args);
 }
 
 void InputClassifier::setMotionClassifier(
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h
index 1eef020..deeae7c 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputClassifier.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #define _UI_INPUT_CLASSIFIER_H
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@
  * Base interface for an InputListener stage.
  * Provides classification to events.
  */
-class InputClassifierInterface : public virtual RefBase, public InputListenerInterface {
+class InputClassifierInterface : public InputListenerInterface {
 public:
     virtual void setMotionClassifierEnabled(bool enabled) = 0;
     /**
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@
      * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager).
      */
     virtual void dump(std::string& dump) = 0;
-protected:
+
     InputClassifierInterface() { }
     virtual ~InputClassifierInterface() { }
 };
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@
  */
 class InputClassifier : public InputClassifierInterface {
 public:
-    explicit InputClassifier(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener);
+    explicit InputClassifier(InputListenerInterface& listener);
 
     virtual void notifyConfigurationChanged(const NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* args) override;
     virtual void notifyKey(const NotifyKeyArgs* args) override;
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@
     // Protect access to mMotionClassifier, since it may become null via a hidl callback
     std::mutex mLock;
     // The next stage to pass input events to
-    sp<InputListenerInterface> mListener;
+    InputListenerInterface& mListener;
 
     std::unique_ptr<MotionClassifierInterface> mMotionClassifier GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::thread mInitializeMotionClassifierThread;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp
index 71b0f5f..158d0eb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputListener.cpp
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
     return id == rhs.id && eventTime == rhs.eventTime;
 }
 
-void NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifyConfigurationChanged(this);
+void NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifyConfigurationChanged(this);
 }
 
 // --- NotifyKeyArgs ---
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@
             downTime == rhs.downTime;
 }
 
-void NotifyKeyArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifyKey(this);
+void NotifyKeyArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifyKey(this);
 }
 
 // --- NotifyMotionArgs ---
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void NotifyMotionArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifyMotion(this);
+void NotifyMotionArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifyMotion(this);
 }
 
 // --- NotifySwitchArgs ---
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@
             switchValues == rhs.switchValues && switchMask == rhs.switchMask;
 }
 
-void NotifySwitchArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifySwitch(this);
+void NotifySwitchArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifySwitch(this);
 }
 
 // --- NotifySensorArgs ---
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@
             hwTimestamp == rhs.hwTimestamp && values == rhs.values;
 }
 
-void NotifySensorArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifySensor(this);
+void NotifySensorArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifySensor(this);
 }
 
 // --- NotifyVibratorStateArgs ---
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@
             isOn == rhs.isOn;
 }
 
-void NotifyVibratorStateArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifyVibratorState(this);
+void NotifyVibratorStateArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifyVibratorState(this);
 }
 
 // --- NotifyDeviceResetArgs ---
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@
     return id == rhs.id && eventTime == rhs.eventTime && deviceId == rhs.deviceId;
 }
 
-void NotifyDeviceResetArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifyDeviceReset(this);
+void NotifyDeviceResetArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifyDeviceReset(this);
 }
 
 // --- NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs ---
@@ -299,8 +299,8 @@
     return id == rhs.id && eventTime == rhs.eventTime && request == rhs.request;
 }
 
-void NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs::notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const {
-    listener->notifyPointerCaptureChanged(this);
+void NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs::notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const {
+    listener.notifyPointerCaptureChanged(this);
 }
 
 // --- QueuedInputListener ---
@@ -312,9 +312,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-QueuedInputListener::QueuedInputListener(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& innerListener) :
-        mInnerListener(innerListener) {
-}
+QueuedInputListener::QueuedInputListener(InputListenerInterface& innerListener)
+      : mInnerListener(innerListener) {}
 
 QueuedInputListener::~QueuedInputListener() {
     size_t count = mArgsQueue.size();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
index 7b3658d..221e193 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@
         const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
         const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& dispatcherPolicy) {
     mDispatcher = createInputDispatcher(dispatcherPolicy);
-    mClassifier = new InputClassifier(mDispatcher);
-    mReader = createInputReader(readerPolicy, mClassifier);
+    mClassifier = std::make_unique<InputClassifier>(*mDispatcher);
+    mReader = createInputReader(readerPolicy, *mClassifier);
 }
 
 InputManager::~InputManager() {
@@ -102,16 +102,16 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-sp<InputReaderInterface> InputManager::getReader() {
-    return mReader;
+InputReaderInterface& InputManager::getReader() {
+    return *mReader;
 }
 
-sp<InputClassifierInterface> InputManager::getClassifier() {
-    return mClassifier;
+InputClassifierInterface& InputManager::getClassifier() {
+    return *mClassifier;
 }
 
-sp<InputDispatcherInterface> InputManager::getDispatcher() {
-    return mDispatcher;
+InputDispatcherInterface& InputManager::getDispatcher() {
+    return *mDispatcher;
 }
 
 // Used by tests only.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
index 4c07c22..a6baf2f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 
 #include <android/os/BnInputFlinger.h>
-#include <android/os/IInputFlinger.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
@@ -76,13 +75,13 @@
     virtual status_t stop() = 0;
 
     /* Gets the input reader. */
-    virtual sp<InputReaderInterface> getReader() = 0;
+    virtual InputReaderInterface& getReader() = 0;
 
     /* Gets the input classifier */
-    virtual sp<InputClassifierInterface> getClassifier() = 0;
+    virtual InputClassifierInterface& getClassifier() = 0;
 
     /* Gets the input dispatcher. */
-    virtual sp<InputDispatcherInterface> getDispatcher() = 0;
+    virtual InputDispatcherInterface& getDispatcher() = 0;
 };
 
 class InputManager : public InputManagerInterface, public BnInputFlinger {
@@ -97,9 +96,9 @@
     status_t start() override;
     status_t stop() override;
 
-    sp<InputReaderInterface> getReader() override;
-    sp<InputClassifierInterface> getClassifier() override;
-    sp<InputDispatcherInterface> getDispatcher() override;
+    InputReaderInterface& getReader() override;
+    InputClassifierInterface& getClassifier() override;
+    InputDispatcherInterface& getDispatcher() override;
 
     status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) override;
     binder::Status createInputChannel(const std::string& name, InputChannel* outChannel) override;
@@ -107,11 +106,11 @@
     binder::Status setFocusedWindow(const gui::FocusRequest&) override;
 
 private:
-    sp<InputReaderInterface> mReader;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputReaderInterface> mReader;
 
-    sp<InputClassifierInterface> mClassifier;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputClassifierInterface> mClassifier;
 
-    sp<InputDispatcherInterface> mDispatcher;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcherInterface> mDispatcher;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp
index 05ef489..a864cf8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputReaderBase.cpp
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 #include "InputReaderBase.h"
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
 #include "input/DisplayViewport.h"
 #include "input/Input.h"
 
-#include <android/log.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android/log.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 
 #define INDENT "  "
 #define INDENT2 "    "
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
     }
     if (count > 1) {
         ALOGW("Found %zu viewports with type %s, but expected 1 at most", count,
-              NamedEnum::string(type).c_str());
+              ftl::enum_string(type).c_str());
     }
     return result;
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp b/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
index 6ce0313..41e9ce2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <gui/constants.h>
 #include "../dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h"
 
+using android::base::Result;
 using android::gui::WindowInfo;
 using android::gui::WindowInfoHandle;
 using android::os::IInputConstants;
@@ -162,15 +163,15 @@
     }
 
 protected:
-    explicit FakeInputReceiver(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const std::string name)
-          : mDispatcher(dispatcher) {
-        mClientChannel = *mDispatcher->createInputChannel(name);
+    explicit FakeInputReceiver(InputDispatcher& dispatcher, const std::string name) {
+        Result<std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>> channelResult = dispatcher.createInputChannel(name);
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!channelResult.ok());
+        mClientChannel = std::move(*channelResult);
         mConsumer = std::make_unique<InputConsumer>(mClientChannel);
     }
 
     virtual ~FakeInputReceiver() {}
 
-    sp<InputDispatcher> mDispatcher;
     std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> mClientChannel;
     std::unique_ptr<InputConsumer> mConsumer;
     PreallocatedInputEventFactory mEventFactory;
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@
     static const int32_t HEIGHT = 200;
 
     FakeWindowHandle(const std::shared_ptr<InputApplicationHandle>& inputApplicationHandle,
-                     const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const std::string name)
+                     InputDispatcher& dispatcher, const std::string name)
           : FakeInputReceiver(dispatcher, name), mFrame(Rect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT)) {
         inputApplicationHandle->updateInfo();
         updateInfo();
@@ -236,8 +237,8 @@
                      /* edgeFlags */ 0, AMETA_NONE, /* buttonState */ 0, MotionClassification::NONE,
                      identityTransform, /* xPrecision */ 0,
                      /* yPrecision */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, currentTime, currentTime,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, currentTime,
+                     currentTime,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     return event;
 }
@@ -272,13 +273,13 @@
 static void benchmarkNotifyMotion(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
     sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = new FakeInputDispatcherPolicy();
-    sp<InputDispatcher> dispatcher = new InputDispatcher(fakePolicy);
+    std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher> dispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher->start();
 
     // Create a window that will receive motion events
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
-    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = new FakeWindowHandle(application, dispatcher, "Fake Window");
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = new FakeWindowHandle(application, *dispatcher, "Fake Window");
 
     dispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
 
@@ -306,13 +307,13 @@
 static void benchmarkInjectMotion(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
     sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = new FakeInputDispatcherPolicy();
-    sp<InputDispatcher> dispatcher = new InputDispatcher(fakePolicy);
+    std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher> dispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher->start();
 
     // Create a window that will receive motion events
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
-    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = new FakeWindowHandle(application, dispatcher, "Fake Window");
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = new FakeWindowHandle(application, *dispatcher, "Fake Window");
 
     dispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
index 171f2b5..4757d31 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@
         "libutils",
         "lib-platform-compat-native-api",
         "server_configurable_flags",
-        "InputFlingerProperties",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libattestation",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
index cee9c39..b4497fd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 Connection::Connection(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& inputChannel, bool monitor,
                        const IdGenerator& idGenerator)
-      : status(STATUS_NORMAL),
+      : status(Status::NORMAL),
         inputChannel(inputChannel),
         monitor(monitor),
         inputPublisher(inputChannel),
@@ -40,19 +40,6 @@
     return "?";
 }
 
-const char* Connection::getStatusLabel() const {
-    switch (status) {
-        case STATUS_NORMAL:
-            return "NORMAL";
-        case STATUS_BROKEN:
-            return "BROKEN";
-        case STATUS_ZOMBIE:
-            return "ZOMBIE";
-        default:
-            return "UNKNOWN";
-    }
-}
-
 std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator Connection::findWaitQueueEntry(uint32_t seq) {
     for (std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator it = waitQueue.begin(); it != waitQueue.end(); it++) {
         if ((*it)->seq == seq) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
index c4262ad..dc6a081 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "InputState.h"
 
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <deque>
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
@@ -32,13 +33,16 @@
     virtual ~Connection();
 
 public:
-    enum Status {
+    enum class Status {
         // Everything is peachy.
-        STATUS_NORMAL,
+        NORMAL,
         // An unrecoverable communication error has occurred.
-        STATUS_BROKEN,
+        BROKEN,
         // The input channel has been unregistered.
-        STATUS_ZOMBIE
+        ZOMBIE,
+
+        ftl_first = NORMAL,
+        ftl_last = ZOMBIE,
     };
 
     Status status;
@@ -65,7 +69,6 @@
     inline const std::string getInputChannelName() const { return inputChannel->getName(); }
 
     const std::string getWindowName() const;
-    const char* getStatusLabel() const;
 
     std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator findWaitQueueEntry(uint32_t seq);
 };
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/DragState.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/DragState.h
index b3c5709..4636820 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/DragState.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/DragState.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #define _UI_INPUT_INPUTDISPATCHER_DRAGSTATE_H
 
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 #include <string>
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index 82b4fe4..f6bb6a6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -40,14 +40,15 @@
             entry.repeatCount};
 }
 
-VerifiedMotionEvent verifiedMotionEventFromMotionEntry(const MotionEntry& entry) {
-    const float rawX = entry.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X);
-    const float rawY = entry.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y);
+VerifiedMotionEvent verifiedMotionEventFromMotionEntry(const MotionEntry& entry,
+                                                       const ui::Transform& rawTransform) {
+    const vec2 rawXY = MotionEvent::calculateTransformedXY(entry.source, rawTransform,
+                                                           entry.pointerCoords[0].getXYValue());
     const int actionMasked = entry.action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
     return {{VerifiedInputEvent::Type::MOTION, entry.deviceId, entry.eventTime, entry.source,
              entry.displayId},
-            rawX,
-            rawY,
+            rawXY.x,
+            rawXY.y,
             actionMasked,
             entry.downTime,
             entry.flags & VERIFIED_MOTION_EVENT_FLAGS,
@@ -174,12 +175,13 @@
     if (!GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false)) {
         return "KeyEvent";
     }
-    return StringPrintf("KeyEvent(deviceId=%d, eventTime=%" PRIu64
-                        ", source=0x%08x, displayId=%" PRId32 ", action=%s, "
-                        "flags=0x%08x, keyCode=%d, scanCode=%d, metaState=0x%08x, "
+    return StringPrintf("KeyEvent(deviceId=%d, eventTime=%" PRIu64 ", source=%s, displayId=%" PRId32
+                        ", action=%s, "
+                        "flags=0x%08x, keyCode=%s(%d), scanCode=%d, metaState=0x%08x, "
                         "repeatCount=%d), policyFlags=0x%08x",
-                        deviceId, eventTime, source, displayId, KeyEvent::actionToString(action),
-                        flags, keyCode, scanCode, metaState, repeatCount, policyFlags);
+                        deviceId, eventTime, inputEventSourceToString(source).c_str(), displayId,
+                        KeyEvent::actionToString(action), flags, KeyEvent::getLabel(keyCode),
+                        keyCode, scanCode, metaState, repeatCount, policyFlags);
 }
 
 void KeyEntry::recycle() {
@@ -191,6 +193,18 @@
     interceptKeyWakeupTime = 0;
 }
 
+// --- TouchModeEntry ---
+
+TouchModeEntry::TouchModeEntry(int32_t id, nsecs_t eventTime, bool inTouchMode)
+      : EventEntry(id, Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED, eventTime, POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER),
+        inTouchMode(inTouchMode) {}
+
+TouchModeEntry::~TouchModeEntry() {}
+
+std::string TouchModeEntry::getDescription() const {
+    return StringPrintf("TouchModeEvent(inTouchMode=%s)", inTouchMode ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
 // --- MotionEntry ---
 
 MotionEntry::MotionEntry(int32_t id, nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t deviceId, uint32_t source,
@@ -235,12 +249,12 @@
     }
     std::string msg;
     msg += StringPrintf("MotionEvent(deviceId=%d, eventTime=%" PRIu64
-                        ", source=0x%08x, displayId=%" PRId32
+                        ", source=%s, displayId=%" PRId32
                         ", action=%s, actionButton=0x%08x, flags=0x%08x, metaState=0x%08x, "
                         "buttonState=0x%08x, "
                         "classification=%s, edgeFlags=0x%08x, xPrecision=%.1f, yPrecision=%.1f, "
                         "xCursorPosition=%0.1f, yCursorPosition=%0.1f, pointers=[",
-                        deviceId, eventTime, source, displayId,
+                        deviceId, eventTime, inputEventSourceToString(source).c_str(), displayId,
                         MotionEvent::actionToString(action).c_str(), actionButton, flags, metaState,
                         buttonState, motionClassificationToString(classification), edgeFlags,
                         xPrecision, yPrecision, xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition);
@@ -275,9 +289,10 @@
 
 std::string SensorEntry::getDescription() const {
     std::string msg;
-    msg += StringPrintf("SensorEntry(deviceId=%d, source=0x%08x, sensorType=0x%08x, "
+    msg += StringPrintf("SensorEntry(deviceId=%d, source=%s, sensorType=%s, "
                         "accuracy=0x%08x, hwTimestamp=%" PRId64,
-                        deviceId, source, sensorType, accuracy, hwTimestamp);
+                        deviceId, inputEventSourceToString(source).c_str(),
+                        ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str(), accuracy, hwTimestamp);
 
     if (!GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false)) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
@@ -296,15 +311,14 @@
 volatile int32_t DispatchEntry::sNextSeqAtomic;
 
 DispatchEntry::DispatchEntry(std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry, int32_t targetFlags,
-                             ui::Transform transform, float globalScaleFactor,
-                             uint32_t displayOrientation, int2 displaySize)
+                             const ui::Transform& transform, const ui::Transform& rawTransform,
+                             float globalScaleFactor)
       : seq(nextSeq()),
         eventEntry(std::move(eventEntry)),
         targetFlags(targetFlags),
         transform(transform),
+        rawTransform(rawTransform),
         globalScaleFactor(globalScaleFactor),
-        displayOrientation(displayOrientation),
-        displaySize(displaySize),
         deliveryTime(0),
         resolvedAction(0),
         resolvedFlags(0) {}
@@ -318,16 +332,4 @@
     return seq;
 }
 
-// --- CommandEntry ---
-
-CommandEntry::CommandEntry(Command command)
-      : command(command),
-        eventTime(0),
-        keyEntry(nullptr),
-        userActivityEventType(0),
-        seq(0),
-        handled(false) {}
-
-CommandEntry::~CommandEntry() {}
-
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index ffe3bb6..477781a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
         SENSOR,
         POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED,
         DRAG,
+        TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED,
+
+        ftl_last = TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED
     };
 
     int32_t id;
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@
                 float xOffset, float yOffset);
     std::string getDescription() const override;
 
-    virtual ~MotionEntry();
+    ~MotionEntry() override;
 };
 
 struct SensorEntry : EventEntry {
@@ -207,6 +210,15 @@
     ~SensorEntry() override;
 };
 
+struct TouchModeEntry : EventEntry {
+    bool inTouchMode;
+
+    TouchModeEntry(int32_t id, nsecs_t eventTime, bool inTouchMode);
+    std::string getDescription() const override;
+
+    ~TouchModeEntry() override;
+};
+
 // Tracks the progress of dispatching a particular event to a particular connection.
 struct DispatchEntry {
     const uint32_t seq; // unique sequence number, never 0
@@ -214,9 +226,8 @@
     std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry; // the event to dispatch
     int32_t targetFlags;
     ui::Transform transform;
+    ui::Transform rawTransform;
     float globalScaleFactor;
-    uint32_t displayOrientation;
-    int2 displaySize;
     // Both deliveryTime and timeoutTime are only populated when the entry is sent to the app,
     // and will be undefined before that.
     nsecs_t deliveryTime; // time when the event was actually delivered
@@ -229,8 +240,8 @@
     int32_t resolvedFlags;
 
     DispatchEntry(std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry, int32_t targetFlags,
-                  ui::Transform transform, float globalScaleFactor, uint32_t displayOrientation,
-                  int2 displaySize);
+                  const ui::Transform& transform, const ui::Transform& rawTransform,
+                  float globalScaleFactor);
 
     inline bool hasForegroundTarget() const { return targetFlags & InputTarget::FLAG_FOREGROUND; }
 
@@ -243,56 +254,8 @@
 };
 
 VerifiedKeyEvent verifiedKeyEventFromKeyEntry(const KeyEntry& entry);
-VerifiedMotionEvent verifiedMotionEventFromMotionEntry(const MotionEntry& entry);
-
-class InputDispatcher;
-// A command entry captures state and behavior for an action to be performed in the
-// dispatch loop after the initial processing has taken place.  It is essentially
-// a kind of continuation used to postpone sensitive policy interactions to a point
-// in the dispatch loop where it is safe to release the lock (generally after finishing
-// the critical parts of the dispatch cycle).
-//
-// The special thing about commands is that they can voluntarily release and reacquire
-// the dispatcher lock at will.  Initially when the command starts running, the
-// dispatcher lock is held.  However, if the command needs to call into the policy to
-// do some work, it can release the lock, do the work, then reacquire the lock again
-// before returning.
-//
-// This mechanism is a bit clunky but it helps to preserve the invariant that the dispatch
-// never calls into the policy while holding its lock.
-//
-// Commands are implicitly 'LockedInterruptible'.
-struct CommandEntry;
-typedef std::function<void(InputDispatcher&, CommandEntry*)> Command;
-
-class Connection;
-struct CommandEntry {
-    explicit CommandEntry(Command command);
-    ~CommandEntry();
-
-    Command command;
-
-    // parameters for the command (usage varies by command)
-    sp<Connection> connection;
-    nsecs_t eventTime;
-    std::shared_ptr<KeyEntry> keyEntry;
-    std::shared_ptr<SensorEntry> sensorEntry;
-    std::shared_ptr<InputApplicationHandle> inputApplicationHandle;
-    std::string reason;
-    int32_t userActivityEventType;
-    uint32_t seq;
-    bool handled;
-    sp<IBinder> connectionToken;
-    sp<IBinder> oldToken;
-    sp<IBinder> newToken;
-    std::string obscuringPackage;
-    PointerCaptureRequest pointerCaptureRequest;
-    int32_t pid;
-    nsecs_t consumeTime; // time when the event was consumed by InputConsumer
-    int32_t displayId;
-    float x;
-    float y;
-};
+VerifiedMotionEvent verifiedMotionEventFromMotionEntry(const MotionEntry& entry,
+                                                       const ui::Transform& rawTransform);
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/EventLogTags.logtags b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/EventLogTags.logtags
index 2836467..2c5fe21 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/EventLogTags.logtags
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/EventLogTags.logtags
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 62000 input_interaction (windows|4)
 62001 input_focus (window|3),(reason|3)
+62003 input_cancel (window|3),(reason|3)
 
 # NOTE - the range 1000000-2000000 is reserved for partners and others who
 # want to define their own log tags without conflicting with the core platform.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.cpp
index 4a75773..600f02b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <binder/Binder.h>
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
         if (result == Focusability::OK) {
             return std::nullopt;
         }
-        removeFocusReason = NamedEnum::string(result);
+        removeFocusReason = ftl::enum_string(result);
     }
 
     // We don't have a focused window or the currently focused window is no longer focusable. Check
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
         if (result == Focusability::OK) {
             return updateFocusedWindow(displayId,
                                        "Window became focusable. Previous reason: " +
-                                               NamedEnum::string(previousResult),
+                                               ftl::enum_string(previousResult),
                                        requestedFocus, request->windowName);
         }
     }
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
                                        request.token, request.windowName);
         }
         ALOGW("setFocusedWindow %s on display %" PRId32 " ignored, reason: %s",
-              request.windowName.c_str(), displayId, NamedEnum::string(result).c_str());
+              request.windowName.c_str(), displayId, ftl::enum_string(result).c_str());
         return std::nullopt;
     }
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
     // The requested window is not currently focusable. Wait for the window to become focusable
     // but remove focus from the current window so that input events can go into a pending queue
     // and be sent to the window when it becomes focused.
-    return updateFocusedWindow(displayId, "Waiting for window because " + NamedEnum::string(result),
+    return updateFocusedWindow(displayId, "Waiting for window because " + ftl::enum_string(result),
                                nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
     for (const auto& [displayId, request] : mFocusRequestByDisplay) {
         auto it = mLastFocusResultByDisplay.find(displayId);
         std::string result =
-                it != mLastFocusResultByDisplay.end() ? NamedEnum::string(it->second) : "";
+                it != mLastFocusResultByDisplay.end() ? ftl::enum_string(it->second) : "";
         dump += base::StringPrintf(INDENT2 "displayId=%" PRId32 ", name='%s' result='%s'\n",
                                    displayId, request.windowName.c_str(), result.c_str());
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.h
index 1d6cd9a..6d11a77 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/FocusResolver.h
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@
         NO_WINDOW,
         NOT_FOCUSABLE,
         NOT_VISIBLE,
+
+        ftl_last = NOT_VISIBLE
     };
 
     // Checks if the window token can be focused on a display. The token can be focused if there is
@@ -113,4 +115,4 @@
     std::optional<android::gui::FocusRequest> getFocusRequest(int32_t displayId);
 };
 
-} // namespace android::inputdispatcher
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index d53495f..c9397c3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -19,35 +19,6 @@
 
 #define LOG_NDEBUG 1
 
-// Log detailed debug messages about each inbound event notification to the dispatcher.
-#define DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS 0
-
-// Log detailed debug messages about each outbound event processed by the dispatcher.
-#define DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS 0
-
-// Log debug messages about the dispatch cycle.
-#define DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE 0
-
-// Log debug messages about channel creation
-#define DEBUG_CHANNEL_CREATION 0
-
-// Log debug messages about input event injection.
-#define DEBUG_INJECTION 0
-
-// Log debug messages about input focus tracking.
-static constexpr bool DEBUG_FOCUS = false;
-
-// Log debug messages about touch occlusion
-// STOPSHIP(b/169067926): Set to false
-static constexpr bool DEBUG_TOUCH_OCCLUSION = true;
-
-// Log debug messages about the app switch latency optimization.
-#define DEBUG_APP_SWITCH 0
-
-// Log debug messages about hover events.
-#define DEBUG_HOVER 0
-
-#include <InputFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -55,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <binder/Binder.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <com/android/internal/compat/IPlatformCompatNative.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <input/InputDevice.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
@@ -82,6 +54,7 @@
 using android::base::HwTimeoutMultiplier;
 using android::base::Result;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::gui::DisplayInfo;
 using android::gui::FocusRequest;
 using android::gui::TouchOcclusionMode;
 using android::gui::WindowInfo;
@@ -94,14 +67,49 @@
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
 
-// When per-window-input-rotation is enabled, InputFlinger works in the un-rotated display
-// coordinates and SurfaceFlinger includes the display rotation in the input window transforms.
-static bool isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled() {
-    static const bool PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION =
-            sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation().value_or(false);
+namespace {
 
-    return PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION;
-}
+// Log detailed debug messages about each inbound event notification to the dispatcher.
+constexpr bool DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS = false;
+
+// Log detailed debug messages about each outbound event processed by the dispatcher.
+constexpr bool DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS = false;
+
+// Log debug messages about the dispatch cycle.
+constexpr bool DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE = false;
+
+// Log debug messages about channel creation
+constexpr bool DEBUG_CHANNEL_CREATION = false;
+
+// Log debug messages about input event injection.
+constexpr bool DEBUG_INJECTION = false;
+
+// Log debug messages about input focus tracking.
+constexpr bool DEBUG_FOCUS = false;
+
+// Log debug messages about touch mode event
+constexpr bool DEBUG_TOUCH_MODE = false;
+
+// Log debug messages about touch occlusion
+// STOPSHIP(b/169067926): Set to false
+constexpr bool DEBUG_TOUCH_OCCLUSION = true;
+
+// Log debug messages about the app switch latency optimization.
+constexpr bool DEBUG_APP_SWITCH = false;
+
+// Log debug messages about hover events.
+constexpr bool DEBUG_HOVER = false;
+
+// Temporarily releases a held mutex for the lifetime of the instance.
+// Named to match std::scoped_lock
+class scoped_unlock {
+public:
+    explicit scoped_unlock(std::mutex& mutex) : mMutex(mutex) { mMutex.unlock(); }
+    ~scoped_unlock() { mMutex.lock(); }
+
+private:
+    std::mutex& mMutex;
+};
 
 // Default input dispatching timeout if there is no focused application or paused window
 // from which to determine an appropriate dispatching timeout.
@@ -135,28 +143,29 @@
 // Event log tags. See EventLogTags.logtags for reference
 constexpr int LOGTAG_INPUT_INTERACTION = 62000;
 constexpr int LOGTAG_INPUT_FOCUS = 62001;
+constexpr int LOGTAG_INPUT_CANCEL = 62003;
 
-static inline nsecs_t now() {
+inline nsecs_t now() {
     return systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
 }
 
-static inline const char* toString(bool value) {
+inline const char* toString(bool value) {
     return value ? "true" : "false";
 }
 
-static inline const std::string toString(sp<IBinder> binder) {
+inline const std::string toString(const sp<IBinder>& binder) {
     if (binder == nullptr) {
         return "<null>";
     }
     return StringPrintf("%p", binder.get());
 }
 
-static inline int32_t getMotionEventActionPointerIndex(int32_t action) {
+inline int32_t getMotionEventActionPointerIndex(int32_t action) {
     return (action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_MASK) >>
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT;
 }
 
-static bool isValidKeyAction(int32_t action) {
+bool isValidKeyAction(int32_t action) {
     switch (action) {
         case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
         case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
@@ -166,7 +175,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static bool validateKeyEvent(int32_t action) {
+bool validateKeyEvent(int32_t action) {
     if (!isValidKeyAction(action)) {
         ALOGE("Key event has invalid action code 0x%x", action);
         return false;
@@ -174,7 +183,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool isValidMotionAction(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t pointerCount) {
+bool isValidMotionAction(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t pointerCount) {
     switch (action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK) {
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
@@ -199,12 +208,12 @@
     }
 }
 
-static int64_t millis(std::chrono::nanoseconds t) {
+int64_t millis(std::chrono::nanoseconds t) {
     return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(t).count();
 }
 
-static bool validateMotionEvent(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, size_t pointerCount,
-                                const PointerProperties* pointerProperties) {
+bool validateMotionEvent(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, size_t pointerCount,
+                         const PointerProperties* pointerProperties) {
     if (!isValidMotionAction(action, actionButton, pointerCount)) {
         ALOGE("Motion event has invalid action code 0x%x", action);
         return false;
@@ -231,7 +240,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static std::string dumpRegion(const Region& region) {
+std::string dumpRegion(const Region& region) {
     if (region.isEmpty()) {
         return "<empty>";
     }
@@ -252,7 +261,7 @@
     return dump;
 }
 
-static std::string dumpQueue(const std::deque<DispatchEntry*>& queue, nsecs_t currentTime) {
+std::string dumpQueue(const std::deque<DispatchEntry*>& queue, nsecs_t currentTime) {
     constexpr size_t maxEntries = 50; // max events to print
     constexpr size_t skipBegin = maxEntries / 2;
     const size_t skipEnd = queue.size() - maxEntries / 2;
@@ -291,12 +300,12 @@
  * Also useful when the entries are sp<>. If an entry is not found, nullptr is returned.
  */
 template <typename K, typename V>
-static V getValueByKey(const std::unordered_map<K, V>& map, K key) {
+V getValueByKey(const std::unordered_map<K, V>& map, K key) {
     auto it = map.find(key);
     return it != map.end() ? it->second : V{};
 }
 
-static bool haveSameToken(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& first, const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& second) {
+bool haveSameToken(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& first, const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& second) {
     if (first == second) {
         return true;
     }
@@ -308,7 +317,7 @@
     return first->getToken() == second->getToken();
 }
 
-static bool haveSameApplicationToken(const WindowInfo* first, const WindowInfo* second) {
+bool haveSameApplicationToken(const WindowInfo* first, const WindowInfo* second) {
     if (first == nullptr || second == nullptr) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -316,33 +325,18 @@
             first->applicationInfo.token == second->applicationInfo.token;
 }
 
-static bool isStaleEvent(nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry) {
+bool isStaleEvent(nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry) {
     return currentTime - entry.eventTime >= STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT;
 }
 
-static std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> createDispatchEntry(const InputTarget& inputTarget,
-                                                          std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry,
-                                                          int32_t inputTargetFlags) {
-    if (eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
-        const MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(*eventEntry);
-        if ((motionEntry.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_JOYSTICK) ||
-            (motionEntry.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POSITION)) {
-            const ui::Transform identityTransform;
-            // Use identity transform for joystick and position-based (touchpad) events because they
-            // don't depend on the window transform.
-            return std::make_unique<DispatchEntry>(eventEntry, inputTargetFlags, identityTransform,
-                                                   1.0f /*globalScaleFactor*/,
-                                                   inputTarget.displayOrientation,
-                                                   inputTarget.displaySize);
-        }
-    }
-
+std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> createDispatchEntry(const InputTarget& inputTarget,
+                                                   std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry,
+                                                   int32_t inputTargetFlags) {
     if (inputTarget.useDefaultPointerTransform()) {
         const ui::Transform& transform = inputTarget.getDefaultPointerTransform();
         return std::make_unique<DispatchEntry>(eventEntry, inputTargetFlags, transform,
-                                               inputTarget.globalScaleFactor,
-                                               inputTarget.displayOrientation,
-                                               inputTarget.displaySize);
+                                               inputTarget.displayTransform,
+                                               inputTarget.globalScaleFactor);
     }
 
     ALOG_ASSERT(eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION);
@@ -393,27 +387,13 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<DispatchEntry> dispatchEntry =
             std::make_unique<DispatchEntry>(std::move(combinedMotionEntry), inputTargetFlags,
-                                            firstPointerTransform, inputTarget.globalScaleFactor,
-                                            inputTarget.displayOrientation,
-                                            inputTarget.displaySize);
+                                            firstPointerTransform, inputTarget.displayTransform,
+                                            inputTarget.globalScaleFactor);
     return dispatchEntry;
 }
 
-static void addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors,
-                               std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& outTouchedMonitors, float xOffset = 0,
-                               float yOffset = 0) {
-    if (monitors.empty()) {
-        return;
-    }
-    outTouchedMonitors.reserve(monitors.size() + outTouchedMonitors.size());
-    for (const Monitor& monitor : monitors) {
-        outTouchedMonitors.emplace_back(monitor, xOffset, yOffset);
-    }
-}
-
-static status_t openInputChannelPair(const std::string& name,
-                                     std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& serverChannel,
-                                     std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>& clientChannel) {
+status_t openInputChannelPair(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& serverChannel,
+                              std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>& clientChannel) {
     std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> uniqueServerChannel;
     status_t result = InputChannel::openInputChannelPair(name, uniqueServerChannel, clientChannel);
 
@@ -422,7 +402,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-static bool sharedPointersEqual(const std::shared_ptr<T>& lhs, const std::shared_ptr<T>& rhs) {
+bool sharedPointersEqual(const std::shared_ptr<T>& lhs, const std::shared_ptr<T>& rhs) {
     if (lhs == nullptr && rhs == nullptr) {
         return true;
     }
@@ -432,7 +412,7 @@
     return *lhs == *rhs;
 }
 
-static sp<IPlatformCompatNative> getCompatService() {
+sp<IPlatformCompatNative> getCompatService() {
     sp<IBinder> service(defaultServiceManager()->getService(String16("platform_compat_native")));
     if (service == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("Failed to link to compat service");
@@ -441,7 +421,7 @@
     return interface_cast<IPlatformCompatNative>(service);
 }
 
-static KeyEvent createKeyEvent(const KeyEntry& entry) {
+KeyEvent createKeyEvent(const KeyEntry& entry) {
     KeyEvent event;
     event.initialize(entry.id, entry.deviceId, entry.source, entry.displayId, INVALID_HMAC,
                      entry.action, entry.flags, entry.keyCode, entry.scanCode, entry.metaState,
@@ -449,7 +429,7 @@
     return event;
 }
 
-static std::optional<int32_t> findMonitorPidByToken(
+std::optional<int32_t> findMonitorPidByToken(
         const std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::vector<Monitor>>& monitorsByDisplay,
         const sp<IBinder>& token) {
     for (const auto& it : monitorsByDisplay) {
@@ -463,7 +443,7 @@
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-static bool shouldReportMetricsForConnection(const Connection& connection) {
+bool shouldReportMetricsForConnection(const Connection& connection) {
     // Do not keep track of gesture monitors. They receive every event and would disproportionately
     // affect the statistics.
     if (connection.monitor) {
@@ -476,8 +456,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool shouldReportFinishedEvent(const DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry,
-                                      const Connection& connection) {
+bool shouldReportFinishedEvent(const DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry, const Connection& connection) {
     const EventEntry& eventEntry = *dispatchEntry.eventEntry;
     const int32_t& inputEventId = eventEntry.id;
     if (inputEventId != dispatchEntry.resolvedEventId) {
@@ -513,6 +492,45 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Connection is responsive if it has no events in the waitQueue that are older than the
+ * current time.
+ */
+bool isConnectionResponsive(const Connection& connection) {
+    const nsecs_t currentTime = now();
+    for (const DispatchEntry* entry : connection.waitQueue) {
+        if (entry->timeoutTime < currentTime) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+vec2 transformWithoutTranslation(const ui::Transform& transform, float x, float y) {
+    const vec2 transformedXy = transform.transform(x, y);
+    const vec2 transformedOrigin = transform.transform(0, 0);
+    return transformedXy - transformedOrigin;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the event type passed as argument represents a user activity.
+bool isUserActivityEvent(const EventEntry& eventEntry) {
+    switch (eventEntry.type) {
+        case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
+        case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
+        case EventEntry::Type::DRAG:
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
+        case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR:
+        case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
+            return false;
+        case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
+        case EventEntry::Type::KEY:
+        case EventEntry::Type::MOTION:
+            return true;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
 
 InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy)
@@ -529,7 +547,7 @@
         // mInTouchMode will be initialized by the WindowManager to the default device config.
         // To avoid leaking stack in case that call never comes, and for tests,
         // initialize it here anyways.
-        mInTouchMode(true),
+        mInTouchMode(kDefaultInTouchMode),
         mMaximumObscuringOpacityForTouch(1.0f),
         mFocusedDisplayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT),
         mWindowTokenWithPointerCapture(nullptr),
@@ -539,30 +557,29 @@
     mLooper = new Looper(false);
     mReporter = createInputReporter();
 
+    mWindowInfoListener = new DispatcherWindowListener(*this);
+    SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault()->addWindowInfosListener(mWindowInfoListener);
+
     mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry = nullptr;
 
     policy->getDispatcherConfiguration(&mConfig);
 }
 
 InputDispatcher::~InputDispatcher() {
-    { // acquire lock
-        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
 
-        resetKeyRepeatLocked();
-        releasePendingEventLocked();
-        drainInboundQueueLocked();
-    }
+    resetKeyRepeatLocked();
+    releasePendingEventLocked();
+    drainInboundQueueLocked();
+    mCommandQueue.clear();
 
     while (!mConnectionsByToken.empty()) {
         sp<Connection> connection = mConnectionsByToken.begin()->second;
-        removeInputChannel(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+        removeInputChannelLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                 false /* notify */);
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onFirstRef() {
-    SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault()->addWindowInfosListener(this);
-}
-
 status_t InputDispatcher::start() {
     if (mThread) {
         return ALREADY_EXISTS;
@@ -595,7 +612,7 @@
 
         // Run all pending commands if there are any.
         // If any commands were run then force the next poll to wake up immediately.
-        if (runCommandsLockedInterruptible()) {
+        if (runCommandsLockedInterruptable()) {
             nextWakeupTime = LONG_LONG_MIN;
         }
 
@@ -798,6 +815,14 @@
             break;
         }
 
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED: {
+            const auto typedEntry = std::static_pointer_cast<TouchModeEntry>(mPendingEvent);
+            dispatchTouchModeChangeLocked(currentTime, typedEntry);
+            done = true;
+            dropReason = DropReason::NOT_DROPPED; // touch mode events are never dropped
+            break;
+        }
+
         case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED: {
             const auto typedEntry =
                     std::static_pointer_cast<PointerCaptureChangedEntry>(mPendingEvent);
@@ -885,7 +910,7 @@
  */
 bool InputDispatcher::shouldPruneInboundQueueLocked(const MotionEntry& motionEntry) {
     const bool isPointerDownEvent = motionEntry.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN &&
-            (motionEntry.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
+            isFromSource(motionEntry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
 
     // Optimize case where the current application is unresponsive and the user
     // decides to touch a window in a different application.
@@ -910,11 +935,9 @@
         }
 
         // Alternatively, maybe there's a gesture monitor that could handle this event
-        std::vector<TouchedMonitor> gestureMonitors =
-                findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(displayId, {});
-        for (TouchedMonitor& gestureMonitor : gestureMonitors) {
+        for (const auto& monitor : getValueByKey(mGestureMonitorsByDisplay, displayId)) {
             sp<Connection> connection =
-                    getConnectionLocked(gestureMonitor.monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                    getConnectionLocked(monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
             if (connection != nullptr && connection->responsive) {
                 // This monitor could take more input. Drop all events preceding this
                 // event, so that gesture monitor could get a chance to receive the stream
@@ -956,9 +979,9 @@
                     mAppSwitchSawKeyDown = true;
                 } else if (keyEntry.action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
                     if (mAppSwitchSawKeyDown) {
-#if DEBUG_APP_SWITCH
-                        ALOGD("App switch is pending!");
-#endif
+                        if (DEBUG_APP_SWITCH) {
+                            ALOGD("App switch is pending!");
+                        }
                         mAppSwitchDueTime = keyEntry.eventTime + APP_SWITCH_TIMEOUT;
                         mAppSwitchSawKeyDown = false;
                         needWake = true;
@@ -979,6 +1002,7 @@
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Focus events should be inserted using enqueueFocusEventLocked");
             break;
         }
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
         case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR:
@@ -1005,11 +1029,9 @@
 sp<WindowInfoHandle> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x,
                                                                 int32_t y, TouchState* touchState,
                                                                 bool addOutsideTargets,
-                                                                bool addPortalWindows,
                                                                 bool ignoreDragWindow) {
-    if ((addPortalWindows || addOutsideTargets) && touchState == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(
-                "Must provide a valid touch state if adding portal windows or outside targets");
+    if (addOutsideTargets && touchState == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Must provide a valid touch state if adding outside targets");
     }
     // Traverse windows from front to back to find touched window.
     const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
@@ -1026,16 +1048,6 @@
                     bool isTouchModal = !flags.test(WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_FOCUSABLE) &&
                             !flags.test(WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_TOUCH_MODAL);
                     if (isTouchModal || windowInfo->touchableRegionContainsPoint(x, y)) {
-                        int32_t portalToDisplayId = windowInfo->portalToDisplayId;
-                        if (portalToDisplayId != ADISPLAY_ID_NONE &&
-                            portalToDisplayId != displayId) {
-                            if (addPortalWindows) {
-                                // For the monitoring channels of the display.
-                                touchState->addPortalWindow(windowHandle);
-                            }
-                            return findTouchedWindowAtLocked(portalToDisplayId, x, y, touchState,
-                                                             addOutsideTargets, addPortalWindows);
-                        }
                         // Found window.
                         return windowHandle;
                     }
@@ -1052,28 +1064,13 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-std::vector<TouchedMonitor> InputDispatcher::findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(
-        int32_t displayId, const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& portalWindows) const {
-    std::vector<TouchedMonitor> touchedMonitors;
-
-    std::vector<Monitor> monitors = getValueByKey(mGestureMonitorsByDisplay, displayId);
-    addGestureMonitors(monitors, touchedMonitors);
-    for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& portalWindow : portalWindows) {
-        const WindowInfo* windowInfo = portalWindow->getInfo();
-        monitors = getValueByKey(mGestureMonitorsByDisplay, windowInfo->portalToDisplayId);
-        addGestureMonitors(monitors, touchedMonitors, -windowInfo->frameLeft,
-                           -windowInfo->frameTop);
-    }
-    return touchedMonitors;
-}
-
 void InputDispatcher::dropInboundEventLocked(const EventEntry& entry, DropReason dropReason) {
     const char* reason;
     switch (dropReason) {
         case DropReason::POLICY:
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-            ALOGD("Dropped event because policy consumed it.");
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                ALOGD("Dropped event because policy consumed it.");
+            }
             reason = "inbound event was dropped because the policy consumed it";
             break;
         case DropReason::DISABLED:
@@ -1131,9 +1128,10 @@
             break;
         }
         case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET: {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Should not drop %s events", NamedEnum::string(entry.type).c_str());
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Should not drop %s events", ftl::enum_string(entry.type).c_str());
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -1157,37 +1155,35 @@
 void InputDispatcher::resetPendingAppSwitchLocked(bool handled) {
     mAppSwitchDueTime = LONG_LONG_MAX;
 
-#if DEBUG_APP_SWITCH
-    if (handled) {
-        ALOGD("App switch has arrived.");
-    } else {
-        ALOGD("App switch was abandoned.");
+    if (DEBUG_APP_SWITCH) {
+        if (handled) {
+            ALOGD("App switch has arrived.");
+        } else {
+            ALOGD("App switch was abandoned.");
+        }
     }
-#endif
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::haveCommandsLocked() const {
     return !mCommandQueue.empty();
 }
 
-bool InputDispatcher::runCommandsLockedInterruptible() {
+bool InputDispatcher::runCommandsLockedInterruptable() {
     if (mCommandQueue.empty()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     do {
-        std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::move(mCommandQueue.front());
+        auto command = std::move(mCommandQueue.front());
         mCommandQueue.pop_front();
-        Command command = commandEntry->command;
-        command(*this, commandEntry.get()); // commands are implicitly 'LockedInterruptible'
-
-        commandEntry->connection.clear();
+        // Commands are run with the lock held, but may release and re-acquire the lock from within.
+        command();
     } while (!mCommandQueue.empty());
     return true;
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::postCommandLocked(std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry) {
-    mCommandQueue.push_back(std::move(commandEntry));
+void InputDispatcher::postCommandLocked(Command&& command) {
+    mCommandQueue.push_back(command);
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::drainInboundQueueLocked() {
@@ -1209,9 +1205,9 @@
 void InputDispatcher::releaseInboundEventLocked(std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> entry) {
     InjectionState* injectionState = entry->injectionState;
     if (injectionState && injectionState->injectionResult == InputEventInjectionResult::PENDING) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-        ALOGD("Injected inbound event was dropped.");
-#endif
+        if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+            ALOGD("Injected inbound event was dropped.");
+        }
         setInjectionResult(*entry, InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED);
     }
     if (entry == mNextUnblockedEvent) {
@@ -1246,27 +1242,28 @@
 
 bool InputDispatcher::dispatchConfigurationChangedLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                                          const ConfigurationChangedEntry& entry) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("dispatchConfigurationChanged - eventTime=%" PRId64, entry.eventTime);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("dispatchConfigurationChanged - eventTime=%" PRId64, entry.eventTime);
+    }
 
     // Reset key repeating in case a keyboard device was added or removed or something.
     resetKeyRepeatLocked();
 
     // Enqueue a command to run outside the lock to tell the policy that the configuration changed.
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyConfigurationChangedLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->eventTime = entry.eventTime;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+    auto command = [this, eventTime = entry.eventTime]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyConfigurationChanged(eventTime);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
     return true;
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::dispatchDeviceResetLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                                 const DeviceResetEntry& entry) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("dispatchDeviceReset - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d", entry.eventTime,
-          entry.deviceId);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("dispatchDeviceReset - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d", entry.eventTime,
+              entry.deviceId);
+    }
 
     // Reset key repeating in case a keyboard device was disabled or enabled.
     if (mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry && mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry->deviceId == entry.deviceId) {
@@ -1390,6 +1387,43 @@
     dropReason = DropReason::NOT_DROPPED;
 }
 
+void InputDispatcher::dispatchTouchModeChangeLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                                    const std::shared_ptr<TouchModeEntry>& entry) {
+    const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles =
+            getWindowHandlesLocked(mFocusedDisplayId);
+    if (windowHandles.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const std::vector<InputTarget> inputTargets =
+            getInputTargetsFromWindowHandlesLocked(windowHandles);
+    if (inputTargets.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    entry->dispatchInProgress = true;
+    dispatchEventLocked(currentTime, entry, inputTargets);
+}
+
+std::vector<InputTarget> InputDispatcher::getInputTargetsFromWindowHandlesLocked(
+        const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles) const {
+    std::vector<InputTarget> inputTargets;
+    for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& handle : windowHandles) {
+        // TODO(b/193718270): Due to performance concerns, consider notifying visible windows only.
+        const sp<IBinder>& token = handle->getToken();
+        if (token == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> channel = getInputChannelLocked(token);
+        if (channel == nullptr) {
+            continue; // Window has gone away
+        }
+        InputTarget target;
+        target.inputChannel = channel;
+        target.flags = InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_IS;
+        inputTargets.push_back(target);
+    }
+    return inputTargets;
+}
+
 bool InputDispatcher::dispatchKeyLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, std::shared_ptr<KeyEntry> entry,
                                         DropReason* dropReason, nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime) {
     // Preprocessing.
@@ -1421,9 +1455,9 @@
         } else if (entry->action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP && mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry &&
                    mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry->deviceId != entry->deviceId) {
             // The key on device 'deviceId' is still down, do not stop key repeat
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-            ALOGD("deviceId=%d got KEY_UP as stale", entry->deviceId);
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                ALOGD("deviceId=%d got KEY_UP as stale", entry->deviceId);
+            }
         } else if (!entry->syntheticRepeat) {
             resetKeyRepeatLocked();
         }
@@ -1454,13 +1488,13 @@
     // Give the policy a chance to intercept the key.
     if (entry->interceptKeyResult == KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_UNKNOWN) {
         if (entry->policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER) {
-            std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-                    &InputDispatcher::doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingLockedInterruptible);
             sp<IBinder> focusedWindowToken =
                     mFocusResolver.getFocusedWindowToken(getTargetDisplayId(*entry));
-            commandEntry->connectionToken = focusedWindowToken;
-            commandEntry->keyEntry = entry;
-            postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+
+            auto command = [this, focusedWindowToken, entry]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingCommand(focusedWindowToken, *entry);
+            };
+            postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
             return false; // wait for the command to run
         } else {
             entry->interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_CONTINUE;
@@ -1502,47 +1536,42 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::logOutboundKeyDetails(const char* prefix, const KeyEntry& entry) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32 ", "
-          "policyFlags=0x%x, action=0x%x, flags=0x%x, keyCode=0x%x, scanCode=0x%x, "
-          "metaState=0x%x, repeatCount=%d, downTime=%" PRId64,
-          prefix, entry.eventTime, entry.deviceId, entry.source, entry.displayId, entry.policyFlags,
-          entry.action, entry.flags, entry.keyCode, entry.scanCode, entry.metaState,
-          entry.repeatCount, entry.downTime);
-#endif
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifySensorLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    const std::shared_ptr<SensorEntry>& entry = commandEntry->sensorEntry;
-    if (entry->accuracyChanged) {
-        mPolicy->notifySensorAccuracy(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy);
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32 ", "
+              "policyFlags=0x%x, action=0x%x, flags=0x%x, keyCode=0x%x, scanCode=0x%x, "
+              "metaState=0x%x, repeatCount=%d, downTime=%" PRId64,
+              prefix, entry.eventTime, entry.deviceId, entry.source, entry.displayId,
+              entry.policyFlags, entry.action, entry.flags, entry.keyCode, entry.scanCode,
+              entry.metaState, entry.repeatCount, entry.downTime);
     }
-    mPolicy->notifySensorEvent(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy,
-                               entry->hwTimestamp, entry->values);
-    mLock.lock();
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::dispatchSensorLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, std::shared_ptr<SensorEntry> entry,
+void InputDispatcher::dispatchSensorLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                           const std::shared_ptr<SensorEntry>& entry,
                                            DropReason* dropReason, nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifySensorEvent eventTime=%" PRId64 ", hwTimestamp=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, "
-          "source=0x%x, sensorType=%s",
-          entry->eventTime, entry->hwTimestamp, entry->deviceId, entry->source,
-          NamedEnum::string(entry->sensorType).c_str());
-#endif
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry =
-            std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(&InputDispatcher::doNotifySensorLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->sensorEntry = entry;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifySensorEvent eventTime=%" PRId64 ", hwTimestamp=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, "
+              "source=0x%x, sensorType=%s",
+              entry->eventTime, entry->hwTimestamp, entry->deviceId, entry->source,
+              ftl::enum_string(entry->sensorType).c_str());
+    }
+    auto command = [this, entry]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+
+        if (entry->accuracyChanged) {
+            mPolicy->notifySensorAccuracy(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy);
+        }
+        mPolicy->notifySensorEvent(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy,
+                                   entry->hwTimestamp, entry->values);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::flushSensor(int deviceId, InputDeviceSensorType sensorType) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("flushSensor deviceId=%d, sensorType=%s", deviceId,
-          NamedEnum::string(sensorType).c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("flushSensor deviceId=%d, sensorType=%s", deviceId,
+              ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str());
+    }
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
 
@@ -1575,7 +1604,7 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool isPointerEvent = entry->source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER;
+    const bool isPointerEvent = isFromSource(entry->source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
 
     // Identify targets.
     std::vector<InputTarget> inputTargets;
@@ -1613,23 +1642,6 @@
     // Add monitor channels from event's or focused display.
     addGlobalMonitoringTargetsLocked(inputTargets, getTargetDisplayId(*entry));
 
-    if (isPointerEvent) {
-        std::unordered_map<int32_t, TouchState>::iterator it =
-                mTouchStatesByDisplay.find(entry->displayId);
-        if (it != mTouchStatesByDisplay.end()) {
-            const TouchState& state = it->second;
-            if (!state.portalWindows.empty()) {
-                // The event has gone through these portal windows, so we add monitoring targets of
-                // the corresponding displays as well.
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < state.portalWindows.size(); i++) {
-                    const WindowInfo* windowInfo = state.portalWindows[i]->getInfo();
-                    addGlobalMonitoringTargetsLocked(inputTargets, windowInfo->portalToDisplayId,
-                                                     -windowInfo->frameLeft, -windowInfo->frameTop);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     // Dispatch the motion.
     if (conflictingPointerActions) {
         CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
@@ -1670,42 +1682,43 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::logOutboundMotionDetails(const char* prefix, const MotionEntry& entry) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32
-          ", policyFlags=0x%x, "
-          "action=0x%x, actionButton=0x%x, flags=0x%x, "
-          "metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x,"
-          "edgeFlags=0x%x, xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, downTime=%" PRId64,
-          prefix, entry.eventTime, entry.deviceId, entry.source, entry.displayId, entry.policyFlags,
-          entry.action, entry.actionButton, entry.flags, entry.metaState, entry.buttonState,
-          entry.edgeFlags, entry.xPrecision, entry.yPrecision, entry.downTime);
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("%seventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32
+              ", policyFlags=0x%x, "
+              "action=%s, actionButton=0x%x, flags=0x%x, "
+              "metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x,"
+              "edgeFlags=0x%x, xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, downTime=%" PRId64,
+              prefix, entry.eventTime, entry.deviceId, entry.source, entry.displayId,
+              entry.policyFlags, MotionEvent::actionToString(entry.action).c_str(),
+              entry.actionButton, entry.flags, entry.metaState, entry.buttonState, entry.edgeFlags,
+              entry.xPrecision, entry.yPrecision, entry.downTime);
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entry.pointerCount; i++) {
-        ALOGD("  Pointer %d: id=%d, toolType=%d, "
-              "x=%f, y=%f, pressure=%f, size=%f, "
-              "touchMajor=%f, touchMinor=%f, toolMajor=%f, toolMinor=%f, "
-              "orientation=%f",
-              i, entry.pointerProperties[i].id, entry.pointerProperties[i].toolType,
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR),
-              entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION));
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entry.pointerCount; i++) {
+            ALOGD("  Pointer %d: id=%d, toolType=%d, "
+                  "x=%f, y=%f, pressure=%f, size=%f, "
+                  "touchMajor=%f, touchMinor=%f, toolMajor=%f, toolMinor=%f, "
+                  "orientation=%f",
+                  i, entry.pointerProperties[i].id, entry.pointerProperties[i].toolType,
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR),
+                  entry.pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION));
+        }
     }
-#endif
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::dispatchEventLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                           std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> eventEntry,
                                           const std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-    ALOGD("dispatchEventToCurrentInputTargets");
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+        ALOGD("dispatchEventToCurrentInputTargets");
+    }
 
     updateInteractionTokensLocked(*eventEntry, inputTargets);
 
@@ -1736,7 +1749,7 @@
     // pile up.
     ALOGW("Canceling events for %s because it is unresponsive",
           connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str());
-    if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
+    if (connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
         CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS,
                                    "application not responding");
         synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
@@ -1771,13 +1784,14 @@
             displayId = motionEntry.displayId;
             break;
         }
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
         case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
         case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR:
         case EventEntry::Type::DRAG: {
-            ALOGE("%s events do not have a target display", NamedEnum::string(entry.type).c_str());
+            ALOGE("%s events do not have a target display", ftl::enum_string(entry.type).c_str());
             return ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
         }
     }
@@ -1829,7 +1843,7 @@
     if (focusedWindowHandle == nullptr && focusedApplicationHandle == nullptr) {
         ALOGI("Dropping %s event because there is no focused window or focused application in "
               "display %" PRId32 ".",
-              NamedEnum::string(entry.type).c_str(), displayId);
+              ftl::enum_string(entry.type).c_str(), displayId);
         return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
     }
 
@@ -1859,7 +1873,7 @@
         } else if (currentTime > *mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime) {
             // Already raised ANR. Drop the event
             ALOGE("Dropping %s event because there is no focused window",
-                  NamedEnum::string(entry.type).c_str());
+                  ftl::enum_string(entry.type).c_str());
             return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
         } else {
             // Still waiting for the focused window
@@ -1911,16 +1925,16 @@
  * Given a list of monitors, remove the ones we cannot find a connection for, and the ones
  * that are currently unresponsive.
  */
-std::vector<TouchedMonitor> InputDispatcher::selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
-        const std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& monitors) const {
-    std::vector<TouchedMonitor> responsiveMonitors;
+std::vector<Monitor> InputDispatcher::selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
+        const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors) const {
+    std::vector<Monitor> responsiveMonitors;
     std::copy_if(monitors.begin(), monitors.end(), std::back_inserter(responsiveMonitors),
-                 [this](const TouchedMonitor& monitor) REQUIRES(mLock) {
-                     sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(
-                             monitor.monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                 [this](const Monitor& monitor) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                     sp<Connection> connection =
+                             getConnectionLocked(monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
                      if (connection == nullptr) {
                          ALOGE("Could not find connection for monitor %s",
-                               monitor.monitor.inputChannel->getName().c_str());
+                               monitor.inputChannel->getName().c_str());
                          return false;
                      }
                      if (!connection->responsive) {
@@ -1976,7 +1990,7 @@
                           maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT);
     bool newGesture = (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN ||
                        maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL || isHoverAction);
-    const bool isFromMouse = entry.source == AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE;
+    const bool isFromMouse = isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE);
     bool wrongDevice = false;
     if (newGesture) {
         bool down = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
@@ -2021,10 +2035,9 @@
             x = int32_t(entry.pointerCoords[pointerIndex].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X));
             y = int32_t(entry.pointerCoords[pointerIndex].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
         }
-        bool isDown = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
-        newTouchedWindowHandle =
-                findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, &tempTouchState,
-                                          isDown /*addOutsideTargets*/, true /*addPortalWindows*/);
+        const bool isDown = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
+        newTouchedWindowHandle = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, &tempTouchState,
+                                                           isDown /*addOutsideTargets*/);
 
         // Figure out whether splitting will be allowed for this window.
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr &&
@@ -2039,6 +2052,8 @@
 
         // Handle the case where we did not find a window.
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr) {
+            ALOGD("No new touched window at (%" PRId32 ", %" PRId32 ") in display %" PRId32, x, y,
+                  displayId);
             // Try to assign the pointer to the first foreground window we find, if there is one.
             newTouchedWindowHandle = tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
         }
@@ -2071,7 +2086,7 @@
                         ALOGD("%s", log.c_str());
                     }
                 }
-                onUntrustedTouchLocked(occlusionInfo.obscuringPackage);
+                sendUntrustedTouchCommandLocked(occlusionInfo.obscuringPackage);
                 if (mBlockUntrustedTouchesMode == BlockUntrustedTouchesMode::BLOCK) {
                     ALOGW("Dropping untrusted touch event due to %s/%d",
                           occlusionInfo.obscuringPackage.c_str(), occlusionInfo.obscuringUid);
@@ -2085,9 +2100,9 @@
             newTouchedWindowHandle = nullptr;
         }
 
-        const std::vector<TouchedMonitor> newGestureMonitors = isDown
+        const std::vector<Monitor> newGestureMonitors = isDown
                 ? selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
-                          findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(displayId, tempTouchState.portalWindows))
+                          getValueByKey(mGestureMonitorsByDisplay, displayId))
                 : tempTouchState.gestureMonitors;
 
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr && newGestureMonitors.empty()) {
@@ -2207,10 +2222,10 @@
         if (mLastHoverWindowHandle != nullptr &&
             (maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT ||
              mLastHoverWindowHandle != newTouchedWindowHandle)) {
-#if DEBUG_HOVER
-            ALOGD("Sending hover exit event to window %s.",
-                  mLastHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_HOVER) {
+                ALOGD("Sending hover exit event to window %s.",
+                      mLastHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
+            }
             tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(mLastHoverWindowHandle,
                                              InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_EXIT, BitSet32(0));
         }
@@ -2220,10 +2235,10 @@
         if (newHoverWindowHandle != nullptr &&
             (maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
              newHoverWindowHandle != newTouchedWindowHandle)) {
-#if DEBUG_HOVER
-            ALOGD("Sending hover enter event to window %s.",
-                  newHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_HOVER) {
+                ALOGD("Sending hover enter event to window %s.",
+                      newHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
+            }
             tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newHoverWindowHandle,
                                              InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_ENTER,
                                              BitSet32(0));
@@ -2313,9 +2328,8 @@
                               touchedWindow.pointerIds, inputTargets);
     }
 
-    for (const TouchedMonitor& touchedMonitor : tempTouchState.gestureMonitors) {
-        addMonitoringTargetLocked(touchedMonitor.monitor, touchedMonitor.xOffset,
-                                  touchedMonitor.yOffset, inputTargets);
+    for (const auto& monitor : tempTouchState.gestureMonitors) {
+        addMonitoringTargetLocked(monitor, displayId, inputTargets);
     }
 
     // Drop the outside or hover touch windows since we will not care about them
@@ -2413,13 +2427,12 @@
 void InputDispatcher::finishDragAndDrop(int32_t displayId, float x, float y) {
     const sp<WindowInfoHandle> dropWindow =
             findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, nullptr /*touchState*/,
-                                      false /*addOutsideTargets*/, false /*addPortalWindows*/,
-                                      true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
+                                      false /*addOutsideTargets*/, true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
     if (dropWindow) {
         vec2 local = dropWindow->getInfo()->transform.transform(x, y);
-        notifyDropWindowLocked(dropWindow->getToken(), local.x, local.y);
+        sendDropWindowCommandLocked(dropWindow->getToken(), local.x, local.y);
     } else {
-        notifyDropWindowLocked(nullptr, 0, 0);
+        sendDropWindowCommandLocked(nullptr, 0, 0);
     }
     mDragState.reset();
 }
@@ -2448,8 +2461,7 @@
 
         const sp<WindowInfoHandle> hoverWindowHandle =
                 findTouchedWindowAtLocked(entry.displayId, x, y, nullptr /*touchState*/,
-                                          false /*addOutsideTargets*/, false /*addPortalWindows*/,
-                                          true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
+                                          false /*addOutsideTargets*/, true /*ignoreDragWindow*/);
         // enqueue drag exit if needed.
         if (hoverWindowHandle != mDragState->dragHoverWindowHandle &&
             !haveSameToken(hoverWindowHandle, mDragState->dragHoverWindowHandle)) {
@@ -2466,7 +2478,7 @@
     } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
         finishDragAndDrop(entry.displayId, x, y);
     } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
-        notifyDropWindowLocked(nullptr, 0, 0);
+        sendDropWindowCommandLocked(nullptr, 0, 0);
         mDragState.reset();
     }
 }
@@ -2494,9 +2506,12 @@
         inputTarget.inputChannel = inputChannel;
         inputTarget.flags = targetFlags;
         inputTarget.globalScaleFactor = windowInfo->globalScaleFactor;
-        inputTarget.displayOrientation = windowInfo->displayOrientation;
-        inputTarget.displaySize =
-                int2(windowHandle->getInfo()->displayWidth, windowHandle->getInfo()->displayHeight);
+        const auto& displayInfoIt = mDisplayInfos.find(windowInfo->displayId);
+        if (displayInfoIt != mDisplayInfos.end()) {
+            inputTarget.displayTransform = displayInfoIt->second.transform;
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("DisplayInfo not found for window on display: %d", windowInfo->displayId);
+        }
         inputTargets.push_back(inputTarget);
         it = inputTargets.end() - 1;
     }
@@ -2508,27 +2523,29 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::addGlobalMonitoringTargetsLocked(std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets,
-                                                       int32_t displayId, float xOffset,
-                                                       float yOffset) {
+                                                       int32_t displayId) {
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::vector<Monitor>>::const_iterator it =
             mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay.find(displayId);
 
     if (it != mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay.end()) {
         const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors = it->second;
         for (const Monitor& monitor : monitors) {
-            addMonitoringTargetLocked(monitor, xOffset, yOffset, inputTargets);
+            addMonitoringTargetLocked(monitor, displayId, inputTargets);
         }
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::addMonitoringTargetLocked(const Monitor& monitor, float xOffset,
-                                                float yOffset,
+void InputDispatcher::addMonitoringTargetLocked(const Monitor& monitor, int32_t displayId,
                                                 std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets) {
     InputTarget target;
     target.inputChannel = monitor.inputChannel;
     target.flags = InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_IS;
     ui::Transform t;
-    t.set(xOffset, yOffset);
+    if (const auto& it = mDisplayInfos.find(displayId); it != mDisplayInfos.end()) {
+        const auto& displayTransform = it->second.transform;
+        target.displayTransform = displayTransform;
+        t = displayTransform;
+    }
     target.setDefaultPointerTransform(t);
     inputTargets.push_back(target);
 }
@@ -2665,8 +2682,7 @@
                         "frame=[%" PRId32 ",%" PRId32 "][%" PRId32 ",%" PRId32
                         "], touchableRegion=%s, window={%s}, flags={%s}, inputFeatures={%s}, "
                         "hasToken=%s, applicationInfo.name=%s, applicationInfo.token=%s\n",
-                        (isTouchedWindow) ? "[TOUCHED] " : "",
-                        NamedEnum::string(info->type, "%" PRId32).c_str(),
+                        isTouchedWindow ? "[TOUCHED] " : "", ftl::enum_string(info->type).c_str(),
                         info->packageName.c_str(), info->ownerUid, info->id,
                         toString(info->touchOcclusionMode).c_str(), info->alpha, info->frameLeft,
                         info->frameTop, info->frameRight, info->frameBottom,
@@ -2742,11 +2758,8 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::pokeUserActivityLocked(const EventEntry& eventEntry) {
-    if (eventEntry.type == EventEntry::Type::FOCUS ||
-        eventEntry.type == EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED ||
-        eventEntry.type == EventEntry::Type::DRAG) {
-        // Focus or pointer capture changed events are passed to apps, but do not represent user
-        // activity.
+    if (!isUserActivityEvent(eventEntry)) {
+        // Not poking user activity if the event type does not represent a user activity
         return;
     }
     int32_t displayId = getTargetDisplayId(eventEntry);
@@ -2754,9 +2767,9 @@
     if (focusedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
         const WindowInfo* info = focusedWindowHandle->getInfo();
         if (info->inputFeatures.test(WindowInfo::Feature::DISABLE_USER_ACTIVITY)) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-            ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.", info->name.c_str());
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.", info->name.c_str());
+            }
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -2782,24 +2795,19 @@
             eventType = USER_ACTIVITY_EVENT_BUTTON;
             break;
         }
-        case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
-        case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
-        case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
-        case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR:
-        case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
-        case EventEntry::Type::DRAG: {
+        default: {
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s events are not user activity",
-                             NamedEnum::string(eventEntry.type).c_str());
+                             ftl::enum_string(eventEntry.type).c_str());
             break;
         }
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry =
-            std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(&InputDispatcher::doPokeUserActivityLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->eventTime = eventEntry.eventTime;
-    commandEntry->userActivityEventType = eventType;
-    commandEntry->displayId = displayId;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+    auto command = [this, eventTime = eventEntry.eventTime, eventType, displayId]()
+                           REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                               scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+                               mPolicy->pokeUserActivity(eventTime, eventType, displayId);
+                           };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::prepareDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
@@ -2812,21 +2820,22 @@
                              connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), eventEntry->id);
         ATRACE_NAME(message.c_str());
     }
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ prepareDispatchCycle - flags=0x%08x, "
-          "globalScaleFactor=%f, pointerIds=0x%x %s",
-          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), inputTarget.flags,
-          inputTarget.globalScaleFactor, inputTarget.pointerIds.value,
-          inputTarget.getPointerInfoString().c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ prepareDispatchCycle - flags=0x%08x, "
+              "globalScaleFactor=%f, pointerIds=0x%x %s",
+              connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), inputTarget.flags,
+              inputTarget.globalScaleFactor, inputTarget.pointerIds.value,
+              inputTarget.getPointerInfoString().c_str());
+    }
 
     // Skip this event if the connection status is not normal.
     // We don't want to enqueue additional outbound events if the connection is broken.
-    if (connection->status != Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Dropping event because the channel status is %s",
-              connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), connection->getStatusLabel());
-#endif
+    if (connection->status != Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
+        if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+            ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Dropping event because the channel status is %s",
+                  connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(),
+                  ftl::enum_string(connection->status).c_str());
+        }
         return;
     }
 
@@ -2834,7 +2843,7 @@
     if (inputTarget.flags & InputTarget::FLAG_SPLIT) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(eventEntry->type != EventEntry::Type::MOTION,
                             "Entry type %s should not have FLAG_SPLIT",
-                            NamedEnum::string(eventEntry->type).c_str());
+                            ftl::enum_string(eventEntry->type).c_str());
 
         const MotionEntry& originalMotionEntry = static_cast<const MotionEntry&>(*eventEntry);
         if (inputTarget.pointerIds.count() != originalMotionEntry.pointerCount) {
@@ -2843,6 +2852,11 @@
             if (!splitMotionEntry) {
                 return; // split event was dropped
             }
+            if (splitMotionEntry->action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
+                std::string reason = std::string("reason=pointer cancel on split window");
+                android_log_event_list(LOGTAG_INPUT_CANCEL)
+                        << connection->getInputChannelName().c_str() << reason << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+            }
             if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
                 ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Split motion event.",
                       connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
@@ -2925,10 +2939,11 @@
 
             if (!connection->inputState.trackKey(keyEntry, dispatchEntry->resolvedAction,
                                                  dispatchEntry->resolvedFlags)) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-                ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ enqueueDispatchEntryLocked: skipping inconsistent key event",
-                      connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
-#endif
+                if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ enqueueDispatchEntryLocked: skipping inconsistent key "
+                          "event",
+                          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
+                }
                 return; // skip the inconsistent event
             }
             break;
@@ -2958,11 +2973,11 @@
             if (dispatchEntry->resolvedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE &&
                 !connection->inputState.isHovering(motionEntry.deviceId, motionEntry.source,
                                                    motionEntry.displayId)) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-                ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ enqueueDispatchEntryLocked: filling in missing hover enter "
-                      "event",
-                      connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
-#endif
+                if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ enqueueDispatchEntryLocked: filling in missing hover "
+                          "enter event",
+                          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
+                }
                 // We keep the 'resolvedEventId' here equal to the original 'motionEntry.id' because
                 // this is a one-to-one event conversion.
                 dispatchEntry->resolvedAction = AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER;
@@ -2978,11 +2993,11 @@
 
             if (!connection->inputState.trackMotion(motionEntry, dispatchEntry->resolvedAction,
                                                     dispatchEntry->resolvedFlags)) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-                ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ enqueueDispatchEntryLocked: skipping inconsistent motion "
-                      "event",
-                      connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
-#endif
+                if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ enqueueDispatchEntryLocked: skipping inconsistent motion "
+                          "event",
+                          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
+                }
                 return; // skip the inconsistent event
             }
 
@@ -3009,6 +3024,7 @@
             break;
         }
         case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::DRAG: {
             break;
@@ -3020,7 +3036,7 @@
         case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET: {
             LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s events should not go to apps",
-                             NamedEnum::string(newEntry.type).c_str());
+                             ftl::enum_string(newEntry.type).c_str());
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -3114,10 +3130,11 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doOnPointerDownOutsideFocusLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->newToken = token;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+    auto command = [this, token]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->onPointerDownOutsideFocus(token);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::startDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
@@ -3127,11 +3144,11 @@
                                            connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
         ATRACE_NAME(message.c_str());
     }
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ startDispatchCycle", connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ startDispatchCycle", connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
+    }
 
-    while (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL && !connection->outboundQueue.empty()) {
+    while (connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL && !connection->outboundQueue.empty()) {
         DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = connection->outboundQueue.front();
         dispatchEntry->deliveryTime = currentTime;
         const std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout =
@@ -3208,9 +3225,7 @@
                                                      motionEntry.xPrecision, motionEntry.yPrecision,
                                                      motionEntry.xCursorPosition,
                                                      motionEntry.yCursorPosition,
-                                                     dispatchEntry->displayOrientation,
-                                                     dispatchEntry->displaySize.x,
-                                                     dispatchEntry->displaySize.y,
+                                                     dispatchEntry->rawTransform,
                                                      motionEntry.downTime, motionEntry.eventTime,
                                                      motionEntry.pointerCount,
                                                      motionEntry.pointerProperties, usingCoords);
@@ -3221,8 +3236,17 @@
                 const FocusEntry& focusEntry = static_cast<const FocusEntry&>(eventEntry);
                 status = connection->inputPublisher.publishFocusEvent(dispatchEntry->seq,
                                                                       focusEntry.id,
-                                                                      focusEntry.hasFocus,
-                                                                      mInTouchMode);
+                                                                      focusEntry.hasFocus);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED: {
+                const TouchModeEntry& touchModeEntry =
+                        static_cast<const TouchModeEntry&>(eventEntry);
+                status = connection->inputPublisher
+                                 .publishTouchModeEvent(dispatchEntry->seq, touchModeEntry.id,
+                                                        touchModeEntry.inTouchMode);
+
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -3248,7 +3272,7 @@
             case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
             case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR: {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Should never start dispatch cycles for %s events",
-                                 NamedEnum::string(eventEntry.type).c_str());
+                                 ftl::enum_string(eventEntry.type).c_str());
                 return;
             }
         }
@@ -3267,11 +3291,11 @@
                 } else {
                     // Pipe is full and we are waiting for the app to finish process some events
                     // before sending more events to it.
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-                    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Could not publish event because the pipe is full, "
-                          "waiting for the application to catch up",
-                          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
-#endif
+                    if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Could not publish event because the pipe is full, "
+                              "waiting for the application to catch up",
+                              connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
+                    }
                 }
             } else {
                 ALOGE("channel '%s' ~ Could not publish event due to an unexpected error, "
@@ -3315,16 +3339,18 @@
 
 const std::array<uint8_t, 32> InputDispatcher::getSignature(
         const MotionEntry& motionEntry, const DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry) const {
-    int32_t actionMasked = dispatchEntry.resolvedAction & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
-    if ((actionMasked == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP) || (actionMasked == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN)) {
+    const int32_t actionMasked = dispatchEntry.resolvedAction & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
+    if (actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP && actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
         // Only sign events up and down events as the purely move events
         // are tied to their up/down counterparts so signing would be redundant.
-        VerifiedMotionEvent verifiedEvent = verifiedMotionEventFromMotionEntry(motionEntry);
-        verifiedEvent.actionMasked = actionMasked;
-        verifiedEvent.flags = dispatchEntry.resolvedFlags & VERIFIED_MOTION_EVENT_FLAGS;
-        return sign(verifiedEvent);
+        return INVALID_HMAC;
     }
-    return INVALID_HMAC;
+
+    VerifiedMotionEvent verifiedEvent =
+            verifiedMotionEventFromMotionEntry(motionEntry, dispatchEntry.rawTransform);
+    verifiedEvent.actionMasked = actionMasked;
+    verifiedEvent.flags = dispatchEntry.resolvedFlags & VERIFIED_MOTION_EVENT_FLAGS;
+    return sign(verifiedEvent);
 }
 
 const std::array<uint8_t, 32> InputDispatcher::getSignature(
@@ -3338,27 +3364,30 @@
 void InputDispatcher::finishDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                                 const sp<Connection>& connection, uint32_t seq,
                                                 bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ finishDispatchCycle - seq=%u, handled=%s",
-          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), seq, toString(handled));
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ finishDispatchCycle - seq=%u, handled=%s",
+              connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), seq, toString(handled));
+    }
 
-    if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_BROKEN ||
-        connection->status == Connection::STATUS_ZOMBIE) {
+    if (connection->status == Connection::Status::BROKEN ||
+        connection->status == Connection::Status::ZOMBIE) {
         return;
     }
 
     // Notify other system components and prepare to start the next dispatch cycle.
-    onDispatchCycleFinishedLocked(currentTime, connection, seq, handled, consumeTime);
+    auto command = [this, currentTime, connection, seq, handled, consumeTime]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        doDispatchCycleFinishedCommand(currentTime, connection, seq, handled, consumeTime);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::abortBrokenDispatchCycleLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                                      const sp<Connection>& connection,
                                                      bool notify) {
-#if DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE
-    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ abortBrokenDispatchCycle - notify=%s",
-          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), toString(notify));
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ abortBrokenDispatchCycle - notify=%s",
+              connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), toString(notify));
+    }
 
     // Clear the dispatch queues.
     drainDispatchQueue(connection->outboundQueue);
@@ -3368,12 +3397,19 @@
 
     // The connection appears to be unrecoverably broken.
     // Ignore already broken or zombie connections.
-    if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
-        connection->status = Connection::STATUS_BROKEN;
+    if (connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
+        connection->status = Connection::Status::BROKEN;
 
         if (notify) {
             // Notify other system components.
-            onDispatchCycleBrokenLocked(currentTime, connection);
+            ALOGE("channel '%s' ~ Channel is unrecoverably broken and will be disposed!",
+                  connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
+
+            auto command = [this, connection]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+                mPolicy->notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+            };
+            postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -3440,7 +3476,7 @@
             gotOne = true;
         }
         if (gotOne) {
-            runCommandsLockedInterruptible();
+            runCommandsLockedInterruptable();
             if (status == WOULD_BLOCK) {
                 return 1;
             }
@@ -3505,7 +3541,7 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(
         const sp<Connection>& connection, const CancelationOptions& options) {
-    if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_BROKEN) {
+    if (connection->status == Connection::Status::BROKEN) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -3517,12 +3553,16 @@
     if (cancelationEvents.empty()) {
         return;
     }
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Synthesized %zu cancelation events to bring channel back in sync "
-          "with reality: %s, mode=%d.",
-          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), cancelationEvents.size(), options.reason,
-          options.mode);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Synthesized %zu cancelation events to bring channel back in sync "
+              "with reality: %s, mode=%d.",
+              connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), cancelationEvents.size(), options.reason,
+              options.mode);
+    }
+
+    std::string reason = std::string("reason=").append(options.reason);
+    android_log_event_list(LOGTAG_INPUT_CANCEL)
+            << connection->getInputChannelName().c_str() << reason << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
 
     InputTarget target;
     sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowHandle =
@@ -3549,17 +3589,18 @@
                 break;
             }
             case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
+            case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
             case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
             case EventEntry::Type::DRAG: {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Canceling %s events is not supported",
-                                 NamedEnum::string(cancelationEventEntry->type).c_str());
+                                 ftl::enum_string(cancelationEventEntry->type).c_str());
                 break;
             }
             case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
             case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
             case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR: {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s event should not be found inside Connections's queue",
-                                 NamedEnum::string(cancelationEventEntry->type).c_str());
+                                 ftl::enum_string(cancelationEventEntry->type).c_str());
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -3573,7 +3614,7 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::synthesizePointerDownEventsForConnectionLocked(
         const sp<Connection>& connection) {
-    if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_BROKEN) {
+    if (connection->status == Connection::Status::BROKEN) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -3586,10 +3627,10 @@
         return;
     }
 
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
+    if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
         ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ Synthesized %zu down events to ensure consistent event stream.",
               connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), downEvents.size());
-#endif
+    }
 
     InputTarget target;
     sp<WindowInfoHandle> windowHandle =
@@ -3612,13 +3653,14 @@
 
             case EventEntry::Type::KEY:
             case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
+            case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
             case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
             case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
             case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
             case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR:
             case EventEntry::Type::DRAG: {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s event should not be found inside Connections's queue",
-                                 NamedEnum::string(downEventEntry->type).c_str());
+                                 ftl::enum_string(downEventEntry->type).c_str());
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -3732,11 +3774,11 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyConfigurationChanged(const NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifyConfigurationChanged - eventTime=%" PRId64, args->eventTime);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifyConfigurationChanged - eventTime=%" PRId64, args->eventTime);
+    }
 
-    bool needWake;
+    bool needWake = false;
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
 
@@ -3788,14 +3830,14 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyKey(const NotifyKeyArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifyKey - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32
-          "policyFlags=0x%x, action=0x%x, "
-          "flags=0x%x, keyCode=0x%x, scanCode=0x%x, metaState=0x%x, downTime=%" PRId64,
-          args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId, args->policyFlags,
-          args->action, args->flags, args->keyCode, args->scanCode, args->metaState,
-          args->downTime);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifyKey - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, displayId=%" PRId32
+              "policyFlags=0x%x, action=0x%x, "
+              "flags=0x%x, keyCode=0x%x, scanCode=0x%x, metaState=0x%x, downTime=%" PRId64,
+              args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId, args->policyFlags,
+              args->action, args->flags, args->keyCode, args->scanCode, args->metaState,
+              args->downTime);
+    }
     if (!validateKeyEvent(args->action)) {
         return;
     }
@@ -3831,7 +3873,7 @@
               std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
     }
 
-    bool needWake;
+    bool needWake = false;
     { // acquire lock
         mLock.lock();
 
@@ -3866,33 +3908,33 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyMotion(const NotifyMotionArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifyMotion - id=%" PRIx32 " eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, "
-          "displayId=%" PRId32 ", policyFlags=0x%x, "
-          "action=0x%x, actionButton=0x%x, flags=0x%x, metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x, "
-          "edgeFlags=0x%x, xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, xCursorPosition=%f, "
-          "yCursorPosition=%f, downTime=%" PRId64,
-          args->id, args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId,
-          args->policyFlags, args->action, args->actionButton, args->flags, args->metaState,
-          args->buttonState, args->edgeFlags, args->xPrecision, args->yPrecision,
-          args->xCursorPosition, args->yCursorPosition, args->downTime);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args->pointerCount; i++) {
-        ALOGD("  Pointer %d: id=%d, toolType=%d, "
-              "x=%f, y=%f, pressure=%f, size=%f, "
-              "touchMajor=%f, touchMinor=%f, toolMajor=%f, toolMinor=%f, "
-              "orientation=%f",
-              i, args->pointerProperties[i].id, args->pointerProperties[i].toolType,
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR),
-              args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION));
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifyMotion - id=%" PRIx32 " eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, "
+              "displayId=%" PRId32 ", policyFlags=0x%x, "
+              "action=0x%x, actionButton=0x%x, flags=0x%x, metaState=0x%x, buttonState=0x%x, "
+              "edgeFlags=0x%x, xPrecision=%f, yPrecision=%f, xCursorPosition=%f, "
+              "yCursorPosition=%f, downTime=%" PRId64,
+              args->id, args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId,
+              args->policyFlags, args->action, args->actionButton, args->flags, args->metaState,
+              args->buttonState, args->edgeFlags, args->xPrecision, args->yPrecision,
+              args->xCursorPosition, args->yCursorPosition, args->downTime);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < args->pointerCount; i++) {
+            ALOGD("  Pointer %d: id=%d, toolType=%d, "
+                  "x=%f, y=%f, pressure=%f, size=%f, "
+                  "touchMajor=%f, touchMinor=%f, toolMajor=%f, toolMinor=%f, "
+                  "orientation=%f",
+                  i, args->pointerProperties[i].id, args->pointerProperties[i].toolType,
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_SIZE),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MAJOR),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOUCH_MINOR),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MAJOR),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_TOOL_MINOR),
+                  args->pointerCoords[i].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_ORIENTATION));
+        }
     }
-#endif
     if (!validateMotionEvent(args->action, args->actionButton, args->pointerCount,
                              args->pointerProperties)) {
         return;
@@ -3908,22 +3950,26 @@
               std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
     }
 
-    bool needWake;
+    bool needWake = false;
     { // acquire lock
         mLock.lock();
 
         if (shouldSendMotionToInputFilterLocked(args)) {
+            ui::Transform displayTransform;
+            if (const auto it = mDisplayInfos.find(args->displayId); it != mDisplayInfos.end()) {
+                displayTransform = it->second.transform;
+            }
+
             mLock.unlock();
 
             MotionEvent event;
-            ui::Transform transform;
             event.initialize(args->id, args->deviceId, args->source, args->displayId, INVALID_HMAC,
                              args->action, args->actionButton, args->flags, args->edgeFlags,
-                             args->metaState, args->buttonState, args->classification, transform,
-                             args->xPrecision, args->yPrecision, args->xCursorPosition,
-                             args->yCursorPosition, ui::Transform::ROT_0, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE,
-                             INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, args->downTime, args->eventTime,
-                             args->pointerCount, args->pointerProperties, args->pointerCoords);
+                             args->metaState, args->buttonState, args->classification,
+                             displayTransform, args->xPrecision, args->yPrecision,
+                             args->xCursorPosition, args->yCursorPosition, displayTransform,
+                             args->downTime, args->eventTime, args->pointerCount,
+                             args->pointerProperties, args->pointerCoords);
 
             policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED;
             if (!mPolicy->filterInputEvent(&event, policyFlags)) {
@@ -3962,14 +4008,14 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifySensor(const NotifySensorArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifySensor - id=%" PRIx32 " eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, "
-          " sensorType=%s",
-          args->id, args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source,
-          NamedEnum::string(args->sensorType).c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifySensor - id=%" PRIx32 " eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d, source=0x%x, "
+              " sensorType=%s",
+              args->id, args->eventTime, args->deviceId, args->source,
+              ftl::enum_string(args->sensorType).c_str());
+    }
 
-    bool needWake;
+    bool needWake = false;
     { // acquire lock
         mLock.lock();
 
@@ -3990,10 +4036,10 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyVibratorState(const NotifyVibratorStateArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifyVibratorState - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", device=%d,  isOn=%d", args->eventTime,
-          args->deviceId, args->isOn);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifyVibratorState - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", device=%d,  isOn=%d", args->eventTime,
+              args->deviceId, args->isOn);
+    }
     mPolicy->notifyVibratorState(args->deviceId, args->isOn);
 }
 
@@ -4002,11 +4048,11 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifySwitch(const NotifySwitchArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifySwitch - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", policyFlags=0x%x, switchValues=0x%08x, "
-          "switchMask=0x%08x",
-          args->eventTime, args->policyFlags, args->switchValues, args->switchMask);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifySwitch - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", policyFlags=0x%x, switchValues=0x%08x, "
+              "switchMask=0x%08x",
+              args->eventTime, args->policyFlags, args->switchValues, args->switchMask);
+    }
 
     uint32_t policyFlags = args->policyFlags;
     policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_TRUSTED;
@@ -4014,12 +4060,12 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyDeviceReset(const NotifyDeviceResetArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifyDeviceReset - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d", args->eventTime,
-          args->deviceId);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifyDeviceReset - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", deviceId=%d", args->eventTime,
+              args->deviceId);
+    }
 
-    bool needWake;
+    bool needWake = false;
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
 
@@ -4034,12 +4080,12 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyPointerCaptureChanged(const NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs* args) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("notifyPointerCaptureChanged - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", enabled=%s", args->eventTime,
-          args->request.enable ? "true" : "false");
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("notifyPointerCaptureChanged - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", enabled=%s", args->eventTime,
+              args->request.enable ? "true" : "false");
+    }
 
-    bool needWake;
+    bool needWake = false;
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         auto entry = std::make_unique<PointerCaptureChangedEntry>(args->id, args->eventTime,
@@ -4055,11 +4101,11 @@
 InputEventInjectionResult InputDispatcher::injectInputEvent(
         const InputEvent* event, int32_t injectorPid, int32_t injectorUid,
         InputEventInjectionSync syncMode, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout, uint32_t policyFlags) {
-#if DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-    ALOGD("injectInputEvent - eventType=%d, injectorPid=%d, injectorUid=%d, "
-          "syncMode=%d, timeout=%lld, policyFlags=0x%08x",
-          event->getType(), injectorPid, injectorUid, syncMode, timeout.count(), policyFlags);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+        ALOGD("injectInputEvent - eventType=%d, injectorPid=%d, injectorUid=%d, "
+              "syncMode=%d, timeout=%lld, policyFlags=0x%08x",
+              event->getType(), injectorPid, injectorUid, syncMode, timeout.count(), policyFlags);
+    }
     nsecs_t endTime = now() + std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(timeout).count();
 
     policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_INJECTED;
@@ -4128,12 +4174,17 @@
 
         case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION: {
             const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(*event);
-            int32_t action = motionEvent.getAction();
-            size_t pointerCount = motionEvent.getPointerCount();
+            const int32_t action = motionEvent.getAction();
+            const bool isPointerEvent =
+                    isFromSource(event->getSource(), AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
+            // If a pointer event has no displayId specified, inject it to the default display.
+            const uint32_t displayId = isPointerEvent && (event->getDisplayId() == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)
+                    ? ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT
+                    : event->getDisplayId();
+            const size_t pointerCount = motionEvent.getPointerCount();
             const PointerProperties* pointerProperties = motionEvent.getPointerProperties();
-            int32_t actionButton = motionEvent.getActionButton();
+            const int32_t actionButton = motionEvent.getActionButton();
             int32_t flags = motionEvent.getFlags();
-            int32_t displayId = motionEvent.getDisplayId();
             if (!validateMotionEvent(action, actionButton, pointerCount, pointerProperties)) {
                 return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
             }
@@ -4158,8 +4209,8 @@
             std::unique_ptr<MotionEntry> injectedEntry =
                     std::make_unique<MotionEntry>(motionEvent.getId(), *sampleEventTimes,
                                                   resolvedDeviceId, motionEvent.getSource(),
-                                                  motionEvent.getDisplayId(), policyFlags, action,
-                                                  actionButton, flags, motionEvent.getMetaState(),
+                                                  displayId, policyFlags, action, actionButton,
+                                                  flags, motionEvent.getMetaState(),
                                                   motionEvent.getButtonState(),
                                                   motionEvent.getClassification(),
                                                   motionEvent.getEdgeFlags(),
@@ -4171,6 +4222,7 @@
                                                   pointerProperties, samplePointerCoords,
                                                   motionEvent.getXOffset(),
                                                   motionEvent.getYOffset());
+            transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(*injectedEntry);
             injectedEntries.push(std::move(injectedEntry));
             for (size_t i = motionEvent.getHistorySize(); i > 0; i--) {
                 sampleEventTimes += 1;
@@ -4178,9 +4230,8 @@
                 std::unique_ptr<MotionEntry> nextInjectedEntry =
                         std::make_unique<MotionEntry>(motionEvent.getId(), *sampleEventTimes,
                                                       resolvedDeviceId, motionEvent.getSource(),
-                                                      motionEvent.getDisplayId(), policyFlags,
-                                                      action, actionButton, flags,
-                                                      motionEvent.getMetaState(),
+                                                      displayId, policyFlags, action, actionButton,
+                                                      flags, motionEvent.getMetaState(),
                                                       motionEvent.getButtonState(),
                                                       motionEvent.getClassification(),
                                                       motionEvent.getEdgeFlags(),
@@ -4192,6 +4243,7 @@
                                                       uint32_t(pointerCount), pointerProperties,
                                                       samplePointerCoords, motionEvent.getXOffset(),
                                                       motionEvent.getYOffset());
+                transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(*nextInjectedEntry);
                 injectedEntries.push(std::move(nextInjectedEntry));
             }
             break;
@@ -4237,10 +4289,10 @@
 
                 nsecs_t remainingTimeout = endTime - now();
                 if (remainingTimeout <= 0) {
-#if DEBUG_INJECTION
-                    ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Timed out waiting for injection result "
-                          "to become available.");
-#endif
+                    if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
+                        ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Timed out waiting for injection result "
+                              "to become available.");
+                    }
                     injectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::TIMED_OUT;
                     break;
                 }
@@ -4251,16 +4303,16 @@
             if (injectionResult == InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED &&
                 syncMode == InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_FINISHED) {
                 while (injectionState->pendingForegroundDispatches != 0) {
-#if DEBUG_INJECTION
-                    ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Waiting for %d pending foreground dispatches.",
-                          injectionState->pendingForegroundDispatches);
-#endif
+                    if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
+                        ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Waiting for %d pending foreground dispatches.",
+                              injectionState->pendingForegroundDispatches);
+                    }
                     nsecs_t remainingTimeout = endTime - now();
                     if (remainingTimeout <= 0) {
-#if DEBUG_INJECTION
-                        ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Timed out waiting for pending foreground "
-                              "dispatches to finish.");
-#endif
+                        if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
+                            ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Timed out waiting for pending foreground "
+                                  "dispatches to finish.");
+                        }
                         injectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::TIMED_OUT;
                         break;
                     }
@@ -4273,10 +4325,10 @@
         injectionState->release();
     } // release lock
 
-#if DEBUG_INJECTION
-    ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Finished with result %d. injectorPid=%d, injectorUid=%d",
-          injectionResult, injectorPid, injectorUid);
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
+        ALOGD("injectInputEvent - Finished with result %d. injectorPid=%d, injectorUid=%d",
+              injectionResult, injectorPid, injectorUid);
+    }
 
     return injectionResult;
 }
@@ -4323,11 +4375,11 @@
                                          InputEventInjectionResult injectionResult) {
     InjectionState* injectionState = entry.injectionState;
     if (injectionState) {
-#if DEBUG_INJECTION
-        ALOGD("Setting input event injection result to %d.  "
-              "injectorPid=%d, injectorUid=%d",
-              injectionResult, injectionState->injectorPid, injectionState->injectorUid);
-#endif
+        if (DEBUG_INJECTION) {
+            ALOGD("Setting input event injection result to %d.  "
+                  "injectorPid=%d, injectorUid=%d",
+                  injectionResult, injectionState->injectorPid, injectionState->injectorUid);
+        }
 
         if (injectionState->injectionIsAsync && !(entry.policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED)) {
             // Log the outcome since the injector did not wait for the injection result.
@@ -4355,6 +4407,38 @@
     }
 }
 
+void InputDispatcher::transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(MotionEntry& entry) const {
+    const bool isRelativeMouseEvent = isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_MOUSE_RELATIVE);
+    if (!isRelativeMouseEvent && !isFromSource(entry.source, AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Input injection works in the logical display coordinate space, but the input pipeline works
+    // display space, so we need to transform the injected events accordingly.
+    const auto it = mDisplayInfos.find(entry.displayId);
+    if (it == mDisplayInfos.end()) return;
+    const auto& transformToDisplay = it->second.transform.inverse();
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entry.pointerCount; i++) {
+        PointerCoords& pc = entry.pointerCoords[i];
+        const auto xy = isRelativeMouseEvent
+                ? transformWithoutTranslation(transformToDisplay, pc.getX(), pc.getY())
+                : transformToDisplay.transform(pc.getXYValue());
+        pc.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, xy.x);
+        pc.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, xy.y);
+
+        // Axes with relative values never represent points on a screen, so they should never have
+        // translation applied. If a device does not report relative values, these values are always
+        // 0, and will remain unaffected by the following operation.
+        const auto rel =
+                transformWithoutTranslation(transformToDisplay,
+                                            pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X),
+                                            pc.getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y));
+        pc.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, rel.x);
+        pc.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_Y, rel.y);
+    }
+}
+
 void InputDispatcher::incrementPendingForegroundDispatches(EventEntry& entry) {
     InjectionState* injectionState = entry.injectionState;
     if (injectionState) {
@@ -4487,8 +4571,7 @@
     std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> newHandles;
     for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& handle : windowInfoHandles) {
         const WindowInfo* info = handle->getInfo();
-        if ((getInputChannelLocked(handle->getToken()) == nullptr &&
-             info->portalToDisplayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)) {
+        if (getInputChannelLocked(handle->getToken()) == nullptr) {
             const bool noInputChannel =
                     info->inputFeatures.test(WindowInfo::Feature::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL);
             const bool canReceiveInput = !info->flags.test(WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_TOUCHABLE) ||
@@ -4522,6 +4605,7 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::setInputWindows(
         const std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>>& handlesPerDisplay) {
+    // TODO(b/198444055): Remove setInputWindows from InputDispatcher.
     { // acquire lock
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         for (const auto& [displayId, handles] : handlesPerDisplay) {
@@ -4602,6 +4686,20 @@
                     CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
                                                "touched window was removed");
                     synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(touchedInputChannel, options);
+                    // Since we are about to drop the touch, cancel the events for the wallpaper as
+                    // well.
+                    if (touchedWindow.targetFlags & InputTarget::FLAG_FOREGROUND &&
+                        touchedWindow.windowHandle->getInfo()->hasWallpaper) {
+                        sp<WindowInfoHandle> wallpaper = state.getWallpaperWindow();
+                        if (wallpaper != nullptr) {
+                            sp<Connection> wallpaperConnection =
+                                    getConnectionLocked(wallpaper->getToken());
+                            if (wallpaperConnection != nullptr) {
+                                synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(wallpaperConnection,
+                                                                               options);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 state.windows.erase(state.windows.begin() + i);
             } else {
@@ -4618,21 +4716,19 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) {
-        // Determine if the orientation of any of the input windows have changed, and cancel all
-        // pointer events if necessary.
-        for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle : oldWindowHandles) {
-            const sp<WindowInfoHandle> newWindowHandle = getWindowHandleLocked(oldWindowHandle);
-            if (newWindowHandle != nullptr &&
-                newWindowHandle->getInfo()->transform.getOrientation() !=
-                        oldWindowOrientations[oldWindowHandle->getId()]) {
-                std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel =
-                        getInputChannelLocked(newWindowHandle->getToken());
-                if (inputChannel != nullptr) {
-                    CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
-                                               "touched window's orientation changed");
-                    synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(inputChannel, options);
-                }
+    // Determine if the orientation of any of the input windows have changed, and cancel all
+    // pointer events if necessary.
+    for (const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle : oldWindowHandles) {
+        const sp<WindowInfoHandle> newWindowHandle = getWindowHandleLocked(oldWindowHandle);
+        if (newWindowHandle != nullptr &&
+            newWindowHandle->getInfo()->transform.getOrientation() !=
+                    oldWindowOrientations[oldWindowHandle->getId()]) {
+            std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> inputChannel =
+                    getInputChannelLocked(newWindowHandle->getToken());
+            if (inputChannel != nullptr) {
+                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_POINTER_EVENTS,
+                                           "touched window's orientation changed");
+                synthesizeCancelationEventsForInputChannelLocked(inputChannel, options);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4733,7 +4829,7 @@
 
             // Find new focused window and validate
             sp<IBinder> newFocusedWindowToken = mFocusResolver.getFocusedWindowToken(displayId);
-            notifyFocusChangedLocked(oldFocusedWindowToken, newFocusedWindowToken);
+            sendFocusChangedCommandLocked(oldFocusedWindowToken, newFocusedWindowToken);
 
             if (newFocusedWindowToken == nullptr) {
                 ALOGW("Focused display #%" PRId32 " does not have a focused window.", displayId);
@@ -4810,8 +4906,29 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::setInTouchMode(bool inTouchMode) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-    mInTouchMode = inTouchMode;
+    bool needWake = false;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        if (mInTouchMode == inTouchMode) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (DEBUG_TOUCH_MODE) {
+            ALOGD("Request to change touch mode from %s to %s", toString(mInTouchMode),
+                  toString(inTouchMode));
+            // TODO(b/198487159): Also print the current last interacted apps.
+        }
+
+        // TODO(b/198499018): Store touch mode per display.
+        mInTouchMode = inTouchMode;
+
+        // TODO(b/198487159): Enforce that only last interacted apps can change touch mode.
+        auto entry = std::make_unique<TouchModeEntry>(mIdGenerator.nextId(), now(), inTouchMode);
+        needWake = enqueueInboundEventLocked(std::move(entry));
+    } // release lock
+
+    if (needWake) {
+        mLooper->wake();
+    }
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::setMaximumObscuringOpacityForTouch(float opacity) {
@@ -5030,14 +5147,6 @@
             } else {
                 dump += INDENT3 "Windows: <none>\n";
             }
-            if (!state.portalWindows.empty()) {
-                dump += INDENT3 "Portal windows:\n";
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < state.portalWindows.size(); i++) {
-                    const sp<WindowInfoHandle> portalWindowHandle = state.portalWindows[i];
-                    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "%zu: name='%s'\n", i,
-                                         portalWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
-                }
-            }
         }
     } else {
         dump += INDENT "TouchStates: <no displays touched>\n";
@@ -5049,9 +5158,17 @@
     }
 
     if (!mWindowHandlesByDisplay.empty()) {
-        for (auto& it : mWindowHandlesByDisplay) {
-            const std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>> windowHandles = it.second;
-            dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "Display: %" PRId32 "\n", it.first);
+        for (const auto& [displayId, windowHandles] : mWindowHandlesByDisplay) {
+            dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "Display: %" PRId32 "\n", displayId);
+            if (const auto& it = mDisplayInfos.find(displayId); it != mDisplayInfos.end()) {
+                const auto& displayInfo = it->second;
+                dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "logicalSize=%dx%d\n", displayInfo.logicalWidth,
+                                     displayInfo.logicalHeight);
+                displayInfo.transform.dump(dump, "transform", INDENT4);
+            } else {
+                dump += INDENT2 "No DisplayInfo found!\n";
+            }
+
             if (!windowHandles.empty()) {
                 dump += INDENT2 "Windows:\n";
                 for (size_t i = 0; i < windowHandles.size(); i++) {
@@ -5059,7 +5176,7 @@
                     const WindowInfo* windowInfo = windowHandle->getInfo();
 
                     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "%zu: name='%s', id=%" PRId32 ", displayId=%d, "
-                                                 "portalToDisplayId=%d, paused=%s, focusable=%s, "
+                                                 "paused=%s, focusable=%s, "
                                                  "hasWallpaper=%s, visible=%s, alpha=%.2f, "
                                                  "flags=%s, type=%s, "
                                                  "frame=[%d,%d][%d,%d], globalScale=%f, "
@@ -5067,13 +5184,12 @@
                                                  "applicationInfo.token=%s, "
                                                  "touchableRegion=",
                                          i, windowInfo->name.c_str(), windowInfo->id,
-                                         windowInfo->displayId, windowInfo->portalToDisplayId,
-                                         toString(windowInfo->paused),
+                                         windowInfo->displayId, toString(windowInfo->paused),
                                          toString(windowInfo->focusable),
                                          toString(windowInfo->hasWallpaper),
                                          toString(windowInfo->visible), windowInfo->alpha,
                                          windowInfo->flags.string().c_str(),
-                                         NamedEnum::string(windowInfo->type).c_str(),
+                                         ftl::enum_string(windowInfo->type).c_str(),
                                          windowInfo->frameLeft, windowInfo->frameTop,
                                          windowInfo->frameRight, windowInfo->frameBottom,
                                          windowInfo->globalScaleFactor,
@@ -5084,13 +5200,12 @@
                                          windowInfo->inputFeatures.string().c_str());
                     dump += StringPrintf(", ownerPid=%d, ownerUid=%d, dispatchingTimeout=%" PRId64
                                          "ms, trustedOverlay=%s, hasToken=%s, "
-                                         "touchOcclusionMode=%s, displayOrientation=%d\n",
+                                         "touchOcclusionMode=%s\n",
                                          windowInfo->ownerPid, windowInfo->ownerUid,
                                          millis(windowInfo->dispatchingTimeout),
                                          toString(windowInfo->trustedOverlay),
                                          toString(windowInfo->token != nullptr),
-                                         toString(windowInfo->touchOcclusionMode).c_str(),
-                                         windowInfo->displayOrientation);
+                                         toString(windowInfo->touchOcclusionMode).c_str());
                     windowInfo->transform.dump(dump, "transform", INDENT4);
                 }
             } else {
@@ -5165,6 +5280,12 @@
         dump += INDENT "ReplacedKeys: <empty>\n";
     }
 
+    if (!mCommandQueue.empty()) {
+        dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "CommandQueue: size=%zu\n", mCommandQueue.size());
+    } else {
+        dump += INDENT "CommandQueue: <empty>\n";
+    }
+
     if (!mConnectionsByToken.empty()) {
         dump += INDENT "Connections:\n";
         for (const auto& [token, connection] : mConnectionsByToken) {
@@ -5172,7 +5293,8 @@
                                          "status=%s, monitor=%s, responsive=%s\n",
                                  connection->inputChannel->getFd().get(),
                                  connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(),
-                                 connection->getWindowName().c_str(), connection->getStatusLabel(),
+                                 connection->getWindowName().c_str(),
+                                 ftl::enum_string(connection->status).c_str(),
                                  toString(connection->monitor), toString(connection->responsive));
 
             if (!connection->outboundQueue.empty()) {
@@ -5231,9 +5353,9 @@
 };
 
 Result<std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>> InputDispatcher::createInputChannel(const std::string& name) {
-#if DEBUG_CHANNEL_CREATION
-    ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ createInputChannel", name.c_str());
-#endif
+    if (DEBUG_CHANNEL_CREATION) {
+        ALOGD("channel '%s' ~ createInputChannel", name.c_str());
+    }
 
     std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> serverChannel;
     std::unique_ptr<InputChannel> clientChannel;
@@ -5345,7 +5467,7 @@
     nsecs_t currentTime = now();
     abortBrokenDispatchCycleLocked(currentTime, connection, notify);
 
-    connection->status = Connection::STATUS_ZOMBIE;
+    connection->status = Connection::Status::ZOMBIE;
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -5397,9 +5519,9 @@
         TouchState& state = stateIt->second;
         std::shared_ptr<InputChannel> requestingChannel;
         std::optional<int32_t> foundDeviceId;
-        for (const TouchedMonitor& touchedMonitor : state.gestureMonitors) {
-            if (touchedMonitor.monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() == token) {
-                requestingChannel = touchedMonitor.monitor.inputChannel;
+        for (const auto& monitor : state.gestureMonitors) {
+            if (monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() == token) {
+                requestingChannel = monitor.inputChannel;
                 foundDeviceId = state.deviceId;
             }
         }
@@ -5514,46 +5636,92 @@
     mConnectionsByToken.erase(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onDispatchCycleFinishedLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                                    const sp<Connection>& connection, uint32_t seq,
-                                                    bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doDispatchCycleFinishedLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->connection = connection;
-    commandEntry->eventTime = currentTime;
-    commandEntry->seq = seq;
-    commandEntry->handled = handled;
-    commandEntry->consumeTime = consumeTime;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+void InputDispatcher::doDispatchCycleFinishedCommand(nsecs_t finishTime,
+                                                     const sp<Connection>& connection, uint32_t seq,
+                                                     bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime) {
+    // Handle post-event policy actions.
+    std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator dispatchEntryIt = connection->findWaitQueueEntry(seq);
+    if (dispatchEntryIt == connection->waitQueue.end()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
+    const nsecs_t eventDuration = finishTime - dispatchEntry->deliveryTime;
+    if (eventDuration > SLOW_EVENT_PROCESSING_WARNING_TIMEOUT) {
+        ALOGI("%s spent %" PRId64 "ms processing %s", connection->getWindowName().c_str(),
+              ns2ms(eventDuration), dispatchEntry->eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+    if (shouldReportFinishedEvent(*dispatchEntry, *connection)) {
+        mLatencyTracker.trackFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry->eventEntry->id,
+                                           connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                           dispatchEntry->deliveryTime, consumeTime, finishTime);
+    }
+
+    bool restartEvent;
+    if (dispatchEntry->eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
+        KeyEntry& keyEntry = static_cast<KeyEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry->eventEntry));
+        restartEvent =
+                afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(connection, dispatchEntry, keyEntry, handled);
+    } else if (dispatchEntry->eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
+        MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry->eventEntry));
+        restartEvent = afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(connection, dispatchEntry, motionEntry,
+                                                           handled);
+    } else {
+        restartEvent = false;
+    }
+
+    // Dequeue the event and start the next cycle.
+    // Because the lock might have been released, it is possible that the
+    // contents of the wait queue to have been drained, so we need to double-check
+    // a few things.
+    dispatchEntryIt = connection->findWaitQueueEntry(seq);
+    if (dispatchEntryIt != connection->waitQueue.end()) {
+        dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
+        connection->waitQueue.erase(dispatchEntryIt);
+        const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
+        mAnrTracker.erase(dispatchEntry->timeoutTime, connectionToken);
+        if (!connection->responsive) {
+            connection->responsive = isConnectionResponsive(*connection);
+            if (connection->responsive) {
+                // The connection was unresponsive, and now it's responsive.
+                processConnectionResponsiveLocked(*connection);
+            }
+        }
+        traceWaitQueueLength(*connection);
+        if (restartEvent && connection->status == Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
+            connection->outboundQueue.push_front(dispatchEntry);
+            traceOutboundQueueLength(*connection);
+        } else {
+            releaseDispatchEntry(dispatchEntry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Start the next dispatch cycle for this connection.
+    startDispatchCycleLocked(now(), connection);
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onDispatchCycleBrokenLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                                  const sp<Connection>& connection) {
-    ALOGE("channel '%s' ~ Channel is unrecoverably broken and will be disposed!",
-          connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
-
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyInputChannelBrokenLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->connection = connection;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+void InputDispatcher::sendFocusChangedCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& oldToken,
+                                                    const sp<IBinder>& newToken) {
+    auto command = [this, oldToken, newToken]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyFocusChanged(oldToken, newToken);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::notifyFocusChangedLocked(const sp<IBinder>& oldToken,
-                                               const sp<IBinder>& newToken) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyFocusChangedLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->oldToken = oldToken;
-    commandEntry->newToken = newToken;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+void InputDispatcher::sendDropWindowCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token, float x, float y) {
+    auto command = [this, token, x, y]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyDropWindow(token, x, y);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::notifyDropWindowLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token, float x, float y) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry =
-            std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(&InputDispatcher::doNotifyDropWindowLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->newToken = token;
-    commandEntry->x = x;
-    commandEntry->y = y;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+void InputDispatcher::sendUntrustedTouchCommandLocked(const std::string& obscuringPackage) {
+    auto command = [this, obscuringPackage]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyUntrustedTouch(obscuringPackage);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::onAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) {
@@ -5596,17 +5764,11 @@
             StringPrintf("%s does not have a focused window", application->getName().c_str());
     updateLastAnrStateLocked(*application, reason);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyNoFocusedWindowAnrLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->inputApplicationHandle = std::move(application);
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::onUntrustedTouchLocked(const std::string& obscuringPackage) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyUntrustedTouchLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->obscuringPackage = obscuringPackage;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+    auto command = [this, application = std::move(application)]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyNoFocusedWindowAnr(application);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::updateLastAnrStateLocked(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& window,
@@ -5637,109 +5799,24 @@
     dumpDispatchStateLocked(mLastAnrState);
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyConfigurationChangedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->notifyConfigurationChanged(commandEntry->eventTime);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyInputChannelBrokenLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    sp<Connection> connection = commandEntry->connection;
-
-    if (connection->status != Connection::STATUS_ZOMBIE) {
-        mLock.unlock();
-
-        mPolicy->notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
-
-        mLock.lock();
-    }
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyFocusChangedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    sp<IBinder> oldToken = commandEntry->oldToken;
-    sp<IBinder> newToken = commandEntry->newToken;
-    mLock.unlock();
-    mPolicy->notifyFocusChanged(oldToken, newToken);
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyDropWindowLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    sp<IBinder> newToken = commandEntry->newToken;
-    mLock.unlock();
-    mPolicy->notifyDropWindow(newToken, commandEntry->x, commandEntry->y);
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyNoFocusedWindowAnrLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->notifyNoFocusedWindowAnr(commandEntry->inputApplicationHandle);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyWindowUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->notifyWindowUnresponsive(commandEntry->connectionToken, commandEntry->reason);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyMonitorUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->notifyMonitorUnresponsive(commandEntry->pid, commandEntry->reason);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyWindowResponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->notifyWindowResponsive(commandEntry->connectionToken);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyMonitorResponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->notifyMonitorResponsive(commandEntry->pid);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doNotifyUntrustedTouchLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->notifyUntrustedTouch(commandEntry->obscuringPackage);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingLockedInterruptible(
-        CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    KeyEntry& entry = *(commandEntry->keyEntry);
-    KeyEvent event = createKeyEvent(entry);
-
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    android::base::Timer t;
-    const sp<IBinder>& token = commandEntry->connectionToken;
-    nsecs_t delay = mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(token, &event, entry.policyFlags);
-    if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
-        ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeDispatching; took %s ms",
-              std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
-    }
-
-    mLock.lock();
+void InputDispatcher::doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingCommand(const sp<IBinder>& focusedWindowToken,
+                                                             KeyEntry& entry) {
+    const KeyEvent event = createKeyEvent(entry);
+    nsecs_t delay = 0;
+    { // release lock
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        android::base::Timer t;
+        delay = mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(focusedWindowToken, &event,
+                                                       entry.policyFlags);
+        if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
+            ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeDispatching; took %s ms",
+                  std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
+        }
+    } // acquire lock
 
     if (delay < 0) {
         entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_SKIP;
-    } else if (!delay) {
+    } else if (delay == 0) {
         entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_CONTINUE;
     } else {
         entry.interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::INTERCEPT_KEY_RESULT_TRY_AGAIN_LATER;
@@ -5747,122 +5824,37 @@
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::doOnPointerDownOutsideFocusLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-    mPolicy->onPointerDownOutsideFocus(commandEntry->newToken);
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
-/**
- * Connection is responsive if it has no events in the waitQueue that are older than the
- * current time.
- */
-static bool isConnectionResponsive(const Connection& connection) {
-    const nsecs_t currentTime = now();
-    for (const DispatchEntry* entry : connection.waitQueue) {
-        if (entry->timeoutTime < currentTime) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doDispatchCycleFinishedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    sp<Connection> connection = commandEntry->connection;
-    const nsecs_t finishTime = commandEntry->eventTime;
-    uint32_t seq = commandEntry->seq;
-    const bool handled = commandEntry->handled;
-
-    // Handle post-event policy actions.
-    std::deque<DispatchEntry*>::iterator dispatchEntryIt = connection->findWaitQueueEntry(seq);
-    if (dispatchEntryIt == connection->waitQueue.end()) {
-        return;
-    }
-    DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
-    const nsecs_t eventDuration = finishTime - dispatchEntry->deliveryTime;
-    if (eventDuration > SLOW_EVENT_PROCESSING_WARNING_TIMEOUT) {
-        ALOGI("%s spent %" PRId64 "ms processing %s", connection->getWindowName().c_str(),
-              ns2ms(eventDuration), dispatchEntry->eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
-    }
-    if (shouldReportFinishedEvent(*dispatchEntry, *connection)) {
-        mLatencyTracker.trackFinishedEvent(dispatchEntry->eventEntry->id,
-                                           connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
-                                           dispatchEntry->deliveryTime, commandEntry->consumeTime,
-                                           finishTime);
-    }
-
-    bool restartEvent;
-    if (dispatchEntry->eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
-        KeyEntry& keyEntry = static_cast<KeyEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry->eventEntry));
-        restartEvent =
-                afterKeyEventLockedInterruptible(connection, dispatchEntry, keyEntry, handled);
-    } else if (dispatchEntry->eventEntry->type == EventEntry::Type::MOTION) {
-        MotionEntry& motionEntry = static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*(dispatchEntry->eventEntry));
-        restartEvent = afterMotionEventLockedInterruptible(connection, dispatchEntry, motionEntry,
-                                                           handled);
-    } else {
-        restartEvent = false;
-    }
-
-    // Dequeue the event and start the next cycle.
-    // Because the lock might have been released, it is possible that the
-    // contents of the wait queue to have been drained, so we need to double-check
-    // a few things.
-    dispatchEntryIt = connection->findWaitQueueEntry(seq);
-    if (dispatchEntryIt != connection->waitQueue.end()) {
-        dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
-        connection->waitQueue.erase(dispatchEntryIt);
-        const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken = connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken();
-        mAnrTracker.erase(dispatchEntry->timeoutTime, connectionToken);
-        if (!connection->responsive) {
-            connection->responsive = isConnectionResponsive(*connection);
-            if (connection->responsive) {
-                // The connection was unresponsive, and now it's responsive.
-                processConnectionResponsiveLocked(*connection);
-            }
-        }
-        traceWaitQueueLength(*connection);
-        if (restartEvent && connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
-            connection->outboundQueue.push_front(dispatchEntry);
-            traceOutboundQueueLength(*connection);
-        } else {
-            releaseDispatchEntry(dispatchEntry);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Start the next dispatch cycle for this connection.
-    startDispatchCycleLocked(now(), connection);
-}
-
 void InputDispatcher::sendMonitorUnresponsiveCommandLocked(int32_t pid, std::string reason) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> monitorUnresponsiveCommand = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyMonitorUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible);
-    monitorUnresponsiveCommand->pid = pid;
-    monitorUnresponsiveCommand->reason = std::move(reason);
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(monitorUnresponsiveCommand));
+    auto command = [this, pid, reason = std::move(reason)]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyMonitorUnresponsive(pid, reason);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::sendWindowUnresponsiveCommandLocked(sp<IBinder> connectionToken,
+void InputDispatcher::sendWindowUnresponsiveCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token,
                                                           std::string reason) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> windowUnresponsiveCommand = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyWindowUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible);
-    windowUnresponsiveCommand->connectionToken = std::move(connectionToken);
-    windowUnresponsiveCommand->reason = std::move(reason);
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(windowUnresponsiveCommand));
+    auto command = [this, token, reason = std::move(reason)]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyWindowUnresponsive(token, reason);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::sendMonitorResponsiveCommandLocked(int32_t pid) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> monitorResponsiveCommand = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyMonitorResponsiveLockedInterruptible);
-    monitorResponsiveCommand->pid = pid;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(monitorResponsiveCommand));
+    auto command = [this, pid]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyMonitorResponsive(pid);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::sendWindowResponsiveCommandLocked(sp<IBinder> connectionToken) {
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> windowResponsiveCommand = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doNotifyWindowResponsiveLockedInterruptible);
-    windowResponsiveCommand->connectionToken = std::move(connectionToken);
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(windowResponsiveCommand));
+void InputDispatcher::sendWindowResponsiveCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken) {
+    auto command = [this, connectionToken]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->notifyWindowResponsive(connectionToken);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -5910,7 +5902,7 @@
     sendWindowResponsiveCommandLocked(connectionToken);
 }
 
-bool InputDispatcher::afterKeyEventLockedInterruptible(const sp<Connection>& connection,
+bool InputDispatcher::afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
                                                        DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
                                                        KeyEntry& keyEntry, bool handled) {
     if (keyEntry.flags & AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_FALLBACK) {
@@ -5935,11 +5927,12 @@
         // then cancel the associated fallback key, if any.
         if (fallbackKeyCode != -1) {
             // Dispatch the unhandled key to the policy with the cancel flag.
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-            ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Asking policy to cancel fallback action.  "
-                  "keyCode=%d, action=%d, repeatCount=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x",
-                  keyEntry.keyCode, keyEntry.action, keyEntry.repeatCount, keyEntry.policyFlags);
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Asking policy to cancel fallback action.  "
+                      "keyCode=%d, action=%d, repeatCount=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x",
+                      keyEntry.keyCode, keyEntry.action, keyEntry.repeatCount,
+                      keyEntry.policyFlags);
+            }
             KeyEvent event = createKeyEvent(keyEntry);
             event.setFlags(event.getFlags() | AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED);
 
@@ -5967,21 +5960,21 @@
         // Then ask the policy what to do with it.
         bool initialDown = keyEntry.action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN && keyEntry.repeatCount == 0;
         if (fallbackKeyCode == -1 && !initialDown) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-            ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Skipping unhandled key event processing "
-                  "since this is not an initial down.  "
-                  "keyCode=%d, action=%d, repeatCount=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x",
-                  originalKeyCode, keyEntry.action, keyEntry.repeatCount, keyEntry.policyFlags);
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Skipping unhandled key event processing "
+                      "since this is not an initial down.  "
+                      "keyCode=%d, action=%d, repeatCount=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x",
+                      originalKeyCode, keyEntry.action, keyEntry.repeatCount, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+            }
             return false;
         }
 
         // Dispatch the unhandled key to the policy.
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-        ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Asking policy to perform fallback action.  "
-              "keyCode=%d, action=%d, repeatCount=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x",
-              keyEntry.keyCode, keyEntry.action, keyEntry.repeatCount, keyEntry.policyFlags);
-#endif
+        if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+            ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Asking policy to perform fallback action.  "
+                  "keyCode=%d, action=%d, repeatCount=%d, policyFlags=0x%08x",
+                  keyEntry.keyCode, keyEntry.action, keyEntry.repeatCount, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+        }
         KeyEvent event = createKeyEvent(keyEntry);
 
         mLock.unlock();
@@ -5992,7 +5985,7 @@
 
         mLock.lock();
 
-        if (connection->status != Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
+        if (connection->status != Connection::Status::NORMAL) {
             connection->inputState.removeFallbackKey(originalKeyCode);
             return false;
         }
@@ -6015,19 +6008,19 @@
         // longer dispatch a fallback key to the application.
         if (fallbackKeyCode != AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN &&
             (!fallback || fallbackKeyCode != event.getKeyCode())) {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-            if (fallback) {
-                ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Policy requested to send key %d"
-                      "as a fallback for %d, but on the DOWN it had requested "
-                      "to send %d instead.  Fallback canceled.",
-                      event.getKeyCode(), originalKeyCode, fallbackKeyCode);
-            } else {
-                ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Policy did not request fallback for %d, "
-                      "but on the DOWN it had requested to send %d.  "
-                      "Fallback canceled.",
-                      originalKeyCode, fallbackKeyCode);
+            if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                if (fallback) {
+                    ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Policy requested to send key %d"
+                          "as a fallback for %d, but on the DOWN it had requested "
+                          "to send %d instead.  Fallback canceled.",
+                          event.getKeyCode(), originalKeyCode, fallbackKeyCode);
+                } else {
+                    ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Policy did not request fallback for %d, "
+                          "but on the DOWN it had requested to send %d.  "
+                          "Fallback canceled.",
+                          originalKeyCode, fallbackKeyCode);
+                }
             }
-#endif
 
             CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_FALLBACK_EVENTS,
                                        "canceling fallback, policy no longer desires it");
@@ -6041,18 +6034,18 @@
             }
         }
 
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-        {
-            std::string msg;
-            const KeyedVector<int32_t, int32_t>& fallbackKeys =
-                    connection->inputState.getFallbackKeys();
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < fallbackKeys.size(); i++) {
-                msg += StringPrintf(", %d->%d", fallbackKeys.keyAt(i), fallbackKeys.valueAt(i));
+        if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+            {
+                std::string msg;
+                const KeyedVector<int32_t, int32_t>& fallbackKeys =
+                        connection->inputState.getFallbackKeys();
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < fallbackKeys.size(); i++) {
+                    msg += StringPrintf(", %d->%d", fallbackKeys.keyAt(i), fallbackKeys.valueAt(i));
+                }
+                ALOGD("Unhandled key event: %zu currently tracked fallback keys%s.",
+                      fallbackKeys.size(), msg.c_str());
             }
-            ALOGD("Unhandled key event: %zu currently tracked fallback keys%s.",
-                  fallbackKeys.size(), msg.c_str());
         }
-#endif
 
         if (fallback) {
             // Restart the dispatch cycle using the fallback key.
@@ -6068,16 +6061,16 @@
             keyEntry.downTime = event.getDownTime();
             keyEntry.syntheticRepeat = false;
 
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-            ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Dispatching fallback key.  "
-                  "originalKeyCode=%d, fallbackKeyCode=%d, fallbackMetaState=%08x",
-                  originalKeyCode, fallbackKeyCode, keyEntry.metaState);
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                ALOGD("Unhandled key event: Dispatching fallback key.  "
+                      "originalKeyCode=%d, fallbackKeyCode=%d, fallbackMetaState=%08x",
+                      originalKeyCode, fallbackKeyCode, keyEntry.metaState);
+            }
             return true; // restart the event
         } else {
-#if DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS
-            ALOGD("Unhandled key event: No fallback key.");
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_OUTBOUND_EVENT_DETAILS) {
+                ALOGD("Unhandled key event: No fallback key.");
+            }
 
             // Report the key as unhandled, since there is no fallback key.
             mReporter->reportUnhandledKey(keyEntry.id);
@@ -6086,21 +6079,12 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-bool InputDispatcher::afterMotionEventLockedInterruptible(const sp<Connection>& connection,
+bool InputDispatcher::afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
                                                           DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry,
                                                           MotionEntry& motionEntry, bool handled) {
     return false;
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::doPokeUserActivityLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->pokeUserActivity(commandEntry->eventTime, commandEntry->userActivityEventType,
-                              commandEntry->displayId);
-
-    mLock.lock();
-}
-
 void InputDispatcher::traceInboundQueueLengthLocked() {
     if (ATRACE_ENABLED()) {
         ATRACE_INT("iq", mInboundQueue.size());
@@ -6212,7 +6196,7 @@
     disablePointerCaptureForcedLocked();
 
     if (mFocusedDisplayId == changes.displayId) {
-        notifyFocusChangedLocked(changes.oldFocus, changes.newFocus);
+        sendFocusChangedCommandLocked(changes.oldFocus, changes.newFocus);
     }
 }
 
@@ -6244,22 +6228,14 @@
     mInboundQueue.push_front(std::move(entry));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::setPointerCaptureLocked(bool enabled) {
-    mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable = enabled;
+void InputDispatcher::setPointerCaptureLocked(bool enable) {
+    mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.enable = enable;
     mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.seq++;
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry = std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(
-            &InputDispatcher::doSetPointerCaptureLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->pointerCaptureRequest = mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::doSetPointerCaptureLockedInterruptible(
-        android::inputdispatcher::CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
-    mLock.unlock();
-
-    mPolicy->setPointerCapture(commandEntry->pointerCaptureRequest);
-
-    mLock.lock();
+    auto command = [this, request = mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
+        mPolicy->setPointerCapture(request);
+    };
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::displayRemoved(int32_t displayId) {
@@ -6277,16 +6253,29 @@
     mLooper->wake();
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos) {
+void InputDispatcher::onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+                                           const std::vector<DisplayInfo>& displayInfos) {
     // The listener sends the windows as a flattened array. Separate the windows by display for
     // more convenient parsing.
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>> handlesPerDisplay;
-
     for (const auto& info : windowInfos) {
         handlesPerDisplay.emplace(info.displayId, std::vector<sp<WindowInfoHandle>>());
         handlesPerDisplay[info.displayId].push_back(new WindowInfoHandle(info));
     }
-    setInputWindows(handlesPerDisplay);
+
+    { // acquire lock
+        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+        mDisplayInfos.clear();
+        for (const auto& displayInfo : displayInfos) {
+            mDisplayInfos.emplace(displayInfo.displayId, displayInfo);
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& [displayId, handles] : handlesPerDisplay) {
+            setInputWindowsLocked(handles, displayId);
+        }
+    }
+    // Wake up poll loop since it may need to make new input dispatching choices.
+    mLooper->wake();
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::shouldDropInput(
@@ -6296,7 +6285,7 @@
          isWindowObscuredLocked(windowHandle))) {
         ALOGW("Dropping %s event targeting %s as requested by input feature %s on display "
               "%" PRId32 ".",
-              NamedEnum::string(entry.type).c_str(), windowHandle->getName().c_str(),
+              ftl::enum_string(entry.type).c_str(), windowHandle->getName().c_str(),
               windowHandle->getInfo()->inputFeatures.string().c_str(),
               windowHandle->getInfo()->displayId);
         return true;
@@ -6304,4 +6293,10 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+void InputDispatcher::DispatcherWindowListener::onWindowInfosChanged(
+        const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+        const std::vector<DisplayInfo>& displayInfos) {
+    mDispatcher.onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos);
+}
+
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index 04913d4..8a551cf 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
 #include <utils/Looper.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <utils/threads.h>
 #include <condition_variable>
@@ -81,12 +80,12 @@
  *
  *     A 'LockedInterruptible' method may called a 'Locked' method, but NOT vice-versa.
  */
-class InputDispatcher : public android::InputDispatcherInterface, public gui::WindowInfosListener {
-protected:
-    ~InputDispatcher() override;
-
+class InputDispatcher : public android::InputDispatcherInterface {
 public:
+    static constexpr bool kDefaultInTouchMode = true;
+
     explicit InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy);
+    ~InputDispatcher() override;
 
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
     void monitor() override;
@@ -143,7 +142,9 @@
 
     void displayRemoved(int32_t displayId) override;
 
-    void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos) override;
+    // Public because it's also used by tests to simulate the WindowInfosListener callback
+    void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<android::gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+                              const std::vector<android::gui::DisplayInfo>& displayInfos);
 
 private:
     enum class DropReason {
@@ -171,7 +172,26 @@
     std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> mPendingEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::deque<std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>> mInboundQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::deque<std::shared_ptr<EventEntry>> mRecentQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    std::deque<std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry>> mCommandQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+    // A command entry captures state and behavior for an action to be performed in the
+    // dispatch loop after the initial processing has taken place.  It is essentially
+    // a kind of continuation used to postpone sensitive policy interactions to a point
+    // in the dispatch loop where it is safe to release the lock (generally after finishing
+    // the critical parts of the dispatch cycle).
+    //
+    // The special thing about commands is that they can voluntarily release and reacquire
+    // the dispatcher lock at will.  Initially when the command starts running, the
+    // dispatcher lock is held.  However, if the command needs to call into the policy to
+    // do some work, it can release the lock, do the work, then reacquire the lock again
+    // before returning.
+    //
+    // This mechanism is a bit clunky but it helps to preserve the invariant that the dispatch
+    // never calls into the policy while holding its lock.
+    //
+    // Commands are called with the lock held, but they can release and re-acquire the lock from
+    // within.
+    using Command = std::function<void()>;
+    std::deque<Command> mCommandQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     DropReason mLastDropReason GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
@@ -215,7 +235,6 @@
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x,
                                                                  int32_t y, TouchState* touchState,
                                                                  bool addOutsideTargets = false,
-                                                                 bool addPortalWindows = false,
                                                                  bool ignoreDragWindow = false)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
@@ -261,6 +280,7 @@
     bool hasInjectionPermission(int32_t injectorPid, int32_t injectorUid);
     void setInjectionResult(EventEntry& entry,
                             android::os::InputEventInjectionResult injectionResult);
+    void transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(MotionEntry&) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     std::condition_variable mInjectionSyncFinished;
     void incrementPendingForegroundDispatches(EventEntry& entry);
@@ -296,8 +316,8 @@
 
     // Deferred command processing.
     bool haveCommandsLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
-    bool runCommandsLockedInterruptible() REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void postCommandLocked(std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    bool runCommandsLockedInterruptable() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void postCommandLocked(Command&& command) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     nsecs_t processAnrsLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
     std::chrono::nanoseconds getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -319,8 +339,22 @@
     float mMaximumObscuringOpacityForTouch GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     android::os::BlockUntrustedTouchesMode mBlockUntrustedTouchesMode GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>>>
+    class DispatcherWindowListener : public gui::WindowInfosListener {
+    public:
+        explicit DispatcherWindowListener(InputDispatcher& dispatcher) : mDispatcher(dispatcher){};
+        void onWindowInfosChanged(
+                const std::vector<android::gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+                const std::vector<android::gui::DisplayInfo>& displayInfos) override;
+
+    private:
+        InputDispatcher& mDispatcher;
+    };
+    sp<gui::WindowInfosListener> mWindowInfoListener;
+
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t /*displayId*/, std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>>>
             mWindowHandlesByDisplay GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t /*displayId*/, android::gui::DisplayInfo> mDisplayInfos
+            GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     void setInputWindowsLocked(
             const std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>>& inputWindowHandles,
             int32_t displayId) REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -343,6 +377,12 @@
     bool hasResponsiveConnectionLocked(android::gui::WindowInfoHandle& windowHandle) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
+    // Gets all the input targets (with their respective input channels) from the window handles
+    // passed as argument.
+    std::vector<InputTarget> getInputTargetsFromWindowHandlesLocked(
+            const std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>>& windowHandles) const
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
+
     /*
      * Validate and update InputWindowHandles for a given display.
      */
@@ -405,9 +445,12 @@
     void dispatchPointerCaptureChangedLocked(
             nsecs_t currentTime, const std::shared_ptr<PointerCaptureChangedEntry>& entry,
             DropReason& dropReason) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void dispatchTouchModeChangeLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                       const std::shared_ptr<TouchModeEntry>& entry)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
     void dispatchEventLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, std::shared_ptr<EventEntry> entry,
                              const std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void dispatchSensorLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, std::shared_ptr<SensorEntry> entry,
+    void dispatchSensorLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const std::shared_ptr<SensorEntry>& entry,
                               DropReason* dropReason, nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void dispatchDragLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, std::shared_ptr<DragEntry> entry) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void logOutboundKeyDetails(const char* prefix, const KeyEntry& entry);
@@ -454,24 +497,11 @@
      */
     void processConnectionResponsiveLocked(const Connection& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    /**
-     * Post `doNotifyMonitorUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible` command.
-     */
     void sendMonitorUnresponsiveCommandLocked(int32_t pid, std::string reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    /**
-     * Post `doNotifyWindowUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible` command.
-     */
-    void sendWindowUnresponsiveCommandLocked(sp<IBinder> connectionToken, std::string reason)
+    void sendWindowUnresponsiveCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken, std::string reason)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    /**
-     * Post `doNotifyMonitorResponsiveLockedInterruptible` command.
-     */
     void sendMonitorResponsiveCommandLocked(int32_t pid) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    /**
-     * Post `doNotifyWindowResponsiveLockedInterruptible` command.
-     */
-    void sendWindowResponsiveCommandLocked(sp<IBinder> connectionToken) REQUIRES(mLock);
-
+    void sendWindowResponsiveCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Optimization: AnrTracker is used to quickly find which connection is due for a timeout next.
     // AnrTracker must be kept in-sync with all responsive connection.waitQueues.
@@ -499,20 +529,16 @@
     android::os::InputEventInjectionResult findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(
             nsecs_t currentTime, const MotionEntry& entry, std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets,
             nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime, bool* outConflictingPointerActions) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    std::vector<TouchedMonitor> findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(
-            int32_t displayId,
-            const std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>>& portalWindows) const
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
-    std::vector<TouchedMonitor> selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
-            const std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& gestureMonitors) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    std::vector<Monitor> selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
+            const std::vector<Monitor>& gestureMonitors) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     void addWindowTargetLocked(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
                                int32_t targetFlags, BitSet32 pointerIds,
                                std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void addMonitoringTargetLocked(const Monitor& monitor, float xOffset, float yOffset,
+    void addMonitoringTargetLocked(const Monitor& monitor, int32_t displayId,
                                    std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void addGlobalMonitoringTargetsLocked(std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets, int32_t displayId,
-                                          float xOffset = 0, float yOffset = 0) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void addGlobalMonitoringTargetsLocked(std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets, int32_t displayId)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
     void pokeUserActivityLocked(const EventEntry& eventEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool checkInjectionPermission(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
                                   const InjectionState* injectionState);
@@ -611,53 +637,30 @@
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Interesting events that we might like to log or tell the framework about.
-    void onDispatchCycleFinishedLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
-                                       uint32_t seq, bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime)
+    void doDispatchCycleFinishedCommand(nsecs_t finishTime, const sp<Connection>& connection,
+                                        uint32_t seq, bool handled, nsecs_t consumeTime)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void onDispatchCycleBrokenLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<Connection>& connection)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingCommand(const sp<IBinder>& focusedWindowToken,
+                                                KeyEntry& entry) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void onFocusChangedLocked(const FocusResolver::FocusChanges& changes) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void notifyFocusChangedLocked(const sp<IBinder>& oldFocus, const sp<IBinder>& newFocus)
+    void sendFocusChangedCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& oldToken, const sp<IBinder>& newToken)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void notifyDropWindowLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token, float x, float y) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void sendDropWindowCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token, float x, float y) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void sendUntrustedTouchCommandLocked(const std::string& obscuringPackage) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void onAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void onAnrLocked(std::shared_ptr<InputApplicationHandle> application) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void onUntrustedTouchLocked(const std::string& obscuringPackage) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& window,
                                   const std::string& reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const InputApplicationHandle& application,
                                   const std::string& reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
     void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const std::string& windowLabel, const std::string& reason)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-
-    // Outbound policy interactions.
-    void doNotifyConfigurationChangedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyInputChannelBrokenLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyFocusChangedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyDropWindowLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-
-    // ANR-related callbacks - start
-    void doNotifyNoFocusedWindowAnrLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyWindowUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyMonitorUnresponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyWindowResponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyMonitorResponsiveLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    // ANR-related callbacks - end
-    void doNotifySensorLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doNotifyUntrustedTouchLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doDispatchCycleFinishedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doSetPointerCaptureLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    bool afterKeyEventLockedInterruptible(const sp<Connection>& connection,
+    bool afterKeyEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
                                           DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry, KeyEntry& keyEntry,
                                           bool handled) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    bool afterMotionEventLockedInterruptible(const sp<Connection>& connection,
+    bool afterMotionEventLockedInterruptable(const sp<Connection>& connection,
                                              DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry, MotionEntry& motionEntry,
                                              bool handled) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doPokeUserActivityLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void doOnPointerDownOutsideFocusLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Find touched state and touched window by token.
     std::pair<TouchState*, TouchedWindow*> findTouchStateAndWindowLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token)
@@ -672,8 +675,6 @@
 
     sp<InputReporterInterface> mReporter;
     sp<com::android::internal::compat::IPlatformCompatNative> mCompatService;
-
-    void onFirstRef() override;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
index 8d7fa75..bca1600 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-sp<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
+std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
         const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy) {
-    return new android::inputdispatcher::InputDispatcher(policy);
+    return std::make_unique<android::inputdispatcher::InputDispatcher>(policy);
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
index 7c463c8..0725389 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputTarget.h
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
 
@@ -101,11 +100,8 @@
     // (ignored for KeyEvents)
     float globalScaleFactor = 1.0f;
 
-    // Current display orientation
-    uint32_t displayOrientation = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
-
-    // Display-size in its natural rotation. Used for compatibility transform of raw coordinates.
-    int2 displaySize = {INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE};
+    // Current display transform. Used for compatibility for raw coordinates.
+    ui::Transform displayTransform;
 
     // The subset of pointer ids to include in motion events dispatched to this input target
     // if FLAG_SPLIT is set.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp
index bbce759..43a82d5 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.cpp
@@ -22,8 +22,4 @@
 Monitor::Monitor(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& inputChannel, int32_t pid)
       : inputChannel(inputChannel), pid(pid) {}
 
-// --- TouchedMonitor ---
-TouchedMonitor::TouchedMonitor(const Monitor& monitor, float xOffset, float yOffset)
-      : monitor(monitor), xOffset(xOffset), yOffset(yOffset) {}
-
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h
index 7be0760..365d5be 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Monitor.h
@@ -29,15 +29,6 @@
     explicit Monitor(const std::shared_ptr<InputChannel>& inputChannel, int32_t pid);
 };
 
-// For tracking the offsets we need to apply when adding gesture monitor targets.
-struct TouchedMonitor {
-    Monitor monitor;
-    float xOffset = 0.f;
-    float yOffset = 0.f;
-
-    explicit TouchedMonitor(const Monitor& monitor, float xOffset, float yOffset);
-};
-
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
 
 #endif // _UI_INPUT_INPUTDISPATCHER_MONITOR_H
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
index 20b6ead..759b3e7 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
     source = 0;
     displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE;
     windows.clear();
-    portalWindows.clear();
     gestureMonitors.clear();
 }
 
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@
     source = other.source;
     displayId = other.displayId;
     windows = other.windows;
-    portalWindows = other.portalWindows;
     gestureMonitors = other.gestureMonitors;
 }
 
@@ -77,17 +75,7 @@
     windows.push_back(touchedWindow);
 }
 
-void TouchState::addPortalWindow(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) {
-    size_t numWindows = portalWindows.size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numWindows; i++) {
-        if (portalWindows[i] == windowHandle) {
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    portalWindows.push_back(windowHandle);
-}
-
-void TouchState::addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& newMonitors) {
+void TouchState::addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<Monitor>& newMonitors) {
     const size_t newSize = gestureMonitors.size() + newMonitors.size();
     gestureMonitors.reserve(newSize);
     gestureMonitors.insert(std::end(gestureMonitors), std::begin(newMonitors),
@@ -119,7 +107,6 @@
 
 void TouchState::filterNonMonitors() {
     windows.clear();
-    portalWindows.clear();
 }
 
 sp<WindowInfoHandle> TouchState::getFirstForegroundWindowHandle() const {
@@ -147,4 +134,14 @@
     return haveSlipperyForegroundWindow;
 }
 
+sp<WindowInfoHandle> TouchState::getWallpaperWindow() const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < windows.size(); i++) {
+        const TouchedWindow& window = windows[i];
+        if (window.windowHandle->getInfo()->type == WindowInfo::Type::WALLPAPER) {
+            return window.windowHandle;
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
index a4e52b0..4a62051 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
@@ -36,12 +36,7 @@
     int32_t displayId; // id to the display that currently has a touch, others are rejected
     std::vector<TouchedWindow> windows;
 
-    // This collects the portal windows that the touch has gone through. Each portal window
-    // targets a display (embedded display for most cases). With this info, we can add the
-    // monitoring channels of the displays touched.
-    std::vector<sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>> portalWindows;
-
-    std::vector<TouchedMonitor> gestureMonitors;
+    std::vector<Monitor> gestureMonitors;
 
     TouchState();
     ~TouchState();
@@ -50,12 +45,13 @@
     void addOrUpdateWindow(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle,
                            int32_t targetFlags, BitSet32 pointerIds);
     void addPortalWindow(const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle);
-    void addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& monitors);
+    void addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors);
     void removeWindowByToken(const sp<IBinder>& token);
     void filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
     void filterNonMonitors();
     sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> getFirstForegroundWindowHandle() const;
     bool isSlippery() const;
+    sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> getWallpaperWindow() const;
 };
 
 } // namespace inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
index a359557..38d0c32 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _UI_INPUT_INPUTDISPATCHER_INPUTDISPATCHERFACTORY_H
 #define _UI_INPUT_INPUTDISPATCHER_INPUTDISPATCHERFACTORY_H
 
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
 #include "InputDispatcherInterface.h"
 #include "InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h"
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 // This factory method is used to encapsulate implementation details in internal header files.
-sp<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
+std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
         const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy);
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
index a7dccf0..714e7a0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
@@ -33,12 +33,10 @@
 
 /* Notifies the system about input events generated by the input reader.
  * The dispatcher is expected to be mostly asynchronous. */
-class InputDispatcherInterface : public virtual RefBase, public InputListenerInterface {
-protected:
+class InputDispatcherInterface : public InputListenerInterface {
+public:
     InputDispatcherInterface() {}
     virtual ~InputDispatcherInterface() {}
-
-public:
     /* Dumps the state of the input dispatcher.
      *
      * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager). */
@@ -202,6 +200,7 @@
      * InputDispatcher is the source of truth of Pointer Capture.
      */
     virtual void requestPointerCapture(const sp<IBinder>& windowToken, bool enabled) = 0;
+
     /* Flush input device motion sensor.
      *
      * Returns true on success.
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputListener.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputListener.h
index fe74214..db63104 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputListener.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputListener.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <input/InputDevice.h>
 #include <input/TouchVideoFrame.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@
 
     virtual ~NotifyArgs() { }
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const = 0;
+    virtual void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const = 0;
 };
 
 
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@
 
     virtual ~NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs() { }
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@
 
     virtual ~NotifyKeyArgs() { }
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@
 
     bool operator==(const NotifyMotionArgs& rhs) const;
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 /* Describes a sensor event. */
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@
 
     ~NotifySensorArgs() override {}
 
-    void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const override;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 /* Describes a switch event. */
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@
 
     virtual ~NotifySwitchArgs() { }
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@
 
     virtual ~NotifyDeviceResetArgs() { }
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 /* Describes a change in the state of Pointer Capture. */
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@
 
     virtual ~NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs() {}
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 /* Describes a vibrator state event. */
@@ -242,18 +241,19 @@
 
     virtual ~NotifyVibratorStateArgs() {}
 
-    virtual void notify(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) const;
+    void notify(InputListenerInterface& listener) const override;
 };
 
 /*
  * The interface used by the InputReader to notify the InputListener about input events.
  */
-class InputListenerInterface : public virtual RefBase {
-protected:
+class InputListenerInterface {
+public:
     InputListenerInterface() { }
+    InputListenerInterface(const InputListenerInterface&) = delete;
+    InputListenerInterface& operator=(const InputListenerInterface&) = delete;
     virtual ~InputListenerInterface() { }
 
-public:
     virtual void notifyConfigurationChanged(const NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* args) = 0;
     virtual void notifyKey(const NotifyKeyArgs* args) = 0;
     virtual void notifyMotion(const NotifyMotionArgs* args) = 0;
@@ -264,17 +264,15 @@
     virtual void notifyPointerCaptureChanged(const NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs* args) = 0;
 };
 
-
 /*
  * An implementation of the listener interface that queues up and defers dispatch
  * of decoded events until flushed.
  */
 class QueuedInputListener : public InputListenerInterface {
-protected:
-    virtual ~QueuedInputListener();
 
 public:
-    explicit QueuedInputListener(const sp<InputListenerInterface>& innerListener);
+    explicit QueuedInputListener(InputListenerInterface& innerListener);
+    virtual ~QueuedInputListener();
 
     virtual void notifyConfigurationChanged(const NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* args) override;
     virtual void notifyKey(const NotifyKeyArgs* args) override;
@@ -288,7 +286,7 @@
     void flush();
 
 private:
-    sp<InputListenerInterface> mInnerListener;
+    InputListenerInterface& mInnerListener;
     std::vector<NotifyArgs*> mArgsQueue;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
index 3c8ac1c..1aab856 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderBase.h
@@ -51,12 +51,11 @@
  * The implementation must guarantee thread safety for this interface. However, since the input
  * listener is NOT thread safe, all calls to the listener must happen from the same thread.
  */
-class InputReaderInterface : public virtual RefBase {
-protected:
+class InputReaderInterface {
+public:
     InputReaderInterface() { }
     virtual ~InputReaderInterface() { }
 
-public:
     /* Dumps the state of the input reader.
      *
      * This method may be called on any thread (usually by the input manager). */
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderFactory.h b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderFactory.h
index 9db6233..dad14d6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderFactory.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/InputReaderFactory.h
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@
 class InputReaderPolicyInterface;
 class InputListenerInterface;
 
-sp<InputReaderInterface> createInputReader(
-        const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy,
-        const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener);
+std::unique_ptr<InputReaderInterface> createInputReader(
+        const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy, InputListenerInterface& listener);
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/include/PointerControllerInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/include/PointerControllerInterface.h
index 85d7247..db4228d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/include/PointerControllerInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/include/PointerControllerInterface.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <input/DisplayViewport.h>
 #include <input/Input.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -31,7 +30,8 @@
  * fingers
  *
  * The pointer controller is responsible for providing synchronization and for tracking
- * display orientation changes if needed.
+ * display orientation changes if needed. It works in the display panel's coordinate space, which
+ * is the same coordinate space used by InputReader.
  */
 class PointerControllerInterface {
 protected:
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
index ee7b392..51546ce 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/Android.bp
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@
         "libstatslog",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
-        "InputFlingerProperties",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libc++fs",
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@
     name: "libinputreader",
     defaults: [
         "inputflinger_defaults",
-        "libinputreader_defaults"
+        "libinputreader_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "InputReaderFactory.cpp",
@@ -100,6 +99,6 @@
         "libinputreader_headers",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "libc++fs"
+        "libc++fs",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
index 68d5e7c..d10f8b6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/EventHub.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <input/KeyCharacterMap.h>
 #include <input/KeyLayoutMap.h>
 #include <input/VirtualKeyMap.h>
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@
  */
 static std::vector<std::filesystem::path> findSysfsNodes(const std::filesystem::path& sysfsRoot,
                                                          SysfsClass clazz) {
-    std::string nodeStr = NamedEnum::string(clazz);
+    std::string nodeStr = ftl::enum_string(clazz);
     std::for_each(nodeStr.begin(), nodeStr.end(),
                   [](char& c) { c = std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)); });
     std::vector<std::filesystem::path> nodes;
@@ -1209,6 +1210,15 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+bool EventHub::hasKeyCode(int32_t deviceId, int32_t keyCode) const {
+    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+    Device* device = getDeviceLocked(deviceId);
+    if (device != nullptr) {
+        return device->hasKeycodeLocked(keyCode);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool EventHub::hasLed(int32_t deviceId, int32_t led) const {
     std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
     Device* device = getDeviceLocked(deviceId);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
index 1e9ec54..d07be3b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputDevice.cpp
@@ -559,7 +559,13 @@
 }
 
 void InputDevice::updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode) {
-    for_each_mapper([keyCode](InputMapper& mapper) { mapper.updateMetaState(keyCode); });
+    first_in_mappers<bool>([keyCode](InputMapper& mapper) {
+        if (sourcesMatchMask(mapper.getSources(), AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD) &&
+            mapper.updateMetaState(keyCode)) {
+            return std::make_optional(true);
+        }
+        return std::optional<bool>();
+    });
 }
 
 void InputDevice::bumpGeneration() {
@@ -568,7 +574,7 @@
 
 void InputDevice::notifyReset(nsecs_t when) {
     NotifyDeviceResetArgs args(mContext->getNextId(), when, mId);
-    mContext->getListener()->notifyDeviceReset(&args);
+    mContext->getListener().notifyDeviceReset(&args);
 }
 
 std::optional<int32_t> InputDevice::getAssociatedDisplayId() {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
index 5120860..0b632f7 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReader.cpp
@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@
 
 InputReader::InputReader(std::shared_ptr<EventHubInterface> eventHub,
                          const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy,
-                         const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener)
+                         InputListenerInterface& listener)
       : mContext(this),
         mEventHub(eventHub),
         mPolicy(policy),
+        mQueuedListener(listener),
         mGlobalMetaState(0),
         mLedMetaState(AMETA_NUM_LOCK_ON),
         mGeneration(1),
@@ -53,14 +54,8 @@
         mDisableVirtualKeysTimeout(LLONG_MIN),
         mNextTimeout(LLONG_MAX),
         mConfigurationChangesToRefresh(0) {
-    mQueuedListener = new QueuedInputListener(listener);
-
-    { // acquire lock
-        std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
-
-        refreshConfigurationLocked(0);
-        updateGlobalMetaStateLocked();
-    } // release lock
+    refreshConfigurationLocked(0);
+    updateGlobalMetaStateLocked();
 }
 
 InputReader::~InputReader() {}
@@ -144,7 +139,7 @@
     // resulting in a deadlock.  This situation is actually quite plausible because the
     // listener is actually the input dispatcher, which calls into the window manager,
     // which occasionally calls into the input reader.
-    mQueuedListener->flush();
+    mQueuedListener.flush();
 }
 
 void InputReader::processEventsLocked(const RawEvent* rawEvents, size_t count) {
@@ -340,7 +335,7 @@
 
     // Enqueue configuration changed.
     NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs args(mContext.getNextId(), when);
-    mQueuedListener->notifyConfigurationChanged(&args);
+    mQueuedListener.notifyConfigurationChanged(&args);
 }
 
 void InputReader::refreshConfigurationLocked(uint32_t changes) {
@@ -374,7 +369,7 @@
             mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest = mConfig.pointerCaptureRequest;
             const NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs args(mContext.getNextId(), now,
                                                        mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest);
-            mQueuedListener->notifyPointerCaptureChanged(&args);
+            mQueuedListener.notifyPointerCaptureChanged(&args);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -561,6 +556,7 @@
     }
 
     if (device->isIgnored()) {
+        ALOGW("Ignoring toggleCapsLock for ignored deviceId %" PRId32 ".", deviceId);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -951,8 +947,8 @@
     return mReader->mPolicy.get();
 }
 
-InputListenerInterface* InputReader::ContextImpl::getListener() {
-    return mReader->mQueuedListener.get();
+InputListenerInterface& InputReader::ContextImpl::getListener() {
+    return mReader->mQueuedListener;
 }
 
 EventHubInterface* InputReader::ContextImpl::getEventHub() {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReaderFactory.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReaderFactory.cpp
index a897141..2d9ffc3 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReaderFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/InputReaderFactory.cpp
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-sp<InputReaderInterface> createInputReader(const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy,
-                                           const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener) {
-    return new InputReader(std::make_unique<EventHub>(), policy, listener);
+std::unique_ptr<InputReaderInterface> createInputReader(
+        const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy, InputListenerInterface& listener) {
+    return std::make_unique<InputReader>(std::make_unique<EventHub>(), policy, listener);
 }
 
 } // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/Macros.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/Macros.h
index 827e31a..0dfe7f1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/Macros.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/Macros.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #define DEBUG_VIRTUAL_KEYS 0
 
 // Log debug messages about pointers.
-#define DEBUG_POINTERS 0
+static constexpr bool DEBUG_POINTERS = false;
 
 // Log debug messages about pointer assignment calculations.
 #define DEBUG_POINTER_ASSIGNMENT 0
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/controller/PeripheralController.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/controller/PeripheralController.cpp
index 9c8a29a..a693496 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/controller/PeripheralController.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/controller/PeripheralController.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 #include <locale>
 #include <regex>
 
-#include "../Macros.h"
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
+#include "../Macros.h"
 #include "PeripheralController.h"
 
 // Log detailed debug messages about input device lights.
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
         for (const auto& [lightId, light] : mLights) {
             dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Id: %d", lightId);
             dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Name: %s", light->name.c_str());
-            dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Type: %s", NamedEnum::string(light->type).c_str());
+            dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "Type: %s", ftl::enum_string(light->type).c_str());
             light->dump(dump);
         }
     }
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
     auto& light = it->second;
     if (DEBUG_LIGHT_DETAILS) {
         ALOGD("setLightColor lightId %d type %s color 0x%x", lightId,
-              NamedEnum::string(light->type).c_str(), color);
+              ftl::enum_string(light->type).c_str(), color);
     }
     return light->setLightColor(color);
 }
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
     std::optional<int32_t> color = light->getLightColor();
     if (DEBUG_LIGHT_DETAILS) {
         ALOGD("getLightColor lightId %d type %s color 0x%x", lightId,
-              NamedEnum::string(light->type).c_str(), color.value_or(0));
+              ftl::enum_string(light->type).c_str(), color.value_or(0));
     }
     return color;
 }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
index 3c3f88e..1f96294 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/EventHub.h
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@
 enum class SysfsClass : uint32_t {
     POWER_SUPPLY = 0,
     LEDS = 1,
+
+    ftl_last = LEDS
 };
 
 enum class LightColor : uint32_t {
@@ -312,6 +314,7 @@
                                        uint8_t* outFlags) const = 0;
 
     virtual bool hasScanCode(int32_t deviceId, int32_t scanCode) const = 0;
+    virtual bool hasKeyCode(int32_t deviceId, int32_t keyCode) const = 0;
 
     /* LED related functions expect Android LED constants, not scan codes or HID usages */
     virtual bool hasLed(int32_t deviceId, int32_t led) const = 0;
@@ -489,6 +492,7 @@
     std::vector<TouchVideoFrame> getVideoFrames(int32_t deviceId) override final;
 
     bool hasScanCode(int32_t deviceId, int32_t scanCode) const override final;
+    bool hasKeyCode(int32_t deviceId, int32_t keyCode) const override final;
     bool hasLed(int32_t deviceId, int32_t led) const override final;
     void setLedState(int32_t deviceId, int32_t led, bool on) override final;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
index f32472d..518aaa0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputDevice.h
@@ -323,6 +323,7 @@
     inline bool hasScanCode(int32_t scanCode) const {
         return mEventHub->hasScanCode(mId, scanCode);
     }
+    inline bool hasKeyCode(int32_t keyCode) const { return mEventHub->hasKeyCode(mId, keyCode); }
     inline bool hasLed(int32_t led) const { return mEventHub->hasLed(mId, led); }
     inline void setLedState(int32_t led, bool on) { return mEventHub->setLedState(mId, led, on); }
     inline void getVirtualKeyDefinitions(std::vector<VirtualKeyDefinition>& outVirtualKeys) const {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
index e44aa0f..fb1d166 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReader.h
@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@
 class InputReader : public InputReaderInterface {
 public:
     InputReader(std::shared_ptr<EventHubInterface> eventHub,
-                const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy,
-                const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener);
+                const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy, InputListenerInterface& listener);
     virtual ~InputReader();
 
     void dump(std::string& dump) override;
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@
         void dispatchExternalStylusState(const StylusState& outState)
                 REQUIRES(mReader->mLock) override;
         InputReaderPolicyInterface* getPolicy() REQUIRES(mReader->mLock) override;
-        InputListenerInterface* getListener() REQUIRES(mReader->mLock) override;
+        InputListenerInterface& getListener() REQUIRES(mReader->mLock) override;
         EventHubInterface* getEventHub() REQUIRES(mReader->mLock) override;
         int32_t getNextId() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS override;
         void updateLedMetaState(int32_t metaState) REQUIRES(mReader->mLock) override;
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@
     // in parallel to passing it to the InputReader.
     std::shared_ptr<EventHubInterface> mEventHub;
     sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface> mPolicy;
-    sp<QueuedInputListener> mQueuedListener;
+    QueuedInputListener mQueuedListener;
 
     InputReaderConfiguration mConfig GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReaderContext.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReaderContext.h
index dc807f7..823d160 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReaderContext.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/include/InputReaderContext.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     virtual void dispatchExternalStylusState(const StylusState& outState) = 0;
 
     virtual InputReaderPolicyInterface* getPolicy() = 0;
-    virtual InputListenerInterface* getListener() = 0;
+    virtual InputListenerInterface& getListener() = 0;
     virtual EventHubInterface* getEventHub() = 0;
 
     virtual int32_t getNextId() = 0;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
index 2ac41b1..fcb56ef 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
         bumpGeneration();
         if (changes) {
             NotifyDeviceResetArgs args(getContext()->getNextId(), when, getDeviceId());
-            getListener()->notifyDeviceReset(&args);
+            getListener().notifyDeviceReset(&args);
         }
     }
 
@@ -188,33 +188,19 @@
 
     if (!changes || (changes & InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO)) {
         mOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
-        mDisplayWidth = 0;
-        mDisplayHeight = 0;
         const bool isOrientedDevice =
                 (mParameters.orientationAware && mParameters.hasAssociatedDisplay);
 
-        if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) {
-            // When per-window input rotation is enabled, InputReader works in the un-rotated
-            // coordinate space, so we don't need to do anything if the device is already
-            // orientation-aware. If the device is not orientation-aware, then we need to apply the
-            // inverse rotation of the display so that when the display rotation is applied later
-            // as a part of the per-window transform, we get the expected screen coordinates.
-            if (!isOrientedDevice) {
-                std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
-                        config->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
-                if (internalViewport) {
-                    mOrientation = getInverseRotation(internalViewport->orientation);
-                    mDisplayWidth = internalViewport->deviceWidth;
-                    mDisplayHeight = internalViewport->deviceHeight;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (isOrientedDevice) {
-                std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
-                        config->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
-                if (internalViewport) {
-                    mOrientation = internalViewport->orientation;
-                }
+        // InputReader works in the un-rotated display coordinate space, so we don't need to do
+        // anything if the device is already orientation-aware. If the device is not
+        // orientation-aware, then we need to apply the inverse rotation of the display so that
+        // when the display rotation is applied later as a part of the per-window transform, we
+        // get the expected screen coordinates.
+        if (!isOrientedDevice) {
+            std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
+                    config->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
+            if (internalViewport) {
+                mOrientation = getInverseRotation(internalViewport->orientation);
             }
         }
 
@@ -345,15 +331,7 @@
             mPointerController->setPresentation(PointerControllerInterface::Presentation::POINTER);
 
             if (moved) {
-                float dx = deltaX;
-                float dy = deltaY;
-                if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) {
-                    // Rotate the delta from InputReader's un-rotated coordinate space to
-                    // PointerController's rotated coordinate space that is oriented with the
-                    // viewport.
-                    rotateDelta(getInverseRotation(mOrientation), &dx, &dy);
-                }
-                mPointerController->move(dx, dy);
+                mPointerController->move(deltaX, deltaY);
             }
 
             if (buttonsChanged) {
@@ -364,12 +342,7 @@
         }
 
         mPointerController->getPosition(&xCursorPosition, &yCursorPosition);
-        if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) {
-            // Rotate the cursor position that is in PointerController's rotated coordinate space
-            // to InputReader's un-rotated coordinate space.
-            rotatePoint(mOrientation, xCursorPosition /*byRef*/, yCursorPosition /*byRef*/,
-                        mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
-        }
+
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, xCursorPosition);
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, yCursorPosition);
         pointerCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RELATIVE_X, deltaX);
@@ -424,7 +397,7 @@
                                              &pointerCoords, mXPrecision, mYPrecision,
                                              xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, downTime,
                                              /* videoFrames */ {});
-                getListener()->notifyMotion(&releaseArgs);
+                getListener().notifyMotion(&releaseArgs);
             }
         }
 
@@ -434,7 +407,7 @@
                               AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                               mXPrecision, mYPrecision, xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, downTime,
                               /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
 
         if (buttonsPressed) {
             BitSet32 pressed(buttonsPressed);
@@ -449,7 +422,7 @@
                                            &pointerCoords, mXPrecision, mYPrecision,
                                            xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, downTime,
                                            /* videoFrames */ {});
-                getListener()->notifyMotion(&pressArgs);
+                getListener().notifyMotion(&pressArgs);
             }
         }
 
@@ -464,7 +437,7 @@
                                        AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, 1, &pointerProperties,
                                        &pointerCoords, mXPrecision, mYPrecision, xCursorPosition,
                                        yCursorPosition, downTime, /* videoFrames */ {});
-            getListener()->notifyMotion(&hoverArgs);
+            getListener().notifyMotion(&hoverArgs);
         }
 
         // Send scroll events.
@@ -479,7 +452,7 @@
                                         AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, 1, &pointerProperties,
                                         &pointerCoords, mXPrecision, mYPrecision, xCursorPosition,
                                         yCursorPosition, downTime, /* videoFrames */ {});
-            getListener()->notifyMotion(&scrollArgs);
+            getListener().notifyMotion(&scrollArgs);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h
index 88e947f..9a8ca01 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/CursorInputMapper.h
@@ -105,8 +105,6 @@
     VelocityControl mWheelYVelocityControl;
 
     int32_t mOrientation;
-    int32_t mDisplayWidth;
-    int32_t mDisplayHeight;
 
     std::shared_ptr<PointerControllerInterface> mPointerController;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
index df1acd4..b9aef54 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-void InputMapper::updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode) {}
+bool InputMapper::updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode) {
+    return false;
+}
 
 void InputMapper::updateExternalStylusState(const StylusState& state) {}
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h
index 15cff1c..f1c0e5a 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/InputMapper.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     inline const std::string getDeviceName() { return mDeviceContext.getName(); }
     inline InputReaderContext* getContext() { return mDeviceContext.getContext(); }
     inline InputReaderPolicyInterface* getPolicy() { return getContext()->getPolicy(); }
-    inline InputListenerInterface* getListener() { return getContext()->getListener(); }
+    inline InputListenerInterface& getListener() { return getContext()->getListener(); }
 
     virtual uint32_t getSources() = 0;
     virtual void populateDeviceInfo(InputDeviceInfo* deviceInfo);
@@ -83,7 +83,11 @@
     virtual std::optional<int32_t> getLightPlayerId(int32_t lightId) { return std::nullopt; }
 
     virtual int32_t getMetaState();
-    virtual void updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode);
+    /**
+     * Process the meta key and update the global meta state when changed.
+     * Return true if the meta key could be handled by the InputMapper.
+     */
+    virtual bool updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode);
 
     virtual void updateExternalStylusState(const StylusState& state);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp
index 0dc312e..6bdb121 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/JoystickInputMapper.cpp
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
                           &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords, 0, 0,
                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
                           AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, 0, /* videoFrames */ {});
-    getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+    getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
 }
 
 void JoystickInputMapper::setPointerCoordsAxisValue(PointerCoords* pointerCoords, int32_t axis,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
index 104d087..a8602a4 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.cpp
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
                        getDisplayId(), policyFlags,
                        down ? AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN : AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP,
                        AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_FROM_SYSTEM, keyCode, scanCode, keyMetaState, downTime);
-    getListener()->notifyKey(&args);
+    getListener().notifyKey(&args);
 }
 
 ssize_t KeyboardInputMapper::findKeyDown(int32_t scanCode) {
@@ -384,8 +384,13 @@
     return mMetaState;
 }
 
-void KeyboardInputMapper::updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode) {
+bool KeyboardInputMapper::updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode) {
+    if (!android::isMetaKey(keyCode) || !getDeviceContext().hasKeyCode(keyCode)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     updateMetaStateIfNeeded(keyCode, false);
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool KeyboardInputMapper::updateMetaStateIfNeeded(int32_t keyCode, bool down) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
index ca41712..fc92320 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/KeyboardInputMapper.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
                                        const int32_t* keyCodes, uint8_t* outFlags) override;
 
     virtual int32_t getMetaState() override;
-    virtual void updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode) override;
+    virtual bool updateMetaState(int32_t keyCode) override;
     virtual std::optional<int32_t> getAssociatedDisplayId() override;
     virtual void updateLedState(bool reset);
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp
index fab7f4c..4bd1cd8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/MultiTouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -95,13 +95,13 @@
         }
 
         if (mCurrentSlot < 0 || size_t(mCurrentSlot) >= mSlotCount) {
-#if DEBUG_POINTERS
-            if (newSlot) {
-                ALOGW("MultiTouch device emitted invalid slot index %d but it "
-                      "should be between 0 and %zd; ignoring this slot.",
-                      mCurrentSlot, mSlotCount - 1);
+            if (DEBUG_POINTERS) {
+                if (newSlot) {
+                    ALOGW("MultiTouch device emitted invalid slot index %d but it "
+                          "should be between 0 and %zd; ignoring this slot.",
+                          mCurrentSlot, mSlotCount - 1);
+                }
             }
-#endif
         } else {
             Slot* slot = &mSlots[mCurrentSlot];
             // If mUsingSlotsProtocol is true, it means the raw pointer has axis info of
@@ -273,19 +273,19 @@
             if (id) {
                 outState->rawPointerData.canceledIdBits.markBit(id.value());
             }
-#if DEBUG_POINTERS
-            ALOGI("Stop processing slot %zu for it received a palm event from device %s", inIndex,
-                  getDeviceName().c_str());
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_POINTERS) {
+                ALOGI("Stop processing slot %zu for it received a palm event from device %s",
+                      inIndex, getDeviceName().c_str());
+            }
             continue;
         }
 
         if (outCount >= MAX_POINTERS) {
-#if DEBUG_POINTERS
-            ALOGD("MultiTouch device %s emitted more than maximum of %d pointers; "
-                  "ignoring the rest.",
-                  getDeviceName().c_str(), MAX_POINTERS);
-#endif
+            if (DEBUG_POINTERS) {
+                ALOGD("MultiTouch device %s emitted more than maximum of %d pointers; "
+                      "ignoring the rest.",
+                      getDeviceName().c_str(), MAX_POINTERS);
+            }
             break; // too many fingers!
         }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
index e9d0189..b83a8fc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/RotaryEncoderInputMapper.cpp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
                                     AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, 1, &pointerProperties,
                                     &pointerCoords, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
                                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, 0, /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&scrollArgs);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&scrollArgs);
     }
 
     mRotaryEncoderScrollAccumulator.finishSync();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
index a507632..677a372 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SensorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 
 #include <locale>
 
-#include "../Macros.h"
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 
+#include "../Macros.h"
 #include "SensorInputMapper.h"
 
 // Log detailed debug messages about each sensor event notification to the dispatcher.
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 " mHasHardwareTimestamp %d\n", mHasHardwareTimestamp);
     dump += INDENT3 "Sensors:\n";
     for (const auto& [sensorType, sensor] : mSensors) {
-        dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "%s\n", NamedEnum::string(sensorType).c_str());
+        dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "%s\n", ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str());
         dump += StringPrintf(INDENT5 "enabled: %d\n", sensor.enabled);
         dump += StringPrintf(INDENT5 "samplingPeriod: %lld\n", sensor.samplingPeriod.count());
         dump += StringPrintf(INDENT5 "maxBatchReportLatency: %lld\n",
@@ -208,10 +209,10 @@
                                      axis.max /* maxRange */, axis.scale /* resolution */,
                                      0.0f /* power */, 0 /* minDelay */,
                                      0 /* fifoReservedEventCount */, 0 /* fifoMaxEventCount */,
-                                     NamedEnum::string(sensorType), 0 /* maxDelay */, 0 /* flags */,
+                                     ftl::enum_string(sensorType), 0 /* maxDelay */, 0 /* flags */,
                                      getDeviceId());
 
-    std::string prefix = "sensor." + NamedEnum::string(sensorType);
+    std::string prefix = "sensor." + ftl::enum_string(sensorType);
     transform(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), prefix.begin(), ::tolower);
 
     int32_t reportingMode = 0;
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@
                                      std::chrono::microseconds maxBatchReportLatency) {
     if (DEBUG_SENSOR_EVENT_DETAILS) {
         ALOGD("Enable Sensor %s samplingPeriod %lld maxBatchReportLatency %lld",
-              NamedEnum::string(sensorType).c_str(), samplingPeriod.count(),
+              ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str(), samplingPeriod.count(),
               maxBatchReportLatency.count());
     }
 
@@ -359,7 +360,7 @@
 
 void SensorInputMapper::disableSensor(InputDeviceSensorType sensorType) {
     if (DEBUG_SENSOR_EVENT_DETAILS) {
-        ALOGD("Disable Sensor %s", NamedEnum::string(sensorType).c_str());
+        ALOGD("Disable Sensor %s", ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str());
     }
 
     if (!setSensorEnabled(sensorType, false /* enabled */)) {
@@ -393,13 +394,12 @@
         nsecs_t timestamp = mHasHardwareTimestamp ? mHardwareTimestamp : when;
         if (DEBUG_SENSOR_EVENT_DETAILS) {
             ALOGD("Sensor %s timestamp %" PRIu64 " values [%f %f %f]",
-                  NamedEnum::string(sensorType).c_str(), timestamp, values[0], values[1],
-                  values[2]);
+                  ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str(), timestamp, values[0], values[1], values[2]);
         }
         if (sensor.lastSampleTimeNs.has_value() &&
             timestamp - sensor.lastSampleTimeNs.value() < sensor.samplingPeriod.count()) {
             if (DEBUG_SENSOR_EVENT_DETAILS) {
-                ALOGD("Sensor %s Skip a sample.", NamedEnum::string(sensorType).c_str());
+                ALOGD("Sensor %s Skip a sample.", ftl::enum_string(sensorType).c_str());
             }
         } else {
             // Convert to Android unit
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
                                           sensor.sensorInfo.accuracy /* accuracyChanged */,
                                   timestamp /* hwTimestamp */, values);
 
-            getListener()->notifySensor(&args);
+            getListener().notifySensor(&args);
             sensor.lastSampleTimeNs = timestamp;
             sensor.accuracy = sensor.sensorInfo.accuracy;
         }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SwitchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SwitchInputMapper.cpp
index 4f73681..3237824 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SwitchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/SwitchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
         uint32_t updatedSwitchValues = mSwitchValues & mUpdatedSwitchMask;
         NotifySwitchArgs args(getContext()->getNextId(), when, 0 /*policyFlags*/,
                               updatedSwitchValues, mUpdatedSwitchMask);
-        getListener()->notifySwitch(&args);
+        getListener().notifySwitch(&args);
 
         mUpdatedSwitchMask = 0;
     }
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
index 7347b2c..31a3d2e 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchCursorInputMapperCommon.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef _UI_INPUTREADER_TOUCH_CURSOR_INPUT_MAPPER_COMMON_H
 #define _UI_INPUTREADER_TOUCH_CURSOR_INPUT_MAPPER_COMMON_H
 
-#include <InputFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
 #include <input/DisplayViewport.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
@@ -29,13 +28,6 @@
 
 // --- Static Definitions ---
 
-// When per-window input rotation is enabled, display transformations such as rotation and
-// projection are part of the input window's transform. This means InputReader should work in the
-// un-rotated coordinate space.
-static bool isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled() {
-    return sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation().value_or(false);
-}
-
 static int32_t getInverseRotation(int32_t orientation) {
     switch (orientation) {
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
@@ -72,26 +64,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-// Rotates the given point (x, y) by the supplied orientation. The width and height are the
-// dimensions of the surface prior to this rotation being applied.
-static void rotatePoint(int32_t orientation, float& x, float& y, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
-    rotateDelta(orientation, &x, &y);
-    switch (orientation) {
-        case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-            y += width;
-            break;
-        case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
-            x += width;
-            y += height;
-            break;
-        case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
-            x += height;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
 // Returns true if the pointer should be reported as being down given the specified
 // button states.  This determines whether the event is reported as a touch event.
 static bool isPointerDown(int32_t buttonState) {
@@ -110,7 +82,7 @@
          !(currentButtonState & buttonState))) {
         NotifyKeyArgs args(context->getNextId(), when, readTime, deviceId, source, displayId,
                            policyFlags, action, 0, keyCode, 0, context->getGlobalMetaState(), when);
-        context->getListener()->notifyKey(&args);
+        context->getListener().notifyKey(&args);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
index ac5f6b6..913c666 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@
 #include "../Macros.h"
 // clang-format on
 
-#include <ftl/NamedEnum.h>
 #include "TouchInputMapper.h"
 
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+
 #include "CursorButtonAccumulator.h"
 #include "CursorScrollAccumulator.h"
 #include "TouchButtonAccumulator.h"
@@ -167,17 +168,13 @@
       : InputMapper(deviceContext),
         mSource(0),
         mDeviceMode(DeviceMode::DISABLED),
-        mRawSurfaceWidth(-1),
-        mRawSurfaceHeight(-1),
-        mSurfaceLeft(0),
-        mSurfaceTop(0),
-        mSurfaceRight(0),
-        mSurfaceBottom(0),
+        mDisplayWidth(-1),
+        mDisplayHeight(-1),
         mPhysicalWidth(-1),
         mPhysicalHeight(-1),
         mPhysicalLeft(0),
         mPhysicalTop(0),
-        mSurfaceOrientation(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0) {}
+        mInputDeviceOrientation(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0) {}
 
 TouchInputMapper::~TouchInputMapper() {}
 
@@ -259,17 +256,15 @@
 
 void TouchInputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "Touch Input Mapper (mode - %s):\n",
-                         NamedEnum::string(mDeviceMode).c_str());
+                         ftl::enum_string(mDeviceMode).c_str());
     dumpParameters(dump);
     dumpVirtualKeys(dump);
     dumpRawPointerAxes(dump);
     dumpCalibration(dump);
     dumpAffineTransformation(dump);
-    dumpSurface(dump);
+    dumpDisplay(dump);
 
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "Translation and Scaling Factors:\n");
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "XTranslate: %0.3f\n", mXTranslate);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "YTranslate: %0.3f\n", mYTranslate);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "XScale: %0.3f\n", mXScale);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "YScale: %0.3f\n", mYScale);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "XPrecision: %0.3f\n", mXPrecision);
@@ -389,16 +384,16 @@
           InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_POINTER_GESTURE_ENABLEMENT |
           InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_SHOW_TOUCHES |
           InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_EXTERNAL_STYLUS_PRESENCE))) {
-        // Configure device sources, surface dimensions, orientation and
+        // Configure device sources, display dimensions, orientation and
         // scaling factors.
-        configureSurface(when, &resetNeeded);
+        configureInputDevice(when, &resetNeeded);
     }
 
     if (changes && resetNeeded) {
         // Send reset, unless this is the first time the device has been configured,
         // in which case the reader will call reset itself after all mappers are ready.
         NotifyDeviceResetArgs args(getContext()->getNextId(), when, getDeviceId());
-        getListener()->notifyDeviceReset(&args);
+        getListener().notifyDeviceReset(&args);
     }
 }
 
@@ -515,9 +510,9 @@
 void TouchInputMapper::dumpParameters(std::string& dump) {
     dump += INDENT3 "Parameters:\n";
 
-    dump += INDENT4 "GestureMode: " + NamedEnum::string(mParameters.gestureMode) + "\n";
+    dump += INDENT4 "GestureMode: " + ftl::enum_string(mParameters.gestureMode) + "\n";
 
-    dump += INDENT4 "DeviceType: " + NamedEnum::string(mParameters.deviceType) + "\n";
+    dump += INDENT4 "DeviceType: " + ftl::enum_string(mParameters.deviceType) + "\n";
 
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "AssociatedDisplay: hasAssociatedDisplay=%s, isExternal=%s, "
                                  "displayId='%s'\n",
@@ -525,7 +520,7 @@
                          toString(mParameters.associatedDisplayIsExternal),
                          mParameters.uniqueDisplayId.c_str());
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "OrientationAware: %s\n", toString(mParameters.orientationAware));
-    dump += INDENT4 "Orientation: " + NamedEnum::string(mParameters.orientation) + "\n";
+    dump += INDENT4 "Orientation: " + ftl::enum_string(mParameters.orientation) + "\n";
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::configureRawPointerAxes() {
@@ -614,7 +609,7 @@
     return std::make_optional(newViewport);
 }
 
-void TouchInputMapper::configureSurface(nsecs_t when, bool* outResetNeeded) {
+void TouchInputMapper::configureInputDevice(nsecs_t when, bool* outResetNeeded) {
     DeviceMode oldDeviceMode = mDeviceMode;
 
     resolveExternalStylusPresence();
@@ -672,31 +667,28 @@
     }
 
     // Raw width and height in the natural orientation.
-    int32_t rawWidth = mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth();
-    int32_t rawHeight = mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight();
+    const int32_t rawWidth = mRawPointerAxes.getRawWidth();
+    const int32_t rawHeight = mRawPointerAxes.getRawHeight();
 
-    bool viewportChanged = mViewport != *newViewport;
+    const bool viewportChanged = mViewport != *newViewport;
     bool skipViewportUpdate = false;
     if (viewportChanged) {
-        bool viewportOrientationChanged = mViewport.orientation != newViewport->orientation;
+        const bool viewportOrientationChanged = mViewport.orientation != newViewport->orientation;
         mViewport = *newViewport;
 
         if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::DIRECT || mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::POINTER) {
-            // Convert rotated viewport to natural surface coordinates.
-            int32_t naturalLogicalWidth, naturalLogicalHeight;
+            // Convert rotated viewport to the natural orientation.
             int32_t naturalPhysicalWidth, naturalPhysicalHeight;
             int32_t naturalPhysicalLeft, naturalPhysicalTop;
             int32_t naturalDeviceWidth, naturalDeviceHeight;
 
-            // Apply the inverse of the input device orientation so that the surface is configured
-            // in the same orientation as the device. The input device orientation will be
-            // re-applied to mSurfaceOrientation.
-            const int32_t naturalSurfaceOrientation =
+            // Apply the inverse of the input device orientation so that the input device is
+            // configured in the same orientation as the viewport. The input device orientation will
+            // be re-applied by mInputDeviceOrientation.
+            const int32_t naturalDeviceOrientation =
                     (mViewport.orientation - static_cast<int32_t>(mParameters.orientation) + 4) % 4;
-            switch (naturalSurfaceOrientation) {
+            switch (naturalDeviceOrientation) {
                 case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-                    naturalLogicalWidth = mViewport.logicalBottom - mViewport.logicalTop;
-                    naturalLogicalHeight = mViewport.logicalRight - mViewport.logicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.deviceHeight - mViewport.physicalBottom;
@@ -705,8 +697,6 @@
                     naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceWidth;
                     break;
                 case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
-                    naturalLogicalWidth = mViewport.logicalRight - mViewport.logicalLeft;
-                    naturalLogicalHeight = mViewport.logicalBottom - mViewport.logicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.deviceWidth - mViewport.physicalRight;
@@ -715,8 +705,6 @@
                     naturalDeviceHeight = mViewport.deviceHeight;
                     break;
                 case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
-                    naturalLogicalWidth = mViewport.logicalBottom - mViewport.logicalTop;
-                    naturalLogicalHeight = mViewport.logicalRight - mViewport.logicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.physicalTop;
@@ -726,8 +714,6 @@
                     break;
                 case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0:
                 default:
-                    naturalLogicalWidth = mViewport.logicalRight - mViewport.logicalLeft;
-                    naturalLogicalHeight = mViewport.logicalBottom - mViewport.logicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalWidth = mViewport.physicalRight - mViewport.physicalLeft;
                     naturalPhysicalHeight = mViewport.physicalBottom - mViewport.physicalTop;
                     naturalPhysicalLeft = mViewport.physicalLeft;
@@ -748,49 +734,36 @@
             mPhysicalLeft = naturalPhysicalLeft;
             mPhysicalTop = naturalPhysicalTop;
 
-            const int32_t oldSurfaceWidth = mRawSurfaceWidth;
-            const int32_t oldSurfaceHeight = mRawSurfaceHeight;
-            mRawSurfaceWidth = naturalLogicalWidth * naturalDeviceWidth / naturalPhysicalWidth;
-            mRawSurfaceHeight = naturalLogicalHeight * naturalDeviceHeight / naturalPhysicalHeight;
-            mSurfaceLeft = naturalPhysicalLeft * naturalLogicalWidth / naturalPhysicalWidth;
-            mSurfaceTop = naturalPhysicalTop * naturalLogicalHeight / naturalPhysicalHeight;
-            mSurfaceRight = mSurfaceLeft + naturalLogicalWidth;
-            mSurfaceBottom = mSurfaceTop + naturalLogicalHeight;
+            const int32_t oldDisplayWidth = mDisplayWidth;
+            const int32_t oldDisplayHeight = mDisplayHeight;
+            mDisplayWidth = naturalDeviceWidth;
+            mDisplayHeight = naturalDeviceHeight;
 
-            if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) {
-                // When per-window input rotation is enabled, InputReader works in the un-rotated
-                // coordinate space, so we don't need to do anything if the device is already
-                // orientation-aware. If the device is not orientation-aware, then we need to apply
-                // the inverse rotation of the display so that when the display rotation is applied
-                // later as a part of the per-window transform, we get the expected screen
-                // coordinates.
-                mSurfaceOrientation = mParameters.orientationAware
-                        ? DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0
-                        : getInverseRotation(mViewport.orientation);
-                // For orientation-aware devices that work in the un-rotated coordinate space, the
-                // viewport update should be skipped if it is only a change in the orientation.
-                skipViewportUpdate = mParameters.orientationAware &&
-                        mRawSurfaceWidth == oldSurfaceWidth &&
-                        mRawSurfaceHeight == oldSurfaceHeight && viewportOrientationChanged;
-            } else {
-                mSurfaceOrientation = mParameters.orientationAware ? mViewport.orientation
-                                                                   : DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
-            }
+            // InputReader works in the un-rotated display coordinate space, so we don't need to do
+            // anything if the device is already orientation-aware. If the device is not
+            // orientation-aware, then we need to apply the inverse rotation of the display so that
+            // when the display rotation is applied later as a part of the per-window transform, we
+            // get the expected screen coordinates.
+            mInputDeviceOrientation = mParameters.orientationAware
+                    ? DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0
+                    : getInverseRotation(mViewport.orientation);
+            // For orientation-aware devices that work in the un-rotated coordinate space, the
+            // viewport update should be skipped if it is only a change in the orientation.
+            skipViewportUpdate = mParameters.orientationAware && mDisplayWidth == oldDisplayWidth &&
+                    mDisplayHeight == oldDisplayHeight && viewportOrientationChanged;
 
             // Apply the input device orientation for the device.
-            mSurfaceOrientation =
-                    (mSurfaceOrientation + static_cast<int32_t>(mParameters.orientation)) % 4;
+            mInputDeviceOrientation =
+                    (mInputDeviceOrientation + static_cast<int32_t>(mParameters.orientation)) % 4;
         } else {
             mPhysicalWidth = rawWidth;
             mPhysicalHeight = rawHeight;
             mPhysicalLeft = 0;
             mPhysicalTop = 0;
 
-            mRawSurfaceWidth = rawWidth;
-            mRawSurfaceHeight = rawHeight;
-            mSurfaceLeft = 0;
-            mSurfaceTop = 0;
-            mSurfaceOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
+            mDisplayWidth = rawWidth;
+            mDisplayHeight = rawHeight;
+            mInputDeviceOrientation = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0;
         }
     }
 
@@ -819,14 +792,12 @@
     if ((viewportChanged && !skipViewportUpdate) || deviceModeChanged) {
         ALOGI("Device reconfigured: id=%d, name='%s', size %dx%d, orientation %d, mode %d, "
               "display id %d",
-              getDeviceId(), getDeviceName().c_str(), mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight,
-              mSurfaceOrientation, mDeviceMode, mViewport.displayId);
+              getDeviceId(), getDeviceName().c_str(), mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
+              mInputDeviceOrientation, mDeviceMode, mViewport.displayId);
 
         // Configure X and Y factors.
-        mXScale = float(mRawSurfaceWidth) / rawWidth;
-        mYScale = float(mRawSurfaceHeight) / rawHeight;
-        mXTranslate = -mSurfaceLeft;
-        mYTranslate = -mSurfaceTop;
+        mXScale = float(mDisplayWidth) / rawWidth;
+        mYScale = float(mDisplayHeight) / rawHeight;
         mXPrecision = 1.0f / mXScale;
         mYPrecision = 1.0f / mYScale;
 
@@ -843,7 +814,7 @@
         mGeometricScale = avg(mXScale, mYScale);
 
         // Size of diagonal axis.
-        float diagonalSize = hypotf(mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight);
+        float diagonalSize = hypotf(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
 
         // Size factors.
         if (mCalibration.sizeCalibration != Calibration::SizeCalibration::NONE) {
@@ -1005,21 +976,21 @@
 
         // Compute oriented precision, scales and ranges.
         // Note that the maximum value reported is an inclusive maximum value so it is one
-        // unit less than the total width or height of surface.
-        switch (mSurfaceOrientation) {
+        // unit less than the total width or height of the display.
+        switch (mInputDeviceOrientation) {
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
                 mOrientedXPrecision = mYPrecision;
                 mOrientedYPrecision = mXPrecision;
 
-                mOrientedRanges.x.min = mYTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mRawSurfaceHeight + mYTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.x.min = 0;
+                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayHeight - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mYScale;
 
-                mOrientedRanges.y.min = mXTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mRawSurfaceWidth + mXTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.y.min = 0;
+                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayWidth - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mXScale;
@@ -1029,14 +1000,14 @@
                 mOrientedXPrecision = mXPrecision;
                 mOrientedYPrecision = mYPrecision;
 
-                mOrientedRanges.x.min = mXTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mRawSurfaceWidth + mXTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.x.min = 0;
+                mOrientedRanges.x.max = mDisplayWidth - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.x.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.x.resolution * mXScale;
 
-                mOrientedRanges.y.min = mYTranslate;
-                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mRawSurfaceHeight + mYTranslate - 1;
+                mOrientedRanges.y.min = 0;
+                mOrientedRanges.y.max = mDisplayHeight - 1;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.flat = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.fuzz = 0;
                 mOrientedRanges.y.resolution = mRawPointerAxes.y.resolution * mYScale;
@@ -1049,7 +1020,7 @@
         if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::POINTER) {
             // Compute pointer gesture detection parameters.
             float rawDiagonal = hypotf(rawWidth, rawHeight);
-            float displayDiagonal = hypotf(mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight);
+            float displayDiagonal = hypotf(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight);
 
             // Scale movements such that one whole swipe of the touch pad covers a
             // given area relative to the diagonal size of the display when no acceleration
@@ -1083,19 +1054,15 @@
     }
 }
 
-void TouchInputMapper::dumpSurface(std::string& dump) {
+void TouchInputMapper::dumpDisplay(std::string& dump) {
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "%s\n", mViewport.toString().c_str());
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "RawSurfaceWidth: %dpx\n", mRawSurfaceWidth);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "RawSurfaceHeight: %dpx\n", mRawSurfaceHeight);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceLeft: %d\n", mSurfaceLeft);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceTop: %d\n", mSurfaceTop);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceRight: %d\n", mSurfaceRight);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceBottom: %d\n", mSurfaceBottom);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "DisplayWidth: %dpx\n", mDisplayWidth);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "DisplayHeight: %dpx\n", mDisplayHeight);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalWidth: %dpx\n", mPhysicalWidth);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalHeight: %dpx\n", mPhysicalHeight);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalLeft: %d\n", mPhysicalLeft);
     dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "PhysicalTop: %d\n", mPhysicalTop);
-    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "SurfaceOrientation: %d\n", mSurfaceOrientation);
+    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "InputDeviceOrientation: %d\n", mInputDeviceOrientation);
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::configureVirtualKeys() {
@@ -1134,16 +1101,16 @@
         int32_t halfHeight = virtualKeyDefinition.height / 2;
 
         virtualKey.hitLeft =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX - halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mRawSurfaceWidth +
+                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX - halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mDisplayWidth +
                 touchScreenLeft;
         virtualKey.hitRight =
-                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX + halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mRawSurfaceWidth +
+                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerX + halfWidth) * touchScreenWidth / mDisplayWidth +
                 touchScreenLeft;
-        virtualKey.hitTop = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY - halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight /
-                        mRawSurfaceHeight +
+        virtualKey.hitTop =
+                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY - halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight / mDisplayHeight +
                 touchScreenTop;
-        virtualKey.hitBottom = (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY + halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight /
-                        mRawSurfaceHeight +
+        virtualKey.hitBottom =
+                (virtualKeyDefinition.centerY + halfHeight) * touchScreenHeight / mDisplayHeight +
                 touchScreenTop;
         mVirtualKeys.push_back(virtualKey);
     }
@@ -1409,7 +1376,7 @@
 
 void TouchInputMapper::updateAffineTransformation() {
     mAffineTransform = getPolicy()->getTouchAffineTransformation(getDeviceContext().getDescriptor(),
-                                                                 mSurfaceOrientation);
+                                                                 mInputDeviceOrientation);
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::reset(nsecs_t when) {
@@ -1701,9 +1668,10 @@
     mPointerController->fade(PointerControllerInterface::Transition::GRADUAL);
 
     mPointerController->setButtonState(mCurrentRawState.buttonState);
-    setTouchSpots(mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords,
-                  mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.idToIndex,
-                  mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.touchingIdBits, mViewport.displayId);
+    mPointerController->setSpots(mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords,
+                                 mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.idToIndex,
+                                 mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.touchingIdBits,
+                                 mViewport.displayId);
 }
 
 bool TouchInputMapper::isTouchScreen() {
@@ -1857,8 +1825,10 @@
         // Pointer just went down.  Check for virtual key press or off-screen touches.
         uint32_t id = mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.touchingIdBits.firstMarkedBit();
         const RawPointerData::Pointer& pointer = mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.pointerForId(id);
-        // Exclude unscaled device for inside surface checking.
-        if (!isPointInsideSurface(pointer.x, pointer.y) && mDeviceMode != DeviceMode::UNSCALED) {
+        // Skip checking whether the pointer is inside the physical frame if the device is in
+        // unscaled mode.
+        if (!isPointInsidePhysicalFrame(pointer.x, pointer.y) &&
+            mDeviceMode != DeviceMode::UNSCALED) {
             // If exactly one pointer went down, check for virtual key hit.
             // Otherwise we will drop the entire stroke.
             if (mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.touchingIdBits.count() == 1) {
@@ -1919,7 +1889,7 @@
     NotifyKeyArgs args(getContext()->getNextId(), when, readTime, getDeviceId(),
                        AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD, mViewport.displayId, policyFlags, keyEventAction,
                        keyEventFlags, keyCode, scanCode, metaState, downTime);
-    getListener()->notifyKey(&args);
+    getListener().notifyKey(&args);
 }
 
 void TouchInputMapper::abortTouches(nsecs_t when, nsecs_t readTime, uint32_t policyFlags) {
@@ -2127,7 +2097,7 @@
     }
 
     // Walk through the the active pointers and map device coordinates onto
-    // surface coordinates and adjust for display orientation.
+    // display coordinates and adjust for display orientation.
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < currentPointerCount; i++) {
         const RawPointerData::Pointer& in = mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.pointers[i];
 
@@ -2287,15 +2257,15 @@
         mAffineTransform.applyTo(xTransformed, yTransformed);
         rotateAndScale(xTransformed, yTransformed);
 
-        // Adjust X, Y, and coverage coords for surface orientation.
+        // Adjust X, Y, and coverage coords for input device orientation.
         float left, top, right, bottom;
 
-        switch (mSurfaceOrientation) {
+        switch (mInputDeviceOrientation) {
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-                left = float(rawTop - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
-                right = float(rawBottom - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
-                bottom = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawLeft) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
-                top = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawRight) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
+                left = float(rawTop - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
+                right = float(rawBottom - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
+                bottom = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawLeft) * mXScale;
+                top = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawRight) * mXScale;
                 orientation -= M_PI_2;
                 if (mOrientedRanges.haveOrientation &&
                     orientation < mOrientedRanges.orientation.min) {
@@ -2306,8 +2276,8 @@
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
                 left = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawRight) * mXScale;
                 right = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - rawLeft) * mXScale;
-                bottom = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawTop) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
-                top = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawBottom) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
+                bottom = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawTop) * mYScale;
+                top = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawBottom) * mYScale;
                 orientation -= M_PI;
                 if (mOrientedRanges.haveOrientation &&
                     orientation < mOrientedRanges.orientation.min) {
@@ -2318,8 +2288,8 @@
             case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
                 left = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawBottom) * mYScale;
                 right = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - rawTop) * mYScale;
-                bottom = float(rawRight - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
-                top = float(rawLeft - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
+                bottom = float(rawRight - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
+                top = float(rawLeft - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
                 orientation += M_PI_2;
                 if (mOrientedRanges.haveOrientation &&
                     orientation > mOrientedRanges.orientation.max) {
@@ -2328,10 +2298,10 @@
                 }
                 break;
             default:
-                left = float(rawLeft - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
-                right = float(rawRight - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale + mXTranslate;
-                bottom = float(rawBottom - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
-                top = float(rawTop - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale + mYTranslate;
+                left = float(rawLeft - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
+                right = float(rawRight - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
+                bottom = float(rawBottom - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
+                top = float(rawTop - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
                 break;
         }
 
@@ -2441,9 +2411,10 @@
         }
 
         if (mPointerGesture.currentGestureMode == PointerGesture::Mode::FREEFORM) {
-            setTouchSpots(mPointerGesture.currentGestureCoords,
-                          mPointerGesture.currentGestureIdToIndex,
-                          mPointerGesture.currentGestureIdBits, mPointerController->getDisplayId());
+            mPointerController->setSpots(mPointerGesture.currentGestureCoords,
+                                         mPointerGesture.currentGestureIdToIndex,
+                                         mPointerGesture.currentGestureIdBits,
+                                         mPointerController->getDisplayId());
         }
     } else {
         mPointerController->setPresentation(PointerControllerInterface::Presentation::POINTER);
@@ -2593,7 +2564,8 @@
         // the pointer is hovering again even if the user is not currently touching
         // the touch pad.  This ensures that a view will receive a fresh hover enter
         // event after a tap.
-        auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+        float x, y;
+        mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
 
         PointerProperties pointerProperties;
         pointerProperties.clear();
@@ -2611,7 +2583,7 @@
                               metaState, buttonState, MotionClassification::NONE,
                               AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, 1, &pointerProperties, &pointerCoords,
                               0, 0, x, y, mPointerGesture.downTime, /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
     }
 
     // Update state.
@@ -2844,18 +2816,19 @@
             deltaX = (currentPointer.x - lastPointer.x) * mPointerXMovementScale;
             deltaY = (currentPointer.y - lastPointer.y) * mPointerYMovementScale;
 
-            rotateDelta(mSurfaceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
+            rotateDelta(mInputDeviceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
             mPointerVelocityControl.move(when, &deltaX, &deltaY);
 
             // Move the pointer using a relative motion.
             // When using spots, the click will occur at the position of the anchor
             // spot and all other spots will move there.
-            moveMouseCursor(deltaX, deltaY);
+            mPointerController->move(deltaX, deltaY);
         } else {
             mPointerVelocityControl.reset();
         }
 
-        auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+        float x, y;
+        mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
 
         mPointerGesture.currentGestureMode = PointerGesture::Mode::BUTTON_CLICK_OR_DRAG;
         mPointerGesture.currentGestureIdBits.clear();
@@ -2881,7 +2854,8 @@
              mPointerGesture.lastGestureMode == PointerGesture::Mode::TAP_DRAG) &&
             lastFingerCount == 1) {
             if (when <= mPointerGesture.tapDownTime + mConfig.pointerGestureTapInterval) {
-                auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+                float x, y;
+                mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
                 if (fabs(x - mPointerGesture.tapX) <= mConfig.pointerGestureTapSlop &&
                     fabs(y - mPointerGesture.tapY) <= mConfig.pointerGestureTapSlop) {
 #if DEBUG_GESTURES
@@ -2949,7 +2923,8 @@
         mPointerGesture.currentGestureMode = PointerGesture::Mode::HOVER;
         if (mPointerGesture.lastGestureMode == PointerGesture::Mode::TAP) {
             if (when <= mPointerGesture.tapUpTime + mConfig.pointerGestureTapDragInterval) {
-                auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+                float x, y;
+                mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
                 if (fabs(x - mPointerGesture.tapX) <= mConfig.pointerGestureTapSlop &&
                     fabs(y - mPointerGesture.tapY) <= mConfig.pointerGestureTapSlop) {
                     mPointerGesture.currentGestureMode = PointerGesture::Mode::TAP_DRAG;
@@ -2978,12 +2953,12 @@
             deltaX = (currentPointer.x - lastPointer.x) * mPointerXMovementScale;
             deltaY = (currentPointer.y - lastPointer.y) * mPointerYMovementScale;
 
-            rotateDelta(mSurfaceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
+            rotateDelta(mInputDeviceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
             mPointerVelocityControl.move(when, &deltaX, &deltaY);
 
             // Move the pointer using a relative motion.
             // When using spots, the hover or drag will occur at the position of the anchor spot.
-            moveMouseCursor(deltaX, deltaY);
+            mPointerController->move(deltaX, deltaY);
         } else {
             mPointerVelocityControl.reset();
         }
@@ -3005,7 +2980,8 @@
             down = false;
         }
 
-        auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+        float x, y;
+        mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
 
         mPointerGesture.currentGestureIdBits.clear();
         mPointerGesture.currentGestureIdBits.markBit(mPointerGesture.activeGestureId);
@@ -3078,9 +3054,8 @@
             mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData
                     .getCentroidOfTouchingPointers(&mPointerGesture.referenceTouchX,
                                                    &mPointerGesture.referenceTouchY);
-            auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
-            mPointerGesture.referenceGestureX = x;
-            mPointerGesture.referenceGestureY = y;
+            mPointerController->getPosition(&mPointerGesture.referenceGestureX,
+                                            &mPointerGesture.referenceGestureY);
         }
 
         // Clear the reference deltas for fingers not yet included in the reference calculation.
@@ -3236,7 +3211,7 @@
             commonDeltaX *= mPointerXMovementScale;
             commonDeltaY *= mPointerYMovementScale;
 
-            rotateDelta(mSurfaceOrientation, &commonDeltaX, &commonDeltaY);
+            rotateDelta(mInputDeviceOrientation, &commonDeltaX, &commonDeltaY);
             mPointerVelocityControl.move(when, &commonDeltaX, &commonDeltaY);
 
             mPointerGesture.referenceGestureX += commonDeltaX;
@@ -3346,7 +3321,7 @@
                         mCurrentRawState.rawPointerData.pointerForId(touchId);
                 float deltaX = (pointer.x - mPointerGesture.referenceTouchX) * mPointerXZoomScale;
                 float deltaY = (pointer.y - mPointerGesture.referenceTouchY) * mPointerYZoomScale;
-                rotateDelta(mSurfaceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
+                rotateDelta(mInputDeviceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
 
                 mPointerGesture.currentGestureProperties[i].clear();
                 mPointerGesture.currentGestureProperties[i].id = gestureId;
@@ -3418,13 +3393,15 @@
     if (!mCurrentCookedState.stylusIdBits.isEmpty()) {
         uint32_t id = mCurrentCookedState.stylusIdBits.firstMarkedBit();
         uint32_t index = mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.idToIndex[id];
-        setMouseCursorPosition(mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords[index].getX(),
-                               mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords[index].getY());
+        mPointerController
+                ->setPosition(mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords[index].getX(),
+                              mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords[index].getY());
 
         hovering = mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.hoveringIdBits.hasBit(id);
         down = !hovering;
 
-        auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+        float x, y;
+        mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
         mPointerSimple.currentCoords.copyFrom(
                 mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords[index]);
         mPointerSimple.currentCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
@@ -3462,10 +3439,10 @@
                       mLastRawState.rawPointerData.pointers[lastIndex].y) *
                     mPointerYMovementScale;
 
-            rotateDelta(mSurfaceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
+            rotateDelta(mInputDeviceOrientation, &deltaX, &deltaY);
             mPointerVelocityControl.move(when, &deltaX, &deltaY);
 
-            moveMouseCursor(deltaX, deltaY);
+            mPointerController->move(deltaX, deltaY);
         } else {
             mPointerVelocityControl.reset();
         }
@@ -3473,7 +3450,8 @@
         down = isPointerDown(mCurrentRawState.buttonState);
         hovering = !down;
 
-        auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+        float x, y;
+        mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
         mPointerSimple.currentCoords.copyFrom(
                 mCurrentCookedState.cookedPointerData.pointerCoords[currentIndex]);
         mPointerSimple.currentCoords.setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
@@ -3513,7 +3491,8 @@
     }
     int32_t displayId = mPointerController->getDisplayId();
 
-    auto [xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition] = getMouseCursorPosition();
+    float xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition;
+    mPointerController->getPosition(&xCursorPosition, &yCursorPosition);
 
     if (mPointerSimple.down && !down) {
         mPointerSimple.down = false;
@@ -3526,7 +3505,7 @@
                               &mPointerSimple.lastCoords, mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                               xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, mPointerSimple.downTime,
                               /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
     }
 
     if (mPointerSimple.hovering && !hovering) {
@@ -3540,7 +3519,7 @@
                               &mPointerSimple.lastCoords, mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                               xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, mPointerSimple.downTime,
                               /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
     }
 
     if (down) {
@@ -3556,7 +3535,7 @@
                                   &mPointerSimple.currentProperties, &mPointerSimple.currentCoords,
                                   mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision, xCursorPosition,
                                   yCursorPosition, mPointerSimple.downTime, /* videoFrames */ {});
-            getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+            getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
         }
 
         // Send move.
@@ -3567,7 +3546,7 @@
                               &mPointerSimple.currentCoords, mOrientedXPrecision,
                               mOrientedYPrecision, xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition,
                               mPointerSimple.downTime, /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
     }
 
     if (hovering) {
@@ -3582,7 +3561,7 @@
                                   &mPointerSimple.currentProperties, &mPointerSimple.currentCoords,
                                   mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision, xCursorPosition,
                                   yCursorPosition, mPointerSimple.downTime, /* videoFrames */ {});
-            getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+            getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
         }
 
         // Send hover move.
@@ -3593,7 +3572,7 @@
                               &mPointerSimple.currentCoords, mOrientedXPrecision,
                               mOrientedYPrecision, xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition,
                               mPointerSimple.downTime, /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
     }
 
     if (mCurrentRawState.rawVScroll || mCurrentRawState.rawHScroll) {
@@ -3615,7 +3594,7 @@
                               &pointerCoords, mOrientedXPrecision, mOrientedYPrecision,
                               xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition, mPointerSimple.downTime,
                               /* videoFrames */ {});
-        getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+        getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
     }
 
     // Save state.
@@ -3679,21 +3658,19 @@
     float xCursorPosition = AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION;
     float yCursorPosition = AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION;
     if (mDeviceMode == DeviceMode::POINTER) {
-        auto [x, y] = getMouseCursorPosition();
-        xCursorPosition = x;
-        yCursorPosition = y;
+        mPointerController->getPosition(&xCursorPosition, &yCursorPosition);
     }
     const int32_t displayId = getAssociatedDisplayId().value_or(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
     const int32_t deviceId = getDeviceId();
     std::vector<TouchVideoFrame> frames = getDeviceContext().getVideoFrames();
     std::for_each(frames.begin(), frames.end(),
-                  [this](TouchVideoFrame& frame) { frame.rotate(this->mSurfaceOrientation); });
+                  [this](TouchVideoFrame& frame) { frame.rotate(this->mInputDeviceOrientation); });
     NotifyMotionArgs args(getContext()->getNextId(), when, readTime, deviceId, source, displayId,
                           policyFlags, action, actionButton, flags, metaState, buttonState,
                           MotionClassification::NONE, edgeFlags, pointerCount, pointerProperties,
                           pointerCoords, xPrecision, yPrecision, xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition,
                           downTime, std::move(frames));
-    getListener()->notifyMotion(&args);
+    getListener().notifyMotion(&args);
 }
 
 bool TouchInputMapper::updateMovedPointers(const PointerProperties* inProperties,
@@ -3731,50 +3708,49 @@
     abortTouches(when, readTime, 0 /* policyFlags*/);
 }
 
-// Transform raw coordinate to surface coordinate
-void TouchInputMapper::rotateAndScale(float& x, float& y) {
-    // Scale to surface coordinate.
+// Transform input device coordinates to display panel coordinates.
+void TouchInputMapper::rotateAndScale(float& x, float& y) const {
     const float xScaled = float(x - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
     const float yScaled = float(y - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
 
     const float xScaledMax = float(mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue - x) * mXScale;
     const float yScaledMax = float(mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue - y) * mYScale;
 
-    // Rotate to surface coordinate.
+    // Rotate to display coordinate.
     // 0 - no swap and reverse.
     // 90 - swap x/y and reverse y.
     // 180 - reverse x, y.
     // 270 - swap x/y and reverse x.
-    switch (mSurfaceOrientation) {
+    switch (mInputDeviceOrientation) {
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0:
-            x = xScaled + mXTranslate;
-            y = yScaled + mYTranslate;
+            x = xScaled;
+            y = yScaled;
             break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
-            y = xScaledMax - (mRawSurfaceWidth - mSurfaceRight);
-            x = yScaled + mYTranslate;
+            y = xScaledMax;
+            x = yScaled;
             break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
-            x = xScaledMax - (mRawSurfaceWidth - mSurfaceRight);
-            y = yScaledMax - (mRawSurfaceHeight - mSurfaceBottom);
+            x = xScaledMax;
+            y = yScaledMax;
             break;
         case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
-            y = xScaled + mXTranslate;
-            x = yScaledMax - (mRawSurfaceHeight - mSurfaceBottom);
+            y = xScaled;
+            x = yScaledMax;
             break;
         default:
             assert(false);
     }
 }
 
-bool TouchInputMapper::isPointInsideSurface(int32_t x, int32_t y) {
+bool TouchInputMapper::isPointInsidePhysicalFrame(int32_t x, int32_t y) const {
     const float xScaled = (x - mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue) * mXScale;
     const float yScaled = (y - mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue) * mYScale;
 
     return x >= mRawPointerAxes.x.minValue && x <= mRawPointerAxes.x.maxValue &&
-            xScaled >= mSurfaceLeft && xScaled <= mSurfaceRight &&
+            xScaled >= mPhysicalLeft && xScaled <= (mPhysicalLeft + mPhysicalWidth) &&
             y >= mRawPointerAxes.y.minValue && y <= mRawPointerAxes.y.maxValue &&
-            yScaled >= mSurfaceTop && yScaled <= mSurfaceBottom;
+            yScaled >= mPhysicalTop && yScaled <= (mPhysicalTop + mPhysicalHeight);
 }
 
 const TouchInputMapper::VirtualKey* TouchInputMapper::findVirtualKeyHit(int32_t x, int32_t y) {
@@ -4031,63 +4007,4 @@
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-void TouchInputMapper::moveMouseCursor(float dx, float dy) const {
-    if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) {
-        // Convert from InputReader's un-rotated coordinate space to PointerController's coordinate
-        // space that is oriented with the viewport.
-        rotateDelta(mViewport.orientation, &dx, &dy);
-    }
-
-    mPointerController->move(dx, dy);
-}
-
-std::pair<float, float> TouchInputMapper::getMouseCursorPosition() const {
-    float x = 0;
-    float y = 0;
-    mPointerController->getPosition(&x, &y);
-
-    if (!isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) return {x, y};
-    if (!mViewport.isValid()) return {x, y};
-
-    // Convert from PointerController's rotated coordinate space that is oriented with the viewport
-    // to InputReader's un-rotated coordinate space.
-    const int32_t orientation = getInverseRotation(mViewport.orientation);
-    rotatePoint(orientation, x, y, mViewport.deviceWidth, mViewport.deviceHeight);
-    return {x, y};
-}
-
-void TouchInputMapper::setMouseCursorPosition(float x, float y) const {
-    if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled() && mViewport.isValid()) {
-        // Convert from InputReader's un-rotated coordinate space to PointerController's rotated
-        // coordinate space that is oriented with the viewport.
-        rotatePoint(mViewport.orientation, x, y, mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight);
-    }
-
-    mPointerController->setPosition(x, y);
-}
-
-void TouchInputMapper::setTouchSpots(const PointerCoords* spotCoords, const uint32_t* spotIdToIndex,
-                                     BitSet32 spotIdBits, int32_t displayId) {
-    std::array<PointerCoords, MAX_POINTERS> outSpotCoords{};
-
-    for (BitSet32 idBits(spotIdBits); !idBits.isEmpty();) {
-        const uint32_t index = spotIdToIndex[idBits.clearFirstMarkedBit()];
-        float x = spotCoords[index].getX();
-        float y = spotCoords[index].getY();
-        float pressure = spotCoords[index].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE);
-
-        if (isPerWindowInputRotationEnabled()) {
-            // Convert from InputReader's un-rotated coordinate space to PointerController's rotated
-            // coordinate space.
-            rotatePoint(mViewport.orientation, x, y, mRawSurfaceWidth, mRawSurfaceHeight);
-        }
-
-        outSpotCoords[index].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, x);
-        outSpotCoords[index].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, y);
-        outSpotCoords[index].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_PRESSURE, pressure);
-    }
-
-    mPointerController->setSpots(outSpotCoords.data(), spotIdToIndex, spotIdBits, displayId);
-}
-
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
index e104220..9b020a6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/TouchInputMapper.h
@@ -185,6 +185,8 @@
         UNSCALED,   // unscaled mapping (touchpad)
         NAVIGATION, // unscaled mapping with assist gesture (touch navigation)
         POINTER,    // pointer mapping (pointer)
+
+        ftl_last = POINTER
     };
     DeviceMode mDeviceMode;
 
@@ -198,6 +200,8 @@
             TOUCH_PAD,
             TOUCH_NAVIGATION,
             POINTER,
+
+            ftl_last = POINTER
         };
 
         DeviceType deviceType;
@@ -210,6 +214,8 @@
             ORIENTATION_90 = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90,
             ORIENTATION_180 = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180,
             ORIENTATION_270 = DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270,
+
+            ftl_last = ORIENTATION_270
         };
         Orientation orientation;
 
@@ -219,6 +225,8 @@
         enum class GestureMode {
             SINGLE_TOUCH,
             MULTI_TOUCH,
+
+            ftl_last = MULTI_TOUCH
         };
         GestureMode gestureMode;
 
@@ -398,8 +406,8 @@
     virtual void dumpParameters(std::string& dump);
     virtual void configureRawPointerAxes();
     virtual void dumpRawPointerAxes(std::string& dump);
-    virtual void configureSurface(nsecs_t when, bool* outResetNeeded);
-    virtual void dumpSurface(std::string& dump);
+    virtual void configureInputDevice(nsecs_t when, bool* outResetNeeded);
+    virtual void dumpDisplay(std::string& dump);
     virtual void configureVirtualKeys();
     virtual void dumpVirtualKeys(std::string& dump);
     virtual void parseCalibration();
@@ -418,38 +426,27 @@
     // The components of the viewport are specified in the display's rotated orientation.
     DisplayViewport mViewport;
 
-    // The surface orientation, width and height set by configureSurface().
-    // The width and height are derived from the viewport but are specified
+    // The width and height are obtained from the viewport and are specified
     // in the natural orientation.
-    // They could be used for calculating diagonal, scaling factors, and virtual keys.
-    int32_t mRawSurfaceWidth;
-    int32_t mRawSurfaceHeight;
+    int32_t mDisplayWidth;
+    int32_t mDisplayHeight;
 
-    // The surface origin specifies how the surface coordinates should be translated
-    // to align with the logical display coordinate space.
-    int32_t mSurfaceLeft;
-    int32_t mSurfaceTop;
-    int32_t mSurfaceRight;
-    int32_t mSurfaceBottom;
-
-    // Similar to the surface coordinates, but in the raw display coordinate space rather than in
-    // the logical coordinate space.
+    // The physical frame is the rectangle in the display's coordinate space that maps to the
+    // the logical display frame.
     int32_t mPhysicalWidth;
     int32_t mPhysicalHeight;
     int32_t mPhysicalLeft;
     int32_t mPhysicalTop;
 
-    // The orientation may be different from the viewport orientation as it specifies
-    // the rotation of the surface coordinates required to produce the viewport's
-    // requested orientation, so it will depend on whether the device is orientation aware.
-    int32_t mSurfaceOrientation;
+    // The orientation of the input device relative to that of the display panel. It specifies
+    // the rotation of the input device coordinates required to produce the display panel
+    // orientation, so it will depend on whether the device is orientation aware.
+    int32_t mInputDeviceOrientation;
 
     // Translation and scaling factors, orientation-independent.
-    float mXTranslate;
     float mXScale;
     float mXPrecision;
 
-    float mYTranslate;
     float mYScale;
     float mYPrecision;
 
@@ -799,23 +796,15 @@
     // touchscreen.
     void updateTouchSpots();
 
-    bool isPointInsideSurface(int32_t x, int32_t y);
+    bool isPointInsidePhysicalFrame(int32_t x, int32_t y) const;
     const VirtualKey* findVirtualKeyHit(int32_t x, int32_t y);
 
     static void assignPointerIds(const RawState& last, RawState& current);
 
     const char* modeToString(DeviceMode deviceMode);
-    void rotateAndScale(float& x, float& y);
-
-    // Wrapper methods for interfacing with PointerController. These are used to convert points
-    // between the coordinate spaces used by InputReader and PointerController, if they differ.
-    void moveMouseCursor(float dx, float dy) const;
-    std::pair<float, float> getMouseCursorPosition() const;
-    void setMouseCursorPosition(float x, float y) const;
-    void setTouchSpots(const PointerCoords* spotCoords, const uint32_t* spotIdToIndex,
-                       BitSet32 spotIdBits, int32_t displayId);
+    void rotateAndScale(float& x, float& y) const;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
 
-#endif // _UI_INPUTREADER_TOUCH_INPUT_MAPPER_H
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif // _UI_INPUTREADER_TOUCH_INPUT_MAPPER_H
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/VibratorInputMapper.cpp b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/VibratorInputMapper.cpp
index 3df6f36..8c7879b 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/VibratorInputMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/reader/mapper/VibratorInputMapper.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
     // Request InputReader to notify InputManagerService for vibration started.
     NotifyVibratorStateArgs args(getContext()->getNextId(), systemTime(), getDeviceId(), true);
-    getListener()->notifyVibratorState(&args);
+    getListener().notifyVibratorState(&args);
     nextStep();
 }
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
 
     // Request InputReader to notify InputManagerService for vibration complete.
     NotifyVibratorStateArgs args(getContext()->getNextId(), systemTime(), getDeviceId(), false);
-    getListener()->notifyVibratorState(&args);
+    getListener().notifyVibratorState(&args);
 }
 
 void VibratorInputMapper::dump(std::string& dump) {
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/sysprop/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/sysprop/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index b9d65ee..0000000
--- a/services/inputflinger/sysprop/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
-}
-
-sysprop_library {
-    name: "InputFlingerProperties",
-    srcs: ["*.sysprop"],
-    api_packages: ["android.sysprop"],
-    property_owner: "Platform",
-}
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/sysprop/InputFlingerProperties.sysprop b/services/inputflinger/sysprop/InputFlingerProperties.sysprop
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c7e724..0000000
--- a/services/inputflinger/sysprop/InputFlingerProperties.sysprop
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License);
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-module: "android.sysprop.InputFlingerProperties"
-owner: Platform
-
-# When per-window-input-rotation is enabled, InputReader works in the un-rotated
-# display coordinate space, and the display rotation is encoded as part of the
-# input window transform that is sent from SurfaceFlinger to InputDispatcher.
-prop {
-    api_name: "per_window_input_rotation"
-    type: Boolean
-    scope: Internal
-    access: ReadWrite
-    prop_name: "persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation"
-}
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp
index 3a9994e..f13187d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputClassifier_test.cpp
@@ -56,18 +56,10 @@
 
 class InputClassifierTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
-    sp<InputClassifierInterface> mClassifier;
-    sp<TestInputListener> mTestListener;
+    TestInputListener mTestListener;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputClassifierInterface> mClassifier;
 
-    virtual void SetUp() override {
-        mTestListener = new TestInputListener();
-        mClassifier = new InputClassifier(mTestListener);
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() override {
-        mClassifier.clear();
-        mTestListener.clear();
-    }
+    void SetUp() override { mClassifier = std::make_unique<InputClassifier>(mTestListener); }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -80,7 +72,7 @@
 
     mClassifier->notifyConfigurationChanged(&args);
     NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs outArgs;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled(&outArgs));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener.assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled(&outArgs));
     ASSERT_EQ(args, outArgs);
 }
 
@@ -93,7 +85,7 @@
 
     mClassifier->notifyKey(&args);
     NotifyKeyArgs outArgs;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(&outArgs));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener.assertNotifyKeyWasCalled(&outArgs));
     ASSERT_EQ(args, outArgs);
 }
 
@@ -106,7 +98,7 @@
     NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs = generateBasicMotionArgs();
     mClassifier->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
     NotifyMotionArgs args;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener.assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
     ASSERT_EQ(motionArgs, args);
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +112,7 @@
 
     mClassifier->notifySwitch(&args);
     NotifySwitchArgs outArgs;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifySwitchWasCalled(&outArgs));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener.assertNotifySwitchWasCalled(&outArgs));
     ASSERT_EQ(args, outArgs);
 }
 
@@ -133,7 +125,7 @@
 
     mClassifier->notifyDeviceReset(&args);
     NotifyDeviceResetArgs outArgs;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener->assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&outArgs));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTestListener.assertNotifyDeviceResetWasCalled(&outArgs));
     ASSERT_EQ(args, outArgs);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index ee4d3b8..39c5262 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "../dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h"
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <binder/Binder.h>
@@ -73,6 +74,12 @@
     return event;
 }
 
+static void assertMotionAction(int32_t expectedAction, int32_t receivedAction) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(expectedAction, receivedAction)
+            << "expected " << MotionEvent::actionToString(expectedAction) << ", got "
+            << MotionEvent::actionToString(receivedAction);
+}
+
 // --- FakeInputDispatcherPolicy ---
 
 class FakeInputDispatcherPolicy : public InputDispatcherPolicyInterface {
@@ -85,13 +92,29 @@
     FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
 
     void assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(const NotifyKeyArgs& args) {
-        assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY, args.eventTime, args.action,
-                                        args.displayId);
+        assertFilterInputEventWasCalledInternal([&args](const InputEvent& event) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(event.getType(), AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY);
+            EXPECT_EQ(event.getDisplayId(), args.displayId);
+
+            const auto& keyEvent = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(event);
+            EXPECT_EQ(keyEvent.getEventTime(), args.eventTime);
+            EXPECT_EQ(keyEvent.getAction(), args.action);
+        });
     }
 
-    void assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
-        assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, args.eventTime, args.action,
-                                        args.displayId);
+    void assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(const NotifyMotionArgs& args, vec2 point) {
+        assertFilterInputEventWasCalledInternal([&](const InputEvent& event) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(event.getType(), AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION);
+            EXPECT_EQ(event.getDisplayId(), args.displayId);
+
+            const auto& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(event);
+            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getEventTime(), args.eventTime);
+            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getAction(), args.action);
+            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getX(0), point.x);
+            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getY(0), point.y);
+            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getRawX(0), point.x);
+            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getRawY(0), point.y);
+        });
     }
 
     void assertFilterInputEventWasNotCalled() {
@@ -196,21 +219,21 @@
     template <class T>
     T getAnrTokenLockedInterruptible(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout, std::queue<T>& storage,
                                      std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock) REQUIRES(mLock) {
-        const std::chrono::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-        std::chrono::duration timeToWait = timeout + 100ms; // provide some slack
-
         // If there is an ANR, Dispatcher won't be idle because there are still events
         // in the waitQueue that we need to check on. So we can't wait for dispatcher to be idle
         // before checking if ANR was called.
         // Since dispatcher is not guaranteed to call notifyNoFocusedWindowAnr right away, we need
         // to provide it some time to act. 100ms seems reasonable.
-        mNotifyAnr.wait_for(lock, timeToWait,
-                            [&storage]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return !storage.empty(); });
-        const std::chrono::duration waited = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
-        if (storage.empty()) {
+        std::chrono::duration timeToWait = timeout + 100ms; // provide some slack
+        const std::chrono::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        std::optional<T> token =
+                getItemFromStorageLockedInterruptible(timeToWait, storage, lock, mNotifyAnr);
+        if (!token.has_value()) {
             ADD_FAILURE() << "Did not receive the ANR callback";
             return {};
         }
+
+        const std::chrono::duration waited = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
         // Ensure that the ANR didn't get raised too early. We can't be too strict here because
         // the dispatcher started counting before this function was called
         if (std::chrono::abs(timeout - waited) > 100ms) {
@@ -220,9 +243,24 @@
                           << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(waited).count()
                           << "ms instead";
         }
-        T token = storage.front();
+        return *token;
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    std::optional<T> getItemFromStorageLockedInterruptible(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout,
+                                                           std::queue<T>& storage,
+                                                           std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock,
+                                                           std::condition_variable& condition)
+            REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        condition.wait_for(lock, timeout,
+                           [&storage]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return !storage.empty(); });
+        if (storage.empty()) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Did not receive the expected callback";
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        T item = storage.front();
         storage.pop();
-        return token;
+        return std::make_optional(item);
     }
 
     void assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled() {
@@ -280,6 +318,16 @@
         mNotifyDropWindowWasCalled = false;
     }
 
+    void assertNotifyInputChannelBrokenWasCalled(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
+        std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
+        base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mLock);
+        std::optional<sp<IBinder>> receivedToken =
+                getItemFromStorageLockedInterruptible(100ms, mBrokenInputChannels, lock,
+                                                      mNotifyInputChannelBroken);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(receivedToken.has_value());
+        ASSERT_EQ(token, *receivedToken);
+    }
+
 private:
     std::mutex mLock;
     std::unique_ptr<InputEvent> mFilteredEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
@@ -298,6 +346,8 @@
     std::queue<int32_t> mAnrMonitorPids GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::queue<int32_t> mResponsiveMonitorPids GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::condition_variable mNotifyAnr;
+    std::queue<sp<IBinder>> mBrokenInputChannels GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::condition_variable mNotifyInputChannelBroken;
 
     sp<IBinder> mDropTargetWindowToken GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     bool mNotifyDropWindowWasCalled GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
@@ -338,7 +388,11 @@
         mNotifyAnr.notify_all();
     }
 
-    void notifyInputChannelBroken(const sp<IBinder>&) override {}
+    void notifyInputChannelBroken(const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken) override {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mBrokenInputChannels.push(connectionToken);
+        mNotifyInputChannelBroken.notify_all();
+    }
 
     void notifyFocusChanged(const sp<IBinder>&, const sp<IBinder>&) override {}
 
@@ -418,26 +472,11 @@
         mDropTargetWindowToken = token;
     }
 
-    void assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(int type, nsecs_t eventTime, int32_t action,
-                                         int32_t displayId) {
+    void assertFilterInputEventWasCalledInternal(
+            const std::function<void(const InputEvent&)>& verify) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mFilteredEvent) << "Expected filterInputEvent() to have been called.";
-        ASSERT_EQ(mFilteredEvent->getType(), type);
-
-        if (type == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY) {
-            const KeyEvent& keyEvent = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(*mFilteredEvent);
-            EXPECT_EQ(keyEvent.getEventTime(), eventTime);
-            EXPECT_EQ(keyEvent.getAction(), action);
-            EXPECT_EQ(keyEvent.getDisplayId(), displayId);
-        } else if (type == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION) {
-            const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(*mFilteredEvent);
-            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getEventTime(), eventTime);
-            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getAction(), action);
-            EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getDisplayId(), displayId);
-        } else {
-            FAIL() << "Unknown type: " << type;
-        }
-
+        verify(*mFilteredEvent);
         mFilteredEvent = nullptr;
     }
 };
@@ -447,11 +486,11 @@
 class InputDispatcherTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> mFakePolicy;
-    sp<InputDispatcher> mDispatcher;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher> mDispatcher;
 
     void SetUp() override {
         mFakePolicy = new FakeInputDispatcherPolicy();
-        mDispatcher = new InputDispatcher(mFakePolicy);
+        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(mFakePolicy);
         mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
         // Start InputDispatcher thread
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->start());
@@ -460,7 +499,7 @@
     void TearDown() override {
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->stop());
         mFakePolicy.clear();
-        mDispatcher.clear();
+        mDispatcher.reset();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -535,8 +574,8 @@
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, source, DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC,
                      /*action*/ -1, 0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification,
                      identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -549,8 +588,7 @@
                              (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
                      0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification, identityTransform, 0, 0,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     ui::Transform::ROT_0, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE,
-                     ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -562,8 +600,7 @@
                              (~0U << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
                      0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification, identityTransform, 0, 0,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     ui::Transform::ROT_0, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE,
-                     ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -576,8 +613,7 @@
                              (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
                      0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification, identityTransform, 0, 0,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     ui::Transform::ROT_0, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE,
-                     ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -589,8 +625,7 @@
                              (~0U << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
                      0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification, identityTransform, 0, 0,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     ui::Transform::ROT_0, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE,
-                     ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -601,8 +636,8 @@
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, source, DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification,
                      identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 0, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -612,8 +647,8 @@
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, source, DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification,
                      identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ MAX_POINTERS + 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -625,8 +660,8 @@
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, source, DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification,
                      identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -637,8 +672,8 @@
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, source, DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification,
                      identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -651,8 +686,8 @@
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, source, DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC,
                      AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0, edgeFlags, metaState, 0, classification,
                      identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                     INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE, ARBITRARY_TIME, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, ARBITRARY_TIME,
+                     ARBITRARY_TIME,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 2, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
     ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
               mDispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID,
@@ -683,7 +718,11 @@
 
 // --- InputDispatcherTest SetInputWindowTest ---
 static constexpr std::chrono::duration INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT = 500ms;
-static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT = 5s;
+// Default input dispatching timeout if there is no focused application or paused window
+// from which to determine an appropriate dispatching timeout.
+static const std::chrono::duration DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT = std::chrono::milliseconds(
+        android::os::IInputConstants::UNMULTIPLIED_DEFAULT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT_MILLIS *
+        android::base::HwTimeoutMultiplier());
 
 class FakeApplicationHandle : public InputApplicationHandle {
 public:
@@ -796,7 +835,8 @@
             }
             case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION: {
                 const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(*event);
-                EXPECT_EQ(expectedAction, motionEvent.getAction());
+                assertMotionAction(expectedAction, motionEvent.getAction());
+
                 if (expectedFlags.has_value()) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(expectedFlags.value(), motionEvent.getFlags());
                 }
@@ -808,6 +848,9 @@
             case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_CAPTURE: {
                 FAIL() << "Use 'consumeCaptureEvent' for CAPTURE events";
             }
+            case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE: {
+                FAIL() << "Use 'consumeTouchModeEvent' for TOUCH_MODE events";
+            }
             case AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_DRAG: {
                 FAIL() << "Use 'consumeDragEvent' for DRAG events";
             }
@@ -830,7 +873,6 @@
 
         FocusEvent* focusEvent = static_cast<FocusEvent*>(event);
         EXPECT_EQ(hasFocus, focusEvent->getHasFocus());
-        EXPECT_EQ(inTouchMode, focusEvent->getInTouchMode());
     }
 
     void consumeCaptureEvent(bool hasCapture) {
@@ -865,6 +907,20 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(y, dragEvent.getY());
     }
 
+    void consumeTouchModeEvent(bool inTouchMode) {
+        const InputEvent* event = consume();
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, event) << mName.c_str()
+                                  << ": consumer should have returned non-NULL event.";
+        ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE, event->getType())
+                << "Got " << inputEventTypeToString(event->getType())
+                << " event instead of TOUCH_MODE event";
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE, event->getDisplayId())
+                << mName.c_str() << ": event displayId should always be NONE.";
+        const auto& touchModeEvent = static_cast<const TouchModeEvent&>(*event);
+        EXPECT_EQ(inTouchMode, touchModeEvent.isInTouchMode());
+    }
+
     void assertNoEvents() {
         InputEvent* event = consume();
         if (event == nullptr) {
@@ -886,6 +942,10 @@
             const auto& captureEvent = static_cast<CaptureEvent&>(*event);
             ADD_FAILURE() << "Received capture event, pointerCaptureEnabled = "
                           << (captureEvent.getPointerCaptureEnabled() ? "true" : "false");
+        } else if (event->getType() == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH_MODE) {
+            const auto& touchModeEvent = static_cast<TouchModeEvent&>(*event);
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Received touch mode event, inTouchMode = "
+                          << (touchModeEvent.isInTouchMode() ? "true" : "false");
         }
         FAIL() << mName.c_str()
                << ": should not have received any events, so consume() should return NULL";
@@ -906,7 +966,7 @@
     static const int32_t HEIGHT = 800;
 
     FakeWindowHandle(const std::shared_ptr<InputApplicationHandle>& inputApplicationHandle,
-                     const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const std::string name,
+                     const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const std::string name,
                      int32_t displayId, std::optional<sp<IBinder>> token = std::nullopt)
           : mName(name) {
         if (token == std::nullopt) {
@@ -944,7 +1004,7 @@
 
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> clone(
             const std::shared_ptr<InputApplicationHandle>& inputApplicationHandle,
-            const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t displayId) {
+            const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t displayId) {
         sp<FakeWindowHandle> handle =
                 new FakeWindowHandle(inputApplicationHandle, dispatcher, mInfo.name + "(Mirror)",
                                      displayId, mInfo.token);
@@ -967,16 +1027,24 @@
 
     void setApplicationToken(sp<IBinder> token) { mInfo.applicationInfo.token = token; }
 
-    void setFrame(const Rect& frame) {
+    void setFrame(const Rect& frame, const ui::Transform& displayTransform = ui::Transform()) {
         mInfo.frameLeft = frame.left;
         mInfo.frameTop = frame.top;
         mInfo.frameRight = frame.right;
         mInfo.frameBottom = frame.bottom;
-        mInfo.transform.set(-frame.left, -frame.top);
         mInfo.touchableRegion.clear();
         mInfo.addTouchableRegion(frame);
+
+        const Rect logicalDisplayFrame = displayTransform.transform(frame);
+        ui::Transform translate;
+        translate.set(-logicalDisplayFrame.left, -logicalDisplayFrame.top);
+        mInfo.transform = translate * displayTransform;
     }
 
+    void setType(WindowInfo::Type type) { mInfo.type = type; }
+
+    void setHasWallpaper(bool hasWallpaper) { mInfo.hasWallpaper = hasWallpaper; }
+
     void addFlags(Flags<WindowInfo::Flag> flags) { mInfo.flags |= flags; }
 
     void setFlags(Flags<WindowInfo::Flag> flags) { mInfo.flags = flags; }
@@ -1074,6 +1142,12 @@
         mInputReceiver->consumeDragEvent(isExiting, x, y);
     }
 
+    void consumeTouchModeEvent(bool inTouchMode) {
+        ASSERT_NE(mInputReceiver, nullptr)
+                << "Cannot consume events from a window with no receiver";
+        mInputReceiver->consumeTouchModeEvent(inTouchMode);
+    }
+
     std::optional<uint32_t> receiveEvent(InputEvent** outEvent = nullptr) {
         if (mInputReceiver == nullptr) {
             ADD_FAILURE() << "Invalid receive event on window with no receiver";
@@ -1132,6 +1206,8 @@
         mInfo.ownerUid = ownerUid;
     }
 
+    void destroyReceiver() { mInputReceiver = nullptr; }
+
 private:
     const std::string mName;
     std::unique_ptr<FakeInputReceiver> mInputReceiver;
@@ -1141,7 +1217,7 @@
 std::atomic<int32_t> FakeWindowHandle::sId{1};
 
 static InputEventInjectionResult injectKey(
-        const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t action, int32_t repeatCount,
+        const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t action, int32_t repeatCount,
         int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE,
         InputEventInjectionSync syncMode = InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT,
         std::chrono::milliseconds injectionTimeout = INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
@@ -1163,7 +1239,7 @@
                                         injectionTimeout, policyFlags);
 }
 
-static InputEventInjectionResult injectKeyDown(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+static InputEventInjectionResult injectKeyDown(const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
                                                int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
     return injectKey(dispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, /* repeatCount */ 0, displayId);
 }
@@ -1171,14 +1247,14 @@
 // Inject a down event that has key repeat disabled. This allows InputDispatcher to idle without
 // sending a subsequent key up. When key repeat is enabled, the dispatcher cannot idle because it
 // has to be woken up to process the repeating key.
-static InputEventInjectionResult injectKeyDownNoRepeat(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
-                                                       int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+static InputEventInjectionResult injectKeyDownNoRepeat(
+        const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
     return injectKey(dispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, /* repeatCount */ 0, displayId,
                      InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT, INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
                      /* allowKeyRepeat */ false);
 }
 
-static InputEventInjectionResult injectKeyUp(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+static InputEventInjectionResult injectKeyUp(const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
                                              int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
     return injectKey(dispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP, /* repeatCount */ 0, displayId);
 }
@@ -1280,9 +1356,8 @@
                          mAction, mActionButton, mFlags, /* edgeFlags */ 0, AMETA_NONE,
                          mButtonState, MotionClassification::NONE, identityTransform,
                          /* xPrecision */ 0, /* yPrecision */ 0, mRawXCursorPosition,
-                         mRawYCursorPosition, mDisplayOrientation, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                         mEventTime, mEventTime, mPointers.size(), pointerProperties.data(),
-                         pointerCoords.data());
+                         mRawYCursorPosition, identityTransform, mEventTime, mEventTime,
+                         mPointers.size(), pointerProperties.data(), pointerCoords.data());
 
         return event;
     }
@@ -1297,15 +1372,12 @@
     int32_t mFlags{0};
     float mRawXCursorPosition{AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION};
     float mRawYCursorPosition{AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION};
-    uint32_t mDisplayOrientation{ui::Transform::ROT_0};
-    int32_t mDisplayWidth{INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE};
-    int32_t mDisplayHeight{INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE};
 
     std::vector<PointerBuilder> mPointers;
 };
 
 static InputEventInjectionResult injectMotionEvent(
-        const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const MotionEvent& event,
+        const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const MotionEvent& event,
         std::chrono::milliseconds injectionTimeout = INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
         InputEventInjectionSync injectionMode = InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT) {
     return dispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, injectionMode,
@@ -1314,8 +1386,8 @@
 }
 
 static InputEventInjectionResult injectMotionEvent(
-        const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t action, int32_t source, int32_t displayId,
-        const PointF& position,
+        const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t action, int32_t source,
+        int32_t displayId, const PointF& position,
         const PointF& cursorPosition = {AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
                                         AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION},
         std::chrono::milliseconds injectionTimeout = INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
@@ -1335,13 +1407,13 @@
     return injectMotionEvent(dispatcher, event, injectionTimeout, injectionMode);
 }
 
-static InputEventInjectionResult injectMotionDown(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
-                                                  int32_t source, int32_t displayId,
-                                                  const PointF& location = {100, 200}) {
+static InputEventInjectionResult injectMotionDown(
+        const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t source, int32_t displayId,
+        const PointF& location = {100, 200}) {
     return injectMotionEvent(dispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, source, displayId, location);
 }
 
-static InputEventInjectionResult injectMotionUp(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+static InputEventInjectionResult injectMotionUp(const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
                                                 int32_t source, int32_t displayId,
                                                 const PointF& location = {100, 200}) {
     return injectMotionEvent(dispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, source, displayId, location);
@@ -1399,6 +1471,23 @@
     return NotifyPointerCaptureChangedArgs(/* id */ 0, systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC), request);
 }
 
+/**
+ * When a window unexpectedly disposes of its input channel, policy should be notified about the
+ * broken channel.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WhenInputChannelBreaks_PolicyIsNotified) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Window that breaks its input channel",
+                                 ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    // Window closes its channel, but the window remains.
+    window->destroyReceiver();
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyInputChannelBrokenWasCalled(window->getInfo()->token);
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, SetInputWindow_SingleWindowTouch) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
@@ -1413,6 +1502,21 @@
     window->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WhenDisplayNotSpecified_InjectMotionToDefaultDisplay) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    // Inject a MotionEvent to an unknown display.
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_NONE))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    // Window should receive motion event.
+    window->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+}
+
 /**
  * Calling setInputWindows once with FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL should not cause any issues.
  * To ensure that window receives only events that were directly inside of it, add
@@ -1480,6 +1584,244 @@
     windowSecond->assertNoEvents();
 }
 
+/**
+ * Two windows: A top window, and a wallpaper behind the window.
+ * Touch goes to the top window, and then top window disappears. Ensure that wallpaper window
+ * gets ACTION_CANCEL.
+ * 1. foregroundWindow <-- has wallpaper (hasWallpaper=true)
+ * 2. wallpaperWindow <-- is wallpaper (type=InputWindowInfo::Type::WALLPAPER)
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WhenForegroundWindowDisappears_WallpaperTouchIsCanceled) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> foregroundWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Foreground", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    foregroundWindow->setHasWallpaper(true);
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> wallpaperWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Wallpaper", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->setType(WindowInfo::Type::WALLPAPER);
+    constexpr int expectedWallpaperFlags =
+            AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED | AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED;
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {foregroundWindow, wallpaperWindow}}});
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    // Both foreground window and its wallpaper should receive the touch down
+    foregroundWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 200}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    foregroundWindow->consumeMotionMove();
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionMove(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    // Now the foreground window goes away, but the wallpaper stays
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {wallpaperWindow}}});
+    foregroundWindow->consumeMotionCancel();
+    // Since the "parent" window of the wallpaper is gone, wallpaper should receive cancel, too.
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionCancel(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Same test as WhenForegroundWindowDisappears_WallpaperTouchIsCanceled above,
+ * with the following differences:
+ * After ACTION_DOWN, Wallpaper window hangs up its channel, which forces the dispatcher to
+ * clean up the connection.
+ * This later may crash dispatcher during ACTION_CANCEL synthesis, if the dispatcher is not careful.
+ * Ensure that there's no crash in the dispatcher.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WhenWallpaperDisappears_NoCrash) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> foregroundWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Foreground", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    foregroundWindow->setHasWallpaper(true);
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> wallpaperWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Wallpaper", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->setType(WindowInfo::Type::WALLPAPER);
+    constexpr int expectedWallpaperFlags =
+            AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED | AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED;
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {foregroundWindow, wallpaperWindow}}});
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    // Both foreground window and its wallpaper should receive the touch down
+    foregroundWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 200}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    foregroundWindow->consumeMotionMove();
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionMove(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    // Wallpaper closes its channel, but the window remains.
+    wallpaperWindow->destroyReceiver();
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyInputChannelBrokenWasCalled(wallpaperWindow->getInfo()->token);
+
+    // Now the foreground window goes away, but the wallpaper stays, even though its channel
+    // is no longer valid.
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {wallpaperWindow}}});
+    foregroundWindow->consumeMotionCancel();
+}
+
+/**
+ * A single window that receives touch (on top), and a wallpaper window underneath it.
+ * The top window gets a multitouch gesture.
+ * Ensure that wallpaper gets the same gesture.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WallpaperWindow_ReceivesMultiTouch) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Top", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    window->setHasWallpaper(true);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> wallpaperWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Wallpaper", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->setType(WindowInfo::Type::WALLPAPER);
+    constexpr int expectedWallpaperFlags =
+            AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED | AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED;
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window, wallpaperWindow}}});
+
+    // Touch down on top window
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 100}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    // Both top window and its wallpaper should receive the touch down
+    window->consumeMotionDown();
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    // Second finger down on the top window
+    const MotionEvent secondFingerDownEvent =
+            MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN |
+                                       (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                               AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                    .eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER)
+                                     .x(100)
+                                     .y(100))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 1, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER)
+                                     .x(150)
+                                     .y(150))
+                    .build();
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, secondFingerDownEvent, INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+                                InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    window->consumeMotionPointerDown(1 /* pointerIndex */);
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionPointerDown(1 /* pointerIndex */, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                              expectedWallpaperFlags);
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+    wallpaperWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Two windows: a window on the left and window on the right.
+ * A third window, wallpaper, is behind both windows, and spans both top windows.
+ * The first touch down goes to the left window. A second pointer touches down on the right window.
+ * The touch is split, so both left and right windows should receive ACTION_DOWN.
+ * The wallpaper will get the full event, so it should receive ACTION_DOWN followed by
+ * ACTION_POINTER_DOWN(1).
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, TwoWindows_SplitWallpaperTouch) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> leftWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Left", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    leftWindow->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 200, 200));
+    leftWindow->setFlags(WindowInfo::Flag::SPLIT_TOUCH | WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_TOUCH_MODAL);
+    leftWindow->setHasWallpaper(true);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> rightWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Right", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    rightWindow->setFrame(Rect(200, 0, 400, 200));
+    rightWindow->setFlags(WindowInfo::Flag::SPLIT_TOUCH | WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_TOUCH_MODAL);
+    rightWindow->setHasWallpaper(true);
+
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> wallpaperWindow =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Wallpaper", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 400, 200));
+    wallpaperWindow->setType(WindowInfo::Type::WALLPAPER);
+    constexpr int expectedWallpaperFlags =
+            AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED | AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_PARTIALLY_OBSCURED;
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows(
+            {{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {leftWindow, rightWindow, wallpaperWindow}}});
+
+    // Touch down on left window
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 100}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    // Both foreground window and its wallpaper should receive the touch down
+    leftWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    // Second finger down on the right window
+    const MotionEvent secondFingerDownEvent =
+            MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN |
+                                       (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT),
+                               AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                    .eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER)
+                                     .x(100)
+                                     .y(100))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 1, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER)
+                                     .x(300)
+                                     .y(100))
+                    .build();
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, secondFingerDownEvent, INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+                                InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    leftWindow->consumeMotionMove();
+    // Since the touch is split, right window gets ACTION_DOWN
+    rightWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionPointerDown(1 /* pointerIndex */, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                              expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    // Now, leftWindow, which received the first finger, disappears.
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {rightWindow, wallpaperWindow}}});
+    leftWindow->consumeMotionCancel();
+    // Since a "parent" window of the wallpaper is gone, wallpaper should receive cancel, too.
+    wallpaperWindow->consumeMotionCancel(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, expectedWallpaperFlags);
+
+    // The pointer that's still down on the right window moves, and goes to the right window only.
+    // As far as the dispatcher's concerned though, both pointers are still present.
+    const MotionEvent secondFingerMoveEvent =
+            MotionEventBuilder(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN)
+                    .eventTime(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 0, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER)
+                                     .x(100)
+                                     .y(100))
+                    .pointer(PointerBuilder(/* id */ 1, AMOTION_EVENT_TOOL_TYPE_FINGER)
+                                     .x(310)
+                                     .y(110))
+                    .build();
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, secondFingerMoveEvent, INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+                                InputEventInjectionSync::WAIT_FOR_RESULT));
+    rightWindow->consumeMotionMove();
+
+    leftWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    rightWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    wallpaperWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, HoverMoveEnterMouseClickAndHoverMoveExit) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> windowLeft =
@@ -1745,8 +2087,121 @@
                          0 /*expectedFlags*/);
 }
 
-using TransferFunction =
-        std::function<bool(sp<InputDispatcher> dispatcher, sp<IBinder>, sp<IBinder>)>;
+/**
+ * Ensure the correct coordinate spaces are used by InputDispatcher.
+ *
+ * InputDispatcher works in the display space, so its coordinate system is relative to the display
+ * panel. Windows get events in the window space, and get raw coordinates in the logical display
+ * space.
+ */
+class InputDispatcherDisplayProjectionTest : public InputDispatcherTest {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        InputDispatcherTest::SetUp();
+        mDisplayInfos.clear();
+        mWindowInfos.clear();
+    }
+
+    void addDisplayInfo(int displayId, const ui::Transform& transform) {
+        gui::DisplayInfo info;
+        info.displayId = displayId;
+        info.transform = transform;
+        mDisplayInfos.push_back(std::move(info));
+        mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged(mWindowInfos, mDisplayInfos);
+    }
+
+    void addWindow(const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& windowHandle) {
+        mWindowInfos.push_back(*windowHandle->getInfo());
+        mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged(mWindowInfos, mDisplayInfos);
+    }
+
+    // Set up a test scenario where the display has a scaled projection and there are two windows
+    // on the display.
+    std::pair<sp<FakeWindowHandle>, sp<FakeWindowHandle>> setupScaledDisplayScenario() {
+        // The display has a projection that has a scale factor of 2 and 4 in the x and y directions
+        // respectively.
+        ui::Transform displayTransform;
+        displayTransform.set(2, 0, 0, 4);
+        addDisplayInfo(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, displayTransform);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application =
+                std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+
+        // Add two windows to the display. Their frames are represented in the display space.
+        sp<FakeWindowHandle> firstWindow =
+                new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "First Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+        firstWindow->addFlags(WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_TOUCH_MODAL);
+        firstWindow->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 100, 200), displayTransform);
+        addWindow(firstWindow);
+
+        sp<FakeWindowHandle> secondWindow =
+                new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Second Window",
+                                     ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+        secondWindow->addFlags(WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_TOUCH_MODAL);
+        secondWindow->setFrame(Rect(100, 200, 200, 400), displayTransform);
+        addWindow(secondWindow);
+        return {std::move(firstWindow), std::move(secondWindow)};
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo> mDisplayInfos;
+    std::vector<gui::WindowInfo> mWindowInfos;
+};
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherDisplayProjectionTest, HitTestsInDisplaySpace) {
+    auto [firstWindow, secondWindow] = setupScaledDisplayScenario();
+    // Send down to the first window. The point is represented in the display space. The point is
+    // selected so that if the hit test was done with the transform applied to it, then it would
+    // end up in the incorrect window.
+    NotifyMotionArgs downMotionArgs =
+            generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                               ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {PointF{75, 55}});
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&downMotionArgs);
+
+    firstWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    secondWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+// Ensure that when a MotionEvent is injected through the InputDispatcher::injectInputEvent() API,
+// the event should be treated as being in the logical display space.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherDisplayProjectionTest, InjectionInLogicalDisplaySpace) {
+    auto [firstWindow, secondWindow] = setupScaledDisplayScenario();
+    // Send down to the first window. The point is represented in the logical display space. The
+    // point is selected so that if the hit test was done in logical display space, then it would
+    // end up in the incorrect window.
+    injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                     PointF{75 * 2, 55 * 4});
+
+    firstWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    secondWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherDisplayProjectionTest, WindowGetsEventsInCorrectCoordinateSpace) {
+    auto [firstWindow, secondWindow] = setupScaledDisplayScenario();
+
+    // Send down to the second window.
+    NotifyMotionArgs downMotionArgs =
+            generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                               ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {PointF{150, 220}});
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&downMotionArgs);
+
+    firstWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    const MotionEvent* event = secondWindow->consumeMotion();
+    EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, event->getAction());
+
+    // Ensure that the events from the "getRaw" API are in logical display coordinates.
+    EXPECT_EQ(300, event->getRawX(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(880, event->getRawY(0));
+
+    // Ensure that the x and y values are in the window's coordinate space.
+    // The left-top of the second window is at (100, 200) in display space, which is (200, 800) in
+    // the logical display space. This will be the origin of the window space.
+    EXPECT_EQ(100, event->getX(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(80, event->getY(0));
+}
+
+using TransferFunction = std::function<bool(const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+                                            sp<IBinder>, sp<IBinder>)>;
 
 class TransferTouchFixture : public InputDispatcherTest,
                              public ::testing::WithParamInterface<TransferFunction> {};
@@ -1859,12 +2314,12 @@
 // for the case where there are multiple pointers split across several windows.
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(TransferFunctionTests, TransferTouchFixture,
                          ::testing::Values(
-                                 [&](sp<InputDispatcher> dispatcher, sp<IBinder> /*ignored*/,
-                                     sp<IBinder> destChannelToken) {
+                                 [&](const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+                                     sp<IBinder> /*ignored*/, sp<IBinder> destChannelToken) {
                                      return dispatcher->transferTouch(destChannelToken);
                                  },
-                                 [&](sp<InputDispatcher> dispatcher, sp<IBinder> from,
-                                     sp<IBinder> to) {
+                                 [&](const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+                                     sp<IBinder> from, sp<IBinder> to) {
                                      return dispatcher->transferTouchFocus(from, to,
                                                                            false /*isDragAndDrop*/);
                                  }));
@@ -2273,7 +2728,7 @@
 
 class FakeMonitorReceiver {
 public:
-    FakeMonitorReceiver(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const std::string name,
+    FakeMonitorReceiver(const std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, const std::string name,
                         int32_t displayId, bool isGestureMonitor = false) {
         base::Result<std::unique_ptr<InputChannel>> channel =
                 dispatcher->createInputMonitor(displayId, isGestureMonitor, name, MONITOR_PID);
@@ -2296,6 +2751,11 @@
                                      expectedDisplayId, expectedFlags);
     }
 
+    void consumeMotionMove(int32_t expectedDisplayId, int32_t expectedFlags = 0) {
+        mInputReceiver->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE,
+                                     expectedDisplayId, expectedFlags);
+    }
+
     void consumeMotionUp(int32_t expectedDisplayId, int32_t expectedFlags = 0) {
         mInputReceiver->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP,
                                      expectedDisplayId, expectedFlags);
@@ -2332,6 +2792,57 @@
     std::unique_ptr<FakeInputReceiver> mInputReceiver;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Two entities that receive touch: A window, and a global monitor.
+ * The touch goes to the window, and then the window disappears.
+ * The monitor does not get cancel right away. But if more events come in, the touch gets canceled
+ * for the monitor, as well.
+ * 1. foregroundWindow
+ * 2. monitor <-- global monitor (doesn't observe z order, receives all events)
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, WhenForegroundWindowDisappears_GlobalMonitorTouchIsCanceled) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
+            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Foreground", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor =
+            FakeMonitorReceiver(mDispatcher, "GlobalMonitor", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                false /*isGestureMonitor*/);
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {100, 200}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    // Both the foreground window and the global monitor should receive the touch down
+    window->consumeMotionDown();
+    monitor.consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {110, 200}))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+
+    window->consumeMotionMove();
+    monitor.consumeMotionMove(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    // Now the foreground window goes away
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {}}});
+    window->consumeMotionCancel();
+    monitor.assertNoEvents(); // Global monitor does not get a cancel yet
+
+    // If more events come in, there will be no more foreground window to send them to. This will
+    // cause a cancel for the monitor, as well.
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED,
+              injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                                ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {120, 200}))
+            << "Injection should fail because the window was removed";
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+    // Global monitor now gets the cancel
+    monitor.consumeMotionCancel(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+}
+
 // Tests for gesture monitors
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, GestureMonitor_ReceivesMotionEvents) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
@@ -2433,6 +2944,17 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ui::Transform(), event->getTransform());
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, GestureMonitor_NoWindow) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor = FakeMonitorReceiver(mDispatcher, "GM_1", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                                      true /*isGestureMonitor*/);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT))
+            << "Inject motion event should return InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED";
+    monitor.consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, TestMoveEvent) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
@@ -2561,7 +3083,6 @@
     SCOPED_TRACE("Check default value of touch mode");
     mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
     setFocusedWindow(window);
-
     window->consumeFocusEvent(true /*hasFocus*/, true /*inTouchMode*/);
 
     SCOPED_TRACE("Remove the window to trigger focus loss");
@@ -2571,6 +3092,7 @@
 
     SCOPED_TRACE("Disable touch mode");
     mDispatcher->setInTouchMode(false);
+    window->consumeTouchModeEvent(false);
     window->setFocusable(true);
     mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
     setFocusedWindow(window);
@@ -2583,6 +3105,7 @@
 
     SCOPED_TRACE("Enable touch mode again");
     mDispatcher->setInTouchMode(true);
+    window->consumeTouchModeEvent(true);
     window->setFocusable(true);
     mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
     setFocusedWindow(window);
@@ -2637,7 +3160,14 @@
 
     mDispatcher->setFocusedApplication(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, application);
 
-    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    ui::Transform transform;
+    transform.set({1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 0, 0, 1});
+
+    gui::DisplayInfo displayInfo;
+    displayInfo.displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+    displayInfo.transform = transform;
+
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({*window->getInfo()}, {displayInfo});
 
     NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs =
             generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
@@ -2658,8 +3188,11 @@
 
     const VerifiedMotionEvent& verifiedMotion = static_cast<const VerifiedMotionEvent&>(*verified);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(motionArgs.pointerCoords[0].getX(), verifiedMotion.rawX);
-    EXPECT_EQ(motionArgs.pointerCoords[0].getY(), verifiedMotion.rawY);
+    const vec2 rawXY =
+            MotionEvent::calculateTransformedXY(motionArgs.source, transform,
+                                                motionArgs.pointerCoords[0].getXYValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ(rawXY.x, verifiedMotion.rawX);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rawXY.y, verifiedMotion.rawY);
     EXPECT_EQ(motionArgs.action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK, verifiedMotion.actionMasked);
     EXPECT_EQ(motionArgs.downTime, verifiedMotion.downTimeNanos);
     EXPECT_EQ(motionArgs.flags & VERIFIED_MOTION_EVENT_FLAGS, verifiedMotion.flags);
@@ -2667,59 +3200,6 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(motionArgs.buttonState, verifiedMotion.buttonState);
 }
 
-TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, NonPointerMotionEvent_JoystickAndTouchpadNotTransformed) {
-    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
-    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
-            new FakeWindowHandle(application, mDispatcher, "Test window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
-    const std::string name = window->getName();
-
-    // Window gets transformed by offset values.
-    window->setWindowOffset(500.0f, 500.0f);
-
-    mDispatcher->setFocusedApplication(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, application);
-    window->setFocusable(true);
-
-    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
-
-    // First, we set focused window so that focusedWindowHandle is not null.
-    setFocusedWindow(window);
-
-    // Second, we consume focus event if it is right or wrong according to onFocusChangedLocked.
-    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
-
-    constexpr const std::array nonTransformedSources = {std::pair(AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHPAD,
-                                                                  AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN),
-                                                        std::pair(AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK,
-                                                                  AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE)};
-    for (const auto& [source, action] : nonTransformedSources) {
-        const NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs = generateMotionArgs(action, source, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
-        mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
-
-        MotionEvent* event = window->consumeMotion();
-        ASSERT_NE(event, nullptr);
-
-        const MotionEvent& motionEvent = *event;
-        EXPECT_EQ(action, motionEvent.getAction());
-        EXPECT_EQ(motionArgs.pointerCount, motionEvent.getPointerCount());
-
-        float expectedX = motionArgs.pointerCoords[0].getX();
-        float expectedY = motionArgs.pointerCoords[0].getY();
-
-        // Ensure the axis values from the final motion event are not transformed.
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedX, motionEvent.getX(0))
-                << "expected " << expectedX << " for x coord of " << name.c_str() << ", got "
-                << motionEvent.getX(0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedY, motionEvent.getY(0))
-                << "expected " << expectedY << " for y coord of " << name.c_str() << ", got "
-                << motionEvent.getY(0);
-        // Ensure the raw and transformed axis values for the motion event are the same.
-        EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getRawX(0), motionEvent.getX(0))
-                << "expected raw and transformed X-axis values to be equal";
-        EXPECT_EQ(motionEvent.getRawY(0), motionEvent.getY(0))
-                << "expected raw and transformed Y-axis values to be equal";
-    }
-}
-
 /**
  * Ensure that separate calls to sign the same data are generating the same key.
  * We avoid asserting against INVALID_HMAC. Since the key is random, there is a non-zero chance
@@ -3015,7 +3495,7 @@
     virtual void SetUp() override {
         mFakePolicy = new FakeInputDispatcherPolicy();
         mFakePolicy->setKeyRepeatConfiguration(KEY_REPEAT_TIMEOUT, KEY_REPEAT_DELAY);
-        mDispatcher = new InputDispatcher(mFakePolicy);
+        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(mFakePolicy);
         mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->start());
 
@@ -3318,7 +3798,8 @@
 
 class InputFilterTest : public InputDispatcherTest {
 protected:
-    void testNotifyMotion(int32_t displayId, bool expectToBeFiltered) {
+    void testNotifyMotion(int32_t displayId, bool expectToBeFiltered,
+                          const ui::Transform& transform = ui::Transform()) {
         NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs;
 
         motionArgs =
@@ -3329,7 +3810,8 @@
         mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
         if (expectToBeFiltered) {
-            mFakePolicy->assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(motionArgs);
+            const auto xy = transform.transform(motionArgs.pointerCoords->getXYValue());
+            mFakePolicy->assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(motionArgs, xy);
         } else {
             mFakePolicy->assertFilterInputEventWasNotCalled();
         }
@@ -3387,6 +3869,30 @@
     testNotifyKey(/*expectToBeFiltered*/ false);
 }
 
+// Ensure that MotionEvents sent to the InputFilter through InputListener are converted to the
+// logical display coordinate space.
+TEST_F(InputFilterTest, MotionEvent_UsesLogicalDisplayCoordinates_notifyMotion) {
+    ui::Transform firstDisplayTransform;
+    firstDisplayTransform.set({1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 0, 0, 1});
+    ui::Transform secondDisplayTransform;
+    secondDisplayTransform.set({-6.6, -5.5, -4.4, -3.3, -2.2, -1.1, 0, 0, 1});
+
+    std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo> displayInfos(2);
+    displayInfos[0].displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT;
+    displayInfos[0].transform = firstDisplayTransform;
+    displayInfos[1].displayId = SECOND_DISPLAY_ID;
+    displayInfos[1].transform = secondDisplayTransform;
+
+    mDispatcher->onWindowInfosChanged({}, displayInfos);
+
+    // Enable InputFilter
+    mDispatcher->setInputFilterEnabled(true);
+
+    // Ensure the correct transforms are used for the displays.
+    testNotifyMotion(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, /*expectToBeFiltered*/ true, firstDisplayTransform);
+    testNotifyMotion(SECOND_DISPLAY_ID, /*expectToBeFiltered*/ true, secondDisplayTransform);
+}
+
 class InputFilterInjectionPolicyTest : public InputDispatcherTest {
 protected:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
@@ -3451,8 +3957,7 @@
                          DISPLAY_ID, INVALID_HMAC, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0, 0,
                          AMOTION_EVENT_EDGE_FLAG_NONE, AMETA_NONE, 0, MotionClassification::NONE,
                          identityTransform, 0, 0, AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                         AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
-                         0 /*INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE*/, 0 /*INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE*/, eventTime,
+                         AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION, identityTransform, eventTime,
                          eventTime,
                          /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
 
@@ -3659,7 +4164,7 @@
                 << " event, got " << inputEventTypeToString(event->getType()) << " event";
 
         const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(*event);
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedAction, motionEvent.getAction());
+        assertMotionAction(expectedAction, motionEvent.getAction());
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
             float expectedX = points[i].x;
@@ -5693,4 +6198,43 @@
     window->assertNoEvents();
 }
 
+class InputDispatcherTouchModeChangedTests : public InputDispatcherTest {
+protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> mApp;
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> mWindow;
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> mSecondWindow;
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        InputDispatcherTest::SetUp();
+
+        mApp = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+        mWindow = new FakeWindowHandle(mApp, mDispatcher, "TestWindow", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+        mWindow->setFocusable(true);
+        mSecondWindow = new FakeWindowHandle(mApp, mDispatcher, "TestWindow2", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+        mSecondWindow->setFocusable(true);
+
+        mDispatcher->setFocusedApplication(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, mApp);
+        mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow, mSecondWindow}}});
+
+        setFocusedWindow(mWindow);
+        mWindow->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+    }
+
+    void changeAndVerifyTouchMode(bool inTouchMode) {
+        mDispatcher->setInTouchMode(inTouchMode);
+        mWindow->consumeTouchModeEvent(inTouchMode);
+        mSecondWindow->consumeTouchModeEvent(inTouchMode);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTouchModeChangedTests, ChangeTouchModeOnFocusedWindow) {
+    changeAndVerifyTouchMode(!InputDispatcher::kDefaultInTouchMode);
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTouchModeChangedTests, EventIsNotGeneratedIfNotChangingTouchMode) {
+    mDispatcher->setInTouchMode(InputDispatcher::kDefaultInTouchMode);
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    mSecondWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
index b419d9a..336afc6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputReader_test.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 #include <CursorInputMapper.h>
 #include <InputDevice.h>
-#include <InputFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
 #include <InputMapper.h>
 #include <InputReader.h>
 #include <InputReaderBase.h>
@@ -205,7 +204,7 @@
     std::condition_variable mDevicesChangedCondition;
 
     InputReaderConfiguration mConfig;
-    std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<FakePointerController>> mPointerControllers;
+    std::shared_ptr<FakePointerController> mPointerController;
     std::vector<InputDeviceInfo> mInputDevices GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     bool mInputDevicesChanged GUARDED_BY(mLock){false};
     std::vector<DisplayViewport> mViewports;
@@ -250,14 +249,35 @@
         return mConfig.getDisplayViewportByPort(displayPort);
     }
 
+    void addDisplayViewport(DisplayViewport viewport) {
+        mViewports.push_back(std::move(viewport));
+        mConfig.setDisplayViewports(mViewports);
+    }
+
     void addDisplayViewport(int32_t displayId, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t orientation,
                             bool isActive, const std::string& uniqueId,
-                            std::optional<uint8_t> physicalPort, ViewportType viewportType) {
-        const DisplayViewport viewport =
-                createDisplayViewport(displayId, width, height, orientation, isActive, uniqueId,
-                                      physicalPort, viewportType);
-        mViewports.push_back(viewport);
-        mConfig.setDisplayViewports(mViewports);
+                            std::optional<uint8_t> physicalPort, ViewportType type) {
+        const bool isRotated =
+                (orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90 || orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270);
+        DisplayViewport v;
+        v.displayId = displayId;
+        v.orientation = orientation;
+        v.logicalLeft = 0;
+        v.logicalTop = 0;
+        v.logicalRight = isRotated ? height : width;
+        v.logicalBottom = isRotated ? width : height;
+        v.physicalLeft = 0;
+        v.physicalTop = 0;
+        v.physicalRight = isRotated ? height : width;
+        v.physicalBottom = isRotated ? width : height;
+        v.deviceWidth = isRotated ? height : width;
+        v.deviceHeight = isRotated ? width : height;
+        v.isActive = isActive;
+        v.uniqueId = uniqueId;
+        v.physicalPort = physicalPort;
+        v.type = type;
+
+        addDisplayViewport(v);
     }
 
     bool updateViewport(const DisplayViewport& viewport) {
@@ -291,8 +311,8 @@
 
     void removeDisabledDevice(int32_t deviceId) { mConfig.disabledDevices.erase(deviceId); }
 
-    void setPointerController(int32_t deviceId, std::shared_ptr<FakePointerController> controller) {
-        mPointerControllers.insert_or_assign(deviceId, std::move(controller));
+    void setPointerController(std::shared_ptr<FakePointerController> controller) {
+        mPointerController = std::move(controller);
     }
 
     const InputReaderConfiguration* getReaderConfiguration() const {
@@ -330,38 +350,13 @@
 private:
     uint32_t mNextPointerCaptureSequenceNumber = 0;
 
-    DisplayViewport createDisplayViewport(int32_t displayId, int32_t width, int32_t height,
-                                          int32_t orientation, bool isActive,
-                                          const std::string& uniqueId,
-                                          std::optional<uint8_t> physicalPort, ViewportType type) {
-        bool isRotated = (orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90
-                || orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270);
-        DisplayViewport v;
-        v.displayId = displayId;
-        v.orientation = orientation;
-        v.logicalLeft = 0;
-        v.logicalTop = 0;
-        v.logicalRight = isRotated ? height : width;
-        v.logicalBottom = isRotated ? width : height;
-        v.physicalLeft = 0;
-        v.physicalTop = 0;
-        v.physicalRight = isRotated ? height : width;
-        v.physicalBottom = isRotated ? width : height;
-        v.deviceWidth = isRotated ? height : width;
-        v.deviceHeight = isRotated ? width : height;
-        v.isActive = isActive;
-        v.uniqueId = uniqueId;
-        v.physicalPort = physicalPort;
-        v.type = type;
-        return v;
-    }
-
     void getReaderConfiguration(InputReaderConfiguration* outConfig) override {
         *outConfig = mConfig;
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<PointerControllerInterface> obtainPointerController(int32_t deviceId) override {
-        return mPointerControllers[deviceId];
+    std::shared_ptr<PointerControllerInterface> obtainPointerController(
+            int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
+        return mPointerController;
     }
 
     void notifyInputDevicesChanged(const std::vector<InputDeviceInfo>& inputDevices) override {
@@ -873,6 +868,24 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    bool hasKeyCode(int32_t deviceId, int32_t keyCode) const override {
+        Device* device = getDevice(deviceId);
+        if (!device) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < device->keysByScanCode.size(); i++) {
+            if (keyCode == device->keysByScanCode.valueAt(i).keyCode) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < device->keysByUsageCode.size(); j++) {
+            if (keyCode == device->keysByUsageCode.valueAt(j).keyCode) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     bool hasLed(int32_t deviceId, int32_t led) const override {
         Device* device = getDevice(deviceId);
         return device && device->leds.indexOfKey(led) >= 0;
@@ -1172,7 +1185,7 @@
 public:
     InstrumentedInputReader(std::shared_ptr<EventHubInterface> eventHub,
                             const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& policy,
-                            const sp<InputListenerInterface>& listener)
+                            InputListenerInterface& listener)
           : InputReader(eventHub, policy, listener), mFakeContext(this) {}
 
     virtual ~InstrumentedInputReader() {}
@@ -1485,7 +1498,7 @@
 
 class InputReaderTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
-    sp<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
+    std::unique_ptr<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
     sp<FakeInputReaderPolicy> mFakePolicy;
     std::shared_ptr<FakeEventHub> mFakeEventHub;
     std::unique_ptr<InstrumentedInputReader> mReader;
@@ -1493,14 +1506,14 @@
     void SetUp() override {
         mFakeEventHub = std::make_unique<FakeEventHub>();
         mFakePolicy = new FakeInputReaderPolicy();
-        mFakeListener = new TestInputListener();
+        mFakeListener = std::make_unique<TestInputListener>();
 
         mReader = std::make_unique<InstrumentedInputReader>(mFakeEventHub, mFakePolicy,
-                                                            mFakeListener);
+                                                            *mFakeListener);
     }
 
     void TearDown() override {
-        mFakeListener.clear();
+        mFakeListener.reset();
         mFakePolicy.clear();
     }
 
@@ -2131,16 +2144,21 @@
 // the tests to fail.
 class InputReaderIntegrationTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
-    sp<TestInputListener> mTestListener;
+    std::unique_ptr<TestInputListener> mTestListener;
     sp<FakeInputReaderPolicy> mFakePolicy;
-    sp<InputReaderInterface> mReader;
+    std::unique_ptr<InputReaderInterface> mReader;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<FakePointerController> mFakePointerController;
 
     void SetUp() override {
         mFakePolicy = new FakeInputReaderPolicy();
-        mTestListener = new TestInputListener(2000ms /*eventHappenedTimeout*/,
-                                              30ms /*eventDidNotHappenTimeout*/);
+        mFakePointerController = std::make_shared<FakePointerController>();
+        mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mFakePointerController);
+        mTestListener = std::make_unique<TestInputListener>(2000ms /*eventHappenedTimeout*/,
+                                                            30ms /*eventDidNotHappenTimeout*/);
 
-        mReader = new InputReader(std::make_shared<EventHub>(), mFakePolicy, mTestListener);
+        mReader = std::make_unique<InputReader>(std::make_shared<EventHub>(), mFakePolicy,
+                                                *mTestListener);
         ASSERT_EQ(mReader->start(), OK);
 
         // Since this test is run on a real device, all the input devices connected
@@ -2152,7 +2170,8 @@
 
     void TearDown() override {
         ASSERT_EQ(mReader->stop(), OK);
-        mTestListener.clear();
+        mReader.reset();
+        mTestListener.reset();
         mFakePolicy.clear();
     }
 };
@@ -2406,16 +2425,16 @@
 
     std::shared_ptr<FakeEventHub> mFakeEventHub;
     sp<FakeInputReaderPolicy> mFakePolicy;
-    sp<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
+    std::unique_ptr<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
     std::unique_ptr<InstrumentedInputReader> mReader;
     std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> mDevice;
 
     void SetUp() override {
         mFakeEventHub = std::make_unique<FakeEventHub>();
         mFakePolicy = new FakeInputReaderPolicy();
-        mFakeListener = new TestInputListener();
+        mFakeListener = std::make_unique<TestInputListener>();
         mReader = std::make_unique<InstrumentedInputReader>(mFakeEventHub, mFakePolicy,
-                                                            mFakeListener);
+                                                            *mFakeListener);
         InputDeviceIdentifier identifier;
         identifier.name = DEVICE_NAME;
         identifier.location = DEVICE_LOCATION;
@@ -2427,7 +2446,7 @@
     }
 
     void TearDown() override {
-        mFakeListener.clear();
+        mFakeListener.reset();
         mFakePolicy.clear();
     }
 };
@@ -2675,36 +2694,29 @@
     static const int32_t DEVICE_CONTROLLER_NUMBER;
     static const Flags<InputDeviceClass> DEVICE_CLASSES;
     static const int32_t EVENTHUB_ID;
-    static const std::optional<bool> INITIAL_PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION_FLAG_VALUE;
 
     std::shared_ptr<FakeEventHub> mFakeEventHub;
     sp<FakeInputReaderPolicy> mFakePolicy;
-    sp<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
+    std::unique_ptr<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
     std::unique_ptr<InstrumentedInputReader> mReader;
     std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> mDevice;
 
     virtual void SetUp(Flags<InputDeviceClass> classes) {
         mFakeEventHub = std::make_unique<FakeEventHub>();
         mFakePolicy = new FakeInputReaderPolicy();
-        mFakeListener = new TestInputListener();
+        mFakeListener = std::make_unique<TestInputListener>();
         mReader = std::make_unique<InstrumentedInputReader>(mFakeEventHub, mFakePolicy,
-                                                            mFakeListener);
+                                                            *mFakeListener);
         mDevice = newDevice(DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_NAME, DEVICE_LOCATION, EVENTHUB_ID, classes);
     }
 
     void SetUp() override {
-        // Ensure per_window_input_rotation is enabled.
-        sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation(true);
-
         SetUp(DEVICE_CLASSES);
     }
 
     void TearDown() override {
-        mFakeListener.clear();
+        mFakeListener.reset();
         mFakePolicy.clear();
-
-        sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation(
-                INITIAL_PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION_FLAG_VALUE);
     }
 
     void addConfigurationProperty(const char* key, const char* value) {
@@ -2816,8 +2828,6 @@
 const Flags<InputDeviceClass> InputMapperTest::DEVICE_CLASSES =
         Flags<InputDeviceClass>(0); // not needed for current tests
 const int32_t InputMapperTest::EVENTHUB_ID = 1;
-const std::optional<bool> InputMapperTest::INITIAL_PER_WINDOW_INPUT_ROTATION_FLAG_VALUE =
-        sysprop::InputFlingerProperties::per_window_input_rotation();
 
 // --- SwitchInputMapperTest ---
 
@@ -3732,6 +3742,25 @@
               mapper2.getMetaState());
 }
 
+TEST_F(KeyboardInputMapperTest, Process_toggleCapsLockState) {
+    mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_CAPSLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_CAPS_LOCK, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_NUMLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_NUM_LOCK, 0);
+    mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, KEY_SCROLLLOCK, 0, AKEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK, 0);
+
+    // Suppose we have two mappers. (DPAD + KEYBOARD)
+    addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_DPAD,
+                                               AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_NON_ALPHABETIC);
+    KeyboardInputMapper& mapper =
+            addMapperAndConfigure<KeyboardInputMapper>(AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                                                       AINPUT_KEYBOARD_TYPE_ALPHABETIC);
+    // Initialize metastate to AMETA_NUM_LOCK_ON.
+    ASSERT_EQ(AMETA_NUM_LOCK_ON, mapper.getMetaState());
+    mapper.updateMetaState(AKEYCODE_NUM_LOCK);
+
+    mReader->toggleCapsLockState(DEVICE_ID);
+    ASSERT_EQ(AMETA_CAPS_LOCK_ON, mapper.getMetaState());
+}
+
 // --- KeyboardInputMapperTest_ExternalDevice ---
 
 class KeyboardInputMapperTest_ExternalDevice : public InputMapperTest {
@@ -3828,7 +3857,7 @@
         InputMapperTest::SetUp();
 
         mFakePointerController = std::make_shared<FakePointerController>();
-        mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mDevice->getId(), mFakePointerController);
+        mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mFakePointerController);
     }
 
     void testMotionRotation(CursorInputMapper& mapper, int32_t originalX, int32_t originalY,
@@ -6254,6 +6283,172 @@
             toDisplayX(150), toDisplayY(250), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
 }
 
+// --- TouchDisplayProjectionTest ---
+
+class TouchDisplayProjectionTest : public SingleTouchInputMapperTest {
+public:
+    // The values inside DisplayViewport are expected to be pre-rotated. This updates the current
+    // DisplayViewport to pre-rotate the values. The viewport's physical display will be set to the
+    // rotated equivalent of the given un-rotated physical display bounds.
+    void configurePhysicalDisplay(int32_t orientation, Rect naturalPhysicalDisplay) {
+        uint32_t inverseRotationFlags;
+        auto width = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
+        auto height = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+        switch (orientation) {
+            case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90:
+                inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_270;
+                std::swap(width, height);
+                break;
+            case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180:
+                inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_180;
+                break;
+            case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270:
+                inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_90;
+                std::swap(width, height);
+                break;
+            case DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0:
+                inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
+                break;
+            default:
+                FAIL() << "Invalid orientation: " << orientation;
+        }
+
+        const ui::Transform rotation(inverseRotationFlags, width, height);
+        const Rect rotatedPhysicalDisplay = rotation.transform(naturalPhysicalDisplay);
+
+        std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
+                *mFakePolicy->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
+        DisplayViewport& v = *internalViewport;
+        v.displayId = DISPLAY_ID;
+        v.orientation = orientation;
+
+        v.logicalLeft = 0;
+        v.logicalTop = 0;
+        v.logicalRight = 100;
+        v.logicalBottom = 100;
+
+        v.physicalLeft = rotatedPhysicalDisplay.left;
+        v.physicalTop = rotatedPhysicalDisplay.top;
+        v.physicalRight = rotatedPhysicalDisplay.right;
+        v.physicalBottom = rotatedPhysicalDisplay.bottom;
+
+        v.deviceWidth = width;
+        v.deviceHeight = height;
+
+        v.isActive = true;
+        v.uniqueId = UNIQUE_ID;
+        v.type = ViewportType::INTERNAL;
+        mFakePolicy->updateViewport(v);
+        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
+    }
+
+    void assertReceivedMove(const Point& point) {
+        NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs;
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&motionArgs));
+        ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, motionArgs.action);
+        ASSERT_EQ(size_t(1), motionArgs.pointerCount);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(motionArgs.pointerCoords[0], point.x, point.y,
+                                                    1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TouchDisplayProjectionTest, IgnoresTouchesOutsidePhysicalDisplay) {
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+
+    prepareButtons();
+    prepareAxes(POSITION);
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs;
+
+    // Configure the DisplayViewport such that the logical display maps to a subsection of
+    // the display panel called the physical display. Here, the physical display is bounded by the
+    // points (10, 20) and (70, 160) inside the display space, which is of the size 400 x 800.
+    static const Rect kPhysicalDisplay{10, 20, 70, 160};
+    static const std::array<Point, 6> kPointsOutsidePhysicalDisplay{
+            {{-10, -10}, {0, 0}, {5, 100}, {50, 15}, {75, 100}, {50, 165}}};
+
+    for (auto orientation : {DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0, DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90, DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180,
+                             DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270}) {
+        configurePhysicalDisplay(orientation, kPhysicalDisplay);
+
+        // Touches outside the physical display should be ignored, and should not generate any
+        // events. Ensure touches at the following points that lie outside of the physical display
+        // area do not generate any events.
+        for (const auto& point : kPointsOutsidePhysicalDisplay) {
+            processDown(mapper, toRawX(point.x), toRawY(point.y));
+            processSync(mapper);
+            processUp(mapper);
+            processSync(mapper);
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled())
+                    << "Unexpected event generated for touch outside physical display at point: "
+                    << point.x << ", " << point.y;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(TouchDisplayProjectionTest, EmitsTouchDownAfterEnteringPhysicalDisplay) {
+    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
+    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
+
+    prepareButtons();
+    prepareAxes(POSITION);
+    SingleTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<SingleTouchInputMapper>();
+
+    NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs;
+
+    // Configure the DisplayViewport such that the logical display maps to a subsection of
+    // the display panel called the physical display. Here, the physical display is bounded by the
+    // points (10, 20) and (70, 160) inside the display space, which is of the size 400 x 800.
+    static const Rect kPhysicalDisplay{10, 20, 70, 160};
+
+    for (auto orientation : {DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0, DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90, DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180,
+                             DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270}) {
+        configurePhysicalDisplay(orientation, kPhysicalDisplay);
+
+        // Touches that start outside the physical display should be ignored until it enters the
+        // physical display bounds, at which point it should generate a down event. Start a touch at
+        // the point (5, 100), which is outside the physical display bounds.
+        static const Point kOutsidePoint{5, 100};
+        processDown(mapper, toRawX(kOutsidePoint.x), toRawY(kOutsidePoint.y));
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+
+        // Move the touch into the physical display area. This should generate a pointer down.
+        processMove(mapper, toRawX(11), toRawY(21));
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&motionArgs));
+        ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, motionArgs.action);
+        ASSERT_EQ(size_t(1), motionArgs.pointerCount);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                assertPointerCoords(motionArgs.pointerCoords[0], 11, 21, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        // Move the touch inside the physical display area. This should generate a pointer move.
+        processMove(mapper, toRawX(69), toRawY(159));
+        processSync(mapper);
+        assertReceivedMove({69, 159});
+
+        // Move outside the physical display area. Since the pointer is already down, this should
+        // now continue generating events.
+        processMove(mapper, toRawX(kOutsidePoint.x), toRawY(kOutsidePoint.y));
+        processSync(mapper);
+        assertReceivedMove(kOutsidePoint);
+
+        // Release. This should generate a pointer up.
+        processUp(mapper);
+        processSync(mapper);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&motionArgs));
+        ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, motionArgs.action);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(motionArgs.pointerCoords[0], kOutsidePoint.x,
+                                                    kOutsidePoint.y, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        // Ensure no more events were generated.
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyKeyWasNotCalled());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
+    }
+}
+
 // --- MultiTouchInputMapperTest ---
 
 class MultiTouchInputMapperTest : public TouchInputMapperTest {
@@ -7793,7 +7988,7 @@
     fakePointerController->setBounds(0, 0, DISPLAY_WIDTH - 1, DISPLAY_HEIGHT - 1);
     fakePointerController->setPosition(100, 200);
     fakePointerController->setButtonState(0);
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mDevice->getId(), fakePointerController);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
 
     mFakePolicy->setDefaultPointerDisplayId(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID);
     prepareSecondaryDisplay(ViewportType::EXTERNAL);
@@ -7946,8 +8141,7 @@
     // Setup PointerController.
     std::shared_ptr<FakePointerController> fakePointerController =
             std::make_shared<FakePointerController>();
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mDevice->getId(), fakePointerController);
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(SECOND_DEVICE_ID, fakePointerController);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
 
     // Setup policy for associated displays and show touches.
     const uint8_t hdmi1 = 0;
@@ -8588,173 +8782,6 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(SECONDARY_DISPLAY_ID, motionArgs.displayId);
 }
 
-/**
- * Test touch should not work if outside of surface.
- */
-class MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange : public MultiTouchInputMapperTest {
-protected:
-    void halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(int32_t orientation) {
-        std::optional<DisplayViewport> internalViewport =
-                mFakePolicy->getDisplayViewportByType(ViewportType::INTERNAL);
-
-        // Half display to (width/4, 0, width * 3/4, height) to make display has offset.
-        internalViewport->orientation = orientation;
-        if (orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90 || orientation == DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270) {
-            internalViewport->logicalLeft = 0;
-            internalViewport->logicalTop = 0;
-            internalViewport->logicalRight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-            internalViewport->logicalBottom = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
-
-            internalViewport->physicalLeft = 0;
-            internalViewport->physicalTop = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
-            internalViewport->physicalRight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-            internalViewport->physicalBottom = DISPLAY_WIDTH * 3 / 4;
-
-            internalViewport->deviceWidth = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-            internalViewport->deviceHeight = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
-        } else {
-            internalViewport->logicalLeft = 0;
-            internalViewport->logicalTop = 0;
-            internalViewport->logicalRight = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
-            internalViewport->logicalBottom = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-
-            internalViewport->physicalLeft = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
-            internalViewport->physicalTop = 0;
-            internalViewport->physicalRight = DISPLAY_WIDTH * 3 / 4;
-            internalViewport->physicalBottom = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-
-            internalViewport->deviceWidth = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
-            internalViewport->deviceHeight = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
-        }
-
-        mFakePolicy->updateViewport(internalViewport.value());
-        configureDevice(InputReaderConfiguration::CHANGE_DISPLAY_INFO);
-    }
-
-    void processPositionAndVerify(MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper, int32_t xOutside, int32_t yOutside,
-                                  int32_t xInside, int32_t yInside, int32_t xExpected,
-                                  int32_t yExpected) {
-        // touch on outside area should not work.
-        processPosition(mapper, toRawX(xOutside), toRawY(yOutside));
-        processSync(mapper);
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasNotCalled());
-
-        // touch on inside area should receive the event.
-        NotifyMotionArgs args;
-        processPosition(mapper, toRawX(xInside), toRawY(yInside));
-        processSync(mapper);
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-        ASSERT_NEAR(xExpected, args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X), 1);
-        ASSERT_NEAR(yExpected, args.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y), 1);
-
-        // Reset.
-        mapper.reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
-    }
-};
-
-TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange, Viewports_SurfaceRange) {
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
-    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
-    prepareAxes(POSITION);
-    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
-
-    // Touch on center of normal display should work.
-    const int32_t x = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
-    const int32_t y = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
-    processPosition(mapper, toRawX(x), toRawY(y));
-    processSync(mapper);
-    NotifyMotionArgs args;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mFakeListener->assertNotifyMotionWasCalled(&args));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertPointerCoords(args.pointerCoords[0], x, y, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-                                                0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-    // Reset.
-    mapper.reset(ARBITRARY_TIME);
-
-    // Let physical display be different to device, and make surface and physical could be 1:1 in
-    // all four orientations.
-    for (int orientation : {DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0, DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90, DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_180,
-                            DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270}) {
-        halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(orientation);
-
-        const int32_t xExpected = (x + 1) - (DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4);
-        const int32_t yExpected = y;
-        processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x + 1, y, xExpected, yExpected);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange, Viewports_SurfaceRange_90_NotOrientationAware) {
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
-    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
-    prepareAxes(POSITION);
-    // Since InputReader works in the un-rotated coordinate space, only devices that are not
-    // orientation-aware are affected by display rotation.
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.orientationAware", "0");
-    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
-
-    // Half display to (width/4, 0, width * 3/4, height) and rotate 90-degrees.
-    halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90);
-
-    const int32_t x = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
-    const int32_t y = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
-
-    // expect x/y = swap x/y then reverse x.
-    constexpr int32_t xExpected = DISPLAY_HEIGHT - y;
-    constexpr int32_t yExpected = (x + 1) - DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
-    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x + 1, y, xExpected, yExpected);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange, Viewports_SurfaceRange_270_NotOrientationAware) {
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
-    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
-    prepareAxes(POSITION);
-    // Since InputReader works in the un-rotated coordinate space, only devices that are not
-    // orientation-aware are affected by display rotation.
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.orientationAware", "0");
-    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
-
-    // Half display to (width/4, 0, width * 3/4, height) and rotate 270-degrees.
-    halfDisplayToCenterHorizontal(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270);
-
-    const int32_t x = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
-    const int32_t y = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
-
-    // expect x/y = swap x/y then reverse y.
-    const int32_t xExpected = y;
-    const int32_t yExpected = (DISPLAY_WIDTH * 3 / 4) - (x + 1);
-    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x + 1, y, xExpected, yExpected);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest_SurfaceRange, Viewports_SurfaceRange_Corner_NotOrientationAware) {
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.deviceType", "touchScreen");
-    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
-    prepareAxes(POSITION);
-    // Since InputReader works in the un-rotated coordinate space, only devices that are not
-    // orientation-aware are affected by display rotation.
-    addConfigurationProperty("touch.orientationAware", "0");
-    MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
-
-    const int32_t x = 0;
-    const int32_t y = 0;
-
-    const int32_t xExpected = x;
-    const int32_t yExpected = y;
-    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x, y, xExpected, yExpected);
-
-    clearViewports();
-    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_90);
-    // expect x/y = swap x/y then reverse x.
-    const int32_t xExpected90 = DISPLAY_HEIGHT - 1;
-    const int32_t yExpected90 = x;
-    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x, y, xExpected90, yExpected90);
-
-    clearViewports();
-    prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_270);
-    // expect x/y = swap x/y then reverse y.
-    const int32_t xExpected270 = y;
-    const int32_t yExpected270 = DISPLAY_WIDTH - 1;
-    processPositionAndVerify(mapper, x - 1, y, x, y, xExpected270, yExpected270);
-}
-
 TEST_F(MultiTouchInputMapperTest, Process_TouchpadCapture) {
     // we need a pointer controller for mouse mode of touchpad (start pointer at 0,0)
     std::shared_ptr<FakePointerController> fakePointerController =
@@ -8769,7 +8796,7 @@
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_LEFT, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_TOUCH, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(true);
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mDevice->getId(), fakePointerController);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
     // captured touchpad should be a touchpad source
@@ -8919,7 +8946,7 @@
     prepareAxes(POSITION | ID | SLOT);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_LEFT, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_TOUCH, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mDevice->getId(), fakePointerController);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
     // run uncaptured pointer tests - pushes out generic events
     // FINGER 0 DOWN
@@ -8959,7 +8986,7 @@
     prepareDisplay(DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_0);
     prepareAxes(POSITION | ID | SLOT);
     mFakeEventHub->addKey(EVENTHUB_ID, BTN_LEFT, 0, AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN, 0);
-    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(mDevice->getId(), fakePointerController);
+    mFakePolicy->setPointerController(fakePointerController);
     mFakePolicy->setPointerCapture(false);
     MultiTouchInputMapper& mapper = addMapperAndConfigure<MultiTouchInputMapper>();
 
@@ -8986,23 +9013,23 @@
 
     std::shared_ptr<FakeEventHub> mFakeEventHub;
     sp<FakeInputReaderPolicy> mFakePolicy;
-    sp<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
+    std::unique_ptr<TestInputListener> mFakeListener;
     std::unique_ptr<InstrumentedInputReader> mReader;
     std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> mDevice;
 
     virtual void SetUp(Flags<InputDeviceClass> classes) {
         mFakeEventHub = std::make_unique<FakeEventHub>();
         mFakePolicy = new FakeInputReaderPolicy();
-        mFakeListener = new TestInputListener();
+        mFakeListener = std::make_unique<TestInputListener>();
         mReader = std::make_unique<InstrumentedInputReader>(mFakeEventHub, mFakePolicy,
-                                                            mFakeListener);
+                                                            *mFakeListener);
         mDevice = newDevice(DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_NAME, DEVICE_LOCATION, EVENTHUB_ID, classes);
     }
 
     void SetUp() override { SetUp(DEVICE_CLASSES); }
 
     void TearDown() override {
-        mFakeListener.clear();
+        mFakeListener.reset();
         mFakePolicy.clear();
     }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h
index 0a1dc4b..626cdfc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/TestInputListener.h
@@ -28,12 +28,10 @@
 // --- TestInputListener ---
 
 class TestInputListener : public InputListenerInterface {
-protected:
-    virtual ~TestInputListener();
-
 public:
     TestInputListener(std::chrono::milliseconds eventHappenedTimeout = 0ms,
                       std::chrono::milliseconds eventDidNotHappenTimeout = 0ms);
+    virtual ~TestInputListener();
 
     void assertNotifyConfigurationChangedWasCalled(
             NotifyConfigurationChangedArgs* outEventArgs = nullptr);
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/ISensorHalWrapper.h b/services/sensorservice/ISensorHalWrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9e089e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/sensorservice/ISensorHalWrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_ISENSOR_HAL_WRAPPER_H
+#define ANDROID_ISENSOR_HAL_WRAPPER_H
+
+#include <hardware/sensors.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "SensorService.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+/**
+ * A wrapper for various types of HAL implementation, e.g. to distinguish HIDL and AIDL versions.
+ */
+class ISensorHalWrapper {
+public:
+    class ICallback : public ISensorsCallback {
+
+        void onDynamicSensorsConnected(
+                const std::vector<sensor_t> &dynamicSensorsAdded) = 0;
+
+        void onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(
+                const std::vector<int32_t> &dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved) = 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Connects to the underlying sensors HAL. This should also be used for any reconnections
+     * due to HAL resets.
+     */
+    virtual bool connect(ICallback *callback) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Polls for available sensor events. This could be using the traditional sensors
+     * polling or from a FMQ.
+     */
+    virtual ssize_t poll(sensors_event_t* buffer, size_t count) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The below functions directly mirrors the sensors HAL definitions.
+     */
+    virtual std::vector<sensor_t> getSensorsList() = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t setOperationMode(SensorService::Mode mode) = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t activate(int32_t sensorHandle, bool enabled) = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t batch(int32_t sensorHandle, int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
+                           int64_t maxReportLatencyNs) = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t flush(int32_t sensorHandle) = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t injectSensorData(const sensors_event_t *event) = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t registerDirectChannel(const sensors_direct_mem_t *memory,
+                                           int32_t *channelHandle) = 0;
+
+    virtual void unregisterDirectChannel(int32_t channelHandle) = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t configureDirectChannel(int32_t sensorHandle, int32_t channelHandle,
+                                            const struct sensors_direct_cfg_t *config) = 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_ISENSOR_HAL_WRAPPER_H
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.cpp
index e4efde2..c67acbf 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.cpp
@@ -23,31 +23,32 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/util/ProtoOutputStream.h>
+#include <cutils/atomic.h>
 #include <frameworks/base/core/proto/android/service/sensor_service.proto.h>
 #include <sensors/convert.h>
-#include <cutils/atomic.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/Singleton.h>
 
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <thread>
 
 using namespace android::hardware::sensors;
 using namespace android::hardware::sensors::V1_0;
 using namespace android::hardware::sensors::V1_0::implementation;
+using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using android::hardware::Return;
 using android::hardware::sensors::V2_0::EventQueueFlagBits;
 using android::hardware::sensors::V2_0::WakeLockQueueFlagBits;
 using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::ISensorsCallback;
-using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::convertToOldSensorInfo;
-using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::convertToNewSensorInfos;
 using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::convertToNewEvents;
+using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::convertToNewSensorInfos;
+using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::convertToOldSensorInfo;
+using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::convertToSensor;
 using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::ISensorsWrapperV1_0;
 using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::ISensorsWrapperV2_0;
 using android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::ISensorsWrapperV2_1;
-using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
-using android::hardware::Return;
 using android::SensorDeviceUtils::HidlServiceRegistrationWaiter;
 using android::util::ProtoOutputStream;
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-template<typename EnumType>
+template <typename EnumType>
 constexpr typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type asBaseType(EnumType value) {
     return static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type>(value);
 }
@@ -81,14 +82,13 @@
 // Used internally by the framework to wake the Event FMQ. These values must start after
 // the last value of EventQueueFlagBits
 enum EventQueueFlagBitsInternal : uint32_t {
-    INTERNAL_WAKE =  1 << 16,
+    INTERNAL_WAKE = 1 << 16,
 };
 
-}  // anonymous namespace
+} // anonymous namespace
 
 void SensorsHalDeathReceivier::serviceDied(
-        uint64_t /* cookie */,
-        const wp<::android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& /* service */) {
+        uint64_t /* cookie */, const wp<::android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& /* service */) {
     ALOGW("Sensors HAL died, attempting to reconnect.");
     SensorDevice::getInstance().prepareForReconnect();
 }
@@ -98,29 +98,36 @@
     using SensorInfo = ::android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::SensorInfo;
 
     Return<void> onDynamicSensorsConnected_2_1(
-            const hidl_vec<SensorInfo> &dynamicSensorsAdded) override {
-        return SensorDevice::getInstance().onDynamicSensorsConnected(dynamicSensorsAdded);
+            const hidl_vec<SensorInfo>& dynamicSensorsAdded) override {
+        std::vector<sensor_t> sensors;
+        for (const V2_1::SensorInfo& info : dynamicSensorsAdded) {
+            sensor_t sensor;
+            convertToSensor(info, &sensor);
+            sensors.push_back(sensor);
+        }
+
+        SensorDevice::getInstance().onDynamicSensorsConnected(sensors);
+        return Return<void>();
     }
 
     Return<void> onDynamicSensorsConnected(
-            const hidl_vec<V1_0::SensorInfo> &dynamicSensorsAdded) override {
-        return SensorDevice::getInstance().onDynamicSensorsConnected(
-                convertToNewSensorInfos(dynamicSensorsAdded));
+            const hidl_vec<V1_0::SensorInfo>& dynamicSensorsAdded) override {
+        return onDynamicSensorsConnected_2_1(convertToNewSensorInfos(dynamicSensorsAdded));
     }
 
     Return<void> onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(
-            const hidl_vec<int32_t> &dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved) override {
-        return SensorDevice::getInstance().onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(
-                dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved);
+            const hidl_vec<int32_t>& dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved) override {
+        SensorDevice::getInstance().onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved);
+        return Return<void>();
     }
 };
 
 SensorDevice::SensorDevice()
-        : mHidlTransportErrors(20),
-          mRestartWaiter(new HidlServiceRegistrationWaiter()),
-          mEventQueueFlag(nullptr),
-          mWakeLockQueueFlag(nullptr),
-          mReconnecting(false) {
+      : mHidlTransportErrors(20),
+        mRestartWaiter(new HidlServiceRegistrationWaiter()),
+        mEventQueueFlag(nullptr),
+        mWakeLockQueueFlag(nullptr),
+        mReconnecting(false) {
     if (!connectHidlService()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -132,61 +139,59 @@
 }
 
 void SensorDevice::initializeSensorList() {
-    checkReturn(mSensors->getSensorsList(
-            [&](const auto &list) {
-                const size_t count = list.size();
+    checkReturn(mSensors->getSensorsList([&](const auto& list) {
+        const size_t count = list.size();
 
-                mActivationCount.setCapacity(count);
-                Info model;
-                for (size_t i=0 ; i < count; i++) {
-                    sensor_t sensor;
-                    convertToSensor(convertToOldSensorInfo(list[i]), &sensor);
+        mActivationCount.setCapacity(count);
+        Info model;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            sensor_t sensor;
+            convertToSensor(list[i], &sensor);
 
-                    if (sensor.type < static_cast<int>(SensorType::DEVICE_PRIVATE_BASE)) {
-                        sensor.resolution = SensorDeviceUtils::resolutionForSensor(sensor);
+            if (sensor.type < static_cast<int>(SensorType::DEVICE_PRIVATE_BASE)) {
+                sensor.resolution = SensorDeviceUtils::resolutionForSensor(sensor);
 
-                        // Some sensors don't have a default resolution and will be left at 0.
-                        // Don't crash in this case since CTS will verify that devices don't go to
-                        // production with a resolution of 0.
-                        if (sensor.resolution != 0) {
-                            float quantizedRange = sensor.maxRange;
-                            SensorDeviceUtils::quantizeValue(
-                                    &quantizedRange, sensor.resolution, /*factor=*/ 1);
-                            // Only rewrite maxRange if the requantization produced a "significant"
-                            // change, which is fairly arbitrarily defined as resolution / 8.
-                            // Smaller deltas are permitted, as they may simply be due to floating
-                            // point representation error, etc.
-                            if (fabsf(sensor.maxRange - quantizedRange) > sensor.resolution / 8) {
-                                ALOGW("%s's max range %.12f is not a multiple of the resolution "
-                                      "%.12f - updated to %.12f", sensor.name, sensor.maxRange,
-                                      sensor.resolution, quantizedRange);
-                                sensor.maxRange = quantizedRange;
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            // Don't crash here or the device will go into a crashloop.
-                            ALOGW("%s should have a non-zero resolution", sensor.name);
-                        }
+                // Some sensors don't have a default resolution and will be left at 0.
+                // Don't crash in this case since CTS will verify that devices don't go to
+                // production with a resolution of 0.
+                if (sensor.resolution != 0) {
+                    float quantizedRange = sensor.maxRange;
+                    SensorDeviceUtils::quantizeValue(&quantizedRange, sensor.resolution,
+                                                     /*factor=*/1);
+                    // Only rewrite maxRange if the requantization produced a "significant"
+                    // change, which is fairly arbitrarily defined as resolution / 8.
+                    // Smaller deltas are permitted, as they may simply be due to floating
+                    // point representation error, etc.
+                    if (fabsf(sensor.maxRange - quantizedRange) > sensor.resolution / 8) {
+                        ALOGW("%s's max range %.12f is not a multiple of the resolution "
+                              "%.12f - updated to %.12f",
+                              sensor.name, sensor.maxRange, sensor.resolution, quantizedRange);
+                        sensor.maxRange = quantizedRange;
                     }
-
-                    // Sanity check and clamp power if it is 0 (or close)
-                    constexpr float MIN_POWER_MA = 0.001; // 1 microAmp
-                    if (sensor.power < MIN_POWER_MA) {
-                        ALOGI("%s's reported power %f invalid, clamped to %f",
-                              sensor.name, sensor.power, MIN_POWER_MA);
-                        sensor.power = MIN_POWER_MA;
-                    }
-                    mSensorList.push_back(sensor);
-
-                    mActivationCount.add(list[i].sensorHandle, model);
-
-                    // Only disable all sensors on HAL 1.0 since HAL 2.0
-                    // handles this in its initialize method
-                    if (!mSensors->supportsMessageQueues()) {
-                        checkReturn(mSensors->activate(list[i].sensorHandle,
-                                    0 /* enabled */));
-                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Don't crash here or the device will go into a crashloop.
+                    ALOGW("%s should have a non-zero resolution", sensor.name);
                 }
-            }));
+            }
+
+            // Check and clamp power if it is 0 (or close)
+            constexpr float MIN_POWER_MA = 0.001; // 1 microAmp
+            if (sensor.power < MIN_POWER_MA) {
+                ALOGI("%s's reported power %f invalid, clamped to %f", sensor.name, sensor.power,
+                      MIN_POWER_MA);
+                sensor.power = MIN_POWER_MA;
+            }
+            mSensorList.push_back(sensor);
+
+            mActivationCount.add(list[i].sensorHandle, model);
+
+            // Only disable all sensors on HAL 1.0 since HAL 2.0
+            // handles this in its initialize method
+            if (!mSensors->supportsMessageQueues()) {
+                checkReturn(mSensors->activate(list[i].sensorHandle, 0 /* enabled */));
+            }
+        }
+    }));
 }
 
 SensorDevice::~SensorDevice() {
@@ -231,7 +236,7 @@
         // Poke ISensor service. If it has lingering connection from previous generation of
         // system server, it will kill itself. There is no intention to handle the poll result,
         // which will be done since the size is 0.
-        if(mSensors->poll(0, [](auto, const auto &, const auto &) {}).isOk()) {
+        if (mSensors->poll(0, [](auto, const auto&, const auto&) {}).isOk()) {
             // ok to continue
             connectionStatus = HalConnectionStatus::CONNECTED;
             break;
@@ -278,23 +283,23 @@
 SensorDevice::HalConnectionStatus SensorDevice::initializeHidlServiceV2_X() {
     HalConnectionStatus connectionStatus = HalConnectionStatus::UNKNOWN;
 
-    mWakeLockQueue = std::make_unique<WakeLockQueue>(
-            SensorEventQueue::MAX_RECEIVE_BUFFER_EVENT_COUNT,
-            true /* configureEventFlagWord */);
+    mWakeLockQueue =
+            std::make_unique<WakeLockQueue>(SensorEventQueue::MAX_RECEIVE_BUFFER_EVENT_COUNT,
+                                            true /* configureEventFlagWord */);
 
     hardware::EventFlag::deleteEventFlag(&mEventQueueFlag);
-    hardware::EventFlag::createEventFlag(mSensors->getEventQueue()->getEventFlagWord(), &mEventQueueFlag);
+    hardware::EventFlag::createEventFlag(mSensors->getEventQueue()->getEventFlagWord(),
+                                         &mEventQueueFlag);
 
     hardware::EventFlag::deleteEventFlag(&mWakeLockQueueFlag);
-    hardware::EventFlag::createEventFlag(mWakeLockQueue->getEventFlagWord(),
-                                            &mWakeLockQueueFlag);
+    hardware::EventFlag::createEventFlag(mWakeLockQueue->getEventFlagWord(), &mWakeLockQueueFlag);
 
-    CHECK(mSensors != nullptr && mWakeLockQueue != nullptr &&
-            mEventQueueFlag != nullptr && mWakeLockQueueFlag != nullptr);
+    CHECK(mSensors != nullptr && mWakeLockQueue != nullptr && mEventQueueFlag != nullptr &&
+          mWakeLockQueueFlag != nullptr);
 
-    status_t status = checkReturnAndGetStatus(mSensors->initialize(
-            *mWakeLockQueue->getDesc(),
-            new SensorsCallback()));
+    mCallback = new SensorsCallback();
+    status_t status =
+            checkReturnAndGetStatus(mSensors->initialize(*mWakeLockQueue->getDesc(), mCallback));
 
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
         connectionStatus = HalConnectionStatus::FAILED_TO_CONNECT;
@@ -338,8 +343,8 @@
     mReconnecting = false;
 }
 
-bool SensorDevice::sensorHandlesChanged(const Vector<sensor_t>& oldSensorList,
-                                        const Vector<sensor_t>& newSensorList) {
+bool SensorDevice::sensorHandlesChanged(const std::vector<sensor_t>& oldSensorList,
+                                        const std::vector<sensor_t>& newSensorList) {
     bool didChange = false;
 
     if (oldSensorList.size() != newSensorList.size()) {
@@ -375,19 +380,17 @@
 bool SensorDevice::sensorIsEquivalent(const sensor_t& prevSensor, const sensor_t& newSensor) {
     bool equivalent = true;
     if (prevSensor.handle != newSensor.handle ||
-            (strcmp(prevSensor.vendor, newSensor.vendor) != 0) ||
-            (strcmp(prevSensor.stringType, newSensor.stringType) != 0) ||
-            (strcmp(prevSensor.requiredPermission, newSensor.requiredPermission) != 0) ||
-            (prevSensor.version != newSensor.version) ||
-            (prevSensor.type != newSensor.type) ||
-            (std::abs(prevSensor.maxRange - newSensor.maxRange) > 0.001f) ||
-            (std::abs(prevSensor.resolution - newSensor.resolution) > 0.001f) ||
-            (std::abs(prevSensor.power - newSensor.power) > 0.001f) ||
-            (prevSensor.minDelay != newSensor.minDelay) ||
-            (prevSensor.fifoReservedEventCount != newSensor.fifoReservedEventCount) ||
-            (prevSensor.fifoMaxEventCount != newSensor.fifoMaxEventCount) ||
-            (prevSensor.maxDelay != newSensor.maxDelay) ||
-            (prevSensor.flags != newSensor.flags)) {
+        (strcmp(prevSensor.vendor, newSensor.vendor) != 0) ||
+        (strcmp(prevSensor.stringType, newSensor.stringType) != 0) ||
+        (strcmp(prevSensor.requiredPermission, newSensor.requiredPermission) != 0) ||
+        (prevSensor.version != newSensor.version) || (prevSensor.type != newSensor.type) ||
+        (std::abs(prevSensor.maxRange - newSensor.maxRange) > 0.001f) ||
+        (std::abs(prevSensor.resolution - newSensor.resolution) > 0.001f) ||
+        (std::abs(prevSensor.power - newSensor.power) > 0.001f) ||
+        (prevSensor.minDelay != newSensor.minDelay) ||
+        (prevSensor.fifoReservedEventCount != newSensor.fifoReservedEventCount) ||
+        (prevSensor.fifoMaxEventCount != newSensor.fifoMaxEventCount) ||
+        (prevSensor.maxDelay != newSensor.maxDelay) || (prevSensor.flags != newSensor.flags)) {
         equivalent = false;
     }
     return equivalent;
@@ -405,7 +408,7 @@
         for (size_t j = 0; j < info.batchParams.size(); j++) {
             const BatchParams& batchParams = info.batchParams[j];
             status_t res = batchLocked(info.batchParams.keyAt(j), handle, 0 /* flags */,
-                    batchParams.mTSample, batchParams.mTBatch);
+                                       batchParams.mTSample, batchParams.mTBatch);
 
             if (res == NO_ERROR) {
                 activateLocked(info.batchParams.keyAt(j), handle, true /* enabled */);
@@ -433,7 +436,7 @@
                         mSensorList.size(), mActivationCount.size(), mDisabledClients.size());
 
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    for (const auto & s : mSensorList) {
+    for (const auto& s : mSensorList) {
         int32_t handle = s.handle;
         const Info& info = mActivationCount.valueFor(handle);
         if (info.numActiveClients() == 0) continue;
@@ -444,8 +447,9 @@
         for (size_t j = 0; j < info.batchParams.size(); j++) {
             const BatchParams& params = info.batchParams[j];
             result.appendFormat("%.1f%s%s", params.mTSample / 1e6f,
-                isClientDisabledLocked(info.batchParams.keyAt(j)) ? "(disabled)" : "",
-                (j < info.batchParams.size() - 1) ? ", " : "");
+                                isClientDisabledLocked(info.batchParams.keyAt(j)) ? "(disabled)"
+                                                                                  : "",
+                                (j < info.batchParams.size() - 1) ? ", " : "");
         }
         result.appendFormat("}, selected = %.2f ms; ", info.bestBatchParams.mTSample / 1e6f);
 
@@ -453,8 +457,9 @@
         for (size_t j = 0; j < info.batchParams.size(); j++) {
             const BatchParams& params = info.batchParams[j];
             result.appendFormat("%.1f%s%s", params.mTBatch / 1e6f,
-                    isClientDisabledLocked(info.batchParams.keyAt(j)) ? "(disabled)" : "",
-                    (j < info.batchParams.size() - 1) ? ", " : "");
+                                isClientDisabledLocked(info.batchParams.keyAt(j)) ? "(disabled)"
+                                                                                  : "",
+                                (j < info.batchParams.size() - 1) ? ", " : "");
         }
         result.appendFormat("}, selected = %.2f ms\n", info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch / 1e6f);
     }
@@ -472,29 +477,29 @@
 void SensorDevice::dump(ProtoOutputStream* proto) const {
     using namespace service::SensorDeviceProto;
     if (mSensors == nullptr) {
-        proto->write(INITIALIZED , false);
+        proto->write(INITIALIZED, false);
         return;
     }
-    proto->write(INITIALIZED , true);
-    proto->write(TOTAL_SENSORS , int(mSensorList.size()));
-    proto->write(ACTIVE_SENSORS , int(mActivationCount.size()));
+    proto->write(INITIALIZED, true);
+    proto->write(TOTAL_SENSORS, int(mSensorList.size()));
+    proto->write(ACTIVE_SENSORS, int(mActivationCount.size()));
 
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    for (const auto & s : mSensorList) {
+    for (const auto& s : mSensorList) {
         int32_t handle = s.handle;
         const Info& info = mActivationCount.valueFor(handle);
         if (info.numActiveClients() == 0) continue;
 
         uint64_t token = proto->start(SENSORS);
-        proto->write(SensorProto::HANDLE , handle);
-        proto->write(SensorProto::ACTIVE_COUNT , int(info.batchParams.size()));
+        proto->write(SensorProto::HANDLE, handle);
+        proto->write(SensorProto::ACTIVE_COUNT, int(info.batchParams.size()));
         for (size_t j = 0; j < info.batchParams.size(); j++) {
             const BatchParams& params = info.batchParams[j];
-            proto->write(SensorProto::SAMPLING_PERIOD_MS , params.mTSample / 1e6f);
-            proto->write(SensorProto::BATCHING_PERIOD_MS , params.mTBatch / 1e6f);
+            proto->write(SensorProto::SAMPLING_PERIOD_MS, params.mTSample / 1e6f);
+            proto->write(SensorProto::BATCHING_PERIOD_MS, params.mTBatch / 1e6f);
         }
-        proto->write(SensorProto::SAMPLING_PERIOD_SELECTED , info.bestBatchParams.mTSample / 1e6f);
-        proto->write(SensorProto::BATCHING_PERIOD_SELECTED , info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch / 1e6f);
+        proto->write(SensorProto::SAMPLING_PERIOD_SELECTED, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample / 1e6f);
+        proto->write(SensorProto::BATCHING_PERIOD_SELECTED, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch / 1e6f);
         proto->end(token);
     }
 }
@@ -531,20 +536,19 @@
 
     do {
         auto ret = mSensors->poll(
-                count,
-                [&](auto result,
-                    const auto &events,
-                    const auto &dynamicSensorsAdded) {
+                count, [&](auto result, const auto& events, const auto& dynamicSensorsAdded) {
                     if (result == Result::OK) {
                         convertToSensorEventsAndQuantize(convertToNewEvents(events),
-                                convertToNewSensorInfos(dynamicSensorsAdded), buffer);
+                                                         convertToNewSensorInfos(
+                                                                 dynamicSensorsAdded),
+                                                         buffer);
                         err = (ssize_t)events.size();
                     } else {
                         err = statusFromResult(result);
                     }
                 });
 
-        if (ret.isOk())  {
+        if (ret.isOk()) {
             hidlTransportError = false;
         } else {
             hidlTransportError = true;
@@ -559,7 +563,7 @@
         }
     } while (hidlTransportError);
 
-    if(numHidlTransportErrors > 0) {
+    if (numHidlTransportErrors > 0) {
         ALOGE("Saw %d Hidl transport failures", numHidlTransportErrors);
         HidlTransportErrorLog errLog(time(nullptr), numHidlTransportErrors);
         mHidlTransportErrors.add(errLog);
@@ -581,7 +585,8 @@
         // events is not available, then read() would return no events, possibly introducing
         // additional latency in delivering events to applications.
         mEventQueueFlag->wait(asBaseType(EventQueueFlagBits::READ_AND_PROCESS) |
-                              asBaseType(INTERNAL_WAKE), &eventFlagState);
+                                      asBaseType(INTERNAL_WAKE),
+                              &eventFlagState);
         availableEvents = mSensors->getEventQueue()->availableToRead();
 
         if ((eventFlagState & asBaseType(INTERNAL_WAKE)) && mReconnecting) {
@@ -600,47 +605,39 @@
             for (size_t i = 0; i < eventsToRead; i++) {
                 convertToSensorEvent(mEventBuffer[i], &buffer[i]);
                 android::SensorDeviceUtils::quantizeSensorEventValues(&buffer[i],
-                        getResolutionForSensor(buffer[i].sensor));
+                                                                      getResolutionForSensor(
+                                                                              buffer[i].sensor));
             }
             eventsRead = eventsToRead;
         } else {
-            ALOGW("Failed to read %zu events, currently %zu events available",
-                    eventsToRead, availableEvents);
+            ALOGW("Failed to read %zu events, currently %zu events available", eventsToRead,
+                  availableEvents);
         }
     }
 
     return eventsRead;
 }
 
-Return<void> SensorDevice::onDynamicSensorsConnected(
-        const hidl_vec<SensorInfo> &dynamicSensorsAdded) {
+void SensorDevice::onDynamicSensorsConnected(const std::vector<sensor_t>& dynamicSensorsAdded) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mDynamicSensorsMutex);
 
     // Allocate a sensor_t structure for each dynamic sensor added and insert
     // it into the dictionary of connected dynamic sensors keyed by handle.
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dynamicSensorsAdded.size(); ++i) {
-        const SensorInfo &info = dynamicSensorsAdded[i];
+        const sensor_t& sensor = dynamicSensorsAdded[i];
 
-        auto it = mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(info.sensorHandle);
+        auto it = mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(sensor.handle);
         CHECK(it == mConnectedDynamicSensors.end());
 
-        sensor_t *sensor = new sensor_t();
-        convertToSensor(convertToOldSensorInfo(info), sensor);
-
-        mConnectedDynamicSensors.insert(
-                std::make_pair(sensor->handle, sensor));
+        mConnectedDynamicSensors.insert(std::make_pair(sensor.handle, sensor));
     }
 
     mDynamicSensorsCv.notify_all();
-
-    return Return<void>();
 }
 
-Return<void> SensorDevice::onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(
-        const hidl_vec<int32_t> &dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved) {
-    (void) dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved;
+void SensorDevice::onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(
+        const std::vector<int32_t>& /* dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved */) {
     // TODO: Currently dynamic sensors do not seem to be removed
-    return Return<void>();
 }
 
 void SensorDevice::writeWakeLockHandled(uint32_t count) {
@@ -653,7 +650,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void SensorDevice::autoDisable(void *ident, int handle) {
+void SensorDevice::autoDisable(void* ident, int handle) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
     ssize_t activationIndex = mActivationCount.indexOfKey(handle);
     if (activationIndex < 0) {
@@ -687,15 +684,15 @@
     Info& info(mActivationCount.editValueAt(activationIndex));
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS,
-             "SensorDevice::activate: ident=%p, handle=0x%08x, enabled=%d, count=%zu",
-             ident, handle, enabled, info.batchParams.size());
+             "SensorDevice::activate: ident=%p, handle=0x%08x, enabled=%d, count=%zu", ident,
+             handle, enabled, info.batchParams.size());
 
     if (enabled) {
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "enable index=%zd", info.batchParams.indexOfKey(ident));
 
         if (isClientDisabledLocked(ident)) {
-            ALOGW("SensorDevice::activate, isClientDisabledLocked(%p):true, handle:%d",
-                    ident, handle);
+            ALOGW("SensorDevice::activate, isClientDisabledLocked(%p):true, handle:%d", ident,
+                  handle);
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
 
@@ -714,7 +711,6 @@
         // dictionary.
         auto it = mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(handle);
         if (it != mConnectedDynamicSensors.end()) {
-            delete it->second;
             mConnectedDynamicSensors.erase(it);
         }
 
@@ -726,11 +722,10 @@
                 // Call batch for this sensor with the previously calculated best effort
                 // batch_rate and timeout. One of the apps has unregistered for sensor
                 // events, and the best effort batch parameters might have changed.
-                ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS,
-                         "\t>>> actuating h/w batch 0x%08x %" PRId64 " %" PRId64, handle,
-                         info.bestBatchParams.mTSample, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch);
-                checkReturn(mSensors->batch(
-                        handle, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch));
+                ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "\t>>> actuating h/w batch 0x%08x %" PRId64 " %" PRId64,
+                         handle, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch);
+                checkReturn(mSensors->batch(handle, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample,
+                                            info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch));
             }
         } else {
             // sensor wasn't enabled for this ident
@@ -767,12 +762,8 @@
     return err;
 }
 
-status_t SensorDevice::batch(
-        void* ident,
-        int handle,
-        int flags,
-        int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
-        int64_t maxBatchReportLatencyNs) {
+status_t SensorDevice::batch(void* ident, int handle, int flags, int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
+                             int64_t maxBatchReportLatencyNs) {
     if (mSensors == nullptr) return NO_INIT;
 
     if (samplingPeriodNs < MINIMUM_EVENTS_PERIOD) {
@@ -783,7 +774,8 @@
     }
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS,
-             "SensorDevice::batch: ident=%p, handle=0x%08x, flags=%d, period_ns=%" PRId64 " timeout=%" PRId64,
+             "SensorDevice::batch: ident=%p, handle=0x%08x, flags=%d, period_ns=%" PRId64
+             " timeout=%" PRId64,
              ident, handle, flags, samplingPeriodNs, maxBatchReportLatencyNs);
 
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
@@ -807,25 +799,24 @@
         info.setBatchParamsForIdent(ident, flags, samplingPeriodNs, maxBatchReportLatencyNs);
     }
 
-    status_t err =  updateBatchParamsLocked(handle, info);
+    status_t err = updateBatchParamsLocked(handle, info);
     if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGE("sensor batch failed %p 0x%08x %" PRId64 " %" PRId64 " err=%s",
-              mSensors.get(), handle, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample,
-              info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch, strerror(-err));
+        ALOGE("sensor batch failed %p 0x%08x %" PRId64 " %" PRId64 " err=%s", mSensors.get(),
+              handle, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch, strerror(-err));
         info.removeBatchParamsForIdent(ident);
     }
 
     return err;
 }
 
-status_t SensorDevice::updateBatchParamsLocked(int handle, Info &info) {
+status_t SensorDevice::updateBatchParamsLocked(int handle, Info& info) {
     BatchParams prevBestBatchParams = info.bestBatchParams;
     // Find the minimum of all timeouts and batch_rates for this sensor.
     info.selectBatchParams();
 
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS,
-             "\t>>> curr_period=%" PRId64 " min_period=%" PRId64
-             " curr_timeout=%" PRId64 " min_timeout=%" PRId64,
+             "\t>>> curr_period=%" PRId64 " min_period=%" PRId64 " curr_timeout=%" PRId64
+             " min_timeout=%" PRId64,
              prevBestBatchParams.mTSample, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample,
              prevBestBatchParams.mTBatch, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch);
 
@@ -834,8 +825,8 @@
     if (prevBestBatchParams != info.bestBatchParams && info.numActiveClients() > 0) {
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "\t>>> actuating h/w BATCH 0x%08x %" PRId64 " %" PRId64, handle,
                  info.bestBatchParams.mTSample, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch);
-        err = checkReturnAndGetStatus(mSensors->batch(
-                handle, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample, info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch));
+        err = checkReturnAndGetStatus(mSensors->batch(handle, info.bestBatchParams.mTSample,
+                                                      info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch));
     }
 
     return err;
@@ -866,8 +857,8 @@
     return mDisabledClients.count(ident) > 0;
 }
 
-std::vector<void *> SensorDevice::getDisabledClientsLocked() const {
-    std::vector<void *> vec;
+std::vector<void*> SensorDevice::getDisabledClientsLocked() const {
+    std::vector<void*> vec;
     for (const auto& it : mDisabledClients) {
         vec.push_back(it.first);
     }
@@ -896,7 +887,7 @@
         addDisabledReasonForIdentLocked(ident, DisabledReason::DISABLED_REASON_UID_IDLE);
     }
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i< mActivationCount.size(); ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mActivationCount.size(); ++i) {
         int handle = mActivationCount.keyAt(i);
         Info& info = mActivationCount.editValueAt(i);
 
@@ -905,8 +896,7 @@
             bool disable = info.numActiveClients() == 0 && info.isActive;
             bool enable = info.numActiveClients() > 0 && !info.isActive;
 
-            if ((enable || disable) &&
-                doActivateHardwareLocked(handle, enable) == NO_ERROR) {
+            if ((enable || disable) && doActivateHardwareLocked(handle, enable) == NO_ERROR) {
                 info.isActive = enable;
             }
         }
@@ -941,22 +931,21 @@
     if (mSensors == nullptr) return;
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
 
-    for (void *client : getDisabledClientsLocked()) {
-        removeDisabledReasonForIdentLocked(
-            client, DisabledReason::DISABLED_REASON_SERVICE_RESTRICTED);
+    for (void* client : getDisabledClientsLocked()) {
+        removeDisabledReasonForIdentLocked(client,
+                                           DisabledReason::DISABLED_REASON_SERVICE_RESTRICTED);
     }
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i< mActivationCount.size(); ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mActivationCount.size(); ++i) {
         Info& info = mActivationCount.editValueAt(i);
         if (info.batchParams.isEmpty()) continue;
         info.selectBatchParams();
         const int sensor_handle = mActivationCount.keyAt(i);
         ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "\t>> reenable actuating h/w sensor enable handle=%d ",
-                   sensor_handle);
-        status_t err = checkReturnAndGetStatus(mSensors->batch(
-                sensor_handle,
-                info.bestBatchParams.mTSample,
-                info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch));
+                 sensor_handle);
+        status_t err = checkReturnAndGetStatus(mSensors->batch(sensor_handle,
+                                                               info.bestBatchParams.mTSample,
+                                                               info.bestBatchParams.mTBatch));
         ALOGE_IF(err, "Error calling batch on sensor %d (%s)", sensor_handle, strerror(-err));
 
         if (err == NO_ERROR) {
@@ -973,38 +962,36 @@
 void SensorDevice::disableAllSensors() {
     if (mSensors == nullptr) return;
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i< mActivationCount.size(); ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mActivationCount.size(); ++i) {
         Info& info = mActivationCount.editValueAt(i);
         // Check if this sensor has been activated previously and disable it.
         if (info.batchParams.size() > 0) {
-           const int sensor_handle = mActivationCount.keyAt(i);
-           ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "\t>> actuating h/w sensor disable handle=%d ",
-                   sensor_handle);
-           checkReturn(mSensors->activate(sensor_handle, 0 /* enabled */));
+            const int sensor_handle = mActivationCount.keyAt(i);
+            ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "\t>> actuating h/w sensor disable handle=%d ",
+                     sensor_handle);
+            checkReturn(mSensors->activate(sensor_handle, 0 /* enabled */));
 
-           // Add all the connections that were registered for this sensor to the disabled
-           // clients list.
-           for (size_t j = 0; j < info.batchParams.size(); ++j) {
-               addDisabledReasonForIdentLocked(
-                   info.batchParams.keyAt(j), DisabledReason::DISABLED_REASON_SERVICE_RESTRICTED);
-               ALOGI("added %p to mDisabledClients", info.batchParams.keyAt(j));
-           }
+            // Add all the connections that were registered for this sensor to the disabled
+            // clients list.
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < info.batchParams.size(); ++j) {
+                addDisabledReasonForIdentLocked(info.batchParams.keyAt(j),
+                                                DisabledReason::DISABLED_REASON_SERVICE_RESTRICTED);
+                ALOGI("added %p to mDisabledClients", info.batchParams.keyAt(j));
+            }
 
-           info.isActive = false;
+            info.isActive = false;
         }
     }
 }
 
-status_t SensorDevice::injectSensorData(
-        const sensors_event_t *injected_sensor_event) {
+status_t SensorDevice::injectSensorData(const sensors_event_t* injected_sensor_event) {
     if (mSensors == nullptr) return NO_INIT;
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS,
-            "sensor_event handle=%d ts=%" PRId64 " data=%.2f, %.2f, %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f",
-            injected_sensor_event->sensor,
-            injected_sensor_event->timestamp, injected_sensor_event->data[0],
-            injected_sensor_event->data[1], injected_sensor_event->data[2],
-            injected_sensor_event->data[3], injected_sensor_event->data[4],
-            injected_sensor_event->data[5]);
+             "sensor_event handle=%d ts=%" PRId64 " data=%.2f, %.2f, %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f",
+             injected_sensor_event->sensor, injected_sensor_event->timestamp,
+             injected_sensor_event->data[0], injected_sensor_event->data[1],
+             injected_sensor_event->data[2], injected_sensor_event->data[3],
+             injected_sensor_event->data[4], injected_sensor_event->data[5]);
 
     Event ev;
     V2_1::implementation::convertFromSensorEvent(*injected_sensor_event, &ev);
@@ -1014,8 +1001,8 @@
 
 status_t SensorDevice::setMode(uint32_t mode) {
     if (mSensors == nullptr) return NO_INIT;
-    return checkReturnAndGetStatus(mSensors->setOperationMode(
-            static_cast<hardware::sensors::V1_0::OperationMode>(mode)));
+    return checkReturnAndGetStatus(
+            mSensors->setOperationMode(static_cast<hardware::sensors::V1_0::OperationMode>(mode)));
 }
 
 int32_t SensorDevice::registerDirectChannel(const sensors_direct_mem_t* memory) {
@@ -1041,21 +1028,20 @@
     format = SharedMemFormat::SENSORS_EVENT;
 
     SharedMemInfo mem = {
-        .type = type,
-        .format = format,
-        .size = static_cast<uint32_t>(memory->size),
-        .memoryHandle = memory->handle,
+            .type = type,
+            .format = format,
+            .size = static_cast<uint32_t>(memory->size),
+            .memoryHandle = memory->handle,
     };
 
     int32_t ret;
-    checkReturn(mSensors->registerDirectChannel(mem,
-            [&ret](auto result, auto channelHandle) {
-                if (result == Result::OK) {
-                    ret = channelHandle;
-                } else {
-                    ret = statusFromResult(result);
-                }
-            }));
+    checkReturn(mSensors->registerDirectChannel(mem, [&ret](auto result, auto channelHandle) {
+        if (result == Result::OK) {
+            ret = channelHandle;
+        } else {
+            ret = statusFromResult(result);
+        }
+    }));
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1065,13 +1051,13 @@
     checkReturn(mSensors->unregisterDirectChannel(channelHandle));
 }
 
-int32_t SensorDevice::configureDirectChannel(int32_t sensorHandle,
-        int32_t channelHandle, const struct sensors_direct_cfg_t *config) {
+int32_t SensorDevice::configureDirectChannel(int32_t sensorHandle, int32_t channelHandle,
+                                             const struct sensors_direct_cfg_t* config) {
     if (mSensors == nullptr) return NO_INIT;
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
 
     RateLevel rate;
-    switch(config->rate_level) {
+    switch (config->rate_level) {
         case SENSOR_DIRECT_RATE_STOP:
             rate = RateLevel::STOP;
             break;
@@ -1090,17 +1076,17 @@
 
     int32_t ret;
     checkReturn(mSensors->configDirectReport(sensorHandle, channelHandle, rate,
-            [&ret, rate] (auto result, auto token) {
-                if (rate == RateLevel::STOP) {
-                    ret = statusFromResult(result);
-                } else {
-                    if (result == Result::OK) {
-                        ret = token;
-                    } else {
-                        ret = statusFromResult(result);
-                    }
-                }
-            }));
+                                             [&ret, rate](auto result, auto token) {
+                                                 if (rate == RateLevel::STOP) {
+                                                     ret = statusFromResult(result);
+                                                 } else {
+                                                     if (result == Result::OK) {
+                                                         ret = token;
+                                                     } else {
+                                                         ret = statusFromResult(result);
+                                                     }
+                                                 }
+                                             }));
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1118,13 +1104,12 @@
     return num;
 }
 
-status_t SensorDevice::Info::setBatchParamsForIdent(void* ident, int,
-                                                    int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
+status_t SensorDevice::Info::setBatchParamsForIdent(void* ident, int, int64_t samplingPeriodNs,
                                                     int64_t maxBatchReportLatencyNs) {
     ssize_t index = batchParams.indexOfKey(ident);
     if (index < 0) {
-        ALOGE("Info::setBatchParamsForIdent(ident=%p, period_ns=%" PRId64
-              " timeout=%" PRId64 ") failed (%s)",
+        ALOGE("Info::setBatchParamsForIdent(ident=%p, period_ns=%" PRId64 " timeout=%" PRId64
+              ") failed (%s)",
               ident, samplingPeriodNs, maxBatchReportLatencyNs, strerror(-index));
         return BAD_INDEX;
     }
@@ -1168,12 +1153,11 @@
     return mIsDirectReportSupported;
 }
 
-void SensorDevice::convertToSensorEvent(
-        const Event &src, sensors_event_t *dst) {
+void SensorDevice::convertToSensorEvent(const Event& src, sensors_event_t* dst) {
     V2_1::implementation::convertToSensorEvent(src, dst);
 
     if (src.sensorType == V2_1::SensorType::DYNAMIC_SENSOR_META) {
-        const DynamicSensorInfo &dyn = src.u.dynamic;
+        const DynamicSensorInfo& dyn = src.u.dynamic;
 
         dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.connected = dyn.connected;
         dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.handle = dyn.sensorHandle;
@@ -1184,56 +1168,53 @@
             // marks it as oneway.
             auto it = mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(dyn.sensorHandle);
             if (it == mConnectedDynamicSensors.end()) {
-                mDynamicSensorsCv.wait_for(lock, MAX_DYN_SENSOR_WAIT,
-                        [&, dyn]{
-                            return mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(dyn.sensorHandle)
-                                    != mConnectedDynamicSensors.end();
+                mDynamicSensorsCv.wait_for(lock, MAX_DYN_SENSOR_WAIT, [&, dyn] {
+                    return mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(dyn.sensorHandle) !=
+                            mConnectedDynamicSensors.end();
                 });
                 it = mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(dyn.sensorHandle);
                 CHECK(it != mConnectedDynamicSensors.end());
             }
 
-            dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.sensor = it->second;
+            dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.sensor = &it->second;
 
-            memcpy(dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.uuid,
-                   dyn.uuid.data(),
+            memcpy(dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.uuid, dyn.uuid.data(),
                    sizeof(dst->dynamic_sensor_meta.uuid));
         }
     }
 }
 
-void SensorDevice::convertToSensorEventsAndQuantize(
-        const hidl_vec<Event> &src,
-        const hidl_vec<SensorInfo> &dynamicSensorsAdded,
-        sensors_event_t *dst) {
-
-    if (dynamicSensorsAdded.size() > 0) {
-        onDynamicSensorsConnected(dynamicSensorsAdded);
+void SensorDevice::convertToSensorEventsAndQuantize(const hidl_vec<Event>& src,
+                                                    const hidl_vec<SensorInfo>& dynamicSensorsAdded,
+                                                    sensors_event_t* dst) {
+    if (dynamicSensorsAdded.size() > 0 && mCallback != nullptr) {
+        mCallback->onDynamicSensorsConnected_2_1(dynamicSensorsAdded);
     }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < src.size(); ++i) {
         V2_1::implementation::convertToSensorEvent(src[i], &dst[i]);
         android::SensorDeviceUtils::quantizeSensorEventValues(&dst[i],
-                getResolutionForSensor(dst[i].sensor));
+                                                              getResolutionForSensor(
+                                                                      dst[i].sensor));
     }
 }
 
 float SensorDevice::getResolutionForSensor(int sensorHandle) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mSensorList.size(); i++) {
-      if (sensorHandle == mSensorList[i].handle) {
-        return mSensorList[i].resolution;
-      }
+        if (sensorHandle == mSensorList[i].handle) {
+            return mSensorList[i].resolution;
+        }
     }
 
     auto it = mConnectedDynamicSensors.find(sensorHandle);
     if (it != mConnectedDynamicSensors.end()) {
-      return it->second->resolution;
+        return it->second.resolution;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void SensorDevice::handleHidlDeath(const std::string & detail) {
+void SensorDevice::handleHidlDeath(const std::string& detail) {
     if (!mSensors->supportsMessageQueues()) {
         // restart is the only option at present.
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Abort due to ISensors hidl service failure, detail: %s.", detail.c_str());
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.h
index bc8d20f..314ddb8 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorDevice.h
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_SENSOR_DEVICE_H
 #define ANDROID_SENSOR_DEVICE_H
 
+#include "ISensorsWrapper.h"
 #include "SensorDeviceUtils.h"
 #include "SensorService.h"
 #include "SensorServiceUtils.h"
-#include "ISensorsWrapper.h"
 
 #include <fmq/MessageQueue.h>
-#include <sensor/SensorEventQueue.h>
 #include <sensor/Sensor.h>
+#include <sensor/SensorEventQueue.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <utils/KeyedVector.h>
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+#include <algorithm> //std::max std::min
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <algorithm> //std::max std::min
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "RingBuffer.h"
 
@@ -42,18 +43,18 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+using Result = ::android::hardware::sensors::V1_0::Result;
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class SensorsHalDeathReceivier : public android::hardware::hidl_death_recipient {
     virtual void serviceDied(uint64_t cookie,
                              const wp<::android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase>& service) override;
 };
 
-class SensorDevice : public Singleton<SensorDevice>,
-                     public SensorServiceUtil::Dumpable {
+class SensorDevice : public Singleton<SensorDevice>, public SensorServiceUtil::Dumpable {
 public:
     class HidlTransportErrorLog {
-     public:
-
+    public:
         HidlTransportErrorLog() {
             mTs = 0;
             mCount = 0;
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@
 
         String8 toString() const {
             String8 result;
-            struct tm *timeInfo = localtime(&mTs);
+            struct tm* timeInfo = localtime(&mTs);
             result.appendFormat("%02d:%02d:%02d :: %d", timeInfo->tm_hour, timeInfo->tm_min,
                                 timeInfo->tm_sec, mCount);
             return result;
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@
 
     private:
         time_t mTs; // timestamp of the error
-        int mCount;   // number of transport errors observed
+        int mCount; // number of transport errors observed
     };
 
     ~SensorDevice();
@@ -99,29 +100,24 @@
     status_t setMode(uint32_t mode);
 
     bool isDirectReportSupported() const;
-    int32_t registerDirectChannel(const sensors_direct_mem_t *memory);
+    int32_t registerDirectChannel(const sensors_direct_mem_t* memory);
     void unregisterDirectChannel(int32_t channelHandle);
-    int32_t configureDirectChannel(int32_t sensorHandle,
-            int32_t channelHandle, const struct sensors_direct_cfg_t *config);
+    int32_t configureDirectChannel(int32_t sensorHandle, int32_t channelHandle,
+                                   const struct sensors_direct_cfg_t* config);
 
     void disableAllSensors();
     void enableAllSensors();
-    void autoDisable(void *ident, int handle);
+    void autoDisable(void* ident, int handle);
 
-    status_t injectSensorData(const sensors_event_t *event);
-    void notifyConnectionDestroyed(void *ident);
+    status_t injectSensorData(const sensors_event_t* event);
+    void notifyConnectionDestroyed(void* ident);
 
-    using Result = ::android::hardware::sensors::V1_0::Result;
-    hardware::Return<void> onDynamicSensorsConnected(
-            const hardware::hidl_vec<hardware::sensors::V2_1::SensorInfo> &dynamicSensorsAdded);
-    hardware::Return<void> onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(
-            const hardware::hidl_vec<int32_t> &dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved);
+    void onDynamicSensorsConnected(const std::vector<sensor_t>& dynamicSensorsAdded);
+    void onDynamicSensorsDisconnected(const std::vector<int32_t>& dynamicSensorHandlesRemoved);
 
     void setUidStateForConnection(void* ident, SensorService::UidState state);
 
-    bool isReconnecting() const {
-        return mReconnecting;
-    }
+    bool isReconnecting() const { return mReconnecting; }
 
     bool isSensorActive(int handle) const;
 
@@ -132,12 +128,14 @@
     // Dumpable
     virtual std::string dump() const override;
     virtual void dump(util::ProtoOutputStream* proto) const override;
+
 private:
     friend class Singleton<SensorDevice>;
 
     sp<::android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::implementation::ISensorsWrapperBase> mSensors;
-    Vector<sensor_t> mSensorList;
-    std::unordered_map<int32_t, sensor_t*> mConnectedDynamicSensors;
+    sp<::android::hardware::sensors::V2_1::ISensorsCallback> mCallback;
+    std::vector<sensor_t> mSensorList;
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, sensor_t> mConnectedDynamicSensors;
 
     // A bug in the Sensors HIDL spec which marks onDynamicSensorsConnected as oneway causes dynamic
     // meta events and onDynamicSensorsConnected to be received out of order. This mutex + CV are
@@ -147,26 +145,26 @@
     std::condition_variable mDynamicSensorsCv;
     static constexpr std::chrono::seconds MAX_DYN_SENSOR_WAIT{5};
 
-    static const nsecs_t MINIMUM_EVENTS_PERIOD =   1000000; // 1000 Hz
-    mutable Mutex mLock; // protect mActivationCount[].batchParams
+    static const nsecs_t MINIMUM_EVENTS_PERIOD = 1000000; // 1000 Hz
+    mutable Mutex mLock;                                  // protect mActivationCount[].batchParams
     // fixed-size array after construction
 
     // Struct to store all the parameters(samplingPeriod, maxBatchReportLatency and flags) from
     // batch call. For continous mode clients, maxBatchReportLatency is set to zero.
     struct BatchParams {
-      nsecs_t mTSample, mTBatch;
-      BatchParams() : mTSample(INT64_MAX), mTBatch(INT64_MAX) {}
-      BatchParams(nsecs_t tSample, nsecs_t tBatch): mTSample(tSample), mTBatch(tBatch) {}
-      bool operator != (const BatchParams& other) {
-          return !(mTSample == other.mTSample && mTBatch == other.mTBatch);
-      }
-      // Merge another parameter with this one. The updated mTSample will be the min of the two.
-      // The update mTBatch will be the min of original mTBatch and the apparent batch period
-      // of the other. the apparent batch is the maximum of mTBatch and mTSample,
-      void merge(const BatchParams &other) {
-          mTSample = std::min(mTSample, other.mTSample);
-          mTBatch = std::min(mTBatch, std::max(other.mTBatch, other.mTSample));
-      }
+        nsecs_t mTSample, mTBatch;
+        BatchParams() : mTSample(INT64_MAX), mTBatch(INT64_MAX) {}
+        BatchParams(nsecs_t tSample, nsecs_t tBatch) : mTSample(tSample), mTBatch(tBatch) {}
+        bool operator!=(const BatchParams& other) {
+            return !(mTSample == other.mTSample && mTBatch == other.mTBatch);
+        }
+        // Merge another parameter with this one. The updated mTSample will be the min of the two.
+        // The update mTBatch will be the min of original mTBatch and the apparent batch period
+        // of the other. the apparent batch is the maximum of mTBatch and mTSample,
+        void merge(const BatchParams& other) {
+            mTSample = std::min(mTSample, other.mTSample);
+            mTBatch = std::min(mTBatch, std::max(other.mTBatch, other.mTSample));
+        }
     };
 
     // Store batch parameters in the KeyedVector and the optimal batch_rate and timeout in
@@ -224,7 +222,7 @@
     static_assert(DisabledReason::DISABLED_REASON_MAX < sizeof(uint8_t) * CHAR_BIT);
 
     // Use this map to determine which client is activated or deactivated.
-    std::unordered_map<void *, uint8_t> mDisabledClients;
+    std::unordered_map<void*, uint8_t> mDisabledClients;
 
     void addDisabledReasonForIdentLocked(void* ident, DisabledReason reason);
     void removeDisabledReasonForIdentLocked(void* ident, DisabledReason reason);
@@ -233,13 +231,13 @@
     bool connectHidlService();
     void initializeSensorList();
     void reactivateSensors(const DefaultKeyedVector<int, Info>& previousActivations);
-    static bool sensorHandlesChanged(const Vector<sensor_t>& oldSensorList,
-                                     const Vector<sensor_t>& newSensorList);
+    static bool sensorHandlesChanged(const std::vector<sensor_t>& oldSensorList,
+                                     const std::vector<sensor_t>& newSensorList);
     static bool sensorIsEquivalent(const sensor_t& prevSensor, const sensor_t& newSensor);
 
     enum HalConnectionStatus {
-        CONNECTED, // Successfully connected to the HAL
-        DOES_NOT_EXIST, // Could not find the HAL
+        CONNECTED,         // Successfully connected to the HAL
+        DOES_NOT_EXIST,    // Could not find the HAL
         FAILED_TO_CONNECT, // Found the HAL but failed to connect/initialize
         UNKNOWN,
     };
@@ -257,32 +255,32 @@
     status_t updateBatchParamsLocked(int handle, Info& info);
     status_t doActivateHardwareLocked(int handle, bool enable);
 
-    void handleHidlDeath(const std::string &detail);
-    template<typename T>
+    void handleHidlDeath(const std::string& detail);
+    template <typename T>
     void checkReturn(const Return<T>& ret) {
         if (!ret.isOk()) {
             handleHidlDeath(ret.description());
         }
     }
+
     status_t checkReturnAndGetStatus(const Return<Result>& ret);
-    //TODO(b/67425500): remove waiter after bug is resolved.
+    // TODO(b/67425500): remove waiter after bug is resolved.
     sp<SensorDeviceUtils::HidlServiceRegistrationWaiter> mRestartWaiter;
 
     bool isClientDisabled(void* ident) const;
     bool isClientDisabledLocked(void* ident) const;
-    std::vector<void *> getDisabledClientsLocked() const;
+    std::vector<void*> getDisabledClientsLocked() const;
 
     bool clientHasNoAccessLocked(void* ident) const;
 
     using Event = hardware::sensors::V2_1::Event;
     using SensorInfo = hardware::sensors::V2_1::SensorInfo;
 
-    void convertToSensorEvent(const Event &src, sensors_event_t *dst);
+    void convertToSensorEvent(const Event& src, sensors_event_t* dst);
 
-    void convertToSensorEventsAndQuantize(
-            const hardware::hidl_vec<Event> &src,
-            const hardware::hidl_vec<SensorInfo> &dynamicSensorsAdded,
-            sensors_event_t *dst);
+    void convertToSensorEventsAndQuantize(const hardware::hidl_vec<Event>& src,
+                                          const hardware::hidl_vec<SensorInfo>& dynamicSensorsAdded,
+                                          sensors_event_t* dst);
 
     float getResolutionForSensor(int sensorHandle);
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.cpp
index af86d09..fae16f6 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
         : mService(service), mUid(uid), mMem(*mem),
         mHalChannelHandle(halChannelHandle),
         mOpPackageName(opPackageName), mDestroyed(false) {
-    mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission = mService->isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(mOpPackageName);
     mUserId = multiuser_get_user_id(mUid);
     ALOGD_IF(DEBUG_CONNECTIONS, "Created SensorDirectConnection");
 }
@@ -197,8 +196,8 @@
             if (mService->isSensorInCappedSet(s.getType())) {
                 // Back up the rates that the app is allowed to have if the mic toggle is off
                 // This is used in the uncapRates() function.
-                if (!mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission ||
-                            requestedRateLevel <= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_RATE_LEVEL) {
+                if ((requestedRateLevel <= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_RATE_LEVEL) ||
+                    !isRateCappedBasedOnPermission()) {
                     mMicRateBackup[handle] = requestedRateLevel;
                 } else {
                     mMicRateBackup[handle] = SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_RATE_LEVEL;
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.h
index a3f348b..d39a073 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorDirectConnection.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_SENSOR_DIRECT_CONNECTION_H
 #define ANDROID_SENSOR_DIRECT_CONNECTION_H
 
+#include <optional>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
@@ -100,10 +101,19 @@
     std::unordered_map<int, int> mActivatedBackup;
     std::unordered_map<int, int> mMicRateBackup;
 
-    std::atomic_bool mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission;
     mutable Mutex mDestroyLock;
     bool mDestroyed;
     userid_t mUserId;
+
+    std::optional<bool> mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission;
+
+    bool isRateCappedBasedOnPermission() {
+      if (!mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission.has_value()) {
+        mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission =
+            mService->isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(mOpPackageName);
+      }
+      return mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission.value();
+    }
 };
 
 } // namepsace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
index 9ce8d9b..6948895 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
       mCacheSize(0), mMaxCacheSize(0), mTimeOfLastEventDrop(0), mEventsDropped(0),
       mPackageName(packageName), mOpPackageName(opPackageName), mAttributionTag(attributionTag),
       mTargetSdk(kTargetSdkUnknown), mDestroyed(false) {
-    mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission = mService->isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(mOpPackageName);
     mUserId = multiuser_get_user_id(mUid);
     mChannel = new BitTube(mService->mSocketBufferSize);
 #if DEBUG_CONNECTIONS
@@ -706,8 +705,8 @@
         err = mService->enable(this, handle, samplingPeriodNs, maxBatchReportLatencyNs,
                                reservedFlags, mOpPackageName);
         if (err == OK && isSensorCapped) {
-            if (!mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission ||
-                        requestedSamplingPeriodNs >= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS) {
+            if ((requestedSamplingPeriodNs >= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS) ||
+                !isRateCappedBasedOnPermission()) {
                 mMicSamplingPeriodBackup[handle] = requestedSamplingPeriodNs;
             } else {
                 mMicSamplingPeriodBackup[handle] = SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS;
@@ -745,8 +744,8 @@
     }
     status_t ret = mService->setEventRate(this, handle, samplingPeriodNs, mOpPackageName);
     if (ret == OK && isSensorCapped) {
-        if (!mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission ||
-                    requestedSamplingPeriodNs >= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS) {
+        if ((requestedSamplingPeriodNs >= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS) ||
+            !isRateCappedBasedOnPermission()) {
             mMicSamplingPeriodBackup[handle] = requestedSamplingPeriodNs;
         } else {
             mMicSamplingPeriodBackup[handle] = SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS;
@@ -867,7 +866,7 @@
             } else if (numBytesRead == sizeof(uint32_t)) {
                 uint32_t numAcks = 0;
                 memcpy(&numAcks, buf, numBytesRead);
-                // Sanity check to ensure  there are no read errors in recv, numAcks is always
+                // Check to ensure  there are no read errors in recv, numAcks is always
                 // within the range and not zero. If any of the above don't hold reset
                 // mWakeLockRefCount to zero.
                 if (numAcks > 0 && numAcks < mWakeLockRefCount) {
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h
index 909053b..6a98a40 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define ANDROID_SENSOR_EVENT_CONNECTION_H
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <optional>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -148,7 +149,6 @@
     sp<SensorService> const mService;
     sp<BitTube> mChannel;
     uid_t mUid;
-    std::atomic_bool mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission;
     mutable Mutex mConnectionLock;
     // Number of events from wake up sensors which are still pending and haven't been delivered to
     // the corresponding application. It is incremented by one unit for each write to the socket.
@@ -201,6 +201,16 @@
     // Mapping of sensor handles to its rate before being capped by the mic toggle.
     std::unordered_map<int, nsecs_t> mMicSamplingPeriodBackup;
     userid_t mUserId;
+
+    std::optional<bool> mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission;
+
+    bool isRateCappedBasedOnPermission() {
+      if (!mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission.has_value()) {
+        mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission
+            = mService->isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(mOpPackageName);
+      }
+      return mIsRateCappedBasedOnPermission.value();
+    }
 };
 
 } // namepsace android
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
index bdbae7b..9bc7b8e 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
@@ -164,7 +164,6 @@
         sensor_t const* list;
         ssize_t count = dev.getSensorList(&list);
         if (count > 0) {
-            ssize_t orientationIndex = -1;
             bool hasGyro = false, hasAccel = false, hasMag = false;
             uint32_t virtualSensorsNeeds =
                     (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_GRAVITY) |
@@ -183,9 +182,6 @@
                     case SENSOR_TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:
                         hasMag = true;
                         break;
-                    case SENSOR_TYPE_ORIENTATION:
-                        orientationIndex = i;
-                        break;
                     case SENSOR_TYPE_GYROSCOPE:
                     case SENSOR_TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED:
                         hasGyro = true;
@@ -201,6 +197,8 @@
                             virtualSensorsNeeds &= ~(1<<list[i].type);
                         }
                         break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
                 }
                 if (useThisSensor) {
                     if (list[i].type == SENSOR_TYPE_PROXIMITY) {
@@ -1194,7 +1192,7 @@
     // We have a dynamic sensor.
 
     if (!sHmacGlobalKeyIsValid) {
-        // Rather than risk exposing UUIDs, we cripple dynamic sensors.
+        // Rather than risk exposing UUIDs, we slow down dynamic sensors.
         ALOGW("HMAC key failure; dynamic sensor getId() will be wrong.");
         return 0;
     }
@@ -1220,7 +1218,7 @@
              sHmacGlobalKey, sizeof(sHmacGlobalKey),
              uuidAndApp, sizeof(uuidAndApp),
              hash, &hashLen) == nullptr) {
-        // Rather than risk exposing UUIDs, we cripple dynamic sensors.
+        // Rather than risk exposing UUIDs, we slow down dynamic sensors.
         ALOGW("HMAC failure; dynamic sensor getId() will be wrong.");
         return 0;
     }
@@ -2182,10 +2180,10 @@
 status_t SensorService::adjustSamplingPeriodBasedOnMicAndPermission(nsecs_t* requestedPeriodNs,
         const String16& opPackageName) {
     uid_t uid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid();
-    bool shouldCapBasedOnPermission = isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(opPackageName);
     if (*requestedPeriodNs >= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS) {
         return OK;
     }
+    bool shouldCapBasedOnPermission = isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(opPackageName);
     if (shouldCapBasedOnPermission) {
         *requestedPeriodNs = SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_PERIOD_NS;
         if (isPackageDebuggable(opPackageName)) {
@@ -2203,11 +2201,10 @@
 status_t SensorService::adjustRateLevelBasedOnMicAndPermission(int* requestedRateLevel,
         const String16& opPackageName) {
     uid_t uid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid();
-    bool shouldCapBasedOnPermission = isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(opPackageName);
-
     if (*requestedRateLevel <= SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_RATE_LEVEL) {
         return OK;
     }
+    bool shouldCapBasedOnPermission = isRateCappedBasedOnPermission(opPackageName);
     if (shouldCapBasedOnPermission) {
         *requestedRateLevel = SENSOR_SERVICE_CAPPED_SAMPLING_RATE_LEVEL;
         if (isPackageDebuggable(opPackageName)) {
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
index b059e61..9b6d01a 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
@@ -89,6 +89,52 @@
       UID_STATE_IDLE,
     };
 
+    enum Mode {
+       // The regular operating mode where any application can register/unregister/call flush on
+       // sensors.
+       NORMAL = 0,
+       // This mode is only used for testing purposes. Not all HALs support this mode. In this mode,
+       // the HAL ignores the sensor data provided by physical sensors and accepts the data that is
+       // injected from the SensorService as if it were the real sensor data. This mode is primarily
+       // used for testing various algorithms like vendor provided SensorFusion, Step Counter and
+       // Step Detector etc. Typically in this mode, there will be a client (a
+       // SensorEventConnection) which will be injecting sensor data into the HAL. Normal apps can
+       // unregister and register for any sensor that supports injection. Registering to sensors
+       // that do not support injection will give an error.  TODO: Allow exactly one
+       // client to inject sensor data at a time.
+       DATA_INJECTION = 1,
+       // This mode is used only for testing sensors. Each sensor can be tested in isolation with
+       // the required sampling_rate and maxReportLatency parameters without having to think about
+       // the data rates requested by other applications. End user devices are always expected to be
+       // in NORMAL mode. When this mode is first activated, all active sensors from all connections
+       // are disabled. Calling flush() will return an error. In this mode, only the requests from
+       // selected apps whose package names are allowlisted are allowed (typically CTS apps).  Only
+       // these apps can register/unregister/call flush() on sensors. If SensorService switches to
+       // NORMAL mode again, all sensors that were previously registered to are activated with the
+       // corresponding parameters if the application hasn't unregistered for sensors in the mean
+       // time.  NOTE: Non allowlisted app whose sensors were previously deactivated may still
+       // receive events if a allowlisted app requests data from the same sensor.
+       RESTRICTED = 2
+
+      // State Transitions supported.
+      //     RESTRICTED   <---  NORMAL   ---> DATA_INJECTION
+      //                  --->           <---
+
+      // Shell commands to switch modes in SensorService.
+      // 1) Put SensorService in RESTRICTED mode with packageName .cts. If it is already in
+      // restricted mode it is treated as a NO_OP (and packageName is NOT changed).
+      //
+      //     $ adb shell dumpsys sensorservice restrict .cts.
+      //
+      // 2) Put SensorService in DATA_INJECTION mode with packageName .xts. If it is already in
+      // data_injection mode it is treated as a NO_OP (and packageName is NOT changed).
+      //
+      //     $ adb shell dumpsys sensorservice data_injection .xts.
+      //
+      // 3) Reset sensorservice back to NORMAL mode.
+      //     $ adb shell dumpsys sensorservice enable
+    };
+
     class ProximityActiveListener : public virtual RefBase {
     public:
         // Note that the callback is invoked from an async thread and can interact with the
@@ -276,52 +322,6 @@
             const int64_t mToken;
     };
 
-    enum Mode {
-       // The regular operating mode where any application can register/unregister/call flush on
-       // sensors.
-       NORMAL = 0,
-       // This mode is only used for testing purposes. Not all HALs support this mode. In this mode,
-       // the HAL ignores the sensor data provided by physical sensors and accepts the data that is
-       // injected from the SensorService as if it were the real sensor data. This mode is primarily
-       // used for testing various algorithms like vendor provided SensorFusion, Step Counter and
-       // Step Detector etc. Typically in this mode, there will be a client (a
-       // SensorEventConnection) which will be injecting sensor data into the HAL. Normal apps can
-       // unregister and register for any sensor that supports injection. Registering to sensors
-       // that do not support injection will give an error.  TODO(aakella) : Allow exactly one
-       // client to inject sensor data at a time.
-       DATA_INJECTION = 1,
-       // This mode is used only for testing sensors. Each sensor can be tested in isolation with
-       // the required sampling_rate and maxReportLatency parameters without having to think about
-       // the data rates requested by other applications. End user devices are always expected to be
-       // in NORMAL mode. When this mode is first activated, all active sensors from all connections
-       // are disabled. Calling flush() will return an error. In this mode, only the requests from
-       // selected apps whose package names are whitelisted are allowed (typically CTS apps).  Only
-       // these apps can register/unregister/call flush() on sensors. If SensorService switches to
-       // NORMAL mode again, all sensors that were previously registered to are activated with the
-       // corresponding paramaters if the application hasn't unregistered for sensors in the mean
-       // time.  NOTE: Non whitelisted app whose sensors were previously deactivated may still
-       // receive events if a whitelisted app requests data from the same sensor.
-       RESTRICTED = 2
-
-      // State Transitions supported.
-      //     RESTRICTED   <---  NORMAL   ---> DATA_INJECTION
-      //                  --->           <---
-
-      // Shell commands to switch modes in SensorService.
-      // 1) Put SensorService in RESTRICTED mode with packageName .cts. If it is already in
-      // restricted mode it is treated as a NO_OP (and packageName is NOT changed).
-      //
-      //     $ adb shell dumpsys sensorservice restrict .cts.
-      //
-      // 2) Put SensorService in DATA_INJECTION mode with packageName .xts. If it is already in
-      // data_injection mode it is treated as a NO_OP (and packageName is NOT changed).
-      //
-      //     $ adb shell dumpsys sensorservice data_injection .xts.
-      //
-      // 3) Reset sensorservice back to NORMAL mode.
-      //     $ adb shell dumpsys sensorservice enable
-    };
-
     static const char* WAKE_LOCK_NAME;
     virtual ~SensorService();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
index eeb3f3a..5560ed7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.bp
@@ -39,15 +39,19 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
-        "android.hardware.power-V1-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.power-V2-cpp",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libEGL",
         "libfmq",
@@ -66,13 +70,18 @@
         "libinput",
         "libutils",
         "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
+        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libcompositionengine",
         "libframetimeline",
         "libperfetto_client_experimental",
         "librenderengine",
+        "libscheduler",
         "libserviceutils",
+        "libshaders",
+        "libtonemap",
         "libtrace_proto",
     ],
     header_libs: [
@@ -80,6 +89,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
         "libcompositionengine",
@@ -94,6 +104,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
         "libhidlbase",
         "libtimestats",
@@ -101,7 +112,7 @@
     // TODO (marissaw): this library is not used by surfaceflinger. This is here so
     // the library compiled in a way that is accessible to system partition when running
     // IMapper's VTS.
-    required: ["libgralloctypes"]
+    required: ["libgralloctypes"],
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
@@ -134,6 +145,7 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "libsurfaceflinger_sources",
     srcs: [
+        "BackgroundExecutor.cpp",
         "BufferLayer.cpp",
         "BufferLayerConsumer.cpp",
         "BufferQueueLayer.cpp",
@@ -143,6 +155,8 @@
         "EffectLayer.cpp",
         "ContainerLayer.cpp",
         "DisplayDevice.cpp",
+        "DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp",
+        "DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp",
         "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp",
         "DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.cpp",
         "DisplayHardware/FramebufferSurface.cpp",
@@ -154,6 +168,7 @@
         "DisplayRenderArea.cpp",
         "Effects/Daltonizer.cpp",
         "EventLog/EventLog.cpp",
+        "FlagManager.cpp",
         "FpsReporter.cpp",
         "FrameTracer/FrameTracer.cpp",
         "FrameTracker.cpp",
@@ -181,14 +196,17 @@
         "Scheduler/Timer.cpp",
         "Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp",
         "Scheduler/VSyncPredictor.cpp",
-        "Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp",
         "Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp",
         "Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp",
+        "Scheduler/VsyncModulator.cpp",
+        "Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp",
         "StartPropertySetThread.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp",
         "SurfaceInterceptor.cpp",
-        "SurfaceTracing.cpp",
+        "Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp",
+        "Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp",
+        "Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp",
         "TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp",
         "TunnelModeEnabledReporter.cpp",
     ],
@@ -247,7 +265,7 @@
         "libSurfaceFlingerProp",
     ],
 
-     logtags: ["EventLog/EventLogTags.logtags"],
+    logtags: ["EventLog/EventLogTags.logtags"],
 }
 
 subdirs = [
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de8e6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "BackgroundExecutor"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+ANDROID_SINGLETON_STATIC_INSTANCE(BackgroundExecutor);
+
+BackgroundExecutor::BackgroundExecutor() : Singleton<BackgroundExecutor>() {
+    mThread = std::thread([&]() {
+        bool done = false;
+        while (!done) {
+            std::vector<std::function<void()>> tasks;
+            {
+                std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
+                android::base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLock(mMutex);
+                mWorkAvailableCv.wait(lock,
+                                      [&]() REQUIRES(mMutex) { return mDone || !mTasks.empty(); });
+                tasks = std::move(mTasks);
+                mTasks.clear();
+                done = mDone;
+            } // unlock mMutex
+
+            for (auto& task : tasks) {
+                task();
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+BackgroundExecutor::~BackgroundExecutor() {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
+        mDone = true;
+        mWorkAvailableCv.notify_all();
+    }
+    if (mThread.joinable()) {
+        mThread.join();
+    }
+}
+
+void BackgroundExecutor::execute(std::function<void()> task) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
+    mTasks.emplace_back(std::move(task));
+    mWorkAvailableCv.notify_all();
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6db7dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BackgroundExecutor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <utils/Singleton.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace android {
+
+// Executes tasks off the main thread.
+class BackgroundExecutor : public Singleton<BackgroundExecutor> {
+public:
+    BackgroundExecutor();
+    ~BackgroundExecutor();
+    void execute(std::function<void()>);
+
+private:
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mWorkAvailableCv GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    bool mDone GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = false;
+    std::vector<std::function<void()>> mTasks GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    std::thread mThread;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index 8c97f12..64ddd68 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@
     return ((s.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque) != 0) || getOpacityForFormat(getPixelFormat());
 }
 
+bool BufferLayer::canReceiveInput() const {
+    return !isHiddenByPolicy() && (mBufferInfo.mBuffer == nullptr || getAlpha() > 0.0f);
+}
+
 bool BufferLayer::isVisible() const {
     return !isHiddenByPolicy() && getAlpha() > 0.0f &&
             (mBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr || mSidebandStream != nullptr);
@@ -152,39 +156,10 @@
         return result;
     }
 
-    if (CC_UNLIKELY(mBufferInfo.mBuffer == 0)) {
-        // the texture has not been created yet, this Layer has
-        // in fact never been drawn into. This happens frequently with
-        // SurfaceView because the WindowManager can't know when the client
-        // has drawn the first time.
-
-        // If there is nothing under us, we paint the screen in black, otherwise
-        // we just skip this update.
-
-        // figure out if there is something below us
-        Region under;
-        bool finished = false;
-        mFlinger->mDrawingState.traverseInZOrder([&](Layer* layer) {
-            if (finished || layer == static_cast<BufferLayer const*>(this)) {
-                finished = true;
-                return;
-            }
-
-            under.orSelf(layer->getScreenBounds());
-        });
-        // if not everything below us is covered, we plug the holes!
-        Region holes(targetSettings.clip.subtract(under));
-        if (!holes.isEmpty()) {
-            targetSettings.clearRegion.orSelf(holes);
-        }
-
-        if (mSidebandStream != nullptr) {
-            // For surfaceview of tv sideband, there is no activeBuffer
-            // in bufferqueue, we need return LayerSettings.
-            return result;
-        } else {
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(mBufferInfo.mBuffer == 0) && mSidebandStream != nullptr) {
+        // For surfaceview of tv sideband, there is no activeBuffer
+        // in bufferqueue, we need return LayerSettings.
+        return result;
     }
     const bool blackOutLayer = (isProtected() && !targetSettings.supportsProtectedContent) ||
             ((isSecure() || isProtected()) && !targetSettings.isSecure);
@@ -316,7 +291,7 @@
 
     // Sideband layers
     auto* compositionState = editCompositionState();
-    if (compositionState->sidebandStream.get()) {
+    if (compositionState->sidebandStream.get() && !compositionState->sidebandStreamHasFrame) {
         compositionState->compositionType = Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::SIDEBAND;
         return;
     } else {
@@ -332,6 +307,7 @@
             ? 0
             : mBufferInfo.mBufferSlot;
     compositionState->acquireFence = mBufferInfo.mFence;
+    compositionState->sidebandStreamHasFrame = false;
 }
 
 bool BufferLayer::onPreComposition(nsecs_t refreshStartTime) {
@@ -374,13 +350,13 @@
 }
 } // namespace
 
-bool BufferLayer::onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice* display,
+void BufferLayer::onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice* display,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
                                     const CompositorTiming& compositorTiming) {
     // mFrameLatencyNeeded is true when a new frame was latched for the
     // composition.
-    if (!mBufferInfo.mFrameLatencyNeeded) return false;
+    if (!mBufferInfo.mFrameLatencyNeeded) return;
 
     // Update mFrameEventHistory.
     {
@@ -425,12 +401,13 @@
         const Fps refreshRate = display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
         const std::optional<Fps> renderRate =
                 mFlinger->mScheduler->getFrameRateOverride(getOwnerUid());
+
+        const auto vote = frameRateToSetFrameRateVotePayload(mDrawingState.frameRate);
+        const auto gameMode = getGameMode();
+
         if (presentFence->isValid()) {
             mFlinger->mTimeStats->setPresentFence(layerId, mCurrentFrameNumber, presentFence,
-                                                  refreshRate, renderRate,
-                                                  frameRateToSetFrameRateVotePayload(
-                                                          mDrawingState.frameRate),
-                                                  getGameMode());
+                                                  refreshRate, renderRate, vote, gameMode);
             mFlinger->mFrameTracer->traceFence(layerId, getCurrentBufferId(), mCurrentFrameNumber,
                                                presentFence,
                                                FrameTracer::FrameEvent::PRESENT_FENCE);
@@ -441,10 +418,7 @@
             // timestamp instead.
             const nsecs_t actualPresentTime = display->getRefreshTimestamp();
             mFlinger->mTimeStats->setPresentTime(layerId, mCurrentFrameNumber, actualPresentTime,
-                                                 refreshRate, renderRate,
-                                                 frameRateToSetFrameRateVotePayload(
-                                                         mDrawingState.frameRate),
-                                                 getGameMode());
+                                                 refreshRate, renderRate, vote, gameMode);
             mFlinger->mFrameTracer->traceTimestamp(layerId, getCurrentBufferId(),
                                                    mCurrentFrameNumber, actualPresentTime,
                                                    FrameTracer::FrameEvent::PRESENT_FENCE);
@@ -454,7 +428,6 @@
 
     mFrameTracker.advanceFrame();
     mBufferInfo.mFrameLatencyNeeded = false;
-    return true;
 }
 
 void BufferLayer::gatherBufferInfo() {
@@ -514,7 +487,7 @@
     // try again later
     if (!fenceHasSignaled()) {
         ATRACE_NAME("!fenceHasSignaled()");
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -591,15 +564,16 @@
 // hardware.h, instead of using hard-coded values here.
 #define HARDWARE_IS_DEVICE_FORMAT(f) ((f) >= 0x100 && (f) <= 0x1FF)
 
-bool BufferLayer::getOpacityForFormat(uint32_t format) {
+bool BufferLayer::getOpacityForFormat(PixelFormat format) {
     if (HARDWARE_IS_DEVICE_FORMAT(format)) {
         return true;
     }
     switch (format) {
-        case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888:
-        case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888:
-        case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16:
-        case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102:
+        case PIXEL_FORMAT_R_8:
             return false;
     }
     // in all other case, we have no blending (also for unknown formats)
@@ -648,14 +622,6 @@
     return sourceCrop.getHeight() != frameHeight || sourceCrop.getWidth() != frameWidth;
 }
 
-uint64_t BufferLayer::getHeadFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const {
-    if (hasFrameUpdate()) {
-        return getFrameNumber(expectedPresentTime);
-    } else {
-        return mCurrentFrameNumber;
-    }
-}
-
 Rect BufferLayer::getBufferSize(const State& s) const {
     // If we have a sideband stream, or we are scaling the buffer then return the layer size since
     // we cannot determine the buffer size.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
index 760c8b9..34d11ac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
     void useEmptyDamage() override;
 
     bool isOpaque(const Layer::State& s) const override;
+    bool canReceiveInput() const override;
 
     // isVisible - true if this layer is visible, false otherwise
     bool isVisible() const override;
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@
 
     bool isHdrY410() const override;
 
-    bool onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice*, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
+    void onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice*, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
                            const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
                            const CompositorTiming&) override;
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@
     bool onPreComposition(nsecs_t) override;
     void preparePerFrameCompositionState() override;
 
-    static bool getOpacityForFormat(uint32_t format);
+    static bool getOpacityForFormat(PixelFormat format);
 
     // from graphics API
     const uint32_t mTextureName;
@@ -164,15 +165,13 @@
     void updateCloneBufferInfo() override;
     uint64_t mPreviousFrameNumber = 0;
 
-    uint64_t getHeadFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const override;
-
     void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) override;
 
     // Transform hint provided to the producer. This must be accessed holding
     // the mStateLock.
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags mTransformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
 
-    bool getAutoRefresh() const { return mAutoRefresh; }
+    bool getAutoRefresh() const { return mDrawingState.autoRefresh; }
     bool getSidebandStreamChanged() const { return mSidebandStreamChanged; }
 
     // Returns true if the next buffer should be presented at the expected present time
@@ -183,14 +182,11 @@
     // specific logic
     virtual bool isBufferDue(nsecs_t /*expectedPresentTime*/) const = 0;
 
-    std::atomic<bool> mAutoRefresh{false};
     std::atomic<bool> mSidebandStreamChanged{false};
 
 private:
     virtual bool fenceHasSignaled() const = 0;
     virtual bool framePresentTimeIsCurrent(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const = 0;
-    virtual uint64_t getFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const = 0;
-
 
     // Latch sideband stream and returns true if the dirty region should be updated.
     virtual bool latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp
index 96b2247..c79fa11 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayerConsumer.cpp
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
 }
 
 void BufferLayerConsumer::onSidebandStreamChanged() {
-    FrameAvailableListener* unsafeFrameAvailableListener = nullptr;
+    [[maybe_unused]] FrameAvailableListener* unsafeFrameAvailableListener = nullptr;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mFrameAvailableMutex);
         unsafeFrameAvailableListener = mFrameAvailableListener.unsafe_get();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
index 99e470d..926aa1d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "BufferQueueLayer"
@@ -49,7 +48,9 @@
 // Interface implementation for Layer
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void BufferQueueLayer::onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) {
+void BufferQueueLayer::onLayerDisplayed(
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) {
+    sp<Fence> releaseFence = new Fence(dup(futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence));
     mConsumer->setReleaseFence(releaseFence);
 
     // Prevent tracing the same release multiple times.
@@ -66,16 +67,6 @@
     mConsumer->setTransformHint(mTransformHint);
 }
 
-std::vector<OccupancyTracker::Segment> BufferQueueLayer::getOccupancyHistory(bool forceFlush) {
-    std::vector<OccupancyTracker::Segment> history;
-    status_t result = mConsumer->getOccupancyHistory(forceFlush, &history);
-    if (result != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGW("[%s] Failed to obtain occupancy history (%d)", getDebugName(), result);
-        return {};
-    }
-    return history;
-}
-
 void BufferQueueLayer::releasePendingBuffer(nsecs_t dequeueReadyTime) {
     if (!mConsumer->releasePendingBuffer()) {
         return;
@@ -127,7 +118,7 @@
 bool BufferQueueLayer::fenceHasSignaled() const {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mQueueItemLock);
 
-    if (SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaled) {
+    if (SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig != LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -153,54 +144,21 @@
 }
 
 bool BufferQueueLayer::framePresentTimeIsCurrent(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const {
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mQueueItemLock);
+
     if (!hasFrameUpdate() || isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
         return true;
     }
 
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(mQueueItemLock);
     return mQueueItems[0].item.mTimestamp <= expectedPresentTime;
 }
 
-uint64_t BufferQueueLayer::getFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const {
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(mQueueItemLock);
-    uint64_t frameNumber = mQueueItems[0].item.mFrameNumber;
-
-    // The head of the queue will be dropped if there are signaled and timely frames behind it
-    if (isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
-        expectedPresentTime = 0;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 1; i < mQueueItems.size(); i++) {
-        const bool fenceSignaled =
-                mQueueItems[i].item.mFenceTime->getSignalTime() != Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING;
-        if (!fenceSignaled) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        // We don't drop frames without explicit timestamps
-        if (mQueueItems[i].item.mIsAutoTimestamp) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        const nsecs_t desiredPresent = mQueueItems[i].item.mTimestamp;
-        if (desiredPresent < expectedPresentTime - BufferQueueConsumer::MAX_REASONABLE_NSEC ||
-            desiredPresent > expectedPresentTime) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        frameNumber = mQueueItems[i].item.mFrameNumber;
-    }
-
-    return frameNumber;
-}
-
 bool BufferQueueLayer::latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) {
     // We need to update the sideband stream if the layer has both a buffer and a sideband stream.
-    const bool updateSidebandStream = hasFrameUpdate() && mSidebandStream.get();
+    editCompositionState()->sidebandStreamHasFrame = hasFrameUpdate() && mSidebandStream.get();
 
     bool sidebandStreamChanged = true;
-    if (mSidebandStreamChanged.compare_exchange_strong(sidebandStreamChanged, false) ||
-        updateSidebandStream) {
+    if (mSidebandStreamChanged.compare_exchange_strong(sidebandStreamChanged, false)) {
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was changed to false
         mSidebandStream = mConsumer->getSidebandStream();
         auto* layerCompositionState = editCompositionState();
@@ -243,7 +201,7 @@
     uint64_t lastSignaledFrameNumber = mLastFrameNumberReceived;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mQueueItemLock);
-        for (int i = 0; i < mQueueItems.size(); i++) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < mQueueItems.size(); i++) {
             bool fenceSignaled =
                     mQueueItems[i].item.mFenceTime->getSignalTime() != Fence::SIGNAL_TIME_PENDING;
             if (!fenceSignaled) {
@@ -258,24 +216,26 @@
     bool autoRefresh;
     status_t updateResult = mConsumer->updateTexImage(&r, expectedPresentTime, &autoRefresh,
                                                       &queuedBuffer, maxFrameNumberToAcquire);
-    mAutoRefresh = autoRefresh;
+    mDrawingState.autoRefresh = autoRefresh;
     if (updateResult == BufferQueue::PRESENT_LATER) {
         // Producer doesn't want buffer to be displayed yet.  Signal a
         // layer update so we check again at the next opportunity.
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
         return BAD_VALUE;
     } else if (updateResult == BufferLayerConsumer::BUFFER_REJECTED) {
         // If the buffer has been rejected, remove it from the shadow queue
         // and return early
         if (queuedBuffer) {
             Mutex::Autolock lock(mQueueItemLock);
-            mConsumer->mergeSurfaceDamage(mQueueItems[0].item.mSurfaceDamage);
-            mFlinger->mTimeStats->removeTimeRecord(layerId, mQueueItems[0].item.mFrameNumber);
-            if (mQueueItems[0].surfaceFrame) {
-                addSurfaceFrameDroppedForBuffer(mQueueItems[0].surfaceFrame);
+            if (mQueuedFrames > 0) {
+                mConsumer->mergeSurfaceDamage(mQueueItems[0].item.mSurfaceDamage);
+                mFlinger->mTimeStats->removeTimeRecord(layerId, mQueueItems[0].item.mFrameNumber);
+                if (mQueueItems[0].surfaceFrame) {
+                    addSurfaceFrameDroppedForBuffer(mQueueItems[0].surfaceFrame);
+                }
+                mQueueItems.erase(mQueueItems.begin());
+                mQueuedFrames--;
             }
-            mQueueItems.erase(mQueueItems.begin());
-            mQueuedFrames--;
         }
         return BAD_VALUE;
     } else if (updateResult != NO_ERROR || mUpdateTexImageFailed) {
@@ -305,6 +265,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
+    bool more_frames_pending = false;
     if (queuedBuffer) {
         // Autolock scope
         auto currentFrameNumber = mConsumer->getFrameNumber();
@@ -313,7 +274,7 @@
 
         // Remove any stale buffers that have been dropped during
         // updateTexImage
-        while (mQueueItems[0].item.mFrameNumber != currentFrameNumber) {
+        while (mQueuedFrames > 0 && mQueueItems[0].item.mFrameNumber != currentFrameNumber) {
             mConsumer->mergeSurfaceDamage(mQueueItems[0].item.mSurfaceDamage);
             mFlinger->mTimeStats->removeTimeRecord(layerId, mQueueItems[0].item.mFrameNumber);
             if (mQueueItems[0].surfaceFrame) {
@@ -334,12 +295,13 @@
                                               latchTime);
         }
         mQueueItems.erase(mQueueItems.begin());
+        more_frames_pending = (mQueuedFrames.fetch_sub(1) > 1);
     }
 
     // Decrement the queued-frames count.  Signal another event if we
     // have more frames pending.
-    if ((queuedBuffer && mQueuedFrames.fetch_sub(1) > 1) || mAutoRefresh) {
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+    if ((queuedBuffer && more_frames_pending) || mDrawingState.autoRefresh) {
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     }
 
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -410,8 +372,9 @@
     // Add this buffer from our internal queue tracker
     { // Autolock scope
         const nsecs_t presentTime = item.mIsAutoTimestamp ? 0 : item.mTimestamp;
-        mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, presentTime,
-                                                 LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+
+        using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
+        mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, presentTime, LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mQueueItemLock);
         // Reset the frame number tracker when we receive the first buffer after
@@ -442,7 +405,7 @@
     mFlinger->mInterceptor->saveBufferUpdate(layerId, item.mGraphicBuffer->getWidth(),
                                              item.mGraphicBuffer->getHeight(), item.mFrameNumber);
 
-    mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+    mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     mConsumer->onBufferAvailable(item);
 }
 
@@ -488,7 +451,7 @@
     bool sidebandStreamChanged = false;
     if (mSidebandStreamChanged.compare_exchange_strong(sidebandStreamChanged, true)) {
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was changed to true
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     }
 }
 
@@ -561,7 +524,7 @@
 }
 
 sp<Layer> BufferQueueLayer::createClone() {
-    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, 0, 0, LayerMetadata());
+    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, LayerMetadata());
     args.textureName = mTextureName;
     sp<BufferQueueLayer> layer = mFlinger->getFactory().createBufferQueueLayer(args);
     layer->setInitialValuesForClone(this);
@@ -625,4 +588,4 @@
 } // namespace android
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
index b3b7948..c6e0727 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
@@ -42,9 +42,8 @@
     // Implements Layer.
     const char* getType() const override { return "BufferQueueLayer"; }
 
-    void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) override;
-
-    std::vector<OccupancyTracker::Segment> getOccupancyHistory(bool forceFlush) override;
+    void onLayerDisplayed(
+            std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) override;
 
     // If a buffer was replaced this frame, release the former buffer
     void releasePendingBuffer(nsecs_t dequeueReadyTime) override;
@@ -63,6 +62,11 @@
     status_t setDefaultBufferProperties(uint32_t w, uint32_t h, PixelFormat format);
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> getProducer() const;
 
+    void setSizeForTest(uint32_t w, uint32_t h) {
+        mDrawingState.active_legacy.w = w;
+        mDrawingState.active_legacy.h = h;
+    }
+
 protected:
     void gatherBufferInfo() override;
 
@@ -89,7 +93,6 @@
     };
 
 private:
-    uint64_t getFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const override;
 
     bool latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) override;
     void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
index df91904..2fac880 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.cpp
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
-
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "BufferStateLayer"
@@ -45,13 +40,13 @@
 namespace {
 void callReleaseBufferCallback(const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& listener,
                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, uint64_t framenumber,
-                               const sp<Fence>& releaseFence, uint32_t transformHint,
+                               const sp<Fence>& releaseFence,
                                uint32_t currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
     if (!listener) {
         return;
     }
     listener->onReleaseBuffer({buffer->getId(), framenumber},
-                              releaseFence ? releaseFence : Fence::NO_FENCE, transformHint,
+                              releaseFence ? releaseFence : Fence::NO_FENCE,
                               currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount);
 }
 } // namespace
@@ -69,77 +64,30 @@
     if (mBufferInfo.mBuffer != nullptr) {
         callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
                                   mBufferInfo.mBuffer->getBuffer(), mBufferInfo.mFrameNumber,
-                                  mBufferInfo.mFence, mTransformHint,
+                                  mBufferInfo.mFence,
                                   mFlinger->getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(
                                           mOwnerUid));
     }
 }
 
-status_t BufferStateLayer::addReleaseFence(const sp<CallbackHandle>& ch,
-                                           const sp<Fence>& fence) {
-    if (ch == nullptr) {
-        return OK;
-    }
-    ch->previousReleaseCallbackId = mPreviousReleaseCallbackId;
-    if (!ch->previousReleaseFence.get()) {
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-        return OK;
-    }
-
-    // Below logic is lifted from ConsumerBase.cpp:
-    // Check status of fences first because merging is expensive.
-    // Merging an invalid fence with any other fence results in an
-    // invalid fence.
-    auto currentStatus = ch->previousReleaseFence->getStatus();
-    if (currentStatus == Fence::Status::Invalid) {
-        ALOGE("Existing fence has invalid state, layer: %s", mName.c_str());
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    auto incomingStatus = fence->getStatus();
-    if (incomingStatus == Fence::Status::Invalid) {
-        ALOGE("New fence has invalid state, layer: %s", mName.c_str());
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    // If both fences are signaled or both are unsignaled, we need to merge
-    // them to get an accurate timestamp.
-    if (currentStatus == incomingStatus) {
-        char fenceName[32] = {};
-        snprintf(fenceName, 32, "%.28s", mName.c_str());
-        sp<Fence> mergedFence = Fence::merge(
-                fenceName, ch->previousReleaseFence, fence);
-        if (!mergedFence.get()) {
-            ALOGE("failed to merge release fences, layer: %s", mName.c_str());
-            // synchronization is broken, the best we can do is hope fences
-            // signal in order so the new fence will act like a union
-            ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-            return BAD_VALUE;
-        }
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = mergedFence;
-    } else if (incomingStatus == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
-        // If one fence has signaled and the other hasn't, the unsignaled
-        // fence will approximately correspond with the correct timestamp.
-        // There's a small race if both fences signal at about the same time
-        // and their statuses are retrieved with unfortunate timing. However,
-        // by this point, they will have both signaled and only the timestamp
-        // will be slightly off; any dependencies after this point will
-        // already have been met.
-        ch->previousReleaseFence = fence;
-    }
-    // else if (currentStatus == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) is a no-op.
-
-    return OK;
-}
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Interface implementation for Layer
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-void BufferStateLayer::onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) {
-    if (!releaseFence->isValid()) {
-        return;
+void BufferStateLayer::onLayerDisplayed(
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) {
+    // If a layer has been displayed again we may need to clear
+    // the mLastClientComposition fence that we use for early release in setBuffer
+    // (as we now have a new fence which won't pass through the client composition path in some cases
+    //  e.g. screenshot). We expect one call to onLayerDisplayed after receiving the GL comp fence
+    // from a single composition cycle, and want to clear on the second call
+    // (which we track with mLastClientCompositionDisplayed)
+   if (mLastClientCompositionDisplayed) {
+        mLastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
+        mLastClientCompositionDisplayed = false;
+    } else if (mLastClientCompositionFence) {
+        mLastClientCompositionDisplayed = true;
     }
+
     // The previous release fence notifies the client that SurfaceFlinger is done with the previous
     // buffer that was presented on this layer. The first transaction that came in this frame that
     // replaced the previous buffer on this layer needs this release fence, because the fence will
@@ -164,17 +112,17 @@
             break;
         }
     }
-    auto status = addReleaseFence(ch, releaseFence);
-    if (status != OK) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to add release fence for layer %s", getName().c_str());
-    }
-
-    mPreviousReleaseFence = releaseFence;
 
     // Prevent tracing the same release multiple times.
     if (mPreviousFrameNumber != mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber) {
         mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber = mPreviousFrameNumber;
     }
+
+    if (ch != nullptr) {
+        ch->previousReleaseCallbackId = mPreviousReleaseCallbackId;
+        ch->previousReleaseFences.emplace_back(futureRenderEngineResult);
+        ch->name = mName;
+    }
 }
 
 void BufferStateLayer::onSurfaceFrameCreated(
@@ -219,12 +167,21 @@
                 JankData(surfaceFrame->getToken(), surfaceFrame->getJankType().value()));
     }
 
-    mFlinger->getTransactionCallbackInvoker().finalizePendingCallbackHandles(
+    mFlinger->getTransactionCallbackInvoker().addCallbackHandles(
             mDrawingState.callbackHandles, jankData);
 
+    sp<Fence> releaseFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
+    for (auto& handle : mDrawingState.callbackHandles) {
+        if (handle->releasePreviousBuffer &&
+            mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint == handle->listener) {
+            releaseFence =
+                    handle->previousReleaseFence ? handle->previousReleaseFence : Fence::NO_FENCE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
     mDrawingState.callbackHandles = {};
 
-    const sp<Fence>& releaseFence(mPreviousReleaseFence);
     std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> releaseFenceTime = std::make_shared<FenceTime>(releaseFence);
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mFrameEventHistoryMutex);
@@ -411,15 +368,55 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool BufferStateLayer::setBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                                 const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, nsecs_t postTime,
+std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> BufferStateLayer::getBufferFromBufferData(
+        const BufferData& bufferData) {
+    bool cacheIdChanged = bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::cachedBufferChanged);
+    bool bufferSizeExceedsLimit = false;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer = nullptr;
+    if (cacheIdChanged && bufferData.buffer != nullptr) {
+        bufferSizeExceedsLimit =
+                mFlinger->exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(bufferData.buffer->getWidth(),
+                                                     bufferData.buffer->getHeight());
+        if (!bufferSizeExceedsLimit) {
+            ClientCache::getInstance().add(bufferData.cachedBuffer, bufferData.buffer);
+            buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().get(bufferData.cachedBuffer);
+        }
+    } else if (cacheIdChanged) {
+        buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().get(bufferData.cachedBuffer);
+    } else if (bufferData.buffer != nullptr) {
+        bufferSizeExceedsLimit =
+                mFlinger->exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(bufferData.buffer->getWidth(),
+                                                     bufferData.buffer->getHeight());
+        if (!bufferSizeExceedsLimit) {
+            buffer = std::make_shared<
+                    renderengine::ExternalTexture>(bufferData.buffer, mFlinger->getRenderEngine(),
+                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+        }
+    }
+    ALOGE_IF(bufferSizeExceedsLimit,
+             "Attempted to create an ExternalTexture for layer %s that exceeds render target size "
+             "limit.",
+             getDebugName());
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+bool BufferStateLayer::setBuffer(const BufferData& bufferData, nsecs_t postTime,
                                  nsecs_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
-                                 const client_cache_t& clientCacheId, uint64_t frameNumber,
-                                 std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime, const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
-                                 const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& releaseBufferListener,
-                                 const sp<IBinder>& releaseBufferEndpoint) {
+                                 std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime,
+                                 const FrameTimelineInfo& info) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
+    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer =
+            getBufferFromBufferData(bufferData);
+    if (!buffer) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const bool frameNumberChanged =
+            bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged);
+    const uint64_t frameNumber =
+            frameNumberChanged ? bufferData.frameNumber : mDrawingState.frameNumber + 1;
+
     if (mDrawingState.buffer) {
         mReleasePreviousBuffer = true;
         if (mDrawingState.buffer != mBufferInfo.mBuffer ||
@@ -430,7 +427,7 @@
             // call any release buffer callbacks if set.
             callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
                                       mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer(), mDrawingState.frameNumber,
-                                      mDrawingState.acquireFence, mTransformHint,
+                                      mDrawingState.acquireFence,
                                       mFlinger->getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(
                                               mOwnerUid));
             decrementPendingBufferCount();
@@ -439,13 +436,28 @@
               addSurfaceFrameDroppedForBuffer(mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
               mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX.reset();
             }
+        } else if (mLastClientCompositionFence != nullptr) {
+            callReleaseBufferCallback(mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener,
+                                      mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer(), mDrawingState.frameNumber,
+                                      mLastClientCompositionFence,
+                                      mFlinger->getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(
+                                              mOwnerUid));
+            mLastClientCompositionFence = nullptr;
         }
     }
 
     mDrawingState.frameNumber = frameNumber;
-    mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener = releaseBufferListener;
+    mDrawingState.releaseBufferListener = bufferData.releaseBufferListener;
     mDrawingState.buffer = buffer;
-    mDrawingState.clientCacheId = clientCacheId;
+    mDrawingState.clientCacheId = bufferData.cachedBuffer;
+
+    mDrawingState.acquireFence = bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged)
+            ? bufferData.acquireFence
+            : Fence::NO_FENCE;
+    mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime = std::make_unique<FenceTime>(mDrawingState.acquireFence);
+    // The acquire fences of BufferStateLayers have already signaled before they are set
+    mCallbackHandleAcquireTime = mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime->getSignalTime();
+
     mDrawingState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
 
@@ -464,10 +476,11 @@
 
         return static_cast<nsecs_t>(0);
     }();
-    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, presentTime,
-                                             LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
-    addFrameEvent(acquireFence, postTime, isAutoTimestamp ? 0 : desiredPresentTime);
+    using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
+    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, presentTime, LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+
+    addFrameEvent(mDrawingState.acquireFence, postTime, isAutoTimestamp ? 0 : desiredPresentTime);
 
     setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferTransaction(info, postTime);
 
@@ -482,20 +495,7 @@
 
     mDrawingState.width = mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer()->getWidth();
     mDrawingState.height = mDrawingState.buffer->getBuffer()->getHeight();
-    mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint = releaseBufferEndpoint;
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool BufferStateLayer::setAcquireFence(const sp<Fence>& fence) {
-    mDrawingState.acquireFence = fence;
-    mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime = std::make_unique<FenceTime>(fence);
-
-    // The acquire fences of BufferStateLayers have already signaled before they are set
-    mCallbackHandleAcquireTime = mDrawingState.acquireFenceTime->getSignalTime();
-
-    mDrawingState.modified = true;
-    setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
+    mDrawingState.releaseBufferEndpoint = bufferData.releaseBufferEndpoint;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
     if (!mSidebandStreamChanged.exchange(true)) {
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was false
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
+        mFlinger->onLayerUpdate();
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -569,10 +569,6 @@
             handle->acquireTime = mCallbackHandleAcquireTime;
             handle->frameNumber = mDrawingState.frameNumber;
 
-            // Notify the transaction completed thread that there is a pending latched callback
-            // handle
-            mFlinger->getTransactionCallbackInvoker().registerPendingCallbackHandle(handle);
-
             // Store so latched time and release fence can be set
             mDrawingState.callbackHandles.push_back(handle);
 
@@ -596,7 +592,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-Rect BufferStateLayer::getBufferSize(const State& s) const {
+Rect BufferStateLayer::getBufferSize(const State& /*s*/) const {
     // for buffer state layers we use the display frame size as the buffer size.
 
     if (mBufferInfo.mBuffer == nullptr) {
@@ -618,7 +614,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    return Rect(0, 0, bufWidth, bufHeight);
+    return Rect(0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(bufWidth), static_cast<int32_t>(bufHeight));
 }
 
 FloatRect BufferStateLayer::computeSourceBounds(const FloatRect& parentBounds) const {
@@ -635,7 +631,7 @@
 // Interface implementation for BufferLayer
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 bool BufferStateLayer::fenceHasSignaled() const {
-    if (SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaled) {
+    if (SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig != LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -664,47 +660,15 @@
     return BufferLayer::onPreComposition(refreshStartTime);
 }
 
-uint64_t BufferStateLayer::getFrameNumber(nsecs_t /*expectedPresentTime*/) const {
-    return mDrawingState.frameNumber;
-}
-
-/**
- * This is the frameNumber used for deferred transaction signalling. We need to use this because
- * of cases where we defer a transaction for a surface to itself. In the BLAST world this
- * may not make a huge amount of sense (Why not just merge the Buffer transaction with the
- * deferred transaction?) but this is an important legacy use case, for example moving
- * a window at the same time it draws makes use of this kind of technique. So anyway
- * imagine we have something like this:
- *
- * Transaction { // containing
- *     Buffer -> frameNumber = 2
- *     DeferTransactionUntil -> frameNumber = 2
- *     Random other stuff
- *  }
- * Now imagine mFrameNumber returned mDrawingState.frameNumber (or mCurrentFrameNumber).
- * Prior to doTransaction SurfaceFlinger will call notifyAvailableFrames, but because we
- * haven't swapped mDrawingState to mDrawingState yet we will think the sync point
- * is not ready. So we will return false from applyPendingState and not swap
- * current state to drawing state. But because we don't swap current state
- * to drawing state the number will never update and we will be stuck. This way
- * we can see we need to return the frame number for the buffer we are about
- * to apply.
- */
-uint64_t BufferStateLayer::getHeadFrameNumber(nsecs_t /* expectedPresentTime */) const {
-    return mDrawingState.frameNumber;
-}
-
 void BufferStateLayer::setAutoRefresh(bool autoRefresh) {
-    if (!mAutoRefresh.exchange(autoRefresh)) {
-        mFlinger->signalLayerUpdate();
-    }
+    mDrawingState.autoRefresh = autoRefresh;
 }
 
 bool BufferStateLayer::latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) {
     // We need to update the sideband stream if the layer has both a buffer and a sideband stream.
-    const bool updateSidebandStream = hasFrameUpdate() && mSidebandStream.get();
+    editCompositionState()->sidebandStreamHasFrame = hasFrameUpdate() && mSidebandStream.get();
 
-    if (mSidebandStreamChanged.exchange(false) || updateSidebandStream) {
+    if (mSidebandStreamChanged.exchange(false)) {
         const State& s(getDrawingState());
         // mSidebandStreamChanged was true
         mSidebandStream = s.sidebandStream;
@@ -770,7 +734,7 @@
 
     std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>> remainingHandles;
     mFlinger->getTransactionCallbackInvoker()
-            .finalizeOnCommitCallbackHandles(mDrawingState.callbackHandles, remainingHandles);
+            .addOnCommitCallbackHandles(mDrawingState.callbackHandles, remainingHandles);
     mDrawingState.callbackHandles = remainingHandles;
 
     mDrawingStateModified = false;
@@ -817,7 +781,7 @@
     eraseBufferLocked(clientCacheId);
 }
 
-uint32_t BufferStateLayer::HwcSlotGenerator::getHwcCacheSlot(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) {
+int BufferStateLayer::HwcSlotGenerator::getHwcCacheSlot(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     auto itr = mCachedBuffers.find(clientCacheId);
     if (itr == mCachedBuffers.end()) {
@@ -828,7 +792,7 @@
     return hwcCacheSlot;
 }
 
-uint32_t BufferStateLayer::HwcSlotGenerator::addCachedBuffer(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId)
+int BufferStateLayer::HwcSlotGenerator::addCachedBuffer(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId)
         REQUIRES(mMutex) {
     if (!clientCacheId.isValid()) {
         ALOGE("invalid process, returning invalid slot");
@@ -837,17 +801,17 @@
 
     ClientCache::getInstance().registerErasedRecipient(clientCacheId, wp<ErasedRecipient>(this));
 
-    uint32_t hwcCacheSlot = getFreeHwcCacheSlot();
+    int hwcCacheSlot = getFreeHwcCacheSlot();
     mCachedBuffers[clientCacheId] = {hwcCacheSlot, mCounter++};
     return hwcCacheSlot;
 }
 
-uint32_t BufferStateLayer::HwcSlotGenerator::getFreeHwcCacheSlot() REQUIRES(mMutex) {
+int BufferStateLayer::HwcSlotGenerator::getFreeHwcCacheSlot() REQUIRES(mMutex) {
     if (mFreeHwcCacheSlots.empty()) {
         evictLeastRecentlyUsed();
     }
 
-    uint32_t hwcCacheSlot = mFreeHwcCacheSlots.top();
+    int hwcCacheSlot = mFreeHwcCacheSlots.top();
     mFreeHwcCacheSlots.pop();
     return hwcCacheSlot;
 }
@@ -920,7 +884,7 @@
 }
 
 sp<Layer> BufferStateLayer::createClone() {
-    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, 0, 0, LayerMetadata());
+    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, LayerMetadata());
     args.textureName = mTextureName;
     sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = mFlinger->getFactory().createBufferStateLayer(args);
     layer->mHwcSlotGenerator = mHwcSlotGenerator;
@@ -934,8 +898,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    uint32_t bufferWidth = s.buffer->getBuffer()->width;
-    uint32_t bufferHeight = s.buffer->getBuffer()->height;
+    int32_t bufferWidth = s.buffer->getBuffer()->width;
+    int32_t bufferHeight = s.buffer->getBuffer()->height;
 
     // Undo any transformations on the buffer and return the result.
     if (s.bufferTransform & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
@@ -994,6 +958,3 @@
 }
 
 } // namespace android
-
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
index 0a0527c..eea700c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferStateLayer.h
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@
     // Implements Layer.
     const char* getType() const override { return "BufferStateLayer"; }
 
-    void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) override;
+    void onLayerDisplayed(
+            std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) override;
+
     void releasePendingBuffer(nsecs_t dequeueReadyTime) override;
 
     void finalizeFrameEventHistory(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
@@ -55,13 +57,9 @@
     bool setTransform(uint32_t transform) override;
     bool setTransformToDisplayInverse(bool transformToDisplayInverse) override;
     bool setCrop(const Rect& crop) override;
-    bool setBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
-                   const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, nsecs_t postTime, nsecs_t desiredPresentTime,
-                   bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& clientCacheId, uint64_t frameNumber,
-                   std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime, const FrameTimelineInfo& info,
-                   const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& transactionListener,
-                   const sp<IBinder>& releaseBufferEndpoint) override;
-    bool setAcquireFence(const sp<Fence>& fence) override;
+    bool setBuffer(const BufferData& bufferData, nsecs_t postTime, nsecs_t desiredPresentTime,
+                   bool isAutoTimestamp, std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueTime,
+                   const FrameTimelineInfo& info) override;
     bool setDataspace(ui::Dataspace dataspace) override;
     bool setHdrMetadata(const HdrMetadata& hdrMetadata) override;
     bool setSurfaceDamageRegion(const Region& surfaceDamage) override;
@@ -105,7 +103,6 @@
 
 protected:
     void gatherBufferInfo() override;
-    uint64_t getHeadFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const;
     void onSurfaceFrameCreated(const std::shared_ptr<frametimeline::SurfaceFrame>& surfaceFrame);
     ui::Transform getInputTransform() const override;
     Rect getInputBounds() const override;
@@ -120,10 +117,6 @@
     bool updateFrameEventHistory(const sp<Fence>& acquireFence, nsecs_t postedTime,
                                  nsecs_t requestedPresentTime);
 
-    status_t addReleaseFence(const sp<CallbackHandle>& ch, const sp<Fence>& releaseFence);
-
-    uint64_t getFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const override;
-
     bool latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) override;
 
     bool hasFrameUpdate() const override;
@@ -143,7 +136,9 @@
 
     bool bufferNeedsFiltering() const override;
 
-    sp<Fence> mPreviousReleaseFence;
+    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> getBufferFromBufferData(
+            const BufferData& bufferData);
+
     ReleaseCallbackId mPreviousReleaseCallbackId = ReleaseCallbackId::INVALID_ID;
     uint64_t mPreviousReleasedFrameNumber = 0;
 
@@ -178,19 +173,19 @@
     class HwcSlotGenerator : public ClientCache::ErasedRecipient {
     public:
         HwcSlotGenerator() {
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
                 mFreeHwcCacheSlots.push(i);
             }
         }
 
         void bufferErased(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId);
 
-        uint32_t getHwcCacheSlot(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId);
+        int getHwcCacheSlot(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId);
 
     private:
         friend class SlotGenerationTest;
-        uint32_t addCachedBuffer(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) REQUIRES(mMutex);
-        uint32_t getFreeHwcCacheSlot() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+        int addCachedBuffer(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+        int getFreeHwcCacheSlot() REQUIRES(mMutex);
         void evictLeastRecentlyUsed() REQUIRES(mMutex);
         void eraseBufferLocked(const client_cache_t& clientCacheId) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
@@ -202,11 +197,10 @@
 
         std::mutex mMutex;
 
-        std::unordered_map<client_cache_t,
-                           std::pair<uint32_t /*HwcCacheSlot*/, uint32_t /*counter*/>,
+        std::unordered_map<client_cache_t, std::pair<int /*HwcCacheSlot*/, uint64_t /*counter*/>,
                            CachedBufferHash>
                 mCachedBuffers GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
-        std::stack<uint32_t /*HwcCacheSlot*/> mFreeHwcCacheSlots GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+        std::stack<int /*HwcCacheSlot*/> mFreeHwcCacheSlots GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
         // The cache increments this counter value when a slot is updated or used.
         // Used to track the least recently-used buffer
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Client.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Client.cpp
index aac6c91..0a8ebec 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Client.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Client.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
@@ -76,35 +72,28 @@
     return lbc;
 }
 
-status_t Client::createSurface(const String8& name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, PixelFormat format,
-                               uint32_t flags, const sp<IBinder>& parentHandle,
-                               LayerMetadata metadata, sp<IBinder>* handle,
-                               sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp, int32_t* outLayerId,
-                               uint32_t* outTransformHint) {
+status_t Client::createSurface(const String8& name, uint32_t /* w */, uint32_t /* h */,
+                               PixelFormat /* format */, uint32_t flags,
+                               const sp<IBinder>& parentHandle, LayerMetadata metadata,
+                               sp<IBinder>* outHandle, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* /* gbp */,
+                               int32_t* outLayerId, uint32_t* outTransformHint) {
     // We rely on createLayer to check permissions.
-    return mFlinger->createLayer(name, this, w, h, format, flags, std::move(metadata), handle, gbp,
-                                 parentHandle, outLayerId, nullptr, outTransformHint);
+    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), this, name.c_str(), flags, std::move(metadata));
+    return mFlinger->createLayer(args, outHandle, parentHandle, outLayerId, nullptr,
+                                 outTransformHint);
 }
 
-status_t Client::createWithSurfaceParent(const String8& name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
-                                         PixelFormat format, uint32_t flags,
-                                         const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& parent,
-                                         LayerMetadata metadata, sp<IBinder>* handle,
-                                         sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp, int32_t* outLayerId,
-                                         uint32_t* outTransformHint) {
-    if (mFlinger->authenticateSurfaceTexture(parent) == false) {
-        ALOGE("failed to authenticate surface texture");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    const auto& layer = (static_cast<MonitoredProducer*>(parent.get()))->getLayer();
-    if (layer == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("failed to find parent layer");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    return mFlinger->createLayer(name, this, w, h, format, flags, std::move(metadata), handle, gbp,
-                                 nullptr, outLayerId, layer, outTransformHint);
+status_t Client::createWithSurfaceParent(const String8& /* name */, uint32_t /* w */,
+                                         uint32_t /* h */, PixelFormat /* format */,
+                                         uint32_t /* flags */,
+                                         const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& /* parent */,
+                                         LayerMetadata /* metadata */, sp<IBinder>* /* handle */,
+                                         sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* /* gbp */,
+                                         int32_t* /* outLayerId */,
+                                         uint32_t* /* outTransformHint */) {
+    // This api does not make sense with blast since SF no longer tracks IGBP. This api should be
+    // removed.
+    return BAD_VALUE;
 }
 
 status_t Client::mirrorSurface(const sp<IBinder>& mirrorFromHandle, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
@@ -132,6 +121,3 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }; // namespace android
-
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp
index f310738..e7b8995 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ClientCache.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+
 #include "ClientCache.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
-using base::StringAppendF;
-
 ANDROID_SINGLETON_STATIC_INSTANCE(ClientCache);
 
 ClientCache::ClientCache() : mDeathRecipient(new CacheDeathRecipient) {}
@@ -82,10 +82,13 @@
             return false;
         }
 
-        status_t err = token->linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient);
-        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("failed to cache buffer: could not link to death");
-            return false;
+        // Only call linkToDeath if not a local binder
+        if (token->localBinder() == nullptr) {
+            status_t err = token->linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient);
+            if (err != NO_ERROR) {
+                ALOGE("failed to cache buffer: could not link to death");
+                return false;
+            }
         }
         auto [itr, success] =
                 mBuffers.emplace(processToken,
@@ -212,16 +215,15 @@
 
 void ClientCache::dump(std::string& result) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-    for (auto i : mBuffers) {
-        const sp<IBinder>& cacheOwner = i.second.first;
-        StringAppendF(&result," Cache owner: %p\n", cacheOwner.get());
-        auto &buffers = i.second.second;
-        for (auto& [id, clientCacheBuffer] : buffers) {
-            StringAppendF(&result, "\t ID: %d, Width/Height: %d,%d\n", (int)id,
-                          (int)clientCacheBuffer.buffer->getBuffer()->getWidth(),
-                          (int)clientCacheBuffer.buffer->getBuffer()->getHeight());
+    for (const auto& [_, cache] : mBuffers) {
+        base::StringAppendF(&result, " Cache owner: %p\n", cache.first.get());
+
+        for (const auto& [id, entry] : cache.second) {
+            const auto& buffer = entry.buffer->getBuffer();
+            base::StringAppendF(&result, "\tID: %" PRIu64 ", size: %ux%u\n", id, buffer->getWidth(),
+                                buffer->getHeight());
         }
     }
 }
 
-}; // namespace android
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
index d738ccd..aefc014 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
         "libbase",
@@ -37,13 +38,16 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libmath",
         "librenderengine",
+        "libtonemap",
         "libtrace_proto",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
         "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
index 554e2f4..93586ed 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/CompositionRefreshArgs.h
@@ -47,9 +47,6 @@
     // All the layers that have queued updates.
     Layers layersWithQueuedFrames;
 
-    // If true, forces the entire display to be considered dirty and repainted
-    bool repaintEverything{false};
-
     // Controls how the color mode is chosen for an output
     OutputColorSetting outputColorSetting{OutputColorSetting::kEnhanced};
 
@@ -88,8 +85,8 @@
     // to prevent an early presentation of a frame.
     std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> previousPresentFence;
 
-    // The predicted next invalidation time
-    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextInvalidateTime;
+    // If set, a frame has been scheduled for that time.
+    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> scheduledFrameTime;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplayCreationArgs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplayCreationArgs.h
index 14eddb1..98c4af4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplayCreationArgs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplayCreationArgs.h
@@ -36,18 +36,12 @@
 struct DisplayCreationArgs {
     DisplayId id;
 
-    // Unset for virtual displays
-    std::optional<ui::DisplayConnectionType> connectionType;
-
     // Size of the display in pixels
-    ui::Size pixels = ui::Size::INVALID;
+    ui::Size pixels = ui::kInvalidSize;
 
     // True if this display should be considered secure
     bool isSecure = false;
 
-    // Gives the initial layer stack id to be used for the display
-    uint32_t layerStackId = ~0u;
-
     // Optional pointer to the power advisor interface, if one is needed for
     // this display.
     Hwc2::PowerAdvisor* powerAdvisor = nullptr;
@@ -69,11 +63,6 @@
         return *this;
     }
 
-    DisplayCreationArgsBuilder& setConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType connectionType) {
-        mArgs.connectionType = connectionType;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
     DisplayCreationArgsBuilder& setPixels(ui::Size pixels) {
         mArgs.pixels = pixels;
         return *this;
@@ -84,11 +73,6 @@
         return *this;
     }
 
-    DisplayCreationArgsBuilder& setLayerStackId(uint32_t layerStackId) {
-        mArgs.layerStackId = layerStackId;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
     DisplayCreationArgsBuilder& setPowerAdvisor(Hwc2::PowerAdvisor* powerAdvisor) {
         mArgs.powerAdvisor = powerAdvisor;
         return *this;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplaySurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplaySurface.h
index 4502eee..c553fce 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplaySurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/DisplaySurface.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cinttypes>
+
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
@@ -47,13 +49,8 @@
     // before composition takes place. The DisplaySurface can use the
     // composition type to decide how to manage the flow of buffers between
     // GPU and HWC for this frame.
-    enum CompositionType {
-        COMPOSITION_UNKNOWN = 0,
-        COMPOSITION_GPU = 1,
-        COMPOSITION_HWC = 2,
-        COMPOSITION_MIXED = COMPOSITION_GPU | COMPOSITION_HWC
-    };
-    virtual status_t prepareFrame(CompositionType compositionType) = 0;
+    enum class CompositionType : uint8_t { Unknown = 0, Gpu = 0b1, Hwc = 0b10, Mixed = Gpu | Hwc };
+    virtual status_t prepareFrame(CompositionType) = 0;
 
     // Inform the surface that GPU composition is complete for this frame, and
     // the surface should make sure that HWComposer has the correct buffer for
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
index e51019a..ac243c0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFE.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <future>
 #include <optional>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
 #include <renderengine/LayerSettings.h>
+#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
@@ -115,10 +117,6 @@
         // If set to true, the target buffer has protected content support.
         const bool supportsProtectedContent;
 
-        // Modified by each call to prepareClientComposition to indicate the
-        // region of the target buffer that should be cleared.
-        Region& clearRegion;
-
         // Viewport of the target being rendered to. This is used to determine
         // the shadow light position.
         const Rect& viewport;
@@ -155,7 +153,7 @@
             ClientCompositionTargetSettings&) = 0;
 
     // Called after the layer is displayed to update the presentation fence
-    virtual void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>&) = 0;
+    virtual void onLayerDisplayed(std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>) = 0;
 
     // Gets some kind of identifier for the layer for debug purposes.
     virtual const char* getDebugName() const = 0;
@@ -165,6 +163,7 @@
 
     // Whether the layer should be rendered with rounded corners.
     virtual bool hasRoundedCorners() const = 0;
+    virtual void setWasClientComposed(const sp<Fence>&) {}
 };
 
 // TODO(b/121291683): Specialize std::hash<> for sp<T> so these and others can
@@ -177,11 +176,10 @@
 
 static inline bool operator==(const LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings& lhs,
                               const LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings& rhs) {
-    return lhs.clip.hasSameRects(rhs.clip) &&
-            lhs.needsFiltering == rhs.needsFiltering && lhs.isSecure == rhs.isSecure &&
+    return lhs.clip.hasSameRects(rhs.clip) && lhs.needsFiltering == rhs.needsFiltering &&
+            lhs.isSecure == rhs.isSecure &&
             lhs.supportsProtectedContent == rhs.supportsProtectedContent &&
-            lhs.clearRegion.hasSameRects(rhs.clearRegion) && lhs.viewport == rhs.viewport &&
-            lhs.dataspace == rhs.dataspace &&
+            lhs.viewport == rhs.viewport && lhs.dataspace == rhs.dataspace &&
             lhs.realContentIsVisible == rhs.realContentIsVisible &&
             lhs.clearContent == rhs.clearContent;
 }
@@ -202,8 +200,6 @@
     *os << "\n    .needsFiltering = " << settings.needsFiltering;
     *os << "\n    .isSecure = " << settings.isSecure;
     *os << "\n    .supportsProtectedContent = " << settings.supportsProtectedContent;
-    *os << "\n    .clearRegion = ";
-    PrintTo(settings.clearRegion, os);
     *os << "\n    .viewport = ";
     PrintTo(settings.viewport, os);
     *os << "\n    .dataspace = ";
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h
index a45be8a..36594ea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/LayerFECompositionState.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <math/mat4.h>
 #include <ui/BlurRegion.h>
 #include <ui/FloatRect.h>
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
@@ -93,11 +94,9 @@
     /*
      * Visibility state
      */
-    // the layer stack this layer belongs to
-    std::optional<uint32_t> layerStackId;
 
-    // If true, this layer should be only visible on the internal display
-    bool internalOnly{false};
+    // The filter that determines which outputs include this layer
+    ui::LayerFilter outputFilter;
 
     // If false, this layer should not be considered visible
     bool isVisible{true};
@@ -167,6 +166,8 @@
 
     // The handle to use for a sideband stream for this layer
     sp<NativeHandle> sidebandStream;
+    // If true, this sideband layer has a frame update
+    bool sidebandStreamHasFrame{false};
 
     // The color for this layer
     half4 color;
@@ -199,6 +200,9 @@
     // The output-independent frame for the cursor
     Rect cursorFrame;
 
+    // framerate of the layer as measured by LayerHistory
+    float fps;
+
     virtual ~LayerFECompositionState();
 
     // Debugging
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Output.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Output.h
index 0ef0b99..73770b7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Output.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/Output.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <renderengine/LayerSettings.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
@@ -180,9 +181,8 @@
     // output.
     virtual ui::Transform::RotationFlags getTransformHint() const = 0;
 
-    // Sets the layer stack filtering settings for this output. See
-    // belongsInOutput for full details.
-    virtual void setLayerStackFilter(uint32_t layerStackId, bool isInternal) = 0;
+    // Sets the filter for this output. See Output::includesLayer.
+    virtual void setLayerFilter(ui::LayerFilter) = 0;
 
     // Sets the output color mode
     virtual void setColorProfile(const ColorProfile&) = 0;
@@ -221,20 +221,12 @@
     virtual OutputCompositionState& editState() = 0;
 
     // Gets the dirty region in layer stack space.
-    // If repaintEverything is true, this will be the full display bounds.
-    virtual Region getDirtyRegion(bool repaintEverything) const = 0;
+    virtual Region getDirtyRegion() const = 0;
 
-    // Tests whether a given layerStackId belongs in this output.
-    // A layer belongs to the output if its layerStackId matches the of the output layerStackId,
-    // unless the layer should display on the primary output only and this is not the primary output
-
-    // A layer belongs to the output if its layerStackId matches. Additionally
-    // if the layer should only show in the internal (primary) display only and
-    // this output allows that.
-    virtual bool belongsInOutput(std::optional<uint32_t> layerStackId, bool internalOnly) const = 0;
-
-    // Determines if a layer belongs to the output.
-    virtual bool belongsInOutput(const sp<LayerFE>&) const = 0;
+    // Returns whether the output includes a layer, based on their respective filters.
+    // See Output::setLayerFilter.
+    virtual bool includesLayer(ui::LayerFilter) const = 0;
+    virtual bool includesLayer(const sp<LayerFE>&) const = 0;
 
     // Returns a pointer to the output layer corresponding to the given layer on
     // this output, or nullptr if the layer does not have one
@@ -294,7 +286,8 @@
     virtual bool getSkipColorTransform() const = 0;
     virtual FrameFences presentAndGetFrameFences() = 0;
     virtual std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> generateClientCompositionRequests(
-            bool supportsProtectedContent, Region& clearRegion, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace) = 0;
+            bool supportsProtectedContent, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
+            std::vector<LayerFE*> &outLayerRef) = 0;
     virtual void appendRegionFlashRequests(
             const Region& flashRegion,
             std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>& clientCompositionLayers) = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h
index 58bb41a..a63145a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h
@@ -28,51 +28,36 @@
 
 // Geometrical space to which content is projected.
 // For example, this can be the layer space or the physical display space.
-struct ProjectionSpace {
+class ProjectionSpace {
+public:
     ProjectionSpace() = default;
-    ProjectionSpace(ui::Size size, Rect content)
-          : bounds(std::move(size)), content(std::move(content)) {}
-
-    // Bounds of this space. Always starts at (0,0).
-    Rect bounds;
-
-    // Rect onto which content is projected.
-    Rect content;
-
-    // The orientation of this space. This value is meaningful only in relation to the rotation
-    // of another projection space and it's used to determine the rotating transformation when
-    // mapping between the two.
-    // As a convention when using this struct orientation = 0 for the "oriented*" projection
-    // spaces. For example when the display is rotated 90 degress counterclockwise, the orientation
-    // of the display space will become 90, while  the orientation of the layer stack space will
-    // remain the same.
-    ui::Rotation orientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
+    ProjectionSpace(ui::Size size, Rect content) : mBounds(size), mContent(std::move(content)) {}
 
     // Returns a transform which maps this.content into destination.content
     // and also rotates according to this.orientation and destination.orientation
     ui::Transform getTransform(const ProjectionSpace& destination) const {
-        ui::Rotation rotation = destination.orientation - orientation;
+        ui::Rotation rotation = destination.getOrientation() - mOrientation;
 
         // Compute a transformation which rotates the destination in a way it has the same
         // orientation as us.
         const uint32_t inverseRotationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(-rotation);
         ui::Transform inverseRotatingTransform;
-        inverseRotatingTransform.set(inverseRotationFlags, destination.bounds.width(),
-                                     destination.bounds.height());
+        inverseRotatingTransform.set(inverseRotationFlags, destination.getBounds().width,
+                                     destination.getBounds().height);
         // The destination content rotated so it has the same orientation as us.
-        Rect orientedDestContent = inverseRotatingTransform.transform(destination.content);
+        Rect orientedDestContent = inverseRotatingTransform.transform(destination.getContent());
 
         // Compute translation from the source content to (0, 0).
-        const float sourceX = content.left;
-        const float sourceY = content.top;
+        const float sourceX = mContent.left;
+        const float sourceY = mContent.top;
         ui::Transform sourceTranslation;
         sourceTranslation.set(-sourceX, -sourceY);
 
         // Compute scaling transform which maps source content to destination content, assuming
         // they are both at (0, 0).
         ui::Transform scale;
-        const float scaleX = static_cast<float>(orientedDestContent.width()) / content.width();
-        const float scaleY = static_cast<float>(orientedDestContent.height()) / content.height();
+        const float scaleX = static_cast<float>(orientedDestContent.width()) / mContent.width();
+        const float scaleY = static_cast<float>(orientedDestContent.height()) / mContent.height();
         scale.set(scaleX, 0, 0, scaleY);
 
         // Compute translation from (0, 0) to the orientated destination content.
@@ -83,8 +68,8 @@
 
         // Compute rotation transform.
         const uint32_t orientationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(rotation);
-        auto orientedDestWidth = destination.bounds.width();
-        auto orientedDestHeight = destination.bounds.height();
+        auto orientedDestWidth = destination.getBounds().width;
+        auto orientedDestHeight = destination.getBounds().height;
         if (rotation == ui::ROTATION_90 || rotation == ui::ROTATION_270) {
             std::swap(orientedDestWidth, orientedDestHeight);
         }
@@ -98,9 +83,39 @@
     }
 
     bool operator==(const ProjectionSpace& other) const {
-        return bounds == other.bounds && content == other.content &&
-                orientation == other.orientation;
+        return mBounds == other.mBounds && mContent == other.mContent &&
+                mOrientation == other.mOrientation;
     }
+
+    void setBounds(ui::Size newBounds) { mBounds = std::move(newBounds); }
+
+    void setContent(Rect newContent) { mContent = std::move(newContent); }
+
+    void setOrientation(ui::Rotation newOrientation) { mOrientation = newOrientation; }
+
+    Rect getBoundsAsRect() const { return Rect(mBounds.getWidth(), mBounds.getHeight()); }
+
+    const ui::Size& getBounds() const { return mBounds; }
+
+    const Rect& getContent() const { return mContent; }
+
+    ui::Rotation getOrientation() const { return mOrientation; }
+
+private:
+    // Bounds of this space. Always starts at (0,0).
+    ui::Size mBounds = ui::Size();
+
+    // Rect onto which content is projected.
+    Rect mContent = Rect();
+
+    // The orientation of this space. This value is meaningful only in relation to the rotation
+    // of another projection space and it's used to determine the rotating transformation when
+    // mapping between the two.
+    // As a convention when using this struct orientation = 0 for the "oriented*" projection
+    // spaces. For example when the display is rotated 90 degress counterclockwise, the orientation
+    // of the display space will become 90, while  the orientation of the layer stack space will
+    // remain the same.
+    ui::Rotation mOrientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
 };
 
 } // namespace compositionengine
@@ -108,8 +123,8 @@
 inline std::string to_string(const android::compositionengine::ProjectionSpace& space) {
     return android::base::
             StringPrintf("ProjectionSpace(bounds = %s, content = %s, orientation = %s)",
-                         to_string(space.bounds).c_str(), to_string(space.content).c_str(),
-                         toCString(space.orientation));
+                         to_string(space.getBoundsAsRect()).c_str(),
+                         to_string(space.getContent()).c_str(), toCString(space.getOrientation()));
 }
 
 // Defining PrintTo helps with Google Tests.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h
index bb540ea..b407267 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Display.h
@@ -83,9 +83,8 @@
     std::unique_ptr<compositionengine::OutputLayer> createOutputLayer(const sp<LayerFE>&) const;
 
 private:
-    bool mIsVirtual = false;
-    bool mIsDisconnected = false;
     DisplayId mId;
+    bool mIsDisconnected = false;
     Hwc2::PowerAdvisor* mPowerAdvisor = nullptr;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/DumpHelpers.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/DumpHelpers.h
index 6b9597b..7521324 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/DumpHelpers.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/DumpHelpers.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <math/mat4.h>
 #include <ui/FloatRect.h>
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
 #include <ui/StretchEffect.h>
@@ -52,13 +53,14 @@
     dumpVal(out, name, valueName, static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<EnumType>>(value));
 }
 
-void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const FloatRect& rect);
-void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const Rect& rect);
-void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const Region& region);
-void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const ui::Transform&);
-void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const ui::Size&);
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, ui::LayerFilter);
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, ui::Size);
 
-void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const mat4& tr);
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const FloatRect&);
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const Rect&);
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const Region&);
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const ui::Transform&);
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const mat4&);
 void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const StretchEffect&);
 
 } // namespace android::compositionengine::impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Output.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Output.h
index ddcc907..844876a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Output.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/Output.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h>
 #include <renderengine/DisplaySettings.h>
 #include <renderengine/LayerSettings.h>
+
 #include <memory>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@
     void setProjection(ui::Rotation orientation, const Rect& layerStackSpaceRect,
                        const Rect& orientedDisplaySpaceRect) override;
     void setDisplaySize(const ui::Size&) override;
-    void setLayerStackFilter(uint32_t layerStackId, bool isInternal) override;
+    void setLayerFilter(ui::LayerFilter) override;
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags getTransformHint() const override;
 
     void setColorTransform(const compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs&) override;
@@ -64,9 +65,10 @@
     compositionengine::RenderSurface* getRenderSurface() const override;
     void setRenderSurface(std::unique_ptr<compositionengine::RenderSurface>) override;
 
-    Region getDirtyRegion(bool repaintEverything) const override;
-    bool belongsInOutput(std::optional<uint32_t>, bool) const override;
-    bool belongsInOutput(const sp<LayerFE>&) const override;
+    Region getDirtyRegion() const override;
+
+    bool includesLayer(ui::LayerFilter) const override;
+    bool includesLayer(const sp<LayerFE>&) const override;
 
     compositionengine::OutputLayer* getOutputLayerForLayer(const sp<LayerFE>&) const override;
 
@@ -111,8 +113,8 @@
     bool getSkipColorTransform() const override;
     compositionengine::Output::FrameFences presentAndGetFrameFences() override;
     std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> generateClientCompositionRequests(
-            bool supportsProtectedContent, Region& clearRegion,
-            ui::Dataspace outputDataspace) override;
+          bool supportsProtectedContent, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace,
+          std::vector<LayerFE*> &outLayerFEs) override;
     void appendRegionFlashRequests(const Region&, std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>&) override;
     void setExpensiveRenderingExpected(bool enabled) override;
     void dumpBase(std::string&) const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h
index f34cb94..44f754f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
 
 #include <compositionengine/ProjectionSpace.h>
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
@@ -59,11 +60,8 @@
     // If true, the current frame reused the buffer from a previous client composition
     bool reusedClientComposition{false};
 
-    // If true, this output displays layers that are internal-only
-    bool layerStackInternal{false};
-
-    // The layer stack to display on this display
-    uint32_t layerStackId{~0u};
+    // The conditions for including a layer on this output
+    ui::LayerFilter layerFilter;
 
     // The common space for all layers in the layer stack. layerStackSpace.content is the Rect
     // which gets projected on the display. The orientation of this space is always ROTATION_0.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h
index 244f8ab..c15249d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h
@@ -73,8 +73,9 @@
     void writeOutputIndependentGeometryStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&,
                                                   bool skipLayer);
     void writeOutputDependentPerFrameStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*);
-    void writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&,
-                                                  bool skipLayer);
+    void writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(
+            HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&,
+            Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition compositionType, bool skipLayer);
     void writeSolidColorStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&);
     void writeSidebandStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&);
     void writeBufferStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&, bool skipLayer);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
index a040fa9..92cc484 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
@@ -87,6 +87,13 @@
         const bool mEnableHolePunch;
     };
 
+    // Constants not yet backed by a sysprop
+    // CachedSets that contain no more than this many layers may be considered inactive on the basis
+    // of FPS.
+    static constexpr int kNumLayersFpsConsideration = 1;
+    // Frames/Second threshold below which these CachedSets may be considered inactive.
+    static constexpr float kFpsActiveThreshold = 1.f;
+
     Flattener(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine, const Tunables& tunables);
 
     void setDisplaySize(ui::Size size) {
@@ -119,29 +126,30 @@
                              std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now);
 
     // A Run is a sequence of CachedSets, which is a candidate for flattening into a single
-    // CachedSet. Because it is wasteful to flatten 1 CachedSet, a Run must contain more than 1
-    // CachedSet
+    // CachedSet. Because it is wasteful to flatten 1 CachedSet, a run must contain more than
+    // 1 CachedSet or be used for a hole punch.
     class Run {
     public:
         // A builder for a Run, to aid in construction
         class Builder {
         private:
             std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator mStart;
-            std::vector<size_t> mLengths;
+            int32_t mNumSets = 0;
             const CachedSet* mHolePunchCandidate = nullptr;
             const CachedSet* mBlurringLayer = nullptr;
+            bool mBuilt = false;
 
         public:
             // Initializes a Builder a CachedSet to start from.
             // This start iterator must be an iterator for mLayers
             void init(const std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator& start) {
                 mStart = start;
-                mLengths.push_back(start->getLayerCount());
+                mNumSets = 1;
             }
 
             // Appends a new CachedSet to the end of the run
             // The provided length must be the size of the next sequential CachedSet in layers
-            void append(size_t length) { mLengths.push_back(length); }
+            void increment() { mNumSets++; }
 
             // Sets the hole punch candidate for the Run.
             void setHolePunchCandidate(const CachedSet* holePunchCandidate) {
@@ -154,13 +162,36 @@
 
             // Builds a Run instance, if a valid Run may be built.
             std::optional<Run> validateAndBuild() {
-                if (mLengths.size() <= 1) {
+                const bool built = mBuilt;
+                mBuilt = true;
+                if (mNumSets <= 0 || built) {
                     return std::nullopt;
                 }
 
+                const bool requiresHolePunch =
+                        mHolePunchCandidate && mHolePunchCandidate->requiresHolePunch();
+
+                if (!requiresHolePunch) {
+                    // If we don't require a hole punch, then treat solid color layers at the front
+                    // to be "cheap", so remove them from the candidate cached set.
+                    while (mNumSets > 1 && mStart->getLayerCount() == 1 &&
+                           mStart->getFirstLayer().getBuffer() == nullptr) {
+                        mStart++;
+                        mNumSets--;
+                    }
+
+                    // Only allow for single cached sets if a hole punch is required. If we're here,
+                    // then we don't require a hole punch, so don't build a run.
+                    if (mNumSets <= 1) {
+                        return std::nullopt;
+                    }
+                }
+
                 return Run(mStart,
-                           std::reduce(mLengths.cbegin(), mLengths.cend(), 0u,
-                                       [](size_t left, size_t right) { return left + right; }),
+                           std::reduce(mStart, mStart + mNumSets, 0u,
+                                       [](size_t length, const CachedSet& set) {
+                                           return length + set.getLayerCount();
+                                       }),
                            mHolePunchCandidate, mBlurringLayer);
             }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h
index 5237527..7397c19 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/LayerState.h
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@
     bool isProtected() const {
         return getOutputLayer()->getLayerFE().getCompositionState()->hasProtectedContent;
     }
+    float getFps() const { return getOutputLayer()->getLayerFE().getCompositionState()->fps; }
 
     void dump(std::string& result) const;
     std::optional<std::string> compare(const LayerState& other) const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
index d215bda..16aebef 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
                  std::vector<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                          compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings&));
 
-    MOCK_METHOD1(onLayerDisplayed, void(const sp<Fence>&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(onLayerDisplayed, void(std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>));
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getDebugName, const char*());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getSequence, int32_t());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Output.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Output.h
index 8fdf3ae..7b0d028 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Output.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/mock/Output.h
@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@
     MOCK_METHOD1(setLayerCachingTexturePoolEnabled, void(bool));
     MOCK_METHOD3(setProjection, void(ui::Rotation, const Rect&, const Rect&));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setDisplaySize, void(const ui::Size&));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setLayerStackFilter, void(uint32_t, bool));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getTransformHint, ui::Transform::RotationFlags());
 
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setLayerFilter, (ui::LayerFilter));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, includesLayer, (ui::LayerFilter), (const));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, includesLayer, (const sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>&), (const));
+
     MOCK_METHOD1(setColorTransform, void(const compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs&));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setColorProfile, void(const ColorProfile&));
     MOCK_METHOD2(setDisplayBrightness, void(float, float));
@@ -62,9 +65,7 @@
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getState, const OutputCompositionState&());
     MOCK_METHOD0(editState, OutputCompositionState&());
 
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getDirtyRegion, Region(bool));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(belongsInOutput, bool(std::optional<uint32_t>, bool));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(belongsInOutput, bool(const sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>&));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Region, getDirtyRegion, (), (const));
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getOutputLayerForLayer,
                        compositionengine::OutputLayer*(const sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>&));
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD0(presentAndGetFrameFences, compositionengine::Output::FrameFences());
 
     MOCK_METHOD3(generateClientCompositionRequests,
-                 std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(bool, Region&, ui::Dataspace));
+                 std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(bool, ui::Dataspace, std::vector<compositionengine::LayerFE*>&));
     MOCK_METHOD2(appendRegionFlashRequests,
                  void(const Region&, std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>&));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setExpensiveRenderingExpected, void(bool));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
index 2f2c686..02fa49f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Display.cpp
@@ -51,12 +51,9 @@
 
 void Display::setConfiguration(const compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgs& args) {
     mId = args.id;
-    mIsVirtual = !args.connectionType;
     mPowerAdvisor = args.powerAdvisor;
     editState().isSecure = args.isSecure;
-    editState().displaySpace.bounds = Rect(args.pixels);
-    setLayerStackFilter(args.layerStackId,
-                        args.connectionType == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal);
+    editState().displaySpace.setBounds(args.pixels);
     setName(args.name);
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +70,7 @@
 }
 
 bool Display::isVirtual() const {
-    return mIsVirtual;
+    return VirtualDisplayId::tryCast(mId).has_value();
 }
 
 std::optional<DisplayId> Display::getDisplayId() const {
@@ -117,8 +114,8 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (mIsVirtual) {
-        ALOGW("%s: Invalid operation on virtual display", __FUNCTION__);
+    if (isVirtual()) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Invalid operation on virtual display", __func__);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -136,7 +133,7 @@
     StringAppendF(&out, "   Composition Display State: [\"%s\"]", getName().c_str());
 
     out.append("\n   ");
-    dumpVal(out, "isVirtual", mIsVirtual);
+    dumpVal(out, "isVirtual", isVirtual());
     dumpVal(out, "DisplayId", to_string(mId));
     out.append("\n");
 
@@ -364,8 +361,7 @@
     // 1) It is being handled by hardware composer, which may need this to
     //    keep its virtual display state machine in sync, or
     // 2) There is work to be done (the dirty region isn't empty)
-    if (GpuVirtualDisplayId::tryCast(mId) &&
-        getDirtyRegion(refreshArgs.repaintEverything).isEmpty()) {
+    if (GpuVirtualDisplayId::tryCast(mId) && getDirtyRegion().isEmpty()) {
         ALOGV("Skipping display composition");
         return;
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/DumpHelpers.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/DumpHelpers.cpp
index 5565396..01c368d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/DumpHelpers.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/DumpHelpers.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,18 @@
     dumpVal(out, name, valueName.c_str(), value);
 }
 
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, ui::LayerFilter filter) {
+    out.append(name);
+    out.append("={");
+    dumpVal(out, "layerStack", filter.layerStack.id);
+    dumpVal(out, "toInternalDisplay", filter.toInternalDisplay);
+    out.push_back('}');
+}
+
+void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, ui::Size size) {
+    StringAppendF(&out, "%s=[%d %d] ", name, size.width, size.height);
+}
+
 void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const FloatRect& rect) {
     StringAppendF(&out, "%s=[%f %f %f %f] ", name, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
 }
@@ -80,10 +92,6 @@
     out.append(" ");
 }
 
-void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const ui::Size& size) {
-    StringAppendF(&out, "%s=[%d %d] ", name, size.width, size.height);
-}
-
 void dumpVal(std::string& out, const char* name, const mat4& tr) {
     StringAppendF(&out,
                   "%s=["
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index 95ae5e5..6800004 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/planner/Planner.h>
+#include <ftl/future.h>
 
 #include <thread>
 
@@ -156,38 +157,40 @@
                            const Rect& orientedDisplaySpaceRect) {
     auto& outputState = editState();
 
-    outputState.displaySpace.orientation = orientation;
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(outputState.displaySpace.bounds == Rect::INVALID_RECT,
+    outputState.displaySpace.setOrientation(orientation);
+    LOG_FATAL_IF(outputState.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect() == Rect::INVALID_RECT,
                  "The display bounds are unknown.");
 
     // Compute orientedDisplaySpace
-    ui::Size orientedSize = outputState.displaySpace.bounds.getSize();
+    ui::Size orientedSize = outputState.displaySpace.getBounds();
     if (orientation == ui::ROTATION_90 || orientation == ui::ROTATION_270) {
         std::swap(orientedSize.width, orientedSize.height);
     }
-    outputState.orientedDisplaySpace.bounds = Rect(orientedSize);
-    outputState.orientedDisplaySpace.content = orientedDisplaySpaceRect;
+    outputState.orientedDisplaySpace.setBounds(orientedSize);
+    outputState.orientedDisplaySpace.setContent(orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
 
     // Compute displaySpace.content
     const uint32_t transformOrientationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(orientation);
     ui::Transform rotation;
     if (transformOrientationFlags != ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID) {
-        const auto displaySize = outputState.displaySpace.bounds;
+        const auto displaySize = outputState.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect();
         rotation.set(transformOrientationFlags, displaySize.width(), displaySize.height());
     }
-    outputState.displaySpace.content = rotation.transform(orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
+    outputState.displaySpace.setContent(rotation.transform(orientedDisplaySpaceRect));
 
     // Compute framebufferSpace
-    outputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = orientation;
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(outputState.framebufferSpace.bounds == Rect::INVALID_RECT,
+    outputState.framebufferSpace.setOrientation(orientation);
+    LOG_FATAL_IF(outputState.framebufferSpace.getBoundsAsRect() == Rect::INVALID_RECT,
                  "The framebuffer bounds are unknown.");
-    const auto scale =
-            getScale(outputState.displaySpace.bounds, outputState.framebufferSpace.bounds);
-    outputState.framebufferSpace.content = outputState.displaySpace.content.scale(scale.x, scale.y);
+    const auto scale = getScale(outputState.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect(),
+                                outputState.framebufferSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
+    outputState.framebufferSpace.setContent(
+            outputState.displaySpace.getContent().scale(scale.x, scale.y));
 
     // Compute layerStackSpace
-    outputState.layerStackSpace.content = layerStackSpaceRect;
-    outputState.layerStackSpace.bounds = layerStackSpaceRect;
+    outputState.layerStackSpace.setContent(layerStackSpaceRect);
+    outputState.layerStackSpace.setBounds(
+            ui::Size(layerStackSpaceRect.getWidth(), layerStackSpaceRect.getHeight()));
 
     outputState.transform = outputState.layerStackSpace.getTransform(outputState.displaySpace);
     outputState.needsFiltering = outputState.transform.needsBilinearFiltering();
@@ -200,21 +203,21 @@
     auto& state = editState();
 
     // Update framebuffer space
-    const Rect newBounds(size);
-    state.framebufferSpace.bounds = newBounds;
+    const ui::Size newBounds(size);
+    state.framebufferSpace.setBounds(newBounds);
 
     // Update display space
-    state.displaySpace.bounds = newBounds;
+    state.displaySpace.setBounds(newBounds);
     state.transform = state.layerStackSpace.getTransform(state.displaySpace);
 
     // Update oriented display space
-    const auto orientation = state.displaySpace.orientation;
+    const auto orientation = state.displaySpace.getOrientation();
     ui::Size orientedSize = size;
     if (orientation == ui::ROTATION_90 || orientation == ui::ROTATION_270) {
         std::swap(orientedSize.width, orientedSize.height);
     }
-    const Rect newOrientedBounds(orientedSize);
-    state.orientedDisplaySpace.bounds = newOrientedBounds;
+    const ui::Size newOrientedBounds(orientedSize);
+    state.orientedDisplaySpace.setBounds(newOrientedBounds);
 
     if (mPlanner) {
         mPlanner->setDisplaySize(size);
@@ -227,11 +230,8 @@
     return static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(getState().transform.getOrientation());
 }
 
-void Output::setLayerStackFilter(uint32_t layerStackId, bool isInternal) {
-    auto& outputState = editState();
-    outputState.layerStackId = layerStackId;
-    outputState.layerStackInternal = isInternal;
-
+void Output::setLayerFilter(ui::LayerFilter filter) {
+    editState().layerFilter = filter;
     dirtyEntireOutput();
 }
 
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@
 void Output::setRenderSurface(std::unique_ptr<compositionengine::RenderSurface> surface) {
     mRenderSurface = std::move(surface);
     const auto size = mRenderSurface->getSize();
-    editState().framebufferSpace.bounds = Rect(size);
+    editState().framebufferSpace.setBounds(size);
     if (mPlanner) {
         mPlanner->setDisplaySize(size);
     }
@@ -371,26 +371,18 @@
     mRenderSurface = std::move(surface);
 }
 
-Region Output::getDirtyRegion(bool repaintEverything) const {
+Region Output::getDirtyRegion() const {
     const auto& outputState = getState();
-    Region dirty(outputState.layerStackSpace.content);
-    if (!repaintEverything) {
-        dirty.andSelf(outputState.dirtyRegion);
-    }
-    return dirty;
+    return outputState.dirtyRegion.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent());
 }
 
-bool Output::belongsInOutput(std::optional<uint32_t> layerStackId, bool internalOnly) const {
-    // The layerStackId's must match, and also the layer must not be internal
-    // only when not on an internal output.
-    const auto& outputState = getState();
-    return layerStackId && (*layerStackId == outputState.layerStackId) &&
-            (!internalOnly || outputState.layerStackInternal);
+bool Output::includesLayer(ui::LayerFilter filter) const {
+    return getState().layerFilter.includes(filter);
 }
 
-bool Output::belongsInOutput(const sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>& layerFE) const {
+bool Output::includesLayer(const sp<LayerFE>& layerFE) const {
     const auto* layerFEState = layerFE->getCompositionState();
-    return layerFEState && belongsInOutput(layerFEState->layerStackId, layerFEState->internalOnly);
+    return layerFEState && includesLayer(layerFEState->outputFilter);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<compositionengine::OutputLayer> Output::createOutputLayer(
@@ -461,7 +453,7 @@
 
     // Compute the resulting coverage for this output, and store it for later
     const ui::Transform& tr = outputState.transform;
-    Region undefinedRegion{outputState.displaySpace.bounds};
+    Region undefinedRegion{outputState.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect()};
     undefinedRegion.subtractSelf(tr.transform(coverage.aboveOpaqueLayers));
 
     outputState.undefinedRegion = undefinedRegion;
@@ -496,8 +488,8 @@
         layerFE->prepareCompositionState(compositionengine::LayerFE::StateSubset::BasicGeometry);
     }
 
-    // Only consider the layers on the given layer stack
-    if (!belongsInOutput(layerFE)) {
+    // Only consider the layers on this output
+    if (!includesLayer(layerFE)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -658,7 +650,7 @@
     // TODO(b/121291683): Why does this not use visibleRegion? (see outputSpaceVisibleRegion below)
     const auto& outputState = getState();
     Region drawRegion(outputState.transform.transform(visibleNonTransparentRegion));
-    drawRegion.andSelf(outputState.displaySpace.bounds);
+    drawRegion.andSelf(outputState.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
     if (drawRegion.isEmpty()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -676,7 +668,7 @@
     outputLayerState.visibleNonTransparentRegion = visibleNonTransparentRegion;
     outputLayerState.coveredRegion = coveredRegion;
     outputLayerState.outputSpaceVisibleRegion = outputState.transform.transform(
-            visibleNonShadowRegion.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.content));
+            visibleNonShadowRegion.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent()));
     outputLayerState.shadowRegion = shadowRegion;
 }
 
@@ -911,7 +903,7 @@
 
 void Output::beginFrame() {
     auto& outputState = editState();
-    const bool dirty = !getDirtyRegion(false).isEmpty();
+    const bool dirty = !getDirtyRegion().isEmpty();
     const bool empty = getOutputLayerCount() == 0;
     const bool wasEmpty = !outputState.lastCompositionHadVisibleLayers;
 
@@ -963,14 +955,9 @@
     }
 
     if (getState().isEnabled) {
-        // transform the dirty region into this screen's coordinate space
-        const Region dirtyRegion = getDirtyRegion(refreshArgs.repaintEverything);
-        if (!dirtyRegion.isEmpty()) {
-            base::unique_fd readyFence;
-            // redraw the whole screen
+        if (const auto dirtyRegion = getDirtyRegion(); !dirtyRegion.isEmpty()) {
             static_cast<void>(composeSurfaces(dirtyRegion, refreshArgs));
-
-            mRenderSurface->queueBuffer(std::move(readyFence));
+            mRenderSurface->queueBuffer(base::unique_fd());
         }
     }
 
@@ -1049,19 +1036,18 @@
         }
     }
 
-    base::unique_fd readyFence;
     if (!hasClientComposition) {
         setExpensiveRenderingExpected(false);
-        return readyFence;
+        return base::unique_fd();
     }
 
     ALOGV("hasClientComposition");
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings clientCompositionDisplay;
-    clientCompositionDisplay.physicalDisplay = outputState.framebufferSpace.content;
-    clientCompositionDisplay.clip = outputState.layerStackSpace.content;
+    clientCompositionDisplay.physicalDisplay = outputState.framebufferSpace.getContent();
+    clientCompositionDisplay.clip = outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent();
     clientCompositionDisplay.orientation =
-            ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(outputState.displaySpace.orientation);
+            ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(outputState.displaySpace.getOrientation());
     clientCompositionDisplay.outputDataspace = mDisplayColorProfile->hasWideColorGamut()
             ? outputState.dataspace
             : ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
@@ -1078,14 +1064,12 @@
         clientCompositionDisplay.colorTransform = outputState.colorTransformMatrix;
     }
 
-    // Note: Updated by generateClientCompositionRequests
-    clientCompositionDisplay.clearRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
-
     // Generate the client composition requests for the layers on this output.
+    std::vector<LayerFE*> clientCompositionLayersFE;
     std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> clientCompositionLayers =
             generateClientCompositionRequests(supportsProtectedContent,
-                                              clientCompositionDisplay.clearRegion,
-                                              clientCompositionDisplay.outputDataspace);
+                                              clientCompositionDisplay.outputDataspace,
+                                              clientCompositionLayersFE);
     appendRegionFlashRequests(debugRegion, clientCompositionLayers);
 
     // Check if the client composition requests were rendered into the provided graphic buffer. If
@@ -1096,7 +1080,7 @@
                                                    clientCompositionLayers)) {
             outputCompositionState.reusedClientComposition = true;
             setExpensiveRenderingExpected(false);
-            return readyFence;
+            return base::unique_fd();
         }
         mClientCompositionRequestCache->add(tex->getBuffer()->getId(), clientCompositionDisplay,
                                             clientCompositionLayers);
@@ -1114,12 +1098,12 @@
         setExpensiveRenderingExpected(true);
     }
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> clientCompositionLayerPointers;
-    clientCompositionLayerPointers.reserve(clientCompositionLayers.size());
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> clientRenderEngineLayers;
+    clientRenderEngineLayers.reserve(clientCompositionLayers.size());
     std::transform(clientCompositionLayers.begin(), clientCompositionLayers.end(),
-                   std::back_inserter(clientCompositionLayerPointers),
-                   [](LayerFE::LayerSettings& settings) -> renderengine::LayerSettings* {
-                       return &settings;
+                   std::back_inserter(clientRenderEngineLayers),
+                   [](LayerFE::LayerSettings& settings) -> renderengine::LayerSettings {
+                       return settings;
                    });
 
     const nsecs_t renderEngineStart = systemTime();
@@ -1129,10 +1113,12 @@
     // bounds its framebuffer cache but Skia RenderEngine has no current policy. The best fix is
     // probably to encapsulate the output buffer into a structure that dispatches resource cleanup
     // over to RenderEngine, in which case this flag can be removed from the drawLayers interface.
-    const bool useFramebufferCache = outputState.layerStackInternal;
-    status_t status =
-            renderEngine.drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, tex,
-                                    useFramebufferCache, std::move(fd), &readyFence);
+    const bool useFramebufferCache = outputState.layerFilter.toInternalDisplay;
+    auto [status, drawFence] =
+            renderEngine
+                    .drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientRenderEngineLayers, tex,
+                                useFramebufferCache, std::move(fd))
+                    .get();
 
     if (status != NO_ERROR && mClientCompositionRequestCache) {
         // If rendering was not successful, remove the request from the cache.
@@ -1140,27 +1126,32 @@
     }
 
     auto& timeStats = getCompositionEngine().getTimeStats();
-    if (readyFence.get() < 0) {
+    if (drawFence.get() < 0) {
         timeStats.recordRenderEngineDuration(renderEngineStart, systemTime());
     } else {
         timeStats.recordRenderEngineDuration(renderEngineStart,
                                              std::make_shared<FenceTime>(
-                                                     new Fence(dup(readyFence.get()))));
+                                                     new Fence(dup(drawFence.get()))));
     }
 
-    return readyFence;
+    if (clientCompositionLayersFE.size() > 0) {
+        sp<Fence> clientCompFence = new Fence(dup(drawFence.get()));
+        for (auto clientComposedLayer : clientCompositionLayersFE) {
+            clientComposedLayer->setWasClientComposed(clientCompFence);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return std::move(drawFence);
 }
 
 std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> Output::generateClientCompositionRequests(
-        bool supportsProtectedContent, Region& clearRegion, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace) {
+      bool supportsProtectedContent, ui::Dataspace outputDataspace, std::vector<LayerFE*>& outLayerFEs) {
     std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> clientCompositionLayers;
     ALOGV("Rendering client layers");
 
     const auto& outputState = getState();
-    const Region viewportRegion(outputState.layerStackSpace.content);
+    const Region viewportRegion(outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent());
     bool firstLayer = true;
-    // Used when a layer clears part of the buffer.
-    Region stubRegion;
 
     bool disableBlurs = false;
     sp<GraphicBuffer> previousOverrideBuffer = nullptr;
@@ -1222,8 +1213,7 @@
                                                outputState.needsFiltering,
                                        .isSecure = outputState.isSecure,
                                        .supportsProtectedContent = supportsProtectedContent,
-                                       .clearRegion = clientComposition ? clearRegion : stubRegion,
-                                       .viewport = outputState.layerStackSpace.content,
+                                       .viewport = outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(),
                                        .dataspace = outputDataspace,
                                        .realContentIsVisible = realContentIsVisible,
                                        .clearContent = !clientComposition,
@@ -1234,6 +1224,7 @@
                 }
             }
 
+            outLayerFEs.push_back(&layerFE);
             clientCompositionLayers.insert(clientCompositionLayers.end(),
                                            std::make_move_iterator(results.begin()),
                                            std::make_move_iterator(results.end()));
@@ -1305,8 +1296,10 @@
             releaseFence =
                     Fence::merge("LayerRelease", releaseFence, frame.clientTargetAcquireFence);
         }
-
-        layer->getLayerFE().onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
+        layer->getLayerFE().onLayerDisplayed(
+                ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                        {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd(releaseFence->dup())})
+                        .share());
     }
 
     // We've got a list of layers needing fences, that are disjoint with
@@ -1314,7 +1307,9 @@
     // supply them with the present fence.
     for (auto& weakLayer : mReleasedLayers) {
         if (auto layer = weakLayer.promote(); layer != nullptr) {
-            layer->onLayerDisplayed(frame.presentFence);
+            layer->onLayerDisplayed(ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                                            {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd(frame.presentFence->dup())})
+                                            .share());
         }
     }
 
@@ -1324,13 +1319,13 @@
 
 void Output::renderCachedSets(const CompositionRefreshArgs& refreshArgs) {
     if (mPlanner) {
-        mPlanner->renderCachedSets(getState(), refreshArgs.nextInvalidateTime);
+        mPlanner->renderCachedSets(getState(), refreshArgs.scheduledFrameTime);
     }
 }
 
 void Output::dirtyEntireOutput() {
     auto& outputState = editState();
-    outputState.dirtyRegion.set(outputState.displaySpace.bounds);
+    outputState.dirtyRegion.set(outputState.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 }
 
 void Output::chooseCompositionStrategy() {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputCompositionState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputCompositionState.cpp
index ee30ad8..acc9216 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputCompositionState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputCompositionState.cpp
@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@
     dumpVal(out, "usesDeviceComposition", usesDeviceComposition);
     dumpVal(out, "flipClientTarget", flipClientTarget);
     dumpVal(out, "reusedClientComposition", reusedClientComposition);
-
-    dumpVal(out, "layerStack", layerStackId);
-    dumpVal(out, "layerStackInternal", layerStackInternal);
+    dumpVal(out, "layerFilter", layerFilter);
 
     out.append("\n   ");
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
index 56e9d27..cf76183 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
     FloatRect activeCropFloat =
             reduce(layerState.geomLayerBounds, layerState.transparentRegionHint);
 
-    const Rect& viewport = getOutput().getState().layerStackSpace.content;
+    const Rect& viewport = getOutput().getState().layerStackSpace.getContent();
     const ui::Transform& layerTransform = layerState.geomLayerTransform;
     const ui::Transform& inverseLayerTransform = layerState.geomInverseLayerTransform;
     // Transform to screen space.
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
          * buffer
          */
         uint32_t invTransformOrient =
-                ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(outputState.displaySpace.orientation);
+                ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(outputState.displaySpace.getOrientation());
         // calculate the inverse transform
         if (invTransformOrient & HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90) {
             invTransformOrient ^= HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V | HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H;
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
     Rect activeCrop = layerState.geomCrop;
     if (!activeCrop.isEmpty() && bufferSize.isValid()) {
         activeCrop = layerTransform.transform(activeCrop);
-        if (!activeCrop.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.content, &activeCrop)) {
+        if (!activeCrop.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), &activeCrop)) {
             activeCrop.clear();
         }
         activeCrop = inverseLayerTransform.transform(activeCrop, true);
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
         geomLayerBounds.bottom += outset;
     }
     Rect frame{layerTransform.transform(reduce(geomLayerBounds, activeTransparentRegion))};
-    if (!frame.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.content, &frame)) {
+    if (!frame.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), &frame)) {
         frame.clear();
     }
     const ui::Transform displayTransform{outputState.transform};
@@ -347,6 +347,10 @@
 
     auto requestedCompositionType = outputIndependentState->compositionType;
 
+    if (requestedCompositionType == hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR && state.overrideInfo.buffer) {
+        requestedCompositionType = hal::Composition::DEVICE;
+    }
+
     // TODO(b/181172795): We now update geometry for all flattened layers. We should update it
     // only when the geometry actually changes
     const bool isOverridden =
@@ -359,13 +363,15 @@
     }
 
     writeOutputDependentPerFrameStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get());
-    writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState, skipLayer);
+    writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState,
+                                             requestedCompositionType, skipLayer);
 
     writeCompositionTypeToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), requestedCompositionType, isPeekingThrough,
                               skipLayer);
 
-    // Always set the layer color after setting the composition type.
-    writeSolidColorStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState);
+    if (requestedCompositionType == hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR) {
+        writeSolidColorStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState);
+    }
 
     editState().hwc->stateOverridden = isOverridden;
     editState().hwc->layerSkipped = skipLayer;
@@ -381,12 +387,7 @@
 
     if (outputDependentState.overrideInfo.buffer != nullptr) {
         displayFrame = outputDependentState.overrideInfo.displayFrame;
-        sourceCrop =
-                FloatRect(0.f, 0.f,
-                          static_cast<float>(outputDependentState.overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer()
-                                                     ->getWidth()),
-                          static_cast<float>(outputDependentState.overrideInfo.buffer->getBuffer()
-                                                     ->getHeight()));
+        sourceCrop = displayFrame.toFloatRect();
     }
 
     ALOGV("Writing display frame [%d, %d, %d, %d]", displayFrame.left, displayFrame.top,
@@ -482,7 +483,7 @@
 
 void OutputLayer::writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(
         HWC2::Layer* hwcLayer, const LayerFECompositionState& outputIndependentState,
-        bool skipLayer) {
+        hal::Composition compositionType, bool skipLayer) {
     switch (auto error = hwcLayer->setColorTransform(outputIndependentState.colorTransform)) {
         case hal::Error::NONE:
             break;
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@
     }
 
     // Content-specific per-frame state
-    switch (outputIndependentState.compositionType) {
+    switch (compositionType) {
         case hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR:
             // For compatibility, should be written AFTER the composition type.
             break;
@@ -526,10 +527,6 @@
 
 void OutputLayer::writeSolidColorStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer* hwcLayer,
                                             const LayerFECompositionState& outputIndependentState) {
-    if (outputIndependentState.compositionType != hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR) {
-        return;
-    }
-
     hal::Color color = {static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * outputIndependentState.color.r)),
                         static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * outputIndependentState.color.g)),
                         static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * outputIndependentState.color.b)),
@@ -628,7 +625,7 @@
     const auto& outputState = getOutput().getState();
 
     Rect frame = layerFEState->cursorFrame;
-    frame.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.content, &frame);
+    frame.intersect(outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), &frame);
     Rect position = outputState.transform.transform(frame);
 
     if (auto error = hwcLayer->setCursorPosition(position.left, position.top);
@@ -737,7 +734,7 @@
     // framebuffer space of the override buffer to layer space.
     const ProjectionSpace& layerSpace = getOutput().getState().layerStackSpace;
     const ui::Transform transform = getState().overrideInfo.displaySpace.getTransform(layerSpace);
-    const Rect boundaries = transform.transform(getState().overrideInfo.displayFrame);
+    const Rect boundaries = transform.transform(getState().overrideInfo.displaySpace.getContent());
 
     LayerFE::LayerSettings settings;
     settings.geometry = renderengine::Geometry{
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
index ef50870..a19d23f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/RenderSurface.cpp
@@ -127,19 +127,18 @@
 }
 
 void RenderSurface::prepareFrame(bool usesClientComposition, bool usesDeviceComposition) {
-    DisplaySurface::CompositionType compositionType;
-    if (usesClientComposition && usesDeviceComposition) {
-        compositionType = DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_MIXED;
-    } else if (usesClientComposition) {
-        compositionType = DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_GPU;
-    } else if (usesDeviceComposition) {
-        compositionType = DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_HWC;
-    } else {
+    const auto compositionType = [=] {
+        using CompositionType = DisplaySurface::CompositionType;
+
+        if (usesClientComposition && usesDeviceComposition) return CompositionType::Mixed;
+        if (usesClientComposition) return CompositionType::Gpu;
+        if (usesDeviceComposition) return CompositionType::Hwc;
+
         // Nothing to do -- when turning the screen off we get a frame like
         // this. Call it a HWC frame since we won't be doing any GPU work but
         // will do a prepare/set cycle.
-        compositionType = DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_HWC;
-    }
+        return CompositionType::Hwc;
+    }();
 
     if (status_t result = mDisplaySurface->prepareFrame(compositionType); result != NO_ERROR) {
         ALOGE("updateCompositionType failed for %s: %d (%s)", mDisplay.getName().c_str(), result,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
index c1cd5ab..ff96d94 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/CachedSet.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <math/HashCombine.h>
 #include <renderengine/DisplaySettings.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
+#include <ui/DebugUtils.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
@@ -159,25 +160,23 @@
 void CachedSet::render(renderengine::RenderEngine& renderEngine, TexturePool& texturePool,
                        const OutputCompositionState& outputState) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    const Rect& viewport = outputState.layerStackSpace.content;
+    const Rect& viewport = outputState.layerStackSpace.getContent();
     const ui::Dataspace& outputDataspace = outputState.dataspace;
     const ui::Transform::RotationFlags orientation =
-            ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(outputState.framebufferSpace.orientation);
+            ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(outputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation());
 
     renderengine::DisplaySettings displaySettings{
-            .physicalDisplay = outputState.framebufferSpace.content,
+            .physicalDisplay = outputState.framebufferSpace.getContent(),
             .clip = viewport,
             .outputDataspace = outputDataspace,
             .orientation = orientation,
     };
 
-    Region clearRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
     LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings targetSettings{
             .clip = Region(viewport),
             .needsFiltering = false,
             .isSecure = outputState.isSecure,
             .supportsProtectedContent = false,
-            .clearRegion = clearRegion,
             .viewport = viewport,
             .dataspace = outputDataspace,
             .realContentIsVisible = true,
@@ -195,11 +194,6 @@
                              clientCompositionList.cend());
     }
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layerSettingsPointers;
-    std::transform(layerSettings.cbegin(), layerSettings.cend(),
-                   std::back_inserter(layerSettingsPointers),
-                   [](const renderengine::LayerSettings& settings) { return &settings; });
-
     renderengine::LayerSettings blurLayerSettings;
     if (mBlurLayer) {
         auto blurSettings = targetSettings;
@@ -214,7 +208,7 @@
         blurLayerSettings.name = std::string("blur layer");
         // Clear out the shadow settings
         blurLayerSettings.shadow = {};
-        layerSettingsPointers.push_back(&blurLayerSettings);
+        layerSettings.push_back(blurLayerSettings);
     }
 
     renderengine::LayerSettings holePunchSettings;
@@ -232,7 +226,7 @@
         holePunchSettings.disableBlending = true;
         holePunchSettings.alpha = 0.0f;
         holePunchSettings.name = std::string("hole punch layer");
-        layerSettingsPointers.push_back(&holePunchSettings);
+        layerSettings.push_back(holePunchSettings);
 
         // Add a solid background as the first layer in case there is no opaque
         // buffer behind the punch hole
@@ -241,7 +235,7 @@
         holePunchBackgroundSettings.geometry.boundaries = holePunchSettings.geometry.boundaries;
         holePunchBackgroundSettings.geometry.positionTransform =
                 holePunchSettings.geometry.positionTransform;
-        layerSettingsPointers.insert(layerSettingsPointers.begin(), &holePunchBackgroundSettings);
+        layerSettings.emplace(layerSettings.begin(), holePunchBackgroundSettings);
     }
 
     if (sDebugHighlighLayers) {
@@ -259,7 +253,7 @@
                 .alpha = half(0.05f),
         };
 
-        layerSettingsPointers.emplace_back(&highlight);
+        layerSettings.emplace_back(highlight);
     }
 
     auto texture = texturePool.borrowTexture();
@@ -274,17 +268,17 @@
         bufferFence.reset(texture->getReadyFence()->dup());
     }
 
-    base::unique_fd drawFence;
-    status_t result =
-            renderEngine.drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettingsPointers, texture->get(), false,
-                                    std::move(bufferFence), &drawFence);
+    auto [status, drawFence] = renderEngine
+                                       .drawLayers(displaySettings, layerSettings, texture->get(),
+                                                   false, std::move(bufferFence))
+                                       .get();
 
-    if (result == NO_ERROR) {
+    if (status == NO_ERROR) {
         mDrawFence = new Fence(drawFence.release());
         mOutputSpace = outputState.framebufferSpace;
         mTexture = texture;
         mTexture->setReadyFence(mDrawFence);
-        mOutputSpace.orientation = outputState.framebufferSpace.orientation;
+        mOutputSpace.setOrientation(outputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation());
         mOutputDataspace = outputDataspace;
         mOrientation = orientation;
         mSkipCount = 0;
@@ -398,20 +392,29 @@
 
     if (mLayers.size() == 1) {
         base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Layer [%s]\n", mLayers[0].getName().c_str());
-        base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Buffer %p", mLayers[0].getBuffer().get());
-        base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Protected [%s]",
+        if (auto* buffer = mLayers[0].getBuffer().get()) {
+            base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Buffer %p", buffer);
+            base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Format %s",
+                                decodePixelFormat(buffer->getPixelFormat()).c_str());
+        }
+        base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Protected [%s]\n",
                             mLayers[0].getState()->isProtected() ? "true" : "false");
     } else {
-        result.append("    Cached set of:");
+        result.append("    Cached set of:\n");
         for (const Layer& layer : mLayers) {
-            base::StringAppendF(&result, "\n      Layer [%s]", layer.getName().c_str());
-            base::StringAppendF(&result, "\n      Protected [%s]",
+            base::StringAppendF(&result, "      Layer [%s]\n", layer.getName().c_str());
+            if (auto* buffer = layer.getBuffer().get()) {
+                base::StringAppendF(&result, "       Buffer %p", buffer);
+                base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Format[%s]",
+                                    decodePixelFormat(buffer->getPixelFormat()).c_str());
+            }
+            base::StringAppendF(&result, "       Protected [%s]\n",
                                 layer.getState()->isProtected() ? "true" : "false");
         }
     }
 
-    base::StringAppendF(&result, "\n    Creation cost: %zd", getCreationCost());
-    base::StringAppendF(&result, "\n    Display cost: %zd\n", getDisplayCost());
+    base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Creation cost: %zd\n", getCreationCost());
+    base::StringAppendF(&result, "    Display cost: %zd\n", getDisplayCost());
 }
 
 } // namespace android::compositionengine::impl::planner
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
index ad5e931..c14effc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
                         state.overrideInfo = {
                                 .buffer = mNewCachedSet->getBuffer(),
                                 .acquireFence = mNewCachedSet->getDrawFence(),
-                                .displayFrame = mNewCachedSet->getTextureBounds(),
+                                .displayFrame = mNewCachedSet->getBounds(),
                                 .dataspace = mNewCachedSet->getOutputDataspace(),
                                 .displaySpace = mNewCachedSet->getOutputSpace(),
                                 .damageRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION,
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
                 state.overrideInfo = {
                         .buffer = currentLayerIter->getBuffer(),
                         .acquireFence = currentLayerIter->getDrawFence(),
-                        .displayFrame = currentLayerIter->getTextureBounds(),
+                        .displayFrame = currentLayerIter->getBounds(),
                         .dataspace = currentLayerIter->getOutputDataspace(),
                         .displaySpace = currentLayerIter->getOutputSpace(),
                         .damageRegion = Region(),
@@ -409,25 +409,29 @@
     bool runHasFirstLayer = false;
 
     for (auto currentSet = mLayers.cbegin(); currentSet != mLayers.cend(); ++currentSet) {
-        const bool layerIsInactive =
-                now - currentSet->getLastUpdate() > mTunables.mActiveLayerTimeout;
+        bool layerIsInactive = now - currentSet->getLastUpdate() > mTunables.mActiveLayerTimeout;
         const bool layerHasBlur = currentSet->hasBlurBehind();
 
+        // Layers should also be considered inactive whenever their framerate is lower than 1fps.
+        if (!layerIsInactive && currentSet->getLayerCount() == kNumLayersFpsConsideration) {
+            auto layerFps = currentSet->getFirstLayer().getState()->getFps();
+            if (layerFps > 0 && layerFps <= kFpsActiveThreshold) {
+                ATRACE_FORMAT("layer is considered inactive due to low FPS [%s] %f",
+                              currentSet->getFirstLayer().getName().c_str(), layerFps);
+                layerIsInactive = true;
+            }
+        }
+
         if (layerIsInactive && (firstLayer || runHasFirstLayer || !layerHasBlur) &&
             !currentSet->hasUnsupportedDataspace()) {
             if (isPartOfRun) {
-                builder.append(currentSet->getLayerCount());
+                builder.increment();
             } else {
-                // Runs can't start with a non-buffer layer
-                if (currentSet->getFirstLayer().getBuffer() == nullptr) {
-                    ALOGV("[%s] Skipping initial non-buffer layer", __func__);
-                } else {
-                    builder.init(currentSet);
-                    if (firstLayer) {
-                        runHasFirstLayer = true;
-                    }
-                    isPartOfRun = true;
+                builder.init(currentSet);
+                if (firstLayer) {
+                    runHasFirstLayer = true;
                 }
+                isPartOfRun = true;
             }
         } else if (isPartOfRun) {
             builder.setHolePunchCandidate(&(*currentSet));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/LayerState.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/LayerState.cpp
index 936dba3..2532e3d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/LayerState.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/LayerState.cpp
@@ -93,11 +93,7 @@
 
 void LayerState::dump(std::string& result) const {
     for (const StateInterface* field : getNonUniqueFields()) {
-        if (auto viewOpt = flag_name(field->getField()); viewOpt) {
-            base::StringAppendF(&result, "  %16s: ", std::string(*viewOpt).c_str());
-        } else {
-            result.append("<UNKNOWN FIELD>:\n");
-        }
+        base::StringAppendF(&result, "  %16s: ", ftl::flag_string(field->getField()).c_str());
 
         bool first = true;
         for (const std::string& line : field->toStrings()) {
@@ -126,11 +122,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (auto viewOpt = flag_name(thisField->getField()); viewOpt) {
-            base::StringAppendF(&result, "  %16s: ", std::string(*viewOpt).c_str());
-        } else {
-            result.append("<UNKNOWN FIELD>:\n");
-        }
+        base::StringAppendF(&result, "  %16s: ", ftl::flag_string(thisField->getField()).c_str());
 
         const auto& thisStrings = thisField->toStrings();
         const auto& otherStrings = otherField->toStrings();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp
index c037cc6..ed235b8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/DisplayTest.cpp
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@
 constexpr HalVirtualDisplayId HAL_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID{456u};
 constexpr GpuVirtualDisplayId GPU_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID{789u};
 
-const ui::Size DEFAULT_RESOLUTION{1920, 1080};
-constexpr uint32_t DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK = 42;
+constexpr ui::Size DEFAULT_RESOLUTION{1920, 1080};
 
 struct Layer {
     Layer() {
@@ -161,13 +160,11 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     }
 
-    DisplayCreationArgs getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalHWCDisplay() {
+    DisplayCreationArgs getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalDisplay() {
         return DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
                 .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
-                .setConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal)
                 .setPixels(DEFAULT_RESOLUTION)
                 .setIsSecure(true)
-                .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                 .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
                 .build();
     }
@@ -177,7 +174,6 @@
                 .setId(GPU_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID)
                 .setPixels(DEFAULT_RESOLUTION)
                 .setIsSecure(false)
-                .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                 .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
                 .build();
     }
@@ -193,14 +189,13 @@
     using Display = DisplayTestCommon::PartialMockDisplay;
     std::shared_ptr<Display> mDisplay =
             createPartialMockDisplay<Display>(mCompositionEngine,
-                                              getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalHWCDisplay());
+                                              getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalDisplay());
 };
 
 struct FullDisplayImplTestCommon : public DisplayTestCommon {
     using Display = DisplayTestCommon::FullImplDisplay;
     std::shared_ptr<Display> mDisplay =
-            createDisplay<Display>(mCompositionEngine,
-                                   getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalHWCDisplay());
+            createDisplay<Display>(mCompositionEngine, getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalDisplay());
 };
 
 struct DisplayWithLayersTestCommon : public FullDisplayImplTestCommon {
@@ -218,8 +213,7 @@
     LayerNoHWC2Layer mLayer3;
     StrictMock<HWC2::mock::Layer> hwc2LayerUnknown;
     std::shared_ptr<Display> mDisplay =
-            createDisplay<Display>(mCompositionEngine,
-                                   getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalHWCDisplay());
+            createDisplay<Display>(mCompositionEngine, getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalDisplay());
 };
 
 /*
@@ -232,7 +226,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(DisplayCreationTest, createPhysicalInternalDisplay) {
     auto display =
-            impl::createDisplay(mCompositionEngine, getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalHWCDisplay());
+            impl::createDisplay(mCompositionEngine, getDisplayCreationArgsForPhysicalDisplay());
     EXPECT_TRUE(display->isSecure());
     EXPECT_FALSE(display->isVirtual());
     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, display->getId());
@@ -252,13 +246,11 @@
 
 using DisplaySetConfigurationTest = PartialMockDisplayTestCommon;
 
-TEST_F(DisplaySetConfigurationTest, configuresInternalSecurePhysicalDisplay) {
+TEST_F(DisplaySetConfigurationTest, configuresPhysicalDisplay) {
     mDisplay->setConfiguration(DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
                                        .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
-                                       .setConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal)
                                        .setPixels(DEFAULT_RESOLUTION)
                                        .setIsSecure(true)
-                                       .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                                        .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
                                        .setName(getDisplayNameFromCurrentTest())
                                        .build());
@@ -266,28 +258,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, mDisplay->getId());
     EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->isSecure());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isVirtual());
-    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK, mDisplay->getState().layerStackId);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->getState().layerStackInternal);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isValid());
-}
 
-TEST_F(DisplaySetConfigurationTest, configuresExternalInsecurePhysicalDisplay) {
-    mDisplay->setConfiguration(DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
-                                       .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
-                                       .setConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType::External)
-                                       .setPixels(DEFAULT_RESOLUTION)
-                                       .setIsSecure(false)
-                                       .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
-                                       .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
-                                       .setName(getDisplayNameFromCurrentTest())
-                                       .build());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, mDisplay->getId());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isSecure());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isVirtual());
-    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK, mDisplay->getState().layerStackId);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->getState().layerStackInternal);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isValid());
+    const auto& filter = mDisplay->getState().layerFilter;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK, filter.layerStack);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(filter.toInternalDisplay);
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplaySetConfigurationTest, configuresHalVirtualDisplay) {
@@ -295,7 +270,6 @@
                                        .setId(HAL_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID)
                                        .setPixels(DEFAULT_RESOLUTION)
                                        .setIsSecure(false)
-                                       .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                                        .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
                                        .setName(getDisplayNameFromCurrentTest())
                                        .build());
@@ -303,9 +277,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(HAL_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID, mDisplay->getId());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isSecure());
     EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->isVirtual());
-    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK, mDisplay->getState().layerStackId);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->getState().layerStackInternal);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isValid());
+
+    const auto& filter = mDisplay->getState().layerFilter;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK, filter.layerStack);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(filter.toInternalDisplay);
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplaySetConfigurationTest, configuresGpuVirtualDisplay) {
@@ -313,7 +289,6 @@
                                        .setId(GPU_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID)
                                        .setPixels(DEFAULT_RESOLUTION)
                                        .setIsSecure(false)
-                                       .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                                        .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
                                        .setName(getDisplayNameFromCurrentTest())
                                        .build());
@@ -321,9 +296,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(GPU_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_ID, mDisplay->getId());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isSecure());
     EXPECT_TRUE(mDisplay->isVirtual());
-    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK, mDisplay->getState().layerStackId);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->getState().layerStackInternal);
     EXPECT_FALSE(mDisplay->isValid());
+
+    const auto& filter = mDisplay->getState().layerFilter;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK, filter.layerStack);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(filter.toInternalDisplay);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -899,13 +876,10 @@
 
     mDisplay->editState().isEnabled = true;
     mDisplay->editState().usesClientComposition = false;
-    mDisplay->editState().layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
+    mDisplay->editState().layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 1, 1));
     mDisplay->editState().dirtyRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
 
-    CompositionRefreshArgs refreshArgs;
-    refreshArgs.repaintEverything = false;
-
-    mDisplay->finishFrame(refreshArgs);
+    mDisplay->finishFrame({});
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplayFinishFrameTest, skipsCompositionIfNotDirty) {
@@ -920,13 +894,10 @@
 
     gpuDisplay->editState().isEnabled = true;
     gpuDisplay->editState().usesClientComposition = false;
-    gpuDisplay->editState().layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
+    gpuDisplay->editState().layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 1, 1));
     gpuDisplay->editState().dirtyRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
 
-    CompositionRefreshArgs refreshArgs;
-    refreshArgs.repaintEverything = false;
-
-    gpuDisplay->finishFrame(refreshArgs);
+    gpuDisplay->finishFrame({});
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisplayFinishFrameTest, performsCompositionIfDirty) {
@@ -941,34 +912,9 @@
 
     gpuDisplay->editState().isEnabled = true;
     gpuDisplay->editState().usesClientComposition = false;
-    gpuDisplay->editState().layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
+    gpuDisplay->editState().layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 1, 1));
     gpuDisplay->editState().dirtyRegion = Region(Rect(0, 0, 1, 1));
-
-    CompositionRefreshArgs refreshArgs;
-    refreshArgs.repaintEverything = false;
-
-    gpuDisplay->finishFrame(refreshArgs);
-}
-
-TEST_F(DisplayFinishFrameTest, performsCompositionIfRepaintEverything) {
-    auto args = getDisplayCreationArgsForGpuVirtualDisplay();
-    std::shared_ptr<impl::Display> gpuDisplay = impl::createDisplay(mCompositionEngine, args);
-
-    mock::RenderSurface* renderSurface = new StrictMock<mock::RenderSurface>();
-    gpuDisplay->setRenderSurfaceForTest(std::unique_ptr<RenderSurface>(renderSurface));
-
-    // We expect a single call to queueBuffer when composition is not skipped.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*renderSurface, queueBuffer(_)).Times(1);
-
-    gpuDisplay->editState().isEnabled = true;
-    gpuDisplay->editState().usesClientComposition = false;
-    gpuDisplay->editState().layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
-    gpuDisplay->editState().dirtyRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
-
-    CompositionRefreshArgs refreshArgs;
-    refreshArgs.repaintEverything = true;
-
-    gpuDisplay->finishFrame(refreshArgs);
+    gpuDisplay->finishFrame({});
 }
 
 /*
@@ -998,10 +944,8 @@
             Display>(mCompositionEngine,
                      DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
                              .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
-                             .setConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal)
                              .setPixels(DEFAULT_RESOLUTION)
                              .setIsSecure(true)
-                             .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                              .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
                              .build());
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
index ada5adf..224dad1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockHWComposer.h
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getMaxVirtualDisplayDimension, size_t());
     MOCK_METHOD3(allocateVirtualDisplay, bool(HalVirtualDisplayId, ui::Size, ui::PixelFormat*));
     MOCK_METHOD2(allocatePhysicalDisplay, void(hal::HWDisplayId, PhysicalDisplayId));
+
     MOCK_METHOD1(createLayer, std::shared_ptr<HWC2::Layer>(HalDisplayId));
     MOCK_METHOD5(getDeviceCompositionChanges,
                  status_t(HalDisplayId, bool, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point,
@@ -110,11 +111,15 @@
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getComposer, android::Hwc2::Composer*());
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getHwcDisplayId, std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId>(int32_t));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getInternalHwcDisplayId, std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId>());
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getExternalHwcDisplayId, std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId>());
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(toPhysicalDisplayId, std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId>(hal::HWDisplayId));
-    MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(fromPhysicalDisplayId, std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId>(PhysicalDisplayId));
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(hal::HWDisplayId, getPrimaryHwcDisplayId, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(PhysicalDisplayId, getPrimaryDisplayId, (), (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isHeadless, (), (const, override));
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId>, toPhysicalDisplayId, (hal::HWDisplayId),
+                (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId>, fromPhysicalDisplayId, (PhysicalDisplayId),
+                (const, override));
 };
 
 } // namespace mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
index fc8cb50..db4151b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/MockPowerAdvisor.h
@@ -29,11 +29,21 @@
     PowerAdvisor();
     ~PowerAdvisor() override;
 
-    MOCK_METHOD0(init, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(onBootFinished, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setExpensiveRenderingExpected, void(DisplayId displayId, bool expected));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(isUsingExpensiveRendering, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, void());
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, init, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onBootFinished, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setExpensiveRenderingExpected, (DisplayId displayId, bool expected),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isUsingExpensiveRendering, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, usePowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, supportsPowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPowerHintSessionRunning, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t targetDurationNanos), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setPowerHintSessionThreadIds, (const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, sendActualWorkDuration, (int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, enablePowerHint, (bool enabled), (override));
 };
 
 } // namespace mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
index c8c6012..31b131a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
         mLayerFEState.geomBufferSize = Rect{0, 0, 1920, 1080};
         mLayerFEState.geomBufferTransform = TR_IDENT;
 
-        mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content = Rect{0, 0, 1920, 1080};
+        mOutputState.layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect{0, 0, 1920, 1080});
     }
 
     FloatRect calculateOutputSourceCrop() {
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
 
         mLayerFEState.geomBufferUsesDisplayInverseTransform = entry.bufferInvDisplay;
         mLayerFEState.geomBufferTransform = entry.buffer;
-        mOutputState.displaySpace.orientation = toRotation(entry.display);
+        mOutputState.displaySpace.setOrientation(toRotation(entry.display));
 
         EXPECT_THAT(calculateOutputSourceCrop(), entry.expected) << "entry " << i;
     }
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(OutputLayerSourceCropTest, viewportAffectsCrop) {
-    mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content = Rect{0, 0, 960, 540};
+    mOutputState.layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect{0, 0, 960, 540});
 
     const FloatRect expected{0.f, 0.f, 960.f, 540.f};
     EXPECT_THAT(calculateOutputSourceCrop(), expected);
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
         mLayerFEState.geomCrop = Rect{0, 0, 1920, 1080};
         mLayerFEState.geomLayerBounds = FloatRect{0.f, 0.f, 1920.f, 1080.f};
 
-        mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content = Rect{0, 0, 1920, 1080};
+        mOutputState.layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect{0, 0, 1920, 1080});
         mOutputState.transform = ui::Transform{TR_IDENT};
     }
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(OutputLayerDisplayFrameTest, viewportAffectsFrame) {
-    mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content = Rect{0, 0, 960, 540};
+    mOutputState.layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect{0, 0, 960, 540});
     const Rect expected{0, 0, 960, 540};
     EXPECT_THAT(calculateOutputDisplayFrame(), expected);
 }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@
 
         mLayerFEState.geomLayerTransform.set(entry.layer, 1920, 1080);
         mLayerFEState.geomBufferTransform = entry.buffer;
-        mOutputState.displaySpace.orientation = toRotation(entry.display);
+        mOutputState.displaySpace.setOrientation(toRotation(entry.display));
         mOutputState.transform = ui::Transform{entry.display};
 
         const auto actual = mOutputLayer.calculateOutputRelativeBufferTransform(entry.display);
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@
 
         mLayerFEState.geomLayerTransform.set(entry.layer, 1920, 1080);
         mLayerFEState.geomBufferTransform = entry.buffer;
-        mOutputState.displaySpace.orientation = toRotation(entry.display);
+        mOutputState.displaySpace.setOrientation(toRotation(entry.display));
         mOutputState.transform = ui::Transform{entry.display};
 
         const auto actual = mOutputLayer.calculateOutputRelativeBufferTransform(entry.internal);
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@
                                                    84.f / 255.f};
 const Rect OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kDisplayFrame{1001, 1002, 1003, 10044};
 const Rect OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideDisplayFrame{1002, 1003, 1004, 20044};
-const FloatRect OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideSourceCrop{0.f, 0.f, 4.f, 5.f};
+const FloatRect OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideSourceCrop{1002, 1003, 1004, 20044};
 const Region OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOutputSpaceVisibleRegion{
         Rect{1005, 1006, 1007, 1008}};
 const Region OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest::kOverrideVisibleRegion{Rect{1006, 1007, 1008, 1009}};
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@
     // This test simulates a scenario where displayInstallOrientation is set to
     // ROT_90. This only has an effect on the transform; orientation stays 0 (see
     // DisplayDevice::setProjection).
-    mOutputState.displaySpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
+    mOutputState.displaySpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_0);
     mOutputState.transform = ui::Transform{TR_ROT_90};
     // Buffers are pre-rotated based on the transform hint (ROT_90); their
     // geomBufferTransform is set to the inverse transform.
@@ -1109,6 +1109,22 @@
                                  /*zIsOverridden*/ false, /*isPeekingThrough*/ false);
 }
 
+TEST_F(OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest, includesOverrideInfoForSolidColorIfPresent) {
+    mLayerFEState.compositionType = Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::SOLID_COLOR;
+    includeOverrideInfo();
+
+    expectGeometryCommonCalls(kOverrideDisplayFrame, kOverrideSourceCrop, kOverrideBufferTransform,
+                              kOverrideBlendMode, kOverrideAlpha);
+    expectPerFrameCommonCalls(SimulateUnsupported::None, kOverrideDataspace, kOverrideVisibleRegion,
+                              kOverrideSurfaceDamage);
+    expectSetHdrMetadataAndBufferCalls(kOverrideHwcSlot, kOverrideBuffer, kOverrideFence);
+    expectSetCompositionTypeCall(Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayerFE, hasRoundedCorners()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
+
+    mOutputLayer.writeStateToHWC(/*includeGeometry*/ true, /*skipLayer*/ false, 0,
+                                 /*zIsOverridden*/ false, /*isPeekingThrough*/ false);
+}
+
 TEST_F(OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest, previousOverriddenLayerSendsSurfaceDamage) {
     mLayerFEState.compositionType = Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE;
     mOutputLayer.editState().hwc->stateOverridden = true;
@@ -1237,7 +1253,7 @@
 
         mLayerFEState.cursorFrame = kDefaultCursorFrame;
 
-        mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content = kDefaultDisplayViewport;
+        mOutputState.layerStackSpace.setContent(kDefaultDisplayViewport);
         mOutputState.transform = ui::Transform{kDefaultTransform};
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
index 09f5a5e..cf63ef5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputTest.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/mock/LayerFE.h>
 #include <compositionengine/mock/OutputLayer.h>
 #include <compositionengine/mock/RenderSurface.h>
+#include <ftl/future.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "CallOrderStateMachineHelper.h"
 #include "MockHWC2.h"
 #include "RegionMatcher.h"
+#include "TestUtils.h"
 #include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
 
 namespace android::compositionengine {
@@ -142,7 +144,8 @@
                 std::unique_ptr<DisplayColorProfile>(mDisplayColorProfile));
         mOutput->setRenderSurfaceForTest(std::unique_ptr<RenderSurface>(mRenderSurface));
 
-        mOutput->editState().displaySpace.bounds = kDefaultDisplaySize;
+        mOutput->editState().displaySpace.setBounds(
+                ui::Size(kDefaultDisplaySize.getWidth(), kDefaultDisplaySize.getHeight()));
         EXPECT_CALL(mCompositionEngine, getRenderEngine()).WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(mRenderEngine));
     }
 
@@ -288,8 +291,10 @@
 
 TEST_F(OutputTest, setProjectionWorks) {
     const Rect displayRect{0, 0, 1000, 2000};
-    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.bounds = displayRect;
-    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.bounds = displayRect;
+    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.setBounds(
+            ui::Size(displayRect.getWidth(), displayRect.getHeight()));
+    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.setBounds(
+            ui::Size(displayRect.getWidth(), displayRect.getHeight()));
 
     const ui::Rotation orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
     const Rect frame{50, 60, 100, 100};
@@ -297,28 +302,29 @@
 
     mOutput->setProjection(orientation, viewport, frame);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, mOutput->getState().displaySpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(frame, mOutput->getState().orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, mOutput->getState().layerStackSpace.content);
+    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, mOutput->getState().displaySpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(frame, mOutput->getState().orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, mOutput->getState().layerStackSpace.getContent());
 
     const auto state = mOutput->getState();
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.layerStackSpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, state.layerStackSpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, state.layerStackSpace.bounds);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.layerStackSpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, state.layerStackSpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 20, 20), state.layerStackSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.orientedDisplaySpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(frame, state.orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.orientedDisplaySpace.bounds);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.orientedDisplaySpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(frame, state.orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.orientedDisplaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.displaySpace.bounds);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(900, 50, 940, 100), state.displaySpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.displaySpace.orientation);
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(900, 50, 940, 100), state.displaySpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.displaySpace.getOrientation());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.framebufferSpace.bounds);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(900, 50, 940, 100), state.framebufferSpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.framebufferSpace.orientation);
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.framebufferSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(900, 50, 940, 100), state.framebufferSpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.framebufferSpace.getOrientation());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(state.displaySpace.content, state.transform.transform(state.layerStackSpace.content));
+    EXPECT_EQ(state.displaySpace.getContent(),
+              state.transform.transform(state.layerStackSpace.getContent()));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::ROT_90, mOutput->getTransformHint());
 }
@@ -326,8 +332,10 @@
 TEST_F(OutputTest, setProjectionWithSmallFramebufferWorks) {
     const Rect displayRect{0, 0, 1000, 2000};
     const Rect framebufferRect{0, 0, 500, 1000};
-    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.bounds = displayRect;
-    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.bounds = framebufferRect;
+    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.setBounds(
+            ui::Size(displayRect.getWidth(), displayRect.getHeight()));
+    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.setBounds(
+            ui::Size(framebufferRect.getWidth(), framebufferRect.getHeight()));
 
     const ui::Rotation orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
     const Rect frame{50, 60, 100, 100};
@@ -335,28 +343,29 @@
 
     mOutput->setProjection(orientation, viewport, frame);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, mOutput->getState().displaySpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(frame, mOutput->getState().orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, mOutput->getState().layerStackSpace.content);
+    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, mOutput->getState().displaySpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(frame, mOutput->getState().orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, mOutput->getState().layerStackSpace.getContent());
 
     const auto state = mOutput->getState();
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.layerStackSpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, state.layerStackSpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, state.layerStackSpace.bounds);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.layerStackSpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(viewport, state.layerStackSpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 20, 20), state.layerStackSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.orientedDisplaySpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(frame, state.orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.orientedDisplaySpace.bounds);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.orientedDisplaySpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(frame, state.orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.orientedDisplaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.displaySpace.bounds);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(900, 50, 940, 100), state.displaySpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.displaySpace.orientation);
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(900, 50, 940, 100), state.displaySpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.displaySpace.getOrientation());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(framebufferRect, state.framebufferSpace.bounds);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(450, 25, 470, 50), state.framebufferSpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.framebufferSpace.orientation);
+    EXPECT_EQ(framebufferRect, state.framebufferSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(450, 25, 470, 50), state.framebufferSpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(orientation, state.framebufferSpace.getOrientation());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(state.displaySpace.content, state.transform.transform(state.layerStackSpace.content));
+    EXPECT_EQ(state.displaySpace.getContent(),
+              state.transform.transform(state.layerStackSpace.getContent()));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -364,16 +373,16 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(OutputTest, setDisplaySpaceSizeUpdatesOutputStateAndDirtiesEntireOutput) {
-    mOutput->editState().layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000);
-    mOutput->editState().layerStackSpace.bounds = Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000);
-    mOutput->editState().orientedDisplaySpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 1800, 900);
-    mOutput->editState().orientedDisplaySpace.bounds = Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000);
-    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 900, 1800);
-    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.bounds = Rect(0, 0, 1000, 2000);
-    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
-    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 900, 1800);
-    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.bounds = Rect(0, 0, 1000, 2000);
-    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
+    mOutput->editState().layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000));
+    mOutput->editState().layerStackSpace.setBounds(ui::Size(2000, 1000));
+    mOutput->editState().orientedDisplaySpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 1800, 900));
+    mOutput->editState().orientedDisplaySpace.setBounds(ui::Size(2000, 1000));
+    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 900, 1800));
+    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.setBounds(ui::Size(1000, 2000));
+    mOutput->editState().framebufferSpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_90);
+    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 900, 1800));
+    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.setBounds(ui::Size(1000, 2000));
+    mOutput->editState().displaySpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_90);
 
     const ui::Size newDisplaySize{500, 1000};
 
@@ -384,36 +393,38 @@
     const auto state = mOutput->getState();
 
     const Rect displayRect(newDisplaySize);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.layerStackSpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.layerStackSpace.content);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.layerStackSpace.bounds);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.layerStackSpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.layerStackSpace.getContent());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 2000, 1000), state.layerStackSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.orientedDisplaySpace.orientation);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 1000, 500), state.orientedDisplaySpace.bounds);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, state.orientedDisplaySpace.getOrientation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(0, 0, 1000, 500), state.orientedDisplaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.displaySpace.bounds);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_90, state.displaySpace.orientation);
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_90, state.displaySpace.getOrientation());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.framebufferSpace.bounds);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_90, state.framebufferSpace.orientation);
+    EXPECT_EQ(displayRect, state.framebufferSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_90, state.framebufferSpace.getOrientation());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(state.displaySpace.content, state.transform.transform(state.layerStackSpace.content));
+    EXPECT_EQ(state.displaySpace.getContent(),
+              state.transform.transform(state.layerStackSpace.getContent()));
 
     EXPECT_THAT(state.dirtyRegion, RegionEq(Region(displayRect)));
 }
 
 /*
- * Output::setLayerStackFilter()
+ * Output::setLayerFilter()
  */
 
-TEST_F(OutputTest, setLayerStackFilterSetsFilterAndDirtiesEntireOutput) {
-    const uint32_t layerStack = 123u;
-    mOutput->setLayerStackFilter(layerStack, true);
+TEST_F(OutputTest, setLayerFilterSetsFilterAndDirtiesEntireOutput) {
+    constexpr ui::LayerFilter kFilter{ui::LayerStack{123u}, true};
+    mOutput->setLayerFilter(kFilter);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->getState().layerStackInternal);
-    EXPECT_EQ(layerStack, mOutput->getState().layerStackId);
+    const auto& state = mOutput->getState();
+    EXPECT_EQ(kFilter.layerStack, state.layerFilter.layerStack);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(state.layerFilter.toInternalDisplay);
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(mOutput->getState().dirtyRegion, RegionEq(Region(kDefaultDisplaySize)));
+    EXPECT_THAT(state.dirtyRegion, RegionEq(Region(kDefaultDisplaySize)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -560,133 +571,107 @@
 
     mOutput->setRenderSurface(std::unique_ptr<RenderSurface>(renderSurface));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(newDisplaySize), mOutput->getState().framebufferSpace.bounds);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Rect(newDisplaySize), mOutput->getState().framebufferSpace.getBoundsAsRect());
 }
 
 /*
  * Output::getDirtyRegion()
  */
 
-TEST_F(OutputTest, getDirtyRegionWithRepaintEverythingTrue) {
+TEST_F(OutputTest, getDirtyRegion) {
     const Rect viewport{100, 200};
-    mOutput->editState().layerStackSpace.content = viewport;
+    mOutput->editState().layerStackSpace.setContent(viewport);
     mOutput->editState().dirtyRegion.set(50, 300);
 
-    {
-        Region result = mOutput->getDirtyRegion(true);
-
-        EXPECT_THAT(result, RegionEq(Region(viewport)));
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(OutputTest, getDirtyRegionWithRepaintEverythingFalse) {
-    const Rect viewport{100, 200};
-    mOutput->editState().layerStackSpace.content = viewport;
-    mOutput->editState().dirtyRegion.set(50, 300);
-
-    {
-        Region result = mOutput->getDirtyRegion(false);
-
-        // The dirtyRegion should be clipped to the display bounds.
-        EXPECT_THAT(result, RegionEq(Region(Rect(50, 200))));
-    }
+    // The dirty region should be clipped to the display bounds.
+    EXPECT_THAT(mOutput->getDirtyRegion(), RegionEq(Region(Rect(50, 200))));
 }
 
 /*
- * Output::belongsInOutput()
+ * Output::includesLayer()
  */
 
-TEST_F(OutputTest, belongsInOutputFiltersAsExpected) {
-    const uint32_t layerStack1 = 123u;
-    const uint32_t layerStack2 = 456u;
+TEST_F(OutputTest, layerFiltering) {
+    const ui::LayerStack layerStack1{123u};
+    const ui::LayerStack layerStack2{456u};
 
-    // If the output accepts layerStack1 and internal-only layers....
-    mOutput->setLayerStackFilter(layerStack1, true);
+    // If the output is associated to layerStack1 and to an internal display...
+    mOutput->setLayerFilter({layerStack1, true});
 
-    // A layer with no layerStack does not belong to it, internal-only or not.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(std::nullopt, false));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(std::nullopt, true));
+    // It excludes layers with no layer stack, internal-only or not.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer({ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK, false}));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer({ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK, true}));
 
-    // Any layer with layerStack1 belongs to it, internal-only or not.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack1, false));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack1, true));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack2, true));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack2, false));
+    // It includes layers on layerStack1, internal-only or not.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack1, false}));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack1, true}));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack2, true}));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack2, false}));
 
-    // If the output accepts layerStack21 but not internal-only layers...
-    mOutput->setLayerStackFilter(layerStack1, false);
+    // If the output is associated to layerStack1 but not to an internal display...
+    mOutput->setLayerFilter({layerStack1, false});
 
-    // Only non-internal layers with layerStack1 belong to it.
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack1, false));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack1, true));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack2, true));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerStack2, false));
+    // It includes layers on layerStack1, unless they are internal-only.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack1, false}));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack1, true}));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack2, true}));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer({layerStack2, false}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(OutputTest, belongsInOutputHandlesLayerWithNoCompositionState) {
+TEST_F(OutputTest, layerFilteringWithoutCompositionState) {
     NonInjectedLayer layer;
     sp<LayerFE> layerFE(layer.layerFE);
 
-    // If the layer has no composition state, it does not belong to any output.
+    // Layers without composition state are excluded.
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer.layerFE, getCompositionState).WillOnce(Return(nullptr));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(OutputTest, belongsInOutputFiltersLayersAsExpected) {
+TEST_F(OutputTest, layerFilteringWithCompositionState) {
     NonInjectedLayer layer;
     sp<LayerFE> layerFE(layer.layerFE);
 
-    const uint32_t layerStack1 = 123u;
-    const uint32_t layerStack2 = 456u;
+    const ui::LayerStack layerStack1{123u};
+    const ui::LayerStack layerStack2{456u};
 
-    // If the output accepts layerStack1 and internal-only layers....
-    mOutput->setLayerStackFilter(layerStack1, true);
+    // If the output is associated to layerStack1 and to an internal display...
+    mOutput->setLayerFilter({layerStack1, true});
 
-    // A layer with no layerStack does not belong to it, internal-only or not.
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = std::nullopt;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = false;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    // It excludes layers with no layer stack, internal-only or not.
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK, false};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = std::nullopt;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = true;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {ui::INVALID_LAYER_STACK, true};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    // Any layer with layerStack1 belongs to it, internal-only or not.
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack1;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = false;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    // It includes layers on layerStack1, internal-only or not.
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack1, false};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack1;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = true;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack1, true};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack2;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = true;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack2, true};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack2;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = false;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack2, false};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    // If the output accepts layerStack1 but not internal-only layers...
-    mOutput->setLayerStackFilter(layerStack1, false);
+    // If the output is associated to layerStack1 but not to an internal display...
+    mOutput->setLayerFilter({layerStack1, false});
 
-    // Only non-internal layers with layerStack1 belong to it.
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack1;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = false;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    // It includes layers on layerStack1, unless they are internal-only.
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack1, false};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack1;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = true;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack1, true};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack2;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = true;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack2, true};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 
-    layer.layerFEState.layerStackId = layerStack2;
-    layer.layerFEState.internalOnly = false;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->belongsInOutput(layerFE));
+    layer.layerFEState.outputFilter = {layerStack2, false};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput->includesLayer(layerFE));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1079,7 +1064,8 @@
     OutputRebuildLayerStacksTest() {
         mOutput.mState.isEnabled = true;
         mOutput.mState.transform = kIdentityTransform;
-        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.bounds = kOutputBounds;
+        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setBounds(
+                ui::Size(kOutputBounds.getWidth(), kOutputBounds.getHeight()));
 
         mRefreshArgs.updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame = true;
 
@@ -1268,21 +1254,22 @@
     struct OutputPartialMock : public OutputPartialMockBase {
         // Sets up the helper functions called by the function under test to use
         // mock implementations.
-        MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(belongsInOutput, bool(const sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>&));
+        MOCK_METHOD(bool, includesLayer, (const sp<compositionengine::LayerFE>&),
+                    (const, override));
         MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getOutputLayerOrderedByZByIndex, OutputLayer*(size_t));
         MOCK_METHOD2(ensureOutputLayer,
                      compositionengine::OutputLayer*(std::optional<size_t>, const sp<LayerFE>&));
     };
 
     OutputEnsureOutputLayerIfVisibleTest() {
-        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, belongsInOutput(sp<LayerFE>(mLayer.layerFE)))
+        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, includesLayer(sp<LayerFE>(mLayer.layerFE)))
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getOutputLayerCount()).WillRepeatedly(Return(1u));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getOutputLayerOrderedByZByIndex(0u))
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayer.outputLayer));
 
-        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.bounds = Rect(0, 0, 200, 300);
-        mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 200, 300);
+        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setBounds(ui::Size(200, 300));
+        mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 200, 300));
         mOutput.mState.transform = ui::Transform(TR_IDENT, 200, 300);
 
         mLayer.layerFEState.isVisible = true;
@@ -1326,8 +1313,8 @@
 const Region OutputEnsureOutputLayerIfVisibleTest::kFullBounds90Rotation =
         Region(Rect(0, 0, 200, 100));
 
-TEST_F(OutputEnsureOutputLayerIfVisibleTest, performsGeomLatchBeforeCheckingIfLayerBelongs) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, belongsInOutput(sp<LayerFE>(mLayer.layerFE))).WillOnce(Return(false));
+TEST_F(OutputEnsureOutputLayerIfVisibleTest, performsGeomLatchBeforeCheckingIfLayerIncluded) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, includesLayer(sp<LayerFE>(mLayer.layerFE))).WillOnce(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer.layerFE,
                 prepareCompositionState(compositionengine::LayerFE::StateSubset::BasicGeometry));
 
@@ -1337,8 +1324,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(OutputEnsureOutputLayerIfVisibleTest,
-       skipsLatchIfAlreadyLatchedBeforeCheckingIfLayerBelongs) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, belongsInOutput(sp<LayerFE>(mLayer.layerFE))).WillOnce(Return(false));
+       skipsLatchIfAlreadyLatchedBeforeCheckingIfLayerIncluded) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, includesLayer(sp<LayerFE>(mLayer.layerFE))).WillOnce(Return(false));
 
     ensureOutputLayerIfVisible();
 }
@@ -1362,7 +1349,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(OutputEnsureOutputLayerIfVisibleTest, takesNotSoEarlyOutifDrawRegionEmpty) {
-    mOutput.mState.displaySpace.bounds = Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setBounds(ui::Size(0, 0));
 
     ensureOutputLayerIfVisible();
 }
@@ -1559,7 +1546,7 @@
     mLayer.layerFEState.contentDirty = true;
     mLayer.layerFEState.geomLayerTransform = ui::Transform(TR_IDENT, 100, 200);
 
-    mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 300, 200);
+    mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 300, 200));
     mOutput.mState.transform = ui::Transform(TR_ROT_90, 200, 300);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getOutputLayerCount()).WillOnce(Return(0u));
@@ -1585,7 +1572,7 @@
     mLayer.layerFEState.contentDirty = true;
     mLayer.layerFEState.geomLayerTransform = ui::Transform(TR_IDENT, 100, 200);
 
-    mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.content = Rect(0, 0, 300, 200);
+    mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 300, 200));
     mOutput.mState.transform = ui::Transform(TR_ROT_90, 200, 300);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, ensureOutputLayer(Eq(0u), Eq(mLayer.layerFE)))
@@ -2530,7 +2517,7 @@
     struct OutputPartialMock : public OutputPartialMockBase {
         // Sets up the helper functions called by the function under test to use
         // mock implementations.
-        MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getDirtyRegion, Region(bool));
+        MOCK_METHOD(Region, getDirtyRegion, (), (const));
     };
 
     OutputBeginFrameTest() {
@@ -2542,8 +2529,7 @@
     struct IfGetDirtyRegionExpectationState
           : public CallOrderStateMachineHelper<TestType, IfGetDirtyRegionExpectationState> {
         [[nodiscard]] auto ifGetDirtyRegionReturns(Region dirtyRegion) {
-            EXPECT_CALL(getInstance()->mOutput, getDirtyRegion(false))
-                    .WillOnce(Return(dirtyRegion));
+            EXPECT_CALL(getInstance()->mOutput, getDirtyRegion()).WillOnce(Return(dirtyRegion));
             return nextState<AndIfGetOutputLayerCountExpectationState>();
         }
     };
@@ -2683,7 +2669,7 @@
     struct OutputPartialMock : public OutputPartialMockBase {
         // Sets up the helper functions called by the function under test to use
         // mock implementations.
-        MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getDirtyRegion, Region(bool));
+        MOCK_METHOD(Region, getDirtyRegion, (), (const));
         MOCK_METHOD2(composeSurfaces,
                      std::optional<base::unique_fd>(
                              const Region&, const compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs&));
@@ -2711,7 +2697,6 @@
 
 TEST_F(OutputDevOptRepaintFlashTest, doesNothingIfFlashDelayNotSet) {
     mRefreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay = {};
-    mRefreshArgs.repaintEverything = true;
     mOutput.mState.isEnabled = true;
 
     mOutput.devOptRepaintFlash(mRefreshArgs);
@@ -2719,7 +2704,6 @@
 
 TEST_F(OutputDevOptRepaintFlashTest, postsAndPreparesANewFrameIfNotEnabled) {
     mRefreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay = std::chrono::microseconds(1);
-    mRefreshArgs.repaintEverything = true;
     mOutput.mState.isEnabled = false;
 
     InSequence seq;
@@ -2729,13 +2713,12 @@
     mOutput.devOptRepaintFlash(mRefreshArgs);
 }
 
-TEST_F(OutputDevOptRepaintFlashTest, postsAndPreparesANewFrameIfNotDirty) {
+TEST_F(OutputDevOptRepaintFlashTest, postsAndPreparesANewFrameIfEnabled) {
     mRefreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay = std::chrono::microseconds(1);
-    mRefreshArgs.repaintEverything = true;
     mOutput.mState.isEnabled = true;
 
     InSequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getDirtyRegion(true)).WillOnce(Return(kEmptyRegion));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getDirtyRegion()).WillOnce(Return(kEmptyRegion));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, postFramebuffer());
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, prepareFrame());
 
@@ -2744,11 +2727,10 @@
 
 TEST_F(OutputDevOptRepaintFlashTest, alsoComposesSurfacesAndQueuesABufferIfDirty) {
     mRefreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay = std::chrono::microseconds(1);
-    mRefreshArgs.repaintEverything = false;
     mOutput.mState.isEnabled = true;
 
     InSequence seq;
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getDirtyRegion(false)).WillOnce(Return(kNotEmptyRegion));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getDirtyRegion()).WillOnce(Return(kNotEmptyRegion));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, composeSurfaces(RegionEq(kNotEmptyRegion), Ref(mRefreshArgs)));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, queueBuffer(_));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, postFramebuffer());
@@ -2903,12 +2885,24 @@
     // are passed. This happens to work with the current implementation, but
     // would not survive certain calls like Fence::merge() which would return a
     // new instance.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer1Fence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer2Fence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(layer3Fence.get()))));
+    base::unique_fd layer1FD(layer1Fence->dup());
+    base::unique_fd layer2FD(layer2Fence->dup());
+    base::unique_fd layer3FD(layer3Fence->dup());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layer1FD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                          futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layer1FD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layer2FD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                          futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layer2FD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layer3FD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                          futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layer3FD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
 }
@@ -2934,9 +2928,9 @@
     // Fence::merge is called, and since none of the fences are actually valid,
     // Fence::NO_FENCE is returned and passed to each onLayerDisplayed() call.
     // This is the best we can do without creating a real kernel fence object.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed(Fence::NO_FENCE));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer1.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed).WillOnce(Return());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer2.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed).WillOnce(Return());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayer3.layerFE, onLayerDisplayed).WillOnce(Return());
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
 }
@@ -2968,12 +2962,22 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, onPresentDisplayCompleted());
 
     // Each released layer should be given the presentFence.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer1,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(presentFence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer2,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(presentFence.get()))));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer3,
-                onLayerDisplayed(Property(&sp<Fence>::get, Eq(presentFence.get()))));
+    base::unique_fd layerFD(presentFence.get()->dup());
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer1, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layerFD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                         futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layerFD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer2, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layerFD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                         futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layerFD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*releasedLayer3, onLayerDisplayed(_))
+            .WillOnce([&layerFD](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>
+                                         futureRenderEngineResult) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(layerFD, futureRenderEngineResult.get().drawFence);
+            });
 
     mOutput.postFramebuffer();
 
@@ -2993,7 +2997,7 @@
         // mock implementations.
         MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getSkipColorTransform, bool());
         MOCK_METHOD3(generateClientCompositionRequests,
-                     std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(bool, Region&, ui::Dataspace));
+                     std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(bool, ui::Dataspace, std::vector<LayerFE*>&));
         MOCK_METHOD2(appendRegionFlashRequests,
                      void(const Region&, std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>&));
         MOCK_METHOD1(setExpensiveRenderingExpected, void(bool));
@@ -3005,11 +3009,11 @@
         mOutput.setRenderSurfaceForTest(std::unique_ptr<RenderSurface>(mRenderSurface));
         mOutput.cacheClientCompositionRequests(MAX_CLIENT_COMPOSITION_CACHE_SIZE);
 
-        mOutput.mState.orientedDisplaySpace.content = kDefaultOutputFrame;
-        mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.content = kDefaultOutputViewport;
-        mOutput.mState.framebufferSpace.content = kDefaultOutputDestinationClip;
-        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.content = kDefaultOutputDestinationClip;
-        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.orientation = kDefaultOutputOrientation;
+        mOutput.mState.orientedDisplaySpace.setContent(kDefaultOutputFrame);
+        mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.setContent(kDefaultOutputViewport);
+        mOutput.mState.framebufferSpace.setContent(kDefaultOutputDestinationClip);
+        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setContent(kDefaultOutputDestinationClip);
+        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setOrientation(kDefaultOutputOrientation);
         mOutput.mState.transform = ui::Transform{kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags};
         mOutput.mState.dataspace = kDefaultOutputDataspace;
         mOutput.mState.colorTransformMatrix = kDefaultColorTransformMat;
@@ -3142,15 +3146,20 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplayColorProfile, hasWideColorGamut()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{}));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, IsEmpty(), _, false, _, _))
-            .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
-
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, IsEmpty(), _, false, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
+                                    -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+            });
     verify().execute().expectAFenceWasReturned();
 }
 
@@ -3165,7 +3174,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplayColorProfile, hasWideColorGamut()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{r1}));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(
@@ -3175,8 +3184,14 @@
                     }));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _, _))
-            .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
+                                    -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+            });
 
     verify().execute().expectAFenceWasReturned();
 }
@@ -3188,14 +3203,13 @@
 
     r1.geometry.boundaries = FloatRect{1, 2, 3, 4};
     r2.geometry.boundaries = FloatRect{5, 6, 7, 8};
-    const constexpr uint32_t kInternalLayerStack = 1234;
-    mOutput.setLayerStackFilter(kInternalLayerStack, true);
+    mOutput.setLayerFilter({ui::LayerStack{1234u}, true});
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getSkipColorTransform()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplayColorProfile, hasWideColorGamut()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{r1}));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(
@@ -3205,8 +3219,14 @@
                     }));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, true, _, _))
-            .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, true, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
+                                    -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+            });
 
     verify().execute().expectAFenceWasReturned();
 }
@@ -3223,15 +3243,18 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplayColorProfile, hasWideColorGamut()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{r1, r2}));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
             .Times(2)
-            .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     verify().execute().expectAFenceWasReturned();
     EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput.mState.reusedClientComposition);
@@ -3252,14 +3275,15 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplayColorProfile, hasWideColorGamut()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{r1, r2}));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _, _))
-            .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, setExpensiveRenderingExpected(false));
 
     verify().execute().expectAFenceWasReturned();
@@ -3281,7 +3305,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplayColorProfile, hasWideColorGamut()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{r1, r2}));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
@@ -3293,8 +3317,14 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(mOutputBuffer))
             .WillOnce(Return(otherOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _, _))
-            .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                                base::unique_fd&&)
+                                    -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+            });
 
     verify().execute().expectAFenceWasReturned();
     EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput.mState.reusedClientComposition);
@@ -3316,17 +3346,19 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplayColorProfile, hasWideColorGamut()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{r1, r2}))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{r1, r3}));
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r2)), _, false, _, _))
-            .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(Pointee(r1), Pointee(r3)), _, false, _, _))
-            .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r2), _, false, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, ElementsAre(r1, r3), _, false, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     verify().execute().expectAFenceWasReturned();
     EXPECT_FALSE(mOutput.mState.reusedClientComposition);
@@ -3339,7 +3371,7 @@
     OutputComposeSurfacesTest_UsesExpectedDisplaySettings() {
         EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
         EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{}));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return());
@@ -3375,8 +3407,9 @@
     struct ExpectDisplaySettingsState
           : public CallOrderStateMachineHelper<TestType, ExpectDisplaySettingsState> {
         auto thenExpectDisplaySettingsUsed(renderengine::DisplaySettings settings) {
-            EXPECT_CALL(getInstance()->mRenderEngine, drawLayers(settings, _, _, false, _, _))
-                    .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+            EXPECT_CALL(getInstance()->mRenderEngine, drawLayers(settings, _, _, false, _))
+                    .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                            {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
             return nextState<ExecuteState>();
         }
     };
@@ -3391,7 +3424,7 @@
             .andIfSkipColorTransform(false)
             .thenExpectDisplaySettingsUsed({kDefaultOutputDestinationClip, kDefaultOutputViewport,
                                             kDefaultMaxLuminance, kDefaultOutputDataspace, mat4(),
-                                            Region::INVALID_REGION, kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
+                                            kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
             .execute()
             .expectAFenceWasReturned();
 }
@@ -3402,7 +3435,7 @@
             .andIfSkipColorTransform(false)
             .thenExpectDisplaySettingsUsed({kDefaultOutputDestinationClip, kDefaultOutputViewport,
                                             kDefaultMaxLuminance, kDefaultOutputDataspace, mat4(),
-                                            Region::INVALID_REGION, kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
+                                            kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
             .execute()
             .expectAFenceWasReturned();
 }
@@ -3413,7 +3446,7 @@
             .andIfSkipColorTransform(false)
             .thenExpectDisplaySettingsUsed({kDefaultOutputDestinationClip, kDefaultOutputViewport,
                                             kDefaultMaxLuminance, kDefaultOutputDataspace,
-                                            kDefaultColorTransformMat, Region::INVALID_REGION,
+                                            kDefaultColorTransformMat,
                                             kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
             .execute()
             .expectAFenceWasReturned();
@@ -3425,7 +3458,7 @@
             .andIfSkipColorTransform(false)
             .thenExpectDisplaySettingsUsed({kDefaultOutputDestinationClip, kDefaultOutputViewport,
                                             kDefaultMaxLuminance, kDefaultOutputDataspace,
-                                            kDefaultColorTransformMat, Region::INVALID_REGION,
+                                            kDefaultColorTransformMat,
                                             kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
             .execute()
             .expectAFenceWasReturned();
@@ -3438,7 +3471,7 @@
             .andIfSkipColorTransform(true)
             .thenExpectDisplaySettingsUsed({kDefaultOutputDestinationClip, kDefaultOutputViewport,
                                             kDefaultMaxLuminance, kDefaultOutputDataspace, mat4(),
-                                            Region::INVALID_REGION, kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
+                                            kDefaultOutputOrientationFlags})
             .execute()
             .expectAFenceWasReturned();
 }
@@ -3474,8 +3507,15 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, appendRegionFlashRequests(RegionEq(kDebugRegion), _))
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return());
         EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _, _))
-                .WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+        EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                            const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                            const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                            base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+                            return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                                    {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
+                        });
     }
 
     Layer mLayer1;
@@ -3527,7 +3567,9 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, setProtected(true));
     // Must happen after setting the protected content state.
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderSurface, dequeueBuffer(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(mOutputBuffer));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     mOutput.composeSurfaces(kDebugRegion, kDefaultRefreshArgs);
 }
@@ -3590,14 +3632,16 @@
 TEST_F(OutputComposeSurfacesTest_SetsExpensiveRendering, IfExepensiveOutputDataspaceIsUsed) {
     mOutput.mState.dataspace = kExpensiveOutputDataspace;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kExpensiveOutputDataspace))
+    EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kExpensiveOutputDataspace, _))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{}));
 
     // For this test, we also check the call order of key functions.
     InSequence seq;
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, setExpensiveRenderingExpected(true));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     mOutput.composeSurfaces(kDebugRegion, kDefaultRefreshArgs);
 }
@@ -3613,9 +3657,11 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(mLayer.outputLayer,
                     writeStateToHWC(/*includeGeometry*/ false, /*skipLayer*/ false, 0,
                                     /*zIsOverridden*/ false, /*isPeekingThrough*/ false));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, _, kDefaultOutputDataspace))
+        EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, generateClientCompositionRequests(_, kDefaultOutputDataspace, _))
                 .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>{}));
-        EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+        EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, false, _))
+                .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                        {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getOutputLayerCount()).WillRepeatedly(Return(1u));
         EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getOutputLayerOrderedByZByIndex(0u))
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(&mLayer.outputLayer));
@@ -3652,11 +3698,11 @@
 struct GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest : public testing::Test {
     struct OutputPartialMock : public OutputPartialMockBase {
         // compositionengine::Output overrides
-        std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> generateClientCompositionRequests(
-                bool supportsProtectedContent, Region& clearRegion,
-                ui::Dataspace dataspace) override {
+        std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(
+            bool supportsProtectedContent, ui::Dataspace dataspace) {
+            std::vector<LayerFE*> ignore;
             return impl::Output::generateClientCompositionRequests(supportsProtectedContent,
-                                                                   clearRegion, dataspace);
+                                                                   dataspace, ignore);
         }
     };
 
@@ -3691,12 +3737,12 @@
 struct GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers
       : public GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest {
     GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers() {
-        mOutput.mState.orientedDisplaySpace.content = kDisplayFrame;
-        mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.content = kDisplayViewport;
-        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.content = kDisplayDestinationClip;
+        mOutput.mState.orientedDisplaySpace.setContent(kDisplayFrame);
+        mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.setContent(kDisplayViewport);
+        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setContent(kDisplayDestinationClip);
         mOutput.mState.transform =
                 ui::Transform{ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(kDisplayOrientation)};
-        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.orientation = kDisplayOrientation;
+        mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setOrientation(kDisplayOrientation);
         mOutput.mState.needsFiltering = false;
         mOutput.mState.isSecure = false;
 
@@ -3740,11 +3786,9 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[1].mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[2].mOutputLayer, requiresClientComposition()).WillOnce(Return(false));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     EXPECT_EQ(0u, requests.size());
-    EXPECT_THAT(accumClearRegion, RegionEq(Region(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13))));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers, requiresVisibleRegionAfterViewportClip) {
@@ -3752,11 +3796,9 @@
     mLayers[1].mOutputLayerState.visibleRegion = Region(Rect(4000, 0, 4010, 10));
     mLayers[2].mOutputLayerState.visibleRegion = Region(Rect(-10, -10, 0, 0));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     EXPECT_EQ(0u, requests.size());
-    EXPECT_THAT(accumClearRegion, RegionEq(Region(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13))));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers, gathersClientCompositionRequests) {
@@ -3771,16 +3813,13 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                     {mShadowSettings, mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(3u, requests.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(mLayers[1].mLayerSettings, requests[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(mShadowSettings, requests[1]);
     EXPECT_EQ(mLayers[2].mLayerSettings, requests[2]);
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(accumClearRegion, RegionEq(Region(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13))));
-
     // Check that a timestamp was set for the layers that generated requests
     EXPECT_TRUE(0 == mLayers[0].mOutputLayerState.clientCompositionTimestamp);
     EXPECT_TRUE(0 != mLayers[1].mOutputLayerState.clientCompositionTimestamp);
@@ -3811,16 +3850,13 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                     {mShadowSettings, mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(3u, requests.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(mLayers[1].mLayerSettings, requests[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(mShadowSettings, requests[1]);
     EXPECT_EQ(mLayers[2].mLayerSettings, requests[2]);
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(accumClearRegion, RegionEq(Region(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13))));
-
     // Check that a timestamp was set for the layers that generated requests
     EXPECT_TRUE(0 == mLayers[0].mOutputLayerState.clientCompositionTimestamp);
     EXPECT_TRUE(0 != mLayers[1].mOutputLayerState.clientCompositionTimestamp);
@@ -3844,13 +3880,10 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, requests.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(mLayers[2].mLayerSettings, requests[0]);
-
-    EXPECT_THAT(accumClearRegion, RegionEq(Region(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13))));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers,
@@ -3870,13 +3903,10 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, requests.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(mLayers[2].mLayerSettings, requests[0]);
-
-    EXPECT_THAT(accumClearRegion, RegionEq(Region(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13))));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers, clearsHWCLayersIfOpaqueAndNotFirst) {
@@ -3897,15 +3927,12 @@
     mLayers[0].mLayerFEState.isOpaque = true;
     mLayers[1].mLayerFEState.isOpaque = true;
     mLayers[2].mLayerFEState.isOpaque = true;
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-    Region stubRegion;
 
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer1TargetSettings{
             Region(kDisplayFrame),
             false,      /* needs filtering */
             false,      /* secure */
             false,      /* supports protected content */
-            stubRegion, /* clear region */
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             false /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -3917,7 +3944,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -3936,16 +3962,14 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(2u, requests.size());
 
     // The second layer is expected to be rendered as alpha=0 black with no blending
     EXPECT_EQ(mBlackoutSettings, requests[0]);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(mLayers[2].mLayerSettings, requests[1]);
-
-    EXPECT_THAT(accumClearRegion, RegionEq(Region(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13))));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers,
@@ -3954,14 +3978,11 @@
     mLayers[1].mOutputLayerState.visibleRegion = Region(Rect(-10, -10, 30, 30));
     mLayers[2].mOutputLayerState.visibleRegion = Region(Rect(-10, 0, 40, 4000));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer0TargetSettings{
             Region(Rect(10, 10, 20, 20)),
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -3973,7 +3994,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -3985,7 +4005,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4001,8 +4020,8 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
-            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                      accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace));
+            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                      kDisplayDataspace));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers,
@@ -4010,14 +4029,11 @@
     mOutput.mState.needsFiltering = false;
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mOutputLayer, needsFiltering()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer0TargetSettings{
             Region(kDisplayFrame),
             true,  /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4029,7 +4045,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4041,7 +4056,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4057,8 +4071,8 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
-            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                      accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace));
+            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                            kDisplayDataspace));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers,
@@ -4066,14 +4080,11 @@
     mOutput.mState.needsFiltering = true;
     EXPECT_CALL(mLayers[0].mOutputLayer, needsFiltering()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer0TargetSettings{
             Region(kDisplayFrame),
             true,  /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4086,7 +4097,6 @@
             true,  /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4098,7 +4108,6 @@
             true,  /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4114,22 +4123,19 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
-            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                      accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace));
+            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                            kDisplayDataspace));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers,
        wholeOutputSecurityUsedToGenerateRequests) {
     mOutput.mState.isSecure = true;
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer0TargetSettings{
             Region(kDisplayFrame),
             false, /* needs filtering */
             true,  /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4141,7 +4147,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             true,  /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4153,7 +4158,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             true,  /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4169,20 +4173,18 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
     static_cast<void>(
-            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                      accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace));
+            mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                            kDisplayDataspace));
 }
 
 TEST_F(GenerateClientCompositionRequestsTest_ThreeLayers,
        protectedContentSupportUsedToGenerateRequests) {
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
 
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer0TargetSettings{
             Region(kDisplayFrame),
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             true,  /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4194,7 +4196,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             true,  /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4206,7 +4207,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             false, /* secure */
             true,  /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4221,8 +4221,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2TargetSettings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>()));
 
-    static_cast<void>(mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(true /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                                accumClearRegion,
+    static_cast<void>(mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(true /* supportsProtectedContent */,
                                                                 kDisplayDataspace));
 }
 
@@ -4343,11 +4342,11 @@
     const ui::Rotation kPortraitOrientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
     constexpr ui::Dataspace kOutputDataspace = ui::Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3;
 
-    mOutput.mState.orientedDisplaySpace.content = kPortraitFrame;
-    mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.content = kPortraitViewport;
-    mOutput.mState.displaySpace.content = kPortraitDestinationClip;
+    mOutput.mState.orientedDisplaySpace.setContent(kPortraitFrame);
+    mOutput.mState.layerStackSpace.setContent(kPortraitViewport);
+    mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setContent(kPortraitDestinationClip);
     mOutput.mState.transform = ui::Transform{ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(kPortraitOrientation)};
-    mOutput.mState.displaySpace.orientation = kPortraitOrientation;
+    mOutput.mState.displaySpace.setOrientation(kPortraitOrientation);
     mOutput.mState.needsFiltering = false;
     mOutput.mState.isSecure = true;
 
@@ -4370,14 +4369,11 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mOutput, getOutputLayerOrderedByZByIndex(1u))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(&rightLayer.mOutputLayer));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
-
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings leftLayerSettings{
             Region(Rect(0, 0, 1000, 1000)),
             false, /* needs filtering */
             true,  /* secure */
             true,  /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kPortraitViewport,
             kOutputDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4395,7 +4391,6 @@
             false, /* needs filtering */
             true,  /* secure */
             true,  /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kPortraitViewport,
             kOutputDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4409,8 +4404,8 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({rightLayer.mLayerSettings})));
 
     constexpr bool supportsProtectedContent = true;
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(supportsProtectedContent,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kOutputDataspace);
+    auto requests =
+        mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(supportsProtectedContent, kOutputDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(2u, requests.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(leftLayer.mLayerSettings, requests[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(rightLayer.mLayerSettings, requests[1]);
@@ -4423,13 +4418,11 @@
     const Region kShadowRegion = Region(kContentWithShadow).subtract(kContent);
     const Region kPartialShadowRegion = Region(kContentWithShadow).subtract(Rect(40, 40, 60, 80));
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer2Settings{
             Region(Rect(60, 40, 70, 80)).merge(Rect(40, 80, 70, 90)), /* visible region */
             false,                                                    /* needs filtering */
             false,                                                    /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             false /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4448,8 +4441,8 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mLayers[2].mLayerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(Eq(ByRef(layer2Settings))))
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>({mShadowSettings})));
 
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(1u, requests.size());
 
     EXPECT_EQ(mShadowSettings, requests[0]);
@@ -4469,13 +4462,11 @@
     mLayers[2].mOutputLayerState.visibleRegion = kPartialContentWithPartialShadowRegion;
     mLayers[2].mOutputLayerState.shadowRegion = kShadowRegion;
 
-    Region accumClearRegion(Rect(10, 11, 12, 13));
     compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings layer2Settings{
             Region(Rect(50, 40, 70, 80)).merge(Rect(40, 80, 70, 90)), /* visible region */
             false,                                                    /* needs filtering */
             false,                                                    /* secure */
             false, /* supports protected content */
-            accumClearRegion,
             kDisplayViewport,
             kDisplayDataspace,
             true /* realContentIsVisible */,
@@ -4489,8 +4480,8 @@
             .WillOnce(Return(std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings>(
                     {mShadowSettings, mLayers[2].mLayerSettings})));
 
-    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequests(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
-                                                              accumClearRegion, kDisplayDataspace);
+    auto requests = mOutput.generateClientCompositionRequestsHelper(false /* supportsProtectedContent */,
+                                                              kDisplayDataspace);
     ASSERT_EQ(2u, requests.size());
 
     EXPECT_EQ(mShadowSettings, requests[0]);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/ProjectionSpaceTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/ProjectionSpaceTest.cpp
index 704f5a8..19b3928 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/ProjectionSpaceTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/ProjectionSpaceTest.cpp
@@ -53,40 +53,40 @@
 
 TEST(ProjectionSpaceTest, getTransformToSelfIsIdentity) {
     ProjectionSpace space;
-    space.content = Rect(100, 200);
-    space.bounds = Rect(100, 200);
+    space.setContent(Rect(100, 200));
+    space.setBounds(ui::Size(100, 200));
 
     const ui::Transform identity;
     for (int rotation = 0; rotation <= 3; rotation++) {
-        space.orientation = ui::Rotation(rotation);
+        space.setOrientation(ui::Rotation(rotation));
         EXPECT_EQ(space.getTransform(space), identity);
     }
 }
 
 TEST(ProjectionSpaceTest, getTransformWhenTranslationIsNeeded) {
     ProjectionSpace source;
-    source.content = Rect(10, 10, 20, 20);
-    source.bounds = Rect(100, 200);
+    source.setContent(Rect(10, 10, 20, 20));
+    source.setBounds(ui::Size(100, 200));
 
     ProjectionSpace dest;
-    dest.content = Rect(10, 20, 30, 20);
-    dest.bounds = source.bounds;
+    dest.setContent(Rect(10, 20, 30, 20));
+    dest.setBounds(source.getBounds());
 
     const auto transform = source.getTransform(dest);
-    EXPECT_EQ(transform.transform(source.content), dest.content);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transform.transform(source.getContent()), dest.getContent());
 }
 
 TEST(ProjectionSpaceTest, getTransformWhenScaleIsNeeded) {
     ProjectionSpace source;
-    source.content = Rect(0, 0, 20, 20);
-    source.bounds = Rect(100, 200);
+    source.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 20, 20));
+    source.setBounds(ui::Size(100, 200));
 
     ProjectionSpace dest;
-    dest.content = Rect(0, 0, 40, 30);
-    dest.bounds = source.bounds;
+    dest.setContent(Rect(0, 0, 40, 30));
+    dest.setBounds(source.getBounds());
 
     const auto transform = source.getTransform(dest);
-    EXPECT_EQ(transform.transform(source.content), dest.content);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transform.transform(source.getContent()), dest.getContent());
 }
 
 TEST(ProjectionSpaceTest, getSideStripTest) {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 
 void testTransform(const ProjectionSpace& source, const ProjectionSpace& dest) {
     const auto transform = source.getTransform(dest);
-    EXPECT_EQ(transform.transform(source.content), dest.content)
+    EXPECT_EQ(transform.transform(source.getContent()), dest.getContent())
             << "Source content doesn't map to dest content when projecting " << to_string(source)
             << " onto " << to_string(dest);
 
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@
     //      |     |                |       *
     //      +-----+                +-------*
     // source(ROTATION_0)      dest (ROTATION_90)
-    const auto sourceStrip = getSideStrip(source.content, source.orientation);
-    const auto destStrip = getSideStrip(dest.content, dest.orientation);
+    const auto sourceStrip = getSideStrip(source.getContent(), source.getOrientation());
+    const auto destStrip = getSideStrip(dest.getContent(), dest.getOrientation());
     ASSERT_NE(sourceStrip, Rect::INVALID_RECT);
     ASSERT_NE(destStrip, Rect::INVALID_RECT);
     const auto mappedStrip = transform.transform(sourceStrip);
@@ -126,16 +126,16 @@
 
 TEST(ProjectionSpaceTest, getTransformWithOrienations) {
     ProjectionSpace source;
-    source.bounds = Rect(12, 13, 678, 789);
-    source.content = Rect(40, 50, 234, 343);
+    source.setBounds(ui::Size(666, 776));
+    source.setContent(Rect(40, 50, 234, 343));
     ProjectionSpace dest;
-    dest.bounds = Rect(17, 18, 879, 564);
-    dest.content = Rect(43, 52, 432, 213);
+    dest.setBounds(ui::Size(862, 546));
+    dest.setContent(Rect(43, 52, 432, 213));
 
     for (int sourceRot = 0; sourceRot <= 3; sourceRot++) {
-        source.orientation = ui::Rotation(sourceRot);
+        source.setOrientation(ui::Rotation(sourceRot));
         for (int destRot = 0; destRot <= 3; destRot++) {
-            dest.orientation = ui::Rotation(destRot);
+            dest.setOrientation(ui::Rotation(destRot));
             testTransform(source, dest);
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
index 5090bb2..7c8e41b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/RenderSurfaceTest.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 1920;
 constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 1080;
-constexpr DisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId(123u);
+constexpr DisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(123u);
 const std::string DEFAULT_DISPLAY_NAME = "Mock Display";
 
 using testing::_;
@@ -201,28 +201,28 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, prepareFrameHandlesMixedComposition) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_MIXED))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::CompositionType::Mixed))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
 
     mSurface.prepareFrame(true, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, prepareFrameHandlesOnlyGpuComposition) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_GPU))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::CompositionType::Gpu))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
 
     mSurface.prepareFrame(true, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, prepareFrameHandlesOnlyHwcComposition) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_HWC))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::CompositionType::Hwc))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
 
     mSurface.prepareFrame(false, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderSurfaceTest, prepareFrameHandlesNoComposition) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_HWC))
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mDisplaySurface, prepareFrame(DisplaySurface::CompositionType::Hwc))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
 
     mSurface.prepareFrame(false, false);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/TestUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/TestUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c80fde6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/TestUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <future>
+
+namespace android::compositionengine {
+namespace {
+
+template <class T>
+std::future<T> futureOf(T obj) {
+    std::promise<T> resultPromise;
+    std::future<T> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    resultPromise.set_value(std::move(obj));
+    return resultFuture;
+}
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
index ec81322..42b3d97 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/CachedSetTest.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <memory>
 
+#include "tests/TestUtils.h"
+
 namespace android::compositionengine {
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@
         // set up minimium params needed for rendering
         mOutputState.dataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
         mOutputState.framebufferSpace = ProjectionSpace(ui::Size(10, 20), Rect(10, 5));
-        mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
+        mOutputState.framebufferSpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_90);
         mOutputState.layerStackSpace = ProjectionSpace(ui::Size(20, 10), Rect(5, 10));
     }
 }
@@ -342,19 +344,19 @@
     clientCompList2.push_back({});
     clientCompList2[0].alpha = 0.75f;
 
-    const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.content, displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content, displaySettings.clip);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation),
+    const auto drawLayers =
+            [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
+                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.clip);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation()),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0]->alpha);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1]->alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0].alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1].alpha);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::SRGB, displaySettings.outputDataspace);
-
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE1,
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2,
                 prepareClientCompositionList(ClientCompositionTargetSettingsSecureEq(false)))
             .WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
     mOutputState.isSecure = false;
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
     expectReadyBuffer(cachedSet);
@@ -394,19 +396,20 @@
     clientCompList2.push_back({});
     clientCompList2[0].alpha = 0.75f;
 
-    const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.content, displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content, displaySettings.clip);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation),
+    const auto drawLayers =
+            [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
+                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.clip);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation()),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0]->alpha);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1]->alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0].alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1].alpha);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::SRGB, displaySettings.outputDataspace);
 
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE1,
@@ -415,7 +418,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2,
                 prepareClientCompositionList(ClientCompositionTargetSettingsSecureEq(true)))
             .WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
     mOutputState.isSecure = true;
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
     expectReadyBuffer(cachedSet);
@@ -448,24 +451,25 @@
 
     mOutputState.framebufferSpace = ProjectionSpace(ui::Size(10, 20), Rect(2, 3, 10, 5));
 
-    const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.content, displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
-        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.content, displaySettings.clip);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation),
+    const auto drawLayers =
+            [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
+                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
+        EXPECT_EQ(mOutputState.layerStackSpace.getContent(), displaySettings.clip);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(mOutputState.framebufferSpace.getOrientation()),
                   displaySettings.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0]->alpha);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1]->alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.5f, layers[0].alpha);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.75f, layers[1].alpha);
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::SRGB, displaySettings.outputDataspace);
 
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE1, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList1));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
     expectReadyBuffer(cachedSet);
 
@@ -650,33 +654,34 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE3, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList3));
 
-    const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
+    const auto drawLayers =
+            [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
+                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         // If the highlight layer is enabled, it will increase the size by 1.
         // We're interested in the third layer either way.
         EXPECT_GE(layers.size(), 4u);
         {
-            const auto* holePunchSettings = layers[3];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchSettings = layers[3];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings.alpha);
         }
 
         {
-            const auto* holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings.alpha);
         }
 
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
 }
 
@@ -710,34 +715,35 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE2, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList2));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layerFE3, prepareClientCompositionList(_)).WillOnce(Return(clientCompList3));
 
-    const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> size_t {
+    const auto drawLayers =
+            [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
+                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         // If the highlight layer is enabled, it will increase the size by 1.
         // We're interested in the third layer either way.
         EXPECT_GE(layers.size(), 4u);
 
         {
-            const auto* holePunchSettings = layers[3];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchSettings = layers[3];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(holePunchSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, holePunchSettings.alpha);
         }
 
         {
-            const auto* holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.buffer.buffer);
-            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings->source.solidColor);
-            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings->disableBlending);
-            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings->alpha);
+            const auto holePunchBackgroundSettings = layers[0];
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.buffer.buffer);
+            EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), holePunchBackgroundSettings.source.solidColor);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(holePunchBackgroundSettings.disableBlending);
+            EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, holePunchBackgroundSettings.alpha);
         }
 
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
 }
 
@@ -859,22 +865,23 @@
                                 BackgroundBlurOnly)))
             .WillOnce(Return(clientCompList3));
 
-    const auto drawLayers = [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
-                                const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                                base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> int32_t {
+    const auto drawLayers =
+            [&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layers,
+                const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         // If the highlight layer is enabled, it will increase the size by 1.
         // We're interested in the third layer either way.
         EXPECT_GE(layers.size(), 3u);
-        const auto* blurSettings = layers[2];
-        EXPECT_TRUE(blurSettings->skipContentDraw);
-        EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), blurSettings->source.solidColor);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, blurSettings->alpha);
+        const auto blurSettings = layers[2];
+        EXPECT_TRUE(blurSettings.skipContentDraw);
+        EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), blurSettings.source.solidColor);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, blurSettings.alpha);
 
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
     };
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(drawLayers));
     cachedSet.render(mRenderEngine, mTexturePool, mOutputState);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
index a28fb2c..35d051e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <chrono>
 
+#include "tests/TestUtils.h"
+
 namespace android::compositionengine {
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using impl::planner::CachedSet;
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@
         // set up minimium params needed for rendering
         mOutputState.dataspace = ui::Dataspace::SRGB;
         mOutputState.framebufferSpace = ProjectionSpace(ui::Size(10, 20), Rect(10, 5));
-        mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
+        mOutputState.framebufferSpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_90);
     }
 }
 
@@ -167,7 +169,9 @@
 
 void FlattenerTest::expectAllLayersFlattened(const std::vector<const LayerState*>& layers) {
     // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
@@ -220,6 +224,22 @@
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_ActiveLayersWithLowFpsAreFlattened) {
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.fps = Flattener::kFpsActiveThreshold / 2;
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.fps = Flattener::kFpsActiveThreshold;
+
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+    auto& layerState2 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState1.get(),
+            layerState2.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+    expectAllLayersFlattened(layers);
+}
+
 TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_basicFlatten) {
     auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
     auto& layerState2 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
@@ -401,7 +421,9 @@
     // caleed for Layer2 and Layer3
     layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -423,7 +445,9 @@
     layerState1->incrementFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
     mTime += 200ms;
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -474,7 +498,9 @@
     // called for Layer1 and Layer2
     layerState3->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -487,11 +513,13 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer5);
 
     // Layers 1 and 2 will be flattened a new drawFrame would be called for Layer4 and Layer5
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_90;
+    mOutputState.framebufferSpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_90);
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
@@ -504,7 +532,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_180;
+    mOutputState.framebufferSpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_180);
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
@@ -515,8 +543,9 @@
 
     layerState3->incrementFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
     mTime += 200ms;
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -531,7 +560,7 @@
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
-    mOutputState.framebufferSpace.orientation = ui::ROTATION_270;
+    mOutputState.framebufferSpace.setOrientation(ui::ROTATION_270);
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
@@ -570,7 +599,9 @@
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
 
     // This will render a CachedSet.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
@@ -580,7 +611,7 @@
 
     // This time we merge the CachedSet in, so we have a new hash, and we should
     // only have two sets.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -632,7 +663,9 @@
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
 
     // This will render a CachedSet.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
@@ -642,7 +675,7 @@
 
     // This time we merge the CachedSet in, so we have a new hash, and we should
     // only have two sets.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -660,6 +693,145 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(peekThroughLayer1, peekThroughLayer2);
 }
 
+// A test that verifies the hole puch optimization can be done on a single layer.
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_holePunchSingleLayer) {
+    mTestLayers[0]->outputLayerCompositionState.displayFrame = Rect(0, 0, 5, 5);
+
+    // An opaque static background
+    auto& layerState0 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer0 = layerState0->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    // a rounded updating layer
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer1 = layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mTestLayers[1]->layerFE, hasRoundedCorners()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+
+    std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> clientCompositionList = {
+            LayerFE::LayerSettings{},
+    };
+    clientCompositionList[0].source.buffer.buffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.buffer,
+                                           mRenderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mTestLayers[1]->layerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+            .WillOnce(Return(clientCompositionList));
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState0.get(),
+            layerState1.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    // layer 1 satisfies every condition in CachedSet::requiresHolePunch()
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate(); // it is updating
+
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    // Expect no cache invalidation the first time (there's no cache yet)
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+
+    // This will render a CachedSet of layer 0. Though it is just one layer, it satisfies the
+    // exception that there would be a hole punch above it.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer0);
+
+    // This time we merge the CachedSet in and we should still have only two sets.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer0); // got overridden
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1); // did not
+
+    // expect 0's peek though layer to be 1's output layer
+    const auto* peekThroughLayer0 =
+            layerState0->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.peekThroughLayer;
+    const auto* peekThroughLayer1 =
+            layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.peekThroughLayer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(&mTestLayers[1]->outputLayer, peekThroughLayer0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, peekThroughLayer1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_holePunchSingleColorLayer) {
+    mTestLayers[0]->outputLayerCompositionState.displayFrame = Rect(0, 0, 5, 5);
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.color = half4(255.f, 0.f, 0.f, 255.f);
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.buffer = nullptr;
+
+    // An opaque static background
+    auto& layerState0 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer0 = layerState0->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    // a rounded updating layer
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer1 = layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mTestLayers[1]->layerFE, hasRoundedCorners()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+
+    std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> clientCompositionList = {
+            LayerFE::LayerSettings{},
+    };
+    clientCompositionList[0].source.buffer.buffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.buffer,
+                                           mRenderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mTestLayers[1]->layerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+            .WillOnce(Return(clientCompositionList));
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState0.get(),
+            layerState1.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    // layer 1 satisfies every condition in CachedSet::requiresHolePunch()
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate(); // it is updating
+
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    // Expect no cache invalidation the first time (there's no cache yet)
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+
+    // This will render a CachedSet of layer 0. Though it is just one layer, it satisfies the
+    // exception that there would be a hole punch above it.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer0);
+
+    // This time we merge the CachedSet in and we should still have only two sets.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer0); // got overridden
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1); // did not
+
+    // expect 0's peek though layer to be 1's output layer
+    const auto* peekThroughLayer0 =
+            layerState0->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.peekThroughLayer;
+    const auto* peekThroughLayer1 =
+            layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.peekThroughLayer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(&mTestLayers[1]->outputLayer, peekThroughLayer0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, peekThroughLayer1);
+}
+
 TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_flattensBlurBehindRunIfFirstRun) {
     auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
 
@@ -685,7 +857,9 @@
     layerState3->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
 
     // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
@@ -729,7 +903,9 @@
     layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
 
     // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillRepeatedly(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillRepeatedly(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
@@ -781,7 +957,9 @@
     layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
 
     // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
@@ -828,7 +1006,9 @@
     layerStateWithBlurBehind->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate();
 
     // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
@@ -869,7 +1049,9 @@
     // Mark the layers inactive
     mTime += 200ms;
     // layers would be flattened but the buffer would not be overridden
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
 
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
@@ -881,7 +1063,7 @@
 
     // Simulate attempting to render prior to merging the new cached set with the layer stack.
     // Here we should not try to re-render.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     // We provide the override buffer now that it's rendered
@@ -928,13 +1110,15 @@
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < kMaxDeferRenderAttempts; i++) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+        EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
         mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState,
                                      std::chrono::steady_clock::now() -
                                              (kCachedSetRenderDuration + 10ms));
     }
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState,
                                  std::chrono::steady_clock::now() -
                                          (kCachedSetRenderDuration + 10ms));
@@ -968,7 +1152,9 @@
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
 
     // This will render a CachedSet.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
@@ -978,7 +1164,7 @@
 
     // This time we merge the CachedSet in, so we have a new hash, and we should
     // only have two sets.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -1017,7 +1203,9 @@
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
 
     // This will render a CachedSet.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
@@ -1027,7 +1215,7 @@
 
     // This time we merge the CachedSet in, so we have a new hash, and we should
     // only have two sets.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -1066,7 +1254,9 @@
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
 
     // This will render a CachedSet.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
     mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
 
     // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
@@ -1076,7 +1266,7 @@
 
     // This time we merge the CachedSet in, so we have a new hash, and we should
     // only have two sets.
-    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
     initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
     EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
               mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
@@ -1087,5 +1277,61 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_skipsColorLayers) {
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer1 = layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    auto& layerState2 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer2 = layerState2->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    auto& layerState3 = mTestLayers[2]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer3 = layerState3->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    auto& layerState4 = mTestLayers[3]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer4 = layerState4->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    // Rewrite the first two layers to just be a solid color.
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.color = half4(255.f, 0.f, 0.f, 255.f);
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.buffer = nullptr;
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.color = half4(0.f, 255.f, 0.f, 255.f);
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.buffer = nullptr;
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState1.get(),
+            layerState2.get(),
+            layerState3.get(),
+            layerState4.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+
+    // This will render a CachedSet.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer4);
+
+    // This time we merge the CachedSet in, so we have a new hash, and we should
+    // only have two sets.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer3, overrideBuffer4);
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer4);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::compositionengine
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/ContainerLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/ContainerLayer.cpp
index 841e79f..3ccc229 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/ContainerLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/ContainerLayer.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@
 
 sp<Layer> ContainerLayer::createClone() {
     sp<ContainerLayer> layer = mFlinger->getFactory().createContainerLayer(
-            LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, 0, 0,
-                              LayerMetadata()));
+            LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, LayerMetadata()));
     layer->setInitialValuesForClone(this);
     return layer;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 4445eea..76bbe2c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
 }
 
 int DisplayDevice::getWidth() const {
-    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().displaySpace.bounds.getWidth();
+    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().displaySpace.getBounds().width;
 }
 
 int DisplayDevice::getHeight() const {
-    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().displaySpace.bounds.getHeight();
+    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().displaySpace.getBounds().height;
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::setDisplayName(const std::string& displayName) {
@@ -139,6 +139,34 @@
     return mCompositionDisplay->getRenderSurface()->getPageFlipCount();
 }
 
+std::pair<gui::DisplayInfo, ui::Transform> DisplayDevice::getInputInfo() const {
+    gui::DisplayInfo info;
+    info.displayId = getLayerStack().id;
+
+    // The physical orientation is set when the orientation of the display panel is
+    // different than the default orientation of the device. Other services like
+    // InputFlinger do not know about this, so we do not need to expose the physical
+    // orientation of the panel outside of SurfaceFlinger.
+    const ui::Rotation inversePhysicalOrientation = ui::ROTATION_0 - mPhysicalOrientation;
+    auto width = getWidth();
+    auto height = getHeight();
+    if (inversePhysicalOrientation == ui::ROTATION_90 ||
+        inversePhysicalOrientation == ui::ROTATION_270) {
+        std::swap(width, height);
+    }
+    const ui::Transform undoPhysicalOrientation(ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(
+                                                        inversePhysicalOrientation),
+                                                width, height);
+    const auto& displayTransform = undoPhysicalOrientation * getTransform();
+    // Send the inverse display transform to input so it can convert display coordinates to
+    // logical display.
+    info.transform = displayTransform.inverse();
+
+    info.logicalWidth = getLayerStackSpaceRect().width();
+    info.logicalHeight = getLayerStackSpaceRect().height();
+    return {info, displayTransform};
+}
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void DisplayDevice::setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode mode) {
     mPowerMode = mode;
@@ -232,7 +260,7 @@
 }
 
 void DisplayDevice::setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack stack) {
-    mCompositionDisplay->setLayerStackFilter(stack, isInternal());
+    mCompositionDisplay->setLayerFilter({stack, isInternal()});
     if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
         mRefreshRateOverlay->setLayerStack(stack);
     }
@@ -262,13 +290,15 @@
     if (!orientedDisplaySpaceRect.isValid()) {
         // The destination frame can be invalid if it has never been set,
         // in that case we assume the whole display size.
-        orientedDisplaySpaceRect = getCompositionDisplay()->getState().displaySpace.bounds;
+        orientedDisplaySpaceRect =
+                getCompositionDisplay()->getState().displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect();
     }
 
     if (layerStackSpaceRect.isEmpty()) {
         // The layerStackSpaceRect can be invalid if it has never been set, in that case
         // we assume the whole framebuffer size.
-        layerStackSpaceRect = getCompositionDisplay()->getState().framebufferSpace.bounds;
+        layerStackSpaceRect =
+                getCompositionDisplay()->getState().framebufferSpace.getBoundsAsRect();
         if (orientation == ui::ROTATION_90 || orientation == ui::ROTATION_270) {
             std::swap(layerStackSpaceRect.right, layerStackSpaceRect.bottom);
         }
@@ -336,8 +366,8 @@
     return mCompositionDisplay->isSecure();
 }
 
-const Rect& DisplayDevice::getBounds() const {
-    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().displaySpace.bounds;
+const Rect DisplayDevice::getBounds() const {
+    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().displaySpace.getBoundsAsRect();
 }
 
 const Region& DisplayDevice::getUndefinedRegion() const {
@@ -349,7 +379,7 @@
 }
 
 ui::LayerStack DisplayDevice::getLayerStack() const {
-    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().layerStackId;
+    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().layerFilter.layerStack;
 }
 
 ui::Transform::RotationFlags DisplayDevice::getTransformHint() const {
@@ -361,11 +391,11 @@
 }
 
 const Rect& DisplayDevice::getLayerStackSpaceRect() const {
-    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().layerStackSpace.content;
+    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().layerStackSpace.getContent();
 }
 
 const Rect& DisplayDevice::getOrientedDisplaySpaceRect() const {
-    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().orientedDisplaySpace.content;
+    return mCompositionDisplay->getState().orientedDisplaySpace.getContent();
 }
 
 bool DisplayDevice::hasWideColorGamut() const {
@@ -436,9 +466,9 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-void DisplayDevice::onInvalidate() {
+void DisplayDevice::animateRefreshRateOverlay() {
     if (mRefreshRateOverlay) {
-        mRefreshRateOverlay->onInvalidate();
+        mRefreshRateOverlay->animate();
     }
 }
 
@@ -453,7 +483,7 @@
     std::scoped_lock lock(mActiveModeLock);
     if (mDesiredActiveModeChanged) {
         // If a mode change is pending, just cache the latest request in mDesiredActiveMode
-        const Scheduler::ModeEvent prevConfig = mDesiredActiveMode.event;
+        const auto prevConfig = mDesiredActiveMode.event;
         mDesiredActiveMode = info;
         mDesiredActiveMode.event = mDesiredActiveMode.event | prevConfig;
         return false;
@@ -478,7 +508,7 @@
 
 void DisplayDevice::clearDesiredActiveModeState() {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mActiveModeLock);
-    mDesiredActiveMode.event = Scheduler::ModeEvent::None;
+    mDesiredActiveMode.event = scheduler::DisplayModeEvent::None;
     mDesiredActiveModeChanged = false;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index 4d435c7..324145e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -86,9 +86,7 @@
 
     bool isVirtual() const { return !mConnectionType; }
     bool isPrimary() const { return mIsPrimary; }
-    bool isInternal() const {
-        return !isVirtual() && mConnectionType == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal;
-    }
+    bool isInternal() const { return mConnectionType == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal; }
 
     // isSecure indicates whether this display can be trusted to display
     // secure surfaces.
@@ -158,8 +156,8 @@
     // Return true if intent is supported by the display.
     bool hasRenderIntent(ui::RenderIntent intent) const;
 
-    const Rect& getBounds() const;
-    const Rect& bounds() const { return getBounds(); }
+    const Rect getBounds() const;
+    const Rect bounds() const { return getBounds(); }
 
     void setDisplayName(const std::string& displayName);
     const std::string& getDisplayName() const { return mDisplayName; }
@@ -169,6 +167,10 @@
         return mDeviceProductInfo;
     }
 
+    // Get the DisplayInfo that will be sent to InputFlinger, and the display transform that should
+    // be applied to all the input windows on the display.
+    std::pair<gui::DisplayInfo, ui::Transform> getInputInfo() const;
+
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Display power mode management.
      */
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@
 
     struct ActiveModeInfo {
         DisplayModePtr mode;
-        scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent event = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent::None;
+        scheduler::DisplayModeEvent event = scheduler::DisplayModeEvent::None;
 
         bool operator!=(const ActiveModeInfo& other) const {
             return mode != other.mode || event != other.event;
@@ -232,7 +234,7 @@
     void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable, bool showSpinner);
     bool isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled() const { return mRefreshRateOverlay != nullptr; }
     bool onKernelTimerChanged(std::optional<DisplayModeId>, bool timerExpired);
-    void onInvalidate();
+    void animateRefreshRateOverlay();
 
     void onVsync(nsecs_t timestamp);
     nsecs_t getVsyncPeriodFromHWC() const;
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@
 
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mLastHwVsync = 0;
 
-    // TODO(b/74619554): Remove special cases for primary display.
+    // TODO(b/182939859): Remove special cases for primary display.
     const bool mIsPrimary;
 
     uint32_t mFlags = 0;
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@
     int32_t sequenceId = sNextSequenceId++;
     std::optional<Physical> physical;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> surface;
-    ui::LayerStack layerStack = ui::NO_LAYER_STACK;
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack;
     uint32_t flags = 0;
     Rect layerStackSpaceRect;
     Rect orientedDisplaySpaceRect;
@@ -354,16 +356,4 @@
     DisplayModeId activeModeId;
 };
 
-// Predicates for display lookup.
-
-struct WithLayerStack {
-    explicit WithLayerStack(ui::LayerStack layerStack) : layerStack(layerStack) {}
-
-    bool operator()(const DisplayDevice& display) const {
-        return display.getLayerStack() == layerStack;
-    }
-
-    ui::LayerStack layerStack;
-};
-
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..200bb65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "HwcComposer"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "AidlComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <android/binder_ibinder_platform.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/BnComposerCallback.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using hardware::hidl_handle;
+using hardware::hidl_vec;
+using hardware::Return;
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::BnComposerCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Capability;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PowerMode;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VirtualDisplay;
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::command::CommandResultPayload;
+
+using AidlColorMode = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ColorMode;
+using AidlContentType = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ContentType;
+using AidlDisplayIdentification =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayIdentification;
+using AidlDisplayContentSample = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayContentSample;
+using AidlDisplayAttribute = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayAttribute;
+using AidlDisplayCapability = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayCapability;
+using AidlHdrCapabilities = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::HdrCapabilities;
+using AidlPerFrameMetadata = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadata;
+using AidlPerFrameMetadataKey = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataKey;
+using AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataBlob;
+using AidlRenderIntent = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::RenderIntent;
+using AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints;
+using AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline;
+using AidlLayerGenericMetadataKey =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::LayerGenericMetadataKey;
+using AidlDisplayContentSamplingAttributes =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayContentSamplingAttributes;
+using AidlFormatColorComponent = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::FormatColorComponent;
+using AidlDisplayConnectionType =
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::DisplayConnectionType;
+using AidlIComposerClient = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::IComposerClient;
+
+using AidlColorTransform = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::ColorTransform;
+using AidlDataspace = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace;
+using AidlFRect = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::FRect;
+using AidlRect = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Rect;
+using AidlTransform = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Transform;
+
+namespace Hwc2 {
+
+namespace {
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+To translate(From x) {
+    return static_cast<To>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+std::vector<To> translate(const std::vector<From>& in) {
+    std::vector<To> out;
+    out.reserve(in.size());
+    std::transform(in.begin(), in.end(), std::back_inserter(out),
+                   [](From x) { return translate<To>(x); });
+    return out;
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlRect translate(IComposerClient::Rect x) {
+    return AidlRect{
+            .left = x.left,
+            .top = x.top,
+            .right = x.right,
+            .bottom = x.bottom,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlFRect translate(IComposerClient::FRect x) {
+    return AidlFRect{
+            .left = x.left,
+            .top = x.top,
+            .right = x.right,
+            .bottom = x.bottom,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+Color translate(IComposerClient::Color x) {
+    return Color{
+            .r = static_cast<int8_t>(x.r),
+            .g = static_cast<int8_t>(x.g),
+            .b = static_cast<int8_t>(x.b),
+            .a = static_cast<int8_t>(x.a),
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob translate(IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob x) {
+    AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob blob;
+    blob.key = translate<AidlPerFrameMetadataKey>(x.key),
+    std::copy(blob.blob.begin(), blob.blob.end(), x.blob.begin());
+    return blob;
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlPerFrameMetadata translate(IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata x) {
+    return AidlPerFrameMetadata{
+            .key = translate<AidlPerFrameMetadataKey>(x.key),
+            .value = x.value,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+DisplayedFrameStats translate(AidlDisplayContentSample x) {
+    return DisplayedFrameStats{
+            .numFrames = static_cast<uint64_t>(x.frameCount),
+            .component_0_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent0),
+            .component_1_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent1),
+            .component_2_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent2),
+            .component_3_sample = translate<uint64_t>(x.sampleComponent3),
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints translate(IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints x) {
+    return AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints{
+            .desiredTimeNanos = x.desiredTimeNanos,
+            .seamlessRequired = x.seamlessRequired,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline translate(AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline x) {
+    return VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline{
+            .newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos = x.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos,
+            .refreshRequired = x.refreshRequired,
+            .refreshTimeNanos = x.refreshTimeNanos,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey translate(AidlLayerGenericMetadataKey x) {
+    return IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey{
+            .name = x.name,
+            .mandatory = x.mandatory,
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty translate(ClientTargetProperty x) {
+    return IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty{
+            .pixelFormat = translate<PixelFormat>(x.pixelFormat),
+            .dataspace = translate<Dataspace>(x.dataspace),
+    };
+}
+
+mat4 makeMat4(std::vector<float> in) {
+    return mat4(static_cast<const float*>(in.data()));
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+class AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper : public BnComposerCallback {
+public:
+    AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper(sp<V2_4::IComposerCallback> callback)
+          : mCallback(std::move(callback)) {}
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onHotplug(int64_t in_display, bool in_connected) override {
+        const auto connection = in_connected ? V2_4::IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED
+                                             : V2_4::IComposerCallback::Connection::DISCONNECTED;
+        mCallback->onHotplug(translate<Display>(in_display), connection);
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onRefresh(int64_t in_display) override {
+        mCallback->onRefresh(translate<Display>(in_display));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onSeamlessPossible(int64_t in_display) override {
+        mCallback->onSeamlessPossible(translate<Display>(in_display));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onVsync(int64_t in_display, int64_t in_timestamp,
+                                 int32_t in_vsyncPeriodNanos) override {
+        mCallback->onVsync_2_4(translate<Display>(in_display), in_timestamp,
+                               static_cast<uint32_t>(in_vsyncPeriodNanos));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(
+            int64_t in_display, const AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& in_updatedTimeline) override {
+        mCallback->onVsyncPeriodTimingChanged(translate<Display>(in_display),
+                                              translate<V2_4::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline>(
+                                                      in_updatedTimeline));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+private:
+    sp<V2_4::IComposerCallback> mCallback;
+};
+
+std::string AidlComposer::instance(const std::string& serviceName) {
+    return std::string(AidlIComposer::descriptor) + "/" + serviceName;
+}
+
+bool AidlComposer::isDeclared(const std::string& serviceName) {
+    return AServiceManager_isDeclared(instance(serviceName).c_str());
+}
+
+AidlComposer::AidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName) {
+    // This only waits if the service is actually declared
+    mAidlComposer = AidlIComposer::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(instance(serviceName).c_str())));
+    if (!mAidlComposer) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Failed to get AIDL composer service");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!mAidlComposer->createClient(&mAidlComposerClient).isOk()) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Can't create AidlComposerClient, fallback to HIDL");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("Loaded AIDL composer3 HAL service");
+}
+
+AidlComposer::~AidlComposer() = default;
+
+std::vector<IComposer::Capability> AidlComposer::getCapabilities() {
+    std::vector<Capability> capabilities;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposer->getCapabilities(&capabilities);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getCapabilities failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+    return translate<IComposer::Capability>(capabilities);
+}
+
+std::string AidlComposer::dumpDebugInfo() {
+    std::string info;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposer->dumpDebugInfo(&info);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("dumpDebugInfo failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+    return info;
+}
+
+void AidlComposer::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) {
+    if (mAidlComposerCallback) {
+        ALOGE("Callback already registered");
+    }
+    mAidlComposerCallback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper>(callback);
+    AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(mAidlComposerCallback->asBinder().get(), SCHED_FIFO, 2);
+
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->registerCallback(mAidlComposerCallback);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("registerCallback failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+void AidlComposer::resetCommands() {
+    mWriter.reset();
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::executeCommands() {
+    return execute();
+}
+
+uint32_t AidlComposer::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() {
+    int32_t count = 0;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&count);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getMaxVirtualDisplayCount failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(count);
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                                         Display* outDisplay) {
+    using AidlPixelFormat = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+    const int32_t bufferSlotCount = 1;
+    VirtualDisplay virtualDisplay;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(static_cast<int32_t>(width),
+                                                      static_cast<int32_t>(height),
+                                                      static_cast<AidlPixelFormat>(*format),
+                                                      bufferSlotCount, &virtualDisplay);
+
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("createVirtualDisplay failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outDisplay = translate<Display>(virtualDisplay.display);
+    *format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(virtualDisplay.format);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("destroyVirtualDisplay failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) {
+    mWriter.acceptDisplayChanges(translate<int64_t>(display));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) {
+    int64_t layer;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->createLayer(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                         kMaxLayerBufferCount, &layer);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("createLayer failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outLayer = translate<Layer>(layer);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->destroyLayer(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                          translate<int64_t>(layer));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("destroyLayer failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) {
+    int32_t config;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getActiveConfig(translate<int64_t>(display), &config);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getActiveConfig failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outConfig = translate<Config>(config);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getChangedCompositionTypes(
+        Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) {
+    std::vector<int64_t> layers;
+    std::vector<Composition> types;
+    mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(translate<int64_t>(display), &layers, &types);
+
+    *outLayers = translate<Layer>(layers);
+    *outTypes = translate<IComposerClient::Composition>(types);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) {
+    std::vector<AidlColorMode> modes;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getColorModes(translate<int64_t>(display), &modes);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getColorModes failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outModes = translate<ColorMode>(modes);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                     translate<int32_t>(config),
+                                                     static_cast<AidlDisplayAttribute>(attribute),
+                                                     outValue);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayAttribute failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs) {
+    std::vector<int32_t> configs;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(translate<int64_t>(display), &configs);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayConfigs failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outConfigs = translate<Config>(configs);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayName(translate<int64_t>(display), outName);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayName failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                                       std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                       std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    std::vector<int64_t> layers;
+    mReader.takeDisplayRequests(translate<int64_t>(display), outDisplayRequestMask, &layers,
+                                outLayerRequestMasks);
+    *outLayers = translate<Layer>(layers);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDozeSupport(translate<int64_t>(display), outSupport);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDozeSupport failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes,
+                                       float* outMaxLuminance, float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                       float* outMinLuminance) {
+    AidlHdrCapabilities capabilities;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(translate<int64_t>(display), &capabilities);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getHdrCapabilities failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outTypes = translate<Hdr>(capabilities.types);
+    *outMaxLuminance = capabilities.maxLuminance;
+    *outMaxAverageLuminance = capabilities.maxAverageLuminance;
+    *outMinLuminance = capabilities.minLuminance;
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    std::vector<int64_t> layers;
+    mReader.takeReleaseFences(translate<int64_t>(display), &layers, outReleaseFences);
+    *outLayers = translate<Layer>(layers);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentDisplay");
+    mWriter.presentDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentFence(translate<int64_t>(display), outPresentFence);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setActiveConfig(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                             translate<int32_t>(config));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setActiveConfig failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                                    int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                                    const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (target.get()) {
+        handle = target->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setClientTarget(translate<int64_t>(display), slot, handle, acquireFence,
+                            translate<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace>(
+                                    dataspace),
+                            translate<AidlRect>(damage));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setColorMode(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                              translate<AidlColorMode>(mode),
+                                              translate<AidlRenderIntent>(renderIntent));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setColorMode failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) {
+    mWriter.setColorTransform(translate<int64_t>(display), matrix,
+                              translate<AidlColorTransform>(hint));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                                    int releaseFence) {
+    mWriter.setOutputBuffer(translate<int64_t>(display), 0, buffer, dup(releaseFence));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setPowerMode(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                          translate<PowerMode>(mode));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setPowerMode failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) {
+    const bool enableVsync = enabled == IComposerClient::Vsync::ENABLE;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setVsyncEnabled(translate<int64_t>(display), enableVsync);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setVsyncEnabled failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) {
+    const int32_t bufferSlotCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                                      bufferSlotCount);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setClientTargetSlotCount failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                    uint32_t* outNumRequests) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.validateDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.hasChanges(translate<int64_t>(display), outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                             uint32_t* outNumRequests, int* outPresentFence,
+                                             uint32_t* state) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentOrValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.presentOrvalidateDisplay(translate<int64_t>(display));
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentOrValidateStage(translate<int64_t>(display), state);
+
+    if (*state == 1) { // Present succeeded
+        mReader.takePresentFence(translate<int64_t>(display), outPresentFence);
+    }
+
+    if (*state == 0) { // Validate succeeded.
+        mReader.hasChanges(translate<int64_t>(display), outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+    }
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) {
+    mWriter.setLayerCursorPosition(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer), x, y);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) {
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (buffer.get()) {
+        handle = buffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setLayerBuffer(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer), slot, handle,
+                           acquireFence);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                                  translate<AidlRect>(damage));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                      IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) {
+    mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                              translate<BlendMode>(mode));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  const IComposerClient::Color& color) {
+    mWriter.setLayerColor(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                          translate<Color>(color));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                            IComposerClient::Composition type) {
+    mWriter.setLayerCompositionType(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                                    translate<Composition>(type));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) {
+    mWriter.setLayerDataspace(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                              translate<AidlDataspace>(dataspace));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                         const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) {
+    mWriter.setLayerDisplayFrame(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                                 translate<AidlRect>(frame));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) {
+    mWriter.setLayerPlaneAlpha(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer), alpha);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                           const native_handle_t* stream) {
+    mWriter.setLayerSidebandStream(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer), stream);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                       const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) {
+    mWriter.setLayerSourceCrop(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                               translate<AidlFRect>(crop));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) {
+    mWriter.setLayerTransform(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                              translate<AidlTransform>(transform));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) {
+    mWriter.setLayerVisibleRegion(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                                  translate<AidlRect>(visible));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) {
+    mWriter.setLayerZOrder(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer), z);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::execute() {
+    const auto& commands = mWriter.getPendingCommands();
+    if (commands.empty()) {
+        mWriter.reset();
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<CommandResultPayload> results;
+    auto status = mAidlComposerClient->executeCommands(commands, &results);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("executeCommands failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    mReader.parse(results);
+    const auto commandErrors = mReader.takeErrors();
+    Error error = Error::NONE;
+    for (const auto& cmdErr : commandErrors) {
+        const auto index = static_cast<size_t>(cmdErr.commandIndex);
+        if (index < 0 || index >= commands.size()) {
+            ALOGE("invalid command index %zu", index);
+            return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+        }
+
+        const auto& command = commands[index];
+        if (command.getTag() == command::CommandPayload::Tag::displayCommand) {
+            const auto& displayCommand =
+                    command.get<command::CommandPayload::Tag::displayCommand>();
+            if (displayCommand.validateDisplay || displayCommand.presentDisplay ||
+                displayCommand.presentOrValidateDisplay) {
+                error = translate<Error>(cmdErr.errorCode);
+            } else {
+                ALOGW("command '%s' generated error %" PRId32, command.toString().c_str(),
+                      cmdErr.errorCode);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mWriter.reset();
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) {
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                                     translate<AidlPerFrameMetadata>(perFrameMetadatas));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> AidlComposer::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+        Display display) {
+    std::vector<AidlPerFrameMetadataKey> keys;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(translate<int64_t>(display), &keys);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+    return translate<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>(keys);
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                                     std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) {
+    std::vector<AidlRenderIntent> renderIntents;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getRenderIntents(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                              translate<AidlColorMode>(colorMode),
+                                                              &renderIntents);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getRenderIntents failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outRenderIntents = translate<RenderIntent>(renderIntents);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) {
+    std::vector<float> matrix;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(translate<AidlDataspace>(dataspace),
+                                                              &matrix);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDataspaceSaturationMatrix failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outMatrix = makeMat4(matrix);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                                 std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) {
+    AidlDisplayIdentification displayIdentification;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                              &displayIdentification);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayIdentificationData failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outPort = static_cast<uint8_t>(displayIdentification.port);
+    *outData = displayIdentification.data;
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) {
+    mWriter.setLayerColorTransform(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer), matrix);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                          Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                          uint8_t* outComponentMask) {
+    if (!outFormat || !outDataspace || !outComponentMask) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    AidlDisplayContentSamplingAttributes attributes;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                                       &attributes);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    *outFormat = translate<PixelFormat>(attributes.format);
+    *outDataspace = translate<Dataspace>(attributes.dataspace);
+    *outComponentMask = static_cast<uint8_t>(attributes.componentMask);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled,
+                                                     uint8_t componentMask, uint64_t maxFrames) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient
+                    ->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(translate<int64_t>(display), enabled,
+                                                         static_cast<AidlFormatColorComponent>(
+                                                                 componentMask),
+                                                         static_cast<int64_t>(maxFrames));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames,
+                                              uint64_t timestamp, DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) {
+    if (!outStats) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    AidlDisplayContentSample sample;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSample(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                           static_cast<int64_t>(maxFrames),
+                                                           static_cast<int64_t>(timestamp),
+                                                           &sample);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayedContentSample failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outStats = translate<DisplayedFrameStats>(sample);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) {
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer),
+                                          translate<AidlPerFrameMetadataBlob>(metadata));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setDisplayBrightness(translate<int64_t>(display), brightness);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setDisplayBrightness failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                           std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) {
+    std::vector<AidlDisplayCapability> capabilities;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(translate<int64_t>(display), &capabilities);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayCapabilities failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outCapabilities = translate<DisplayCapability>(capabilities);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getDisplayConnectionType(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) {
+    AidlDisplayConnectionType type;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayConnectionType(translate<int64_t>(display), &type);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayConnectionType failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outType = translate<IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType>(type);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) {
+    int32_t vsyncPeriod;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(translate<int64_t>(display), &vsyncPeriod);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getDisplayVsyncPeriod failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outVsyncPeriod = translate<VsyncPeriodNanos>(vsyncPeriod);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+        Display display, Config config,
+        const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+        VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) {
+    AidlVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient
+                    ->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                     translate<int32_t>(config),
+                                                     translate<AidlVsyncPeriodChangeConstraints>(
+                                                             vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints),
+                                                     &timeline);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setActiveConfigWithConstraints failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outTimeline = translate<VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline>(timeline);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display display, bool on) {
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->setAutoLowLatencyMode(translate<int64_t>(display), on);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setAutoLowLatencyMode failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getSupportedContentTypes(
+        Display displayId, std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) {
+    std::vector<AidlContentType> types;
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->getSupportedContentTypes(translate<int64_t>(displayId), &types);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getSupportedContentTypes failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outSupportedContentTypes = translate<IComposerClient::ContentType>(types);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setContentType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) {
+    const auto status =
+            mAidlComposerClient->setContentType(translate<int64_t>(display),
+                                                translate<AidlContentType>(contentType));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("setContentType failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                                  const std::string& key, bool mandatory,
+                                                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
+    mWriter.setLayerGenericMetadata(translate<int64_t>(display), translate<int64_t>(layer), key,
+                                    mandatory, value);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error AidlComposer::getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) {
+    std::vector<AidlLayerGenericMetadataKey> keys;
+    const auto status = mAidlComposerClient->getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(&keys);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("getLayerGenericMetadataKeys failed %s", status.getDescription().c_str());
+        return static_cast<V2_4::Error>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+    *outKeys = translate<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>(keys);
+    return V2_4::Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error AidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
+    ClientTargetProperty property;
+    mReader.takeClientTargetProperty(translate<int64_t>(display), &property);
+    *outClientTargetProperty = translate<IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty>(property);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+} // namespace Hwc2
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..418a8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/AidlComposerHal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposer.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposerClient.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/command-buffer.h>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
+
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
+
+using AidlCommandWriterBase = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::CommandWriterBase;
+using AidlCommandReaderBase = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::CommandReaderBase;
+using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::command::CommandResultPayload;
+
+class AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper;
+
+// Composer is a wrapper to IComposer, a proxy to server-side composer.
+class AidlComposer final : public Hwc2::Composer {
+public:
+    static bool isDeclared(const std::string& serviceName);
+
+    explicit AidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName);
+    ~AidlComposer() override;
+
+    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() override;
+    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
+
+    void registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
+
+    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
+    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
+    void resetCommands() override;
+
+    // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
+    Error executeCommands() override;
+
+    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
+    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                               Display* outDisplay) override;
+    Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
+
+    Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
+
+    Error createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) override;
+    Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
+
+    Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) override;
+    Error getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) override;
+    Error getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) override;
+    Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config, IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
+                              int32_t* outValue) override;
+    Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs);
+    Error getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) override;
+
+    Error getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) override;
+
+    Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
+    Error getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
+                             float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance) override;
+
+    Error getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) override;
+
+    Error presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) override;
+
+    Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
+
+    /*
+     * The composer caches client targets internally.  When target is nullptr,
+     * the composer uses slot to look up the client target from its cache.
+     * When target is not nullptr, the cache is updated with the new target.
+     */
+    Error setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                          int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) override;
+    Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) override;
+    Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                          int releaseFence) override;
+    Error setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) override;
+    Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) override;
+
+    Error setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) override;
+
+    Error validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                          uint32_t* outNumRequests) override;
+
+    Error presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes, uint32_t* outNumRequests,
+                                   int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) override;
+
+    Error setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
+    /* see setClientTarget for the purpose of slot */
+    Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) override;
+    Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) override;
+    Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer, const IComposerClient::Color& color) override;
+    Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  IComposerClient::Composition type) override;
+    Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) override;
+    Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                               const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) override;
+    Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) override;
+    Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                 const native_handle_t* stream) override;
+    Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                             const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) override;
+    Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) override;
+    Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) override;
+    Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.2
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) override;
+    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+            Display display) override;
+    Error getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                           std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) override;
+    Error getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.3
+    Error getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) override;
+    Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                uint8_t* outComponentMask) override;
+    Error setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled, uint8_t componentMask,
+                                           uint64_t maxFrames) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
+                                    DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) override;
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) override;
+    Error setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.4
+    bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() override { return true; }
+    Error getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                 std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) override;
+    V2_4::Error setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+            Display display, Config config,
+            const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+            VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) override;
+    V2_4::Error setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display displayId, bool on) override;
+    V2_4::Error getSupportedContentTypes(
+            Display displayId,
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) override;
+    V2_4::Error setContentType(Display displayId,
+                               IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) override;
+    V2_4::Error setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
+                                        bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) override;
+    V2_4::Error getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) override;
+    Error getClientTargetProperty(
+            Display display,
+            IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) override;
+
+private:
+    // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
+    // queue to batch the calls.  validateDisplay and presentDisplay will call
+    // this function to execute the command queue.
+    Error execute();
+
+    // returns the default instance name for the given service
+    static std::string instance(const std::string& serviceName);
+
+    // 64KiB minus a small space for metadata such as read/write pointers
+    static constexpr size_t kWriterInitialSize = 64 * 1024 / sizeof(uint32_t) - 16;
+    // Max number of buffers that may be cached for a given layer
+    // We obtain this number by:
+    // 1. Tightly coupling this cache to the max size of BufferQueue
+    // 2. Adding an additional slot for the layer caching feature in SurfaceFlinger (see: Planner.h)
+    static const constexpr uint32_t kMaxLayerBufferCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS + 1;
+    AidlCommandWriterBase mWriter;
+    AidlCommandReaderBase mReader;
+
+    // Aidl interface
+    using AidlIComposer = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::IComposer;
+    using AidlIComposerClient = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::IComposerClient;
+    std::shared_ptr<AidlIComposer> mAidlComposer;
+    std::shared_ptr<AidlIComposerClient> mAidlComposerClient;
+    std::shared_ptr<AidlIComposerCallbackWrapper> mAidlComposerCallback;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
index 09734c2..d69a923 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
@@ -14,1562 +14,23 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "HwcComposer"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
-#include "ComposerHal.h"
+#include "AidlComposerHal.h"
+#include "HidlComposerHal.h"
 
-#include <composer-command-buffer/2.2/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
-#include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
-#include <hidl/HidlTransportUtils.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cinttypes>
-
-namespace android {
-
-using hardware::Return;
-using hardware::hidl_vec;
-using hardware::hidl_handle;
-
-namespace Hwc2 {
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
 
 Composer::~Composer() = default;
 
-namespace {
-
-class BufferHandle {
-public:
-    explicit BufferHandle(const native_handle_t* buffer) {
-        // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
-        mHandle = (buffer) ? buffer : native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
+std::unique_ptr<Composer> Composer::create(const std::string& serviceName) {
+    if (AidlComposer::isDeclared(serviceName)) {
+        return std::make_unique<AidlComposer>(serviceName);
     }
 
-    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
-    {
-        return mHandle;
-    }
-
-private:
-    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 0, 0);
-    hidl_handle mHandle;
-};
-
-class FenceHandle
-{
-public:
-    FenceHandle(int fd, bool owned)
-        : mOwned(owned)
-    {
-        native_handle_t* handle;
-        if (fd >= 0) {
-            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 1, 0);
-            handle->data[0] = fd;
-        } else {
-            // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
-            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
-        }
-        mHandle = handle;
-    }
-
-    ~FenceHandle()
-    {
-        if (mOwned) {
-            native_handle_close(mHandle);
-        }
-    }
-
-    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
-    {
-        return mHandle;
-    }
-
-private:
-    bool mOwned;
-    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 1, 0);
-    hidl_handle mHandle;
-};
-
-// assume NO_RESOURCES when Status::isOk returns false
-constexpr Error kDefaultError = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-constexpr V2_4::Error kDefaultError_2_4 = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(kDefaultError);
-
-template<typename T, typename U>
-T unwrapRet(Return<T>& ret, const U& default_val)
-{
-    return (ret.isOk()) ? static_cast<T>(ret) :
-        static_cast<T>(default_val);
+    return std::make_unique<HidlComposer>(serviceName);
 }
 
-Error unwrapRet(Return<Error>& ret)
-{
-    return unwrapRet(ret, kDefaultError);
-}
-
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-namespace impl {
-
-Composer::Composer(const std::string& serviceName) : mWriter(kWriterInitialSize) {
-    mComposer = V2_1::IComposer::getService(serviceName);
-
-    if (mComposer == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to get hwcomposer service");
-    }
-
-    if (sp<IComposer> composer_2_4 = IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
-        composer_2_4->createClient_2_4([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
-            if (tmpError == V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-                mClient = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_4 = tmpClient;
-            }
-        });
-    } else if (sp<V2_3::IComposer> composer_2_3 = V2_3::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
-        composer_2_3->createClient_2_3([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
-            if (tmpError == Error::NONE) {
-                mClient = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
-                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
-            }
-        });
-    } else {
-        mComposer->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
-            if (tmpError != Error::NONE) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            mClient = tmpClient;
-            if (sp<V2_2::IComposer> composer_2_2 = V2_2::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
-                mClient_2_2 = V2_2::IComposerClient::castFrom(mClient);
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mClient_2_2 == nullptr,
-                                    "IComposer 2.2 did not return IComposerClient 2.2");
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    if (mClient == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to create composer client");
-    }
-}
-
-Composer::~Composer() = default;
-
-std::vector<IComposer::Capability> Composer::getCapabilities()
-{
-    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> capabilities;
-    mComposer->getCapabilities(
-            [&](const auto& tmpCapabilities) {
-                capabilities = tmpCapabilities;
-            });
-    return capabilities;
-}
-
-std::string Composer::dumpDebugInfo()
-{
-    std::string info;
-    mComposer->dumpDebugInfo([&](const auto& tmpInfo) {
-        info = tmpInfo.c_str();
-    });
-
-    return info;
-}
-
-void Composer::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback)
-{
-    android::hardware::setMinSchedulerPolicy(callback, SCHED_FIFO, 2);
-    auto ret = [&]() {
-        if (mClient_2_4) {
-            return mClient_2_4->registerCallback_2_4(callback);
-        }
-        return mClient->registerCallback(callback);
-    }();
-    if (!ret.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("failed to register IComposerCallback");
-    }
-}
-
-void Composer::resetCommands() {
-    mWriter.reset();
-}
-
-Error Composer::executeCommands() {
-    return execute();
-}
-
-uint32_t Composer::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
-    return unwrapRet(ret, 0);
-}
-
-Error Composer::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
-                                     Display* outDisplay) {
-    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = 1;
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_2) {
-        mClient_2_2->createVirtualDisplay_2_2(width, height,
-                                              static_cast<types::V1_1::PixelFormat>(*format),
-                                              bufferSlotCount,
-                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
-                                                  const auto& tmpFormat) {
-                                                  error = tmpError;
-                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                      return;
-                                                  }
-
-                                                  *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
-                                                  *format = static_cast<types::V1_2::PixelFormat>(
-                                                          tmpFormat);
-                                              });
-    } else {
-        mClient->createVirtualDisplay(width, height,
-                static_cast<types::V1_0::PixelFormat>(*format), bufferSlotCount,
-                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
-                    const auto& tmpFormat) {
-                    error = tmpError;
-                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
-                    *format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(tmpFormat);
-            });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.acceptDisplayChanges();
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->createLayer(display, kMaxLayerBufferCount,
-                         [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayer) {
-                             error = tmpError;
-                             if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                 return;
-                             }
-
-                             *outLayer = tmpLayer;
-                         });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getActiveConfig(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfig) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outConfig = tmpConfig;
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes)
-{
-    mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display, outLayers, outTypes);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getColorModes(Display display,
-        std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getColorModes_2_3(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            *outModes = tmpModes;
-        });
-    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
-        mClient_2_2->getColorModes_2_2(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            for (types::V1_1::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
-                outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
-            }
-        });
-    } else {
-        mClient->getColorModes(display,
-                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
-                    error = tmpError;
-                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    for (types::V1_0::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
-                        outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
-                    }
-                });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
-        IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_4) {
-        mClient_2_4->getDisplayAttribute_2_4(display, config, attribute,
-                                             [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
-                                                 error = static_cast<Error>(tmpError);
-                                                 if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                     return;
-                                                 }
-
-                                                 *outValue = tmpValue;
-                                             });
-    } else {
-        mClient->getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
-                                     static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::Attribute>(attribute),
-                                     [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
-                                         error = tmpError;
-                                         if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                             return;
-                                         }
-
-                                         *outValue = tmpValue;
-                                     });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayConfigs(Display display,
-        std::vector<Config>* outConfigs)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getDisplayConfigs(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfigs) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outConfigs = tmpConfigs;
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getDisplayName(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpName) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outName = tmpName.c_str();
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayRequests(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks)
-{
-    mReader.takeDisplayRequests(display, outDisplayRequestMask,
-            outLayers, outLayerRequestMasks);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient->getDozeSupport(display,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpSupport) {
-                error = tmpError;
-                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                *outSupport = tmpSupport;
-            });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getHdrCapabilities(Display display,
-        std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
-        float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance)
-{
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getHdrCapabilities_2_3(display,
-                                            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
-                                                const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
-                                                const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
-                                                const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
-                                                error = tmpError;
-                                                if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                    return;
-                                                }
-
-                                                *outTypes = tmpTypes;
-                                                *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
-                                                *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
-                                                *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
-                                            });
-    } else {
-        mClient->getHdrCapabilities(display,
-                                    [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
-                                        const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
-                                        const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
-                                        const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
-                                        error = tmpError;
-                                        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                            return;
-                                        }
-
-                                        outTypes->clear();
-                                        for (auto type : tmpTypes) {
-                                            outTypes->push_back(static_cast<Hdr>(type));
-                                        }
-
-                                        *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
-                                        *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
-                                        *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
-                                    });
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getReleaseFences(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers, std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences)
-{
-    mReader.takeReleaseFences(display, outLayers, outReleaseFences);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence)
-{
-    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentDisplay");
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.presentDisplay();
-
-    Error error = execute();
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->setActiveConfig(display, config);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot,
-        const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
-        int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-
-    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
-    if (target.get()) {
-        handle = target->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.setClientTarget(slot, handle, acquireFence, dataspace, damage);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode,
-        RenderIntent renderIntent)
-{
-    hardware::Return<Error> ret(kDefaultError);
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        ret = mClient_2_3->setColorMode_2_3(display, mode, renderIntent);
-    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
-        ret = mClient_2_2->setColorMode_2_2(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(mode),
-                                            renderIntent);
-    } else {
-        ret = mClient->setColorMode(display,
-                static_cast<types::V1_0::ColorMode>(mode));
-    }
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix,
-        ColorTransform hint)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.setColorTransform(matrix, hint);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
-        int releaseFence)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.setOutputBuffer(0, buffer, dup(releaseFence));
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
-    Return<Error> ret(Error::UNSUPPORTED);
-    if (mClient_2_2) {
-        ret = mClient_2_2->setPowerMode_2_2(display, mode);
-    } else if (mode != IComposerClient::PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND) {
-        ret = mClient->setPowerMode(display, static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::PowerMode>(mode));
-    }
-
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled)
-{
-    auto ret = mClient->setVsyncEnabled(display, enabled);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display)
-{
-    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
-    auto ret = mClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display, bufferSlotCount);
-    return unwrapRet(ret);
-}
-
-Error Composer::validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
-        uint32_t* outNumRequests)
-{
-    ATRACE_NAME("HwcValidateDisplay");
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.validateDisplay();
-
-    Error error = execute();
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
-                               uint32_t* outNumRequests, int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) {
-    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentOrValidateDisplay");
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.presentOrvalidateDisplay();
-
-    Error error = execute();
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-   mReader.takePresentOrValidateStage(display, state);
-
-   if (*state == 1) { // Present succeeded
-       mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
-   }
-
-   if (*state == 0) { // Validate succeeded.
-       mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
-   }
-
-   return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer,
-        int32_t x, int32_t y)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerCursorPosition(x, y);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer,
-        uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-
-    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
-    if (buffer.get()) {
-        handle = buffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.setLayerBuffer(slot, handle, acquireFence);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(damage);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer,
-        IComposerClient::BlendMode mode)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(mode);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const IComposerClient::Color& color)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerColor(color);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
-        IComposerClient::Composition type)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerCompositionType(type);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer,
-        Dataspace dataspace)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerDataspace(dataspace);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const IComposerClient::Rect& frame)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerDisplayFrame(frame);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer,
-        float alpha)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerPlaneAlpha(alpha);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const native_handle_t* stream)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerSidebandStream(stream);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const IComposerClient::FRect& crop)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerSourceCrop(crop);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
-        Transform transform)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerTransform(transform);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerVisibleRegion(visible);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z)
-{
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerZOrder(z);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::execute()
-{
-    // prepare input command queue
-    bool queueChanged = false;
-    uint32_t commandLength = 0;
-    hidl_vec<hidl_handle> commandHandles;
-    if (!mWriter.writeQueue(&queueChanged, &commandLength, &commandHandles)) {
-        mWriter.reset();
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    // set up new input command queue if necessary
-    if (queueChanged) {
-        auto ret = mClient->setInputCommandQueue(*mWriter.getMQDescriptor());
-        auto error = unwrapRet(ret);
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            mWriter.reset();
-            return error;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (commandLength == 0) {
-        mWriter.reset();
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    hardware::Return<void> ret;
-    auto hidl_callback = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpOutChanged,
-                             const auto& tmpOutLength, const auto& tmpOutHandles)
-                         {
-                             error = tmpError;
-
-                             // set up new output command queue if necessary
-                             if (error == Error::NONE && tmpOutChanged) {
-                                 error = kDefaultError;
-                                 mClient->getOutputCommandQueue(
-                                     [&](const auto& tmpError,
-                                         const auto& tmpDescriptor)
-                                     {
-                                         error = tmpError;
-                                         if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                             return;
-                                     }
-
-                                     mReader.setMQDescriptor(tmpDescriptor);
-                                 });
-                             }
-
-                             if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                 return;
-                             }
-
-                             if (mReader.readQueue(tmpOutLength, tmpOutHandles)) {
-                                 error = mReader.parse();
-                                 mReader.reset();
-                             } else {
-                                 error = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-                             }
-                         };
-    if (mClient_2_2) {
-        ret = mClient_2_2->executeCommands_2_2(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
-    } else {
-        ret = mClient->executeCommands(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
-    }
-    // executeCommands can fail because of out-of-fd and we do not want to
-    // abort() in that case
-    if (!ret.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("executeCommands failed because of %s", ret.description().c_str());
-    }
-
-    if (error == Error::NONE) {
-        std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> commandErrors =
-            mReader.takeErrors();
-
-        for (const auto& cmdErr : commandErrors) {
-            auto command =
-                    static_cast<IComposerClient::Command>(mWriter.getCommand(cmdErr.location));
-
-            if (command == IComposerClient::Command::VALIDATE_DISPLAY ||
-                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_DISPLAY ||
-                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY) {
-                error = cmdErr.error;
-            } else {
-                ALOGW("command 0x%x generated error %d",
-                        command, cmdErr.error);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    mWriter.reset();
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-// Composer HAL 2.2
-
-Error Composer::setLayerPerFrameMetadata(Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) {
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(perFrameMetadatas);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> Composer::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
-        Display display) {
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>  keys;
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        return keys;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getPerFrameMetadataKeys_2_3(display,
-                                                 [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-                                                     error = tmpError;
-                                                     if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                         ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed "
-                                                               "with %d",
-                                                               tmpError);
-                                                         return;
-                                                     }
-                                                     keys = tmpKeys;
-                                                 });
-    } else {
-        mClient_2_2
-                ->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-                    error = tmpError;
-                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                        ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed with %d", tmpError);
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    keys.clear();
-                    for (auto key : tmpKeys) {
-                        keys.push_back(static_cast<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>(key));
-                    }
-                });
-    }
-
-    return keys;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
-        std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) {
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        outRenderIntents->push_back(RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-
-    auto getRenderIntentsLambda = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        *outRenderIntents = tmpKeys;
-    };
-
-    if (mClient_2_3) {
-        mClient_2_3->getRenderIntents_2_3(display, colorMode, getRenderIntentsLambda);
-    } else {
-        mClient_2_2->getRenderIntents(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(colorMode),
-                                      getRenderIntentsLambda);
-    }
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix)
-{
-    if (!mClient_2_2) {
-        *outMatrix = mat4();
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_2->getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(static_cast<types::V1_1::Dataspace>(dataspace),
-                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpMatrix) {
-                                                  error = tmpError;
-                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                      return;
-                                                  }
-                                                  *outMatrix = mat4(tmpMatrix.data());
-                                              });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-// Composer HAL 2.3
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                             std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_3->getDisplayIdentificationData(display,
-                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpPort,
-                                                  const auto& tmpData) {
-                                                  error = tmpError;
-                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                      return;
-                                                  }
-
-                                                  *outPort = tmpPort;
-                                                  *outData = tmpData;
-                                              });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix)
-{
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerColorTransform(matrix);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
-                                                      Dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                                      uint8_t* outComponentMask) {
-    if (!outFormat || !outDataspace || !outComponentMask) {
-        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-    }
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(display,
-                                                       [&](const auto tmpError,
-                                                           const auto& tmpFormat,
-                                                           const auto& tmpDataspace,
-                                                           const auto& tmpComponentMask) {
-                                                           error = tmpError;
-                                                           if (error == Error::NONE) {
-                                                               *outFormat = tmpFormat;
-                                                               *outDataspace = tmpDataspace;
-                                                               *outComponentMask =
-                                                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(
-                                                                               tmpComponentMask);
-                                                           }
-                                                       });
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled,
-                                                 uint8_t componentMask, uint64_t maxFrames) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    auto enable = enabled ? V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::ENABLE
-                          : V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::DISABLE;
-    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(display, enable, componentMask,
-                                                           maxFrames);
-}
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
-                                          DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) {
-    if (!outStats) {
-        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
-    }
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    Error error = kDefaultError;
-    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSample(display, maxFrames, timestamp,
-                                           [&](const auto tmpError, auto tmpNumFrames,
-                                               const auto& tmpSamples0, const auto& tmpSamples1,
-                                               const auto& tmpSamples2, const auto& tmpSamples3) {
-                                               error = tmpError;
-                                               if (error == Error::NONE) {
-                                                   outStats->numFrames = tmpNumFrames;
-                                                   outStats->component_0_sample = tmpSamples0;
-                                                   outStats->component_1_sample = tmpSamples1;
-                                                   outStats->component_2_sample = tmpSamples2;
-                                                   outStats->component_3_sample = tmpSamples3;
-                                               }
-                                           });
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
-        Display display, Layer layer,
-        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(metadata);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-Error Composer::setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayBrightness(display, brightness);
-}
-
-// Composer HAL 2.4
-
-Error Composer::getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
-                                       std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) {
-    if (!mClient_2_3) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    V2_4::Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    if (mClient_2_4) {
-        mClient_2_4->getDisplayCapabilities_2_4(display,
-                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
-                                                    error = tmpError;
-                                                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-                                                        return;
-                                                    }
-                                                    *outCapabilities = tmpCaps;
-                                                });
-    } else {
-        mClient_2_3
-                ->getDisplayCapabilities(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
-                    error = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(tmpError);
-                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    outCapabilities->resize(tmpCaps.size());
-                    std::transform(tmpCaps.begin(), tmpCaps.end(), outCapabilities->begin(),
-                                   [](auto cap) { return static_cast<DisplayCapability>(cap); });
-                });
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
-                                               IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getDisplayConnectionType(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpType) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        *outType = tmpType;
-    });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(display,
-                                       [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpVsyncPeriod) {
-                                           error = tmpError;
-                                           if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                               return;
-                                           }
-
-                                           *outVsyncPeriod = tmpVsyncPeriod;
-                                       });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
-        Display display, Config config,
-        const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
-        VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(display, config, vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
-                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTimeline) {
-                                                    error = tmpError;
-                                                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                        return;
-                                                    }
-
-                                                    *outTimeline = tmpTimeline;
-                                                });
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display display, bool on) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    return mClient_2_4->setAutoLowLatencyMode(display, on);
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getSupportedContentTypes(
-        Display displayId, std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getSupportedContentTypes(displayId,
-                                          [&](const auto& tmpError,
-                                              const auto& tmpSupportedContentTypes) {
-                                              error = tmpError;
-                                              if (error != Error::NONE) {
-                                                  return;
-                                              }
-
-                                              *outSupportedContentTypes = tmpSupportedContentTypes;
-                                          });
-    return error;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setContentType(Display display, IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    return mClient_2_4->setContentType(display, contentType);
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
-                                              bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter.setLayerGenericMetadata(key, mandatory, value);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-V2_4::Error Composer::getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) {
-    using Error = V2_4::Error;
-    if (!mClient_2_4) {
-        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
-    mClient_2_4->getLayerGenericMetadataKeys([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        *outKeys = tmpKeys;
-    });
-    return error;
-}
-
-Error Composer::getClientTargetProperty(
-        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
-    mReader.takeClientTargetProperty(display, outClientTargetProperty);
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-CommandReader::~CommandReader()
-{
-    resetData();
-}
-
-Error CommandReader::parse()
-{
-    resetData();
-
-    IComposerClient::Command command;
-    uint16_t length = 0;
-
-    while (!isEmpty()) {
-        if (!beginCommand(&command, &length)) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        bool parsed = false;
-        switch (command) {
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_DISPLAY:
-            parsed = parseSelectDisplay(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_ERROR:
-            parsed = parseSetError(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES:
-            parsed = parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS:
-            parsed = parseSetDisplayRequests(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_PRESENT_FENCE:
-            parsed = parseSetPresentFence(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_RELEASE_FENCES:
-            parsed = parseSetReleaseFences(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command ::SET_PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY_RESULT:
-            parsed = parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(length);
-            break;
-        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CLIENT_TARGET_PROPERTY:
-            parsed = parseSetClientTargetProperty(length);
-            break;
-        default:
-            parsed = false;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        endCommand();
-
-        if (!parsed) {
-            ALOGE("failed to parse command 0x%x length %" PRIu16,
-                    command, length);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return isEmpty() ? Error::NONE : Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSelectDisplayLength) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    mCurrentReturnData = &mReturnData[read64()];
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetError(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetErrorLength) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    auto location = read();
-    auto error = static_cast<Error>(readSigned());
-
-    mErrors.emplace_back(CommandError{location, error});
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length)
-{
-    // (layer id, composition type) pairs
-    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t count = length / 3;
-    mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.reserve(count);
-    mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.reserve(count);
-    while (count > 0) {
-        auto layer = read64();
-        auto type = static_cast<IComposerClient::Composition>(readSigned());
-
-        mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.push_back(layer);
-        mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.push_back(type);
-
-        count--;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length)
-{
-    // display requests followed by (layer id, layer requests) pairs
-    if (length % 3 != 1 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    mCurrentReturnData->displayRequests = read();
-
-    uint32_t count = (length - 1) / 3;
-    mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.reserve(count);
-    mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.reserve(count);
-    while (count > 0) {
-        auto layer = read64();
-        auto layerRequestMask = read();
-
-        mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.push_back(layer);
-        mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.push_back(layerRequestMask);
-
-        count--;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetPresentFenceLength ||
-            !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (mCurrentReturnData->presentFence >= 0) {
-        close(mCurrentReturnData->presentFence);
-    }
-    mCurrentReturnData->presentFence = readFence();
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length)
-{
-    // (layer id, release fence index) pairs
-    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t count = length / 3;
-    mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.reserve(count);
-    mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.reserve(count);
-    while (count > 0) {
-        auto layer = read64();
-        auto fence = readFence();
-
-        mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.push_back(layer);
-        mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.push_back(fence);
-
-        count--;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length)
-{
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kPresentOrValidateDisplayResultLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    mCurrentReturnData->presentOrValidateState = read();
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length) {
-    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetClientTargetPropertyLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.pixelFormat = static_cast<PixelFormat>(readSigned());
-    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.dataspace = static_cast<Dataspace>(readSigned());
-    return true;
-}
-
-void CommandReader::resetData()
-{
-    mErrors.clear();
-
-    for (auto& data : mReturnData) {
-        if (data.second.presentFence >= 0) {
-            close(data.second.presentFence);
-        }
-        for (auto fence : data.second.releaseFences) {
-            if (fence >= 0) {
-                close(fence);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    mReturnData.clear();
-    mCurrentReturnData = nullptr;
-}
-
-std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> CommandReader::takeErrors()
-{
-    return std::move(mErrors);
-}
-
-bool CommandReader::hasChanges(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
-        uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = 0;
-        *outNumLayerRequestMasks = 0;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = data.compositionTypes.size();
-    *outNumLayerRequestMasks = data.requestMasks.size();
-
-    return !(data.compositionTypes.empty() && data.requestMasks.empty());
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        outLayers->clear();
-        outTypes->clear();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outLayers = std::move(data.changedLayers);
-    *outTypes = std::move(data.compositionTypes);
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeDisplayRequests(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *outDisplayRequestMask = 0;
-        outLayers->clear();
-        outLayerRequestMasks->clear();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outDisplayRequestMask = data.displayRequests;
-    *outLayers = std::move(data.requestedLayers);
-    *outLayerRequestMasks = std::move(data.requestMasks);
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeReleaseFences(Display display,
-        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers, std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        outLayers->clear();
-        outReleaseFences->clear();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outLayers = std::move(data.releasedLayers);
-    *outReleaseFences = std::move(data.releaseFences);
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence)
-{
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *outPresentFence = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-    *outPresentFence = data.presentFence;
-    data.presentFence = -1;
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state) {
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        *state= -1;
-        return;
-    }
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-    *state = data.presentOrValidateState;
-}
-
-void CommandReader::takeClientTargetProperty(
-        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
-    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
-
-    // If not found, return the default values.
-    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-        outClientTargetProperty->pixelFormat = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
-        outClientTargetProperty->dataspace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ReturnData& data = found->second;
-    *outClientTargetProperty = data.clientTargetProperty;
-}
-
-} // namespace impl
-} // namespace Hwc2
-} // namespace android
-
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
index fe114b9..3bbce7b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h
@@ -14,24 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_SF_COMPOSER_HAL_H
-#define ANDROID_SF_COMPOSER_HAL_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <optional>
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/common/1.1/types.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposer.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposerClient.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.4/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
 #include <gui/HdrMetadata.h>
@@ -43,9 +34,7 @@
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
 
-namespace android {
-
-namespace Hwc2 {
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
 
 namespace types = hardware::graphics::common;
 
@@ -80,6 +69,8 @@
 
 class Composer {
 public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<Composer> create(const std::string& serviceName);
+
     virtual ~Composer() = 0;
 
     virtual std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() = 0;
@@ -233,279 +224,4 @@
             Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) = 0;
 };
 
-namespace impl {
-
-class CommandReader : public CommandReaderBase {
-public:
-    ~CommandReader();
-
-    // Parse and execute commands from the command queue.  The commands are
-    // actually return values from the server and will be saved in ReturnData.
-    Error parse();
-
-    // Get and clear saved errors.
-    struct CommandError {
-        uint32_t location;
-        Error error;
-    };
-    std::vector<CommandError> takeErrors();
-
-    bool hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
-            uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const;
-
-    // Get and clear saved changed composition types.
-    void takeChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-            std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-            std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes);
-
-    // Get and clear saved display requests.
-    void takeDisplayRequests(Display display,
-        uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks);
-
-    // Get and clear saved release fences.
-    void takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-            std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences);
-
-    // Get and clear saved present fence.
-    void takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence);
-
-    // Get what stage succeeded during PresentOrValidate: Present or Validate
-    void takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t * state);
-
-    // Get the client target properties requested by hardware composer.
-    void takeClientTargetProperty(Display display,
-                                  IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty);
-
-private:
-    void resetData();
-
-    bool parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetError(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length);
-    bool parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length);
-
-    struct ReturnData {
-        uint32_t displayRequests = 0;
-
-        std::vector<Layer> changedLayers;
-        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition> compositionTypes;
-
-        std::vector<Layer> requestedLayers;
-        std::vector<uint32_t> requestMasks;
-
-        int presentFence = -1;
-
-        std::vector<Layer> releasedLayers;
-        std::vector<int> releaseFences;
-
-        uint32_t presentOrValidateState;
-
-        // Composer 2.4 implementation can return a client target property
-        // structure to indicate the client target properties that hardware
-        // composer requests. The composer client must change the client target
-        // properties to match this request.
-        IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty clientTargetProperty{PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
-                                                                   Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
-    };
-
-    std::vector<CommandError> mErrors;
-    std::unordered_map<Display, ReturnData> mReturnData;
-
-    // When SELECT_DISPLAY is parsed, this is updated to point to the
-    // display's return data in mReturnData.  We use it to avoid repeated
-    // map lookups.
-    ReturnData* mCurrentReturnData;
-};
-
-// Composer is a wrapper to IComposer, a proxy to server-side composer.
-class Composer final : public Hwc2::Composer {
-public:
-    explicit Composer(const std::string& serviceName);
-    ~Composer() override;
-
-    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() override;
-    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
-
-    void registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
-
-    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
-    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
-    void resetCommands() override;
-
-    // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
-    Error executeCommands() override;
-
-    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
-    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
-                               Display* outDisplay) override;
-    Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
-
-    Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
-
-    Error createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) override;
-    Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
-
-    Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) override;
-    Error getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) override;
-    Error getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) override;
-    Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config, IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
-                              int32_t* outValue) override;
-    Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs);
-    Error getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) override;
-
-    Error getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
-                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) override;
-
-    Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
-    Error getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
-                             float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance) override;
-
-    Error getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
-                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) override;
-
-    Error presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) override;
-
-    Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
-
-    /*
-     * The composer caches client targets internally.  When target is nullptr,
-     * the composer uses slot to look up the client target from its cache.
-     * When target is not nullptr, the cache is updated with the new target.
-     */
-    Error setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
-                          int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
-                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
-    Error setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) override;
-    Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) override;
-    Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
-                          int releaseFence) override;
-    Error setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) override;
-    Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) override;
-
-    Error setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) override;
-
-    Error validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
-                          uint32_t* outNumRequests) override;
-
-    Error presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes, uint32_t* outNumRequests,
-                                   int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) override;
-
-    Error setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
-    /* see setClientTarget for the purpose of slot */
-    Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
-                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) override;
-    Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
-    Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) override;
-    Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer, const IComposerClient::Color& color) override;
-    Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                  IComposerClient::Composition type) override;
-    Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) override;
-    Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
-                               const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) override;
-    Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) override;
-    Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                 const native_handle_t* stream) override;
-    Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
-                             const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) override;
-    Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) override;
-    Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
-                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) override;
-    Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
-
-    // Composer HAL 2.2
-    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
-            Display display, Layer layer,
-            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) override;
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
-            Display display) override;
-    Error getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
-            std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) override;
-    Error getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) override;
-
-    // Composer HAL 2.3
-    Error getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
-                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) override;
-    Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) override;
-    Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
-                                                Dataspace* outDataspace,
-                                                uint8_t* outComponentMask) override;
-    Error setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled, uint8_t componentMask,
-                                           uint64_t maxFrames) override;
-    Error getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
-                                    DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) override;
-    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
-            Display display, Layer layer,
-            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) override;
-    Error setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) override;
-
-    // Composer HAL 2.4
-    bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() override { return mClient_2_4 != nullptr; }
-    Error getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
-                                 std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) override;
-    V2_4::Error getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
-                                         IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) override;
-    V2_4::Error getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) override;
-    V2_4::Error setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
-            Display display, Config config,
-            const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
-            VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) override;
-    V2_4::Error setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display displayId, bool on) override;
-    V2_4::Error getSupportedContentTypes(
-            Display displayId,
-            std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) override;
-    V2_4::Error setContentType(Display displayId,
-                               IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) override;
-    V2_4::Error setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
-                                        bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) override;
-    V2_4::Error getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
-            std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) override;
-    Error getClientTargetProperty(
-            Display display,
-            IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) override;
-
-private:
-    class CommandWriter : public CommandWriterBase {
-    public:
-        explicit CommandWriter(uint32_t initialMaxSize) : CommandWriterBase(initialMaxSize) {}
-        ~CommandWriter() override {}
-    };
-
-    // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
-    // queue to batch the calls.  validateDisplay and presentDisplay will call
-    // this function to execute the command queue.
-    Error execute();
-
-    sp<V2_1::IComposer> mComposer;
-
-    sp<V2_1::IComposerClient> mClient;
-    sp<V2_2::IComposerClient> mClient_2_2;
-    sp<V2_3::IComposerClient> mClient_2_3;
-    sp<IComposerClient> mClient_2_4;
-
-    // 64KiB minus a small space for metadata such as read/write pointers
-    static constexpr size_t kWriterInitialSize =
-        64 * 1024 / sizeof(uint32_t) - 16;
-    // Max number of buffers that may be cached for a given layer
-    // We obtain this number by:
-    // 1. Tightly coupling this cache to the max size of BufferQueue
-    // 2. Adding an additional slot for the layer caching feature in SurfaceFlinger (see: Planner.h)
-    static const constexpr uint32_t kMaxLayerBufferCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS + 1;
-    CommandWriter mWriter;
-    CommandReader mReader;
-};
-
-} // namespace impl
-
-} // namespace Hwc2
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_SF_COMPOSER_HAL_H
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
index 5de622b..0ab9605 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
-#include "Fps.h"
-#include "Scheduler/StrongTyping.h"
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android/configuration.h>
@@ -27,9 +27,10 @@
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+#include "DisplayHardware/Hal.h"
+#include "Scheduler/StrongTyping.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -161,4 +162,4 @@
                               mode.getDpiY(), mode.getGroup());
 }
 
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
index 27146ab..e21b0da 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
@@ -283,8 +283,21 @@
     return Error::NONE;
 }
 
+bool Display::hasCapability(hal::DisplayCapability capability) const {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayCapabilitiesMutex);
+    if (mDisplayCapabilities) {
+        return mDisplayCapabilities->count(capability) > 0;
+    }
+
+    ALOGW("Can't query capability %d."
+          " Display Capabilities were not queried from HWC yet",
+          static_cast<int>(capability));
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 Error Display::supportsDoze(bool* outSupport) const {
-    *outSupport = mDisplayCapabilities.count(DisplayCapability::DOZE) > 0;
+    *outSupport = hasCapability(DisplayCapability::DOZE);
     return Error::NONE;
 }
 
@@ -447,17 +460,21 @@
             auto error =
                     static_cast<Error>(mComposer.getDisplayCapabilities(mId, &tmpCapabilities));
             if (error == Error::NONE) {
+                std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayCapabilitiesMutex);
+                mDisplayCapabilities.emplace();
                 for (auto capability : tmpCapabilities) {
-                    mDisplayCapabilities.emplace(static_cast<DisplayCapability>(capability));
+                    mDisplayCapabilities->emplace(static_cast<DisplayCapability>(capability));
                 }
             } else if (error == Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
+                std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayCapabilitiesMutex);
+                mDisplayCapabilities.emplace();
                 if (mCapabilities.count(Capability::SKIP_CLIENT_COLOR_TRANSFORM)) {
-                    mDisplayCapabilities.emplace(DisplayCapability::SKIP_CLIENT_COLOR_TRANSFORM);
+                    mDisplayCapabilities->emplace(DisplayCapability::SKIP_CLIENT_COLOR_TRANSFORM);
                 }
                 bool dozeSupport = false;
                 error = static_cast<Error>(mComposer.getDozeSupport(mId, &dozeSupport));
                 if (error == Error::NONE && dozeSupport) {
-                    mDisplayCapabilities.emplace(DisplayCapability::DOZE);
+                    mDisplayCapabilities->emplace(DisplayCapability::DOZE);
                 }
             }
         });
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
index 871465d..a65efb2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android-base/expected.h>
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <gui/HdrMetadata.h>
 #include <math/mat4.h>
 #include <ui/HdrCapabilities.h>
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@
     virtual hal::HWDisplayId getId() const = 0;
     virtual bool isConnected() const = 0;
     virtual void setConnected(bool connected) = 0; // For use by Device only
-    virtual const std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability>& getCapabilities() const = 0;
+    virtual bool hasCapability(hal::DisplayCapability) const = 0;
     virtual bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() const = 0;
     virtual void onLayerDestroyed(hal::HWLayerId layerId) = 0;
 
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@
             hal::DisplayRequest* outDisplayRequests,
             std::unordered_map<HWC2::Layer*, hal::LayerRequest>* outLayerRequests) override;
     hal::Error getConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType*) const override;
-    hal::Error supportsDoze(bool* outSupport) const override;
+    hal::Error supportsDoze(bool* outSupport) const override EXCLUDES(mDisplayCapabilitiesMutex);
     hal::Error getHdrCapabilities(android::HdrCapabilities* outCapabilities) const override;
     hal::Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(hal::PixelFormat* outFormat,
                                                      hal::Dataspace* outDataspace,
@@ -214,9 +215,7 @@
     hal::HWDisplayId getId() const override { return mId; }
     bool isConnected() const override { return mIsConnected; }
     void setConnected(bool connected) override; // For use by Device only
-    const std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability>& getCapabilities() const override {
-        return mDisplayCapabilities;
-    };
+    bool hasCapability(hal::DisplayCapability) const override EXCLUDES(mDisplayCapabilitiesMutex);
     bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() const override;
     void onLayerDestroyed(hal::HWLayerId layerId) override;
 
@@ -243,8 +242,10 @@
     using Layers = std::unordered_map<hal::HWLayerId, std::weak_ptr<HWC2::impl::Layer>>;
     Layers mLayers;
 
+    mutable std::mutex mDisplayCapabilitiesMutex;
     std::once_flag mDisplayCapabilityQueryFlag;
-    std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability> mDisplayCapabilities;
+    std::optional<std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability>> mDisplayCapabilities
+            GUARDED_BY(mDisplayCapabilitiesMutex);
 };
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
index a790b4c..06f5df5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
                 sysprop::update_device_product_info_on_hotplug_reconnect(false)) {}
 
 HWComposer::HWComposer(const std::string& composerServiceName)
-      : HWComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::impl::Composer>(composerServiceName)) {}
+      : HWComposer(Hwc2::Composer::create(composerServiceName)) {}
 
 HWComposer::~HWComposer() {
     mDisplayData.clear();
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
 bool HWComposer::hasDisplayCapability(HalDisplayId displayId,
                                       hal::DisplayCapability capability) const {
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, false);
-    return mDisplayData.at(displayId).hwcDisplay->getCapabilities().count(capability) > 0;
+    return mDisplayData.at(displayId).hwcDisplay->hasCapability(capability);
 }
 
 std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> HWComposer::onHotplug(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId,
@@ -212,8 +212,6 @@
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(*displayId, false);
 
     auto& displayData = mDisplayData[*displayId];
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(displayData.isVirtual, "%s: Invalid operation on virtual display with ID %s",
-                 __FUNCTION__, to_string(*displayId).c_str());
 
     {
         // There have been reports of HWCs that signal several vsync events
@@ -271,7 +269,6 @@
     display->setConnected(true);
     auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
     displayData.hwcDisplay = std::move(display);
-    displayData.isVirtual = true;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -279,10 +276,8 @@
                                          PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
     mPhysicalDisplayIdMap[hwcDisplayId] = displayId;
 
-    if (!mInternalHwcDisplayId) {
-        mInternalHwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId;
-    } else if (mInternalHwcDisplayId != hwcDisplayId && !mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
-        mExternalHwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId;
+    if (!mPrimaryHwcDisplayId) {
+        mPrimaryHwcDisplayId = hwcDisplayId;
     }
 
     auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
@@ -372,7 +367,7 @@
     ui::DisplayConnectionType type;
     const auto error = hwcDisplay->getConnectionType(&type);
 
-    const auto FALLBACK_TYPE = hwcDisplay->getId() == mInternalHwcDisplayId
+    const auto FALLBACK_TYPE = hwcDisplay->getId() == mPrimaryHwcDisplayId
             ? ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal
             : ui::DisplayConnectionType::External;
 
@@ -428,9 +423,6 @@
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId);
     auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
 
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(displayData.isVirtual, "%s: Invalid operation on virtual display with ID %s",
-                 __FUNCTION__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
-
     // NOTE: we use our own internal lock here because we have to call
     // into the HWC with the lock held, and we want to make sure
     // that even if HWC blocks (which it shouldn't), it won't
@@ -597,14 +589,11 @@
 status_t HWComposer::setPowerMode(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, hal::PowerMode mode) {
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, BAD_INDEX);
 
-    const auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(displayData.isVirtual, "%s: Invalid operation on virtual display with ID %s",
-                 __FUNCTION__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
-
     if (mode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
         setVsyncEnabled(displayId, hal::Vsync::DISABLE);
     }
 
+    const auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
     auto& hwcDisplay = displayData.hwcDisplay;
     switch (mode) {
         case hal::PowerMode::OFF:
@@ -678,12 +667,6 @@
     auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
     const auto hwcDisplayId = displayData.hwcDisplay->getId();
 
-    // TODO(b/74619554): Select internal/external display from remaining displays.
-    if (hwcDisplayId == mInternalHwcDisplayId) {
-        mInternalHwcDisplayId.reset();
-    } else if (hwcDisplayId == mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
-        mExternalHwcDisplayId.reset();
-    }
     mPhysicalDisplayIdMap.erase(hwcDisplayId);
     mDisplayData.erase(displayId);
 }
@@ -693,9 +676,6 @@
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_DISPLAY(displayId, BAD_INDEX);
     const auto& displayData = mDisplayData[displayId];
 
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(!displayData.isVirtual, "%s: Invalid operation on physical display with ID %s",
-                 __FUNCTION__, to_string(displayId).c_str());
-
     auto error = displayData.hwcDisplay->setOutputBuffer(buffer, acquireFence);
     RETURN_IF_HWC_ERROR(error, displayId, UNKNOWN_ERROR);
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -853,8 +833,7 @@
 
 std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> HWComposer::fromPhysicalDisplayId(
         PhysicalDisplayId displayId) const {
-    if (const auto it = mDisplayData.find(displayId);
-        it != mDisplayData.end() && !it->second.isVirtual) {
+    if (const auto it = mDisplayData.find(displayId); it != mDisplayData.end()) {
         return it->second.hwcDisplay->getId();
     }
     return {};
@@ -868,7 +847,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    if (!mHasMultiDisplaySupport && mInternalHwcDisplayId && mExternalHwcDisplayId) {
+    // Legacy mode only supports IDs LEGACY_DISPLAY_TYPE_PRIMARY and LEGACY_DISPLAY_TYPE_EXTERNAL.
+    if (!mHasMultiDisplaySupport && mPhysicalDisplayIdMap.size() == 2) {
         ALOGE("Ignoring connection of tertiary display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
         return true;
     }
@@ -909,7 +889,7 @@
         }
 
         info = [this, hwcDisplayId, &port, &data, hasDisplayIdentificationData] {
-            const bool isPrimary = !mInternalHwcDisplayId;
+            const bool isPrimary = !mPrimaryHwcDisplayId;
             if (mHasMultiDisplaySupport) {
                 if (const auto info = parseDisplayIdentificationData(port, data)) {
                     return *info;
@@ -922,8 +902,8 @@
             }
 
             return DisplayIdentificationInfo{.id = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(port),
-                                             .name = isPrimary ? "Internal display"
-                                                               : "External display",
+                                             .name = isPrimary ? "Primary display"
+                                                               : "Secondary display",
                                              .deviceProductInfo = std::nullopt};
         }();
     }
@@ -936,9 +916,12 @@
 
 std::optional<DisplayIdentificationInfo> HWComposer::onHotplugDisconnect(
         hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(hwcDisplayId == mPrimaryHwcDisplayId,
+                        "Primary display cannot be disconnected.");
+
     const auto displayId = toPhysicalDisplayId(hwcDisplayId);
     if (!displayId) {
-        ALOGE("Ignoring disconnection of invalid HWC display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+        LOG_HWC_DISPLAY_ERROR(hwcDisplayId, "Invalid HWC display");
         return {};
     }
 
@@ -947,7 +930,7 @@
     if (isConnected(*displayId)) {
         mDisplayData[*displayId].hwcDisplay->setConnected(false);
     } else {
-        ALOGW("Attempted to disconnect unknown display %" PRIu64, hwcDisplayId);
+        LOG_HWC_DISPLAY_ERROR(hwcDisplayId, "Already disconnected");
     }
     // The cleanup of Disconnect is handled through HWComposer::disconnectDisplay
     // via SurfaceFlinger's onHotplugReceived callback handling
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index 49f96d9..0a090da 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_SF_HWCOMPOSER_H
-#define ANDROID_SF_HWCOMPOSER_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <future>
@@ -228,14 +227,18 @@
     virtual const std::unordered_map<std::string, bool>& getSupportedLayerGenericMetadata()
             const = 0;
 
-    // for debugging ----------------------------------------------------------
     virtual void dump(std::string& out) const = 0;
 
     virtual Hwc2::Composer* getComposer() const = 0;
 
-    // TODO(b/74619554): Remove special cases for internal/external display.
-    virtual std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> getInternalHwcDisplayId() const = 0;
-    virtual std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> getExternalHwcDisplayId() const = 0;
+    // Returns the first display connected at boot. It cannot be disconnected, which implies an
+    // internal connection type. Its connection via HWComposer::onHotplug, which in practice is
+    // immediately after HWComposer construction, must occur before any call to this function.
+    //
+    // TODO(b/182939859): Remove special cases for primary display.
+    virtual hal::HWDisplayId getPrimaryHwcDisplayId() const = 0;
+    virtual PhysicalDisplayId getPrimaryDisplayId() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isHeadless() const = 0;
 
     virtual std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> toPhysicalDisplayId(hal::HWDisplayId) const = 0;
     virtual std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> fromPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId) const = 0;
@@ -366,14 +369,19 @@
 
     Hwc2::Composer* getComposer() const override { return mComposer.get(); }
 
-    // TODO(b/74619554): Remove special cases for internal/external display.
-    std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> getInternalHwcDisplayId() const override {
-        return mInternalHwcDisplayId;
+    hal::HWDisplayId getPrimaryHwcDisplayId() const override {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mPrimaryHwcDisplayId, "Missing HWC primary display");
+        return *mPrimaryHwcDisplayId;
     }
-    std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> getExternalHwcDisplayId() const override {
-        return mExternalHwcDisplayId;
+
+    PhysicalDisplayId getPrimaryDisplayId() const override {
+        const auto id = toPhysicalDisplayId(getPrimaryHwcDisplayId());
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!id, "Missing primary display");
+        return *id;
     }
 
+    virtual bool isHeadless() const override { return !mPrimaryHwcDisplayId; }
+
     std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> toPhysicalDisplayId(hal::HWDisplayId) const override;
     std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> fromPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId) const override;
 
@@ -382,12 +390,9 @@
     friend TestableSurfaceFlinger;
 
     struct DisplayData {
-        bool isVirtual = false;
         std::unique_ptr<HWC2::Display> hwcDisplay;
         sp<Fence> lastPresentFence = Fence::NO_FENCE; // signals when the last set op retires
         std::unordered_map<HWC2::Layer*, sp<Fence>> releaseFences;
-        buffer_handle_t outbufHandle = nullptr;
-        sp<Fence> outbufAcquireFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
 
         bool validateWasSkipped;
         hal::Error presentError;
@@ -418,8 +423,7 @@
     bool mRegisteredCallback = false;
 
     std::unordered_map<hal::HWDisplayId, PhysicalDisplayId> mPhysicalDisplayIdMap;
-    std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> mInternalHwcDisplayId;
-    std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> mExternalHwcDisplayId;
+    std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> mPrimaryHwcDisplayId;
     bool mHasMultiDisplaySupport = false;
 
     const size_t mMaxVirtualDisplayDimension;
@@ -428,5 +432,3 @@
 
 } // namespace impl
 } // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_SF_HWCOMPOSER_H
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c40598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1480 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "HwcComposer"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "HidlComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <composer-command-buffer/2.2/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlTransportUtils.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using hardware::hidl_handle;
+using hardware::hidl_vec;
+using hardware::Return;
+
+namespace Hwc2 {
+
+HidlComposer::~HidlComposer() = default;
+
+namespace {
+
+class BufferHandle {
+public:
+    explicit BufferHandle(const native_handle_t* buffer) {
+        // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
+        mHandle = (buffer) ? buffer : native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+    {
+        return mHandle;
+    }
+
+private:
+    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 0, 0);
+    hidl_handle mHandle;
+};
+
+class FenceHandle {
+public:
+    FenceHandle(int fd, bool owned) : mOwned(owned) {
+        native_handle_t* handle;
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 1, 0);
+            handle->data[0] = fd;
+        } else {
+            // nullptr is not a valid handle to HIDL
+            handle = native_handle_init(mStorage, 0, 0);
+        }
+        mHandle = handle;
+    }
+
+    ~FenceHandle() {
+        if (mOwned) {
+            native_handle_close(mHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    operator const hidl_handle&() const // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+    {
+        return mHandle;
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool mOwned;
+    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(mStorage, 1, 0);
+    hidl_handle mHandle;
+};
+
+// assume NO_RESOURCES when Status::isOk returns false
+constexpr Error kDefaultError = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+constexpr V2_4::Error kDefaultError_2_4 = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(kDefaultError);
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+T unwrapRet(Return<T>& ret, const U& default_val) {
+    return (ret.isOk()) ? static_cast<T>(ret) : static_cast<T>(default_val);
+}
+
+Error unwrapRet(Return<Error>& ret) {
+    return unwrapRet(ret, kDefaultError);
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+HidlComposer::HidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName) : mWriter(kWriterInitialSize) {
+    mComposer = V2_1::IComposer::getService(serviceName);
+
+    if (mComposer == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to get hwcomposer service");
+    }
+
+    if (sp<IComposer> composer_2_4 = IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
+        composer_2_4->createClient_2_4([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+            if (tmpError == V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+                mClient = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_4 = tmpClient;
+            }
+        });
+    } else if (sp<V2_3::IComposer> composer_2_3 = V2_3::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
+        composer_2_3->createClient_2_3([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+            if (tmpError == Error::NONE) {
+                mClient = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_2 = tmpClient;
+                mClient_2_3 = tmpClient;
+            }
+        });
+    } else {
+        mComposer->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+            if (tmpError != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mClient = tmpClient;
+            if (sp<V2_2::IComposer> composer_2_2 = V2_2::IComposer::castFrom(mComposer)) {
+                mClient_2_2 = V2_2::IComposerClient::castFrom(mClient);
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mClient_2_2 == nullptr,
+                                    "IComposer 2.2 did not return IComposerClient 2.2");
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (mClient == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to create composer client");
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<IComposer::Capability> HidlComposer::getCapabilities() {
+    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> capabilities;
+    mComposer->getCapabilities(
+            [&](const auto& tmpCapabilities) { capabilities = tmpCapabilities; });
+    return capabilities;
+}
+
+std::string HidlComposer::dumpDebugInfo() {
+    std::string info;
+    mComposer->dumpDebugInfo([&](const auto& tmpInfo) { info = tmpInfo.c_str(); });
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+void HidlComposer::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) {
+    android::hardware::setMinSchedulerPolicy(callback, SCHED_FIFO, 2);
+
+    auto ret = [&]() {
+        if (mClient_2_4) {
+            return mClient_2_4->registerCallback_2_4(callback);
+        }
+        return mClient->registerCallback(callback);
+    }();
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("failed to register IComposerCallback");
+    }
+}
+
+void HidlComposer::resetCommands() {
+    mWriter.reset();
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::executeCommands() {
+    return execute();
+}
+
+uint32_t HidlComposer::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() {
+    auto ret = mClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+    return unwrapRet(ret, 0);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                                         Display* outDisplay) {
+    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = 1;
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_2) {
+        mClient_2_2->createVirtualDisplay_2_2(width, height,
+                                              static_cast<types::V1_1::PixelFormat>(*format),
+                                              bufferSlotCount,
+                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
+                                                  const auto& tmpFormat) {
+                                                  error = tmpError;
+                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                      return;
+                                                  }
+
+                                                  *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
+                                                  *format = static_cast<types::V1_2::PixelFormat>(
+                                                          tmpFormat);
+                                              });
+    } else {
+        mClient->createVirtualDisplay(width, height, static_cast<types::V1_0::PixelFormat>(*format),
+                                      bufferSlotCount,
+                                      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay,
+                                          const auto& tmpFormat) {
+                                          error = tmpError;
+                                          if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                              return;
+                                          }
+
+                                          *outDisplay = tmpDisplay;
+                                          *format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(tmpFormat);
+                                      });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) {
+    auto ret = mClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.acceptDisplayChanges();
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->createLayer(display, kMaxLayerBufferCount,
+                         [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayer) {
+                             error = tmpError;
+                             if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                 return;
+                             }
+
+                             *outLayer = tmpLayer;
+                         });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) {
+    auto ret = mClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getActiveConfig(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfig) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outConfig = tmpConfig;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getChangedCompositionTypes(
+        Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) {
+    mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display, outLayers, outTypes);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getColorModes_2_3(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
+            error = tmpError;
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            *outModes = tmpModes;
+        });
+    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
+        mClient_2_2->getColorModes_2_2(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
+            error = tmpError;
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (types::V1_1::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
+                outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
+            }
+        });
+    } else {
+        mClient->getColorModes(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
+            error = tmpError;
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                return;
+            }
+            for (types::V1_0::ColorMode colorMode : tmpModes) {
+                outModes->push_back(static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
+                                        IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_4) {
+        mClient_2_4->getDisplayAttribute_2_4(display, config, attribute,
+                                             [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
+                                                 error = static_cast<Error>(tmpError);
+                                                 if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                     return;
+                                                 }
+
+                                                 *outValue = tmpValue;
+                                             });
+    } else {
+        mClient->getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                                     static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::Attribute>(attribute),
+                                     [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
+                                         error = tmpError;
+                                         if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                             return;
+                                         }
+
+                                         *outValue = tmpValue;
+                                     });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getDisplayConfigs(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfigs) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outConfigs = tmpConfigs;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getDisplayName(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpName) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outName = tmpName.c_str();
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                                       std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                       std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    mReader.takeDisplayRequests(display, outDisplayRequestMask, outLayers, outLayerRequestMasks);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient->getDozeSupport(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpSupport) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outSupport = tmpSupport;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes,
+                                       float* outMaxLuminance, float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                       float* outMinLuminance) {
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getHdrCapabilities_2_3(display,
+                                            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
+                                                const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
+                                                const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                                const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
+                                                error = tmpError;
+                                                if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                    return;
+                                                }
+
+                                                *outTypes = tmpTypes;
+                                                *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
+                                                *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
+                                                *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
+                                            });
+    } else {
+        mClient->getHdrCapabilities(display,
+                                    [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
+                                        const auto& tmpMaxLuminance,
+                                        const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                        const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
+                                        error = tmpError;
+                                        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                            return;
+                                        }
+
+                                        outTypes->clear();
+                                        for (auto type : tmpTypes) {
+                                            outTypes->push_back(static_cast<Hdr>(type));
+                                        }
+
+                                        *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
+                                        *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
+                                        *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
+                                    });
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    mReader.takeReleaseFences(display, outLayers, outReleaseFences);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.presentDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) {
+    auto ret = mClient->setActiveConfig(display, config);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                                    int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                                    const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (target.get()) {
+        handle = target->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setClientTarget(slot, handle, acquireFence, dataspace, damage);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) {
+    hardware::Return<Error> ret(kDefaultError);
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        ret = mClient_2_3->setColorMode_2_3(display, mode, renderIntent);
+    } else if (mClient_2_2) {
+        ret = mClient_2_2->setColorMode_2_2(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(mode),
+                                            renderIntent);
+    } else {
+        ret = mClient->setColorMode(display, static_cast<types::V1_0::ColorMode>(mode));
+    }
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.setColorTransform(matrix, hint);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                                    int releaseFence) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.setOutputBuffer(0, buffer, dup(releaseFence));
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
+    Return<Error> ret(Error::UNSUPPORTED);
+    if (mClient_2_2) {
+        ret = mClient_2_2->setPowerMode_2_2(display, mode);
+    } else if (mode != IComposerClient::PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND) {
+        ret = mClient->setPowerMode(display, static_cast<V2_1::IComposerClient::PowerMode>(mode));
+    }
+
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) {
+    auto ret = mClient->setVsyncEnabled(display, enabled);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) {
+    const uint32_t bufferSlotCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
+    auto ret = mClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display, bufferSlotCount);
+    return unwrapRet(ret);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                    uint32_t* outNumRequests) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.validateDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                                             uint32_t* outNumRequests, int* outPresentFence,
+                                             uint32_t* state) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("HwcPresentOrValidateDisplay");
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.presentOrvalidateDisplay();
+
+    Error error = execute();
+    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    mReader.takePresentOrValidateStage(display, state);
+
+    if (*state == 1) { // Present succeeded
+        mReader.takePresentFence(display, outPresentFence);
+    }
+
+    if (*state == 0) { // Validate succeeded.
+        mReader.hasChanges(display, outNumTypes, outNumRequests);
+    }
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerCursorPosition(x, y);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+
+    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    if (buffer.get()) {
+        handle = buffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.setLayerBuffer(slot, handle, acquireFence);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(damage);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                      IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(mode);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  const IComposerClient::Color& color) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerColor(color);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                            IComposerClient::Composition type) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerCompositionType(type);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerDataspace(dataspace);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                         const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerDisplayFrame(frame);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerPlaneAlpha(alpha);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                           const native_handle_t* stream) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerSidebandStream(stream);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                       const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerSourceCrop(crop);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerTransform(transform);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerVisibleRegion(visible);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) {
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerZOrder(z);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::execute() {
+    // prepare input command queue
+    bool queueChanged = false;
+    uint32_t commandLength = 0;
+    hidl_vec<hidl_handle> commandHandles;
+    if (!mWriter.writeQueue(&queueChanged, &commandLength, &commandHandles)) {
+        mWriter.reset();
+        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+    }
+
+    // set up new input command queue if necessary
+    if (queueChanged) {
+        auto ret = mClient->setInputCommandQueue(*mWriter.getMQDescriptor());
+        auto error = unwrapRet(ret);
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            mWriter.reset();
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (commandLength == 0) {
+        mWriter.reset();
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    hardware::Return<void> ret;
+    auto hidl_callback = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpOutChanged,
+                             const auto& tmpOutLength, const auto& tmpOutHandles) {
+        error = tmpError;
+
+        // set up new output command queue if necessary
+        if (error == Error::NONE && tmpOutChanged) {
+            error = kDefaultError;
+            mClient->getOutputCommandQueue([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
+                error = tmpError;
+                if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                mReader.setMQDescriptor(tmpDescriptor);
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mReader.readQueue(tmpOutLength, tmpOutHandles)) {
+            error = mReader.parse();
+            mReader.reset();
+        } else {
+            error = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+        }
+    };
+    if (mClient_2_2) {
+        ret = mClient_2_2->executeCommands_2_2(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
+    } else {
+        ret = mClient->executeCommands(commandLength, commandHandles, hidl_callback);
+    }
+    // executeCommands can fail because of out-of-fd and we do not want to
+    // abort() in that case
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("executeCommands failed because of %s", ret.description().c_str());
+    }
+
+    if (error == Error::NONE) {
+        std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> commandErrors = mReader.takeErrors();
+
+        for (const auto& cmdErr : commandErrors) {
+            auto command =
+                    static_cast<IComposerClient::Command>(mWriter.getCommand(cmdErr.location));
+
+            if (command == IComposerClient::Command::VALIDATE_DISPLAY ||
+                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_DISPLAY ||
+                command == IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY) {
+                error = cmdErr.error;
+            } else {
+                ALOGW("command 0x%x generated error %d", command, cmdErr.error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mWriter.reset();
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+// Composer HAL 2.2
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) {
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(perFrameMetadatas);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> HidlComposer::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+        Display display) {
+    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> keys;
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        return keys;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getPerFrameMetadataKeys_2_3(display,
+                                                 [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+                                                     error = tmpError;
+                                                     if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                         ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed "
+                                                               "with %d",
+                                                               tmpError);
+                                                         return;
+                                                     }
+                                                     keys = tmpKeys;
+                                                 });
+    } else {
+        mClient_2_2
+                ->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+                    error = tmpError;
+                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                        ALOGW("getPerFrameMetadataKeys failed with %d", tmpError);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    keys.clear();
+                    for (auto key : tmpKeys) {
+                        keys.push_back(static_cast<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey>(key));
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    return keys;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                                     std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) {
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        outRenderIntents->push_back(RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+
+    auto getRenderIntentsLambda = [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outRenderIntents = tmpKeys;
+    };
+
+    if (mClient_2_3) {
+        mClient_2_3->getRenderIntents_2_3(display, colorMode, getRenderIntentsLambda);
+    } else {
+        mClient_2_2->getRenderIntents(display, static_cast<types::V1_1::ColorMode>(colorMode),
+                                      getRenderIntentsLambda);
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) {
+    if (!mClient_2_2) {
+        *outMatrix = mat4();
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_2->getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(static_cast<types::V1_1::Dataspace>(dataspace),
+                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpMatrix) {
+                                                  error = tmpError;
+                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                      return;
+                                                  }
+                                                  *outMatrix = mat4(tmpMatrix.data());
+                                              });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+// Composer HAL 2.3
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                                 std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_3->getDisplayIdentificationData(display,
+                                              [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpPort,
+                                                  const auto& tmpData) {
+                                                  error = tmpError;
+                                                  if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                      return;
+                                                  }
+
+                                                  *outPort = tmpPort;
+                                                  *outData = tmpData;
+                                              });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerColorTransform(matrix);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                          Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                          uint8_t* outComponentMask) {
+    if (!outFormat || !outDataspace || !outComponentMask) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(display,
+                                                       [&](const auto tmpError,
+                                                           const auto& tmpFormat,
+                                                           const auto& tmpDataspace,
+                                                           const auto& tmpComponentMask) {
+                                                           error = tmpError;
+                                                           if (error == Error::NONE) {
+                                                               *outFormat = tmpFormat;
+                                                               *outDataspace = tmpDataspace;
+                                                               *outComponentMask =
+                                                                       static_cast<uint8_t>(
+                                                                               tmpComponentMask);
+                                                           }
+                                                       });
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled,
+                                                     uint8_t componentMask, uint64_t maxFrames) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    auto enable = enabled ? V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::ENABLE
+                          : V2_3::IComposerClient::DisplayedContentSampling::DISABLE;
+    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(display, enable, componentMask,
+                                                           maxFrames);
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames,
+                                              uint64_t timestamp, DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) {
+    if (!outStats) {
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    Error error = kDefaultError;
+    mClient_2_3->getDisplayedContentSample(display, maxFrames, timestamp,
+                                           [&](const auto tmpError, auto tmpNumFrames,
+                                               const auto& tmpSamples0, const auto& tmpSamples1,
+                                               const auto& tmpSamples2, const auto& tmpSamples3) {
+                                               error = tmpError;
+                                               if (error == Error::NONE) {
+                                                   outStats->numFrames = tmpNumFrames;
+                                                   outStats->component_0_sample = tmpSamples0;
+                                                   outStats->component_1_sample = tmpSamples1;
+                                                   outStats->component_2_sample = tmpSamples2;
+                                                   outStats->component_3_sample = tmpSamples3;
+                                               }
+                                           });
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+        Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(metadata);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    return mClient_2_3->setDisplayBrightness(display, brightness);
+}
+
+// Composer HAL 2.4
+
+Error HidlComposer::getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                           std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) {
+    if (!mClient_2_3) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    V2_4::Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    if (mClient_2_4) {
+        mClient_2_4->getDisplayCapabilities_2_4(display,
+                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
+                                                    error = tmpError;
+                                                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+                                                        return;
+                                                    }
+                                                    *outCapabilities = tmpCaps;
+                                                });
+    } else {
+        mClient_2_3
+                ->getDisplayCapabilities(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCaps) {
+                    error = static_cast<V2_4::Error>(tmpError);
+                    if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    outCapabilities->resize(tmpCaps.size());
+                    std::transform(tmpCaps.begin(), tmpCaps.end(), outCapabilities->begin(),
+                                   [](auto cap) { return static_cast<DisplayCapability>(cap); });
+                });
+    }
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getDisplayConnectionType(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getDisplayConnectionType(display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpType) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != V2_4::Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outType = tmpType;
+    });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(display,
+                                       [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpVsyncPeriod) {
+                                           error = tmpError;
+                                           if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                               return;
+                                           }
+
+                                           *outVsyncPeriod = tmpVsyncPeriod;
+                                       });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+        Display display, Config config,
+        const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+        VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(display, config, vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+                                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTimeline) {
+                                                    error = tmpError;
+                                                    if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                        return;
+                                                    }
+
+                                                    *outTimeline = tmpTimeline;
+                                                });
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display display, bool on) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    return mClient_2_4->setAutoLowLatencyMode(display, on);
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getSupportedContentTypes(
+        Display displayId, std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getSupportedContentTypes(displayId,
+                                          [&](const auto& tmpError,
+                                              const auto& tmpSupportedContentTypes) {
+                                              error = tmpError;
+                                              if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                                                  return;
+                                              }
+
+                                              *outSupportedContentTypes = tmpSupportedContentTypes;
+                                          });
+    return error;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setContentType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    return mClient_2_4->setContentType(display, contentType);
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                                  const std::string& key, bool mandatory,
+                                                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(display);
+    mWriter.selectLayer(layer);
+    mWriter.setLayerGenericMetadata(key, mandatory, value);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+V2_4::Error HidlComposer::getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) {
+    using Error = V2_4::Error;
+    if (!mClient_2_4) {
+        return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+    Error error = kDefaultError_2_4;
+    mClient_2_4->getLayerGenericMetadataKeys([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpKeys) {
+        error = tmpError;
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        *outKeys = tmpKeys;
+    });
+    return error;
+}
+
+Error HidlComposer::getClientTargetProperty(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
+    mReader.takeClientTargetProperty(display, outClientTargetProperty);
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+CommandReader::~CommandReader() {
+    resetData();
+}
+
+Error CommandReader::parse() {
+    resetData();
+
+    IComposerClient::Command command;
+    uint16_t length = 0;
+
+    while (!isEmpty()) {
+        if (!beginCommand(&command, &length)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        bool parsed = false;
+        switch (command) {
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_DISPLAY:
+                parsed = parseSelectDisplay(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_ERROR:
+                parsed = parseSetError(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES:
+                parsed = parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS:
+                parsed = parseSetDisplayRequests(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_PRESENT_FENCE:
+                parsed = parseSetPresentFence(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_RELEASE_FENCES:
+                parsed = parseSetReleaseFences(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command ::SET_PRESENT_OR_VALIDATE_DISPLAY_RESULT:
+                parsed = parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(length);
+                break;
+            case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CLIENT_TARGET_PROPERTY:
+                parsed = parseSetClientTargetProperty(length);
+                break;
+            default:
+                parsed = false;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        endCommand();
+
+        if (!parsed) {
+            ALOGE("failed to parse command 0x%x length %" PRIu16, command, length);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return isEmpty() ? Error::NONE : Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSelectDisplayLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mCurrentReturnData = &mReturnData[read64()];
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetError(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetErrorLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto location = read();
+    auto error = static_cast<Error>(readSigned());
+
+    mErrors.emplace_back(CommandError{location, error});
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length) {
+    // (layer id, composition type) pairs
+    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t count = length / 3;
+    mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto type = static_cast<IComposerClient::Composition>(readSigned());
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->changedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->compositionTypes.push_back(type);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length) {
+    // display requests followed by (layer id, layer requests) pairs
+    if (length % 3 != 1 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mCurrentReturnData->displayRequests = read();
+
+    uint32_t count = (length - 1) / 3;
+    mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto layerRequestMask = read();
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->requestedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->requestMasks.push_back(layerRequestMask);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetPresentFenceLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (mCurrentReturnData->presentFence >= 0) {
+        close(mCurrentReturnData->presentFence);
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->presentFence = readFence();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length) {
+    // (layer id, release fence index) pairs
+    if (length % 3 != 0 || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t count = length / 3;
+    mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.reserve(count);
+    mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        auto layer = read64();
+        auto fence = readFence();
+
+        mCurrentReturnData->releasedLayers.push_back(layer);
+        mCurrentReturnData->releaseFences.push_back(fence);
+
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kPresentOrValidateDisplayResultLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->presentOrValidateState = read();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length) {
+    if (length != CommandWriterBase::kSetClientTargetPropertyLength || !mCurrentReturnData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.pixelFormat = static_cast<PixelFormat>(readSigned());
+    mCurrentReturnData->clientTargetProperty.dataspace = static_cast<Dataspace>(readSigned());
+    return true;
+}
+
+void CommandReader::resetData() {
+    mErrors.clear();
+
+    for (auto& data : mReturnData) {
+        if (data.second.presentFence >= 0) {
+            close(data.second.presentFence);
+        }
+        for (auto fence : data.second.releaseFences) {
+            if (fence >= 0) {
+                close(fence);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mReturnData.clear();
+    mCurrentReturnData = nullptr;
+}
+
+std::vector<CommandReader::CommandError> CommandReader::takeErrors() {
+    return std::move(mErrors);
+}
+
+bool CommandReader::hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
+                               uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = 0;
+        *outNumLayerRequestMasks = 0;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = data.compositionTypes.size();
+    *outNumLayerRequestMasks = data.requestMasks.size();
+
+    return !(data.compositionTypes.empty() && data.requestMasks.empty());
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeChangedCompositionTypes(
+        Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outTypes->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.changedLayers);
+    *outTypes = std::move(data.compositionTypes);
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                                        std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                        std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outDisplayRequestMask = 0;
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outLayerRequestMasks->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outDisplayRequestMask = data.displayRequests;
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.requestedLayers);
+    *outLayerRequestMasks = std::move(data.requestMasks);
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                      std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outLayers->clear();
+        outReleaseFences->clear();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outLayers = std::move(data.releasedLayers);
+    *outReleaseFences = std::move(data.releaseFences);
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *outPresentFence = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+
+    *outPresentFence = data.presentFence;
+    data.presentFence = -1;
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        *state = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+    *state = data.presentOrValidateState;
+}
+
+void CommandReader::takeClientTargetProperty(
+        Display display, IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) {
+    auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
+
+    // If not found, return the default values.
+    if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
+        outClientTargetProperty->pixelFormat = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
+        outClientTargetProperty->dataspace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ReturnData& data = found->second;
+    *outClientTargetProperty = data.clientTargetProperty;
+}
+
+} // namespace Hwc2
+} // namespace android
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad253a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HidlComposerHal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ComposerHal.h"
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
+
+#include <composer-command-buffer/2.4/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
+#include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
+#include <gui/HdrMetadata.h>
+#include <math/mat4.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayedFrameStats.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
+
+namespace android::Hwc2 {
+
+namespace types = hardware::graphics::common;
+
+namespace V2_1 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1;
+namespace V2_2 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_2;
+namespace V2_3 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3;
+namespace V2_4 = hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4;
+
+using types::V1_0::ColorTransform;
+using types::V1_0::Transform;
+using types::V1_1::RenderIntent;
+using types::V1_2::ColorMode;
+using types::V1_2::Dataspace;
+using types::V1_2::Hdr;
+using types::V1_2::PixelFormat;
+
+using V2_1::Config;
+using V2_1::Display;
+using V2_1::Error;
+using V2_1::Layer;
+using V2_4::CommandReaderBase;
+using V2_4::CommandWriterBase;
+using V2_4::IComposer;
+using V2_4::IComposerCallback;
+using V2_4::IComposerClient;
+using V2_4::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline;
+using V2_4::VsyncPeriodNanos;
+using DisplayCapability = IComposerClient::DisplayCapability;
+using PerFrameMetadata = IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata;
+using PerFrameMetadataKey = IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey;
+using PerFrameMetadataBlob = IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob;
+
+class CommandReader : public CommandReaderBase {
+public:
+    ~CommandReader();
+
+    // Parse and execute commands from the command queue.  The commands are
+    // actually return values from the server and will be saved in ReturnData.
+    Error parse();
+
+    // Get and clear saved errors.
+    struct CommandError {
+        uint32_t location;
+        Error error;
+    };
+    std::vector<CommandError> takeErrors();
+
+    bool hasChanges(Display display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
+                    uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const;
+
+    // Get and clear saved changed composition types.
+    void takeChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes);
+
+    // Get and clear saved display requests.
+    void takeDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks);
+
+    // Get and clear saved release fences.
+    void takeReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences);
+
+    // Get and clear saved present fence.
+    void takePresentFence(Display display, int* outPresentFence);
+
+    // Get what stage succeeded during PresentOrValidate: Present or Validate
+    void takePresentOrValidateStage(Display display, uint32_t* state);
+
+    // Get the client target properties requested by hardware composer.
+    void takeClientTargetProperty(Display display,
+                                  IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty);
+
+private:
+    void resetData();
+
+    bool parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetError(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetDisplayRequests(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetPresentFence(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetReleaseFences(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(uint16_t length);
+    bool parseSetClientTargetProperty(uint16_t length);
+
+    struct ReturnData {
+        uint32_t displayRequests = 0;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> changedLayers;
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition> compositionTypes;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> requestedLayers;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> requestMasks;
+
+        int presentFence = -1;
+
+        std::vector<Layer> releasedLayers;
+        std::vector<int> releaseFences;
+
+        uint32_t presentOrValidateState;
+
+        // Composer 2.4 implementation can return a client target property
+        // structure to indicate the client target properties that hardware
+        // composer requests. The composer client must change the client target
+        // properties to match this request.
+        IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty clientTargetProperty{PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
+                                                                   Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
+    };
+
+    std::vector<CommandError> mErrors;
+    std::unordered_map<Display, ReturnData> mReturnData;
+
+    // When SELECT_DISPLAY is parsed, this is updated to point to the
+    // display's return data in mReturnData.  We use it to avoid repeated
+    // map lookups.
+    ReturnData* mCurrentReturnData;
+};
+
+// Composer is a wrapper to IComposer, a proxy to server-side composer.
+class HidlComposer final : public Composer {
+public:
+    explicit HidlComposer(const std::string& serviceName);
+    ~HidlComposer() override;
+
+    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities() override;
+    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
+
+    void registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
+
+    // Reset all pending commands in the command buffer. Useful if you want to
+    // skip a frame but have already queued some commands.
+    void resetCommands() override;
+
+    // Explicitly flush all pending commands in the command buffer.
+    Error executeCommands() override;
+
+    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
+    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat* format,
+                               Display* outDisplay) override;
+    Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
+
+    Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
+
+    Error createLayer(Display display, Layer* outLayer) override;
+    Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
+
+    Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config* outConfig) override;
+    Error getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                                     std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outTypes) override;
+    Error getColorModes(Display display, std::vector<ColorMode>* outModes) override;
+    Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config, IComposerClient::Attribute attribute,
+                              int32_t* outValue) override;
+    Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, std::vector<Config>* outConfigs);
+    Error getDisplayName(Display display, std::string* outName) override;
+
+    Error getDisplayRequests(Display display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
+                             std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) override;
+
+    Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool* outSupport) override;
+    Error getHdrCapabilities(Display display, std::vector<Hdr>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
+                             float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance) override;
+
+    Error getReleaseFences(Display display, std::vector<Layer>* outLayers,
+                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) override;
+
+    Error presentDisplay(Display display, int* outPresentFence) override;
+
+    Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
+
+    /*
+     * The composer caches client targets internally.  When target is nullptr,
+     * the composer uses slot to look up the client target from its cache.
+     * When target is not nullptr, the cache is updated with the new target.
+     */
+    Error setClientTarget(Display display, uint32_t slot, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& target,
+                          int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+                          const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode, RenderIntent renderIntent) override;
+    Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) override;
+    Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                          int releaseFence) override;
+    Error setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) override;
+    Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled) override;
+
+    Error setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display) override;
+
+    Error validateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                          uint32_t* outNumRequests) override;
+
+    Error presentOrValidateDisplay(Display display, uint32_t* outNumTypes, uint32_t* outNumRequests,
+                                   int* outPresentFence, uint32_t* state) override;
+
+    Error setCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
+    /* see setClientTarget for the purpose of slot */
+    Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t slot,
+                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, int acquireFence) override;
+    Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage) override;
+    Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, IComposerClient::BlendMode mode) override;
+    Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer, const IComposerClient::Color& color) override;
+    Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                  IComposerClient::Composition type) override;
+    Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) override;
+    Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+                               const IComposerClient::Rect& frame) override;
+    Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha) override;
+    Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                 const native_handle_t* stream) override;
+    Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+                             const IComposerClient::FRect& crop) override;
+    Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer, Transform transform) override;
+    Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+                                const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible) override;
+    Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.2
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadata(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata>& perFrameMetadatas) override;
+    std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataKey> getPerFrameMetadataKeys(
+            Display display) override;
+    Error getRenderIntents(Display display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                           std::vector<RenderIntent>* outRenderIntents) override;
+    Error getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(Dataspace dataspace, mat4* outMatrix) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.3
+    Error getDisplayIdentificationData(Display display, uint8_t* outPort,
+                                       std::vector<uint8_t>* outData) override;
+    Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(Display display, PixelFormat* outFormat,
+                                                Dataspace* outDataspace,
+                                                uint8_t* outComponentMask) override;
+    Error setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(Display display, bool enabled, uint8_t componentMask,
+                                           uint64_t maxFrames) override;
+    Error getDisplayedContentSample(Display display, uint64_t maxFrames, uint64_t timestamp,
+                                    DisplayedFrameStats* outStats) override;
+    Error setLayerPerFrameMetadataBlobs(
+            Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob>& metadata) override;
+    Error setDisplayBrightness(Display display, float brightness) override;
+
+    // Composer HAL 2.4
+    bool isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported() override { return mClient_2_4 != nullptr; }
+    Error getDisplayCapabilities(Display display,
+                                 std::vector<DisplayCapability>* outCapabilities) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayConnectionType(Display display,
+                                         IComposerClient::DisplayConnectionType* outType) override;
+    V2_4::Error getDisplayVsyncPeriod(Display display, VsyncPeriodNanos* outVsyncPeriod) override;
+    V2_4::Error setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+            Display display, Config config,
+            const IComposerClient::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& vsyncPeriodChangeConstraints,
+            VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* outTimeline) override;
+    V2_4::Error setAutoLowLatencyMode(Display displayId, bool on) override;
+    V2_4::Error getSupportedContentTypes(
+            Display displayId,
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::ContentType>* outSupportedContentTypes) override;
+    V2_4::Error setContentType(Display displayId,
+                               IComposerClient::ContentType contentType) override;
+    V2_4::Error setLayerGenericMetadata(Display display, Layer layer, const std::string& key,
+                                        bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) override;
+    V2_4::Error getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::LayerGenericMetadataKey>* outKeys) override;
+    Error getClientTargetProperty(
+            Display display,
+            IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty) override;
+
+private:
+    class CommandWriter : public CommandWriterBase {
+    public:
+        explicit CommandWriter(uint32_t initialMaxSize) : CommandWriterBase(initialMaxSize) {}
+        ~CommandWriter() override {}
+    };
+
+    // Many public functions above simply write a command into the command
+    // queue to batch the calls.  validateDisplay and presentDisplay will call
+    // this function to execute the command queue.
+    Error execute();
+
+    sp<V2_1::IComposer> mComposer;
+
+    sp<V2_1::IComposerClient> mClient;
+    sp<V2_2::IComposerClient> mClient_2_2;
+    sp<V2_3::IComposerClient> mClient_2_3;
+    sp<IComposerClient> mClient_2_4;
+
+    // 64KiB minus a small space for metadata such as read/write pointers
+    static constexpr size_t kWriterInitialSize = 64 * 1024 / sizeof(uint32_t) - 16;
+    // Max number of buffers that may be cached for a given layer
+    // We obtain this number by:
+    // 1. Tightly coupling this cache to the max size of BufferQueue
+    // 2. Adding an additional slot for the layer caching feature in SurfaceFlinger (see: Planner.h)
+    static const constexpr uint32_t kMaxLayerBufferCount = BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS + 1;
+    CommandWriter mWriter;
+    CommandReader mReader;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::Hwc2
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
index 1765caf..5c2390e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "PowerAdvisor"
 
+#include <unistd.h>
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
 
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -27,6 +30,9 @@
 
 #include <android/hardware/power/1.3/IPower.h>
 #include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPowerHintSession.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/WorkDuration.h>
+
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 
 #include "../SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
@@ -47,10 +53,14 @@
 
 using android::hardware::power::Boost;
 using android::hardware::power::IPower;
+using android::hardware::power::IPowerHintSession;
 using android::hardware::power::Mode;
-using base::GetIntProperty;
+using android::hardware::power::WorkDuration;
+
 using scheduler::OneShotTimer;
 
+class AidlPowerHalWrapper;
+
 PowerAdvisor::~PowerAdvisor() = default;
 
 namespace {
@@ -83,6 +93,13 @@
 
 void PowerAdvisor::onBootFinished() {
     mBootFinished.store(true);
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr && usePowerHintSession()) {
+            mPowerHintSessionRunning = halWrapper->startPowerHintSession();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void PowerAdvisor::setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) {
@@ -136,6 +153,80 @@
     }
 }
 
+// checks both if it supports and if it's enabled
+bool PowerAdvisor::usePowerHintSession() {
+    // uses cached value since the underlying support and flag are unlikely to change at runtime
+    ALOGE_IF(!mPowerHintEnabled.has_value(), "Power hint session cannot be used before boot!");
+    return mPowerHintEnabled.value_or(false) && supportsPowerHintSession();
+}
+
+bool PowerAdvisor::supportsPowerHintSession() {
+    // cache to avoid needing lock every time
+    if (!mSupportsPowerHint.has_value()) {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        mSupportsPowerHint = halWrapper->supportsPowerHintSession();
+    }
+    return *mSupportsPowerHint;
+}
+
+bool PowerAdvisor::isPowerHintSessionRunning() {
+    return mPowerHintSessionRunning;
+}
+
+void PowerAdvisor::setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) {
+    // we check "supports" here not "usePowerHintSession" because this needs to work
+    // before the session is actually running, and "use" will always fail before boot
+    // we store the values passed in before boot to start the session with during onBootFinished
+    if (!supportsPowerHintSession()) {
+        ALOGV("Power hint session target duration cannot be set, skipping");
+        return;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr) {
+            halWrapper->setTargetWorkDuration(targetDurationNanos);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void PowerAdvisor::setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) {
+    // we check "supports" here not "usePowerHintSession" because this needs to wsork
+    // before the session is actually running, and "use" will always fail before boot.
+    // we store the values passed in before boot to start the session with during onBootFinished
+    if (!supportsPowerHintSession()) {
+        ALOGV("Power hint session thread ids cannot be set, skipping");
+        return;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr) {
+            halWrapper->setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const_cast<std::vector<int32_t>&>(threadIds));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void PowerAdvisor::sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timeStampNanos) {
+    if (!mBootFinished || !usePowerHintSession()) {
+        ALOGV("Actual work duration power hint cannot be sent, skipping");
+        return;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
+        HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
+        if (halWrapper != nullptr) {
+            halWrapper->sendActualWorkDuration(actualDurationNanos, timeStampNanos);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// needs to be set after the flag is known but before PowerAdvisor enters onBootFinished
+void PowerAdvisor::enablePowerHint(bool enabled) {
+    mPowerHintEnabled = enabled;
+}
+
 class HidlPowerHalWrapper : public PowerAdvisor::HalWrapper {
 public:
     HidlPowerHalWrapper(sp<V1_3::IPower> powerHal) : mPowerHal(std::move(powerHal)) {}
@@ -178,6 +269,26 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    bool supportsPowerHintSession() override { return false; }
+
+    bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override { return false; }
+
+    void restartPowerHintSession() override {}
+
+    void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>&) override {}
+
+    bool startPowerHintSession() override { return false; }
+
+    void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t) override {}
+
+    void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t, nsecs_t) override {}
+
+    bool shouldReconnectHAL() override { return false; }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> getPowerHintSessionThreadIds() override { return std::vector<int32_t>{}; }
+
+    std::optional<int64_t> getTargetWorkDuration() override { return std::nullopt; }
+
 private:
     const sp<V1_3::IPower> mPowerHal = nullptr;
 };
@@ -195,9 +306,21 @@
         if (!ret.isOk()) {
             mHasDisplayUpdateImminent = false;
         }
+
+        // This just gives a number not a binder status, so no .isOk()
+        mSupportsPowerHints = mPowerHal->getInterfaceVersion() >= 2;
+
+        if (mSupportsPowerHints) {
+            mPowerHintQueue.reserve(MAX_QUEUE_SIZE);
+        }
     }
 
-    ~AidlPowerHalWrapper() override = default;
+    ~AidlPowerHalWrapper() override {
+        if (mPowerHintSession != nullptr) {
+            mPowerHintSession->close();
+            mPowerHintSession = nullptr;
+        }
+    };
 
     static std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> connect() {
         // This only waits if the service is actually declared
@@ -232,10 +355,147 @@
         return ret.isOk();
     }
 
+    // only version 2+ of the aidl supports power hint sessions, hidl has no support
+    bool supportsPowerHintSession() override { return mSupportsPowerHints; }
+
+    bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override { return mPowerHintSession != nullptr; }
+
+    void closePowerHintSession() {
+        if (mPowerHintSession != nullptr) {
+            mPowerHintSession->close();
+            mPowerHintSession = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void restartPowerHintSession() {
+        closePowerHintSession();
+        startPowerHintSession();
+    }
+
+    void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) override {
+        if (threadIds != mPowerHintThreadIds) {
+            mPowerHintThreadIds = threadIds;
+            if (isPowerHintSessionRunning()) {
+                restartPowerHintSession();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool startPowerHintSession() override {
+        if (mPowerHintSession != nullptr || !mPowerHintTargetDuration.has_value() ||
+            mPowerHintThreadIds.empty()) {
+            ALOGV("Cannot start power hint session, skipping");
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto ret = mPowerHal->createHintSession(getpid(), static_cast<int32_t>(getuid()),
+                                                mPowerHintThreadIds, *mPowerHintTargetDuration,
+                                                &mPowerHintSession);
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            ALOGW("Failed to start power hint session with error: %s",
+                  ret.exceptionToString(ret.exceptionCode()).c_str());
+            // Indicate to the poweradvisor that this wrapper likely needs to be remade
+            mShouldReconnectHal = true;
+        }
+        return isPowerHintSessionRunning();
+    }
+
+    bool shouldSetTargetDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) {
+        if (!mLastTargetDurationSent.has_value()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // report if the change in target from our last submission to now exceeds the threshold
+        return abs(1.0 -
+                   static_cast<double>(*mLastTargetDurationSent) /
+                           static_cast<double>(targetDurationNanos)) >=
+                ALLOWED_TARGET_DEVIATION_PERCENT;
+    }
+
+    void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) override {
+        mPowerHintTargetDuration = targetDurationNanos;
+        if (shouldSetTargetDuration(targetDurationNanos) && isPowerHintSessionRunning()) {
+            mLastTargetDurationSent = targetDurationNanos;
+            auto ret = mPowerHintSession->updateTargetWorkDuration(targetDurationNanos);
+            if (!ret.isOk()) {
+                ALOGW("Failed to set power hint target work duration with error: %s",
+                      ret.exceptionMessage().c_str());
+                mShouldReconnectHal = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool shouldReportActualDurationsNow() {
+        // report if we have never reported before or have exceeded the max queue size
+        if (!mLastMessageReported.has_value() || mPowerHintQueue.size() >= MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // duration of most recent timing
+        const double mostRecentActualDuration =
+                static_cast<double>(mPowerHintQueue.back().durationNanos);
+        // duration of the last timing actually reported to the powerhal
+        const double lastReportedActualDuration =
+                static_cast<double>(mLastMessageReported->durationNanos);
+
+        // report if the change in duration from then to now exceeds the threshold
+        return abs(1.0 - mostRecentActualDuration / lastReportedActualDuration) >=
+                ALLOWED_ACTUAL_DEVIATION_PERCENT;
+    }
+
+    void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timeStampNanos) override {
+        if (actualDurationNanos < 0 || !isPowerHintSessionRunning()) {
+            ALOGV("Failed to send actual work duration, skipping");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        WorkDuration duration;
+        duration.durationNanos = actualDurationNanos;
+        duration.timeStampNanos = timeStampNanos;
+        mPowerHintQueue.push_back(duration);
+
+        // This rate limiter queues similar duration reports to the powerhal into
+        // batches to avoid excessive binder calls. The criteria to send a given batch
+        // are outlined in shouldReportActualDurationsNow()
+        if (shouldReportActualDurationsNow()) {
+            auto ret = mPowerHintSession->reportActualWorkDuration(mPowerHintQueue);
+            if (!ret.isOk()) {
+                ALOGW("Failed to report actual work durations with error: %s",
+                      ret.exceptionMessage().c_str());
+                mShouldReconnectHal = true;
+            }
+            mPowerHintQueue.clear();
+            mLastMessageReported = duration;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool shouldReconnectHAL() override { return mShouldReconnectHal; }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> getPowerHintSessionThreadIds() override { return mPowerHintThreadIds; }
+
+    std::optional<int64_t> getTargetWorkDuration() override { return mPowerHintTargetDuration; }
+
 private:
+    // max number of messages allowed in mPowerHintQueue before reporting is forced
+    static constexpr int32_t MAX_QUEUE_SIZE = 15;
+    // max percent the actual duration can vary without causing a report (eg: 0.1 = 10%)
+    static constexpr double ALLOWED_ACTUAL_DEVIATION_PERCENT = 0.1;
+    // max percent the target duration can vary without causing a report (eg: 0.05 = 5%)
+    static constexpr double ALLOWED_TARGET_DEVIATION_PERCENT = 0.05;
+
     const sp<IPower> mPowerHal = nullptr;
     bool mHasExpensiveRendering = false;
     bool mHasDisplayUpdateImminent = false;
+    bool mShouldReconnectHal = false; // used to indicate an error state and need for reconstruction
+    // This is not thread safe, but is currently protected by mPowerHalMutex so it needs no lock
+    sp<IPowerHintSession> mPowerHintSession = nullptr;
+    std::vector<WorkDuration> mPowerHintQueue;
+    // halwrapper owns these values so we can init when we want and reconnect if broken
+    std::optional<int64_t> mPowerHintTargetDuration;
+    std::vector<int32_t> mPowerHintThreadIds;
+    // keep track of the last messages sent for rate limiter change detection
+    std::optional<WorkDuration> mLastMessageReported;
+    std::optional<int64_t> mLastTargetDurationSent;
+    bool mSupportsPowerHints;
 };
 
 PowerAdvisor::HalWrapper* PowerAdvisor::getPowerHal() {
@@ -246,6 +506,15 @@
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    // grab old hint session values before we destroy any existing wrapper
+    std::vector<int32_t> oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds;
+    std::optional<int64_t> oldTargetWorkDuration;
+
+    if (sHalWrapper != nullptr) {
+        oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds = sHalWrapper->getPowerHintSessionThreadIds();
+        oldTargetWorkDuration = sHalWrapper->getTargetWorkDuration();
+    }
+
     // If we used to have a HAL, but it stopped responding, attempt to reconnect
     if (mReconnectPowerHal) {
         sHalWrapper = nullptr;
@@ -253,15 +522,34 @@
     }
 
     if (sHalWrapper != nullptr) {
-        return sHalWrapper.get();
+        auto wrapper = sHalWrapper.get();
+        // if the wrapper is fine, return it, but if it indicates a reconnect, remake it
+        if (!wrapper->shouldReconnectHAL()) {
+            return wrapper;
+        }
+        sHalWrapper = nullptr;
     }
 
+    // at this point, we know for sure there is no running session
+    mPowerHintSessionRunning = false;
+
     // First attempt to connect to the AIDL Power HAL
     sHalWrapper = AidlPowerHalWrapper::connect();
 
     // If that didn't succeed, attempt to connect to the HIDL Power HAL
     if (sHalWrapper == nullptr) {
         sHalWrapper = HidlPowerHalWrapper::connect();
+    } else { // if AIDL, pass on any existing hint session values
+        // thread ids always safe to set
+        sHalWrapper->setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds);
+        // only set duration and start if duration is defined
+        if (oldTargetWorkDuration.has_value()) {
+            sHalWrapper->setTargetWorkDuration(*oldTargetWorkDuration);
+            // only start if possible to run and both threadids and duration are defined
+            if (usePowerHintSession() && !oldPowerHintSessionThreadIds.empty()) {
+                mPowerHintSessionRunning = sHalWrapper->startPowerHintSession();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // If we make it to this point and still don't have a HAL, it's unlikely we
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
index f2d0766..b8fd17d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@
     virtual void setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) = 0;
     virtual bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() = 0;
     virtual void notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() = 0;
+    virtual bool usePowerHintSession() = 0;
+    virtual bool supportsPowerHintSession() = 0;
+    virtual bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() = 0;
+    virtual void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) = 0;
+    virtual void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) = 0;
+    virtual void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp) = 0;
+    virtual void enablePowerHint(bool enabled) = 0;
 };
 
 namespace impl {
@@ -54,6 +61,17 @@
 
         virtual bool setExpensiveRendering(bool enabled) = 0;
         virtual bool notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() = 0;
+        virtual bool supportsPowerHintSession() = 0;
+        virtual bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() = 0;
+        virtual void restartPowerHintSession() = 0;
+        virtual void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) = 0;
+        virtual bool startPowerHintSession() = 0;
+        virtual void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) = 0;
+        virtual void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos,
+                                            nsecs_t timeStampNanos) = 0;
+        virtual bool shouldReconnectHAL() = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<int32_t> getPowerHintSessionThreadIds() = 0;
+        virtual std::optional<int64_t> getTargetWorkDuration() = 0;
     };
 
     PowerAdvisor(SurfaceFlinger& flinger);
@@ -62,8 +80,15 @@
     void init() override;
     void onBootFinished() override;
     void setExpensiveRenderingExpected(DisplayId displayId, bool expected) override;
-    bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() override { return mNotifiedExpensiveRendering; }
+    bool isUsingExpensiveRendering() override { return mNotifiedExpensiveRendering; };
     void notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() override;
+    bool usePowerHintSession() override;
+    bool supportsPowerHintSession() override;
+    bool isPowerHintSessionRunning() override;
+    void setTargetWorkDuration(int64_t targetDurationNanos) override;
+    void setPowerHintSessionThreadIds(const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds) override;
+    void sendActualWorkDuration(int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp) override;
+    void enablePowerHint(bool enabled) override;
 
 private:
     HalWrapper* getPowerHal() REQUIRES(mPowerHalMutex);
@@ -71,6 +96,9 @@
     std::mutex mPowerHalMutex;
 
     std::atomic_bool mBootFinished = false;
+    std::optional<bool> mPowerHintEnabled;
+    std::optional<bool> mSupportsPowerHint;
+    bool mPowerHintSessionRunning = false;
 
     std::unordered_set<DisplayId> mExpensiveDisplays;
     bool mNotifiedExpensiveRendering = false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp
index 82a9ae2..b4fb51f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp
@@ -21,20 +21,18 @@
 // #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 #include "VirtualDisplaySurface.h"
 
-#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <cinttypes>
 
 #include "HWComposer.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 
+#include <ftl/Flags.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <gui/BufferItem.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
 #include <system/window.h>
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-namespace android {
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 #define VDS_LOGE(msg, ...) ALOGE("[%s] " msg, \
         mDisplayName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define VDS_LOGW_IF(cond, msg, ...) ALOGW_IF(cond, "[%s] " msg, \
@@ -42,20 +40,11 @@
 #define VDS_LOGV(msg, ...) ALOGV("[%s] " msg, \
         mDisplayName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
-static const char* dbgCompositionTypeStr(compositionengine::DisplaySurface::CompositionType type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case compositionengine::DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_UNKNOWN:
-            return "UNKNOWN";
-        case compositionengine::DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_GPU:
-            return "GPU";
-        case compositionengine::DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_HWC:
-            return "HWC";
-        case compositionengine::DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_MIXED:
-            return "MIXED";
-        default:
-            return "<INVALID>";
-    }
-}
+#define UNSUPPORTED()                                               \
+    VDS_LOGE("%s: Invalid operation on virtual display", __func__); \
+    return INVALID_OPERATION
+
+namespace android {
 
 VirtualDisplaySurface::VirtualDisplaySurface(HWComposer& hwc, VirtualDisplayId displayId,
                                              const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& sink,
@@ -76,14 +65,10 @@
         mQueueBufferOutput(),
         mSinkBufferWidth(0),
         mSinkBufferHeight(0),
-        mCompositionType(COMPOSITION_UNKNOWN),
         mFbFence(Fence::NO_FENCE),
         mOutputFence(Fence::NO_FENCE),
         mFbProducerSlot(BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT),
         mOutputProducerSlot(BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT),
-        mDbgState(DBG_STATE_IDLE),
-        mDbgLastCompositionType(COMPOSITION_UNKNOWN),
-        mMustRecompose(false),
         mForceHwcCopy(SurfaceFlinger::useHwcForRgbToYuv) {
     mSource[SOURCE_SINK] = sink;
     mSource[SOURCE_SCRATCH] = bqProducer;
@@ -131,9 +116,9 @@
 
     mMustRecompose = mustRecompose;
 
-    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_IDLE,
-            "Unexpected beginFrame() in %s state", dbgStateStr());
-    mDbgState = DBG_STATE_BEGUN;
+    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Idle, "Unexpected %s in %s state", __func__,
+                ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
+    mDebugState = DebugState::Begun;
 
     return refreshOutputBuffer();
 }
@@ -143,12 +128,12 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_BEGUN,
-            "Unexpected prepareFrame() in %s state", dbgStateStr());
-    mDbgState = DBG_STATE_PREPARED;
+    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Begun, "Unexpected %s in %s state", __func__,
+                ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
+    mDebugState = DebugState::Prepared;
 
     mCompositionType = compositionType;
-    if (mForceHwcCopy && mCompositionType == COMPOSITION_GPU) {
+    if (mForceHwcCopy && mCompositionType == CompositionType::Gpu) {
         // Some hardware can do RGB->YUV conversion more efficiently in hardware
         // controlled by HWC than in hardware controlled by the video encoder.
         // Forcing GPU-composed frames to go through an extra copy by the HWC
@@ -157,16 +142,16 @@
         //
         // On the other hand, when the consumer prefers RGB or can consume RGB
         // inexpensively, this forces an unnecessary copy.
-        mCompositionType = COMPOSITION_MIXED;
+        mCompositionType = CompositionType::Mixed;
     }
 
-    if (mCompositionType != mDbgLastCompositionType) {
-        VDS_LOGV("prepareFrame: composition type changed to %s",
-                dbgCompositionTypeStr(mCompositionType));
-        mDbgLastCompositionType = mCompositionType;
+    if (mCompositionType != mDebugLastCompositionType) {
+        VDS_LOGV("%s: composition type changed to %s", __func__,
+                 toString(mCompositionType).c_str());
+        mDebugLastCompositionType = mCompositionType;
     }
 
-    if (mCompositionType != COMPOSITION_GPU &&
+    if (mCompositionType != CompositionType::Gpu &&
         (mOutputFormat != mDefaultOutputFormat || mOutputUsage != GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER)) {
         // We must have just switched from GPU-only to MIXED or HWC
         // composition. Stop using the format and usage requested by the GPU
@@ -191,33 +176,32 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    if (mCompositionType == COMPOSITION_HWC) {
-        VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_PREPARED,
-                "Unexpected advanceFrame() in %s state on HWC frame",
-                dbgStateStr());
+    if (mCompositionType == CompositionType::Hwc) {
+        VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Prepared, "Unexpected %s in %s state on HWC frame",
+                    __func__, ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
     } else {
-        VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_GPU_DONE,
-                    "Unexpected advanceFrame() in %s state on GPU/MIXED frame", dbgStateStr());
+        VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::GpuDone,
+                    "Unexpected %s in %s state on GPU/MIXED frame", __func__,
+                    ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
     }
-    mDbgState = DBG_STATE_HWC;
+    mDebugState = DebugState::Hwc;
 
     if (mOutputProducerSlot < 0 ||
-            (mCompositionType != COMPOSITION_HWC && mFbProducerSlot < 0)) {
+        (mCompositionType != CompositionType::Hwc && mFbProducerSlot < 0)) {
         // Last chance bailout if something bad happened earlier. For example,
         // in a graphics API configuration, if the sink disappears then dequeueBuffer
         // will fail, the GPU driver won't queue a buffer, but SurfaceFlinger
         // will soldier on. So we end up here without a buffer. There should
         // be lots of scary messages in the log just before this.
-        VDS_LOGE("advanceFrame: no buffer, bailing out");
+        VDS_LOGE("%s: no buffer, bailing out", __func__);
         return NO_MEMORY;
     }
 
     sp<GraphicBuffer> fbBuffer = mFbProducerSlot >= 0 ?
             mProducerBuffers[mFbProducerSlot] : sp<GraphicBuffer>(nullptr);
     sp<GraphicBuffer> outBuffer = mProducerBuffers[mOutputProducerSlot];
-    VDS_LOGV("advanceFrame: fb=%d(%p) out=%d(%p)",
-            mFbProducerSlot, fbBuffer.get(),
-            mOutputProducerSlot, outBuffer.get());
+    VDS_LOGV("%s: fb=%d(%p) out=%d(%p)", __func__, mFbProducerSlot, fbBuffer.get(),
+             mOutputProducerSlot, outBuffer.get());
 
     const auto halDisplayId = HalVirtualDisplayId::tryCast(mDisplayId);
     LOG_FATAL_IF(!halDisplayId);
@@ -245,16 +229,16 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_HWC,
-            "Unexpected onFrameCommitted() in %s state", dbgStateStr());
-    mDbgState = DBG_STATE_IDLE;
+    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Hwc, "Unexpected %s in %s state", __func__,
+                ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
+    mDebugState = DebugState::Idle;
 
     sp<Fence> retireFence = mHwc.getPresentFence(*halDisplayId);
-    if (mCompositionType == COMPOSITION_MIXED && mFbProducerSlot >= 0) {
+    if (mCompositionType == CompositionType::Mixed && mFbProducerSlot >= 0) {
         // release the scratch buffer back to the pool
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
         int sslot = mapProducer2SourceSlot(SOURCE_SCRATCH, mFbProducerSlot);
-        VDS_LOGV("onFrameCommitted: release scratch sslot=%d", sslot);
+        VDS_LOGV("%s: release scratch sslot=%d", __func__, sslot);
         addReleaseFenceLocked(sslot, mProducerBuffers[mFbProducerSlot],
                 retireFence);
         releaseBufferLocked(sslot, mProducerBuffers[mFbProducerSlot]);
@@ -263,7 +247,7 @@
     if (mOutputProducerSlot >= 0) {
         int sslot = mapProducer2SourceSlot(SOURCE_SINK, mOutputProducerSlot);
         QueueBufferOutput qbo;
-        VDS_LOGV("onFrameCommitted: queue sink sslot=%d", sslot);
+        VDS_LOGV("%s: queue sink sslot=%d", __func__, sslot);
         if (mMustRecompose) {
             status_t result = mSource[SOURCE_SINK]->queueBuffer(sslot,
                     QueueBufferInput(
@@ -308,8 +292,8 @@
         return mSource[SOURCE_SINK]->requestBuffer(pslot, outBuf);
     }
 
-    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_GPU, "Unexpected requestBuffer pslot=%d in %s state", pslot,
-                dbgStateStr());
+    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Gpu, "Unexpected %s pslot=%d in %s state", __func__,
+                pslot, ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
 
     *outBuf = mProducerBuffers[pslot];
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -334,8 +318,8 @@
     if (result < 0)
         return result;
     int pslot = mapSource2ProducerSlot(source, *sslot);
-    VDS_LOGV("dequeueBuffer(%s): sslot=%d pslot=%d result=%d",
-            dbgSourceStr(source), *sslot, pslot, result);
+    VDS_LOGV("%s(%s): sslot=%d pslot=%d result=%d", __func__, ftl::enum_string(source).c_str(),
+             *sslot, pslot, result);
     uint64_t sourceBit = static_cast<uint64_t>(source) << pslot;
 
     // reset producer slot reallocation flag
@@ -363,10 +347,9 @@
             mSource[source]->cancelBuffer(*sslot, *fence);
             return result;
         }
-        VDS_LOGV("dequeueBuffer(%s): buffers[%d]=%p fmt=%d usage=%#" PRIx64,
-                dbgSourceStr(source), pslot, mProducerBuffers[pslot].get(),
-                mProducerBuffers[pslot]->getPixelFormat(),
-                mProducerBuffers[pslot]->getUsage());
+        VDS_LOGV("%s(%s): buffers[%d]=%p fmt=%d usage=%#" PRIx64, __func__,
+                 ftl::enum_string(source).c_str(), pslot, mProducerBuffers[pslot].get(),
+                 mProducerBuffers[pslot]->getPixelFormat(), mProducerBuffers[pslot]->getUsage());
 
         // propagate reallocation to VDS consumer
         mProducerSlotNeedReallocation |= 1ULL << pslot;
@@ -384,11 +367,11 @@
                                                    outTimestamps);
     }
 
-    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_PREPARED,
-            "Unexpected dequeueBuffer() in %s state", dbgStateStr());
-    mDbgState = DBG_STATE_GPU;
+    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Prepared, "Unexpected %s in %s state", __func__,
+                ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
+    mDebugState = DebugState::Gpu;
 
-    VDS_LOGV("dequeueBuffer %dx%d fmt=%d usage=%#" PRIx64, w, h, format, usage);
+    VDS_LOGV("%s %dx%d fmt=%d usage=%#" PRIx64, __func__, w, h, format, usage);
 
     status_t result = NO_ERROR;
     Source source = fbSourceForCompositionType(mCompositionType);
@@ -401,7 +384,7 @@
             // will fail, the GPU driver won't queue a buffer, but SurfaceFlinger
             // will soldier on. So we end up here without a buffer. There should
             // be lots of scary messages in the log just before this.
-            VDS_LOGE("dequeueBuffer: no buffer, bailing out");
+            VDS_LOGE("%s: no buffer, bailing out", __func__);
             return NO_MEMORY;
         }
 
@@ -417,12 +400,11 @@
                 (format != 0 && format != buf->getPixelFormat()) ||
                 (w != 0 && w != mSinkBufferWidth) ||
                 (h != 0 && h != mSinkBufferHeight)) {
-            VDS_LOGV("dequeueBuffer: dequeueing new output buffer: "
-                    "want %dx%d fmt=%d use=%#" PRIx64 ", "
-                    "have %dx%d fmt=%d use=%#" PRIx64,
-                    w, h, format, usage,
-                    mSinkBufferWidth, mSinkBufferHeight,
-                    buf->getPixelFormat(), buf->getUsage());
+            VDS_LOGV("%s: dequeueing new output buffer: "
+                     "want %dx%d fmt=%d use=%#" PRIx64 ", "
+                     "have %dx%d fmt=%d use=%#" PRIx64,
+                     __func__, w, h, format, usage, mSinkBufferWidth, mSinkBufferHeight,
+                     buf->getPixelFormat(), buf->getUsage());
             mOutputFormat = format;
             mOutputUsage = usage;
             result = refreshOutputBuffer();
@@ -452,21 +434,16 @@
     return result;
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::detachBuffer(int /* slot */) {
-    VDS_LOGE("detachBuffer is not available for VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::detachBuffer(int) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::detachNextBuffer(
-        sp<GraphicBuffer>* /* outBuffer */, sp<Fence>* /* outFence */) {
-    VDS_LOGE("detachNextBuffer is not available for VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::detachNextBuffer(sp<GraphicBuffer>*, sp<Fence>*) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::attachBuffer(int* /* outSlot */,
-        const sp<GraphicBuffer>& /* buffer */) {
-    VDS_LOGE("attachBuffer is not available for VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::attachBuffer(int*, const sp<GraphicBuffer>&) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
 status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::queueBuffer(int pslot,
@@ -475,14 +452,14 @@
         return mSource[SOURCE_SINK]->queueBuffer(pslot, input, output);
     }
 
-    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_GPU, "Unexpected queueBuffer(pslot=%d) in %s state", pslot,
-                dbgStateStr());
-    mDbgState = DBG_STATE_GPU_DONE;
+    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Gpu, "Unexpected %s(pslot=%d) in %s state", __func__,
+                pslot, ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
+    mDebugState = DebugState::GpuDone;
 
-    VDS_LOGV("queueBuffer pslot=%d", pslot);
+    VDS_LOGV("%s pslot=%d", __func__, pslot);
 
     status_t result;
-    if (mCompositionType == COMPOSITION_MIXED) {
+    if (mCompositionType == CompositionType::Mixed) {
         // Queue the buffer back into the scratch pool
         QueueBufferOutput scratchQBO;
         int sslot = mapProducer2SourceSlot(SOURCE_SCRATCH, pslot);
@@ -498,15 +475,15 @@
         if (result != NO_ERROR)
             return result;
         VDS_LOGW_IF(item.mSlot != sslot,
-                "queueBuffer: acquired sslot %d from SCRATCH after queueing sslot %d",
-                item.mSlot, sslot);
+                    "%s: acquired sslot %d from SCRATCH after queueing sslot %d", __func__,
+                    item.mSlot, sslot);
         mFbProducerSlot = mapSource2ProducerSlot(SOURCE_SCRATCH, item.mSlot);
         mFbFence = mSlots[item.mSlot].mFence;
 
     } else {
-        LOG_FATAL_IF(mCompositionType != COMPOSITION_GPU,
-                     "Unexpected queueBuffer in state %s for compositionType %s", dbgStateStr(),
-                     dbgCompositionTypeStr(mCompositionType));
+        LOG_FATAL_IF(mCompositionType != CompositionType::Gpu,
+                     "Unexpected %s in state %s for composition type %s", __func__,
+                     ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str(), toString(mCompositionType).c_str());
 
         // Extract the GPU release fence for HWC to acquire
         int64_t timestamp;
@@ -533,9 +510,9 @@
         return mSource[SOURCE_SINK]->cancelBuffer(mapProducer2SourceSlot(SOURCE_SINK, pslot), fence);
     }
 
-    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDbgState != DBG_STATE_GPU, "Unexpected cancelBuffer(pslot=%d) in %s state", pslot,
-                dbgStateStr());
-    VDS_LOGV("cancelBuffer pslot=%d", pslot);
+    VDS_LOGW_IF(mDebugState != DebugState::Gpu, "Unexpected %s(pslot=%d) in %s state", __func__,
+                pslot, ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
+    VDS_LOGV("%s pslot=%d", __func__, pslot);
     Source source = fbSourceForCompositionType(mCompositionType);
     return mSource[source]->cancelBuffer(
             mapProducer2SourceSlot(source, pslot), fence);
@@ -573,8 +550,8 @@
     return mSource[SOURCE_SINK]->disconnect(api, mode);
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>& /*stream*/) {
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setSidebandStream(const sp<NativeHandle>&) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
 void VirtualDisplaySurface::allocateBuffers(uint32_t /* width */,
@@ -586,40 +563,32 @@
     return INVALID_OPERATION;
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setGenerationNumber(uint32_t /* generation */) {
-    ALOGE("setGenerationNumber not supported on VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setGenerationNumber(uint32_t) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
 String8 VirtualDisplaySurface::getConsumerName() const {
     return String8("VirtualDisplaySurface");
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setSharedBufferMode(bool /*sharedBufferMode*/) {
-    ALOGE("setSharedBufferMode not supported on VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setSharedBufferMode(bool) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setAutoRefresh(bool /*autoRefresh*/) {
-    ALOGE("setAutoRefresh not supported on VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setAutoRefresh(bool) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setDequeueTimeout(nsecs_t /* timeout */) {
-    ALOGE("setDequeueTimeout not supported on VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::setDequeueTimeout(nsecs_t) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::getLastQueuedBuffer(
-        sp<GraphicBuffer>* /*outBuffer*/, sp<Fence>* /*outFence*/,
-        float[16] /* outTransformMatrix*/) {
-    ALOGE("getLastQueuedBuffer not supported on VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::getLastQueuedBuffer(sp<GraphicBuffer>*, sp<Fence>*, float[16]) {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
-status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::getUniqueId(uint64_t* /*outId*/) const {
-    ALOGE("getUniqueId not supported on VirtualDisplaySurface");
-    return INVALID_OPERATION;
+status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::getUniqueId(uint64_t*) const {
+    UNSUPPORTED();
 }
 
 status_t VirtualDisplaySurface::getConsumerUsage(uint64_t* outUsage) const {
@@ -633,7 +602,7 @@
 }
 
 void VirtualDisplaySurface::resetPerFrameState() {
-    mCompositionType = COMPOSITION_UNKNOWN;
+    mCompositionType = CompositionType::Unknown;
     mFbFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
     mOutputFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
     mOutputProducerSlot = -1;
@@ -682,39 +651,16 @@
     return mapSource2ProducerSlot(source, pslot);
 }
 
-VirtualDisplaySurface::Source
-VirtualDisplaySurface::fbSourceForCompositionType(CompositionType type) {
-    return type == COMPOSITION_MIXED ? SOURCE_SCRATCH : SOURCE_SINK;
+auto VirtualDisplaySurface::fbSourceForCompositionType(CompositionType type) -> Source {
+    return type == CompositionType::Mixed ? SOURCE_SCRATCH : SOURCE_SINK;
 }
 
-const char* VirtualDisplaySurface::dbgStateStr() const {
-    switch (mDbgState) {
-        case DBG_STATE_IDLE:
-            return "IDLE";
-        case DBG_STATE_PREPARED:
-            return "PREPARED";
-        case DBG_STATE_GPU:
-            return "GPU";
-        case DBG_STATE_GPU_DONE:
-            return "GPU_DONE";
-        case DBG_STATE_HWC:
-            return "HWC";
-        default:
-            return "INVALID";
-    }
+std::string VirtualDisplaySurface::toString(CompositionType type) {
+    using namespace std::literals;
+    return type == CompositionType::Unknown ? "Unknown"s : Flags(type).string();
 }
 
-const char* VirtualDisplaySurface::dbgSourceStr(Source s) {
-    switch (s) {
-        case SOURCE_SINK:    return "SINK";
-        case SOURCE_SCRATCH: return "SCRATCH";
-        default:             return "INVALID";
-    }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 } // namespace android
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h
index bbb6306..7720713 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_SF_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H
-#define ANDROID_SF_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
@@ -28,9 +27,7 @@
 
 #include "DisplayIdentification.h"
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 namespace android {
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class HWComposer;
 class IProducerListener;
@@ -94,7 +91,13 @@
     virtual const sp<Fence>& getClientTargetAcquireFence() const override;
 
 private:
-    enum Source {SOURCE_SINK = 0, SOURCE_SCRATCH = 1};
+    enum Source : size_t {
+        SOURCE_SINK = 0,
+        SOURCE_SCRATCH = 1,
+
+        ftl_first = SOURCE_SINK,
+        ftl_last = SOURCE_SCRATCH,
+    };
 
     virtual ~VirtualDisplaySurface();
 
@@ -133,6 +136,8 @@
     // Utility methods
     //
     static Source fbSourceForCompositionType(CompositionType);
+    static std::string toString(CompositionType);
+
     status_t dequeueBuffer(Source, PixelFormat, uint64_t usage, int* sslot, sp<Fence>*);
     void updateQueueBufferOutput(QueueBufferOutput&&);
     void resetPerFrameState();
@@ -197,7 +202,7 @@
 
     // Composition type and graphics buffer source for the current frame.
     // Valid after prepareFrame(), cleared in onFrameCommitted.
-    CompositionType mCompositionType;
+    CompositionType mCompositionType = CompositionType::Unknown;
 
     // mFbFence is the fence HWC should wait for before reading the framebuffer
     // target buffer.
@@ -219,47 +224,42 @@
     // +-----------+-------------------+-------------+
     // | State     | Event             || Next State |
     // +-----------+-------------------+-------------+
-    // | IDLE      | beginFrame        || BEGUN      |
-    // | BEGUN     | prepareFrame      || PREPARED   |
-    // | PREPARED  | dequeueBuffer [1] || GPU        |
-    // | PREPARED  | advanceFrame [2]  || HWC        |
-    // | GPU       | queueBuffer       || GPU_DONE   |
-    // | GPU_DONE  | advanceFrame      || HWC        |
-    // | HWC       | onFrameCommitted  || IDLE       |
+    // | Idle      | beginFrame        || Begun      |
+    // | Begun     | prepareFrame      || Prepared   |
+    // | Prepared  | dequeueBuffer [1] || Gpu        |
+    // | Prepared  | advanceFrame [2]  || Hwc        |
+    // | Gpu       | queueBuffer       || GpuDone    |
+    // | GpuDone   | advanceFrame      || Hwc        |
+    // | Hwc       | onFrameCommitted  || Idle       |
     // +-----------+-------------------++------------+
-    // [1] COMPOSITION_GPU and COMPOSITION_MIXED frames.
-    // [2] COMPOSITION_HWC frames.
+    // [1] CompositionType::Gpu and CompositionType::Mixed frames.
+    // [2] CompositionType::Hwc frames.
     //
-    enum DbgState {
+    enum class DebugState {
         // no buffer dequeued, don't know anything about the next frame
-        DBG_STATE_IDLE,
+        Idle,
         // output buffer dequeued, framebuffer source not yet known
-        DBG_STATE_BEGUN,
+        Begun,
         // output buffer dequeued, framebuffer source known but not provided
         // to GPU yet.
-        DBG_STATE_PREPARED,
+        Prepared,
         // GPU driver has a buffer dequeued
-        DBG_STATE_GPU,
+        Gpu,
         // GPU driver has queued the buffer, we haven't sent it to HWC yet
-        DBG_STATE_GPU_DONE,
+        GpuDone,
         // HWC has the buffer for this frame
-        DBG_STATE_HWC,
+        Hwc,
+
+        ftl_last = Hwc
     };
-    DbgState mDbgState;
-    CompositionType mDbgLastCompositionType;
+    DebugState mDebugState = DebugState::Idle;
+    CompositionType mDebugLastCompositionType = CompositionType::Unknown;
 
-    const char* dbgStateStr() const;
-    static const char* dbgSourceStr(Source s);
-
-    bool mMustRecompose;
+    bool mMustRecompose = false;
 
     compositionengine::impl::HwcBufferCache mHwcBufferCache;
 
     bool mForceHwcCopy;
 };
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 } // namespace android
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-#endif // ANDROID_SF_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_SURFACE_H
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/EffectLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/EffectLayer.cpp
index 86c6b21..845176c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/EffectLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/EffectLayer.cpp
@@ -136,8 +136,7 @@
 
 sp<Layer> EffectLayer::createClone() {
     sp<EffectLayer> layer = mFlinger->getFactory().createEffectLayer(
-            LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, 0, 0,
-                              LayerMetadata()));
+            LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, LayerMetadata()));
     layer->setInitialValuesForClone(this);
     return layer;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FlagManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FlagManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7602e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FlagManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "FlagManager.h"
+
+#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop.h>
+#include <android-base/parsebool.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <server_configurable_flags/get_flags.h>
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace android {
+static constexpr const char* kExperimentNamespace = "surface_flinger_native_boot";
+static constexpr const int64_t kDemoFlag = -1;
+
+FlagManager::~FlagManager() = default;
+
+void FlagManager::dump(std::string& result) const {
+    base::StringAppendF(&result, "FlagManager values: \n");
+    base::StringAppendF(&result, "demo_flag: %" PRId64 "\n", demo_flag());
+    base::StringAppendF(&result, "use_adpf_cpu_hint: %s\n", use_adpf_cpu_hint() ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+namespace {
+template <typename T>
+std::optional<T> doParse(const char* str);
+
+template <>
+[[maybe_unused]] std::optional<int32_t> doParse(const char* str) {
+    int32_t ret;
+    return base::ParseInt(str, &ret) ? std::make_optional(ret) : std::nullopt;
+}
+
+template <>
+[[maybe_unused]] std::optional<int64_t> doParse(const char* str) {
+    int64_t ret;
+    return base::ParseInt(str, &ret) ? std::make_optional(ret) : std::nullopt;
+}
+
+template <>
+[[maybe_unused]] std::optional<bool> doParse(const char* str) {
+    base::ParseBoolResult parseResult = base::ParseBool(str);
+    switch (parseResult) {
+        case base::ParseBoolResult::kTrue:
+            return std::make_optional(true);
+        case base::ParseBoolResult::kFalse:
+            return std::make_optional(false);
+        case base::ParseBoolResult::kError:
+            return std::nullopt;
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+std::string FlagManager::getServerConfigurableFlag(const std::string& experimentFlagName) const {
+    return server_configurable_flags::GetServerConfigurableFlag(kExperimentNamespace,
+                                                                experimentFlagName, "");
+}
+
+template int32_t FlagManager::getValue<int32_t>(const std::string&, std::optional<int32_t>,
+                                                int32_t) const;
+template int64_t FlagManager::getValue<int64_t>(const std::string&, std::optional<int64_t>,
+                                                int64_t) const;
+template bool FlagManager::getValue<bool>(const std::string&, std::optional<bool>, bool) const;
+template <typename T>
+T FlagManager::getValue(const std::string& experimentFlagName, std::optional<T> systemPropertyOpt,
+                        T defaultValue) const {
+    // System property takes precedence over the experiment config server value.
+    if (systemPropertyOpt.has_value()) {
+        return *systemPropertyOpt;
+    }
+    std::string str = getServerConfigurableFlag(experimentFlagName);
+    return str.empty() ? defaultValue : doParse<T>(str.c_str()).value_or(defaultValue);
+}
+
+int64_t FlagManager::demo_flag() const {
+    std::optional<int64_t> sysPropVal = std::nullopt;
+    return getValue("DemoFeature__demo_flag", sysPropVal, kDemoFlag);
+}
+
+bool FlagManager::use_adpf_cpu_hint() const {
+    std::optional<bool> sysPropVal = std::nullopt;
+    return getValue("AdpfFeature__adpf_cpu_hint", sysPropVal, false);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FlagManager.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FlagManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24d83a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FlagManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android {
+// Manages flags for SurfaceFlinger, including default values, system properties, and Mendel
+// experiment configuration values.
+class FlagManager {
+public:
+    FlagManager() = default;
+    virtual ~FlagManager();
+    void dump(std::string& result) const;
+
+    int64_t demo_flag() const;
+
+    bool use_adpf_cpu_hint() const;
+
+private:
+    friend class FlagManagerTest;
+
+    // Wrapper for mocking in test.
+    virtual std::string getServerConfigurableFlag(const std::string& experimentFlagName) const;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T getValue(const std::string& experimentFlagName, std::optional<T> systemPropertyOpt,
+               T defaultValue) const;
+};
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Fps.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Fps.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e9f06e5..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Fps.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cmath>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// Value which represents "frames per second". This class is a wrapper around
-// float, providing some useful utilities, such as comparisons with tolerance
-// and converting between period duration and frequency.
-class Fps {
-public:
-    static constexpr Fps fromPeriodNsecs(nsecs_t period) { return Fps(1e9f / period, period); }
-
-    Fps() = default;
-    explicit constexpr Fps(float fps)
-          : fps(fps), period(fps == 0.0f ? 0 : static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / fps)) {}
-
-    constexpr float getValue() const { return fps; }
-
-    constexpr nsecs_t getPeriodNsecs() const { return period; }
-
-    bool equalsWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return std::abs(fps - other.fps) < kMargin; }
-
-    // DO NOT use for std::sort. Instead use comparesLess().
-    bool lessThanWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return fps + kMargin < other.fps; }
-
-    bool greaterThanWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return fps > other.fps + kMargin; }
-
-    bool lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return !greaterThanWithMargin(other); }
-
-    bool greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(const Fps& other) const { return !lessThanWithMargin(other); }
-
-    bool isValid() const { return fps > 0.0f; }
-
-    int getIntValue() const { return static_cast<int>(std::round(fps)); }
-
-    // Use this comparator for sorting. Using a comparator with margins can
-    // cause std::sort to crash.
-    inline static bool comparesLess(const Fps& left, const Fps& right) {
-        return left.fps < right.fps;
-    }
-
-    // Compares two FPS with margin.
-    // Transitivity is not guaranteed, i.e. a==b and b==c doesn't imply a==c.
-    // DO NOT use with hash maps. Instead use EqualsInBuckets.
-    struct EqualsWithMargin {
-        bool operator()(const Fps& left, const Fps& right) const {
-            return left.equalsWithMargin(right);
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Equals comparator which can be used with hash maps.
-    // It's guaranteed that if two elements are equal, then their hashes are equal.
-    struct EqualsInBuckets {
-        bool operator()(const Fps& left, const Fps& right) const {
-            return left.getBucket() == right.getBucket();
-        }
-    };
-
-    inline friend std::string to_string(const Fps& fps) {
-        return base::StringPrintf("%.2ffps", fps.fps);
-    }
-
-    inline friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Fps& fps) {
-        return os << to_string(fps);
-    }
-
-private:
-    friend std::hash<android::Fps>;
-
-    constexpr Fps(float fps, nsecs_t period) : fps(fps), period(period) {}
-
-    float getBucket() const { return std::round(fps / kMargin); }
-
-    static constexpr float kMargin = 0.001f;
-    float fps = 0;
-    nsecs_t period = 0;
-};
-
-static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Fps>);
-
-} // namespace android
-
-namespace std {
-template <>
-struct hash<android::Fps> {
-    std::size_t operator()(const android::Fps& fps) const {
-        return std::hash<float>()(fps.getBucket());
-    }
-};
-} // namespace std
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FpsReporter.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FpsReporter.h
index bd7b9a5..438b1aa 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FpsReporter.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FpsReporter.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "Clock.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h"
+#include "WpHash.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -50,11 +51,6 @@
 
 private:
     mutable std::mutex mMutex;
-    struct WpHash {
-        size_t operator()(const wp<IBinder>& p) const {
-            return std::hash<IBinder*>()(p.unsafe_get());
-        }
-    };
 
     struct TrackedListener {
         sp<gui::IFpsListener> listener;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/Android.bp
index 10a5833..2d4ec04 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
     srcs: [
         "FrameTimeline.cpp",
     ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libscheduler_headers",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
         "libbase",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.cpp
index c294ff2..0c4e112 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.cpp
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
                            frametimeline::TimelineItem&& predictions,
                            std::shared_ptr<TimeStats> timeStats,
                            JankClassificationThresholds thresholds,
-                           TraceCookieCounter* traceCookieCounter, bool isBuffer, int32_t gameMode)
+                           TraceCookieCounter* traceCookieCounter, bool isBuffer, GameMode gameMode)
       : mToken(frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId),
         mInputEventId(frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId),
         mOwnerPid(ownerPid),
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@
 
 std::shared_ptr<SurfaceFrame> FrameTimeline::createSurfaceFrameForToken(
         const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, pid_t ownerPid, uid_t ownerUid, int32_t layerId,
-        std::string layerName, std::string debugName, bool isBuffer, int32_t gameMode) {
+        std::string layerName, std::string debugName, bool isBuffer, GameMode gameMode) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId == FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID) {
         return std::make_shared<SurfaceFrame>(frameTimelineInfo, ownerPid, ownerUid, layerId,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h
index 139f91f..36d6290 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h
@@ -16,10 +16,17 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <../Fps.h>
-#include <../TimeStats/TimeStats.h>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <deque>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/JankInfo.h>
+#include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
 #include <perfetto/trace/android/frame_timeline_event.pbzero.h>
 #include <perfetto/tracing.h>
 #include <ui/FenceTime.h>
@@ -28,8 +35,9 @@
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <utils/Vector.h>
 
-#include <deque>
-#include <mutex>
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+#include "../TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 
 namespace android::frametimeline {
 
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@
                  int32_t layerId, std::string layerName, std::string debugName,
                  PredictionState predictionState, TimelineItem&& predictions,
                  std::shared_ptr<TimeStats> timeStats, JankClassificationThresholds thresholds,
-                 TraceCookieCounter* traceCookieCounter, bool isBuffer, int32_t gameMode);
+                 TraceCookieCounter* traceCookieCounter, bool isBuffer, GameMode);
     ~SurfaceFrame() = default;
 
     // Returns std::nullopt if the frame hasn't been classified yet.
@@ -260,7 +268,7 @@
     // buffer(animations)
     bool mIsBuffer;
     // GameMode from the layer. Used in metrics.
-    int32_t mGameMode = 0;
+    GameMode mGameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -281,7 +289,7 @@
     virtual std::shared_ptr<SurfaceFrame> createSurfaceFrameForToken(
             const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, pid_t ownerPid, uid_t ownerUid,
             int32_t layerId, std::string layerName, std::string debugName, bool isBuffer,
-            int32_t gameMode) = 0;
+            GameMode) = 0;
 
     // Adds a new SurfaceFrame to the current DisplayFrame. Frames from multiple layers can be
     // composited into one display frame.
@@ -441,7 +449,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<SurfaceFrame> createSurfaceFrameForToken(
             const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, pid_t ownerPid, uid_t ownerUid,
             int32_t layerId, std::string layerName, std::string debugName, bool isBuffer,
-            int32_t gameMode) override;
+            GameMode) override;
     void addSurfaceFrame(std::shared_ptr<frametimeline::SurfaceFrame> surfaceFrame) override;
     void setSfWakeUp(int64_t token, nsecs_t wakeupTime, Fps refreshRate) override;
     void setSfPresent(nsecs_t sfPresentTime, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/HdrLayerInfoReporter.h b/services/surfaceflinger/HdrLayerInfoReporter.h
index 671395f..4ada2b6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/HdrLayerInfoReporter.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/HdrLayerInfoReporter.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include "WpHash.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 class HdrLayerInfoReporter final : public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
@@ -63,11 +65,6 @@
 
 private:
     mutable std::mutex mMutex;
-    struct WpHash {
-        size_t operator()(const wp<IBinder>& p) const {
-            return std::hash<IBinder*>()(p.unsafe_get());
-        }
-    };
 
     struct TrackedListener {
         sp<gui::IHdrLayerInfoListener> listener;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index da7ff71..4606746 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 #include <cutils/native_handle.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <gui/BufferItem.h>
 #include <gui/LayerDebugInfo.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
@@ -87,11 +88,12 @@
 std::atomic<int32_t> Layer::sSequence{1};
 
 Layer::Layer(const LayerCreationArgs& args)
-      : mFlinger(args.flinger),
-        mName(args.name),
+      : sequence(args.sequence.value_or(sSequence++)),
+        mFlinger(args.flinger),
+        mName(base::StringPrintf("%s#%d", args.name.c_str(), sequence)),
         mClientRef(args.client),
-        mWindowType(
-                static_cast<WindowInfo::Type>(args.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_WINDOW_TYPE, 0))) {
+        mWindowType(static_cast<WindowInfo::Type>(args.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_WINDOW_TYPE, 0))),
+        mLayerCreationFlags(args.flags) {
     uint32_t layerFlags = 0;
     if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eHidden) layerFlags |= layer_state_t::eLayerHidden;
     if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eOpaque) layerFlags |= layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque;
@@ -99,15 +101,13 @@
     if (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eSkipScreenshot)
         layerFlags |= layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot;
 
-    mDrawingState.active_legacy.w = args.w;
-    mDrawingState.active_legacy.h = args.h;
     mDrawingState.flags = layerFlags;
     mDrawingState.active_legacy.transform.set(0, 0);
     mDrawingState.crop.makeInvalid();
     mDrawingState.requestedCrop = mDrawingState.crop;
     mDrawingState.z = 0;
     mDrawingState.color.a = 1.0f;
-    mDrawingState.layerStack = 0;
+    mDrawingState.layerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
     mDrawingState.sequence = 0;
     mDrawingState.requested_legacy = mDrawingState.active_legacy;
     mDrawingState.width = UINT32_MAX;
@@ -185,12 +185,10 @@
 }
 
 LayerCreationArgs::LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, sp<Client> client, std::string name,
-                                     uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata)
+                                     uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata)
       : flinger(flinger),
         client(std::move(client)),
         name(std::move(name)),
-        w(w),
-        h(h),
         flags(flags),
         metadata(std::move(metadata)) {
     IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
@@ -207,7 +205,8 @@
  * Layer.  So, the implementation is done in BufferLayer.  When called on a
  * EffectLayer object, it's essentially a NOP.
  */
-void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& /*releaseFence*/) {}
+void Layer::onLayerDisplayed(
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> /*futureRenderEngineResult*/) {}
 
 void Layer::removeRelativeZ(const std::vector<Layer*>& layersInTree) {
     if (mDrawingState.zOrderRelativeOf == nullptr) {
@@ -393,7 +392,6 @@
 
 void Layer::prepareBasicGeometryCompositionState() {
     const auto& drawingState{getDrawingState()};
-    const uint32_t layerStack = getLayerStack();
     const auto alpha = static_cast<float>(getAlpha());
     const bool opaque = isOpaque(drawingState);
     const bool usesRoundedCorners = getRoundedCornerState().radius != 0.f;
@@ -405,9 +403,7 @@
     }
 
     auto* compositionState = editCompositionState();
-    compositionState->layerStackId =
-            (layerStack != ~0u) ? std::make_optional(layerStack) : std::nullopt;
-    compositionState->internalOnly = getPrimaryDisplayOnly();
+    compositionState->outputFilter = getOutputFilter();
     compositionState->isVisible = isVisible();
     compositionState->isOpaque = opaque && !usesRoundedCorners && alpha == 1.f;
     compositionState->shadowRadius = mEffectiveShadowRadius;
@@ -422,25 +418,13 @@
 
     compositionState->blendMode = static_cast<Hwc2::IComposerClient::BlendMode>(blendMode);
     compositionState->alpha = alpha;
+    compositionState->backgroundBlurRadius = drawingState.backgroundBlurRadius;
+    compositionState->blurRegions = drawingState.blurRegions;
     compositionState->stretchEffect = getStretchEffect();
 }
 
 void Layer::prepareGeometryCompositionState() {
     const auto& drawingState{getDrawingState()};
-
-    int type = drawingState.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_WINDOW_TYPE, 0);
-    int appId = drawingState.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_OWNER_UID, 0);
-    sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
-    if (parent.get()) {
-        auto& parentState = parent->getDrawingState();
-        const int parentType = parentState.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_WINDOW_TYPE, 0);
-        const int parentAppId = parentState.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_OWNER_UID, 0);
-        if (parentType > 0 && parentAppId > 0) {
-            type = parentType;
-            appId = parentAppId;
-        }
-    }
-
     auto* compositionState = editCompositionState();
 
     compositionState->geomBufferSize = getBufferSize(drawingState);
@@ -500,6 +484,11 @@
     // If there are no visible region changes, we still need to update blur parameters.
     compositionState->blurRegions = drawingState.blurRegions;
     compositionState->backgroundBlurRadius = drawingState.backgroundBlurRadius;
+
+    // Layer framerate is used in caching decisions.
+    // Retrieve it from the scheduler which maintains an instance of LayerHistory, and store it in
+    // LayerFECompositionState where it would be visible to Flattener.
+    compositionState->fps = mFlinger->getLayerFramerate(systemTime(), getSequence());
 }
 
 void Layer::prepareCursorCompositionState() {
@@ -731,14 +720,14 @@
     mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.clear();
 }
 
-uint32_t Layer::getTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags) {
-    auto ret = mTransactionFlags & flags;
-    mTransactionFlags &= ~flags;
-    return ret;
+uint32_t Layer::clearTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask) {
+    const auto flags = mTransactionFlags & mask;
+    mTransactionFlags &= ~mask;
+    return flags;
 }
 
-uint32_t Layer::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags) {
-    return mTransactionFlags |= flags;
+void Layer::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask) {
+    mTransactionFlags |= mask;
 }
 
 bool Layer::setPosition(float x, float y) {
@@ -903,7 +892,7 @@
         uint32_t flags = ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect;
         std::string name = mName + "BackgroundColorLayer";
         mDrawingState.bgColorLayer = mFlinger->getFactory().createEffectLayer(
-                LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, std::move(name), 0, 0, flags,
+                LayerCreationArgs(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, std::move(name), flags,
                                   LayerMetadata()));
 
         // add to child list
@@ -950,7 +939,6 @@
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
     return true;
 }
-
 bool Layer::setMatrix(const layer_state_t::matrix22_t& matrix,
         bool allowNonRectPreservingTransforms) {
     ui::Transform t;
@@ -1016,7 +1004,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool Layer::setLayerStack(uint32_t layerStack) {
+bool Layer::setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
     if (mDrawingState.layerStack == layerStack) return false;
     mDrawingState.sequence++;
     mDrawingState.layerStack = layerStack;
@@ -1063,12 +1051,11 @@
     return priority == PRIORITY_FOCUSED_WITH_MODE || priority == PRIORITY_FOCUSED_WITHOUT_MODE;
 };
 
-uint32_t Layer::getLayerStack() const {
-    auto p = mDrawingParent.promote();
-    if (p == nullptr) {
-        return getDrawingState().layerStack;
+ui::LayerStack Layer::getLayerStack() const {
+    if (const auto parent = mDrawingParent.promote()) {
+        return parent->getLayerStack();
     }
-    return p->getLayerStack();
+    return getDrawingState().layerStack;
 }
 
 bool Layer::setShadowRadius(float shadowRadius) {
@@ -1149,7 +1136,7 @@
     if (!frameRate.rate.isValid() && frameRate.type != FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote &&
         childrenHaveFrameRate) {
         *transactionNeeded |=
-                setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate(Fps(0.0f), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote));
+                setFrameRateForLayerTree(FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote));
     }
 
     // We return whether this layer ot its children has a vote. We ignore ExactOrMultiple votes for
@@ -1183,9 +1170,6 @@
 }
 
 bool Layer::setFrameRate(FrameRate frameRate) {
-    if (!mFlinger->useFrameRateApi) {
-        return false;
-    }
     if (mDrawingState.frameRate == frameRate) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -1316,8 +1300,8 @@
     mDrawingState.modified = true;
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
 
-    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, systemTime(),
-                                             LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::SetFrameRate);
+    using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
+    mFlinger->mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(this, systemTime(), LayerUpdateType::SetFrameRate);
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -1382,7 +1366,7 @@
 
     info.mVisibleRegion = getVisibleRegion(display);
     info.mSurfaceDamageRegion = surfaceDamageRegion;
-    info.mLayerStack = getLayerStack();
+    info.mLayerStack = getLayerStack().id;
     info.mX = ds.transform.tx();
     info.mY = ds.transform.ty();
     info.mZ = ds.z;
@@ -1434,19 +1418,6 @@
     result.append("\n");
 }
 
-std::string Layer::frameRateCompatibilityString(Layer::FrameRateCompatibility compatibility) {
-    switch (compatibility) {
-        case FrameRateCompatibility::Default:
-            return "Default";
-        case FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple:
-            return "ExactOrMultiple";
-        case FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote:
-            return "NoVote";
-        case FrameRateCompatibility::Exact:
-            return "Exact";
-    }
-}
-
 void Layer::miniDump(std::string& result, const DisplayDevice& display) const {
     const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(&display);
     if (!outputLayer) {
@@ -1485,8 +1456,8 @@
     const auto frameRate = getFrameRateForLayerTree();
     if (frameRate.rate.isValid() || frameRate.type != FrameRateCompatibility::Default) {
         StringAppendF(&result, "%s %15s %17s", to_string(frameRate.rate).c_str(),
-                      frameRateCompatibilityString(frameRate.type).c_str(),
-                      toString(frameRate.seamlessness).c_str());
+                      ftl::enum_string(frameRate.type).c_str(),
+                      ftl::enum_string(frameRate.seamlessness).c_str());
     } else {
         result.append(41, ' ');
     }
@@ -1569,11 +1540,10 @@
     return count;
 }
 
-void Layer::setGameModeForTree(int parentGameMode) {
-    int gameMode = parentGameMode;
-    auto& currentState = getDrawingState();
+void Layer::setGameModeForTree(GameMode gameMode) {
+    const auto& currentState = getDrawingState();
     if (currentState.metadata.has(METADATA_GAME_MODE)) {
-        gameMode = currentState.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, 0);
+        gameMode = static_cast<GameMode>(currentState.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, 0));
     }
     setGameMode(gameMode);
     for (const sp<Layer>& child : mCurrentChildren) {
@@ -1599,7 +1569,7 @@
     const auto removeResult = mCurrentChildren.remove(layer);
 
     updateTreeHasFrameRateVote();
-    layer->setGameModeForTree(0);
+    layer->setGameModeForTree(GameMode::Unsupported);
     layer->updateTreeHasFrameRateVote();
 
     return removeResult;
@@ -2028,7 +1998,7 @@
     writeToProtoDrawingState(layerProto, traceFlags, display);
     writeToProtoCommonState(layerProto, LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing, traceFlags);
 
-    if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) {
+    if (traceFlags & LayerTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) {
         // Only populate for the primary display.
         if (display) {
             const Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition compositionType = getCompositionType(*display);
@@ -2046,43 +2016,38 @@
 void Layer::writeToProtoDrawingState(LayerProto* layerInfo, uint32_t traceFlags,
                                      const DisplayDevice* display) {
     const ui::Transform transform = getTransform();
+    auto buffer = getBuffer();
+    if (buffer != nullptr) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(buffer,
+                                       [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_active_buffer(); });
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProtoDeprecated(ui::Transform(getBufferTransform()),
+                                                 layerInfo->mutable_buffer_transform());
+    }
+    layerInfo->set_invalidate(contentDirty);
+    layerInfo->set_is_protected(isProtected());
+    layerInfo->set_dataspace(dataspaceDetails(static_cast<android_dataspace>(getDataSpace())));
+    layerInfo->set_queued_frames(getQueuedFrameCount());
+    layerInfo->set_refresh_pending(isBufferLatched());
+    layerInfo->set_curr_frame(mCurrentFrameNumber);
+    layerInfo->set_effective_scaling_mode(getEffectiveScalingMode());
 
-    if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_CRITICAL) {
+    layerInfo->set_requested_corner_radius(getDrawingState().cornerRadius);
+    layerInfo->set_corner_radius(getRoundedCornerState().radius);
+    layerInfo->set_background_blur_radius(getBackgroundBlurRadius());
+    layerInfo->set_is_trusted_overlay(isTrustedOverlay());
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProtoDeprecated(transform, layerInfo->mutable_transform());
+    LayerProtoHelper::writePositionToProto(transform.tx(), transform.ty(),
+                                           [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_position(); });
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(mBounds, [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_bounds(); });
+    if (traceFlags & LayerTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(getVisibleRegion(display),
+                                       [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_visible_region(); });
+    }
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(surfaceDamageRegion,
+                                   [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_damage_region(); });
 
-        auto buffer = getBuffer();
-        if (buffer != nullptr) {
-            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(buffer,
-                                           [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_active_buffer(); });
-            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProtoDeprecated(ui::Transform(getBufferTransform()),
-                                                     layerInfo->mutable_buffer_transform());
-        }
-        layerInfo->set_invalidate(contentDirty);
-        layerInfo->set_is_protected(isProtected());
-        layerInfo->set_dataspace(dataspaceDetails(static_cast<android_dataspace>(getDataSpace())));
-        layerInfo->set_queued_frames(getQueuedFrameCount());
-        layerInfo->set_refresh_pending(isBufferLatched());
-        layerInfo->set_curr_frame(mCurrentFrameNumber);
-        layerInfo->set_effective_scaling_mode(getEffectiveScalingMode());
-
-        layerInfo->set_requested_corner_radius(getDrawingState().cornerRadius);
-        layerInfo->set_corner_radius(getRoundedCornerState().radius);
-        layerInfo->set_background_blur_radius(getBackgroundBlurRadius());
-        layerInfo->set_is_trusted_overlay(isTrustedOverlay());
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProtoDeprecated(transform, layerInfo->mutable_transform());
-        LayerProtoHelper::writePositionToProto(transform.tx(), transform.ty(),
-                                               [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_position(); });
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(mBounds, [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_bounds(); });
-        if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) {
-            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(getVisibleRegion(display),
-                                           [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_visible_region(); });
-        }
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(surfaceDamageRegion,
-                                       [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_damage_region(); });
-
-        if (hasColorTransform()) {
-            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(getColorTransform(),
-                                           layerInfo->mutable_color_transform());
-        }
+    if (hasColorTransform()) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(getColorTransform(), layerInfo->mutable_color_transform());
     }
 
     LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(mSourceBounds,
@@ -2102,73 +2067,69 @@
 
     ui::Transform requestedTransform = state.transform;
 
-    if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_CRITICAL) {
-        layerInfo->set_id(sequence);
-        layerInfo->set_name(getName().c_str());
-        layerInfo->set_type(getType());
+    layerInfo->set_id(sequence);
+    layerInfo->set_name(getName().c_str());
+    layerInfo->set_type(getType());
 
-        for (const auto& child : children) {
-            layerInfo->add_children(child->sequence);
-        }
-
-        for (const wp<Layer>& weakRelative : state.zOrderRelatives) {
-            sp<Layer> strongRelative = weakRelative.promote();
-            if (strongRelative != nullptr) {
-                layerInfo->add_relatives(strongRelative->sequence);
-            }
-        }
-
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(state.activeTransparentRegion_legacy,
-                                       [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_transparent_region(); });
-
-        layerInfo->set_layer_stack(getLayerStack());
-        layerInfo->set_z(state.z);
-
-        LayerProtoHelper::writePositionToProto(requestedTransform.tx(), requestedTransform.ty(),
-                                               [&]() {
-                                                   return layerInfo->mutable_requested_position();
-                                               });
-
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeSizeToProto(state.width, state.height,
-                                           [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_size(); });
-
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(state.crop, [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_crop(); });
-
-        layerInfo->set_is_opaque(isOpaque(state));
-
-
-        layerInfo->set_pixel_format(decodePixelFormat(getPixelFormat()));
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(getColor(), [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_color(); });
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(state.color,
-                                       [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_requested_color(); });
-        layerInfo->set_flags(state.flags);
-
-        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProtoDeprecated(requestedTransform,
-                                                 layerInfo->mutable_requested_transform());
-
-        auto parent = useDrawing ? mDrawingParent.promote() : mCurrentParent.promote();
-        if (parent != nullptr) {
-            layerInfo->set_parent(parent->sequence);
-        } else {
-            layerInfo->set_parent(-1);
-        }
-
-        auto zOrderRelativeOf = state.zOrderRelativeOf.promote();
-        if (zOrderRelativeOf != nullptr) {
-            layerInfo->set_z_order_relative_of(zOrderRelativeOf->sequence);
-        } else {
-            layerInfo->set_z_order_relative_of(-1);
-        }
-
-        layerInfo->set_is_relative_of(state.isRelativeOf);
-
-        layerInfo->set_owner_uid(mOwnerUid);
+    for (const auto& child : children) {
+        layerInfo->add_children(child->sequence);
     }
 
-    if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_INPUT) {
+    for (const wp<Layer>& weakRelative : state.zOrderRelatives) {
+        sp<Layer> strongRelative = weakRelative.promote();
+        if (strongRelative != nullptr) {
+            layerInfo->add_relatives(strongRelative->sequence);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(state.activeTransparentRegion_legacy,
+                                   [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_transparent_region(); });
+
+    layerInfo->set_layer_stack(getLayerStack().id);
+    layerInfo->set_z(state.z);
+
+    LayerProtoHelper::writePositionToProto(requestedTransform.tx(), requestedTransform.ty(), [&]() {
+        return layerInfo->mutable_requested_position();
+    });
+
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeSizeToProto(state.width, state.height,
+                                       [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_size(); });
+
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(state.crop, [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_crop(); });
+
+    layerInfo->set_is_opaque(isOpaque(state));
+
+    layerInfo->set_pixel_format(decodePixelFormat(getPixelFormat()));
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(getColor(), [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_color(); });
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(state.color,
+                                   [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_requested_color(); });
+    layerInfo->set_flags(state.flags);
+
+    LayerProtoHelper::writeToProtoDeprecated(requestedTransform,
+                                             layerInfo->mutable_requested_transform());
+
+    auto parent = useDrawing ? mDrawingParent.promote() : mCurrentParent.promote();
+    if (parent != nullptr) {
+        layerInfo->set_parent(parent->sequence);
+    } else {
+        layerInfo->set_parent(-1);
+    }
+
+    auto zOrderRelativeOf = state.zOrderRelativeOf.promote();
+    if (zOrderRelativeOf != nullptr) {
+        layerInfo->set_z_order_relative_of(zOrderRelativeOf->sequence);
+    } else {
+        layerInfo->set_z_order_relative_of(-1);
+    }
+
+    layerInfo->set_is_relative_of(state.isRelativeOf);
+
+    layerInfo->set_owner_uid(mOwnerUid);
+
+    if (traceFlags & LayerTracing::TRACE_INPUT) {
         WindowInfo info;
         if (useDrawing) {
-            info = fillInputInfo({nullptr});
+            info = fillInputInfo(ui::Transform(), /* displayIsSecure */ true);
         } else {
             info = state.inputInfo;
         }
@@ -2177,7 +2138,7 @@
                                        [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_input_window_info(); });
     }
 
-    if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_EXTRA) {
+    if (traceFlags & LayerTracing::TRACE_EXTRA) {
         auto protoMap = layerInfo->mutable_metadata();
         for (const auto& entry : state.metadata.mMap) {
             (*protoMap)[entry.first] = std::string(entry.second.cbegin(), entry.second.cend());
@@ -2197,7 +2158,7 @@
     return getCroppedBufferSize(getDrawingState());
 }
 
-void Layer::fillInputFrameInfo(WindowInfo& info, const ui::Transform& toNonRotatedDisplay) {
+void Layer::fillInputFrameInfo(WindowInfo& info, const ui::Transform& displayTransform) {
     // Transform layer size to screen space and inset it by surface insets.
     // If this is a portal window, set the touchableRegion to the layerBounds.
     Rect layerBounds = info.portalToDisplayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE
@@ -2219,13 +2180,13 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    ui::Transform layerToDisplay = getInputTransform();
+    const ui::Transform layerTransform = getInputTransform();
     // Transform that takes window coordinates to non-rotated display coordinates
-    ui::Transform t = toNonRotatedDisplay * layerToDisplay;
+    ui::Transform t = displayTransform * layerTransform;
     int32_t xSurfaceInset = info.surfaceInset;
     int32_t ySurfaceInset = info.surfaceInset;
-    // Bring screenBounds into non-rotated space
-    Rect screenBounds = toNonRotatedDisplay.transform(Rect{mScreenBounds});
+    // Bring screenBounds into non-unrotated space
+    Rect screenBounds = displayTransform.transform(Rect{mScreenBounds});
 
     const float xScale = t.getScaleX();
     const float yScale = t.getScaleY();
@@ -2372,47 +2333,21 @@
     }
 }
 
-WindowInfo Layer::fillInputInfo(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display) {
+WindowInfo Layer::fillInputInfo(const ui::Transform& displayTransform, bool displayIsSecure) {
     if (!hasInputInfo()) {
         mDrawingState.inputInfo.name = getName();
         mDrawingState.inputInfo.ownerUid = mOwnerUid;
         mDrawingState.inputInfo.ownerPid = mOwnerPid;
         mDrawingState.inputInfo.inputFeatures = WindowInfo::Feature::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL;
         mDrawingState.inputInfo.flags = WindowInfo::Flag::NOT_TOUCH_MODAL;
-        mDrawingState.inputInfo.displayId = getLayerStack();
+        mDrawingState.inputInfo.displayId = getLayerStack().id;
     }
 
     WindowInfo info = mDrawingState.inputInfo;
     info.id = sequence;
-    info.displayId = getLayerStack();
+    info.displayId = getLayerStack().id;
 
-    // Transform that goes from "logical(rotated)" display to the non-rotated display.
-    ui::Transform toNonRotatedDisplay;
-    if (display) {
-        // The physical orientation is set when the orientation of the display panel is different
-        // than the default orientation of the device. We do not need to expose the physical
-        // orientation of the panel outside of SurfaceFlinger.
-        const ui::Rotation inversePhysicalOrientation =
-                ui::ROTATION_0 - display->getPhysicalOrientation();
-        auto width = display->getWidth();
-        auto height = display->getHeight();
-        if (inversePhysicalOrientation == ui::ROTATION_90 ||
-            inversePhysicalOrientation == ui::ROTATION_270) {
-            std::swap(width, height);
-        }
-        const auto rotationFlags = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(inversePhysicalOrientation);
-        const ui::Transform undoPhysicalOrientation(rotationFlags, width, height);
-        toNonRotatedDisplay = undoPhysicalOrientation * display->getTransform();
-
-        // Send the inverse of the display orientation so that input can transform points back to
-        // the rotated display space.
-        const ui::Rotation inverseOrientation = ui::ROTATION_0 - display->getOrientation();
-        info.displayOrientation = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(inverseOrientation);
-
-        info.displayWidth = width;
-        info.displayHeight = height;
-    }
-    fillInputFrameInfo(info, toNonRotatedDisplay);
+    fillInputFrameInfo(info, displayTransform);
 
     // For compatibility reasons we let layers which can receive input
     // receive input before they have actually submitted a buffer. Because
@@ -2427,17 +2362,19 @@
     fillTouchOcclusionMode(info);
     handleDropInputMode(info);
 
+    // If the window will be blacked out on a display because the display does not have the secure
+    // flag and the layer has the secure flag set, then drop input.
+    if (!displayIsSecure && isSecure()) {
+        info.inputFeatures |= WindowInfo::Feature::DROP_INPUT;
+    }
+
     auto cropLayer = mDrawingState.touchableRegionCrop.promote();
     if (info.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop) {
-        if (cropLayer == nullptr) {
-            info.touchableRegion = Region(toNonRotatedDisplay.transform(Rect{mScreenBounds}));
-        } else {
-            info.touchableRegion =
-                    Region(toNonRotatedDisplay.transform(Rect{cropLayer->mScreenBounds}));
-        }
+        const Rect bounds(cropLayer ? cropLayer->mScreenBounds : mScreenBounds);
+        info.touchableRegion = Region(displayTransform.transform(bounds));
     } else if (cropLayer != nullptr) {
         info.touchableRegion = info.touchableRegion.intersect(
-                toNonRotatedDisplay.transform(Rect{cropLayer->mScreenBounds}));
+                displayTransform.transform(Rect{cropLayer->mScreenBounds}));
     }
 
     // Inherit the trusted state from the parent hierarchy, but don't clobber the trusted state
@@ -2448,9 +2385,8 @@
     // If the layer is a clone, we need to crop the input region to cloned root to prevent
     // touches from going outside the cloned area.
     if (isClone()) {
-        sp<Layer> clonedRoot = getClonedRoot();
-        if (clonedRoot != nullptr) {
-            Rect rect = toNonRotatedDisplay.transform(Rect{clonedRoot->mScreenBounds});
+        if (const sp<Layer> clonedRoot = getClonedRoot()) {
+            const Rect rect = displayTransform.transform(Rect{clonedRoot->mScreenBounds});
             info.touchableRegion = info.touchableRegion.intersect(rect);
         }
     }
@@ -2645,14 +2581,14 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool Layer::getPrimaryDisplayOnly() const {
+bool Layer::isInternalDisplayOverlay() const {
     const State& s(mDrawingState);
     if (s.flags & layer_state_t::eLayerSkipScreenshot) {
         return true;
     }
 
     sp<Layer> parent = mDrawingParent.promote();
-    return parent == nullptr ? false : parent->getPrimaryDisplayOnly();
+    return parent && parent->isInternalDisplayOverlay();
 }
 
 void Layer::setClonedChild(const sp<Layer>& clonedChild) {
@@ -2696,12 +2632,11 @@
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Layer::FrameRate& rate) {
-    return stream << "{rate=" << rate.rate
-                  << " type=" << Layer::frameRateCompatibilityString(rate.type)
-                  << " seamlessness=" << toString(rate.seamlessness) << "}";
+    return stream << "{rate=" << rate.rate << " type=" << ftl::enum_string(rate.type)
+                  << " seamlessness=" << ftl::enum_string(rate.seamlessness) << '}';
 }
 
-}; // namespace android
+} // namespace android
 
 #if defined(__gl_h_)
 #error "don't include gl/gl.h in this file"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index c1af468..3f4d48b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android/gui/DropInputMode.h>
-#include <compositionengine/LayerFE.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
@@ -39,6 +38,10 @@
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+#include <compositionengine/LayerFE.h>
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+#include <scheduler/Seamlessness.h>
+
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <list>
@@ -49,15 +52,13 @@
 #include "ClientCache.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h"
-#include "Fps.h"
 #include "FrameTracker.h"
 #include "LayerVector.h"
 #include "MonitoredProducer.h"
 #include "RenderArea.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerInfo.h"
-#include "Scheduler/Seamlessness.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
-#include "SurfaceTracing.h"
+#include "Tracing/LayerTracing.h"
 #include "TransactionCallbackInvoker.h"
 
 using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
@@ -85,20 +86,18 @@
 } // namespace frametimeline
 
 struct LayerCreationArgs {
-    LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger*, sp<Client>, std::string name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
-                      uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata);
+    LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger*, sp<Client>, std::string name, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata);
 
     SurfaceFlinger* flinger;
     const sp<Client> client;
     std::string name;
-    uint32_t w;
-    uint32_t h;
     uint32_t flags;
     LayerMetadata metadata;
 
     pid_t callingPid;
     uid_t callingUid;
     uint32_t textureName;
+    std::optional<uint32_t> sequence = std::nullopt;
 };
 
 class Layer : public virtual RefBase, compositionengine::LayerFE {
@@ -152,12 +151,7 @@
         Geometry requested_legacy;
         int32_t z;
 
-        // The identifier of the layer stack this layer belongs to. A layer can
-        // only be associated to a single layer stack. A layer stack is a
-        // z-ordered group of layers which can be associated to one or more
-        // displays. Using the same layer stack on different displays is a way
-        // to achieve mirroring.
-        uint32_t layerStack;
+        ui::LayerStack layerStack;
 
         uint32_t flags;
         uint8_t reserved[2];
@@ -285,6 +279,8 @@
         sp<IBinder> releaseBufferEndpoint;
 
         gui::DropInputMode dropInputMode;
+
+        bool autoRefresh = false;
     };
 
     /*
@@ -332,7 +328,6 @@
 
     static bool isLayerFocusedBasedOnPriority(int32_t priority);
     static void miniDumpHeader(std::string& result);
-    static std::string frameRateCompatibilityString(FrameRateCompatibility compatibility);
 
     // Provide unique string for each class type in the Layer hierarchy
     virtual const char* getType() const = 0;
@@ -408,8 +403,8 @@
     virtual bool setTransparentRegionHint(const Region& transparent);
     virtual bool setTrustedOverlay(bool);
     virtual bool setFlags(uint32_t flags, uint32_t mask);
-    virtual bool setLayerStack(uint32_t layerStack);
-    virtual uint32_t getLayerStack() const;
+    virtual bool setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack);
+    virtual ui::LayerStack getLayerStack() const;
     virtual bool setMetadata(const LayerMetadata& data);
     virtual void setChildrenDrawingParent(const sp<Layer>&);
     virtual bool reparent(const sp<IBinder>& newParentHandle);
@@ -421,17 +416,11 @@
     // Used only to set BufferStateLayer state
     virtual bool setTransform(uint32_t /*transform*/) { return false; };
     virtual bool setTransformToDisplayInverse(bool /*transformToDisplayInverse*/) { return false; };
-    virtual bool setBuffer(const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& /*buffer*/,
-                           const sp<Fence>& /*acquireFence*/, nsecs_t /*postTime*/,
-                           nsecs_t /*desiredPresentTime*/, bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/,
-                           const client_cache_t& /*clientCacheId*/, uint64_t /* frameNumber */,
-                           std::optional<nsecs_t> /* dequeueTime */,
-                           const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/,
-                           const sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>& /* releaseBufferListener */,
-                           const sp<IBinder>& /* releaseBufferEndpoint */) {
+    virtual bool setBuffer(const BufferData&, nsecs_t /*postTime*/, nsecs_t /*desiredPresentTime*/,
+                           bool /*isAutoTimestamp*/, std::optional<nsecs_t> /* dequeueTime */,
+                           const FrameTimelineInfo& /*info*/) {
         return false;
     };
-    virtual bool setAcquireFence(const sp<Fence>& /*fence*/) { return false; };
     virtual bool setDataspace(ui::Dataspace /*dataspace*/) { return false; };
     virtual bool setHdrMetadata(const HdrMetadata& /*hdrMetadata*/) { return false; };
     virtual bool setSurfaceDamageRegion(const Region& /*surfaceDamage*/) { return false; };
@@ -532,18 +521,14 @@
 
     virtual bool shouldPresentNow(nsecs_t /*expectedPresentTime*/) const { return false; }
 
-    virtual uint64_t getHeadFrameNumber(nsecs_t /* expectedPresentTime */) const { return 0; }
-
     /*
      * called after composition.
      * returns true if the layer latched a new buffer this frame.
      */
-    virtual bool onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice*,
+    virtual void onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice*,
                                    const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& /*glDoneFence*/,
                                    const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& /*presentFence*/,
-                                   const CompositorTiming&) {
-        return false;
-    }
+                                   const CompositorTiming&) {}
 
     // If a buffer was replaced this frame, release the former buffer
     virtual void releasePendingBuffer(nsecs_t /*dequeueReadyTime*/) { }
@@ -604,10 +589,6 @@
     }
     virtual FrameRate getFrameRateForLayerTree() const;
 
-    virtual std::vector<OccupancyTracker::Segment> getOccupancyHistory(bool /*forceFlush*/) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
     virtual bool getTransformToDisplayInverse() const { return false; }
 
     // Returns how rounded corners should be drawn for this layer.
@@ -635,7 +616,13 @@
     void prepareCompositionState(compositionengine::LayerFE::StateSubset subset) override;
     std::vector<compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings> prepareClientCompositionList(
             compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings&) override;
-    void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) override;
+    void onLayerDisplayed(
+            std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureRenderEngineResult) override;
+
+    void setWasClientComposed(const sp<Fence>& fence) override {
+        mLastClientCompositionFence = fence;
+    }
+
     const char* getDebugName() const override;
 
     bool setShadowRadius(float shadowRadius);
@@ -648,13 +635,12 @@
     bool isLegacyDataSpace() const;
 
     uint32_t getTransactionFlags() const { return mTransactionFlags; }
-    uint32_t getTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags);
-    uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags);
 
-    // Deprecated, please use compositionengine::Output::belongsInOutput()
-    // instead.
-    // TODO(lpique): Move the remaining callers (screencap) to the new function.
-    bool belongsToDisplay(uint32_t layerStack) const { return getLayerStack() == layerStack; }
+    // Sets the masked bits.
+    void setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask);
+
+    // Clears and returns the masked bits.
+    uint32_t clearTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask);
 
     FloatRect getBounds(const Region& activeTransparentRegion) const;
     FloatRect getBounds() const;
@@ -687,6 +673,14 @@
      */
     bool isHiddenByPolicy() const;
 
+    // True if the layer should be skipped in screenshots, screen recordings,
+    // and mirroring to external or virtual displays.
+    bool isInternalDisplayOverlay() const;
+
+    ui::LayerFilter getOutputFilter() const {
+        return {getLayerStack(), isInternalDisplayOverlay()};
+    }
+
     bool isRemovedFromCurrentState() const;
 
     LayerProto* writeToProto(LayersProto& layersProto, uint32_t traceFlags, const DisplayDevice*);
@@ -699,12 +693,10 @@
     // external mStateLock. If writing drawing state, this function should be called on the
     // main or tracing thread.
     void writeToProtoCommonState(LayerProto* layerInfo, LayerVector::StateSet,
-                                 uint32_t traceFlags = SurfaceTracing::TRACE_ALL);
+                                 uint32_t traceFlags = LayerTracing::TRACE_ALL);
 
     gui::WindowInfo::Type getWindowType() const { return mWindowType; }
 
-    bool getPrimaryDisplayOnly() const;
-
     void updateMirrorInfo();
 
     /*
@@ -854,18 +846,19 @@
     bool getPremultipledAlpha() const;
     void setInputInfo(const gui::WindowInfo& info);
 
-    gui::WindowInfo fillInputInfo(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display);
+    gui::WindowInfo fillInputInfo(const ui::Transform& displayTransform, bool displayIsSecure);
+
     /**
      * Returns whether this layer has an explicitly set input-info.
      */
     bool hasInputInfo() const;
 
-    // Sets the parent's gameMode for this layer and all its children. Parent's gameMode is applied
-    // only to layers that do not have the GAME_MODE_METADATA set by WMShell. Any layer(along with
-    // its children) that has the metadata set will use the gameMode from the metadata.
-    void setGameModeForTree(int32_t parentGameMode);
-    void setGameMode(int32_t gameMode) { mGameMode = gameMode; };
-    int32_t getGameMode() const { return mGameMode; }
+    // Sets the GameMode for the tree rooted at this layer. A layer in the tree inherits this
+    // GameMode unless it (or an ancestor) has GAME_MODE_METADATA.
+    void setGameModeForTree(GameMode);
+
+    void setGameMode(GameMode gameMode) { mGameMode = gameMode; }
+    GameMode getGameMode() const { return mGameMode; }
 
     virtual uid_t getOwnerUid() const { return mOwnerUid; }
 
@@ -886,7 +879,7 @@
     // Layer serial number.  This gives layers an explicit ordering, so we
     // have a stable sort order when their layer stack and Z-order are
     // the same.
-    int32_t sequence{sSequence++};
+    const int32_t sequence;
 
     bool mPendingHWCDestroy{false};
 
@@ -1036,6 +1029,8 @@
 
     mutable bool mDrawingStateModified = false;
 
+    sp<Fence> mLastClientCompositionFence;
+    bool mLastClientCompositionDisplayed = false;
 private:
     virtual void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags) {}
 
@@ -1078,8 +1073,8 @@
     // hasInputInfo() or no-op if no such parent is found.
     void fillTouchOcclusionMode(gui::WindowInfo& info);
 
-    // Fills in the frame and transform info for the gui::WindowInfo
-    void fillInputFrameInfo(gui::WindowInfo& info, const ui::Transform& toNonRotatedDisplay);
+    // Fills in the frame and transform info for the gui::WindowInfo.
+    void fillInputFrameInfo(gui::WindowInfo&, const ui::Transform& displayTransform);
 
     // Cached properties computed from drawing state
     // Effective transform taking into account parent transforms and any parent scaling, which is
@@ -1115,14 +1110,15 @@
     // shadow radius is the set shadow radius, otherwise its the parent's shadow radius.
     float mEffectiveShadowRadius = 0.f;
 
-    // Game mode for the layer. Set by WindowManagerShell, game mode is used in
-    // metrics(SurfaceFlingerStats).
-    int32_t mGameMode = 0;
+    // Game mode for the layer. Set by WindowManagerShell and recorded by SurfaceFlingerStats.
+    GameMode mGameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
 
     // A list of regions on this layer that should have blurs.
     const std::vector<BlurRegion> getBlurRegions() const;
 
     bool mIsAtRoot = false;
+
+    uint32_t mLayerCreationFlags;
 };
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Layer::FrameRate& rate);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
index 1062126..ee23561 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.cpp
@@ -53,28 +53,52 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    writeToProto(region, getRegionProto());
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const Region& region, RegionProto* regionProto) {
+    if (region.isEmpty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     Region::const_iterator head = region.begin();
     Region::const_iterator const tail = region.end();
     // Use a lambda do avoid writing the object header when the object is empty
-    RegionProto* regionProto = getRegionProto();
     while (head != tail) {
-        std::function<RectProto*()> getProtoRect = [&]() { return regionProto->add_rect(); };
-        writeToProto(*head, getProtoRect);
+        writeToProto(*head, regionProto->add_rect());
         head++;
     }
 }
 
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const RegionProto& regionProto, Region& outRegion) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < regionProto.rect_size(); i++) {
+        Rect rect;
+        readFromProto(regionProto.rect(i), rect);
+        outRegion.orSelf(rect);
+    }
+}
+
 void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const Rect& rect, std::function<RectProto*()> getRectProto) {
     if (rect.left != 0 || rect.right != 0 || rect.top != 0 || rect.bottom != 0) {
         // Use a lambda do avoid writing the object header when the object is empty
-        RectProto* rectProto = getRectProto();
-        rectProto->set_left(rect.left);
-        rectProto->set_top(rect.top);
-        rectProto->set_bottom(rect.bottom);
-        rectProto->set_right(rect.right);
+        writeToProto(rect, getRectProto());
     }
 }
 
+void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const Rect& rect, RectProto* rectProto) {
+    rectProto->set_left(rect.left);
+    rectProto->set_top(rect.top);
+    rectProto->set_bottom(rect.bottom);
+    rectProto->set_right(rect.right);
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const RectProto& proto, Rect& outRect) {
+    outRect.left = proto.left();
+    outRect.top = proto.top();
+    outRect.bottom = proto.bottom();
+    outRect.right = proto.right();
+}
+
 void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const FloatRect& rect,
                                     std::function<FloatRectProto*()> getFloatRectProto) {
     if (rect.left != 0 || rect.right != 0 || rect.top != 0 || rect.bottom != 0) {
@@ -189,6 +213,39 @@
     }
 }
 
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const ColorTransformProto& colorTransformProto, mat4& matrix) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < mat4::ROW_SIZE; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < mat4::COL_SIZE; j++) {
+            matrix[i][j] = colorTransformProto.val(i * mat4::COL_SIZE + j);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(const android::BlurRegion region, BlurRegion* proto) {
+    proto->set_blur_radius(region.blurRadius);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_tl(region.cornerRadiusTL);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_tr(region.cornerRadiusTR);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_bl(region.cornerRadiusBL);
+    proto->set_corner_radius_br(region.cornerRadiusBR);
+    proto->set_alpha(region.alpha);
+    proto->set_left(region.left);
+    proto->set_top(region.top);
+    proto->set_right(region.right);
+    proto->set_bottom(region.bottom);
+}
+
+void LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(const BlurRegion& proto, android::BlurRegion& outRegion) {
+    outRegion.blurRadius = proto.blur_radius();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusTL = proto.corner_radius_tl();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusTR = proto.corner_radius_tr();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusBL = proto.corner_radius_bl();
+    outRegion.cornerRadiusBR = proto.corner_radius_br();
+    outRegion.alpha = proto.alpha();
+    outRegion.left = proto.left();
+    outRegion.top = proto.top();
+    outRegion.right = proto.right();
+    outRegion.bottom = proto.bottom();
+}
 } // namespace surfaceflinger
 } // namespace android
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h
index 36e0647..249ec42 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerProtoHelper.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <Layer.h>
 #include <gui/WindowInfo.h>
 #include <math/vec4.h>
+#include <ui/BlurRegion.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
@@ -33,9 +34,13 @@
     static void writeSizeToProto(const uint32_t w, const uint32_t h,
                                  std::function<SizeProto*()> getSizeProto);
     static void writeToProto(const Rect& rect, std::function<RectProto*()> getRectProto);
+    static void writeToProto(const Rect& rect, RectProto* rectProto);
+    static void readFromProto(const RectProto& proto, Rect& outRect);
     static void writeToProto(const FloatRect& rect,
                              std::function<FloatRectProto*()> getFloatRectProto);
     static void writeToProto(const Region& region, std::function<RegionProto*()> getRegionProto);
+    static void writeToProto(const Region& region, RegionProto* regionProto);
+    static void readFromProto(const RegionProto& regionProto, Region& outRegion);
     static void writeToProto(const half4 color, std::function<ColorProto*()> getColorProto);
     // This writeToProto for transform is incorrect, but due to backwards compatibility, we can't
     // update Layers to use it. Use writeTransformToProto for any new transform proto data.
@@ -49,6 +54,9 @@
                              const wp<Layer>& touchableRegionBounds,
                              std::function<InputWindowInfoProto*()> getInputWindowInfoProto);
     static void writeToProto(const mat4 matrix, ColorTransformProto* colorTransformProto);
+    static void readFromProto(const ColorTransformProto& colorTransformProto, mat4& matrix);
+    static void writeToProto(const android::BlurRegion region, BlurRegion*);
+    static void readFromProto(const BlurRegion& proto, android::BlurRegion& outRegion);
 };
 
 } // namespace surfaceflinger
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
index 11fe6d0..a1e1455 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
@@ -112,12 +112,10 @@
         }
         drawLayers();
     } else {
-        uint32_t w = static_cast<uint32_t>(getWidth());
-        uint32_t h = static_cast<uint32_t>(getHeight());
         // In the "childrenOnly" case we reparent the children to a screenshot
         // layer which has no properties set and which does not draw.
         sp<ContainerLayer> screenshotParentLayer = mFlinger.getFactory().createContainerLayer(
-                {&mFlinger, nullptr, "Screenshot Parent"s, w, h, 0, LayerMetadata()});
+                {&mFlinger, nullptr, "Screenshot Parent"s, 0, LayerMetadata()});
 
         ReparentForDrawing reparent(mLayer, screenshotParentLayer, sourceCrop);
         drawLayers();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp
index aee820a..f52e60d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerVector.cpp
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@
     const auto& lState = l->getDrawingState();
     const auto& rState = r->getDrawingState();
 
-    uint32_t ls = lState.layerStack;
-    uint32_t rs = rState.layerStack;
+    const auto ls = lState.layerStack;
+    const auto rs = rState.layerStack;
     if (ls != rs)
         return (ls > rs) ? 1 : -1;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/MonitoredProducer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/MonitoredProducer.cpp
index 6b2d745..df76f50 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/MonitoredProducer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/MonitoredProducer.cpp
@@ -33,13 +33,7 @@
     mFlinger(flinger),
     mLayer(layer) {}
 
-MonitoredProducer::~MonitoredProducer() {
-    // Remove ourselves from SurfaceFlinger's list. We do this asynchronously
-    // because we don't know where this destructor is called from. It could be
-    // called with the mStateLock held, leading to a dead-lock (it actually
-    // happens).
-    mFlinger->removeGraphicBufferProducerAsync(onAsBinder());
-}
+MonitoredProducer::~MonitoredProducer() {}
 
 status_t MonitoredProducer::requestBuffer(int slot, sp<GraphicBuffer>* buf) {
     return mProducer->requestBuffer(slot, buf);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index bc32a1d..81c1566 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -25,92 +25,77 @@
 #include "Client.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 
+#include <SkBlendMode.h>
+#include <SkPaint.h>
+#include <SkRect.h>
+#include <SkSurface.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+#include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "RefreshRateOverlay"
 
 namespace android {
 
-void RefreshRateOverlay::SevenSegmentDrawer::drawRect(const Rect& r, const half4& color,
-                                                      const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
-                                                      uint8_t* pixels) {
-    for (int32_t j = r.top; j < r.bottom; j++) {
-        if (j >= buffer->getHeight()) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        for (int32_t i = r.left; i < r.right; i++) {
-            if (i >= buffer->getWidth()) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            uint8_t* iter = pixels + 4 * (i + (buffer->getStride() * j));
-            iter[0] = uint8_t(color.r * 255);
-            iter[1] = uint8_t(color.g * 255);
-            iter[2] = uint8_t(color.b * 255);
-            iter[3] = uint8_t(color.a * 255);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void RefreshRateOverlay::SevenSegmentDrawer::drawSegment(Segment segment, int left,
-                                                         const half4& color,
-                                                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
-                                                         uint8_t* pixels) {
-    const Rect rect = [&]() {
+void RefreshRateOverlay::SevenSegmentDrawer::drawSegment(Segment segment, int left, SkColor& color,
+                                                         SkCanvas& canvas) {
+    const SkRect rect = [&]() {
         switch (segment) {
             case Segment::Upper:
-                return Rect(left, 0, left + DIGIT_WIDTH, DIGIT_SPACE);
+                return SkRect::MakeLTRB(left, 0, left + DIGIT_WIDTH, DIGIT_SPACE);
             case Segment::UpperLeft:
-                return Rect(left, 0, left + DIGIT_SPACE, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2);
+                return SkRect::MakeLTRB(left, 0, left + DIGIT_SPACE, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2);
             case Segment::UpperRight:
-                return Rect(left + DIGIT_WIDTH - DIGIT_SPACE, 0, left + DIGIT_WIDTH,
-                            DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2);
+                return SkRect::MakeLTRB(left + DIGIT_WIDTH - DIGIT_SPACE, 0, left + DIGIT_WIDTH,
+                                        DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2);
             case Segment::Middle:
-                return Rect(left, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2 - DIGIT_SPACE / 2, left + DIGIT_WIDTH,
-                            DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2 + DIGIT_SPACE / 2);
+                return SkRect::MakeLTRB(left, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2 - DIGIT_SPACE / 2,
+                                        left + DIGIT_WIDTH, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2 + DIGIT_SPACE / 2);
             case Segment::LowerLeft:
-                return Rect(left, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2, left + DIGIT_SPACE, DIGIT_HEIGHT);
+                return SkRect::MakeLTRB(left, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2, left + DIGIT_SPACE, DIGIT_HEIGHT);
             case Segment::LowerRight:
-                return Rect(left + DIGIT_WIDTH - DIGIT_SPACE, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2, left + DIGIT_WIDTH,
-                            DIGIT_HEIGHT);
-            case Segment::Buttom:
-                return Rect(left, DIGIT_HEIGHT - DIGIT_SPACE, left + DIGIT_WIDTH, DIGIT_HEIGHT);
+                return SkRect::MakeLTRB(left + DIGIT_WIDTH - DIGIT_SPACE, DIGIT_HEIGHT / 2,
+                                        left + DIGIT_WIDTH, DIGIT_HEIGHT);
+            case Segment::Bottom:
+                return SkRect::MakeLTRB(left, DIGIT_HEIGHT - DIGIT_SPACE, left + DIGIT_WIDTH,
+                                        DIGIT_HEIGHT);
         }
     }();
 
-    drawRect(rect, color, buffer, pixels);
+    SkPaint paint;
+    paint.setColor(color);
+    paint.setBlendMode(SkBlendMode::kSrc);
+    canvas.drawRect(rect, paint);
 }
 
-void RefreshRateOverlay::SevenSegmentDrawer::drawDigit(int digit, int left, const half4& color,
-                                                       const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
-                                                       uint8_t* pixels) {
+void RefreshRateOverlay::SevenSegmentDrawer::drawDigit(int digit, int left, SkColor& color,
+                                                       SkCanvas& canvas) {
     if (digit < 0 || digit > 9) return;
 
     if (digit == 0 || digit == 2 || digit == 3 || digit == 5 || digit == 6 || digit == 7 ||
         digit == 8 || digit == 9)
-        drawSegment(Segment::Upper, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawSegment(Segment::Upper, left, color, canvas);
     if (digit == 0 || digit == 4 || digit == 5 || digit == 6 || digit == 8 || digit == 9)
-        drawSegment(Segment::UpperLeft, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawSegment(Segment::UpperLeft, left, color, canvas);
     if (digit == 0 || digit == 1 || digit == 2 || digit == 3 || digit == 4 || digit == 7 ||
         digit == 8 || digit == 9)
-        drawSegment(Segment::UpperRight, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawSegment(Segment::UpperRight, left, color, canvas);
     if (digit == 2 || digit == 3 || digit == 4 || digit == 5 || digit == 6 || digit == 8 ||
         digit == 9)
-        drawSegment(Segment::Middle, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawSegment(Segment::Middle, left, color, canvas);
     if (digit == 0 || digit == 2 || digit == 6 || digit == 8)
-        drawSegment(Segment::LowerLeft, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawSegment(Segment::LowerLeft, left, color, canvas);
     if (digit == 0 || digit == 1 || digit == 3 || digit == 4 || digit == 5 || digit == 6 ||
         digit == 7 || digit == 8 || digit == 9)
-        drawSegment(Segment::LowerRight, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawSegment(Segment::LowerRight, left, color, canvas);
     if (digit == 0 || digit == 2 || digit == 3 || digit == 5 || digit == 6 || digit == 8 ||
         digit == 9)
-        drawSegment(Segment::Buttom, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawSegment(Segment::Bottom, left, color, canvas);
 }
 
-std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>> RefreshRateOverlay::SevenSegmentDrawer::drawNumber(
-        int number, const half4& color, bool showSpinner) {
+std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>> RefreshRateOverlay::SevenSegmentDrawer::draw(
+        int number, SkColor& color, ui::Transform::RotationFlags rotation, bool showSpinner) {
     if (number < 0 || number > 1000) return {};
 
     const auto hundreds = number / 100;
@@ -120,55 +105,76 @@
     std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>> buffers;
     const auto loopCount = showSpinner ? 6 : 1;
     for (int i = 0; i < loopCount; i++) {
+        // Pre-rotate the buffer before it reaches SurfaceFlinger.
+        SkMatrix canvasTransform = SkMatrix();
+        auto [bufferWidth, bufferHeight] = [&] {
+            switch (rotation) {
+                case ui::Transform::ROT_90:
+                    canvasTransform.setTranslate(BUFFER_HEIGHT, 0);
+                    canvasTransform.preRotate(90);
+                    return std::make_tuple(BUFFER_HEIGHT, BUFFER_WIDTH);
+                case ui::Transform::ROT_270:
+                    canvasTransform.setRotate(270, BUFFER_WIDTH / 2.0, BUFFER_WIDTH / 2.0);
+                    return std::make_tuple(BUFFER_HEIGHT, BUFFER_WIDTH);
+                default:
+                    return std::make_tuple(BUFFER_WIDTH, BUFFER_HEIGHT);
+            }
+        }();
         sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer =
-                new GraphicBuffer(BUFFER_WIDTH, BUFFER_HEIGHT, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
+                new GraphicBuffer(bufferWidth, bufferHeight, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
                                   GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
                                           GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
                                   "RefreshRateOverlayBuffer");
         const status_t bufferStatus = buffer->initCheck();
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(bufferStatus != OK, "RefreshRateOverlay: Buffer failed to allocate: %d",
                             bufferStatus);
-        uint8_t* pixels;
-        buffer->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pixels));
-        // Clear buffer content
-        drawRect(Rect(BUFFER_WIDTH, BUFFER_HEIGHT), half4(0), buffer, pixels);
+
+        sk_sp<SkSurface> surface = SkSurface::MakeRasterN32Premul(bufferWidth, bufferHeight);
+        SkCanvas* canvas = surface->getCanvas();
+        canvas->setMatrix(canvasTransform);
+
         int left = 0;
         if (hundreds != 0) {
-            drawDigit(hundreds, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+            drawDigit(hundreds, left, color, *canvas);
         }
         left += DIGIT_WIDTH + DIGIT_SPACE;
 
         if (tens != 0) {
-            drawDigit(tens, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+            drawDigit(tens, left, color, *canvas);
         }
         left += DIGIT_WIDTH + DIGIT_SPACE;
 
-        drawDigit(ones, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+        drawDigit(ones, left, color, *canvas);
         left += DIGIT_WIDTH + DIGIT_SPACE;
 
         if (showSpinner) {
             switch (i) {
                 case 0:
-                    drawSegment(Segment::Upper, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+                    drawSegment(Segment::Upper, left, color, *canvas);
                     break;
                 case 1:
-                    drawSegment(Segment::UpperRight, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+                    drawSegment(Segment::UpperRight, left, color, *canvas);
                     break;
                 case 2:
-                    drawSegment(Segment::LowerRight, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+                    drawSegment(Segment::LowerRight, left, color, *canvas);
                     break;
                 case 3:
-                    drawSegment(Segment::Buttom, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+                    drawSegment(Segment::Bottom, left, color, *canvas);
                     break;
                 case 4:
-                    drawSegment(Segment::LowerLeft, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+                    drawSegment(Segment::LowerLeft, left, color, *canvas);
                     break;
                 case 5:
-                    drawSegment(Segment::UpperLeft, left, color, buffer, pixels);
+                    drawSegment(Segment::UpperLeft, left, color, *canvas);
                     break;
             }
         }
 
+        void* pixels = nullptr;
+        buffer->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pixels));
+        const SkImageInfo& imageInfo = surface->imageInfo();
+        size_t dstRowBytes = buffer->getStride() * imageInfo.bytesPerPixel();
+        canvas->readPixels(imageInfo, pixels, dstRowBytes, 0, 0);
         buffer->unlock();
         buffers.emplace_back(buffer);
     }
@@ -186,35 +192,49 @@
 }
 
 bool RefreshRateOverlay::createLayer() {
-    int32_t layerId;
-    const status_t ret =
-            mFlinger.createLayer(String8("RefreshRateOverlay"), mClient,
-                                 SevenSegmentDrawer::getWidth(), SevenSegmentDrawer::getHeight(),
-                                 PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                 ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState, LayerMetadata(),
-                                 &mIBinder, &mGbp, nullptr, &layerId);
-    if (ret) {
+    mSurfaceControl =
+            SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault()
+                    ->createSurface(String8("RefreshRateOverlay"), SevenSegmentDrawer::getWidth(),
+                                    SevenSegmentDrawer::getHeight(), PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                                    ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState);
+
+    if (!mSurfaceControl) {
         ALOGE("failed to create buffer state layer");
         return false;
     }
 
-    mLayer = mClient->getLayerUser(mIBinder);
-    mLayer->setFrameRate(Layer::FrameRate(Fps(0.0f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote));
-    mLayer->setIsAtRoot(true);
-
-    // setting Layer's Z requires resorting layersSortedByZ
-    ssize_t idx = mFlinger.mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ.indexOf(mLayer);
-    if (mLayer->setLayer(INT32_MAX - 2) && idx >= 0) {
-        mFlinger.mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ.removeAt(idx);
-        mFlinger.mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ.add(mLayer);
-    }
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction()
+            .setFrameRate(mSurfaceControl, 0.0f,
+                          static_cast<int8_t>(Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote),
+                          static_cast<int8_t>(scheduler::Seamlessness::OnlySeamless))
+            .setLayer(mSurfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2)
+            .setTrustedOverlay(mSurfaceControl, true)
+            .apply();
 
     return true;
 }
 
-const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>>&
-RefreshRateOverlay::getOrCreateBuffers(uint32_t fps) {
-    if (mBufferCache.find(fps) == mBufferCache.end()) {
+const std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>& RefreshRateOverlay::getOrCreateBuffers(uint32_t fps) {
+    ui::Transform::RotationFlags transformHint =
+            static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(mSurfaceControl->getTransformHint());
+    // Tell SurfaceFlinger about the pre-rotation on the buffer.
+    const auto transform = [&] {
+        switch (transformHint) {
+            case ui::Transform::ROT_90:
+                return ui::Transform::ROT_270;
+            case ui::Transform::ROT_270:
+                return ui::Transform::ROT_90;
+            default:
+                return ui::Transform::ROT_0;
+        }
+    }();
+
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    t.setTransform(mSurfaceControl, transform);
+    t.apply();
+
+    if (mBufferCache.find(transformHint) == mBufferCache.end() ||
+        mBufferCache.at(transformHint).find(fps) == mBufferCache.at(transformHint).end()) {
         // Ensure the range is > 0, so we don't divide by 0.
         const auto rangeLength = std::max(1u, mHighFps - mLowFps);
         // Clip values outside the range [mLowFps, mHighFps]. The current fps may be outside
@@ -222,25 +242,18 @@
         fps = std::max(fps, mLowFps);
         fps = std::min(fps, mHighFps);
         const auto fpsScale = static_cast<float>(fps - mLowFps) / rangeLength;
-        half4 color;
-        color.r = HIGH_FPS_COLOR.r * fpsScale + LOW_FPS_COLOR.r * (1 - fpsScale);
-        color.g = HIGH_FPS_COLOR.g * fpsScale + LOW_FPS_COLOR.g * (1 - fpsScale);
-        color.b = HIGH_FPS_COLOR.b * fpsScale + LOW_FPS_COLOR.b * (1 - fpsScale);
-        color.a = ALPHA;
-        auto buffers = SevenSegmentDrawer::drawNumber(fps, color, mShowSpinner);
-        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>> textures;
-        std::transform(buffers.begin(), buffers.end(), std::back_inserter(textures),
-                       [&](const auto& buffer) -> std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> {
-                           return std::make_shared<
-                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture>(buffer,
-                                                                  mFlinger.getRenderEngine(),
-                                                                  renderengine::ExternalTexture::
-                                                                          Usage::READABLE);
-                       });
-        mBufferCache.emplace(fps, textures);
+        SkColor4f colorBase = SkColor4f::FromColor(HIGH_FPS_COLOR) * fpsScale;
+        SkColor4f lowFpsColor = SkColor4f::FromColor(LOW_FPS_COLOR) * (1 - fpsScale);
+        colorBase.fR = colorBase.fR + lowFpsColor.fR;
+        colorBase.fG = colorBase.fG + lowFpsColor.fG;
+        colorBase.fB = colorBase.fB + lowFpsColor.fB;
+        colorBase.fA = ALPHA;
+        SkColor color = colorBase.toSkColor();
+        auto buffers = SevenSegmentDrawer::draw(fps, color, transformHint, mShowSpinner);
+        mBufferCache[transformHint].emplace(fps, buffers);
     }
 
-    return mBufferCache[fps];
+    return mBufferCache[transformHint][fps];
 }
 
 void RefreshRateOverlay::setViewport(ui::Size viewport) {
@@ -250,44 +263,37 @@
     Rect frame((3 * width) >> 4, height >> 5);
     frame.offsetBy(width >> 5, height >> 4);
 
-    layer_state_t::matrix22_t matrix;
-    matrix.dsdx = frame.getWidth() / static_cast<float>(SevenSegmentDrawer::getWidth());
-    matrix.dtdx = 0;
-    matrix.dtdy = 0;
-    matrix.dsdy = frame.getHeight() / static_cast<float>(SevenSegmentDrawer::getHeight());
-    mLayer->setMatrix(matrix, true);
-    mLayer->setPosition(frame.left, frame.top);
-    mFlinger.mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(eTransactionMask);
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    t.setMatrix(mSurfaceControl,
+                frame.getWidth() / static_cast<float>(SevenSegmentDrawer::getWidth()), 0, 0,
+                frame.getHeight() / static_cast<float>(SevenSegmentDrawer::getHeight()));
+    t.setPosition(mSurfaceControl, frame.left, frame.top);
+    t.apply();
 }
 
-void RefreshRateOverlay::setLayerStack(uint32_t stack) {
-    mLayer->setLayerStack(stack);
-    mFlinger.mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(eTransactionMask);
+void RefreshRateOverlay::setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack stack) {
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    t.setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl, stack);
+    t.apply();
 }
 
-void RefreshRateOverlay::changeRefreshRate(const Fps& fps) {
+void RefreshRateOverlay::changeRefreshRate(Fps fps) {
     mCurrentFps = fps.getIntValue();
     auto buffer = getOrCreateBuffers(*mCurrentFps)[mFrame];
-    mLayer->setBuffer(buffer, Fence::NO_FENCE, 0, 0, true, {},
-                      mLayer->getHeadFrameNumber(-1 /* expectedPresentTime */),
-                      std::nullopt /* dequeueTime */, FrameTimelineInfo{},
-                      nullptr /* releaseBufferListener */, nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
-
-    mFlinger.mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(eTransactionMask);
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    t.setBuffer(mSurfaceControl, buffer);
+    t.apply();
 }
 
-void RefreshRateOverlay::onInvalidate() {
+void RefreshRateOverlay::animate() {
     if (!mCurrentFps.has_value()) return;
 
     const auto& buffers = getOrCreateBuffers(*mCurrentFps);
     mFrame = (mFrame + 1) % buffers.size();
     auto buffer = buffers[mFrame];
-    mLayer->setBuffer(buffer, Fence::NO_FENCE, 0, 0, true, {},
-                      mLayer->getHeadFrameNumber(-1 /* expectedPresentTime */),
-                      std::nullopt /* dequeueTime */, FrameTimelineInfo{},
-                      nullptr /* releaseBufferListener */, nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
-
-    mFlinger.mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(eTransactionMask);
+    SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
+    t.setBuffer(mSurfaceControl, buffer);
+    t.apply();
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
index f9baa89..381df37 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.h
@@ -16,15 +16,18 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <SkCanvas.h>
+#include <SkColor.h>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
 #include <math/vec4.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
+#include <ui/LayerStack.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-#include "Fps.h"
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -34,33 +37,30 @@
 class IGraphicBufferProducer;
 class Layer;
 class SurfaceFlinger;
+class SurfaceControl;
 
 class RefreshRateOverlay {
 public:
     RefreshRateOverlay(SurfaceFlinger&, uint32_t lowFps, uint32_t highFps, bool showSpinner);
 
-    void setLayerStack(uint32_t stack);
+    void setLayerStack(ui::LayerStack);
     void setViewport(ui::Size);
-    void changeRefreshRate(const Fps&);
-    void onInvalidate();
+    void changeRefreshRate(Fps);
+    void animate();
 
 private:
     class SevenSegmentDrawer {
     public:
-        static std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>> drawNumber(int number, const half4& color,
-                                                         bool showSpinner);
+        static std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>> draw(int number, SkColor& color,
+                                                   ui::Transform::RotationFlags, bool showSpinner);
         static uint32_t getHeight() { return BUFFER_HEIGHT; }
         static uint32_t getWidth() { return BUFFER_WIDTH; }
 
     private:
-        enum class Segment { Upper, UpperLeft, UpperRight, Middle, LowerLeft, LowerRight, Buttom };
+        enum class Segment { Upper, UpperLeft, UpperRight, Middle, LowerLeft, LowerRight, Bottom };
 
-        static void drawRect(const Rect& r, const half4& color, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
-                             uint8_t* pixels);
-        static void drawSegment(Segment segment, int left, const half4& color,
-                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, uint8_t* pixels);
-        static void drawDigit(int digit, int left, const half4& color,
-                              const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, uint8_t* pixels);
+        static void drawSegment(Segment segment, int left, SkColor& color, SkCanvas& canvas);
+        static void drawDigit(int digit, int left, SkColor& color, SkCanvas& canvas);
 
         static constexpr uint32_t DIGIT_HEIGHT = 100;
         static constexpr uint32_t DIGIT_WIDTH = 64;
@@ -71,28 +71,30 @@
     };
 
     bool createLayer();
-    const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>>& getOrCreateBuffers(
-            uint32_t fps);
+
+    const std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>& getOrCreateBuffers(uint32_t fps);
 
     SurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
     const sp<Client> mClient;
-    sp<Layer> mLayer;
     sp<IBinder> mIBinder;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mGbp;
 
-    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>>>
+    std::unordered_map<ui::Transform::RotationFlags,
+                       std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>>>>
             mBufferCache;
     std::optional<int> mCurrentFps;
     int mFrame = 0;
     static constexpr float ALPHA = 0.8f;
-    const half3 LOW_FPS_COLOR = half3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-    const half3 HIGH_FPS_COLOR = half3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
+    const SkColor LOW_FPS_COLOR = SK_ColorRED;
+    const SkColor HIGH_FPS_COLOR = SK_ColorGREEN;
 
     const bool mShowSpinner;
 
     // Interpolate the colors between these values.
     const uint32_t mLowFps;
     const uint32_t mHighFps;
+
+    sp<SurfaceControl> mSurfaceControl;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index aa2fec5..da8c3e0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <ftl/future.h>
-#include <gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <gui/SyncScreenCaptureListener.h>
 #include <ui/DisplayStatInfo.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@
     if (mSampleRequestTime.has_value()) {
         ATRACE_INT(lumaSamplingStepTag, static_cast<int>(samplingStep::waitForSamplePhase));
         mSampleRequestTime.reset();
-        mFlinger.scheduleRegionSamplingThread();
+        mFlinger.scheduleSample();
     }
 }
 
@@ -356,10 +355,13 @@
                                                renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::WRITEABLE);
     }
 
-    const sp<SyncScreenCaptureListener> captureListener = new SyncScreenCaptureListener();
-    mFlinger.captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer,
-                                 true /* regionSampling */, false /* grayscale */, captureListener);
-    ScreenCaptureResults captureResults = captureListener->waitForResults();
+    auto captureScreenResultFuture =
+            mFlinger.captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer,
+                                         true /* regionSampling */, false /* grayscale */, nullptr);
+    auto& captureScreenResult = captureScreenResultFuture.get();
+    if (captureScreenResult.drawFence.ok()) {
+        sync_wait(captureScreenResult.drawFence.get(), -1);
+    }
 
     std::vector<Descriptor> activeDescriptors;
     for (const auto& descriptor : descriptors) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
index 2231853..686b4b1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/gui/IRegionSamplingListener.h>
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
@@ -30,15 +31,17 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "Scheduler/OneShotTimer.h"
+#include "WpHash.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
-class IRegionSamplingListener;
 class Layer;
 class Scheduler;
 class SurfaceFlinger;
 struct SamplingOffsetCallback;
 
+using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
+
 float sampleArea(const uint32_t* data, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t stride,
                  uint32_t orientation, const Rect& area);
 
@@ -88,11 +91,6 @@
         sp<IRegionSamplingListener> listener;
     };
 
-    struct WpHash {
-        size_t operator()(const wp<IBinder>& p) const {
-            return std::hash<IBinder*>()(p.unsafe_get());
-        }
-    };
     std::vector<float> sampleBuffer(
             const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const Point& leftTop,
             const std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor>& descriptors, uint32_t orientation);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.cpp
index 9a6c853..5fea521 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-
 #include "RenderArea.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -33,6 +29,3 @@
 }
 
 } // namespace android
-
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..409d098
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_native_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_native_license"],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libscheduler_defaults",
+    defaults: ["surfaceflinger_defaults"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-DLOG_TAG=\"Scheduler\"",
+        "-DATRACE_TAG=ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libscheduler_headers",
+    defaults: ["libscheduler_defaults"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libscheduler",
+    defaults: ["libscheduler_defaults"],
+    srcs: [],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index 2bdcaf6..627c49a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -170,20 +170,21 @@
     mEventThread->registerDisplayEventConnection(this);
 }
 
-status_t EventThreadConnection::stealReceiveChannel(gui::BitTube* outChannel) {
+binder::Status EventThreadConnection::stealReceiveChannel(gui::BitTube* outChannel) {
     outChannel->setReceiveFd(mChannel.moveReceiveFd());
     outChannel->setSendFd(base::unique_fd(dup(mChannel.getSendFd())));
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
-status_t EventThreadConnection::setVsyncRate(uint32_t rate) {
-    mEventThread->setVsyncRate(rate, this);
-    return NO_ERROR;
+binder::Status EventThreadConnection::setVsyncRate(int rate) {
+    mEventThread->setVsyncRate(static_cast<uint32_t>(rate), this);
+    return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
-void EventThreadConnection::requestNextVsync() {
+binder::Status EventThreadConnection::requestNextVsync() {
     ATRACE_NAME("requestNextVsync");
     mEventThread->requestNextVsync(this);
+    return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
 status_t EventThreadConnection::postEvent(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event) {
@@ -355,14 +356,7 @@
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
 
     LOG_FATAL_IF(!mVSyncState);
-    const int64_t vsyncId = [&] {
-        if (mTokenManager != nullptr) {
-            return mTokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions(
-                    {timestamp, deadlineTimestamp, expectedVSyncTimestamp});
-        }
-        return FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID;
-    }();
-
+    const int64_t vsyncId = generateToken(timestamp, deadlineTimestamp, expectedVSyncTimestamp);
     mPendingEvents.push_back(makeVSync(mVSyncState->displayId, timestamp, ++mVSyncState->count,
                                        expectedVSyncTimestamp, deadlineTimestamp, vsyncId));
     mCondition.notify_all();
@@ -567,12 +561,48 @@
     }
 }
 
+int64_t EventThread::generateToken(nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp,
+                                   nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp) const {
+    if (mTokenManager != nullptr) {
+        return mTokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions(
+                {timestamp, deadlineTimestamp, expectedVSyncTimestamp});
+    }
+    return FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID;
+}
+
+void EventThread::generateFrameTimeline(DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event) const {
+    // Add 1 to ensure the preferredFrameTimelineIndex entry (when multiplier == 0) is included.
+    for (int multiplier = -DisplayEventReceiver::kFrameTimelinesLength + 1, currentIndex = 0;
+         currentIndex < DisplayEventReceiver::kFrameTimelinesLength; multiplier++) {
+        nsecs_t deadline = event.vsync.deadlineTimestamp + multiplier * event.vsync.frameInterval;
+        // Valid possible frame timelines must have future values.
+        if (deadline > event.header.timestamp) {
+            if (multiplier == 0) {
+                event.vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = currentIndex;
+                event.vsync.frameTimelines[currentIndex] =
+                        {.vsyncId = event.vsync.vsyncId,
+                         .deadlineTimestamp = event.vsync.deadlineTimestamp,
+                         .expectedVSyncTimestamp = event.vsync.expectedVSyncTimestamp};
+            } else {
+                nsecs_t expectedVSync =
+                        event.vsync.expectedVSyncTimestamp + multiplier * event.vsync.frameInterval;
+                event.vsync.frameTimelines[currentIndex] =
+                        {.vsyncId = generateToken(event.header.timestamp, deadline, expectedVSync),
+                         .deadlineTimestamp = deadline,
+                         .expectedVSyncTimestamp = expectedVSync};
+            }
+            currentIndex++;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void EventThread::dispatchEvent(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event,
                                 const DisplayEventConsumers& consumers) {
     for (const auto& consumer : consumers) {
         DisplayEventReceiver::Event copy = event;
         if (event.header.type == DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC) {
             copy.vsync.frameInterval = mGetVsyncPeriodFunction(consumer->mOwnerUid);
+            generateFrameTimeline(copy);
         }
         switch (consumer->postEvent(copy)) {
             case NO_ERROR:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 9265a25..fa9af09 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/gui/BnDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <private/gui/BitTube.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     virtual void dump(std::string& result) const = 0;
 };
 
-class EventThreadConnection : public BnDisplayEventConnection {
+class EventThreadConnection : public gui::BnDisplayEventConnection {
 public:
     EventThreadConnection(EventThread*, uid_t callingUid, ResyncCallback,
                           ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {});
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@
 
     virtual status_t postEvent(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event);
 
-    status_t stealReceiveChannel(gui::BitTube* outChannel) override;
-    status_t setVsyncRate(uint32_t rate) override;
-    void requestNextVsync() override; // asynchronous
+    binder::Status stealReceiveChannel(gui::BitTube* outChannel) override;
+    binder::Status setVsyncRate(int rate) override;
+    binder::Status requestNextVsync() override; // asynchronous
 
     // Called in response to requestNextVsync.
     const ResyncCallback resyncCallback;
@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@
     void onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp,
                       nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp) override;
 
+    int64_t generateToken(nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp,
+                          nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp) const;
+    void generateFrameTimeline(DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event) const;
+
     const std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> mVSyncSource GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     frametimeline::TokenManager* const mTokenManager;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
index 84e3548..74a2ca7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.cpp
@@ -84,42 +84,38 @@
 
 void LayerHistory::registerLayer(Layer* layer, LayerVoteType type) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-    for (const auto& info : mLayerInfos) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(info.first == layer, "%s already registered", layer->getName().c_str());
-    }
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(findLayer(layer->getSequence()).first !=
+                                LayerHistory::layerStatus::NotFound,
+                        "%s already registered", layer->getName().c_str());
     auto info = std::make_unique<LayerInfo>(layer->getName(), layer->getOwnerUid(), type);
-    mLayerInfos.emplace_back(layer, std::move(info));
+
+    // The layer can be placed on either map, it is assumed that partitionLayers() will be called
+    // to correct them.
+    mInactiveLayerInfos.insert({layer->getSequence(), std::make_pair(layer, std::move(info))});
 }
 
 void LayerHistory::deregisterLayer(Layer* layer) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-
-    const auto it = std::find_if(mLayerInfos.begin(), mLayerInfos.end(),
-                                 [layer](const auto& pair) { return pair.first == layer; });
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mLayerInfos.end(), "%s: unknown layer %p", __FUNCTION__, layer);
-
-    const size_t i = static_cast<size_t>(it - mLayerInfos.begin());
-    if (i < mActiveLayersEnd) {
-        mActiveLayersEnd--;
+    if (!mActiveLayerInfos.erase(layer->getSequence())) {
+        if (!mInactiveLayerInfos.erase(layer->getSequence())) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s: unknown layer %p", __FUNCTION__, layer);
+        }
     }
-    const size_t last = mLayerInfos.size() - 1;
-    std::swap(mLayerInfos[i], mLayerInfos[last]);
-    mLayerInfos.erase(mLayerInfos.begin() + static_cast<long>(last));
 }
 
 void LayerHistory::record(Layer* layer, nsecs_t presentTime, nsecs_t now,
                           LayerUpdateType updateType) {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    auto id = layer->getSequence();
 
-    const auto it = std::find_if(mLayerInfos.begin(), mLayerInfos.end(),
-                                 [layer](const auto& pair) { return pair.first == layer; });
-    if (it == mLayerInfos.end()) {
+    auto [found, layerPair] = findLayer(id);
+    if (found == LayerHistory::layerStatus::NotFound) {
         // Offscreen layer
         ALOGV("LayerHistory::record: %s not registered", layer->getName().c_str());
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto& info = it->second;
+    const auto& info = layerPair->second;
     const auto layerProps = LayerInfo::LayerProps{
             .visible = layer->isVisible(),
             .bounds = layer->getBounds(),
@@ -131,9 +127,10 @@
     info->setLastPresentTime(presentTime, now, updateType, mModeChangePending, layerProps);
 
     // Activate layer if inactive.
-    if (const auto end = activeLayers().end(); it >= end) {
-        std::iter_swap(it, end);
-        mActiveLayersEnd++;
+    if (found == LayerHistory::layerStatus::LayerInInactiveMap) {
+        mActiveLayerInfos.insert(
+                {id, std::make_pair(layerPair->first, std::move(layerPair->second))});
+        mInactiveLayerInfos.erase(id);
     }
 }
 
@@ -145,7 +142,8 @@
 
     partitionLayers(now);
 
-    for (const auto& [layer, info] : activeLayers()) {
+    for (const auto& [key, value] : mActiveLayerInfos) {
+        auto& info = value.second;
         const auto frameRateSelectionPriority = info->getFrameRateSelectionPriority();
         const auto layerFocused = Layer::isLayerFocusedBasedOnPriority(frameRateSelectionPriority);
         ALOGV("%s has priority: %d %s focused", info->getName().c_str(), frameRateSelectionPriority,
@@ -179,12 +177,29 @@
 void LayerHistory::partitionLayers(nsecs_t now) {
     const nsecs_t threshold = getActiveLayerThreshold(now);
 
-    // Collect expired and inactive layers after active layers.
-    size_t i = 0;
-    while (i < mActiveLayersEnd) {
-        auto& [layerUnsafe, info] = mLayerInfos[i];
+    // iterate over inactive map
+    LayerInfos::iterator it = mInactiveLayerInfos.begin();
+    while (it != mInactiveLayerInfos.end()) {
+        auto& [layerUnsafe, info] = it->second;
         if (isLayerActive(*info, threshold)) {
-            i++;
+            // move this to the active map
+
+            mActiveLayerInfos.insert({it->first, std::move(it->second)});
+            it = mInactiveLayerInfos.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            if (CC_UNLIKELY(mTraceEnabled)) {
+                trace(*info, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote, 0);
+            }
+            info->onLayerInactive(now);
+            it++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // iterate over active map
+    it = mActiveLayerInfos.begin();
+    while (it != mActiveLayerInfos.end()) {
+        auto& [layerUnsafe, info] = it->second;
+        if (isLayerActive(*info, threshold)) {
             // Set layer vote if set
             const auto frameRate = info->getSetFrameRateVote();
             const auto voteType = [&]() {
@@ -206,30 +221,68 @@
             } else {
                 info->resetLayerVote();
             }
-            continue;
-        }
 
-        if (CC_UNLIKELY(mTraceEnabled)) {
-            trace(*info, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote, 0);
+            it++;
+        } else {
+            if (CC_UNLIKELY(mTraceEnabled)) {
+                trace(*info, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote, 0);
+            }
+            info->onLayerInactive(now);
+            // move this to the inactive map
+            mInactiveLayerInfos.insert({it->first, std::move(it->second)});
+            it = mActiveLayerInfos.erase(it);
         }
-
-        info->onLayerInactive(now);
-        std::swap(mLayerInfos[i], mLayerInfos[--mActiveLayersEnd]);
     }
 }
 
 void LayerHistory::clear() {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-
-    for (const auto& [layer, info] : activeLayers()) {
-        info->clearHistory(systemTime());
+    for (const auto& [key, value] : mActiveLayerInfos) {
+        value.second->clearHistory(systemTime());
     }
 }
 
 std::string LayerHistory::dump() const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
-    return base::StringPrintf("LayerHistory{size=%zu, active=%zu}", mLayerInfos.size(),
-                              mActiveLayersEnd);
+    return base::StringPrintf("LayerHistory{size=%zu, active=%zu}",
+                              mActiveLayerInfos.size() + mInactiveLayerInfos.size(),
+                              mActiveLayerInfos.size());
+}
+
+float LayerHistory::getLayerFramerate(nsecs_t now, int32_t id) const {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    auto [found, layerPair] = findLayer(id);
+    if (found != LayerHistory::layerStatus::NotFound) {
+        return layerPair->second->getFps(now).getValue();
+    }
+    return 0.f;
+}
+
+std::pair<LayerHistory::layerStatus, LayerHistory::LayerPair*> LayerHistory::findLayer(int32_t id) {
+    // the layer could be in either the active or inactive map, try both
+    auto it = mActiveLayerInfos.find(id);
+    if (it != mActiveLayerInfos.end()) {
+        return std::make_pair(LayerHistory::layerStatus::LayerInActiveMap, &(it->second));
+    }
+    it = mInactiveLayerInfos.find(id);
+    if (it != mInactiveLayerInfos.end()) {
+        return std::make_pair(LayerHistory::layerStatus::LayerInInactiveMap, &(it->second));
+    }
+    return std::make_pair(LayerHistory::layerStatus::NotFound, nullptr);
+}
+
+std::pair<LayerHistory::layerStatus, const LayerHistory::LayerPair*> LayerHistory::findLayer(
+        int32_t id) const {
+    // the layer could be in either the active or inactive map, try both
+    auto it = mActiveLayerInfos.find(id);
+    if (it != mActiveLayerInfos.end()) {
+        return std::make_pair(LayerHistory::layerStatus::LayerInActiveMap, &(it->second));
+    }
+    it = mInactiveLayerInfos.find(id);
+    if (it != mInactiveLayerInfos.end()) {
+        return std::make_pair(LayerHistory::layerStatus::LayerInInactiveMap, &(it->second));
+    }
+    return std::make_pair(LayerHistory::layerStatus::NotFound, nullptr);
 }
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
index 92236f5..cc55700 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
@@ -31,11 +32,9 @@
 namespace android {
 
 class Layer;
-class TestableScheduler;
 
 namespace scheduler {
 
-class LayerHistoryTest;
 class LayerInfo;
 
 class LayerHistory {
@@ -74,34 +73,43 @@
     void deregisterLayer(Layer*);
     std::string dump() const;
 
+    // return the frames per second of the layer with the given sequence id.
+    float getLayerFramerate(nsecs_t now, int32_t id) const;
+
 private:
-    friend LayerHistoryTest;
-    friend TestableScheduler;
+    friend class LayerHistoryTest;
+    friend class TestableScheduler;
 
     using LayerPair = std::pair<Layer*, std::unique_ptr<LayerInfo>>;
-    using LayerInfos = std::vector<LayerPair>;
+    // keyed by id as returned from Layer::getSequence()
+    using LayerInfos = std::unordered_map<int32_t, LayerPair>;
 
-    struct ActiveLayers {
-        LayerInfos& infos;
-        const size_t index;
+    // Iterates over layers maps moving all active layers to mActiveLayerInfos and all inactive
+    // layers to mInactiveLayerInfos.
+    // worst case time complexity is O(2 * inactive + active)
+    void partitionLayers(nsecs_t now) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-        auto begin() { return infos.begin(); }
-        auto end() { return begin() + static_cast<long>(index); }
+    enum class layerStatus {
+        NotFound,
+        LayerInActiveMap,
+        LayerInInactiveMap,
     };
 
-    ActiveLayers activeLayers() REQUIRES(mLock) { return {mLayerInfos, mActiveLayersEnd}; }
-
-    // Iterates over layers in a single pass, swapping pairs such that active layers precede
-    // inactive layers, and inactive layers precede expired layers. Removes expired layers by
-    // truncating after inactive layers.
-    void partitionLayers(nsecs_t now) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    // looks up a layer by sequence id in both layerInfo maps.
+    // The first element indicates if and where the item was found
+    std::pair<layerStatus, LayerHistory::LayerPair*> findLayer(int32_t id) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    std::pair<layerStatus, const LayerHistory::LayerPair*> findLayer(int32_t id) const
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
 
-    // Partitioned such that active layers precede inactive layers. For fast lookup, the few active
-    // layers are at the front, and weak pointers are stored in contiguous memory to hit the cache.
-    LayerInfos mLayerInfos GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    size_t mActiveLayersEnd GUARDED_BY(mLock) = 0;
+    // Partitioned into two maps to facility two kinds of retrieval:
+    // 1. retrieval of a layer by id (attempt lookup in both maps)
+    // 2. retrieval of all active layers (iterate that map)
+    // The partitioning is allowed to become out of date but calling partitionLayers refreshes the
+    // validity of each map.
+    LayerInfos mActiveLayerInfos GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    LayerInfos mInactiveLayerInfos GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     uint32_t mDisplayArea = 0;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
index 8a45b66..943615c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 #include <cutils/trace.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "LayerInfo"
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
       : mName(name),
         mOwnerUid(ownerUid),
         mDefaultVote(defaultVote),
-        mLayerVote({defaultVote, Fps(0.0f)}),
+        mLayerVote({defaultVote, Fps()}),
         mRefreshRateHistory(name) {}
 
 void LayerInfo::setLastPresentTime(nsecs_t lastPresentTime, nsecs_t now, LayerUpdateType updateType,
@@ -74,12 +75,16 @@
 }
 
 bool LayerInfo::isFrequent(nsecs_t now) const {
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator>=;
     // If we know nothing about this layer we consider it as frequent as it might be the start
     // of an animation.
     if (mFrameTimes.size() < kFrequentLayerWindowSize) {
         return true;
     }
+    return getFps(now) >= kMinFpsForFrequentLayer;
+}
 
+Fps LayerInfo::getFps(nsecs_t now) const {
     // Find the first active frame
     auto it = mFrameTimes.begin();
     for (; it != mFrameTimes.end(); ++it) {
@@ -90,13 +95,12 @@
 
     const auto numFrames = std::distance(it, mFrameTimes.end());
     if (numFrames < kFrequentLayerWindowSize) {
-        return false;
+        return Fps();
     }
 
     // Layer is considered frequent if the average frame rate is higher than the threshold
     const auto totalTime = mFrameTimes.back().queueTime - it->queueTime;
-    return Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(totalTime / (numFrames - 1))
-            .greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(kMinFpsForFrequentLayer);
+    return Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(totalTime / (numFrames - 1));
 }
 
 bool LayerInfo::isAnimating(nsecs_t now) const {
@@ -191,17 +195,17 @@
         return std::nullopt;
     }
 
-    const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
-    if (averageFrameTime.has_value()) {
+    if (const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime()) {
         const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
         const bool refreshRateConsistent = mRefreshRateHistory.add(refreshRate, now);
         if (refreshRateConsistent) {
             const auto knownRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs.findClosestKnownFrameRate(refreshRate);
-            // To avoid oscillation, use the last calculated refresh rate if it is
-            // close enough
+            using fps_approx_ops::operator!=;
+
+            // To avoid oscillation, use the last calculated refresh rate if it is close enough.
             if (std::abs(mLastRefreshRate.calculated.getValue() - refreshRate.getValue()) >
                         MARGIN &&
-                !mLastRefreshRate.reported.equalsWithMargin(knownRefreshRate)) {
+                mLastRefreshRate.reported != knownRefreshRate) {
                 mLastRefreshRate.calculated = refreshRate;
                 mLastRefreshRate.reported = knownRefreshRate;
             }
@@ -228,7 +232,7 @@
     if (isAnimating(now)) {
         ALOGV("%s is animating", mName.c_str());
         mLastRefreshRate.animatingOrInfrequent = true;
-        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(0.0f)};
+        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps()};
     }
 
     if (!isFrequent(now)) {
@@ -236,7 +240,7 @@
         mLastRefreshRate.animatingOrInfrequent = true;
         // Infrequent layers vote for mininal refresh rate for
         // battery saving purposes and also to prevent b/135718869.
-        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, Fps(0.0f)};
+        return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, Fps()};
     }
 
     // If the layer was previously tagged as animating or infrequent, we clear
@@ -253,13 +257,13 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("%s Max (can't resolve refresh rate)", mName.c_str());
-    return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(0.0f)};
+    return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, Fps()};
 }
 
-const char* LayerInfo::getTraceTag(android::scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) const {
+const char* LayerInfo::getTraceTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) const {
     if (mTraceTags.count(type) == 0) {
-        const auto tag = "LFPS " + mName + " " + RefreshRateConfigs::layerVoteTypeString(type);
-        mTraceTags.emplace(type, tag);
+        auto tag = "LFPS " + mName + " " + ftl::enum_string(type);
+        mTraceTags.emplace(type, std::move(tag));
     }
 
     return mTraceTags.at(type).c_str();
@@ -300,9 +304,13 @@
 bool LayerInfo::RefreshRateHistory::isConsistent() const {
     if (mRefreshRates.empty()) return true;
 
-    const auto max = std::max_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end());
-    const auto min = std::min_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end());
-    const auto consistent =
+    const auto [min, max] =
+            std::minmax_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end(),
+                                [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
+                                    return isStrictlyLess(lhs.refreshRate, rhs.refreshRate);
+                                });
+
+    const bool consistent =
             max->refreshRate.getValue() - min->refreshRate.getValue() < MARGIN_CONSISTENT_FPS;
 
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(sTraceEnabled)) {
@@ -321,4 +329,4 @@
 } // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
\ No newline at end of file
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index ce9783c..2d88a4f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -16,15 +16,19 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <chrono>
+#include <deque>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
 #include <ui/Transform.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
-#include <chrono>
-#include <deque>
+#include <scheduler/Seamlessness.h>
 
 #include "LayerHistory.h"
 #include "RefreshRateConfigs.h"
-#include "Scheduler/Seamlessness.h"
 #include "SchedulerUtils.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@
     // is within a threshold. If a layer is infrequent, its average refresh rate is disregarded in
     // favor of a low refresh rate.
     static constexpr size_t kFrequentLayerWindowSize = 3;
-    static constexpr Fps kMinFpsForFrequentLayer{10.0f};
+    static constexpr Fps kMinFpsForFrequentLayer = 10_Hz;
     static constexpr auto kMaxPeriodForFrequentLayerNs =
             std::chrono::nanoseconds(kMinFpsForFrequentLayer.getPeriodNsecs()) + 1ms;
 
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@
     // Holds information about the layer vote
     struct LayerVote {
         LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type = LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-        Fps fps{0.0f};
+        Fps fps;
         Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
     };
 
@@ -78,6 +82,8 @@
 
         NoVote, // Layer doesn't have any requirements for the refresh rate and
                 // should not be considered when the display refresh rate is determined.
+
+        ftl_last = NoVote
     };
 
     // Encapsulates the frame rate and compatibility of the layer. This information will be used
@@ -86,19 +92,17 @@
         using Seamlessness = scheduler::Seamlessness;
 
         Fps rate;
-        FrameRateCompatibility type;
-        Seamlessness seamlessness;
+        FrameRateCompatibility type = FrameRateCompatibility::Default;
+        Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
 
-        FrameRate()
-              : rate(0),
-                type(FrameRateCompatibility::Default),
-                seamlessness(Seamlessness::Default) {}
+        FrameRate() = default;
+
         FrameRate(Fps rate, FrameRateCompatibility type,
                   Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless)
               : rate(rate), type(type), seamlessness(getSeamlessness(rate, seamlessness)) {}
 
         bool operator==(const FrameRate& other) const {
-            return rate.equalsWithMargin(other.rate) && type == other.type &&
+            return isApproxEqual(rate, other.rate) && type == other.type &&
                     seamlessness == other.seamlessness;
         }
 
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@
     void setDefaultLayerVote(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) { mDefaultVote = type; }
 
     // Resets the layer vote to its default.
-    void resetLayerVote() { mLayerVote = {mDefaultVote, Fps(0.0f), Seamlessness::Default}; }
+    void resetLayerVote() { mLayerVote = {mDefaultVote, Fps(), Seamlessness::Default}; }
 
     std::string getName() const { return mName; }
 
@@ -174,6 +178,9 @@
     // Returns a C string for tracing a vote
     const char* getTraceTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) const;
 
+    // Return the framerate of this layer.
+    Fps getFps(nsecs_t now) const;
+
     void onLayerInactive(nsecs_t now) {
         // Mark mFrameTimeValidSince to now to ignore all previous frame times.
         // We are not deleting the old frame to keep track of whether we should treat the first
@@ -201,9 +208,9 @@
     // Holds information about the calculated and reported refresh rate
     struct RefreshRateHeuristicData {
         // Rate calculated on the layer
-        Fps calculated{0.0f};
+        Fps calculated;
         // Last reported rate for LayerInfo::getRefreshRate()
-        Fps reported{0.0f};
+        Fps reported;
         // Whether the last reported rate for LayerInfo::getRefreshRate()
         // was due to animation or infrequent updates
         bool animatingOrInfrequent = false;
@@ -229,14 +236,8 @@
 
         // Holds the refresh rate when it was calculated
         struct RefreshRateData {
-            Fps refreshRate{0.0f};
+            Fps refreshRate;
             nsecs_t timestamp = 0;
-
-            bool operator<(const RefreshRateData& other) const {
-                // We don't need comparison with margins since we are using
-                // this to find the min and max refresh rates.
-                return refreshRate.getValue() < other.refreshRate.getValue();
-            }
         };
 
         // Holds tracing strings
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@
 
     // Used for sanitizing the heuristic data. If two frames are less than
     // this period apart from each other they'll be considered as duplicates.
-    static constexpr nsecs_t kMinPeriodBetweenFrames = Fps(240.f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    static constexpr nsecs_t kMinPeriodBetweenFrames = (240_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
     // Used for sanitizing the heuristic data. If two frames are more than
     // this period apart from each other, the interval between them won't be
     // taken into account when calculating average frame rate.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
index 4d51125..a020e2c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.cpp
@@ -27,49 +27,44 @@
 #include "EventThread.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "MessageQueue.h"
-#include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 
 namespace android::impl {
 
-void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchRefresh() {
-    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(eventMaskRefresh) & eventMaskRefresh) == 0) {
-        mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(MessageQueue::REFRESH));
-    }
-}
-
-void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp) {
-    if ((mEventMask.fetch_or(eventMaskInvalidate) & eventMaskInvalidate) == 0) {
+void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchFrame(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) {
+    if (!mFramePending.exchange(true)) {
         mVsyncId = vsyncId;
-        mExpectedVSyncTime = expectedVSyncTimestamp;
-        mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE));
+        mExpectedVsyncTime = expectedVsyncTime;
+        mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message());
     }
 }
 
-bool MessageQueue::Handler::invalidatePending() {
-    constexpr auto pendingMask = eventMaskInvalidate | eventMaskRefresh;
-    return (mEventMask.load() & pendingMask) != 0;
+bool MessageQueue::Handler::isFramePending() const {
+    return mFramePending.load();
 }
 
-void MessageQueue::Handler::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
-    switch (message.what) {
-        case INVALIDATE:
-            mEventMask.fetch_and(~eventMaskInvalidate);
-            mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what, mVsyncId, mExpectedVSyncTime);
-            break;
-        case REFRESH:
-            mEventMask.fetch_and(~eventMaskRefresh);
-            mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what, mVsyncId, mExpectedVSyncTime);
-            break;
+void MessageQueue::Handler::handleMessage(const Message&) {
+    mFramePending.store(false);
+
+    const nsecs_t frameTime = systemTime();
+    auto& compositor = mQueue.mCompositor;
+
+    if (!compositor.commit(frameTime, mVsyncId, mExpectedVsyncTime)) {
+        return;
     }
+
+    compositor.composite(frameTime);
+    compositor.sample();
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MessageQueue::MessageQueue(ICompositor& compositor)
+      : MessageQueue(compositor, sp<Handler>::make(*this)) {}
 
-void MessageQueue::init(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger) {
-    mFlinger = flinger;
-    mLooper = new Looper(true);
-    mHandler = new Handler(*this);
-}
+constexpr bool kAllowNonCallbacks = true;
+
+MessageQueue::MessageQueue(ICompositor& compositor, sp<Handler> handler)
+      : mCompositor(compositor),
+        mLooper(sp<Looper>::make(kAllowNonCallbacks)),
+        mHandler(std::move(handler)) {}
 
 // TODO(b/169865816): refactor VSyncInjections to use MessageQueue directly
 // and remove the EventThread from MessageQueue
@@ -110,11 +105,13 @@
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
         mVsync.lastCallbackTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncTime);
-        mVsync.scheduled = false;
+        mVsync.scheduledFrameTime.reset();
     }
-    mHandler->dispatchInvalidate(mVsync.tokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions(
-                                         {targetWakeupTime, readyTime, vsyncTime}),
-                                 vsyncTime);
+
+    const auto vsyncId = mVsync.tokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions(
+            {targetWakeupTime, readyTime, vsyncTime});
+
+    mHandler->dispatchFrame(vsyncId, vsyncTime);
 }
 
 void MessageQueue::initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch& dispatch,
@@ -135,8 +132,8 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
     mVsync.workDuration = workDuration;
-    if (mVsync.scheduled) {
-        mVsync.expectedWakeupTime = mVsync.registration->schedule(
+    if (mVsync.scheduledFrameTime) {
+        mVsync.scheduledFrameTime = mVsync.registration->schedule(
                 {mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
                  /*readyDuration=*/0, mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
     }
@@ -168,7 +165,7 @@
     mLooper->sendMessage(handler, Message());
 }
 
-void MessageQueue::invalidate() {
+void MessageQueue::scheduleFrame() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     {
@@ -181,41 +178,34 @@
     }
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
-    mVsync.scheduled = true;
-    mVsync.expectedWakeupTime =
+    mVsync.scheduledFrameTime =
             mVsync.registration->schedule({.workDuration = mVsync.workDuration.get().count(),
                                            .readyDuration = 0,
                                            .earliestVsync = mVsync.lastCallbackTime.count()});
 }
 
-void MessageQueue::refresh() {
-    mHandler->dispatchRefresh();
-}
-
 void MessageQueue::injectorCallback() {
     ssize_t n;
     DisplayEventReceiver::Event buffer[8];
     while ((n = DisplayEventReceiver::getEvents(&mInjector.tube, buffer, 8)) > 0) {
         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             if (buffer[i].header.type == DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC) {
-                mHandler->dispatchInvalidate(buffer[i].vsync.vsyncId,
-                                             buffer[i].vsync.expectedVSyncTimestamp);
+                auto& vsync = buffer[i].vsync;
+                mHandler->dispatchFrame(vsync.vsyncId, vsync.expectedVSyncTimestamp);
                 break;
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> MessageQueue::nextExpectedInvalidate() {
-    if (mHandler->invalidatePending()) {
-        return std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+auto MessageQueue::getScheduledFrameTime() const -> std::optional<Clock::time_point> {
+    if (mHandler->isFramePending()) {
+        return Clock::now();
     }
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mVsync.mutex);
-    if (mVsync.scheduled) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mVsync.expectedWakeupTime.has_value(), "callback was never scheduled");
-        const auto expectedWakeupTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(*mVsync.expectedWakeupTime);
-        return std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point>(expectedWakeupTime);
+    if (const auto time = mVsync.scheduledFrameTime) {
+        return Clock::time_point(std::chrono::nanoseconds(*time));
     }
 
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
index 58ce9b9..9532e26 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/MessageQueue.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
+#include <android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <private/gui/BitTube.h>
 #include <utils/Looper.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
@@ -33,7 +33,14 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-class SurfaceFlinger;
+struct ICompositor {
+    virtual bool commit(nsecs_t frameTime, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) = 0;
+    virtual void composite(nsecs_t frameTime) = 0;
+    virtual void sample() = 0;
+
+protected:
+    ~ICompositor() = default;
+};
 
 template <typename F>
 class Task : public MessageHandler {
@@ -56,65 +63,60 @@
 
 class MessageQueue {
 public:
-    enum {
-        INVALIDATE = 0,
-        REFRESH = 1,
-    };
-
     virtual ~MessageQueue() = default;
 
-    virtual void init(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger) = 0;
     virtual void initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                            std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) = 0;
     virtual void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) = 0;
     virtual void setInjector(sp<EventThreadConnection>) = 0;
     virtual void waitMessage() = 0;
     virtual void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&&) = 0;
-    virtual void invalidate() = 0;
-    virtual void refresh() = 0;
-    virtual std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextExpectedInvalidate() = 0;
-};
+    virtual void scheduleFrame() = 0;
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    using Clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+    virtual std::optional<Clock::time_point> getScheduledFrameTime() const = 0;
+};
 
 namespace impl {
 
 class MessageQueue : public android::MessageQueue {
 protected:
     class Handler : public MessageHandler {
-        enum : uint32_t {
-            eventMaskInvalidate = 0x1,
-            eventMaskRefresh = 0x2,
-            eventMaskTransaction = 0x4
-        };
         MessageQueue& mQueue;
-        std::atomic<uint32_t> mEventMask;
-        std::atomic<int64_t> mVsyncId;
-        std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedVSyncTime;
+        std::atomic_bool mFramePending = false;
+        std::atomic<int64_t> mVsyncId = 0;
+        std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedVsyncTime = 0;
 
     public:
-        explicit Handler(MessageQueue& queue) : mQueue(queue), mEventMask(0) {}
+        explicit Handler(MessageQueue& queue) : mQueue(queue) {}
         void handleMessage(const Message& message) override;
-        virtual void dispatchRefresh();
-        virtual void dispatchInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp);
-        virtual bool invalidatePending();
+
+        bool isFramePending() const;
+
+        virtual void dispatchFrame(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime);
     };
 
     friend class Handler;
 
-    sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger;
-    sp<Looper> mLooper;
+    // For tests.
+    MessageQueue(ICompositor&, sp<Handler>);
+
+    void vsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime);
+
+private:
+    ICompositor& mCompositor;
+    const sp<Looper> mLooper;
+    const sp<Handler> mHandler;
 
     struct Vsync {
         frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager = nullptr;
         std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration> registration;
 
-        std::mutex mutex;
+        mutable std::mutex mutex;
         TracedOrdinal<std::chrono::nanoseconds> workDuration
                 GUARDED_BY(mutex) = {"VsyncWorkDuration-sf", std::chrono::nanoseconds(0)};
         std::chrono::nanoseconds lastCallbackTime GUARDED_BY(mutex) = std::chrono::nanoseconds{0};
-        bool scheduled GUARDED_BY(mutex) = false;
-        std::optional<nsecs_t> expectedWakeupTime GUARDED_BY(mutex);
+        std::optional<nsecs_t> scheduledFrameTime GUARDED_BY(mutex);
         TracedOrdinal<int> value = {"VSYNC-sf", 0};
     };
 
@@ -127,14 +129,11 @@
     Vsync mVsync;
     Injector mInjector;
 
-    sp<Handler> mHandler;
-
-    void vsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime);
     void injectorCallback();
 
 public:
-    ~MessageQueue() override = default;
-    void init(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger) override;
+    explicit MessageQueue(ICompositor&);
+
     void initVsync(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
                    std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) override;
     void setDuration(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration) override;
@@ -143,13 +142,9 @@
     void waitMessage() override;
     void postMessage(sp<MessageHandler>&&) override;
 
-    // sends INVALIDATE message at next VSYNC
-    void invalidate() override;
+    void scheduleFrame() override;
 
-    // sends REFRESH message at next VSYNC
-    void refresh() override;
-
-    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> nextExpectedInvalidate() override;
+    std::optional<Clock::time_point> getScheduledFrameTime() const override;
 };
 
 } // namespace impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
index 0ee9fb3..71d5631 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
@@ -21,40 +21,43 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
-#include "RefreshRateConfigs.h"
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
+
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
 #include "../SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
+#include "RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "RefreshRateConfigs"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 namespace {
+
 std::string formatLayerInfo(const RefreshRateConfigs::LayerRequirement& layer, float weight) {
     return base::StringPrintf("%s (type=%s, weight=%.2f seamlessness=%s) %s", layer.name.c_str(),
-                              RefreshRateConfigs::layerVoteTypeString(layer.vote).c_str(), weight,
-                              toString(layer.seamlessness).c_str(),
+                              ftl::enum_string(layer.vote).c_str(), weight,
+                              ftl::enum_string(layer.seamlessness).c_str(),
                               to_string(layer.desiredRefreshRate).c_str());
 }
 
 std::vector<Fps> constructKnownFrameRates(const DisplayModes& modes) {
-    std::vector<Fps> knownFrameRates = {Fps(24.0f), Fps(30.0f), Fps(45.0f), Fps(60.0f), Fps(72.0f)};
+    std::vector<Fps> knownFrameRates = {24_Hz, 30_Hz, 45_Hz, 60_Hz, 72_Hz};
     knownFrameRates.reserve(knownFrameRates.size() + modes.size());
 
-    // Add all supported refresh rates to the set
+    // Add all supported refresh rates.
     for (const auto& mode : modes) {
-        const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mode->getVsyncPeriod());
-        knownFrameRates.emplace_back(refreshRate);
+        knownFrameRates.push_back(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(mode->getVsyncPeriod()));
     }
 
-    // Sort and remove duplicates
-    std::sort(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end(), Fps::comparesLess);
+    // Sort and remove duplicates.
+    std::sort(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end(), isStrictlyLess);
     knownFrameRates.erase(std::unique(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end(),
-                                      Fps::EqualsWithMargin()),
+                                      isApproxEqual),
                           knownFrameRates.end());
     return knownFrameRates;
 }
@@ -64,31 +67,17 @@
 using AllRefreshRatesMapType = RefreshRateConfigs::AllRefreshRatesMapType;
 using RefreshRate = RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate;
 
+bool RefreshRate::inPolicy(Fps minRefreshRate, Fps maxRefreshRate) const {
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator<=;
+    return minRefreshRate <= getFps() && getFps() <= maxRefreshRate;
+}
+
 std::string RefreshRate::toString() const {
     return base::StringPrintf("{id=%d, hwcId=%d, fps=%.2f, width=%d, height=%d group=%d}",
                               getModeId().value(), mode->getHwcId(), getFps().getValue(),
                               mode->getWidth(), mode->getHeight(), getModeGroup());
 }
 
-std::string RefreshRateConfigs::layerVoteTypeString(LayerVoteType vote) {
-    switch (vote) {
-        case LayerVoteType::NoVote:
-            return "NoVote";
-        case LayerVoteType::Min:
-            return "Min";
-        case LayerVoteType::Max:
-            return "Max";
-        case LayerVoteType::Heuristic:
-            return "Heuristic";
-        case LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault:
-            return "ExplicitDefault";
-        case LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple:
-            return "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-        case LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact:
-            return "ExplicitExact";
-    }
-}
-
 std::string RefreshRateConfigs::Policy::toString() const {
     return base::StringPrintf("default mode ID: %d, allowGroupSwitching = %d"
                               ", primary range: %s, app request range: %s",
@@ -110,14 +99,14 @@
 
 bool RefreshRateConfigs::isVoteAllowed(const LayerRequirement& layer,
                                        const RefreshRate& refreshRate) const {
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+
     switch (layer.vote) {
         case LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple:
         case LayerVoteType::Heuristic:
             if (mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold != 0 &&
-                refreshRate.getFps().greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(
-                        Fps(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold)) &&
-                layer.desiredRefreshRate.lessThanWithMargin(
-                        Fps(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold / 2))) {
+                refreshRate.getFps() >= Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold) &&
+                layer.desiredRefreshRate < Fps::fromValue(mConfig.frameRateMultipleThreshold / 2)) {
                 // Don't vote high refresh rates past the threshold for layers with a low desired
                 // refresh rate. For example, desired 24 fps with 120 Hz threshold means no vote for
                 // 120 Hz, but desired 60 fps should have a vote.
@@ -134,6 +123,68 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+float RefreshRateConfigs::calculateNonExactMatchingLayerScoreLocked(
+        const LayerRequirement& layer, const RefreshRate& refreshRate) const {
+    constexpr float kScoreForFractionalPairs = .8f;
+
+    const auto displayPeriod = refreshRate.getVsyncPeriod();
+    const auto layerPeriod = layer.desiredRefreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
+    if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault) {
+        // Find the actual rate the layer will render, assuming
+        // that layerPeriod is the minimal period to render a frame.
+        // For example if layerPeriod is 20ms and displayPeriod is 16ms,
+        // then the actualLayerPeriod will be 32ms, because it is the
+        // smallest multiple of the display period which is >= layerPeriod.
+        auto actualLayerPeriod = displayPeriod;
+        int multiplier = 1;
+        while (layerPeriod > actualLayerPeriod + MARGIN_FOR_PERIOD_CALCULATION) {
+            multiplier++;
+            actualLayerPeriod = displayPeriod * multiplier;
+        }
+
+        // Because of the threshold we used above it's possible that score is slightly
+        // above 1.
+        return std::min(1.0f,
+                        static_cast<float>(layerPeriod) / static_cast<float>(actualLayerPeriod));
+    }
+
+    if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple ||
+        layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
+        if (isFractionalPairOrMultiple(refreshRate.getFps(), layer.desiredRefreshRate)) {
+            return kScoreForFractionalPairs;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate how many display vsyncs we need to present a single frame for this
+        // layer
+        const auto [displayFramesQuotient, displayFramesRemainder] =
+                getDisplayFrames(layerPeriod, displayPeriod);
+        static constexpr size_t MAX_FRAMES_TO_FIT = 10; // Stop calculating when score < 0.1
+        if (displayFramesRemainder == 0) {
+            // Layer desired refresh rate matches the display rate.
+            return 1.0f;
+        }
+
+        if (displayFramesQuotient == 0) {
+            // Layer desired refresh rate is higher than the display rate.
+            return (static_cast<float>(layerPeriod) / static_cast<float>(displayPeriod)) *
+                    (1.0f / (MAX_FRAMES_TO_FIT + 1));
+        }
+
+        // Layer desired refresh rate is lower than the display rate. Check how well it fits
+        // the cadence.
+        auto diff = std::abs(displayFramesRemainder - (displayPeriod - displayFramesRemainder));
+        int iter = 2;
+        while (diff > MARGIN_FOR_PERIOD_CALCULATION && iter < MAX_FRAMES_TO_FIT) {
+            diff = diff - (displayPeriod - diff);
+            iter++;
+        }
+
+        return (1.0f / iter);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 float RefreshRateConfigs::calculateLayerScoreLocked(const LayerRequirement& layer,
                                                     const RefreshRate& refreshRate,
                                                     bool isSeamlessSwitch) const {
@@ -153,51 +204,6 @@
         return ratio * ratio;
     }
 
-    const auto displayPeriod = refreshRate.getVsyncPeriod();
-    const auto layerPeriod = layer.desiredRefreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
-    if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault) {
-        // Find the actual rate the layer will render, assuming
-        // that layerPeriod is the minimal time to render a frame
-        auto actualLayerPeriod = displayPeriod;
-        int multiplier = 1;
-        while (layerPeriod > actualLayerPeriod + MARGIN_FOR_PERIOD_CALCULATION) {
-            multiplier++;
-            actualLayerPeriod = displayPeriod * multiplier;
-        }
-        return std::min(1.0f,
-                        static_cast<float>(layerPeriod) / static_cast<float>(actualLayerPeriod));
-    }
-
-    if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple ||
-        layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
-        // Calculate how many display vsyncs we need to present a single frame for this
-        // layer
-        const auto [displayFramesQuotient, displayFramesRemainder] =
-                getDisplayFrames(layerPeriod, displayPeriod);
-        static constexpr size_t MAX_FRAMES_TO_FIT = 10; // Stop calculating when score < 0.1
-        if (displayFramesRemainder == 0) {
-            // Layer desired refresh rate matches the display rate.
-            return 1.0f * seamlessness;
-        }
-
-        if (displayFramesQuotient == 0) {
-            // Layer desired refresh rate is higher than the display rate.
-            return (static_cast<float>(layerPeriod) / static_cast<float>(displayPeriod)) *
-                    (1.0f / (MAX_FRAMES_TO_FIT + 1));
-        }
-
-        // Layer desired refresh rate is lower than the display rate. Check how well it fits
-        // the cadence.
-        auto diff = std::abs(displayFramesRemainder - (displayPeriod - displayFramesRemainder));
-        int iter = 2;
-        while (diff > MARGIN_FOR_PERIOD_CALCULATION && iter < MAX_FRAMES_TO_FIT) {
-            diff = diff - (displayPeriod - diff);
-            iter++;
-        }
-
-        return (1.0f / iter) * seamlessness;
-    }
-
     if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact) {
         const int divider = getFrameRateDivider(refreshRate.getFps(), layer.desiredRefreshRate);
         if (mSupportsFrameRateOverride) {
@@ -210,7 +216,18 @@
         return divider == 1;
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    // If the layer frame rate is a divider of the refresh rate it should score
+    // the highest score.
+    if (getFrameRateDivider(refreshRate.getFps(), layer.desiredRefreshRate) > 0) {
+        return 1.0f * seamlessness;
+    }
+
+    // The layer frame rate is not a divider of the refresh rate,
+    // there is a small penalty attached to the score to favor the frame rates
+    // the exactly matches the display refresh rate or a multiple.
+    constexpr float kNonExactMatchingPenalty = 0.99f;
+    return calculateNonExactMatchingLayerScoreLocked(layer, refreshRate) * seamlessness *
+            kNonExactMatchingPenalty;
 }
 
 struct RefreshRateScore {
@@ -219,7 +236,7 @@
 };
 
 RefreshRate RefreshRateConfigs::getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                   const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+                                                   GlobalSignals globalSignals,
                                                    GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
@@ -241,7 +258,7 @@
 }
 
 std::optional<RefreshRate> RefreshRateConfigs::getCachedBestRefreshRate(
-        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, GlobalSignals globalSignals,
         GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const {
     const bool sameAsLastCall = lastBestRefreshRateInvocation &&
             lastBestRefreshRateInvocation->layerRequirements == layers &&
@@ -258,7 +275,7 @@
 }
 
 RefreshRate RefreshRateConfigs::getBestRefreshRateLocked(
-        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, GlobalSignals globalSignals,
         GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGV("getBestRefreshRate %zu layers", layers.size());
@@ -319,20 +336,30 @@
     const bool hasExplicitVoteLayers = explicitDefaultVoteLayers > 0 ||
             explicitExactOrMultipleVoteLayers > 0 || explicitExact > 0;
 
+    const Policy* policy = getCurrentPolicyLocked();
+    const auto& defaultMode = mRefreshRates.at(policy->defaultMode);
+    // If the default mode group is different from the group of current mode,
+    // this means a layer requesting a seamed mode switch just disappeared and
+    // we should switch back to the default group.
+    // However if a seamed layer is still present we anchor around the group
+    // of the current mode, in order to prevent unnecessary seamed mode switches
+    // (e.g. when pausing a video playback).
+    const auto anchorGroup = seamedFocusedLayers > 0 ? mCurrentRefreshRate->getModeGroup()
+                                                     : defaultMode->getModeGroup();
+
     // Consider the touch event if there are no Explicit* layers. Otherwise wait until after we've
     // selected a refresh rate to see if we should apply touch boost.
     if (globalSignals.touch && !hasExplicitVoteLayers) {
         ALOGV("TouchBoost - choose %s", getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked().getName().c_str());
         setTouchConsidered();
-        return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
+        return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(anchorGroup);
     }
 
     // If the primary range consists of a single refresh rate then we can only
     // move out the of range if layers explicitly request a different refresh
     // rate.
-    const Policy* policy = getCurrentPolicyLocked();
     const bool primaryRangeIsSingleRate =
-            policy->primaryRange.min.equalsWithMargin(policy->primaryRange.max);
+            isApproxEqual(policy->primaryRange.min, policy->primaryRange.max);
 
     if (!globalSignals.touch && globalSignals.idle &&
         !(primaryRangeIsSingleRate && hasExplicitVoteLayers)) {
@@ -342,7 +369,9 @@
     }
 
     if (layers.empty() || noVoteLayers == layers.size()) {
-        return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
+        const auto& refreshRate = getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(anchorGroup);
+        ALOGV("no layers with votes - choose %s", refreshRate.getName().c_str());
+        return refreshRate;
     }
 
     // Only if all layers want Min we should return Min
@@ -359,11 +388,9 @@
         scores.emplace_back(RefreshRateScore{refreshRate, 0.0f});
     }
 
-    const auto& defaultMode = mRefreshRates.at(policy->defaultMode);
-
     for (const auto& layer : layers) {
         ALOGV("Calculating score for %s (%s, weight %.2f, desired %.2f) ", layer.name.c_str(),
-              layerVoteTypeString(layer.vote).c_str(), layer.weight,
+              ftl::enum_string(layer.vote).c_str(), layer.weight,
               layer.desiredRefreshRate.getValue());
         if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::NoVote || layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Min) {
             continue;
@@ -398,10 +425,7 @@
             // mode group otherwise. In second case, if the current mode group is different
             // from the default, this means a layer with seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless has just
             // disappeared.
-            const bool isInPolicyForDefault = seamedFocusedLayers > 0
-                    ? scores[i].refreshRate->getModeGroup() == mCurrentRefreshRate->getModeGroup()
-                    : scores[i].refreshRate->getModeGroup() == defaultMode->getModeGroup();
-
+            const bool isInPolicyForDefault = scores[i].refreshRate->getModeGroup() == anchorGroup;
             if (layer.seamlessness == Seamlessness::Default && !isInPolicyForDefault) {
                 ALOGV("%s ignores %s. Current mode = %s", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
                       scores[i].refreshRate->toString().c_str(),
@@ -422,7 +446,7 @@
 
             const auto layerScore =
                     calculateLayerScoreLocked(layer, *scores[i].refreshRate, isSeamlessSwitch);
-            ALOGV("%s gives %s score of %.2f", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
+            ALOGV("%s gives %s score of %.4f", formatLayerInfo(layer, weight).c_str(),
                   scores[i].refreshRate->getName().c_str(), layerScore);
             scores[i].score += weight * layerScore;
         }
@@ -440,9 +464,9 @@
         // range instead of picking a random score from the app range.
         if (std::all_of(scores.begin(), scores.end(),
                         [](RefreshRateScore score) { return score.score == 0; })) {
-            ALOGV("layers not scored - choose %s",
-                  getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked().getName().c_str());
-            return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
+            const auto& refreshRate = getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(anchorGroup);
+            ALOGV("layers not scored - choose %s", refreshRate.getName().c_str());
+            return refreshRate;
         } else {
             return *bestRefreshRate;
         }
@@ -452,7 +476,7 @@
     // interactive (as opposed to ExplicitExactOrMultiple) and therefore if those posted an explicit
     // vote we should not change it if we get a touch event. Only apply touch boost if it will
     // actually increase the refresh rate over the normal selection.
-    const RefreshRate& touchRefreshRate = getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
+    const RefreshRate& touchRefreshRate = getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(anchorGroup);
 
     const bool touchBoostForExplicitExact = [&] {
         if (mSupportsFrameRateOverride) {
@@ -463,8 +487,11 @@
             return explicitExact == 0;
         }
     }();
+
+    using fps_approx_ops::operator<;
+
     if (globalSignals.touch && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 && touchBoostForExplicitExact &&
-        bestRefreshRate->getFps().lessThanWithMargin(touchRefreshRate.getFps())) {
+        bestRefreshRate->getFps() < touchRefreshRate.getFps()) {
         setTouchConsidered();
         ALOGV("TouchBoost - choose %s", touchRefreshRate.getName().c_str());
         return touchRefreshRate;
@@ -517,7 +544,8 @@
 }
 
 RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateOverrides(
-        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, Fps displayFrameRate, bool touch) const {
+        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, Fps displayFrameRate,
+        GlobalSignals globalSignals) const {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (!mSupportsFrameRateOverride) return {};
 
@@ -535,7 +563,7 @@
                                 return layer->vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
                             });
 
-        if (touch && hasExplicitExactOrMultiple) {
+        if (globalSignals.touch && hasExplicitExactOrMultiple) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -583,7 +611,7 @@
 
 template <typename Iter>
 const RefreshRate* RefreshRateConfigs::getBestRefreshRate(Iter begin, Iter end) const {
-    constexpr auto EPSILON = 0.001f;
+    constexpr auto kEpsilon = 0.0001f;
     const RefreshRate* bestRefreshRate = begin->refreshRate;
     float max = begin->score;
     for (auto i = begin; i != end; ++i) {
@@ -592,7 +620,7 @@
 
         ATRACE_INT(refreshRate->getName().c_str(), round<int>(score * 100));
 
-        if (score > max * (1 + EPSILON)) {
+        if (score > max * (1 + kEpsilon)) {
             max = score;
             bestRefreshRate = refreshRate;
         }
@@ -635,10 +663,10 @@
     return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
 }
 
-const RefreshRate& RefreshRateConfigs::getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked() const {
+const RefreshRate& RefreshRateConfigs::getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(int anchorGroup) const {
     for (auto it = mPrimaryRefreshRates.rbegin(); it != mPrimaryRefreshRates.rend(); it++) {
         const auto& refreshRate = (**it);
-        if (mCurrentRefreshRate->getModeGroup() == refreshRate.getModeGroup()) {
+        if (anchorGroup == refreshRate.getModeGroup()) {
             return refreshRate;
         }
     }
@@ -762,8 +790,10 @@
         ALOGE("Default mode is not in the primary range.");
         return false;
     }
-    return policy.appRequestRange.min.lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(policy.primaryRange.min) &&
-            policy.appRequestRange.max.greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(policy.primaryRange.max);
+
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+    return policy.appRequestRange.min <= policy.primaryRange.min &&
+            policy.appRequestRange.max >= policy.primaryRange.max;
 }
 
 status_t RefreshRateConfigs::setDisplayManagerPolicy(const Policy& policy) {
@@ -889,19 +919,21 @@
 }
 
 Fps RefreshRateConfigs::findClosestKnownFrameRate(Fps frameRate) const {
-    if (frameRate.lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(*mKnownFrameRates.begin())) {
-        return *mKnownFrameRates.begin();
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+
+    if (frameRate <= mKnownFrameRates.front()) {
+        return mKnownFrameRates.front();
     }
 
-    if (frameRate.greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(*std::prev(mKnownFrameRates.end()))) {
-        return *std::prev(mKnownFrameRates.end());
+    if (frameRate >= mKnownFrameRates.back()) {
+        return mKnownFrameRates.back();
     }
 
     auto lowerBound = std::lower_bound(mKnownFrameRates.begin(), mKnownFrameRates.end(), frameRate,
-                                       Fps::comparesLess);
+                                       isStrictlyLess);
 
-    const auto distance1 = std::abs((frameRate.getValue() - lowerBound->getValue()));
-    const auto distance2 = std::abs((frameRate.getValue() - std::prev(lowerBound)->getValue()));
+    const auto distance1 = std::abs(frameRate.getValue() - lowerBound->getValue());
+    const auto distance2 = std::abs(frameRate.getValue() - std::prev(lowerBound)->getValue());
     return distance1 < distance2 ? *lowerBound : *std::prev(lowerBound);
 }
 
@@ -920,7 +952,7 @@
     }
     if (minByPolicy == maxByPolicy) {
         // when min primary range in display manager policy is below device min turn on the timer.
-        if (currentPolicy->primaryRange.min.lessThanWithMargin(deviceMin.getFps())) {
+        if (isApproxLess(currentPolicy->primaryRange.min, deviceMin.getFps())) {
             return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn;
         }
         return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff;
@@ -945,6 +977,17 @@
     return static_cast<int>(numPeriodsRounded);
 }
 
+bool RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps smaller, Fps bigger) {
+    if (isStrictlyLess(bigger, smaller)) {
+        return isFractionalPairOrMultiple(bigger, smaller);
+    }
+
+    const auto multiplier = std::round(bigger.getValue() / smaller.getValue());
+    constexpr float kCoef = 1000.f / 1001.f;
+    return isApproxEqual(bigger, Fps::fromValue(smaller.getValue() * multiplier / kCoef)) ||
+            isApproxEqual(bigger, Fps::fromValue(smaller.getValue() * multiplier * kCoef));
+}
+
 void RefreshRateConfigs::dump(std::string& result) const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
     base::StringAppendF(&result, "DesiredDisplayModeSpecs (DisplayManager): %s\n\n",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
index 21867cc..4bbdab6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
@@ -16,31 +16,32 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
-
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <numeric>
 #include <optional>
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <gui/DisplayEventReceiver.h>
+
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+#include <scheduler/Seamlessness.h>
+
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h"
-#include "Fps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/OneShotTimer.h"
 #include "Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h"
-#include "Scheduler/Seamlessness.h"
 #include "Scheduler/StrongTyping.h"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-enum class RefreshRateConfigEvent : unsigned { None = 0b0, Changed = 0b1 };
+enum class DisplayModeEvent : unsigned { None = 0b0, Changed = 0b1 };
 
-inline RefreshRateConfigEvent operator|(RefreshRateConfigEvent lhs, RefreshRateConfigEvent rhs) {
-    using T = std::underlying_type_t<RefreshRateConfigEvent>;
-    return static_cast<RefreshRateConfigEvent>(static_cast<T>(lhs) | static_cast<T>(rhs));
+inline DisplayModeEvent operator|(DisplayModeEvent lhs, DisplayModeEvent rhs) {
+    using T = std::underlying_type_t<DisplayModeEvent>;
+    return static_cast<DisplayModeEvent>(static_cast<T>(lhs) | static_cast<T>(rhs));
 }
 
 using FrameRateOverride = DisplayEventReceiver::Event::FrameRateOverride;
@@ -76,19 +77,15 @@
 
         // Checks whether the fps of this RefreshRate struct is within a given min and max refresh
         // rate passed in. Margin of error is applied to the boundaries for approximation.
-        bool inPolicy(Fps minRefreshRate, Fps maxRefreshRate) const {
-            return minRefreshRate.lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(getFps()) &&
-                    getFps().lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(maxRefreshRate);
-        }
+        bool inPolicy(Fps minRefreshRate, Fps maxRefreshRate) const;
 
-        bool operator!=(const RefreshRate& other) const { return mode != other.mode; }
+        bool operator==(const RefreshRate& other) const { return mode == other.mode; }
+        bool operator!=(const RefreshRate& other) const { return !operator==(other); }
 
         bool operator<(const RefreshRate& other) const {
-            return getFps().getValue() < other.getFps().getValue();
+            return isStrictlyLess(getFps(), other.getFps());
         }
 
-        bool operator==(const RefreshRate& other) const { return !(*this != other); }
-
         std::string toString() const;
         friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const RefreshRate& refreshRate) {
             return os << refreshRate.toString();
@@ -105,11 +102,11 @@
             std::unordered_map<DisplayModeId, std::unique_ptr<const RefreshRate>>;
 
     struct FpsRange {
-        Fps min{0.0f};
-        Fps max{std::numeric_limits<float>::max()};
+        Fps min = Fps::fromValue(0.f);
+        Fps max = Fps::fromValue(std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
 
         bool operator==(const FpsRange& other) const {
-            return min.equalsWithMargin(other.min) && max.equalsWithMargin(other.max);
+            return isApproxEqual(min, other.min) && isApproxEqual(max, other.max);
         }
 
         bool operator!=(const FpsRange& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
@@ -209,6 +206,7 @@
         ExplicitExact,           // Specific refresh rate that was provided by the app with
                                  // Exact compatibility
 
+        ftl_last = ExplicitExact
     };
 
     // Captures the layer requirements for a refresh rate. This will be used to determine the
@@ -221,7 +219,7 @@
         // Layer vote type.
         LayerVoteType vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
         // Layer's desired refresh rate, if applicable.
-        Fps desiredRefreshRate{0.0f};
+        Fps desiredRefreshRate;
         // If a seamless mode switch is required.
         Seamlessness seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
         // Layer's weight in the range of [0, 1]. The higher the weight the more impact this layer
@@ -232,7 +230,7 @@
 
         bool operator==(const LayerRequirement& other) const {
             return name == other.name && vote == other.vote &&
-                    desiredRefreshRate.equalsWithMargin(other.desiredRefreshRate) &&
+                    isApproxEqual(desiredRefreshRate, other.desiredRefreshRate) &&
                     seamlessness == other.seamlessness && weight == other.weight &&
                     focused == other.focused;
         }
@@ -247,18 +245,14 @@
         // True if the system hasn't seen any buffers posted to layers recently.
         bool idle = false;
 
-        bool operator==(const GlobalSignals& other) const {
+        bool operator==(GlobalSignals other) const {
             return touch == other.touch && idle == other.idle;
         }
     };
 
-    // Returns the refresh rate that fits best to the given layers.
-    //   layers - The layer requirements to consider.
-    //   globalSignals - global state of touch and idle
-    //   outSignalsConsidered - An output param that tells the caller whether the refresh rate was
-    //                          chosen based on touch boost and/or idle timer.
-    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                   const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+    // Returns the refresh rate that best fits the given layers. outSignalsConsidered returns
+    // whether the refresh rate was chosen based on touch boost and/or idle timer.
+    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&, GlobalSignals,
                                    GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered = nullptr) const
             EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
@@ -292,9 +286,6 @@
     // Stores the current modeId the device operates at
     void setCurrentModeId(DisplayModeId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
-    // Returns a string that represents the layer vote type
-    static std::string layerVoteTypeString(LayerVoteType vote);
-
     // Returns a known frame rate that is the closest to frameRate
     Fps findClosestKnownFrameRate(Fps frameRate) const;
 
@@ -344,14 +335,15 @@
     // layer refresh rate.
     static int getFrameRateDivider(Fps displayFrameRate, Fps layerFrameRate);
 
+    // Returns if the provided frame rates have a ratio t*1000/1001 or t*1001/1000
+    // for an integer t.
+    static bool isFractionalPairOrMultiple(Fps, Fps);
+
     using UidToFrameRateOverride = std::map<uid_t, Fps>;
+
     // Returns the frame rate override for each uid.
-    //
-    // @param layers list of visible layers
-    // @param displayFrameRate the display frame rate
-    // @param touch whether touch timer is active (i.e. user touched the screen recently)
-    UidToFrameRateOverride getFrameRateOverrides(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                 Fps displayFrameRate, bool touch) const
+    UidToFrameRateOverride getFrameRateOverrides(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&,
+                                                 Fps displayFrameRate, GlobalSignals) const
             EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     bool supportsKernelIdleTimer() const { return mConfig.supportKernelIdleTimer; }
@@ -404,13 +396,12 @@
             const std::function<bool(const RefreshRate&)>& shouldAddRefreshRate,
             std::vector<const RefreshRate*>* outRefreshRates) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    std::optional<RefreshRate> getCachedBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                                        const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+    std::optional<RefreshRate> getCachedBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&,
+                                                        GlobalSignals,
                                                         GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRateLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                         const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+    RefreshRate getBestRefreshRateLocked(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>&, GlobalSignals,
                                          GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Returns the refresh rate with the highest score in the collection specified from begin
@@ -429,7 +420,11 @@
 
     // Returns the highest refresh rate according to the current policy. May change at runtime. Only
     // uses the primary range, not the app request range.
-    const RefreshRate& getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    const RefreshRate& getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked() const REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(mCurrentRefreshRate->getModeGroup());
+    }
+
+    const RefreshRate& getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked(int anchorGroup) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Returns the current refresh rate, if allowed. Otherwise the default that is allowed by
     // the policy.
@@ -446,6 +441,9 @@
     float calculateLayerScoreLocked(const LayerRequirement&, const RefreshRate&,
                                     bool isSeamlessSwitch) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
+    float calculateNonExactMatchingLayerScoreLocked(const LayerRequirement&,
+                                                    const RefreshRate&) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+
     void updateDisplayModes(const DisplayModes& mode, DisplayModeId currentModeId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     void initializeIdleTimer();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
index 208a767..23ebb06 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
@@ -16,15 +16,18 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <numeric>
 
-#include "Fps.h"
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ftl/small_map.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
 #include "Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h"
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 
-#include "android-base/stringprintf.h"
-#include "utils/Timers.h"
-
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 /**
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@
     static constexpr int64_t MS_PER_DAY = 24 * MS_PER_HOUR;
 
 public:
+    // TODO(b/185535769): Inject clock to avoid sleeping in tests.
     RefreshRateStats(TimeStats& timeStats, Fps currentRefreshRate,
                      android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode currentPowerMode)
           : mTimeStats(timeStats),
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@
     // Sets config mode. If the mode has changed, it records how much time was spent in the previous
     // mode.
     void setRefreshRate(Fps currRefreshRate) {
-        if (mCurrentRefreshRate.equalsWithMargin(currRefreshRate)) {
+        if (isApproxEqual(mCurrentRefreshRate, currRefreshRate)) {
             return;
         }
         mTimeStats.incrementRefreshRateSwitches();
@@ -66,25 +70,26 @@
         mCurrentRefreshRate = currRefreshRate;
     }
 
-    // Returns a map between human readable refresh rate and number of seconds the device spent in
-    // that mode.
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> getTotalTimes() {
+    // Maps stringified refresh rate to total time spent in that mode.
+    using TotalTimes = ftl::SmallMap<std::string, std::chrono::milliseconds, 3>;
+
+    TotalTimes getTotalTimes() {
         // If the power mode is on, then we are probably switching between the config modes. If
         // it's not then the screen is probably off. Make sure to flush times before printing
         // them.
         flushTime();
 
-        std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> totalTime;
-        // Multiple configs may map to the same name, e.g. "60fps". Add the
-        // times for such configs together.
-        for (const auto& [configId, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
-            totalTime[to_string(configId)] = 0;
+        TotalTimes totalTimes = ftl::init::map("ScreenOff", mScreenOffTime);
+        const auto zero = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
+
+        // Sum the times for modes that map to the same name, e.g. "60 Hz".
+        for (const auto& [fps, time] : mFpsTotalTimes) {
+            const auto string = to_string(fps);
+            const auto total = std::as_const(totalTimes).get(string).value_or(std::cref(zero));
+            totalTimes.emplace_or_replace(string, total.get() + time);
         }
-        for (const auto& [configId, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
-            totalTime[to_string(configId)] += time;
-        }
-        totalTime["ScreenOff"] = mScreenOffTime;
-        return totalTime;
+
+        return totalTimes;
     }
 
     // Traverses through the map of config modes and returns how long they've been running in easy
@@ -102,28 +107,32 @@
     // Calculates the time that passed in ms between the last time we recorded time and the time
     // this method was called.
     void flushTime() {
-        nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime();
-        nsecs_t timeElapsed = currentTime - mPreviousRecordedTime;
-        int64_t timeElapsedMs = ns2ms(timeElapsed);
+        const nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime();
+        const nsecs_t timeElapsed = currentTime - mPreviousRecordedTime;
         mPreviousRecordedTime = currentTime;
 
+        const auto duration = std::chrono::milliseconds{ns2ms(timeElapsed)};
+        const auto zero = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
+
         uint32_t fps = 0;
+
         if (mCurrentPowerMode == android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode::ON) {
             // Normal power mode is counted under different config modes.
-            if (mConfigModesTotalTime.find(mCurrentRefreshRate) == mConfigModesTotalTime.end()) {
-                mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentRefreshRate] = 0;
-            }
-            mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentRefreshRate] += timeElapsedMs;
+            const auto total = std::as_const(mFpsTotalTimes)
+                                       .get(mCurrentRefreshRate)
+                                       .value_or(std::cref(zero));
+            mFpsTotalTimes.emplace_or_replace(mCurrentRefreshRate, total.get() + duration);
+
             fps = static_cast<uint32_t>(mCurrentRefreshRate.getIntValue());
         } else {
-            mScreenOffTime += timeElapsedMs;
+            mScreenOffTime += duration;
         }
         mTimeStats.recordRefreshRate(fps, timeElapsed);
     }
 
     // Formats the time in milliseconds into easy to read format.
-    static std::string getDateFormatFromMs(int64_t timeMs) {
-        auto [days, dayRemainderMs] = std::div(timeMs, MS_PER_DAY);
+    static std::string getDateFormatFromMs(std::chrono::milliseconds time) {
+        auto [days, dayRemainderMs] = std::div(static_cast<int64_t>(time.count()), MS_PER_DAY);
         auto [hours, hourRemainderMs] = std::div(dayRemainderMs, MS_PER_HOUR);
         auto [mins, minsRemainderMs] = std::div(hourRemainderMs, MS_PER_MIN);
         auto [sec, secRemainderMs] = std::div(minsRemainderMs, MS_PER_S);
@@ -138,9 +147,8 @@
     Fps mCurrentRefreshRate;
     android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal::PowerMode mCurrentPowerMode;
 
-    std::unordered_map<Fps, int64_t /* duration in ms */, std::hash<Fps>, Fps::EqualsInBuckets>
-            mConfigModesTotalTime;
-    int64_t mScreenOffTime = 0;
+    ftl::SmallMap<Fps, std::chrono::milliseconds, 2, FpsApproxEqual> mFpsTotalTimes;
+    std::chrono::milliseconds mScreenOffTime = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
 
     nsecs_t mPreviousRecordedTime = systemTime();
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 1989d57..cbe4552 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -46,11 +46,8 @@
 #include "OneShotTimer.h"
 #include "SchedulerUtils.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerProperties.h"
-#include "Timer.h"
-#include "VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h"
 #include "VSyncPredictor.h"
 #include "VSyncReactor.h"
-#include "VsyncController.h"
 
 #define RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle, ...)                        \
     do {                                                             \
@@ -60,74 +57,14 @@
         }                                                            \
     } while (false)
 
-using namespace std::string_literals;
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
-namespace android {
+Scheduler::Scheduler(ICompositor& compositor, ISchedulerCallback& callback, FeatureFlags features)
+      : impl::MessageQueue(compositor), mFeatures(features), mSchedulerCallback(callback) {}
 
-using gui::WindowInfo;
-
-namespace {
-
-std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> createVSyncTracker() {
-    // TODO(b/144707443): Tune constants.
-    constexpr int kDefaultRate = 60;
-    constexpr auto initialPeriod = std::chrono::duration<nsecs_t, std::ratio<1, kDefaultRate>>(1);
-    constexpr nsecs_t idealPeriod =
-            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(initialPeriod).count();
-    constexpr size_t vsyncTimestampHistorySize = 20;
-    constexpr size_t minimumSamplesForPrediction = 6;
-    constexpr uint32_t discardOutlierPercent = 20;
-    return std::make_unique<scheduler::VSyncPredictor>(idealPeriod, vsyncTimestampHistorySize,
-                                                       minimumSamplesForPrediction,
-                                                       discardOutlierPercent);
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncDispatch> createVSyncDispatch(scheduler::VSyncTracker& tracker) {
-    // TODO(b/144707443): Tune constants.
-    constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncMoveThreshold = 3ms;
-    constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds timerSlack = 500us;
-    return std::make_unique<
-            scheduler::VSyncDispatchTimerQueue>(std::make_unique<scheduler::Timer>(), tracker,
-                                                timerSlack.count(), vsyncMoveThreshold.count());
-}
-
-const char* toContentDetectionString(bool useContentDetection) {
-    return useContentDetection ? "on" : "off";
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
-class PredictedVsyncTracer {
-public:
-    PredictedVsyncTracer(scheduler::VSyncDispatch& dispatch)
-          : mRegistration(dispatch, std::bind(&PredictedVsyncTracer::callback, this),
-                          "PredictedVsyncTracer") {
-        scheduleRegistration();
-    }
-
-private:
-    TracedOrdinal<bool> mParity = {"VSYNC-predicted", 0};
-    scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration mRegistration;
-
-    void scheduleRegistration() { mRegistration.schedule({0, 0, 0}); }
-
-    void callback() {
-        mParity = !mParity;
-        scheduleRegistration();
-    }
-};
-
-Scheduler::Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& configs,
-                     ISchedulerCallback& callback)
-      : Scheduler(configs, callback,
-                  {.useContentDetection = sysprop::use_content_detection_for_refresh_rate(false)}) {
-}
-
-Scheduler::Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& configs,
-                     ISchedulerCallback& callback, Options options)
-      : Scheduler(createVsyncSchedule(configs->supportsKernelIdleTimer()), configs, callback,
-                  createLayerHistory(), options) {
+void Scheduler::startTimers() {
     using namespace sysprop;
+    using namespace std::string_literals;
 
     if (const int64_t millis = set_touch_timer_ms(0); millis > 0) {
         // Touch events are coming to SF every 100ms, so the timer needs to be higher than that
@@ -147,22 +84,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-Scheduler::Scheduler(VsyncSchedule schedule,
-                     const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& configs,
-                     ISchedulerCallback& schedulerCallback,
-                     std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> layerHistory, Options options)
-      : mOptions(options),
-        mVsyncSchedule(std::move(schedule)),
-        mLayerHistory(std::move(layerHistory)),
-        mSchedulerCallback(schedulerCallback),
-        mPredictedVsyncTracer(
-                base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.show_predicted_vsync", false)
-                        ? std::make_unique<PredictedVsyncTracer>(*mVsyncSchedule.dispatch)
-                        : nullptr) {
-    setRefreshRateConfigs(configs);
-    mSchedulerCallback.setVsyncEnabled(false);
-}
-
 Scheduler::~Scheduler() {
     // Ensure the OneShotTimer threads are joined before we start destroying state.
     mDisplayPowerTimer.reset();
@@ -170,27 +91,20 @@
     mRefreshRateConfigs.reset();
 }
 
-Scheduler::VsyncSchedule Scheduler::createVsyncSchedule(bool supportKernelTimer) {
-    auto clock = std::make_unique<scheduler::SystemClock>();
-    auto tracker = createVSyncTracker();
-    auto dispatch = createVSyncDispatch(*tracker);
-
-    // TODO(b/144707443): Tune constants.
-    constexpr size_t pendingFenceLimit = 20;
-    auto controller =
-            std::make_unique<scheduler::VSyncReactor>(std::move(clock), *tracker, pendingFenceLimit,
-                                                      supportKernelTimer);
-    return {std::move(controller), std::move(tracker), std::move(dispatch)};
+void Scheduler::run() {
+    while (true) {
+        waitMessage();
+    }
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> Scheduler::createLayerHistory() {
-    return std::make_unique<scheduler::LayerHistory>();
+void Scheduler::createVsyncSchedule(FeatureFlags features) {
+    mVsyncSchedule.emplace(features);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<VSyncSource> Scheduler::makePrimaryDispSyncSource(
         const char* name, std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
         std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration, bool traceVsync) {
-    return std::make_unique<scheduler::DispSyncSource>(*mVsyncSchedule.dispatch, workDuration,
+    return std::make_unique<scheduler::DispSyncSource>(getVsyncDispatch(), workDuration,
                                                        readyDuration, traceVsync, name);
 }
 
@@ -206,14 +120,14 @@
     {
         const auto iter = mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.find(uid);
         if (iter != mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.end()) {
-            return std::make_optional<Fps>(iter->second);
+            return iter->second;
         }
     }
 
     {
         const auto iter = mFrameRateOverridesByContent.find(uid);
         if (iter != mFrameRateOverridesByContent.end()) {
-            return std::make_optional<Fps>(iter->second);
+            return iter->second;
         }
     }
 
@@ -226,7 +140,7 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    return mVsyncSchedule.tracker->isVSyncInPhase(expectedVsyncTimestamp, *frameRate);
+    return mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().isVSyncInPhase(expectedVsyncTimestamp, *frameRate);
 }
 
 impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback Scheduler::makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const {
@@ -261,7 +175,7 @@
     };
 }
 
-Scheduler::ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createConnection(
+ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createConnection(
         const char* connectionName, frametimeline::TokenManager* tokenManager,
         std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration, std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration,
         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback interceptCallback) {
@@ -275,7 +189,7 @@
     return createConnection(std::move(eventThread));
 }
 
-Scheduler::ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread> eventThread) {
+ConnectionHandle Scheduler::createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread> eventThread) {
     const ConnectionHandle handle = ConnectionHandle{mNextConnectionHandleId++};
     ALOGV("Creating a connection handle with ID %" PRIuPTR, handle.id);
 
@@ -362,24 +276,24 @@
 
 void Scheduler::onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, DisplayModePtr mode) {
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
         // Cache the last reported modes for primary display.
-        mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams = {handle, mode};
+        mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams = {handle, mode};
 
         // Invalidate content based refresh rate selection so it could be calculated
         // again for the new refresh rate.
-        mFeatures.contentRequirements.clear();
+        mPolicy.contentRequirements.clear();
     }
     onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(handle, mode);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::dispatchCachedReportedMode() {
     // Check optional fields first.
-    if (!mFeatures.mode) {
+    if (!mPolicy.mode) {
         ALOGW("No mode ID found, not dispatching cached mode.");
         return;
     }
-    if (!mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams.has_value()) {
+    if (!mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams) {
         ALOGW("No mode changed params found, not dispatching cached mode.");
         return;
     }
@@ -388,18 +302,18 @@
     // mode change is in progress. In that case we shouldn't dispatch an event
     // as it will be dispatched when the current mode changes.
     if (std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
-        mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getMode() != mFeatures.mode) {
+        mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getMode() != mPolicy.mode) {
         return;
     }
 
     // If there is no change from cached mode, there is no need to dispatch an event
-    if (mFeatures.mode == mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams->mode) {
+    if (mPolicy.mode == mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode) {
         return;
     }
 
-    mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams->mode = mFeatures.mode;
-    onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams->handle,
-                                   mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams->mode);
+    mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode = mPolicy.mode;
+    onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->handle,
+                                   mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams->mode);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, DisplayModePtr mode) {
@@ -440,12 +354,12 @@
 }
 
 DisplayStatInfo Scheduler::getDisplayStatInfo(nsecs_t now) {
-    const auto vsyncTime = mVsyncSchedule.tracker->nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(now);
-    const auto vsyncPeriod = mVsyncSchedule.tracker->currentPeriod();
+    const auto vsyncTime = mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(now);
+    const auto vsyncPeriod = mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().currentPeriod();
     return DisplayStatInfo{.vsyncTime = vsyncTime, .vsyncPeriod = vsyncPeriod};
 }
 
-Scheduler::ConnectionHandle Scheduler::enableVSyncInjection(bool enable) {
+ConnectionHandle Scheduler::enableVSyncInjection(bool enable) {
     if (mInjectVSyncs == enable) {
         return {};
     }
@@ -486,7 +400,7 @@
 void Scheduler::enableHardwareVsync() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mHWVsyncLock);
     if (!mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled && mHWVsyncAvailable) {
-        mVsyncSchedule.tracker->resetModel();
+        mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().resetModel();
         mSchedulerCallback.setVsyncEnabled(true);
         mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled = true;
     }
@@ -539,10 +453,10 @@
 
 void Scheduler::setVsyncPeriod(nsecs_t period) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mHWVsyncLock);
-    mVsyncSchedule.controller->startPeriodTransition(period);
+    mVsyncSchedule->getController().startPeriodTransition(period);
 
     if (!mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled) {
-        mVsyncSchedule.tracker->resetModel();
+        mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().resetModel();
         mSchedulerCallback.setVsyncEnabled(true);
         mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled = true;
     }
@@ -555,8 +469,9 @@
     { // Scope for the lock
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mHWVsyncLock);
         if (mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled) {
-            needsHwVsync = mVsyncSchedule.controller->addHwVsyncTimestamp(timestamp, hwcVsyncPeriod,
-                                                                          periodFlushed);
+            needsHwVsync =
+                    mVsyncSchedule->getController().addHwVsyncTimestamp(timestamp, hwcVsyncPeriod,
+                                                                        periodFlushed);
         }
     }
 
@@ -567,24 +482,23 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::addPresentFence(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& fenceTime) {
-    if (mVsyncSchedule.controller->addPresentFence(fenceTime)) {
+void Scheduler::addPresentFence(std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> fence) {
+    if (mVsyncSchedule->getController().addPresentFence(std::move(fence))) {
         enableHardwareVsync();
     } else {
         disableHardwareVsync(false);
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::setIgnorePresentFences(bool ignore) {
-    mVsyncSchedule.controller->setIgnorePresentFences(ignore);
-}
-
 void Scheduler::registerLayer(Layer* layer) {
+    using WindowType = gui::WindowInfo::Type;
+
     scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerVoteType voteType;
 
-    if (!mOptions.useContentDetection || layer->getWindowType() == WindowInfo::Type::STATUS_BAR) {
+    if (!mFeatures.test(Feature::kContentDetection) ||
+        layer->getWindowType() == WindowType::STATUS_BAR) {
         voteType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote;
-    } else if (layer->getWindowType() == WindowInfo::Type::WALLPAPER) {
+    } else if (layer->getWindowType() == WindowType::WALLPAPER) {
         // Running Wallpaper at Min is considered as part of content detection.
         voteType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min;
     } else {
@@ -594,11 +508,11 @@
     // If the content detection feature is off, we still keep the layer history,
     // since we use it for other features (like Frame Rate API), so layers
     // still need to be registered.
-    mLayerHistory->registerLayer(layer, voteType);
+    mLayerHistory.registerLayer(layer, voteType);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::deregisterLayer(Layer* layer) {
-    mLayerHistory->deregisterLayer(layer);
+    mLayerHistory.deregisterLayer(layer);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::recordLayerHistory(Layer* layer, nsecs_t presentTime,
@@ -608,11 +522,11 @@
         if (!mRefreshRateConfigs->canSwitch()) return;
     }
 
-    mLayerHistory->record(layer, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
+    mLayerHistory.record(layer, presentTime, systemTime(), updateType);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::setModeChangePending(bool pending) {
-    mLayerHistory->setModeChangePending(pending);
+    mLayerHistory.setModeChangePending(pending);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::chooseRefreshRateForContent() {
@@ -625,19 +539,19 @@
 
     const auto refreshRateConfigs = holdRefreshRateConfigs();
     scheduler::LayerHistory::Summary summary =
-            mLayerHistory->summarize(*refreshRateConfigs, systemTime());
+            mLayerHistory.summarize(*refreshRateConfigs, systemTime());
     scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     DisplayModePtr newMode;
     bool frameRateChanged;
     bool frameRateOverridesChanged;
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
-        mFeatures.contentRequirements = summary;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
+        mPolicy.contentRequirements = summary;
 
         newMode = calculateRefreshRateModeId(&consideredSignals);
         frameRateOverridesChanged = updateFrameRateOverrides(consideredSignals, newMode->getFps());
 
-        if (mFeatures.mode == newMode) {
+        if (mPolicy.mode == newMode) {
             // We don't need to change the display mode, but we might need to send an event
             // about a mode change, since it was suppressed due to a previous idleConsidered
             if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
@@ -645,15 +559,16 @@
             }
             frameRateChanged = false;
         } else {
-            mFeatures.mode = newMode;
+            mPolicy.mode = newMode;
             frameRateChanged = true;
         }
     }
     if (frameRateChanged) {
-        auto newRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newMode->getId());
+        const auto newRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newMode->getId());
+
         mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate,
-                                             consideredSignals.idle ? ModeEvent::None
-                                                                    : ModeEvent::Changed);
+                                             consideredSignals.idle ? DisplayModeEvent::None
+                                                                    : DisplayModeEvent::Changed);
     }
     if (frameRateOverridesChanged) {
         mSchedulerCallback.triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged();
@@ -665,7 +580,7 @@
     mRefreshRateConfigs->resetIdleTimer(/*kernelOnly*/ false);
 }
 
-void Scheduler::notifyTouchEvent() {
+void Scheduler::onTouchHint() {
     if (mTouchTimer) {
         mTouchTimer->reset();
 
@@ -676,8 +591,8 @@
 
 void Scheduler::setDisplayPowerState(bool normal) {
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
-        mFeatures.isDisplayPowerStateNormal = normal;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
+        mPolicy.isDisplayPowerStateNormal = normal;
     }
 
     if (mDisplayPowerTimer) {
@@ -686,7 +601,7 @@
 
     // Display Power event will boost the refresh rate to performance.
     // Clear Layer History to get fresh FPS detection
-    mLayerHistory->clear();
+    mLayerHistory.clear();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::kernelIdleTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
@@ -699,15 +614,16 @@
         return mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate();
     }();
 
-    constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER{65.0f};
-    if (state == TimerState::Reset &&
-        refreshRate.getFps().greaterThanWithMargin(FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER)) {
+    constexpr Fps FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER = 65_Hz;
+    using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+
+    if (state == TimerState::Reset && refreshRate.getFps() > FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER) {
         // If we're not in performance mode then the kernel timer shouldn't do
         // anything, as the refresh rate during DPU power collapse will be the
         // same.
         resyncToHardwareVsync(true /* makeAvailable */, refreshRate.getVsyncPeriod());
     } else if (state == TimerState::Expired &&
-               refreshRate.getFps().lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER)) {
+               refreshRate.getFps() <= FPS_THRESHOLD_FOR_KERNEL_TIMER) {
         // Disable HW VSYNC if the timer expired, as we don't need it enabled if
         // we're not pushing frames, and if we're in PERFORMANCE mode then we'll
         // need to update the VsyncController model anyway.
@@ -718,7 +634,7 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::idleTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
-    handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.idleTimer, state);
+    handleTimerStateChanged(&mPolicy.idleTimer, state);
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredIdleTimer", static_cast<int>(state));
 }
 
@@ -728,14 +644,14 @@
     // Clear layer history to get fresh FPS detection.
     // NOTE: Instead of checking all the layers, we should be checking the layer
     // that is currently on top. b/142507166 will give us this capability.
-    if (handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.touch, touch)) {
-        mLayerHistory->clear();
+    if (handleTimerStateChanged(&mPolicy.touch, touch)) {
+        mLayerHistory.clear();
     }
     ATRACE_INT("TouchState", static_cast<int>(touch));
 }
 
 void Scheduler::displayPowerTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
-    handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.displayPowerTimer, state);
+    handleTimerStateChanged(&mPolicy.displayPowerTimer, state);
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredDisplayPowerTimer", static_cast<int>(state));
 }
 
@@ -745,8 +661,8 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "+  Touch timer: %s\n",
                   mTouchTimer ? mTouchTimer->dump().c_str() : "off");
     StringAppendF(&result, "+  Content detection: %s %s\n\n",
-                  toContentDetectionString(mOptions.useContentDetection),
-                  mLayerHistory ? mLayerHistory->dump().c_str() : "(no layer history)");
+                  mFeatures.test(Feature::kContentDetection) ? "on" : "off",
+                  mLayerHistory.dump().c_str());
 
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
@@ -771,13 +687,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::dumpVsync(std::string& s) const {
-    using base::StringAppendF;
-
-    StringAppendF(&s, "VSyncReactor:\n");
-    mVsyncSchedule.controller->dump(s);
-    StringAppendF(&s, "VSyncDispatch:\n");
-    mVsyncSchedule.dispatch->dump(s);
+void Scheduler::dumpVsync(std::string& out) const {
+    mVsyncSchedule->dump(out);
 }
 
 bool Scheduler::updateFrameRateOverrides(
@@ -789,14 +700,13 @@
 
     if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
         const auto frameRateOverrides =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(mFeatures.contentRequirements,
-                                                          displayRefreshRate,
-                                                          consideredSignals.touch);
+                refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(mPolicy.contentRequirements,
+                                                          displayRefreshRate, consideredSignals);
         std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
         if (!std::equal(mFrameRateOverridesByContent.begin(), mFrameRateOverridesByContent.end(),
                         frameRateOverrides.begin(), frameRateOverrides.end(),
-                        [](const std::pair<uid_t, Fps>& a, const std::pair<uid_t, Fps>& b) {
-                            return a.first == b.first && a.second.equalsWithMargin(b.second);
+                        [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
+                            return lhs.first == rhs.first && isApproxEqual(lhs.second, rhs.second);
                         })) {
             mFrameRateOverridesByContent = frameRateOverrides;
             return true;
@@ -813,31 +723,30 @@
     scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     const auto refreshRateConfigs = holdRefreshRateConfigs();
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
         if (*currentState == newState) {
             return false;
         }
         *currentState = newState;
         newMode = calculateRefreshRateModeId(&consideredSignals);
         frameRateOverridesChanged = updateFrameRateOverrides(consideredSignals, newMode->getFps());
-        if (mFeatures.mode == newMode) {
+        if (mPolicy.mode == newMode) {
             // We don't need to change the display mode, but we might need to send an event
             // about a mode change, since it was suppressed due to a previous idleConsidered
             if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
                 dispatchCachedReportedMode();
             }
         } else {
-            mFeatures.mode = newMode;
+            mPolicy.mode = newMode;
             refreshRateChanged = true;
         }
     }
     if (refreshRateChanged) {
-        const RefreshRate& newRefreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newMode->getId());
+        const auto newRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(newMode->getId());
 
         mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate,
-                                             consideredSignals.idle ? ModeEvent::None
-                                                                    : ModeEvent::Changed);
+                                             consideredSignals.idle ? DisplayModeEvent::None
+                                                                    : DisplayModeEvent::Changed);
     }
     if (frameRateOverridesChanged) {
         mSchedulerCallback.triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged();
@@ -854,32 +763,31 @@
     // If Display Power is not in normal operation we want to be in performance mode. When coming
     // back to normal mode, a grace period is given with DisplayPowerTimer.
     if (mDisplayPowerTimer &&
-        (!mFeatures.isDisplayPowerStateNormal ||
-         mFeatures.displayPowerTimer == TimerState::Reset)) {
+        (!mPolicy.isDisplayPowerStateNormal || mPolicy.displayPowerTimer == TimerState::Reset)) {
         return refreshRateConfigs->getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy().getMode();
     }
 
-    const bool touchActive = mTouchTimer && mFeatures.touch == TouchState::Active;
-    const bool idle = mFeatures.idleTimer == TimerState::Expired;
+    const bool touchActive = mTouchTimer && mPolicy.touch == TouchState::Active;
+    const bool idle = mPolicy.idleTimer == TimerState::Expired;
 
     return refreshRateConfigs
-            ->getBestRefreshRate(mFeatures.contentRequirements,
-                                 {.touch = touchActive, .idle = idle}, consideredSignals)
+            ->getBestRefreshRate(mPolicy.contentRequirements, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = idle},
+                                 consideredSignals)
             .getMode();
 }
 
 DisplayModePtr Scheduler::getPreferredDisplayMode() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
     // Make sure that the default mode ID is first updated, before returned.
-    if (mFeatures.mode) {
-        mFeatures.mode = calculateRefreshRateModeId();
+    if (mPolicy.mode) {
+        mPolicy.mode = calculateRefreshRateModeId();
     }
-    return mFeatures.mode;
+    return mPolicy.mode;
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onNewVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline(const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& timeline) {
     if (timeline.refreshRequired) {
-        mSchedulerCallback.repaintEverythingForHWC();
+        mSchedulerCallback.scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mVsyncTimelineLock);
@@ -891,27 +799,27 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Scheduler::onDisplayRefreshed(nsecs_t timestamp) {
-    bool callRepaint = false;
-    {
+void Scheduler::onPostComposition(nsecs_t presentTime) {
+    const bool recomposite = [=] {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mVsyncTimelineLock);
         if (mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline && mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshRequired) {
-            if (mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshTimeNanos < timestamp) {
-                mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshRequired = false;
-            } else {
-                // We need to send another refresh as refreshTimeNanos is still in the future
-                callRepaint = true;
+            if (presentTime < mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshTimeNanos) {
+                // We need to composite again as refreshTimeNanos is still in the future.
+                return true;
             }
-        }
-    }
 
-    if (callRepaint) {
-        mSchedulerCallback.repaintEverythingForHWC();
+            mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline->refreshRequired = false;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }();
+
+    if (recomposite) {
+        mSchedulerCallback.scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 }
 
 void Scheduler::onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(uint32_t displayArea) {
-    mLayerHistory->setDisplayArea(displayArea);
+    mLayerHistory.setDisplayArea(displayArea);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::setPreferredRefreshRateForUid(FrameRateOverride frameRateOverride) {
@@ -921,7 +829,8 @@
 
     std::lock_guard lock(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
     if (frameRateOverride.frameRateHz != 0.f) {
-        mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor[frameRateOverride.uid] = Fps(frameRateOverride.frameRateHz);
+        mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor[frameRateOverride.uid] =
+                Fps::fromValue(frameRateOverride.frameRateHz);
     } else {
         mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor.erase(frameRateOverride.uid);
     }
@@ -930,8 +839,8 @@
 std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point Scheduler::getPreviousVsyncFrom(
         nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const {
     const auto presentTime = std::chrono::nanoseconds(expectedPresentTime);
-    const auto vsyncPeriod = std::chrono::nanoseconds(mVsyncSchedule.tracker->currentPeriod());
+    const auto vsyncPeriod = std::chrono::nanoseconds(mVsyncSchedule->getTracker().currentPeriod());
     return std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point(presentTime - vsyncPeriod);
 }
 
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index bbbbca5..818f1ed 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
+#include <future>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <optional>
@@ -30,36 +31,37 @@
 #include <ui/GraphicTypes.h>
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
 
+#include <scheduler/Features.h>
+
 #include "EventThread.h"
 #include "LayerHistory.h"
+#include "MessageQueue.h"
 #include "OneShotTimer.h"
 #include "RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "SchedulerUtils.h"
+#include "VsyncSchedule.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-using scheduler::LayerHistory;
-
 class FenceTime;
 class InjectVSyncSource;
-class PredictedVsyncTracer;
-
-namespace scheduler {
-class VsyncController;
-class VSyncDispatch;
-class VSyncTracker;
-} // namespace scheduler
 
 namespace frametimeline {
 class TokenManager;
 } // namespace frametimeline
 
+namespace scheduler {
+
 struct ISchedulerCallback {
+    // Indicates frame activity, i.e. whether commit and/or composite is taking place.
+    enum class FrameHint { kNone, kActive };
+
+    using RefreshRate = RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate;
+    using DisplayModeEvent = scheduler::DisplayModeEvent;
+
+    virtual void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) = 0;
     virtual void setVsyncEnabled(bool) = 0;
-    virtual void changeRefreshRate(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate&,
-                                   scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent) = 0;
-    virtual void repaintEverythingForHWC() = 0;
+    virtual void changeRefreshRate(const RefreshRate&, DisplayModeEvent) = 0;
     virtual void kernelTimerChanged(bool expired) = 0;
     virtual void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() = 0;
 
@@ -67,15 +69,33 @@
     ~ISchedulerCallback() = default;
 };
 
-class Scheduler {
-public:
-    using RefreshRate = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate;
-    using ModeEvent = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent;
+class Scheduler : impl::MessageQueue {
+    using Impl = impl::MessageQueue;
 
-    Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&);
+public:
+    Scheduler(ICompositor&, ISchedulerCallback&, FeatureFlags);
     ~Scheduler();
 
-    using ConnectionHandle = scheduler::ConnectionHandle;
+    void createVsyncSchedule(FeatureFlags);
+    void startTimers();
+    void run();
+
+    using Impl::initVsync;
+    using Impl::setInjector;
+
+    using Impl::getScheduledFrameTime;
+    using Impl::setDuration;
+
+    using Impl::scheduleFrame;
+
+    // Schedule an asynchronous or synchronous task on the main thread.
+    template <typename F, typename T = std::invoke_result_t<F>>
+    [[nodiscard]] std::future<T> schedule(F&& f) {
+        auto [task, future] = makeTask(std::move(f));
+        postMessage(std::move(task));
+        return std::move(future);
+    }
+
     ConnectionHandle createConnection(const char* connectionName, frametimeline::TokenManager*,
                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration,
                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds readyDuration,
@@ -87,7 +107,7 @@
     sp<EventThreadConnection> getEventConnection(ConnectionHandle);
 
     void onHotplugReceived(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId, bool connected);
-    void onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, DisplayModePtr) EXCLUDES(mFeatureStateLock);
+    void onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, DisplayModePtr) EXCLUDES(mPolicyLock);
     void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle, DisplayModePtr);
     void onScreenAcquired(ConnectionHandle);
     void onScreenReleased(ConnectionHandle);
@@ -120,8 +140,7 @@
     // VsyncController detected that the vsync period changed, and false otherwise.
     void addResyncSample(nsecs_t timestamp, std::optional<nsecs_t> hwcVsyncPeriod,
                          bool* periodFlushed);
-    void addPresentFence(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>&);
-    void setIgnorePresentFences(bool ignore);
+    void addPresentFence(std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>);
 
     // Layers are registered on creation, and unregistered when the weak reference expires.
     void registerLayer(Layer*);
@@ -135,12 +154,12 @@
 
     void resetIdleTimer();
 
-    // Function that resets the touch timer.
-    void notifyTouchEvent();
+    // Indicates that touch interaction is taking place.
+    void onTouchHint();
 
     void setDisplayPowerState(bool normal);
 
-    scheduler::VSyncDispatch& getVsyncDispatch() { return *mVsyncSchedule.dispatch; }
+    VSyncDispatch& getVsyncDispatch() { return mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch(); }
 
     // Returns true if a given vsync timestamp is considered valid vsync
     // for a given uid
@@ -159,8 +178,8 @@
     // Notifies the scheduler about a refresh rate timeline change.
     void onNewVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline(const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& timeline);
 
-    // Notifies the scheduler when the display was refreshed
-    void onDisplayRefreshed(nsecs_t timestamp);
+    // Notifies the scheduler post composition.
+    void onPostComposition(nsecs_t presentTime);
 
     // Notifies the scheduler when the display size has changed. Called from SF's main thread
     void onActiveDisplayAreaChanged(uint32_t displayArea);
@@ -179,7 +198,7 @@
     std::optional<Fps> getFrameRateOverride(uid_t uid) const
             EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock, mFrameRateOverridesLock);
 
-    void setRefreshRateConfigs(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> refreshRateConfigs)
+    void setRefreshRateConfigs(std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> refreshRateConfigs)
             EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock) {
         // We need to stop the idle timer on the previous RefreshRateConfigs instance
         // and cleanup the scheduler's state before we switch to the other RefreshRateConfigs.
@@ -188,8 +207,8 @@
             if (mRefreshRateConfigs) mRefreshRateConfigs->stopIdleTimer();
         }
         {
-            std::scoped_lock lock(mFeatureStateLock);
-            mFeatures = {};
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mPolicyLock);
+            mPolicy = {};
         }
         {
             std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
@@ -214,36 +233,20 @@
         return mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getVsyncPeriod();
     }
 
+    // Returns the framerate of the layer with the given sequence ID
+    float getLayerFramerate(nsecs_t now, int32_t id) const {
+        return mLayerHistory.getLayerFramerate(now, id);
+    }
+
 private:
     friend class TestableScheduler;
 
-    // In order to make sure that the features don't override themselves, we need a state machine
-    // to keep track which feature requested the config change.
+    using FrameHint = ISchedulerCallback::FrameHint;
+
     enum class ContentDetectionState { Off, On };
     enum class TimerState { Reset, Expired };
     enum class TouchState { Inactive, Active };
 
-    struct Options {
-        // Whether to use content detection at all.
-        bool useContentDetection;
-    };
-
-    struct VsyncSchedule {
-        std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncController> controller;
-        std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> tracker;
-        std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncDispatch> dispatch;
-    };
-
-    // Unlike the testing constructor, this creates the VsyncSchedule, LayerHistory, and timers.
-    Scheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&, Options);
-
-    // Used by tests to inject mocks.
-    Scheduler(VsyncSchedule, const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&,
-              ISchedulerCallback&, std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory>, Options);
-
-    static VsyncSchedule createVsyncSchedule(bool supportKernelIdleTimer);
-    static std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> createLayerHistory();
-
     // Create a connection on the given EventThread.
     ConnectionHandle createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread>);
     sp<EventThreadConnection> createConnectionInternal(
@@ -265,19 +268,17 @@
     // selection were initialized, prioritizes them, and calculates the DisplayModeId
     // for the suggested refresh rate.
     DisplayModePtr calculateRefreshRateModeId(
-            scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals* consideredSignals = nullptr)
-            REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock);
+            RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals* consideredSignals = nullptr) REQUIRES(mPolicyLock);
 
-    void dispatchCachedReportedMode() REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock) EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
-    bool updateFrameRateOverrides(scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals,
-                                  Fps displayRefreshRate) REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock)
-            EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
+    void dispatchCachedReportedMode() REQUIRES(mPolicyLock) EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+    bool updateFrameRateOverrides(RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals, Fps displayRefreshRate)
+            REQUIRES(mPolicyLock) EXCLUDES(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
 
     impl::EventThread::ThrottleVsyncCallback makeThrottleVsyncCallback() const
             EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
     impl::EventThread::GetVsyncPeriodFunction makeGetVsyncPeriodFunction() const;
 
-    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> holdRefreshRateConfigs() const
+    std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> holdRefreshRateConfigs() const
             EXCLUDES(mRefreshRateConfigsLock) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
         return mRefreshRateConfigs;
@@ -303,66 +304,63 @@
 
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mLastResyncTime = 0;
 
-    const Options mOptions;
-    VsyncSchedule mVsyncSchedule;
+    const FeatureFlags mFeatures;
+    std::optional<VsyncSchedule> mVsyncSchedule;
 
     // Used to choose refresh rate if content detection is enabled.
-    std::unique_ptr<LayerHistory> mLayerHistory;
+    LayerHistory mLayerHistory;
 
     // Timer used to monitor touch events.
-    std::optional<scheduler::OneShotTimer> mTouchTimer;
+    std::optional<OneShotTimer> mTouchTimer;
     // Timer used to monitor display power mode.
-    std::optional<scheduler::OneShotTimer> mDisplayPowerTimer;
+    std::optional<OneShotTimer> mDisplayPowerTimer;
 
     ISchedulerCallback& mSchedulerCallback;
 
-    // In order to make sure that the features don't override themselves, we need a state machine
-    // to keep track which feature requested the config change.
-    mutable std::mutex mFeatureStateLock;
+    mutable std::mutex mPolicyLock;
 
     struct {
+        // Policy for choosing the display mode.
+        LayerHistory::Summary contentRequirements;
         TimerState idleTimer = TimerState::Reset;
         TouchState touch = TouchState::Inactive;
         TimerState displayPowerTimer = TimerState::Expired;
-
-        DisplayModePtr mode;
-        LayerHistory::Summary contentRequirements;
-
         bool isDisplayPowerStateNormal = true;
 
-        // Used to cache the last parameters of onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged
+        // Chosen display mode.
+        DisplayModePtr mode;
+
         struct ModeChangedParams {
             ConnectionHandle handle;
             DisplayModePtr mode;
         };
 
+        // Parameters for latest dispatch of mode change event.
         std::optional<ModeChangedParams> cachedModeChangedParams;
-    } mFeatures GUARDED_BY(mFeatureStateLock);
+    } mPolicy GUARDED_BY(mPolicyLock);
 
     mutable std::mutex mRefreshRateConfigsLock;
-    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs
-            GUARDED_BY(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
+    std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs GUARDED_BY(mRefreshRateConfigsLock);
 
     std::mutex mVsyncTimelineLock;
     std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline> mLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline
             GUARDED_BY(mVsyncTimelineLock);
     static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds MAX_VSYNC_APPLIED_TIME = 200ms;
 
-    const std::unique_ptr<PredictedVsyncTracer> mPredictedVsyncTracer;
-
     // The frame rate override lists need their own mutex as they are being read
     // by SurfaceFlinger, Scheduler and EventThread (as a callback) to prevent deadlocks
     mutable std::mutex mFrameRateOverridesLock;
 
     // mappings between a UID and a preferred refresh rate that this app would
     // run at.
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverridesByContent
+    RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverridesByContent
             GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor
+    RefreshRateConfigs::UidToFrameRateOverride mFrameRateOverridesFromBackdoor
             GUARDED_BY(mFrameRateOverridesLock);
 
     // Keeps track of whether the screen is acquired for debug
     std::atomic<bool> mScreenAcquired = false;
 };
 
+} // namespace scheduler
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.cpp
index c9c2d84..22c3a70 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.cpp
@@ -17,14 +17,18 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "SchedulerTimer"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
 #include <sys/timerfd.h>
 #include <sys/unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <cstdint>
 
 #include "SchedulerUtils.h"
 #include "Timer.h"
@@ -215,26 +219,9 @@
     mDebugState = state;
 }
 
-const char* Timer::strDebugState(DebugState state) const {
-    switch (state) {
-        case DebugState::Reset:
-            return "Reset";
-        case DebugState::Running:
-            return "Running";
-        case DebugState::Waiting:
-            return "Waiting";
-        case DebugState::Reading:
-            return "Reading";
-        case DebugState::InCallback:
-            return "InCallback";
-        case DebugState::Terminated:
-            return "Terminated";
-    }
-}
-
 void Timer::dump(std::string& result) const {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-    StringAppendF(&result, "\t\tDebugState: %s\n", strDebugState(mDebugState));
+    StringAppendF(&result, "\t\tDebugState: %s\n", ftl::enum_string(mDebugState).c_str());
 }
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.h
index 69ce079..628d800 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Timer.h
@@ -37,11 +37,20 @@
     void dump(std::string& result) const final;
 
 private:
-    enum class DebugState { Reset, Running, Waiting, Reading, InCallback, Terminated };
+    enum class DebugState {
+        Reset,
+        Running,
+        Waiting,
+        Reading,
+        InCallback,
+        Terminated,
+
+        ftl_last = Terminated
+    };
+
     void reset();
     void cleanup();
     void setDebugState(DebugState state) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
-    const char* strDebugState(DebugState state) const;
 
     int mTimerFd = -1;
     int mEpollFd = -1;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
index ee973f7..1c9de1c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 
 VSyncReactor::~VSyncReactor() = default;
 
-bool VSyncReactor::addPresentFence(const std::shared_ptr<android::FenceTime>& fence) {
+bool VSyncReactor::addPresentFence(std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> fence) {
     if (!fence) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
         if (mPendingLimit == mUnfiredFences.size()) {
             mUnfiredFences.erase(mUnfiredFences.begin());
         }
-        mUnfiredFences.push_back(fence);
+        mUnfiredFences.push_back(std::move(fence));
     } else {
         timestampAccepted &= mTracker.addVsyncTimestamp(signalTime);
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.h
index 449d4c3..a9d536b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
                  bool supportKernelIdleTimer);
     ~VSyncReactor();
 
-    bool addPresentFence(const std::shared_ptr<android::FenceTime>& fence) final;
+    bool addPresentFence(std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>) final;
     void setIgnorePresentFences(bool ignore) final;
 
     void startPeriodTransition(nsecs_t period) final;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
index 95750ad..76315d2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncTracker.h
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
-#include "Fps.h"
+
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
 #include "VSyncDispatch.h"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
index 43e0297..ff31651 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.cpp
@@ -48,14 +48,12 @@
 }
 
 PhaseOffsets::VsyncConfigSet VsyncConfiguration::getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(Fps fps) const {
-    const auto iter = mOffsetsCache.find(fps);
-    if (iter != mOffsetsCache.end()) {
-        return iter->second;
+    if (const auto offsets = mOffsetsCache.get(fps)) {
+        return offsets->get();
     }
 
-    const auto offset = constructOffsets(fps.getPeriodNsecs());
-    mOffsetsCache[fps] = offset;
-    return offset;
+    const auto [it, _] = mOffsetsCache.try_emplace(fps, constructOffsets(fps.getPeriodNsecs()));
+    return it->second;
 }
 
 void VsyncConfiguration::dump(std::string& result) const {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
index 3e53b3f..02ebd70 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h
@@ -17,13 +17,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <mutex>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
 
+#include <ftl/small_map.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
-#include "Fps.h"
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
 #include "VsyncModulator.h"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
@@ -88,9 +89,8 @@
 
     VsyncConfigSet getConfigsForRefreshRateLocked(Fps fps) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-    mutable std::unordered_map<Fps, VsyncConfigSet, std::hash<Fps>, Fps::EqualsInBuckets>
-            mOffsetsCache GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    std::atomic<Fps> mRefreshRateFps GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    mutable ftl::SmallMap<Fps, VsyncConfigSet, 2, FpsApproxEqual> mOffsetsCache GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    Fps mRefreshRateFps GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncController.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncController.h
index 0f0df22..59f6537 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncController.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncController.h
@@ -17,19 +17,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
 
+#include <ui/FenceTime.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
-#include <ui/FenceTime.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-class FenceTime;
-
 class VsyncController {
 public:
     virtual ~VsyncController();
@@ -43,7 +39,7 @@
      *                      an accurate prediction,
      *                      False otherwise
      */
-    virtual bool addPresentFence(const std::shared_ptr<android::FenceTime>&) = 0;
+    virtual bool addPresentFence(std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>) = 0;
 
     /*
      * Adds a hw sync timestamp to the model. The controller will use the timestamp
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
index b2b0451..2000c54 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+#include "../WpHash.h"
+
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 // State machine controlled by transaction flags. VsyncModulator switches to early phase offsets
@@ -124,12 +126,6 @@
     using Schedule = TransactionSchedule;
     std::atomic<Schedule> mTransactionSchedule = Schedule::Late;
 
-    struct WpHash {
-        size_t operator()(const wp<IBinder>& p) const {
-            return std::hash<IBinder*>()(p.unsafe_get());
-        }
-    };
-
     std::unordered_set<wp<IBinder>, WpHash> mEarlyWakeupRequests GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     std::atomic<bool> mRefreshRateChangePending = false;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77d1223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+#include "VsyncSchedule.h"
+
+#include "Timer.h"
+#include "VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h"
+#include "VSyncPredictor.h"
+#include "VSyncReactor.h"
+
+#include "../TracedOrdinal.h"
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+class VsyncSchedule::PredictedVsyncTracer {
+    // Invoked from the thread of the VsyncDispatch owned by this VsyncSchedule.
+    constexpr auto makeVsyncCallback() {
+        return [this](nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t) {
+            mParity = !mParity;
+            schedule();
+        };
+    }
+
+public:
+    explicit PredictedVsyncTracer(VsyncDispatch& dispatch)
+          : mRegistration(dispatch, makeVsyncCallback(), __func__) {
+        schedule();
+    }
+
+private:
+    void schedule() { mRegistration.schedule({0, 0, 0}); }
+
+    TracedOrdinal<bool> mParity = {"VSYNC-predicted", 0};
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration mRegistration;
+};
+
+VsyncSchedule::VsyncSchedule(FeatureFlags features)
+      : mTracker(createTracker()),
+        mDispatch(createDispatch(*mTracker)),
+        mController(createController(*mTracker, features)) {
+    if (features.test(Feature::kTracePredictedVsync)) {
+        mTracer = std::make_unique<PredictedVsyncTracer>(*mDispatch);
+    }
+}
+
+VsyncSchedule::VsyncSchedule(TrackerPtr tracker, DispatchPtr dispatch, ControllerPtr controller)
+      : mTracker(std::move(tracker)),
+        mDispatch(std::move(dispatch)),
+        mController(std::move(controller)) {}
+
+VsyncSchedule::VsyncSchedule(VsyncSchedule&&) = default;
+VsyncSchedule::~VsyncSchedule() = default;
+
+void VsyncSchedule::dump(std::string& out) const {
+    out.append("VsyncController:\n");
+    mController->dump(out);
+
+    out.append("VsyncDispatch:\n");
+    mDispatch->dump(out);
+}
+
+VsyncSchedule::TrackerPtr VsyncSchedule::createTracker() {
+    // TODO(b/144707443): Tune constants.
+    constexpr nsecs_t kInitialPeriod = (60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
+    constexpr size_t kHistorySize = 20;
+    constexpr size_t kMinSamplesForPrediction = 6;
+    constexpr uint32_t kDiscardOutlierPercent = 20;
+
+    return std::make_unique<VSyncPredictor>(kInitialPeriod, kHistorySize, kMinSamplesForPrediction,
+                                            kDiscardOutlierPercent);
+}
+
+VsyncSchedule::DispatchPtr VsyncSchedule::createDispatch(VsyncTracker& tracker) {
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+    // TODO(b/144707443): Tune constants.
+    constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kGroupDispatchWithin = 500us;
+    constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kSnapToSameVsyncWithin = 3ms;
+
+    return std::make_unique<VSyncDispatchTimerQueue>(std::make_unique<Timer>(), tracker,
+                                                     kGroupDispatchWithin.count(),
+                                                     kSnapToSameVsyncWithin.count());
+}
+
+VsyncSchedule::ControllerPtr VsyncSchedule::createController(VsyncTracker& tracker,
+                                                             FeatureFlags features) {
+    // TODO(b/144707443): Tune constants.
+    constexpr size_t kMaxPendingFences = 20;
+    const bool hasKernelIdleTimer = features.test(Feature::kKernelIdleTimer);
+
+    auto reactor = std::make_unique<VSyncReactor>(std::make_unique<SystemClock>(), tracker,
+                                                  kMaxPendingFences, hasKernelIdleTimer);
+
+    reactor->setIgnorePresentFences(!features.test(Feature::kPresentFences));
+    return reactor;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d9b114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VsyncSchedule.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <scheduler/Features.h>
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+// TODO(b/185535769): Rename classes, and remove aliases.
+class VSyncDispatch;
+class VSyncTracker;
+
+class VsyncController;
+using VsyncDispatch = VSyncDispatch;
+using VsyncTracker = VSyncTracker;
+
+// Schedule that synchronizes to hardware VSYNC of a physical display.
+class VsyncSchedule {
+public:
+    explicit VsyncSchedule(FeatureFlags);
+    VsyncSchedule(VsyncSchedule&&);
+    ~VsyncSchedule();
+
+    // TODO(b/185535769): Hide behind API.
+    const VsyncTracker& getTracker() const { return *mTracker; }
+    VsyncTracker& getTracker() { return *mTracker; }
+    VsyncController& getController() { return *mController; }
+
+    // TODO(b/185535769): Remove once VsyncSchedule owns all registrations.
+    VsyncDispatch& getDispatch() { return *mDispatch; }
+
+    void dump(std::string&) const;
+
+private:
+    friend class TestableScheduler;
+
+    using TrackerPtr = std::unique_ptr<VsyncTracker>;
+    using DispatchPtr = std::unique_ptr<VsyncDispatch>;
+    using ControllerPtr = std::unique_ptr<VsyncController>;
+
+    // For tests.
+    VsyncSchedule(TrackerPtr, DispatchPtr, ControllerPtr);
+
+    static TrackerPtr createTracker();
+    static DispatchPtr createDispatch(VsyncTracker&);
+    static ControllerPtr createController(VsyncTracker&, FeatureFlags);
+
+    class PredictedVsyncTracer;
+    using TracerPtr = std::unique_ptr<PredictedVsyncTracer>;
+
+    // Effectively const except in move constructor.
+    TrackerPtr mTracker;
+    DispatchPtr mDispatch;
+    ControllerPtr mController;
+    TracerPtr mTracer;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/libs/ui/Size.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Features.h
similarity index 60%
copy from libs/ui/Size.cpp
copy to services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Features.h
index d2996d1..0e96678 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Size.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Features.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,21 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <ui/Size.h>
+#pragma once
 
-namespace android::ui {
+#include <ftl/Flags.h>
 
-const Size Size::INVALID{-1, -1};
-const Size Size::EMPTY{0, 0};
+#include <cstdint>
 
-} // namespace android::ui
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+enum class Feature : std::uint8_t {
+    kPresentFences = 0b1,
+    kKernelIdleTimer = 0b10,
+    kContentDetection = 0b100,
+    kTracePredictedVsync = 0b1000,
+};
+
+using FeatureFlags = Flags<Feature>;
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..639b3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Fps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+// Frames per second, stored as floating-point frequency. Provides conversion from/to period in
+// nanoseconds, and relational operators with precision threshold.
+//
+//     const Fps fps = 60_Hz;
+//
+//     using namespace fps_approx_ops;
+//     assert(fps == Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(16'666'667));
+//
+class Fps {
+public:
+    constexpr Fps() = default;
+
+    static constexpr Fps fromValue(float frequency) {
+        return frequency > 0.f ? Fps(frequency, static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / frequency)) : Fps();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr Fps fromPeriodNsecs(nsecs_t period) {
+        return period > 0 ? Fps(1e9f / period, period) : Fps();
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool isValid() const { return mFrequency > 0.f; }
+
+    constexpr float getValue() const { return mFrequency; }
+    int getIntValue() const { return static_cast<int>(std::round(mFrequency)); }
+
+    constexpr nsecs_t getPeriodNsecs() const { return mPeriod; }
+
+private:
+    constexpr Fps(float frequency, nsecs_t period) : mFrequency(frequency), mPeriod(period) {}
+
+    float mFrequency = 0.f;
+    nsecs_t mPeriod = 0;
+};
+
+static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Fps>);
+
+constexpr Fps operator""_Hz(unsigned long long frequency) {
+    return Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(frequency));
+}
+
+constexpr Fps operator""_Hz(long double frequency) {
+    return Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(frequency));
+}
+
+inline bool isStrictlyLess(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return lhs.getValue() < rhs.getValue();
+}
+
+// Does not satisfy equivalence relation.
+inline bool isApproxEqual(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    // TODO(b/185536303): Replace with ULP distance.
+    return std::abs(lhs.getValue() - rhs.getValue()) < 0.001f;
+}
+
+// Does not satisfy strict weak order.
+inline bool isApproxLess(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isStrictlyLess(lhs, rhs) && !isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+namespace fps_approx_ops {
+
+inline bool operator==(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isApproxLess(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return !isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return isApproxLess(rhs, lhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return !isApproxLess(rhs, lhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return !isApproxLess(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+} // namespace fps_approx_ops
+
+struct FpsApproxEqual {
+    bool operator()(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) const { return isApproxEqual(lhs, rhs); }
+};
+
+inline std::string to_string(Fps fps) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("%.2f Hz", fps.getValue());
+}
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, Fps fps) {
+    return stream << to_string(fps);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Seamlessness.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Seamlessness.h
similarity index 67%
rename from services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Seamlessness.h
rename to services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Seamlessness.h
index 3e42a4d..93bf726 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Seamlessness.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/Seamlessness.h
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cstring>
 #include <ostream>
 
-namespace android {
-namespace scheduler {
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
 // The seamlessness requirement of a Layer.
 enum class Seamlessness {
@@ -31,24 +31,14 @@
     // Indicates no preference for seamlessness. For such layers the system will
     // prefer seamless switches, but also non-seamless switches to the group of the
     // default config are allowed.
-    Default
+    Default,
+
+    ftl_last = Default
 };
 
-inline std::string toString(Seamlessness seamlessness) {
-    switch (seamlessness) {
-        case Seamlessness::OnlySeamless:
-            return "OnlySeamless";
-        case Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless:
-            return "SeamedAndSeamless";
-        case Seamlessness::Default:
-            return "Default";
-    }
-}
-
 // Used by gtest
-inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Seamlessness val) {
-    return os << toString(val);
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Seamlessness s) {
+    return os << ftl::enum_string(s);
 }
 
-} // namespace scheduler
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 758cc70..b7327b2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/configuration.h>
+#include <android/gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.1/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.1/types.h>
@@ -51,7 +52,6 @@
 #include <ftl/future.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
 #include <gui/DebugEGLImageTracker.h>
-#include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
 #include <gui/LayerDebugInfo.h>
 #include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
 #include "BufferLayer.h"
 #include "BufferQueueLayer.h"
 #include "BufferStateLayer.h"
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@
 #include "DisplayRenderArea.h"
 #include "EffectLayer.h"
 #include "Effects/Daltonizer.h"
+#include "FlagManager.h"
 #include "FpsReporter.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline/FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "FrameTracer/FrameTracer.h"
@@ -124,7 +126,6 @@
 #include "Scheduler/DispSyncSource.h"
 #include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerHistory.h"
-#include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncController.h"
@@ -168,6 +169,8 @@
 
 using android::hardware::power::Boost;
 using base::StringAppendF;
+using gui::DisplayInfo;
+using gui::IDisplayEventConnection;
 using gui::IWindowInfosListener;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 using ui::ColorMode;
@@ -261,14 +264,6 @@
     return dataspace == Dataspace::V0_SRGB || dataspace == Dataspace::DISPLAY_P3;
 }
 
-class FrameRateFlexibilityToken : public BBinder {
-public:
-    FrameRateFlexibilityToken(std::function<void()> callback) : mCallback(callback) {}
-    virtual ~FrameRateFlexibilityToken() { mCallback(); }
-
-private:
-    std::function<void()> mCallback;
-};
 
 enum Permission {
     ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER = 0x1,
@@ -332,15 +327,13 @@
 uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::maxGraphicsHeight;
 bool SurfaceFlinger::hasWideColorDisplay;
 ui::Rotation SurfaceFlinger::internalDisplayOrientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
-bool SurfaceFlinger::useColorManagement;
 bool SurfaceFlinger::useContextPriority;
 Dataspace SurfaceFlinger::defaultCompositionDataspace = Dataspace::V0_SRGB;
 ui::PixelFormat SurfaceFlinger::defaultCompositionPixelFormat = ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
 Dataspace SurfaceFlinger::wideColorGamutCompositionDataspace = Dataspace::V0_SRGB;
 ui::PixelFormat SurfaceFlinger::wideColorGamutCompositionPixelFormat = ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
-bool SurfaceFlinger::useFrameRateApi;
 bool SurfaceFlinger::enableSdrDimming;
-bool SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaled;
+LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig;
 
 std::string decodeDisplayColorSetting(DisplayColorSetting displayColorSetting) {
     switch(displayColorSetting) {
@@ -366,11 +359,11 @@
 
 SurfaceFlinger::SurfaceFlinger(Factory& factory, SkipInitializationTag)
       : mFactory(factory),
+        mPid(getpid()),
         mInterceptor(mFactory.createSurfaceInterceptor()),
         mTimeStats(std::make_shared<impl::TimeStats>()),
         mFrameTracer(mFactory.createFrameTracer()),
-        mFrameTimeline(mFactory.createFrameTimeline(mTimeStats, getpid())),
-        mEventQueue(mFactory.createMessageQueue()),
+        mFrameTimeline(mFactory.createFrameTimeline(mTimeStats, mPid)),
         mCompositionEngine(mFactory.createCompositionEngine()),
         mHwcServiceName(base::GetProperty("debug.sf.hwc_service_name"s, "default"s)),
         mTunnelModeEnabledReporter(new TunnelModeEnabledReporter()),
@@ -396,11 +389,6 @@
     maxGraphicsHeight = std::max(max_graphics_height(0), 0);
 
     hasWideColorDisplay = has_wide_color_display(false);
-
-    // Android 12 and beyond, color management in display pipeline is turned on
-    // by default.
-    useColorManagement = use_color_management(true);
-
     mDefaultCompositionDataspace =
             static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(default_composition_dataspace(Dataspace::V0_SRGB));
     mWideColorGamutCompositionDataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(wcg_composition_dataspace(
@@ -450,10 +438,7 @@
     property_get("ro.build.type", value, "user");
     mIsUserBuild = strcmp(value, "user") == 0;
 
-    property_get("debug.sf.showupdates", value, "0");
-    mDebugRegion = atoi(value);
-
-    ALOGI_IF(mDebugRegion, "showupdates enabled");
+    mDebugFlashDelay = base::GetUintProperty("debug.sf.showupdates"s, 0u);
 
     // DDMS debugging deprecated (b/120782499)
     property_get("debug.sf.ddms", value, "0");
@@ -501,28 +486,37 @@
         android::hardware::details::setTrebleTestingOverride(true);
     }
 
-    useFrameRateApi = use_frame_rate_api(true);
-
     mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner = property_get_bool("sf.debug.show_refresh_rate_overlay_spinner", 0);
 
     // Debug property overrides ro. property
     enableSdrDimming = property_get_bool("debug.sf.enable_sdr_dimming", enable_sdr_dimming(false));
 
-    enableLatchUnsignaled = base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.latch_unsignaled"s, false);
+    enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = getLatchUnsignaledConfig();
+
+    mTransactionTracingEnabled = property_get_bool("debug.sf.enable_transaction_tracing", false);
+    if (mTransactionTracingEnabled) {
+        mTransactionTracing.enable();
+    }
+}
+
+LatchUnsignaledConfig SurfaceFlinger::getLatchUnsignaledConfig() {
+    if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.latch_unsignaled"s, false)) {
+        return LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    } else if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.auto_latch_unsignaled"s, false)) {
+        return LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    } else {
+        return LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    }
 }
 
 SurfaceFlinger::~SurfaceFlinger() = default;
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onFirstRef() {
-    mEventQueue->init(this);
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>&) {
     // the window manager died on us. prepare its eulogy.
     mBootFinished = false;
 
-    // Sever the link to inputflinger since its gone as well.
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=] { mInputFlinger = nullptr; }));
+    // Sever the link to inputflinger since it's gone as well.
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=] { mInputFlinger = nullptr; }));
 
     // restore initial conditions (default device unblank, etc)
     initializeDisplays();
@@ -532,16 +526,7 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::run() {
-    while (true) {
-        mEventQueue->waitMessage();
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename F, typename T>
-inline std::future<T> SurfaceFlinger::schedule(F&& f) {
-    auto [task, future] = makeTask(std::move(f));
-    mEventQueue->postMessage(std::move(task));
-    return std::move(future);
+    mScheduler->run();
 }
 
 sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> SurfaceFlinger::createConnection() {
@@ -650,17 +635,20 @@
 }
 
 std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> SurfaceFlinger::getPhysicalDisplayIdsLocked() const {
-    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
-    if (!display) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
     std::vector<PhysicalDisplayId> displayIds;
     displayIds.reserve(mPhysicalDisplayTokens.size());
-    displayIds.push_back(display->getPhysicalId());
+    const auto defaultDisplayId = [this]() REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
+        if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
+            return display->getPhysicalId();
+        }
+
+        // fallback to the internal display id if the active display is unknown
+        return getInternalDisplayIdLocked();
+    }();
+    displayIds.push_back(defaultDisplayId);
 
     for (const auto& [id, token] : mPhysicalDisplayTokens) {
-        if (id != display->getPhysicalId()) {
+        if (id != defaultDisplayId) {
             displayIds.push_back(id);
         }
     }
@@ -670,12 +658,7 @@
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getPrimaryPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId* id) const {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-    const auto display = getInternalDisplayIdLocked();
-    if (!display) {
-        return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
-    }
-
-    *id = *display;
+    *id = getInternalDisplayIdLocked();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -721,6 +704,8 @@
     const nsecs_t duration = now - mBootTime;
     ALOGI("Boot is finished (%ld ms)", long(ns2ms(duration)) );
 
+    mFlagManager = std::make_unique<android::FlagManager>();
+    mPowerAdvisor.enablePowerHint(mFlagManager->use_adpf_cpu_hint());
     mFrameTracer->initialize();
     mFrameTimeline->onBootFinished();
 
@@ -742,7 +727,7 @@
 
     sp<IBinder> input(defaultServiceManager()->getService(String16("inputflinger")));
 
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=] {
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=] {
         if (input == nullptr) {
             ALOGE("Failed to link to input service");
         } else {
@@ -783,7 +768,7 @@
     if (std::this_thread::get_id() == mMainThreadId) {
         return genTextures();
     } else {
-        return schedule(genTextures).get();
+        return mScheduler->schedule(genTextures).get();
     }
 }
 
@@ -795,6 +780,25 @@
     ATRACE_INT("TexturePoolSize", mTexturePool.size());
 }
 
+static std::optional<renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType>
+chooseRenderEngineTypeViaSysProp() {
+    char prop[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+    property_get(PROPERTY_DEBUG_RENDERENGINE_BACKEND, prop, "");
+
+    if (strcmp(prop, "gles") == 0) {
+        return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES;
+    } else if (strcmp(prop, "threaded") == 0) {
+        return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::THREADED;
+    } else if (strcmp(prop, "skiagl") == 0) {
+        return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL;
+    } else if (strcmp(prop, "skiaglthreaded") == 0) {
+        return renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::SKIA_GL_THREADED;
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("Unrecognized RenderEngineType %s; ignoring!", prop);
+        return {};
+    }
+}
+
 // Do not call property_set on main thread which will be blocked by init
 // Use StartPropertySetThread instead.
 void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
@@ -805,19 +809,21 @@
     // Get a RenderEngine for the given display / config (can't fail)
     // TODO(b/77156734): We need to stop casting and use HAL types when possible.
     // Sending maxFrameBufferAcquiredBuffers as the cache size is tightly tuned to single-display.
-    mCompositionEngine->setRenderEngine(renderengine::RenderEngine::create(
-            renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs::Builder()
-                    .setPixelFormat(static_cast<int32_t>(defaultCompositionPixelFormat))
-                    .setImageCacheSize(maxFrameBufferAcquiredBuffers)
-                    .setUseColorManagerment(useColorManagement)
-                    .setEnableProtectedContext(enable_protected_contents(false))
-                    .setPrecacheToneMapperShaderOnly(false)
-                    .setSupportsBackgroundBlur(mSupportsBlur)
-                    .setContextPriority(
-                            useContextPriority
-                                    ? renderengine::RenderEngine::ContextPriority::REALTIME
-                                    : renderengine::RenderEngine::ContextPriority::MEDIUM)
-                    .build()));
+    auto builder = renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs::Builder()
+                           .setPixelFormat(static_cast<int32_t>(defaultCompositionPixelFormat))
+                           .setImageCacheSize(maxFrameBufferAcquiredBuffers)
+                           .setUseColorManagerment(useColorManagement)
+                           .setEnableProtectedContext(enable_protected_contents(false))
+                           .setPrecacheToneMapperShaderOnly(false)
+                           .setSupportsBackgroundBlur(mSupportsBlur)
+                           .setContextPriority(
+                                   useContextPriority
+                                           ? renderengine::RenderEngine::ContextPriority::REALTIME
+                                           : renderengine::RenderEngine::ContextPriority::MEDIUM);
+    if (auto type = chooseRenderEngineTypeViaSysProp()) {
+        builder.setRenderEngineType(type.value());
+    }
+    mCompositionEngine->setRenderEngine(renderengine::RenderEngine::create(builder.build()));
     mMaxRenderTargetSize =
             std::min(getRenderEngine().getMaxTextureSize(), getRenderEngine().getMaxViewportDims());
 
@@ -838,10 +844,10 @@
     // Process any initial hotplug and resulting display changes.
     processDisplayHotplugEventsLocked();
     const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!display, "Missing internal display after registering composer callback.");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!display, "Missing primary display after registering composer callback.");
     const auto displayId = display->getPhysicalId();
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!getHwComposer().isConnected(displayId),
-                        "Internal display is disconnected.");
+                        "Primary display is disconnected.");
 
     // initialize our drawing state
     mDrawingState = mCurrentState;
@@ -916,9 +922,8 @@
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::authenticateSurfaceTextureLocked(
-        const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& bufferProducer) const {
-    sp<IBinder> surfaceTextureBinder(IInterface::asBinder(bufferProducer));
-    return mGraphicBufferProducerList.count(surfaceTextureBinder.get()) > 0;
+        const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& /* bufferProducer */) const {
+    return false;
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getSupportedFrameTimestamps(
@@ -1010,6 +1015,11 @@
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
+    const auto displayId = PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(display->getId());
+    if (!displayId) {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+
     info->activeDisplayModeId = static_cast<int32_t>(display->getActiveMode()->getId().value());
 
     const auto& supportedModes = display->getSupportedModes();
@@ -1046,7 +1056,7 @@
         outMode.refreshRate = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(period).getValue();
 
         const auto vsyncConfigSet =
-                mVsyncConfiguration->getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(outMode.refreshRate));
+                mVsyncConfiguration->getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps::fromValue(outMode.refreshRate));
         outMode.appVsyncOffset = vsyncConfigSet.late.appOffset;
         outMode.sfVsyncOffset = vsyncConfigSet.late.sfOffset;
         outMode.group = mode->getGroup();
@@ -1069,18 +1079,18 @@
     }
 
     info->activeColorMode = display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().colorMode;
-    const auto displayId = display->getPhysicalId();
-    info->supportedColorModes = getDisplayColorModes(displayId);
-
+    info->supportedColorModes = getDisplayColorModes(*display);
     info->hdrCapabilities = display->getHdrCapabilities();
+
     info->autoLowLatencyModeSupported =
-            getHwComposer().hasDisplayCapability(displayId,
+            getHwComposer().hasDisplayCapability(*displayId,
                                                  hal::DisplayCapability::AUTO_LOW_LATENCY_MODE);
     std::vector<hal::ContentType> types;
-    getHwComposer().getSupportedContentTypes(displayId, &types);
+    getHwComposer().getSupportedContentTypes(*displayId, &types);
     info->gameContentTypeSupported = std::any_of(types.begin(), types.end(), [](auto type) {
         return type == hal::ContentType::GAME;
     });
+
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -1107,8 +1117,8 @@
     }
 
     if (display->setDesiredActiveMode(info)) {
-        // This will trigger HWC refresh without resetting the idle timer.
-        repaintEverythingForHWC();
+        scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
+
         // Start receiving vsync samples now, so that we can detect a period
         // switch.
         mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, info.mode->getVsyncPeriod());
@@ -1121,14 +1131,14 @@
     }
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::setActiveMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, int modeId) {
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::setActiveModeFromBackdoor(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, int modeId) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (!displayToken) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    auto future = schedule([=]() -> status_t {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() -> status_t {
         const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken));
         if (!display) {
             ALOGE("Attempt to set allowed display modes for invalid display token %p",
@@ -1162,7 +1172,7 @@
     return future.get();
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::setActiveModeInternal() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateInternalStateWithChangedMode() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
@@ -1198,7 +1208,7 @@
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(refreshRate);
     updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
 
-    if (upcomingModeInfo.event != Scheduler::ModeEvent::None) {
+    if (upcomingModeInfo.event != DisplayModeEvent::None) {
         mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, upcomingModeInfo.mode);
     }
 }
@@ -1217,9 +1227,10 @@
     updatePhaseConfiguration(refreshRate);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::performSetActiveMode() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::setActiveModeInHwcIfNeeded() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> displayToUpdateImmediately;
 
     for (const auto& iter : mDisplays) {
         const auto& display = iter.second;
@@ -1254,8 +1265,7 @@
               to_string(display->getId()).c_str());
 
         if (display->getActiveMode()->getId() == desiredActiveMode->mode->getId()) {
-            // display is not valid or we are already in the requested mode
-            // on both cases there is nothing left to do
+            // we are already in the requested mode, there is nothing left to do
             desiredActiveModeChangeDone(display);
             continue;
         }
@@ -1266,7 +1276,7 @@
         const auto displayModeAllowed =
                 display->refreshRateConfigs().isModeAllowed(desiredActiveMode->mode->getId());
         if (!displayModeAllowed) {
-            desiredActiveModeChangeDone(display);
+            clearDesiredActiveModeState(display);
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -1286,13 +1296,31 @@
         }
         mScheduler->onNewVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline(outTimeline);
 
-        // Scheduler will submit an empty frame to HWC if needed.
-        mSetActiveModePending = true;
+        if (outTimeline.refreshRequired) {
+            // Scheduler will submit an empty frame to HWC.
+            mSetActiveModePending = true;
+        } else {
+            // Updating the internal state should be done outside the loop,
+            // because it can recreate a DisplayDevice and modify mDisplays
+            // which will invalidate the iterator.
+            displayToUpdateImmediately = display->getPhysicalId();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (displayToUpdateImmediately) {
+        updateInternalStateWithChangedMode();
+
+        const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(*displayToUpdateImmediately);
+        const auto desiredActiveMode = display->getDesiredActiveMode();
+        if (desiredActiveMode &&
+            display->getActiveMode()->getId() == desiredActiveMode->mode->getId()) {
+            desiredActiveModeChangeDone(display);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::disableExpensiveRendering() {
-    schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
         ATRACE_CALL();
         if (mPowerAdvisor.isUsingExpensiveRendering()) {
             const auto& displays = ON_MAIN_THREAD(mDisplays);
@@ -1301,18 +1329,20 @@
                 mPowerAdvisor.setExpensiveRenderingExpected(display->getId(), kDisable);
             }
         }
-    }).wait();
+    });
+
+    future.wait();
 }
 
-std::vector<ColorMode> SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayColorModes(PhysicalDisplayId displayId) {
-    auto modes = getHwComposer().getColorModes(displayId);
-    bool isInternalDisplay = displayId == getInternalDisplayIdLocked();
+std::vector<ColorMode> SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayColorModes(const DisplayDevice& display) {
+    auto modes = getHwComposer().getColorModes(display.getPhysicalId());
 
-    // If it's built-in display and the configuration claims it's not wide color capable,
+    // If the display is internal and the configuration claims it's not wide color capable,
     // filter out all wide color modes. The typical reason why this happens is that the
     // hardware is not good enough to support GPU composition of wide color, and thus the
     // OEMs choose to disable this capability.
-    if (isInternalDisplay && !hasWideColorDisplay) {
+    if (display.getConnectionType() == ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal &&
+        !hasWideColorDisplay) {
         const auto newEnd = std::remove_if(modes.begin(), modes.end(), isWideColorMode);
         modes.erase(newEnd, modes.end());
     }
@@ -1336,54 +1366,63 @@
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setActiveColorMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, ColorMode mode) {
-    schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
-        const auto displayId = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken);
-        if (!displayId) {
-            ALOGE("Invalid display token %p", displayToken.get());
-            return;
-        }
-        const auto modes = getDisplayColorModes(*displayId);
-        bool exists = std::find(std::begin(modes), std::end(modes), mode) != std::end(modes);
-        if (mode < ColorMode::NATIVE || !exists) {
-            ALOGE("Attempt to set invalid active color mode %s (%d) for display token %p",
-                  decodeColorMode(mode).c_str(), mode, displayToken.get());
-            return;
-        }
+    if (!displayToken) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD -> status_t {
         const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken);
         if (!display) {
             ALOGE("Attempt to set active color mode %s (%d) for invalid display token %p",
                   decodeColorMode(mode).c_str(), mode, displayToken.get());
-        } else if (display->isVirtual()) {
+            return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+        }
+
+        if (display->isVirtual()) {
             ALOGW("Attempt to set active color mode %s (%d) for virtual display",
                   decodeColorMode(mode).c_str(), mode);
-        } else {
-            display->getCompositionDisplay()->setColorProfile(
-                    compositionengine::Output::ColorProfile{mode, Dataspace::UNKNOWN,
-                                                            RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC,
-                                                            Dataspace::UNKNOWN});
+            return INVALID_OPERATION;
         }
-    }).wait();
 
+        const auto modes = getDisplayColorModes(*display);
+        const bool exists = std::find(modes.begin(), modes.end(), mode) != modes.end();
+
+        if (mode < ColorMode::NATIVE || !exists) {
+            ALOGE("Attempt to set invalid active color mode %s (%d) for display token %p",
+                  decodeColorMode(mode).c_str(), mode, displayToken.get());
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        display->getCompositionDisplay()->setColorProfile(
+                {mode, Dataspace::UNKNOWN, RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC, Dataspace::UNKNOWN});
+
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    });
+
+    // TODO(b/195698395): Propagate error.
+    future.wait();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setAutoLowLatencyMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, bool on) {
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
+    const char* const whence = __func__;
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
         if (const auto displayId = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken)) {
             getHwComposer().setAutoLowLatencyMode(*displayId, on);
         } else {
-            ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", __FUNCTION__, displayToken.get());
+            ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", whence, displayToken.get());
         }
     }));
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setGameContentType(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, bool on) {
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
+    const char* const whence = __func__;
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
         if (const auto displayId = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken)) {
             const auto type = on ? hal::ContentType::GAME : hal::ContentType::NONE;
             getHwComposer().setContentType(*displayId, type);
         } else {
-            ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", __FUNCTION__, displayToken.get());
+            ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", whence, displayToken.get());
         }
     }));
 }
@@ -1442,17 +1481,18 @@
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
                                                           bool enable, uint8_t componentMask,
                                                           uint64_t maxFrames) {
-    return schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD -> status_t {
-               if (const auto displayId = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken)) {
-                   return getHwComposer().setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(*displayId, enable,
-                                                                           componentMask,
-                                                                           maxFrames);
-               } else {
-                   ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", __FUNCTION__, displayToken.get());
-                   return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
-               }
-           })
-            .get();
+    const char* const whence = __func__;
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD -> status_t {
+        if (const auto displayId = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken)) {
+            return getHwComposer().setDisplayContentSamplingEnabled(*displayId, enable,
+                                                                    componentMask, maxFrames);
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", whence, displayToken.get());
+            return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+        }
+    });
+
+    return future.get();
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayedContentSample(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
@@ -1494,14 +1534,15 @@
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::enableVSyncInjections(bool enable) {
-    schedule([=] {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=] {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
 
         if (const auto handle = mScheduler->enableVSyncInjection(enable)) {
-            mEventQueue->setInjector(enable ? mScheduler->getEventConnection(handle) : nullptr);
+            mScheduler->setInjector(enable ? mScheduler->getEventConnection(handle) : nullptr);
         }
-    }).wait();
+    });
 
+    future.wait();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -1517,12 +1558,14 @@
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getLayerDebugInfo(std::vector<LayerDebugInfo>* outLayers) {
     outLayers->clear();
-    schedule([=] {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=] {
         const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
         mDrawingState.traverseInZOrder([&](Layer* layer) {
             outLayers->push_back(layer->getLayerDebugInfo(display.get()));
         });
-    }).wait();
+    });
+
+    future.wait();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -1617,7 +1660,8 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    return ftl::chain(schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
+    const char* const whence = __func__;
+    return ftl::chain(mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
                if (const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken)) {
                    if (enableSdrDimming) {
                        display->getCompositionDisplay()
@@ -1627,7 +1671,7 @@
                    return getHwComposer().setDisplayBrightness(display->getPhysicalId(),
                                                                brightness.displayBrightness);
                } else {
-                   ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", __FUNCTION__, displayToken.get());
+                   ALOGE("%s: Invalid display token %p", whence, displayToken.get());
                    return ftl::yield<status_t>(NAME_NOT_FOUND);
                }
            }))
@@ -1683,7 +1727,7 @@
     Boost powerBoost = static_cast<Boost>(boostId);
 
     if (powerBoost == Boost::INTERACTION) {
-        mScheduler->notifyTouchEvent();
+        mScheduler->onTouchHint();
     }
 
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -1700,21 +1744,26 @@
     return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle, eventRegistration);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction() {
-    mScheduler->resetIdleTimer();
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleCommit(FrameHint hint) {
+    if (hint == FrameHint::kActive) {
+        mScheduler->resetIdleTimer();
+    }
     mPowerAdvisor.notifyDisplayUpdateImminent();
-    mEventQueue->invalidate();
+    mScheduler->scheduleFrame();
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::signalLayerUpdate() {
-    mScheduler->resetIdleTimer();
-    mPowerAdvisor.notifyDisplayUpdateImminent();
-    mEventQueue->invalidate();
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleComposite(FrameHint hint) {
+    mMustComposite = true;
+    scheduleCommit(hint);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::signalRefresh() {
-    mRefreshPending = true;
-    mEventQueue->refresh();
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleRepaint() {
+    mGeometryDirty = true;
+    scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kActive);
+}
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleSample() {
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([this] { sample(); }));
 }
 
 nsecs_t SurfaceFlinger::getVsyncPeriodFromHWC() const {
@@ -1727,7 +1776,15 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onComposerHalVsync(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId, int64_t timestamp,
                                         std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodNanos> vsyncPeriod) {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
+    const std::string tracePeriod = [vsyncPeriod]() {
+        if (ATRACE_ENABLED() && vsyncPeriod) {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "(" << *vsyncPeriod << ")";
+            return ss.str();
+        }
+        return std::string();
+    }();
+    ATRACE_FORMAT("onComposerHalVsync%s", tracePeriod.c_str());
 
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
     const auto displayId = getHwComposer().toPhysicalDisplayId(hwcDisplayId);
@@ -1760,28 +1817,10 @@
     *compositorTiming = getBE().mCompositorTiming;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::changeRefreshRateLocked(const RefreshRate& refreshRate,
-                                             Scheduler::ModeEvent event) {
-    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
-    if (!display || mBootStage != BootStage::FINISHED) {
-        return;
-    }
-    ATRACE_CALL();
-
-    // Don't do any updating if the current fps is the same as the new one.
-    if (!display->refreshRateConfigs().isModeAllowed(refreshRate.getModeId())) {
-        ALOGV("Skipping mode %d as it is not part of allowed modes",
-              refreshRate.getModeId().value());
-        return;
-    }
-
-    setDesiredActiveMode({refreshRate.getMode(), event});
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::onComposerHalHotplug(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId,
                                           hal::Connection connection) {
-    ALOGI("%s(%" PRIu64 ", %s)", __func__, hwcDisplayId,
-          connection == hal::Connection::CONNECTED ? "connected" : "disconnected");
+    const bool connected = connection == hal::Connection::CONNECTED;
+    ALOGI("%s HAL display %" PRIu64, connected ? "Connecting" : "Disconnecting", hwcDisplayId);
 
     // Only lock if we're not on the main thread. This function is normally
     // called on a hwbinder thread, but for the primary display it's called on
@@ -1812,14 +1851,14 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onComposerHalRefresh(hal::HWDisplayId) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-    repaintEverythingForHWC();
+    scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kNone);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setVsyncEnabled(bool enabled) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     // On main thread to avoid race conditions with display power state.
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
         mHWCVsyncPendingState = enabled ? hal::Vsync::ENABLE : hal::Vsync::DISABLE;
 
         if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
@@ -1867,40 +1906,26 @@
                                                           : stats.vsyncTime + stats.vsyncPeriod;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageReceived(int32_t what, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime) {
-    switch (what) {
-        case MessageQueue::INVALIDATE: {
-            onMessageInvalidate(vsyncId, expectedVSyncTime);
-            break;
-        }
-        case MessageQueue::REFRESH: {
-            onMessageRefresh();
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime) {
-    const nsecs_t frameStart = systemTime();
+bool SurfaceFlinger::commit(nsecs_t frameTime, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) {
     // calculate the expected present time once and use the cached
     // value throughout this frame to make sure all layers are
     // seeing this same value.
-    if (expectedVSyncTime >= frameStart) {
-        mExpectedPresentTime = expectedVSyncTime;
+    if (expectedVsyncTime >= frameTime) {
+        mExpectedPresentTime = expectedVsyncTime;
     } else {
-        const DisplayStatInfo stats = mScheduler->getDisplayStatInfo(frameStart);
+        const DisplayStatInfo stats = mScheduler->getDisplayStatInfo(frameTime);
         mExpectedPresentTime = calculateExpectedPresentTime(stats);
     }
 
     const nsecs_t lastScheduledPresentTime = mScheduledPresentTime;
-    mScheduledPresentTime = expectedVSyncTime;
+    mScheduledPresentTime = expectedVsyncTime;
 
     const auto vsyncIn = [&] {
         if (!ATRACE_ENABLED()) return 0.f;
         return (mExpectedPresentTime - systemTime()) / 1e6f;
     }();
-    ATRACE_FORMAT("onMessageInvalidate %" PRId64 " vsyncIn %.2fms%s", vsyncId, vsyncIn,
-                  mExpectedPresentTime == expectedVSyncTime ? "" : " (adjusted)");
+    ATRACE_FORMAT("%s %" PRId64 " vsyncIn %.2fms%s", __func__, vsyncId, vsyncIn,
+                  mExpectedPresentTime == expectedVsyncTime ? "" : " (adjusted)");
 
     // When Backpressure propagation is enabled we want to give a small grace period
     // for the present fence to fire instead of just giving up on this frame to handle cases
@@ -1947,59 +1972,72 @@
     }
 
     // If we are in the middle of a mode change and the fence hasn't
-    // fired yet just wait for the next invalidate
+    // fired yet just wait for the next commit.
     if (mSetActiveModePending) {
         if (framePending) {
-            mEventQueue->invalidate();
-            return;
+            mScheduler->scheduleFrame();
+            return false;
         }
 
         // We received the present fence from the HWC, so we assume it successfully updated
         // the mode, hence we update SF.
         mSetActiveModePending = false;
-        ON_MAIN_THREAD(setActiveModeInternal());
+        ON_MAIN_THREAD(updateInternalStateWithChangedMode());
     }
 
     if (framePending) {
         if ((hwcFrameMissed && !gpuFrameMissed) || mPropagateBackpressureClientComposition) {
-            signalLayerUpdate();
-            return;
+            scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kNone);
+            return false;
         }
     }
 
     if (mTracingEnabledChanged) {
-        mTracingEnabled = mTracing.isEnabled();
+        mLayerTracingEnabled = mLayerTracing.isEnabled();
         mTracingEnabledChanged = false;
     }
 
     if (mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner) {
-        if (Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-            const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
-            if (display) {
-                display->onInvalidate();
-            } else {
-                ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
-            }
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+        if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
+            display->animateRefreshRateOverlay();
         }
     }
 
-    bool refreshNeeded;
+    // Composite if transactions were committed, or if requested by HWC.
+    bool mustComposite = mMustComposite.exchange(false);
     {
-        mTracePostComposition = mTracing.flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) ||
-                mTracing.flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_SYNC) ||
-                mTracing.flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_BUFFERS);
-        const bool tracePreComposition = mTracingEnabled && !mTracePostComposition;
-        ConditionalLockGuard<std::mutex> lock(mTracingLock, tracePreComposition);
+        mFrameTimeline->setSfWakeUp(vsyncId, frameTime, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(stats.vsyncPeriod));
 
-        mFrameTimeline->setSfWakeUp(vsyncId, frameStart, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(stats.vsyncPeriod));
-
-        refreshNeeded = handleMessageTransaction();
-        refreshNeeded |= handleMessageInvalidate();
-        if (tracePreComposition) {
-            if (mVisibleRegionsDirty) {
-                mTracing.notifyLocked("visibleRegionsDirty");
-            }
+        bool needsTraversal = false;
+        if (clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded)) {
+            needsTraversal = flushTransactionQueues(vsyncId);
         }
+
+        const bool shouldCommit =
+                (getTransactionFlags() & ~eTransactionFlushNeeded) || needsTraversal;
+        if (shouldCommit) {
+            commitTransactions();
+        }
+
+        if (transactionFlushNeeded()) {
+            setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
+        }
+
+        mustComposite |= shouldCommit;
+        mustComposite |= latchBuffers();
+
+        // This has to be called after latchBuffers because we want to include the layers that have
+        // been latched in the commit callback
+        if (!needsTraversal) {
+            // Invoke empty transaction callbacks early.
+            mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks(false /* onCommitOnly */);
+        } else {
+            // Invoke OnCommit callbacks.
+            mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks(true /* onCommitOnly */);
+        }
+
+        updateLayerGeometry();
     }
 
     // Layers need to get updated (in the previous line) before we can use them for
@@ -2011,59 +2049,17 @@
         mScheduler->chooseRefreshRateForContent();
     }
 
-    ON_MAIN_THREAD(performSetActiveMode());
+    ON_MAIN_THREAD(setActiveModeInHwcIfNeeded());
 
     updateCursorAsync();
     updateInputFlinger();
 
-    refreshNeeded |= mRepaintEverything;
-    if (refreshNeeded && CC_LIKELY(mBootStage != BootStage::BOOTLOADER)) {
-        // Signal a refresh if a transaction modified the window state,
-        // a new buffer was latched, or if HWC has requested a full
-        // repaint
-        if (mFrameStartTime <= 0) {
-            // We should only use the time of the first invalidate
-            // message that signals a refresh as the beginning of the
-            // frame. Otherwise the real frame time will be
-            // underestimated.
-            mFrameStartTime = frameStart;
-        }
-
-        // Run the refresh immediately after invalidate as there is no point going thru the message
-        // queue again, and to ensure that we actually refresh the screen instead of handling
-        // other messages that were queued us already in the MessageQueue.
-        mRefreshPending = true;
-        onMessageRefresh();
-    }
-    notifyRegionSamplingThread();
+    return mustComposite && CC_LIKELY(mBootStage != BootStage::BOOTLOADER);
 }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::handleMessageTransaction() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::composite(nsecs_t frameTime) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    if (getTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded)) {
-        flushTransactionQueues();
-    }
-    uint32_t transactionFlags = peekTransactionFlags();
-    bool runHandleTransaction =
-            ((transactionFlags & (~eTransactionFlushNeeded)) != 0) || mForceTraversal;
-
-    if (runHandleTransaction) {
-        handleTransaction(eTransactionMask);
-    }
-
-    if (transactionFlushNeeded()) {
-        setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
-    }
-
-    return runHandleTransaction;
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageRefresh() {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
-
-    mRefreshPending = false;
-
     compositionengine::CompositionRefreshArgs refreshArgs;
     const auto& displays = ON_MAIN_THREAD(mDisplays);
     refreshArgs.outputs.reserve(displays.size());
@@ -2080,7 +2076,6 @@
             refreshArgs.layersWithQueuedFrames.push_back(layerFE);
     }
 
-    refreshArgs.repaintEverything = mRepaintEverything.exchange(false);
     refreshArgs.outputColorSetting = useColorManagement
             ? mDisplayColorSetting
             : compositionengine::OutputColorSetting::kUnmanaged;
@@ -2088,7 +2083,7 @@
     refreshArgs.forceOutputColorMode = mForceColorMode;
 
     refreshArgs.updatingOutputGeometryThisFrame = mVisibleRegionsDirty;
-    refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame = mGeometryInvalid || mVisibleRegionsDirty;
+    refreshArgs.updatingGeometryThisFrame = mGeometryDirty.exchange(false) || mVisibleRegionsDirty;
     refreshArgs.blursAreExpensive = mBlursAreExpensive;
     refreshArgs.internalDisplayRotationFlags = DisplayDevice::getPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags();
 
@@ -2097,31 +2092,27 @@
         mDrawingState.colorMatrixChanged = false;
     }
 
-    refreshArgs.devOptForceClientComposition = mDebugDisableHWC || mDebugRegion;
+    refreshArgs.devOptForceClientComposition = mDebugDisableHWC;
 
-    if (mDebugRegion != 0) {
-        refreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay =
-                std::chrono::milliseconds(mDebugRegion > 1 ? mDebugRegion : 0);
+    if (mDebugFlashDelay != 0) {
+        refreshArgs.devOptForceClientComposition = true;
+        refreshArgs.devOptFlashDirtyRegionsDelay = std::chrono::milliseconds(mDebugFlashDelay);
     }
 
     const auto prevVsyncTime = mScheduler->getPreviousVsyncFrom(mExpectedPresentTime);
     const auto hwcMinWorkDuration = mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs().hwcMinWorkDuration;
     refreshArgs.earliestPresentTime = prevVsyncTime - hwcMinWorkDuration;
     refreshArgs.previousPresentFence = mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime;
-    refreshArgs.nextInvalidateTime = mEventQueue->nextExpectedInvalidate();
-
-    mGeometryInvalid = false;
+    refreshArgs.scheduledFrameTime = mScheduler->getScheduledFrameTime();
 
     // Store the present time just before calling to the composition engine so we could notify
     // the scheduler.
     const auto presentTime = systemTime();
 
     mCompositionEngine->present(refreshArgs);
-    mTimeStats->recordFrameDuration(mFrameStartTime, systemTime());
-    // Reset the frame start time now that we've recorded this frame.
-    mFrameStartTime = 0;
+    mTimeStats->recordFrameDuration(frameTime, systemTime());
 
-    mScheduler->onDisplayRefreshed(presentTime);
+    mScheduler->onPostComposition(presentTime);
 
     postFrame();
     postComposition();
@@ -2151,12 +2142,12 @@
     modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onDisplayRefresh, usedGpuComposition);
 
     mLayersWithQueuedFrames.clear();
-    if (mTracingEnabled && mTracePostComposition) {
-        // This may block if SurfaceTracing is running in sync mode.
+    if (mLayerTracingEnabled) {
+        // This will block and should only be used for debugging.
         if (mVisibleRegionsDirty) {
-            mTracing.notify("visibleRegionsDirty");
-        } else if (mTracing.flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_BUFFERS)) {
-            mTracing.notify("bufferLatched");
+            mLayerTracing.notify("visibleRegionsDirty");
+        } else if (mLayerTracing.flagIsSet(LayerTracing::TRACE_BUFFERS)) {
+            mLayerTracing.notify("bufferLatched");
         }
     }
 
@@ -2164,16 +2155,12 @@
     mVisibleRegionsDirty = false;
 
     if (mCompositionEngine->needsAnotherUpdate()) {
-        signalLayerUpdate();
+        scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::handleMessageInvalidate() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::updateLayerGeometry() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    bool refreshNeeded = handlePageFlip();
-
-    // Send on commit callbacks
-    mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks();
 
     if (mVisibleRegionsDirty) {
         computeLayerBounds();
@@ -2185,7 +2172,6 @@
         invalidateLayerStack(layer, visibleReg);
     }
     mLayersPendingRefresh.clear();
-    return refreshNeeded;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updateCompositorTiming(const DisplayStatInfo& stats, nsecs_t compositeTime,
@@ -2294,13 +2280,9 @@
     }
 
     for (const auto& layer: mLayersWithQueuedFrames) {
-        const bool frameLatched =
-                layer->onPostComposition(display, glCompositionDoneFenceTime,
-                                         mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime, compositorTiming);
+        layer->onPostComposition(display, glCompositionDoneFenceTime,
+                                 mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime, compositorTiming);
         layer->releasePendingBuffer(/*dequeueReadyTime*/ now);
-        if (frameLatched) {
-            recordBufferingStats(layer->getName(), layer->getOccupancyHistory(false));
-        }
     }
 
     std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<compositionengine::Display>, sp<HdrLayerInfoReporter>>>
@@ -2333,7 +2315,7 @@
             int32_t maxArea = 0;
             mDrawingState.traverse([&, compositionDisplay = compositionDisplay](Layer* layer) {
                 const auto layerFe = layer->getCompositionEngineLayerFE();
-                if (layer->isVisible() && compositionDisplay->belongsInOutput(layerFe)) {
+                if (layer->isVisible() && compositionDisplay->includesLayer(layerFe)) {
                     const Dataspace transfer =
                         static_cast<Dataspace>(layer->getDataSpace() & Dataspace::TRANSFER_MASK);
                     const bool isHdr = (transfer == Dataspace::TRANSFER_ST2084 ||
@@ -2363,7 +2345,8 @@
     mVisibleRegionsWereDirtyThisFrame = false;
 
     mTransactionCallbackInvoker.addPresentFence(mPreviousPresentFences[0].fence);
-    mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks();
+    mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks(false /* onCommitOnly */);
+    mTransactionCallbackInvoker.clearCompletedTransactions();
 
     if (display && display->isInternal() && display->getPowerMode() == hal::PowerMode::ON &&
         mPreviousPresentFences[0].fenceTime->isValid()) {
@@ -2495,29 +2478,26 @@
     }
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::handleTransaction(uint32_t transactionFlags) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::commitTransactions() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    // here we keep a copy of the drawing state (that is the state that's
-    // going to be overwritten by handleTransactionLocked()) outside of
-    // mStateLock so that the side-effects of the State assignment
-    // don't happen with mStateLock held (which can cause deadlocks).
+    // Keep a copy of the drawing state (that is going to be overwritten
+    // by commitTransactionsLocked) outside of mStateLock so that the side
+    // effects of the State assignment don't happen with mStateLock held,
+    // which can cause deadlocks.
     State drawingState(mDrawingState);
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
     mDebugInTransaction = systemTime();
 
     // Here we're guaranteed that some transaction flags are set
-    // so we can call handleTransactionLocked() unconditionally.
-    // We call getTransactionFlags(), which will also clear the flags,
-    // with mStateLock held to guarantee that mCurrentState won't change
-    // until the transaction is committed.
+    // so we can call commitTransactionsLocked unconditionally.
+    // We clear the flags with mStateLock held to guarantee that
+    // mCurrentState won't change until the transaction is committed.
     modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::onTransactionCommit);
-    transactionFlags = getTransactionFlags(eTransactionMask);
-    handleTransactionLocked(transactionFlags);
+    commitTransactionsLocked(clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionMask));
 
     mDebugInTransaction = 0;
-    // here the transaction has been committed
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::loadDisplayModes(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, DisplayModes& outModes,
@@ -2754,6 +2734,7 @@
     display->setProjection(state.orientation, state.layerStackSpaceRect,
                            state.orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
     display->setDisplayName(state.displayName);
+    display->setFlags(state.flags);
 
     return display;
 }
@@ -2784,14 +2765,12 @@
     compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgsBuilder builder;
     if (const auto& physical = state.physical) {
         builder.setId(physical->id);
-        builder.setConnectionType(physical->type);
     } else {
         builder.setId(acquireVirtualDisplay(resolution, pixelFormat));
     }
 
     builder.setPixels(resolution);
     builder.setIsSecure(state.isSecure);
-    builder.setLayerStackId(state.layerStack);
     builder.setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor);
     builder.setName(state.displayName);
     auto compositionDisplay = getCompositionEngine().createDisplay(builder.build());
@@ -2851,7 +2830,7 @@
     mDisplays.erase(displayToken);
 
     if (display && display->isVirtual()) {
-        static_cast<void>(schedule([display = std::move(display)] {
+        static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([display = std::move(display)] {
             // Destroy the display without holding the mStateLock.
             // This is a temporary solution until we can manage transaction queues without
             // holding the mStateLock.
@@ -2897,7 +2876,7 @@
             setPowerModeInternal(display, hal::PowerMode::ON);
 
             // TODO(b/175678251) Call a listener instead.
-            if (currentState.physical->hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId()) {
+            if (currentState.physical->hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getPrimaryHwcDisplayId()) {
                 updateInternalDisplayVsyncLocked(display);
             }
         }
@@ -2977,14 +2956,13 @@
     mDrawingState.displays = mCurrentState.displays;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::handleTransactionLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) {
-    // Commit display transactions
+void SurfaceFlinger::commitTransactionsLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) {
+    // Commit display transactions.
     const bool displayTransactionNeeded = transactionFlags & eDisplayTransactionNeeded;
     if (displayTransactionNeeded) {
         processDisplayChangesLocked();
         processDisplayHotplugEventsLocked();
     }
-    mForceTraversal = false;
     mForceTransactionDisplayChange = displayTransactionNeeded;
 
     if (mSomeChildrenChanged) {
@@ -2992,18 +2970,9 @@
         mSomeChildrenChanged = false;
     }
 
-    // Update transform hint
+    // Update transform hint.
     if (transactionFlags & (eTransformHintUpdateNeeded | eDisplayTransactionNeeded)) {
-        // The transform hint might have changed for some layers
-        // (either because a display has changed, or because a layer
-        // as changed).
-        //
-        // Walk through all the layers in currentLayers,
-        // and update their transform hint.
-        //
-        // If a layer is visible only on a single display, then that
-        // display is used to calculate the hint, otherwise we use the
-        // default display.
+        // Layers and/or displays have changed, so update the transform hint for each layer.
         //
         // NOTE: we do this here, rather than when presenting the display so that
         // the hint is set before we acquire a buffer from the surface texture.
@@ -3014,30 +2983,29 @@
         // (soon to become the drawing state list).
         //
         sp<const DisplayDevice> hintDisplay;
-        uint32_t currentlayerStack = 0;
-        bool first = true;
+        ui::LayerStack layerStack;
+
         mCurrentState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
             // NOTE: we rely on the fact that layers are sorted by
             // layerStack first (so we don't have to traverse the list
             // of displays for every layer).
-            uint32_t layerStack = layer->getLayerStack();
-            if (first || currentlayerStack != layerStack) {
-                currentlayerStack = layerStack;
-                // figure out if this layerstack is mirrored
-                // (more than one display) if so, pick the default display,
-                // if not, pick the only display it's on.
+            if (const auto filter = layer->getOutputFilter(); layerStack != filter.layerStack) {
+                layerStack = filter.layerStack;
                 hintDisplay = nullptr;
+
+                // Find the display that includes the layer.
                 for (const auto& [token, display] : mDisplays) {
-                    if (display->getCompositionDisplay()
-                                ->belongsInOutput(layer->getLayerStack(),
-                                                  layer->getPrimaryDisplayOnly())) {
-                        if (hintDisplay) {
-                            hintDisplay = nullptr;
-                            break;
-                        } else {
-                            hintDisplay = display;
-                        }
+                    if (!display->getCompositionDisplay()->includesLayer(filter)) {
+                        continue;
                     }
+
+                    // Pick the primary display if another display mirrors the layer.
+                    if (hintDisplay) {
+                        hintDisplay = nullptr;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    hintDisplay = display;
                 }
             }
 
@@ -3051,20 +3019,10 @@
                 hintDisplay = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
             }
 
-            // could be null if there is no display available at all to get
-            // the transform hint from.
-            if (hintDisplay) {
-                layer->updateTransformHint(hintDisplay->getTransformHint());
-            }
-
-            first = false;
+            layer->updateTransformHint(hintDisplay->getTransformHint());
         });
     }
 
-    /*
-     * Perform our own transaction if needed
-     */
-
     if (mLayersAdded) {
         mLayersAdded = false;
         // Layers have been added.
@@ -3086,7 +3044,9 @@
         });
     }
 
-    commitTransaction();
+    doCommitTransactions();
+    signalSynchronousTransactions(CountDownLatch::eSyncTransaction);
+    mAnimTransactionPending = false;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updateInputFlinger() {
@@ -3095,41 +3055,80 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    std::vector<WindowInfo> windowInfos;
+    std::vector<DisplayInfo> displayInfos;
+    bool updateWindowInfo = false;
     if (mVisibleRegionsDirty || mInputInfoChanged) {
         mInputInfoChanged = false;
-        notifyWindowInfos();
-    } else if (mInputWindowCommands.syncInputWindows) {
-        // If the caller requested to sync input windows, but there are no
-        // changes to input windows, notify immediately.
-        windowInfosReported();
+        updateWindowInfo = true;
+        buildWindowInfos(windowInfos, displayInfos);
     }
+    if (!updateWindowInfo && mInputWindowCommands.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().execute([updateWindowInfo,
+                                               windowInfos = std::move(windowInfos),
+                                               displayInfos = std::move(displayInfos),
+                                               inputWindowCommands =
+                                                       std::move(mInputWindowCommands),
+                                               inputFlinger = mInputFlinger, this]() {
+        ATRACE_NAME("BackgroundExecutor::updateInputFlinger");
+        if (updateWindowInfo) {
+            mWindowInfosListenerInvoker->windowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos,
+                                                            inputWindowCommands.syncInputWindows);
+        } else if (inputWindowCommands.syncInputWindows) {
+            // If the caller requested to sync input windows, but there are no
+            // changes to input windows, notify immediately.
+            windowInfosReported();
+        }
+        for (const auto& focusRequest : inputWindowCommands.focusRequests) {
+            inputFlinger->setFocusedWindow(focusRequest);
+        }
+    });
 
-    for (const auto& focusRequest : mInputWindowCommands.focusRequests) {
-        mInputFlinger->setFocusedWindow(focusRequest);
-    }
     mInputWindowCommands.clear();
 }
 
-bool enablePerWindowInputRotation() {
-    static bool value =
-            android::base::GetBoolProperty("persist.debug.per_window_input_rotation", false);
-    return value;
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::notifyWindowInfos() {
-    std::vector<WindowInfo> windowInfos;
+void SurfaceFlinger::buildWindowInfos(std::vector<WindowInfo>& outWindowInfos,
+                                      std::vector<DisplayInfo>& outDisplayInfos) {
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t /*layerStackId*/,
+                       std::pair<bool /* isSecure */, const ui::Transform>>
+            inputDisplayDetails;
+    for (const auto& [_, display] : ON_MAIN_THREAD(mDisplays)) {
+        if (!display->receivesInput()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const uint32_t layerStackId = display->getLayerStack().id;
+        const auto& [info, transform] = display->getInputInfo();
+        const auto& [it, emplaced] =
+                inputDisplayDetails.try_emplace(layerStackId, display->isSecure(), transform);
+        if (!emplaced) {
+            ALOGE("Multiple displays claim to accept input for the same layer stack: %u",
+                  layerStackId);
+            continue;
+        }
+        outDisplayInfos.emplace_back(info);
+    }
 
     mDrawingState.traverseInReverseZOrder([&](Layer* layer) {
         if (!layer->needsInputInfo()) return;
-        sp<DisplayDevice> display = enablePerWindowInputRotation()
-                ? ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDisplayWithInputByLayer(layer))
-                : nullptr;
-        // When calculating the screen bounds we ignore the transparent region since it may
-        // result in an unwanted offset.
-        windowInfos.push_back(layer->fillInputInfo(display));
+
+        bool isSecure = true;
+        ui::Transform displayTransform = ui::Transform();
+
+        const uint32_t layerStackId = layer->getLayerStack().id;
+        const auto it = inputDisplayDetails.find(layerStackId);
+        if (it != inputDisplayDetails.end()) {
+            const auto& [secure, transform] = it->second;
+            isSecure = secure;
+            displayTransform = transform;
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("No input-enabled display found for layer `%s` on layer stack id: %d",
+                  layer->getDebugName(), layerStackId);
+        }
+
+        outWindowInfos.push_back(layer->fillInputInfo(displayTransform, isSecure));
     });
-    mWindowInfosListenerInvoker->windowInfosChanged(windowInfos,
-                                                    mInputWindowCommands.syncInputWindows);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updateCursorAsync() {
@@ -3143,13 +3142,27 @@
     mCompositionEngine->updateCursorAsync(refreshArgs);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::changeRefreshRate(const RefreshRate& refreshRate, Scheduler::ModeEvent event) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::changeRefreshRate(const RefreshRate& refreshRate, DisplayModeEvent event) {
     // If this is called from the main thread mStateLock must be locked before
     // Currently the only way to call this function from the main thread is from
     // Scheduler::chooseRefreshRateForContent
 
     ConditionalLock lock(mStateLock, std::this_thread::get_id() != mMainThreadId);
-    changeRefreshRateLocked(refreshRate, event);
+
+    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
+    if (!display || mBootStage != BootStage::FINISHED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    // Don't do any updating if the current fps is the same as the new one.
+    if (!display->refreshRateConfigs().isModeAllowed(refreshRate.getModeId())) {
+        ALOGV("Skipping mode %d as it is not part of allowed modes",
+              refreshRate.getModeId().value());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    setDesiredActiveMode({refreshRate.getMode(), event});
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() {
@@ -3177,8 +3190,35 @@
     mVsyncConfiguration = getFactory().createVsyncConfiguration(currRefreshRate);
     mVsyncModulator = sp<VsyncModulator>::make(mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs());
 
-    // start the EventThread
-    mScheduler = getFactory().createScheduler(display->holdRefreshRateConfigs(), *this);
+    using Feature = scheduler::Feature;
+    scheduler::FeatureFlags features;
+
+    if (sysprop::use_content_detection_for_refresh_rate(false)) {
+        features |= Feature::kContentDetection;
+    }
+    if (base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.show_predicted_vsync"s, false)) {
+        features |= Feature::kTracePredictedVsync;
+    }
+    if (!base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.vsync_reactor_ignore_present_fences"s, false) &&
+        !getHwComposer().hasCapability(hal::Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE)) {
+        features |= Feature::kPresentFences;
+    }
+
+    mScheduler = std::make_unique<scheduler::Scheduler>(static_cast<ICompositor&>(*this),
+                                                        static_cast<ISchedulerCallback&>(*this),
+                                                        features);
+    {
+        auto configs = display->holdRefreshRateConfigs();
+        if (configs->supportsKernelIdleTimer()) {
+            features |= Feature::kKernelIdleTimer;
+        }
+
+        mScheduler->createVsyncSchedule(features);
+        mScheduler->setRefreshRateConfigs(std::move(configs));
+    }
+    setVsyncEnabled(false);
+    mScheduler->startTimers();
+
     const auto configs = mVsyncConfiguration->getCurrentConfigs();
     const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = currRefreshRate.getPeriodNsecs();
     mAppConnectionHandle =
@@ -3194,8 +3234,8 @@
                                              mInterceptor->saveVSyncEvent(timestamp);
                                          });
 
-    mEventQueue->initVsync(mScheduler->getVsyncDispatch(), *mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
-                           configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
+    mScheduler->initVsync(mScheduler->getVsyncDispatch(), *mFrameTimeline->getTokenManager(),
+                          configs.late.sfWorkDuration);
 
     mRegionSamplingThread =
             new RegionSamplingThread(*this, RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
@@ -3208,11 +3248,6 @@
     // classes from EventThread, and there should be no run-time binder cost
     // anyway since there are no connected apps at this point.
     mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getActiveMode());
-    static auto ignorePresentFences =
-            base::GetBoolProperty("debug.sf.vsync_reactor_ignore_present_fences"s, false);
-    mScheduler->setIgnorePresentFences(
-            ignorePresentFences ||
-            getHwComposer().hasCapability(hal::Capability::PRESENT_FENCE_IS_NOT_RELIABLE));
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::updatePhaseConfiguration(const Fps& refreshRate) {
@@ -3229,22 +3264,15 @@
     mScheduler->setDuration(mSfConnectionHandle,
                             /*workDuration=*/std::chrono::nanoseconds(vsyncPeriod),
                             /*readyDuration=*/config.sfWorkDuration);
-    mEventQueue->setDuration(config.sfWorkDuration);
+    mScheduler->setDuration(config.sfWorkDuration);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::commitTransaction() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::doCommitTransactions() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    commitTransactionLocked();
-    signalSynchronousTransactions(CountDownLatch::eSyncTransaction);
-    mAnimTransactionPending = false;
-}
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::commitTransactionLocked() {
     if (!mLayersPendingRemoval.isEmpty()) {
         // Notify removed layers now that they can't be drawn from
         for (const auto& l : mLayersPendingRemoval) {
-            recordBufferingStats(l->getName(), l->getOccupancyHistory(true));
-
             // Ensure any buffers set to display on any children are released.
             if (l->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
                 l->latchAndReleaseBuffer();
@@ -3283,11 +3311,10 @@
 void SurfaceFlinger::commitOffscreenLayers() {
     for (Layer* offscreenLayer : mOffscreenLayers) {
         offscreenLayer->traverse(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing, [](Layer* layer) {
-            uint32_t trFlags = layer->getTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-            if (!trFlags) return;
-
-            layer->doTransaction(0);
-            layer->commitChildList();
+            if (layer->clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded)) {
+                layer->doTransaction(0);
+                layer->commitChildList();
+            }
         });
     }
 }
@@ -3295,17 +3322,16 @@
 void SurfaceFlinger::invalidateLayerStack(const sp<const Layer>& layer, const Region& dirty) {
     for (const auto& [token, displayDevice] : ON_MAIN_THREAD(mDisplays)) {
         auto display = displayDevice->getCompositionDisplay();
-        if (display->belongsInOutput(layer->getLayerStack(), layer->getPrimaryDisplayOnly())) {
+        if (display->includesLayer(layer->getOutputFilter())) {
             display->editState().dirtyRegion.orSelf(dirty);
         }
     }
 }
 
-bool SurfaceFlinger::handlePageFlip() {
+bool SurfaceFlinger::latchBuffers() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    ALOGV("handlePageFlip");
 
-    nsecs_t latchTime = systemTime();
+    const nsecs_t latchTime = systemTime();
 
     bool visibleRegions = false;
     bool frameQueued = false;
@@ -3323,14 +3349,14 @@
     // Display is now waiting on Layer 1's frame, which is behind layer 0's
     // second frame. But layer 0's second frame could be waiting on display.
     mDrawingState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) {
-         uint32_t trFlags = layer->getTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-         if (trFlags || mForceTransactionDisplayChange) {
-             const uint32_t flags = layer->doTransaction(0);
-             if (flags & Layer::eVisibleRegion)
-                 mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
-         }
+        if (layer->clearTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded) || mForceTransactionDisplayChange) {
+            const uint32_t flags = layer->doTransaction(0);
+            if (flags & Layer::eVisibleRegion) {
+                mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
+            }
+        }
 
-         if (layer->hasReadyFrame()) {
+        if (layer->hasReadyFrame()) {
             frameQueued = true;
             if (layer->shouldPresentNow(expectedPresentTime)) {
                 mLayersWithQueuedFrames.emplace(layer);
@@ -3338,7 +3364,7 @@
                 ATRACE_NAME("!layer->shouldPresentNow()");
                 layer->useEmptyDamage();
             }
-         } else {
+        } else {
             layer->useEmptyDamage();
         }
     });
@@ -3374,7 +3400,7 @@
     // queued frame that shouldn't be displayed during this vsync period, wake
     // up during the next vsync period to check again.
     if (frameQueued && (mLayersWithQueuedFrames.empty() || !newDataLatched)) {
-        signalLayerUpdate();
+        scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kNone);
     }
 
     // enter boot animation on first buffer latch
@@ -3391,26 +3417,16 @@
     return !mLayersWithQueuedFrames.empty() && newDataLatched;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::invalidateHwcGeometry() {
-    mGeometryInvalid = true;
-}
-
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::addClientLayer(const sp<Client>& client, const sp<IBinder>& handle,
-                                        const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& gbc, const sp<Layer>& lbc,
-                                        const sp<IBinder>& parentHandle,
-                                        const sp<Layer>& parentLayer, bool addToRoot,
-                                        uint32_t* outTransformHint) {
+                                        const sp<Layer>& lbc, const wp<Layer>& parent,
+                                        bool addToRoot, uint32_t* outTransformHint) {
     if (mNumLayers >= ISurfaceComposer::MAX_LAYERS) {
         ALOGE("AddClientLayer failed, mNumLayers (%zu) >= MAX_LAYERS (%zu)", mNumLayers.load(),
               ISurfaceComposer::MAX_LAYERS);
         return NO_MEMORY;
     }
 
-    wp<IBinder> initialProducer;
-    if (gbc != nullptr) {
-        initialProducer = IInterface::asBinder(gbc);
-    }
-    setLayerCreatedState(handle, lbc, parentHandle, parentLayer, initialProducer, addToRoot);
+    setLayerCreatedState(handle, lbc, parent, addToRoot);
 
     // Create a transaction includes the initial parent and producer.
     Vector<ComposerState> states;
@@ -3426,68 +3442,66 @@
         *outTransformHint = mActiveDisplayTransformHint;
     }
     // attach this layer to the client
-    client->attachLayer(handle, lbc);
+    if (client != nullptr) {
+        client->attachLayer(handle, lbc);
+    }
 
+    int64_t transactionId = (((int64_t)mPid) << 32) | mUniqueTransactionId++;
     return setTransactionState(FrameTimelineInfo{}, states, displays, 0 /* flags */, nullptr,
                                InputWindowCommands{}, -1 /* desiredPresentTime */,
                                true /* isAutoTimestamp */, {}, false /* hasListenerCallbacks */, {},
-                               0 /* Undefined transactionId */);
+                               transactionId);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::removeGraphicBufferProducerAsync(const wp<IBinder>& binder) {
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=] {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        mGraphicBufferProducerList.erase(binder);
-    }));
-}
-
-uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::peekTransactionFlags() {
+uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::getTransactionFlags() const {
     return mTransactionFlags;
 }
 
-uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::getTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags) {
-    return mTransactionFlags.fetch_and(~flags) & flags;
+uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::clearTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask) {
+    return mTransactionFlags.fetch_and(~mask) & mask;
 }
 
-uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags) {
-    return setTransactionFlags(flags, TransactionSchedule::Late);
+uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask) {
+    return setTransactionFlags(mask, TransactionSchedule::Late);
 }
 
-uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags, TransactionSchedule schedule,
-                                             const sp<IBinder>& token) {
-    uint32_t old = mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(flags);
-    modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::setTransactionSchedule, schedule, token);
-    if ((old & flags) == 0) signalTransaction();
+uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask, TransactionSchedule schedule,
+                                             const sp<IBinder>& applyToken) {
+    const uint32_t old = mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(mask);
+    modulateVsync(&VsyncModulator::setTransactionSchedule, schedule, applyToken);
+    if ((old & mask) == 0) scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kActive);
     return old;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::setTraversalNeeded() {
-    mForceTraversal = true;
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::flushTransactionQueues() {
+bool SurfaceFlinger::flushTransactionQueues(int64_t vsyncId) {
     // to prevent onHandleDestroyed from being called while the lock is held,
     // we must keep a copy of the transactions (specifically the composer
     // states) around outside the scope of the lock
-    std::vector<const TransactionState> transactions;
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
     // Layer handles that have transactions with buffers that are ready to be applied.
     std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, ISurfaceComposer::SpHash<IBinder>> bufferLayersReadyToPresent;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
         {
             Mutex::Autolock _l(mQueueLock);
+            // allowLatchUnsignaled acts as a filter condition when latch unsignaled is either auto
+            // or always. auto: in this case we let buffer latch unsignaled if we have only one
+            // applyToken and if only first transaction is latch unsignaled. If more than one
+            // applyToken we don't latch unsignaled.
+            bool allowLatchUnsignaled = allowedLatchUnsignaled();
+            bool isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied = false;
             // Collect transactions from pending transaction queue.
             auto it = mPendingTransactionQueues.begin();
             while (it != mPendingTransactionQueues.end()) {
                 auto& [applyToken, transactionQueue] = *it;
-
                 while (!transactionQueue.empty()) {
                     auto& transaction = transactionQueue.front();
                     if (!transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(transaction.frameTimelineInfo,
                                                        transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
                                                        transaction.desiredPresentTime,
                                                        transaction.originUid, transaction.states,
-                                                       bufferLayersReadyToPresent)) {
+                                                       bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
+                                                       allowLatchUnsignaled)) {
                         setTransactionFlags(eTransactionFlushNeeded);
                         break;
                     }
@@ -3496,6 +3510,14 @@
                     });
                     transactions.emplace_back(std::move(transaction));
                     transactionQueue.pop();
+                    if (allowLatchUnsignaled &&
+                        enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto) {
+                        // if allowLatchUnsignaled && we are in LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto
+                        // then we should have only one applyToken for processing.
+                        // so we can stop further transactions on this applyToken.
+                        isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
 
                 if (transactionQueue.empty()) {
@@ -3507,48 +3529,123 @@
             }
 
             // Collect transactions from current transaction queue or queue to pending transactions.
-            // Case 1: push to pending when transactionIsReadyToBeApplied is false.
+            // Case 1: push to pending when transactionIsReadyToBeApplied is false
+            // or the first transaction was unsignaled.
             // Case 2: push to pending when there exist a pending queue.
-            // Case 3: others are ready to apply.
+            // Case 3: others are the transactions that are ready to apply.
             while (!mTransactionQueue.empty()) {
                 auto& transaction = mTransactionQueue.front();
                 bool pendingTransactions = mPendingTransactionQueues.find(transaction.applyToken) !=
                         mPendingTransactionQueues.end();
-                if (pendingTransactions ||
+                if (isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied || pendingTransactions ||
                     !transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(transaction.frameTimelineInfo,
                                                    transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
                                                    transaction.desiredPresentTime,
                                                    transaction.originUid, transaction.states,
-                                                   bufferLayersReadyToPresent)) {
+                                                   bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
+                                                   allowLatchUnsignaled)) {
                     mPendingTransactionQueues[transaction.applyToken].push(std::move(transaction));
                 } else {
                     transaction.traverseStatesWithBuffers([&](const layer_state_t& state) {
                         bufferLayersReadyToPresent.insert(state.surface);
                     });
                     transactions.emplace_back(std::move(transaction));
+                    if (allowLatchUnsignaled &&
+                        enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto) {
+                        isFirstUnsignaledTransactionApplied = true;
+                    }
                 }
-                mTransactionQueue.pop();
+                mTransactionQueue.pop_front();
                 ATRACE_INT("TransactionQueue", mTransactionQueue.size());
             }
-        }
 
-        // Now apply all transactions.
-        for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
-            applyTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
-                                  transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
-                                  transaction.inputWindowCommands, transaction.desiredPresentTime,
-                                  transaction.isAutoTimestamp, transaction.buffer,
-                                  transaction.postTime, transaction.permissions,
-                                  transaction.hasListenerCallbacks, transaction.listenerCallbacks,
-                                  transaction.originPid, transaction.originUid, transaction.id);
-            if (transaction.transactionCommittedSignal) {
-                mTransactionCommittedSignals.emplace_back(
-                        std::move(transaction.transactionCommittedSignal));
-            }
+            return applyTransactions(transactions, vsyncId);
         }
     }
 }
 
+bool SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions,
+                                       int64_t vsyncId) {
+    bool needsTraversal = false;
+    // Now apply all transactions.
+    for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
+        needsTraversal |=
+                applyTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
+                                      transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
+                                      transaction.inputWindowCommands,
+                                      transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                      transaction.buffer, transaction.postTime,
+                                      transaction.permissions, transaction.hasListenerCallbacks,
+                                      transaction.listenerCallbacks, transaction.originPid,
+                                      transaction.originUid, transaction.id);
+        if (transaction.transactionCommittedSignal) {
+            mTransactionCommittedSignals.emplace_back(
+                    std::move(transaction.transactionCommittedSignal));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mTransactionTracingEnabled) {
+        mTransactionTracing.addCommittedTransactions(transactions, vsyncId);
+    }
+    return needsTraversal;
+}
+
+bool SurfaceFlinger::allowedLatchUnsignaled() {
+    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Always mode matches the current latch unsignaled behavior.
+    // This behavior is currently used by the partners and we would like
+    // to keep it until we are completely migrated to Auto mode successfully
+    // and we we have our fallback based implementation in place.
+    if (enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //  if enableLatchUnsignaledConfig == LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto
+    //  we don't latch unsignaled if more than one applyToken, as it can backpressure
+    //  the other transactions.
+    if (mPendingTransactionQueues.size() > 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::optional<sp<IBinder>> applyToken = std::nullopt;
+    bool isPendingTransactionQueuesItem = false;
+    if (!mPendingTransactionQueues.empty()) {
+        applyToken = mPendingTransactionQueues.begin()->first;
+        isPendingTransactionQueuesItem = true;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& item : mTransactionQueue) {
+        if (!applyToken.has_value()) {
+            applyToken = item.applyToken;
+        } else if (applyToken.has_value() && applyToken != item.applyToken) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (isPendingTransactionQueuesItem) {
+        return checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled(
+                mPendingTransactionQueues.begin()->second.front());
+    } else if (applyToken.has_value()) {
+        return checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled((mTransactionQueue.front()));
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool SurfaceFlinger::checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled(const TransactionState& transaction) {
+    if (transaction.states.size() == 1) {
+        const auto& state = transaction.states.begin()->state;
+        if ((state.flags & ~layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) == 0 &&
+            state.bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged) &&
+            state.bufferData.acquireFence &&
+            state.bufferData.acquireFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("transactionCanLatchUnsignaled");
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool SurfaceFlinger::transactionFlushNeeded() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mQueueLock);
     return !mPendingTransactionQueues.empty() || !mTransactionQueue.empty();
@@ -3580,7 +3677,8 @@
         const FrameTimelineInfo& info, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
         uid_t originUid, const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
         const std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, ISurfaceComposer::SpHash<IBinder>>&
-                bufferLayersReadyToPresent) const {
+                bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
+        bool allowLatchUnsignaled) const {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     const nsecs_t expectedPresentTime = mExpectedPresentTime.load();
     // Do not present if the desiredPresentTime has not passed unless it is more than one second
@@ -3605,9 +3703,10 @@
 
     for (const ComposerState& state : states) {
         const layer_state_t& s = state.state;
-        const bool acquireFenceChanged = (s.what & layer_state_t::eAcquireFenceChanged);
-        if (acquireFenceChanged && s.acquireFence && !enableLatchUnsignaled &&
-            s.acquireFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
+        const bool acquireFenceChanged =
+                s.bufferData.flags.test(BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged);
+        if (acquireFenceChanged && s.bufferData.acquireFence && !allowLatchUnsignaled &&
+            s.bufferData.acquireFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
             ATRACE_NAME("fence unsignaled");
             return false;
         }
@@ -3667,7 +3766,7 @@
                          : CountDownLatch::eSyncTransaction));
     }
 
-    mTransactionQueue.emplace(state);
+    mTransactionQueue.emplace_back(state);
     ATRACE_INT("TransactionQueue", mTransactionQueue.size());
 
     const auto schedule = [](uint32_t flags) {
@@ -3741,6 +3840,10 @@
     state.traverseStatesWithBuffers([&](const layer_state_t& state) {
         mBufferCountTracker.increment(state.surface->localBinder());
     });
+
+    if (mTransactionTracingEnabled) {
+        mTransactionTracing.addQueuedTransaction(state);
+    }
     queueTransaction(state);
 
     // Check the pending state to make sure the transaction is synchronous.
@@ -3751,7 +3854,7 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+bool SurfaceFlinger::applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
                                            const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
                                            const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
                                            const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
@@ -3770,33 +3873,23 @@
     // that listeners with SurfaceControls will start registration during setClientStateLocked
     // below.
     for (const auto& listener : listenerCallbacks) {
-        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.startRegistration(listener);
-        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.endRegistration(listener);
+        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.addEmptyTransaction(listener);
     }
 
-    std::unordered_set<ListenerCallbacks, ListenerCallbacksHash> listenerCallbacksWithSurfaces;
     uint32_t clientStateFlags = 0;
     for (const ComposerState& state : states) {
-        clientStateFlags |=
-                setClientStateLocked(frameTimelineInfo, state, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                                     postTime, permissions, listenerCallbacksWithSurfaces);
+        clientStateFlags |= setClientStateLocked(frameTimelineInfo, state, desiredPresentTime,
+                                                 isAutoTimestamp, postTime, permissions);
         if ((flags & eAnimation) && state.state.surface) {
-            if (const auto layer = fromHandle(state.state.surface).promote(); layer) {
+            if (const auto layer = fromHandle(state.state.surface).promote()) {
+                using LayerUpdateType = scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType;
                 mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(),
                                                isAutoTimestamp ? 0 : desiredPresentTime,
-                                               LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX);
+                                               LayerUpdateType::AnimationTX);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    for (const auto& listenerCallback : listenerCallbacksWithSurfaces) {
-        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.endRegistration(listenerCallback);
-    }
-
-    // If the state doesn't require a traversal and there are callbacks, send them now
-    if (!(clientStateFlags & eTraversalNeeded) && hasListenerCallbacks) {
-        mTransactionCallbackInvoker.sendCallbacks();
-    }
     transactionFlags |= clientStateFlags;
 
     if (permissions & Permission::ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER) {
@@ -3818,6 +3911,7 @@
         transactionFlags = eTransactionNeeded;
     }
 
+    bool needsTraversal = false;
     if (transactionFlags) {
         if (mInterceptor->isEnabled()) {
             mInterceptor->saveTransaction(states, mCurrentState.displays, displays, flags,
@@ -3828,7 +3922,7 @@
         // so we don't have to wake up again next frame to preform an unnecessary traversal.
         if (transactionFlags & eTraversalNeeded) {
             transactionFlags = transactionFlags & (~eTraversalNeeded);
-            mForceTraversal = true;
+            needsTraversal = true;
         }
         if (transactionFlags) {
             setTransactionFlags(transactionFlags);
@@ -3838,6 +3932,8 @@
             mAnimTransactionPending = true;
         }
     }
+
+    return needsTraversal;
 }
 
 uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setDisplayStateLocked(const DisplayState& s) {
@@ -3906,10 +4002,10 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setClientStateLocked(
-        const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, const ComposerState& composerState,
-        int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
-        std::unordered_set<ListenerCallbacks, ListenerCallbacksHash>& outListenerCallbacks) {
+uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setClientStateLocked(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+                                              const ComposerState& composerState,
+                                              int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                                              int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions) {
     const layer_state_t& s = composerState.state;
     const bool privileged = permissions & Permission::ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER;
 
@@ -3922,16 +4018,12 @@
 
         ListenerCallbacks onCommitCallbacks = listener.filter(CallbackId::Type::ON_COMMIT);
         if (!onCommitCallbacks.callbackIds.empty()) {
-            mTransactionCallbackInvoker.startRegistration(onCommitCallbacks);
             filteredListeners.push_back(onCommitCallbacks);
-            outListenerCallbacks.insert(onCommitCallbacks);
         }
 
         ListenerCallbacks onCompleteCallbacks = listener.filter(CallbackId::Type::ON_COMPLETE);
         if (!onCompleteCallbacks.callbackIds.empty()) {
-            mTransactionCallbackInvoker.startRegistration(onCompleteCallbacks);
             filteredListeners.push_back(onCompleteCallbacks);
-            outListenerCallbacks.insert(onCompleteCallbacks);
         }
     }
 
@@ -4104,9 +4196,6 @@
     if (what & layer_state_t::eCropChanged) {
         if (layer->setCrop(s.crop)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
-    if (what & layer_state_t::eAcquireFenceChanged) {
-        if (layer->setAcquireFence(s.acquireFence)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
-    }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eDataspaceChanged) {
         if (layer->setDataspace(s.dataspace)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
@@ -4133,13 +4222,14 @@
     std::optional<nsecs_t> dequeueBufferTimestamp;
     if (what & layer_state_t::eMetadataChanged) {
         dequeueBufferTimestamp = s.metadata.getInt64(METADATA_DEQUEUE_TIME);
-        auto gameMode = s.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, -1);
-        if (gameMode != -1) {
+
+        if (const int32_t gameMode = s.metadata.getInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, -1); gameMode != -1) {
             // The transaction will be received on the Task layer and needs to be applied to all
             // child layers. Child layers that are added at a later point will obtain the game mode
             // info through addChild().
-            layer->setGameModeForTree(gameMode);
+            layer->setGameModeForTree(static_cast<GameMode>(gameMode));
         }
+
         if (layer->setMetadata(s.metadata)) flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     }
     if (what & layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged) {
@@ -4163,7 +4253,8 @@
             const auto strategy =
                     Layer::FrameRate::convertChangeFrameRateStrategy(s.changeFrameRateStrategy);
 
-            if (layer->setFrameRate(Layer::FrameRate(Fps(s.frameRate), compatibility, strategy))) {
+            if (layer->setFrameRate(
+                        Layer::FrameRate(Fps::fromValue(s.frameRate), compatibility, strategy))) {
                 flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
             }
         }
@@ -4207,7 +4298,7 @@
                 mInputInfoChanged = true;
             }
         } else {
-            ALOGE("Attempt to update InputPolicyFlags without permission ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER");
+            ALOGE("Attempt to update DropInputMode without permission ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER");
         }
     }
     // This has to happen after we reparent children because when we reparent to null we remove
@@ -4233,43 +4324,11 @@
             callbackHandles.emplace_back(new CallbackHandle(listener, callbackIds, s.surface));
         }
     }
-    bool bufferChanged = what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged;
-    bool cacheIdChanged = what & layer_state_t::eCachedBufferChanged;
-    bool bufferSizeExceedsLimit = false;
-    std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture> buffer;
-    if (bufferChanged && cacheIdChanged && s.buffer != nullptr) {
-        bufferSizeExceedsLimit =
-                exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(s.buffer->getWidth(), s.buffer->getHeight());
-        if (!bufferSizeExceedsLimit) {
-            ClientCache::getInstance().add(s.cachedBuffer, s.buffer);
-            buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().get(s.cachedBuffer);
-        }
-    } else if (cacheIdChanged) {
-        buffer = ClientCache::getInstance().get(s.cachedBuffer);
-    } else if (bufferChanged && s.buffer != nullptr) {
-        bufferSizeExceedsLimit =
-                exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(s.buffer->getWidth(), s.buffer->getHeight());
-        if (!bufferSizeExceedsLimit) {
-            buffer = std::make_shared<
-                    renderengine::ExternalTexture>(s.buffer, getRenderEngine(),
-                                                   renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
-        }
-    }
-    ALOGE_IF(bufferSizeExceedsLimit,
-             "Attempted to create an ExternalTexture for layer %s that exceeds render target size "
-             "limit.",
-             layer->getDebugName());
-    if (buffer) {
-        const bool frameNumberChanged = what & layer_state_t::eFrameNumberChanged;
-        const uint64_t frameNumber = frameNumberChanged
-                ? s.frameNumber
-                : layer->getHeadFrameNumber(-1 /* expectedPresentTime */) + 1;
 
-        if (layer->setBuffer(buffer, s.acquireFence, postTime, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
-                             s.cachedBuffer, frameNumber, dequeueBufferTimestamp, frameTimelineInfo,
-                             s.releaseBufferListener, s.releaseBufferEndpoint)) {
-            flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
-        }
+    if (what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged &&
+        layer->setBuffer(s.bufferData, postTime, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
+                         dequeueBufferTimestamp, frameTimelineInfo)) {
+        flags |= eTraversalNeeded;
     } else if (frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId != FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID) {
         layer->setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction(frameTimelineInfo, postTime);
     }
@@ -4293,17 +4352,14 @@
 
     sp<Layer> mirrorLayer;
     sp<Layer> mirrorFrom;
-    std::string uniqueName = getUniqueLayerName("MirrorRoot");
-
     {
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
         mirrorFrom = fromHandle(mirrorFromHandle).promote();
         if (!mirrorFrom) {
             return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
-
-        status_t result = createContainerLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), -1, -1, 0,
-                                               LayerMetadata(), outHandle, &mirrorLayer);
+        LayerCreationArgs args(this, client, "MirrorRoot", 0, LayerMetadata());
+        status_t result = createContainerLayer(args, outHandle, &mirrorLayer);
         if (result != NO_ERROR) {
             return result;
         }
@@ -4312,22 +4368,13 @@
     }
 
     *outLayerId = mirrorLayer->sequence;
-    return addClientLayer(client, *outHandle, nullptr, mirrorLayer, nullptr, nullptr, false,
-                          nullptr /* outTransformHint */);
+    return addClientLayer(client, *outHandle, mirrorLayer /* layer */, nullptr /* parent */,
+                          false /* addAsRoot */, nullptr /* outTransformHint */);
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::createLayer(const String8& name, const sp<Client>& client, uint32_t w,
-                                     uint32_t h, PixelFormat format, uint32_t flags,
-                                     LayerMetadata metadata, sp<IBinder>* handle,
-                                     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::createLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
                                      const sp<IBinder>& parentHandle, int32_t* outLayerId,
                                      const sp<Layer>& parentLayer, uint32_t* outTransformHint) {
-    if (int32_t(w|h) < 0) {
-        ALOGE("createLayer() failed, w or h is negative (w=%d, h=%d)",
-                int(w), int(h));
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
     ALOG_ASSERT(parentLayer == nullptr || parentHandle == nullptr,
             "Expected only one of parentLayer or parentHandle to be non-null. "
             "Programmer error?");
@@ -4336,40 +4383,22 @@
 
     sp<Layer> layer;
 
-    std::string uniqueName = getUniqueLayerName(name.string());
-
-    switch (flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceMask) {
+    switch (args.flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceMask) {
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferQueue:
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState: {
-            result = createBufferStateLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), w, h, flags,
-                                            std::move(metadata), handle, &layer);
+            result = createBufferStateLayer(args, outHandle, &layer);
             std::atomic<int32_t>* pendingBufferCounter = layer->getPendingBufferCounter();
             if (pendingBufferCounter) {
                 std::string counterName = layer->getPendingBufferCounterName();
-                mBufferCountTracker.add((*handle)->localBinder(), counterName,
+                mBufferCountTracker.add((*outHandle)->localBinder(), counterName,
                                         pendingBufferCounter);
             }
         } break;
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect:
-            // check if buffer size is set for color layer.
-            if (w > 0 || h > 0) {
-                ALOGE("createLayer() failed, w or h cannot be set for color layer (w=%d, h=%d)",
-                      int(w), int(h));
-                return BAD_VALUE;
-            }
-
-            result = createEffectLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), w, h, flags,
-                                       std::move(metadata), handle, &layer);
+            result = createEffectLayer(args, outHandle, &layer);
             break;
         case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceContainer:
-            // check if buffer size is set for container layer.
-            if (w > 0 || h > 0) {
-                ALOGE("createLayer() failed, w or h cannot be set for container layer (w=%d, h=%d)",
-                      int(w), int(h));
-                return BAD_VALUE;
-            }
-            result = createContainerLayer(client, std::move(uniqueName), w, h, flags,
-                                          std::move(metadata), handle, &layer);
+            result = createContainerLayer(args, outHandle, &layer);
             break;
         default:
             result = BAD_VALUE;
@@ -4381,46 +4410,35 @@
     }
 
     bool addToRoot = callingThreadHasUnscopedSurfaceFlingerAccess();
-    result = addClientLayer(client, *handle, *gbp, layer, parentHandle, parentLayer, addToRoot,
-                            outTransformHint);
+    wp<Layer> parent(parentHandle != nullptr ? fromHandle(parentHandle) : parentLayer);
+    if (parentHandle != nullptr && parent == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Invalid parent handle %p.", parentHandle.get());
+        addToRoot = false;
+    }
+    if (parentLayer != nullptr) {
+        addToRoot = false;
+    }
+    result = addClientLayer(args.client, *outHandle, layer, parent, addToRoot, outTransformHint);
     if (result != NO_ERROR) {
         return result;
     }
-    mInterceptor->saveSurfaceCreation(layer);
+
+    int parentId = -1;
+    // We can safely promote the layer in binder thread because we have a strong reference
+    // to the layer's handle inside this scope or we were passed in a sp reference to the layer.
+    sp<Layer> parentSp = parent.promote();
+    if (parentSp != nullptr) {
+        parentId = parentSp->getSequence();
+    }
+    mTransactionTracing.onLayerAdded((*outHandle)->localBinder(), layer->sequence, args.name,
+                                     args.flags, parentId);
 
     setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
     *outLayerId = layer->sequence;
     return result;
 }
 
-std::string SurfaceFlinger::getUniqueLayerName(const char* name) {
-    unsigned dupeCounter = 0;
-
-    // Tack on our counter whether there is a hit or not, so everyone gets a tag
-    std::string uniqueName = base::StringPrintf("%s#%u", name, dupeCounter);
-
-    // Grab the state lock since we're accessing mCurrentState
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-
-    // Loop over layers until we're sure there is no matching name
-    bool matchFound = true;
-    while (matchFound) {
-        matchFound = false;
-        mCurrentState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) {
-            if (layer->getName() == uniqueName) {
-                matchFound = true;
-                uniqueName = base::StringPrintf("%s#%u", name, ++dupeCounter);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    ALOGV_IF(dupeCounter > 0, "duplicate layer name: changing %s to %s", name, uniqueName.c_str());
-    return uniqueName;
-}
-
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::createBufferQueueLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name,
-                                                uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags,
-                                                LayerMetadata metadata, PixelFormat& format,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::createBufferQueueLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, PixelFormat& format,
                                                 sp<IBinder>* handle,
                                                 sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp,
                                                 sp<Layer>* outLayer) {
@@ -4436,7 +4454,6 @@
     }
 
     sp<BufferQueueLayer> layer;
-    LayerCreationArgs args(this, client, std::move(name), w, h, flags, std::move(metadata));
     args.textureName = getNewTexture();
     {
         // Grab the SF state lock during this since it's the only safe way to access
@@ -4446,7 +4463,7 @@
         layer = getFactory().createBufferQueueLayer(args);
     }
 
-    status_t err = layer->setDefaultBufferProperties(w, h, format);
+    status_t err = layer->setDefaultBufferProperties(0, 0, format);
     if (err == NO_ERROR) {
         *handle = layer->getHandle();
         *gbp = layer->getProducer();
@@ -4457,34 +4474,24 @@
     return err;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::createBufferStateLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name,
-                                                uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags,
-                                                LayerMetadata metadata, sp<IBinder>* handle,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::createBufferStateLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* handle,
                                                 sp<Layer>* outLayer) {
-    LayerCreationArgs args(this, client, std::move(name), w, h, flags, std::move(metadata));
     args.textureName = getNewTexture();
-    sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = getFactory().createBufferStateLayer(args);
-    *handle = layer->getHandle();
-    *outLayer = layer;
-
-    return NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::createEffectLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name, uint32_t w,
-                                           uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata,
-                                           sp<IBinder>* handle, sp<Layer>* outLayer) {
-    *outLayer = getFactory().createEffectLayer(
-            {this, client, std::move(name), w, h, flags, std::move(metadata)});
+    *outLayer = getFactory().createBufferStateLayer(args);
     *handle = (*outLayer)->getHandle();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::createContainerLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name,
-                                              uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags,
-                                              LayerMetadata metadata, sp<IBinder>* handle,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::createEffectLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* handle,
+                                           sp<Layer>* outLayer) {
+    *outLayer = getFactory().createEffectLayer(args);
+    *handle = (*outLayer)->getHandle();
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::createContainerLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* handle,
                                               sp<Layer>* outLayer) {
-    *outLayer = getFactory().createContainerLayer(
-            {this, client, std::move(name), w, h, flags, std::move(metadata)});
+    *outLayer = getFactory().createContainerLayer(args);
     *handle = (*outLayer)->getHandle();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -4526,7 +4533,7 @@
     d.what = DisplayState::eDisplayProjectionChanged |
              DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged;
     d.token = token;
-    d.layerStack = 0;
+    d.layerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
     d.orientation = ui::ROTATION_0;
     d.orientedDisplaySpaceRect.makeInvalid();
     d.layerStackSpaceRect.makeInvalid();
@@ -4535,10 +4542,12 @@
     displays.add(d);
 
     nsecs_t now = systemTime();
+
+    int64_t transactionId = (((int64_t)mPid) << 32) | mUniqueTransactionId++;
     // It should be on the main thread, apply it directly.
     applyTransactionState(FrameTimelineInfo{}, state, displays, 0, mInputWindowCommands,
                           /* desiredPresentTime */ now, true, {}, /* postTime */ now, true, false,
-                          {}, getpid(), getuid(), 0 /* Undefined transactionId */);
+                          {}, mPid, getuid(), transactionId);
 
     setPowerModeInternal(display, hal::PowerMode::ON);
     const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod =
@@ -4553,27 +4562,7 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::initializeDisplays() {
     // Async since we may be called from the main thread.
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([this]() MAIN_THREAD { onInitializeDisplays(); }));
-}
-
-sp<DisplayDevice> SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayWithInputByLayer(Layer* layer) const {
-    sp<DisplayDevice> display;
-    for (const auto& pair : mDisplays) {
-        const auto& displayDevice = pair.second;
-        if (!displayDevice->receivesInput() ||
-            !displayDevice->getCompositionDisplay()
-                     ->belongsInOutput(layer->getLayerStack(), layer->getPrimaryDisplayOnly())) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        // Don't return immediately so that we can log duplicates.
-        if (display) {
-            ALOGE("Multiple display devices claim to accept input for the same layerstack: %d",
-                  layer->getLayerStack());
-            continue;
-        }
-        display = displayDevice;
-    }
-    return display;
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([this]() MAIN_THREAD { onInitializeDisplays(); }));
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, hal::PowerMode mode) {
@@ -4624,7 +4613,7 @@
 
         mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
         mHasPoweredOff = true;
-        repaintEverything();
+        scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kActive);
     } else if (mode == hal::PowerMode::OFF) {
         // Turn off the display
         if (SurfaceFlinger::setSchedFifo(false) != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -4673,7 +4662,7 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setPowerMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, int mode) {
-    schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() MAIN_THREAD {
         const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken);
         if (!display) {
             ALOGE("Attempt to set power mode %d for invalid display token %p", mode,
@@ -4683,7 +4672,9 @@
         } else {
             setPowerModeInternal(display, static_cast<hal::PowerMode>(mode));
         }
-    }).wait();
+    });
+
+    future.wait();
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::doDump(int fd, const DumpArgs& args, bool asProto) {
@@ -4733,7 +4724,7 @@
         }
 
         if (dumpLayers) {
-            LayersTraceFileProto traceFileProto = SurfaceTracing::createLayersTraceFileProto();
+            LayersTraceFileProto traceFileProto = mLayerTracing.createTraceFileProto();
             LayersTraceProto* layersTrace = traceFileProto.add_entry();
             LayersProto layersProto = dumpProtoFromMainThread();
             layersTrace->mutable_layers()->Swap(&layersProto);
@@ -4755,8 +4746,9 @@
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::dumpCritical(int fd, const DumpArgs&, bool asProto) {
-    if (asProto && mTracing.isEnabled()) {
-        mTracing.writeToFile();
+    if (asProto) {
+        mLayerTracing.writeToFile();
+        mTransactionTracing.writeToFile();
     }
 
     return doDump(fd, DumpArgs(), asProto);
@@ -4868,24 +4860,6 @@
                   bucketTimeSec, percent);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::recordBufferingStats(const std::string& layerName,
-                                          std::vector<OccupancyTracker::Segment>&& history) {
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(getBE().mBufferingStatsMutex);
-    auto& stats = getBE().mBufferingStats[layerName];
-    for (const auto& segment : history) {
-        if (!segment.usedThirdBuffer) {
-            stats.twoBufferTime += segment.totalTime;
-        }
-        if (segment.occupancyAverage < 1.0f) {
-            stats.doubleBufferedTime += segment.totalTime;
-        } else if (segment.occupancyAverage < 2.0f) {
-            stats.tripleBufferedTime += segment.totalTime;
-        }
-        ++stats.numSegments;
-        stats.totalTime += segment.totalTime;
-    }
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpFrameEventsLocked(std::string& result) {
     result.append("Layer frame timestamps:\n");
     // Traverse all layers to dump frame-events for each layer
@@ -4893,38 +4867,6 @@
         [&] (Layer* layer) { layer->dumpFrameEvents(result); });
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::dumpBufferingStats(std::string& result) const {
-    result.append("Buffering stats:\n");
-    result.append("  [Layer name] <Active time> <Two buffer> "
-            "<Double buffered> <Triple buffered>\n");
-    Mutex::Autolock lock(getBE().mBufferingStatsMutex);
-    typedef std::tuple<std::string, float, float, float> BufferTuple;
-    std::map<float, BufferTuple, std::greater<float>> sorted;
-    for (const auto& statsPair : getBE().mBufferingStats) {
-        const char* name = statsPair.first.c_str();
-        const SurfaceFlingerBE::BufferingStats& stats = statsPair.second;
-        if (stats.numSegments == 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        float activeTime = ns2ms(stats.totalTime) / 1000.0f;
-        float twoBufferRatio = static_cast<float>(stats.twoBufferTime) /
-                stats.totalTime;
-        float doubleBufferRatio = static_cast<float>(
-                stats.doubleBufferedTime) / stats.totalTime;
-        float tripleBufferRatio = static_cast<float>(
-                stats.tripleBufferedTime) / stats.totalTime;
-        sorted.insert({activeTime, {name, twoBufferRatio,
-                doubleBufferRatio, tripleBufferRatio}});
-    }
-    for (const auto& sortedPair : sorted) {
-        float activeTime = sortedPair.first;
-        const BufferTuple& values = sortedPair.second;
-        StringAppendF(&result, "  [%s] %.2f %.3f %.3f %.3f\n", std::get<0>(values).c_str(),
-                      activeTime, std::get<1>(values), std::get<2>(values), std::get<3>(values));
-    }
-    result.append("\n");
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpDisplayIdentificationData(std::string& result) const {
     for (const auto& [token, display] : mDisplays) {
         const auto displayId = PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(display->getId());
@@ -5003,7 +4945,6 @@
 }
 
 LayersProto SurfaceFlinger::dumpDrawingStateProto(uint32_t traceFlags) const {
-    // If context is SurfaceTracing thread, mTracingLock blocks display transactions on main thread.
     const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
 
     LayersProto layersProto;
@@ -5019,7 +4960,7 @@
         DisplayProto* displayProto = layersTraceProto.add_displays();
         displayProto->set_id(display->getId().value);
         displayProto->set_name(display->getDisplayName());
-        displayProto->set_layer_stack(display->getLayerStack());
+        displayProto->set_layer_stack(display->getLayerStack().id);
         LayerProtoHelper::writeSizeToProto(display->getWidth(), display->getHeight(),
                                            [&]() { return displayProto->mutable_size(); });
         LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(display->getLayerStackSpaceRect(), [&]() {
@@ -5027,6 +4968,7 @@
         });
         LayerProtoHelper::writeTransformToProto(display->getTransform(),
                                                 displayProto->mutable_transform());
+        displayProto->set_is_virtual(display->isVirtual());
     }
 }
 
@@ -5055,21 +4997,21 @@
 }
 
 LayersProto SurfaceFlinger::dumpProtoFromMainThread(uint32_t traceFlags) {
-    return schedule([=] { return dumpDrawingStateProto(traceFlags); }).get();
+    return mScheduler->schedule([=] { return dumpDrawingStateProto(traceFlags); }).get();
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpOffscreenLayers(std::string& result) {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([this] {
+        std::string result;
+        for (Layer* offscreenLayer : mOffscreenLayers) {
+            offscreenLayer->traverse(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing,
+                                     [&](Layer* layer) { layer->dumpCallingUidPid(result); });
+        }
+        return result;
+    });
+
     result.append("Offscreen Layers:\n");
-    result.append(schedule([this] {
-                      std::string result;
-                      for (Layer* offscreenLayer : mOffscreenLayers) {
-                          offscreenLayer->traverse(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing,
-                                                   [&](Layer* layer) {
-                                                       layer->dumpCallingUidPid(result);
-                                                   });
-                      }
-                      return result;
-                  }).get());
+    result.append(future.get());
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpAllLocked(const DumpArgs& args, std::string& result) const {
@@ -5116,15 +5058,11 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "HWC missed frame count: %u\n", mHwcFrameMissedCount.load());
     StringAppendF(&result, "GPU missed frame count: %u\n\n", mGpuFrameMissedCount.load());
 
-    dumpBufferingStats(result);
-
     /*
      * Dump the visible layer list
      */
     colorizer.bold(result);
     StringAppendF(&result, "Visible layers (count = %zu)\n", mNumLayers.load());
-    StringAppendF(&result, "GraphicBufferProducers: %zu, max %zu\n",
-                  mGraphicBufferProducerList.size(), mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize);
     colorizer.reset(result);
 
     {
@@ -5206,7 +5144,9 @@
     /*
      * Tracing state
      */
-    mTracing.dump(result);
+    mLayerTracing.dump(result);
+    result.append("\n");
+    mTransactionTracing.dump(result);
     result.append("\n");
 
     /*
@@ -5240,7 +5180,7 @@
     colorizer.bold(result);
     result.append("h/w composer state:\n");
     colorizer.reset(result);
-    bool hwcDisabled = mDebugDisableHWC || mDebugRegion;
+    const bool hwcDisabled = mDebugDisableHWC || mDebugFlashDelay;
     StringAppendF(&result, "  h/w composer %s\n", hwcDisabled ? "disabled" : "enabled");
     getHwComposer().dump(result);
 
@@ -5250,6 +5190,11 @@
     const GraphicBufferAllocator& alloc(GraphicBufferAllocator::get());
     alloc.dump(result);
 
+    /*
+     * Dump flag/property manager state
+     */
+    mFlagManager->dump(result);
+
     result.append(mTimeStats->miniDump());
     result.append("\n");
 }
@@ -5313,11 +5258,9 @@
         case SET_GLOBAL_SHADOW_SETTINGS:
         case GET_PRIMARY_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_ID:
         case ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN: {
-            // ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN and OVERRIDE_HDR_TYPES are used by CTS tests,
-            // which acquire the necessary permission dynamically. Don't use the permission cache
-            // for this check.
-            bool usePermissionCache =
-                    code != ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN && code != OVERRIDE_HDR_TYPES;
+            // OVERRIDE_HDR_TYPES is used by CTS tests, which acquire the necessary
+            // permission dynamically. Don't use the permission cache for this check.
+            bool usePermissionCache = code != OVERRIDE_HDR_TYPES;
             if (!callingThreadHasUnscopedSurfaceFlingerAccess(usePermissionCache)) {
                 IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
                 ALOGE("Permission Denial: can't access SurfaceFlinger pid=%d, uid=%d",
@@ -5437,9 +5380,9 @@
         code == IBinder::SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION) {
         return OK;
     }
-    // Numbers from 1000 to 1040 are currently used for backdoors. The code
+    // Numbers from 1000 to 1041 are currently used for backdoors. The code
     // in onTransact verifies that the user is root, and has access to use SF.
-    if (code >= 1000 && code <= 1040) {
+    if (code >= 1000 && code <= 1041) {
         ALOGV("Accessing SurfaceFlinger through backdoor code: %u", code);
         return OK;
     }
@@ -5450,9 +5393,8 @@
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
                                     uint32_t flags) {
-    status_t credentialCheck = CheckTransactCodeCredentials(code);
-    if (credentialCheck != OK) {
-        return credentialCheck;
+    if (const status_t error = CheckTransactCodeCredentials(code); error != OK) {
+        return error;
     }
 
     status_t err = BnSurfaceComposer::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
@@ -5469,47 +5411,41 @@
         }
         int n;
         switch (code) {
-            case 1000: // SHOW_CPU, NOT SUPPORTED ANYMORE
-            case 1001: // SHOW_FPS, NOT SUPPORTED ANYMORE
+            case 1000: // Unused.
+            case 1001:
+                return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+            case 1002: // Toggle flashing on surface damage.
+                if (const int delay = data.readInt32(); delay > 0) {
+                    mDebugFlashDelay = delay;
+                } else {
+                    mDebugFlashDelay = mDebugFlashDelay ? 0 : 1;
+                }
+                scheduleRepaint();
                 return NO_ERROR;
-            case 1002:  // SHOW_UPDATES
-                n = data.readInt32();
-                mDebugRegion = n ? n : (mDebugRegion ? 0 : 1);
-                invalidateHwcGeometry();
-                repaintEverything();
+            case 1004: // Force composite ahead of next VSYNC.
+            case 1006:
+                scheduleComposite(FrameHint::kActive);
                 return NO_ERROR;
-            case 1004:{ // repaint everything
-                repaintEverything();
+            case 1005: { // Force commit ahead of next VSYNC.
+                Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+                setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded | eDisplayTransactionNeeded |
+                                    eTraversalNeeded);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
-            case 1005:{ // force transaction
-                Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
-                setTransactionFlags(
-                        eTransactionNeeded|
-                        eDisplayTransactionNeeded|
-                        eTraversalNeeded);
+            case 1007: // Unused.
+                return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+            case 1008: // Toggle forced GPU composition.
+                mDebugDisableHWC = data.readInt32() != 0;
+                scheduleRepaint();
                 return NO_ERROR;
-            }
-            case 1006:{ // send empty update
-                signalRefresh();
+            case 1009: // Toggle use of transform hint.
+                mDebugDisableTransformHint = data.readInt32() != 0;
+                scheduleRepaint();
                 return NO_ERROR;
-            }
-            case 1008:  // toggle use of hw composer
-                n = data.readInt32();
-                mDebugDisableHWC = n != 0;
-                invalidateHwcGeometry();
-                repaintEverything();
-                return NO_ERROR;
-            case 1009:  // toggle use of transform hint
-                n = data.readInt32();
-                mDebugDisableTransformHint = n != 0;
-                invalidateHwcGeometry();
-                repaintEverything();
-                return NO_ERROR;
-            case 1010:  // interrogate.
+            case 1010: // Interrogate.
                 reply->writeInt32(0);
                 reply->writeInt32(0);
-                reply->writeInt32(mDebugRegion);
+                reply->writeInt32(mDebugFlashDelay);
                 reply->writeInt32(0);
                 reply->writeInt32(mDebugDisableHWC);
                 return NO_ERROR;
@@ -5606,7 +5542,8 @@
             }
             case 1021: { // Disable HWC virtual displays
                 const bool enable = data.readInt32() != 0;
-                static_cast<void>(schedule([this, enable] { enableHalVirtualDisplays(enable); }));
+                static_cast<void>(
+                        mScheduler->schedule([this, enable] { enableHalVirtualDisplays(enable); }));
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             case 1022: { // Set saturation boost
@@ -5623,8 +5560,7 @@
                 if (data.readInt32(&colorMode) == NO_ERROR) {
                     mForceColorMode = static_cast<ColorMode>(colorMode);
                 }
-                invalidateHwcGeometry();
-                repaintEverything();
+                scheduleRepaint();
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             // Deprecate, use 1030 to check whether the device is color managed.
@@ -5636,20 +5572,21 @@
                 bool tracingEnabledChanged;
                 if (n) {
                     ALOGD("LayerTracing enabled");
-                    tracingEnabledChanged = mTracing.enable();
+                    tracingEnabledChanged = mLayerTracing.enable();
                     if (tracingEnabledChanged) {
-                        schedule([&]() MAIN_THREAD { mTracing.notify("start"); }).wait();
+                        mScheduler->schedule([&]() MAIN_THREAD { mLayerTracing.notify("start"); })
+                                .wait();
                     }
                 } else {
                     ALOGD("LayerTracing disabled");
-                    tracingEnabledChanged = mTracing.disable();
+                    tracingEnabledChanged = mLayerTracing.disable();
                 }
                 mTracingEnabledChanged = tracingEnabledChanged;
                 reply->writeInt32(NO_ERROR);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             case 1026: { // Get layer tracing status
-                reply->writeBool(mTracing.isEnabled());
+                reply->writeBool(mLayerTracing.isEnabled());
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             // Is a DisplayColorSetting supported?
@@ -5690,7 +5627,7 @@
                 }
 
                 ALOGD("Updating trace buffer to %d KB", n);
-                mTracing.setBufferSize(n * 1024);
+                mLayerTracing.setBufferSize(n * 1024);
                 reply->writeInt32(NO_ERROR);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
@@ -5735,12 +5672,12 @@
             case 1033: {
                 n = data.readUint32();
                 ALOGD("Updating trace flags to 0x%x", n);
-                mTracing.setTraceFlags(n);
+                mLayerTracing.setTraceFlags(n);
                 reply->writeInt32(NO_ERROR);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             case 1034: {
-                schedule([&] {
+                auto future = mScheduler->schedule([&] {
                     switch (n = data.readInt32()) {
                         case 0:
                         case 1:
@@ -5750,64 +5687,78 @@
                             reply->writeBool(ON_MAIN_THREAD(isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled()));
                         }
                     }
-                }).get();
+                });
+
+                future.wait();
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             case 1035: {
                 const int modeId = data.readInt32();
-                mDebugDisplayModeSetByBackdoor = false;
 
-                const auto displayId = [&]() -> std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> {
-                    uint64_t inputDisplayId = 0;
-                    if (data.readUint64(&inputDisplayId) == NO_ERROR) {
-                        const auto token = getPhysicalDisplayToken(
-                                static_cast<PhysicalDisplayId>(inputDisplayId));
-                        if (!token) {
-                            ALOGE("No display with id: %" PRIu64, inputDisplayId);
-                            return std::nullopt;
-                        }
-
-                        return std::make_optional<PhysicalDisplayId>(inputDisplayId);
+                const auto display = [&]() -> sp<IBinder> {
+                    uint64_t value;
+                    if (data.readUint64(&value) != NO_ERROR) {
+                        return getDefaultDisplayDevice()->getDisplayToken().promote();
                     }
 
-                    return getDefaultDisplayDevice()->getPhysicalId();
+                    if (const auto id = DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(value)) {
+                        return getPhysicalDisplayToken(*id);
+                    }
+
+                    ALOGE("Invalid physical display ID");
+                    return nullptr;
                 }();
 
-                if (!displayId) {
-                    ALOGE("No display found");
-                    return NO_ERROR;
-                }
-
-                status_t result = setActiveMode(getPhysicalDisplayToken(*displayId), modeId);
-                if (result != NO_ERROR) {
-                    return result;
-                }
-
-                mDebugDisplayModeSetByBackdoor = true;
-
-                return NO_ERROR;
+                mDebugDisplayModeSetByBackdoor = false;
+                const status_t result = setActiveModeFromBackdoor(display, modeId);
+                mDebugDisplayModeSetByBackdoor = result == NO_ERROR;
+                return result;
             }
+            // Turn on/off frame rate flexibility mode. When turned on it overrides the display
+            // manager frame rate policy a new policy which allows switching between all refresh
+            // rates.
             case 1036: {
-                if (data.readInt32() > 0) {
-                    status_t result =
-                            acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken(&mDebugFrameRateFlexibilityToken);
-                    if (result != NO_ERROR) {
-                        return result;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    mDebugFrameRateFlexibilityToken = nullptr;
+                if (data.readInt32() > 0) { // turn on
+                    return mScheduler
+                            ->schedule([this] {
+                                const auto display =
+                                        ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
+
+                                // This is a little racy, but not in a way that hurts anything. As
+                                // we grab the defaultMode from the display manager policy, we could
+                                // be setting a new display manager policy, leaving us using a stale
+                                // defaultMode. The defaultMode doesn't matter for the override
+                                // policy though, since we set allowGroupSwitching to true, so it's
+                                // not a problem.
+                                scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy overridePolicy;
+                                overridePolicy.defaultMode = display->refreshRateConfigs()
+                                                                     .getDisplayManagerPolicy()
+                                                                     .defaultMode;
+                                overridePolicy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
+                                constexpr bool kOverridePolicy = true;
+                                return setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(display, overridePolicy,
+                                                                          kOverridePolicy);
+                            })
+                            .get();
+                } else { // turn off
+                    return mScheduler
+                            ->schedule([this] {
+                                const auto display =
+                                        ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
+                                constexpr bool kOverridePolicy = true;
+                                return setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(display, {},
+                                                                          kOverridePolicy);
+                            })
+                            .get();
                 }
-                return NO_ERROR;
             }
             // Inject a hotplug connected event for the primary display. This will deallocate and
             // reallocate the display state including framebuffers.
             case 1037: {
-                std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> hwcId;
-                {
-                    Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-                    hwcId = getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId();
-                }
-                onComposerHalHotplug(*hwcId, hal::Connection::CONNECTED);
+                const hal::HWDisplayId hwcId =
+                        (Mutex::Autolock(mStateLock), getHwComposer().getPrimaryHwcDisplayId());
+
+                onComposerHalHotplug(hwcId, hal::Connection::CONNECTED);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             // Modify the max number of display frames stored within FrameTimeline
@@ -5842,38 +5793,46 @@
             // Second argument is an optional uint64 - if present, then limits enabling/disabling
             // caching to a particular physical display
             case 1040: {
-                status_t error =
-                        schedule([&] {
-                            n = data.readInt32();
-                            std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> inputId = std::nullopt;
-                            if (uint64_t inputDisplayId;
-                                data.readUint64(&inputDisplayId) == NO_ERROR) {
-                                const auto token = getPhysicalDisplayToken(
-                                        static_cast<PhysicalDisplayId>(inputDisplayId));
-                                if (!token) {
-                                    ALOGE("No display with id: %" PRIu64, inputDisplayId);
-                                    return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
-                                }
-
-                                inputId = std::make_optional<PhysicalDisplayId>(inputDisplayId);
+                auto future = mScheduler->schedule([&] {
+                    n = data.readInt32();
+                    std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> inputId = std::nullopt;
+                    if (uint64_t inputDisplayId; data.readUint64(&inputDisplayId) == NO_ERROR) {
+                        inputId = DisplayId::fromValue<PhysicalDisplayId>(inputDisplayId);
+                        if (!inputId || getPhysicalDisplayToken(*inputId)) {
+                            ALOGE("No display with id: %" PRIu64, inputDisplayId);
+                            return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    {
+                        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+                        mLayerCachingEnabled = n != 0;
+                        for (const auto& [_, display] : mDisplays) {
+                            if (!inputId || *inputId == display->getPhysicalId()) {
+                                display->enableLayerCaching(mLayerCachingEnabled);
                             }
-                            {
-                                Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-                                mLayerCachingEnabled = n != 0;
-                                for (const auto& [_, display] : mDisplays) {
-                                    if (!inputId || *inputId == display->getPhysicalId()) {
-                                        display->enableLayerCaching(mLayerCachingEnabled);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            return OK;
-                        }).get();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return OK;
+                });
 
-                if (error != OK) {
+                if (const status_t error = future.get(); error != OK) {
                     return error;
                 }
-                invalidateHwcGeometry();
-                repaintEverything();
+                scheduleRepaint();
+                return NO_ERROR;
+            }
+            case 1041: { // Transaction tracing
+                if (data.readInt32()) {
+                    // Transaction tracing is always running but allow the user to temporarily
+                    // increase the buffer when actively debugging.
+                    mTransactionTracing.setBufferSize(
+                            TransactionTracing::ACTIVE_TRACING_BUFFER_SIZE);
+                } else {
+                    mTransactionTracing.setBufferSize(
+                            TransactionTracing::CONTINUOUS_TRACING_BUFFER_SIZE);
+                    mTransactionTracing.writeToFile();
+                }
+                reply->writeInt32(NO_ERROR);
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
         }
@@ -5881,17 +5840,6 @@
     return err;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::repaintEverything() {
-    mRepaintEverything = true;
-    signalTransaction();
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::repaintEverythingForHWC() {
-    mRepaintEverything = true;
-    mPowerAdvisor.notifyDisplayUpdateImminent();
-    mEventQueue->invalidate();
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::kernelTimerChanged(bool expired) {
     static bool updateOverlay =
             property_get_bool("debug.sf.kernel_idle_timer_update_overlay", true);
@@ -5900,7 +5848,7 @@
 
     // Update the overlay on the main thread to avoid race conditions with
     // mRefreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate()
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=] {
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=] {
         const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
         if (!display) {
             ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
@@ -5915,7 +5863,7 @@
         const bool timerExpired = mKernelIdleTimerEnabled && expired;
 
         if (display->onKernelTimerChanged(desiredModeId, timerExpired)) {
-            mEventQueue->invalidate();
+            mScheduler->scheduleFrame();
         }
     }));
 }
@@ -6110,12 +6058,13 @@
         traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, args.uid, visitor);
     };
 
-    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, reqSize,
-                               args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected, args.grayscale,
-                               captureListener);
+    auto captureResultFuture = captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers,
+                                                   reqSize, args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected,
+                                                   args.grayscale, captureListener);
+    return captureResultFuture.get().status;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureDisplay(uint64_t displayIdOrLayerStack,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureDisplay(DisplayId displayId,
                                         const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ui::LayerStack layerStack;
     wp<const DisplayDevice> displayWeak;
@@ -6123,21 +6072,14 @@
     ui::Dataspace dataspace;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(PhysicalDisplayId{displayIdOrLayerStack});
 
-        // Fall back to first display whose layer stack matches.
-        if (!display) {
-            const auto layerStack = static_cast<ui::LayerStack>(displayIdOrLayerStack);
-            display = findDisplay(WithLayerStack(layerStack));
-        }
-
+        const auto display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayId);
         if (!display) {
             return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
 
-        layerStack = display->getLayerStack();
         displayWeak = display;
-
+        layerStack = display->getLayerStack();
         size = display->getLayerStackSpaceRect().getSize();
 
         dataspace =
@@ -6154,9 +6096,15 @@
         traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, CaptureArgs::UNSET_UID, visitor);
     };
 
-    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, size,
-                               ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, false /* allowProtected */,
-                               false /* grayscale */, captureListener);
+    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("capture screen must provide a capture listener callback");
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    auto captureResultFuture =
+            captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, size,
+                                ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, false /* allowProtected */,
+                                false /* grayscale */, captureListener);
+    return captureResultFuture.get().status;
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& args,
@@ -6226,7 +6174,9 @@
         // colors when capture.
         dataspace = args.dataspace;
         if (dataspace == ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN) {
-            auto display = findDisplay(WithLayerStack(parent->getLayerStack()));
+            auto display = findDisplay([layerStack = parent->getLayerStack()](const auto& display) {
+                return display.getLayerStack() == layerStack;
+            });
             if (!display) {
                 // If the layer is not on a display, use the dataspace for the default display.
                 display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
@@ -6274,23 +6224,28 @@
         });
     };
 
-    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, reqSize,
-                               args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected, args.grayscale,
-                               captureListener);
+    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("capture screen must provide a capture listener callback");
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    auto captureResultFuture = captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers,
+                                                   reqSize, args.pixelFormat, args.allowProtected,
+                                                   args.grayscale, captureListener);
+    return captureResultFuture.get().status;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture,
-                                             TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                             ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat,
-                                             bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
-                                             const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
+std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
+        RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
+        ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat, bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
+        const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight())) {
         ALOGE("Attempted to capture screen with size (%" PRId32 ", %" PRId32
               ") that exceeds render target size limit.",
               bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight());
-        return BAD_VALUE;
+        return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({BAD_VALUE, base::unique_fd()}).share();
     }
 
     // Loop over all visible layers to see whether there's any protected layer. A protected layer is
@@ -6300,14 +6255,15 @@
     const bool supportsProtected = getRenderEngine().supportsProtectedContent();
     bool hasProtectedLayer = false;
     if (allowProtected && supportsProtected) {
-        hasProtectedLayer = schedule([=]() {
-                                bool protectedLayerFound = false;
-                                traverseLayers([&](Layer* layer) {
-                                    protectedLayerFound = protectedLayerFound ||
-                                            (layer->isVisible() && layer->isProtected());
-                                });
-                                return protectedLayerFound;
-                            }).get();
+        auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() {
+            bool protectedLayerFound = false;
+            traverseLayers([&](Layer* layer) {
+                protectedLayerFound =
+                        protectedLayerFound || (layer->isVisible() && layer->isProtected());
+            });
+            return protectedLayerFound;
+        });
+        hasProtectedLayer = future.get();
     }
 
     const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
@@ -6330,50 +6286,67 @@
                                false /* regionSampling */, grayscale, captureListener);
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
+std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(
         RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
         const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer, bool regionSampling,
         bool grayscale, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("capture screen must provide a capture listener callback");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
     bool canCaptureBlackoutContent = hasCaptureBlackoutContentPermission();
 
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=, renderAreaFuture = std::move(renderAreaFuture)]() mutable {
-        if (mRefreshPending) {
-            ALOGW("Skipping screenshot for now");
-            captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer, regionSampling,
-                                grayscale, captureListener);
-            return;
-        }
+    auto scheduleResultFuture = mScheduler->schedule([=,
+                                                      renderAreaFuture =
+                                                              std::move(renderAreaFuture)]() mutable
+                                                     -> std::shared_future<
+                                                             renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
         ScreenCaptureResults captureResults;
         std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> renderArea = renderAreaFuture.get();
         if (!renderArea) {
             ALOGW("Skipping screen capture because of invalid render area.");
             captureResults.result = NO_MEMORY;
             captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-            return;
+            return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()})
+                    .share();
         }
 
-        status_t result = NO_ERROR;
+        std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> renderEngineResultFuture;
+
         renderArea->render([&] {
-            result = renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer,
-                                            canCaptureBlackoutContent, regionSampling, grayscale,
-                                            captureResults);
+            renderEngineResultFuture =
+                    renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer,
+                                           canCaptureBlackoutContent, regionSampling, grayscale,
+                                           captureResults);
         });
+        // spring up a thread to unblock SF main thread and wait for
+        // RenderEngineResult to be available
+        if (captureListener != nullptr) {
+            std::async([=]() mutable {
+                ATRACE_NAME("captureListener is nonnull!");
+                auto& [status, drawFence] = renderEngineResultFuture.get();
+                captureResults.result = status;
+                captureResults.fence = new Fence(dup(drawFence));
+                captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
+            });
+        }
+        return renderEngineResultFuture;
+    });
 
-        captureResults.result = result;
-        captureListener->onScreenCaptureCompleted(captureResults);
-    }));
-
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    // flatten scheduleResultFuture object to single shared_future object
+    if (captureListener == nullptr) {
+        std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> captureScreenResultFuture =
+                ftl::chain(std::move(scheduleResultFuture))
+                        .then([=](std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> futureObject)
+                                      -> renderengine::RenderEngineResult {
+                            auto& [status, drawFence] = futureObject.get();
+                            return {status, base::unique_fd(dup(drawFence))};
+                        });
+        return captureScreenResultFuture.share();
+    } else {
+        return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}).share();
+    }
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImplLocked(
+std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImplLocked(
         const RenderArea& renderArea, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
         const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
         bool canCaptureBlackoutContent, bool regionSampling, bool grayscale,
@@ -6392,7 +6365,8 @@
     // the impetus on WindowManager to not persist them.
     if (captureResults.capturedSecureLayers && !canCaptureBlackoutContent) {
         ALOGW("FB is protected: PERMISSION_DENIED");
-        return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+        return ftl::yield<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({PERMISSION_DENIED, base::unique_fd()})
+                .share();
     }
 
     captureResults.buffer = buffer->getBuffer();
@@ -6432,7 +6406,6 @@
 
     const auto display = renderArea.getDisplayDevice();
     std::vector<Layer*> renderedLayers;
-    Region clearRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
     bool disableBlurs = false;
     traverseLayers([&](Layer* layer) {
         disableBlurs |= layer->getDrawingState().sidebandStream != nullptr;
@@ -6444,7 +6417,6 @@
                         renderArea.needsFiltering(),
                 renderArea.isSecure(),
                 useProtected,
-                clearRegion,
                 layerStackSpaceRect,
                 clientCompositionDisplay.outputDataspace,
                 true,  /* realContentIsVisible */
@@ -6476,35 +6448,35 @@
 
     });
 
-    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> clientCompositionLayerPointers(
-            clientCompositionLayers.size());
+    std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings> clientRenderEngineLayers;
+    clientRenderEngineLayers.reserve(clientCompositionLayers.size());
     std::transform(clientCompositionLayers.begin(), clientCompositionLayers.end(),
-                   clientCompositionLayerPointers.begin(),
-                   std::pointer_traits<renderengine::LayerSettings*>::pointer_to);
+                   std::back_inserter(clientRenderEngineLayers),
+                   [](compositionengine::LayerFE::LayerSettings& settings)
+                           -> renderengine::LayerSettings { return settings; });
 
-    clientCompositionDisplay.clearRegion = clearRegion;
     // Use an empty fence for the buffer fence, since we just created the buffer so
     // there is no need for synchronization with the GPU.
     base::unique_fd bufferFence;
-    base::unique_fd drawFence;
     getRenderEngine().useProtectedContext(useProtected);
 
     const constexpr bool kUseFramebufferCache = false;
-    getRenderEngine().drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, buffer,
-                                 kUseFramebufferCache, std::move(bufferFence), &drawFence);
+    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> drawLayersResult =
+            getRenderEngine().drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientRenderEngineLayers, buffer,
+                                         kUseFramebufferCache, std::move(bufferFence));
 
-    if (drawFence >= 0) {
-        sp<Fence> releaseFence = new Fence(dup(drawFence));
-        for (auto* layer : renderedLayers) {
-            layer->onLayerDisplayed(releaseFence);
-        }
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> drawLayersResultFuture =
+            drawLayersResult.share(); // drawLayersResult will be moved to shared one
+
+    for (auto* layer : renderedLayers) {
+        // make a copy of shared_future object for each layer
+        layer->onLayerDisplayed(drawLayersResultFuture);
     }
 
-    captureResults.fence = new Fence(drawFence.release());
     // Always switch back to unprotected context.
     getRenderEngine().useProtectedContext(false);
 
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return drawLayersResultFuture;
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::windowInfosReported() {
@@ -6531,12 +6503,12 @@
     // We loop through the first level of layers without traversing,
     // as we need to determine which layers belong to the requested display.
     for (const auto& layer : mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ) {
-        if (!layer->belongsToDisplay(layerStack)) {
+        if (layer->getLayerStack() != layerStack) {
             continue;
         }
         // relative layers are traversed in Layer::traverseInZOrder
         layer->traverseInZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing, [&](Layer* layer) {
-            if (layer->getPrimaryDisplayOnly()) {
+            if (layer->isInternalDisplayOverlay()) {
                 return;
             }
             if (!layer->isVisible()) {
@@ -6600,7 +6572,7 @@
     if (display->refreshRateConfigs().isModeAllowed(preferredDisplayMode->getId())) {
         ALOGV("switching to Scheduler preferred display mode %d",
               preferredDisplayMode->getId().value());
-        setDesiredActiveMode({preferredDisplayMode, Scheduler::ModeEvent::Changed});
+        setDesiredActiveMode({preferredDisplayMode, DisplayModeEvent::Changed});
     } else {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Desired display mode not allowed: %d",
                          preferredDisplayMode->getId().value());
@@ -6619,7 +6591,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    auto future = schedule([=]() -> status_t {
+    auto future = mScheduler->schedule([=]() -> status_t {
         const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken));
         if (!display) {
             ALOGE("Attempt to set desired display modes for invalid display token %p",
@@ -6632,8 +6604,10 @@
             using Policy = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy;
             const Policy policy{DisplayModeId(defaultMode),
                                 allowGroupSwitching,
-                                {Fps(primaryRefreshRateMin), Fps(primaryRefreshRateMax)},
-                                {Fps(appRequestRefreshRateMin), Fps(appRequestRefreshRateMax)}};
+                                {Fps::fromValue(primaryRefreshRateMin),
+                                 Fps::fromValue(primaryRefreshRateMax)},
+                                {Fps::fromValue(appRequestRefreshRateMin),
+                                 Fps::fromValue(appRequestRefreshRateMax)}};
             constexpr bool kOverridePolicy = false;
 
             return setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(display, policy, kOverridePolicy);
@@ -6695,6 +6669,11 @@
     if (!layer->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
         mScheduler->deregisterLayer(layer);
     }
+    mTransactionTracing.onLayerRemoved(layer->getSequence());
+}
+
+void SurfaceFlinger::onLayerUpdate() {
+    scheduleCommit(FrameHint::kActive);
 }
 
 // WARNING: ONLY CALL THIS FROM LAYER DTOR
@@ -6750,7 +6729,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([=] {
+    static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=] {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
         if (authenticateSurfaceTextureLocked(surface)) {
             sp<Layer> layer = (static_cast<MonitoredProducer*>(surface.get()))->getLayer();
@@ -6761,7 +6740,7 @@
             const auto strategy =
                     Layer::FrameRate::convertChangeFrameRateStrategy(changeFrameRateStrategy);
             if (layer->setFrameRate(
-                        Layer::FrameRate(Fps{frameRate},
+                        Layer::FrameRate(Fps::fromValue(frameRate),
                                          Layer::FrameRate::convertCompatibility(compatibility),
                                          strategy))) {
                 setTransactionFlags(eTraversalNeeded);
@@ -6776,74 +6755,6 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken(sp<IBinder>* outToken) {
-    if (!outToken) {
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    auto future = schedule([this] {
-        status_t result = NO_ERROR;
-        sp<IBinder> token;
-
-        if (mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount == 0) {
-            const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
-
-            // This is a little racy, but not in a way that hurts anything. As we grab the
-            // defaultMode from the display manager policy, we could be setting a new display
-            // manager policy, leaving us using a stale defaultMode. The defaultMode doesn't
-            // matter for the override policy though, since we set allowGroupSwitching to
-            // true, so it's not a problem.
-            scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy overridePolicy;
-            overridePolicy.defaultMode =
-                    display->refreshRateConfigs().getDisplayManagerPolicy().defaultMode;
-            overridePolicy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
-            constexpr bool kOverridePolicy = true;
-            result = setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(display, overridePolicy, kOverridePolicy);
-        }
-
-        if (result == NO_ERROR) {
-            mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount++;
-            // Handing out a reference to the SurfaceFlinger object, as we're doing in the line
-            // below, is something to consider carefully. The lifetime of the
-            // FrameRateFlexibilityToken isn't tied to SurfaceFlinger object lifetime, so if this
-            // SurfaceFlinger object were to be destroyed while the token still exists, the token
-            // destructor would be accessing a stale SurfaceFlinger reference, and crash. This is ok
-            // in this case, for two reasons:
-            //   1. Once SurfaceFlinger::run() is called by main_surfaceflinger.cpp, the only way
-            //   the program exits is via a crash. So we won't have a situation where the
-            //   SurfaceFlinger object is dead but the process is still up.
-            //   2. The frame rate flexibility token is acquired/released only by CTS tests, so even
-            //   if condition 1 were changed, the problem would only show up when running CTS tests,
-            //   not on end user devices, so we could spot it and fix it without serious impact.
-            token = new FrameRateFlexibilityToken(
-                    [this]() { onFrameRateFlexibilityTokenReleased(); });
-            ALOGD("Frame rate flexibility token acquired. count=%d",
-                  mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount);
-        }
-
-        return std::make_pair(result, token);
-    });
-
-    status_t result;
-    std::tie(result, *outToken) = future.get();
-    return result;
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::onFrameRateFlexibilityTokenReleased() {
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([this] {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount == 0,
-                            "Failed tracking frame rate flexibility tokens");
-        mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount--;
-        ALOGD("Frame rate flexibility token released. count=%d", mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount);
-        if (mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount == 0) {
-            const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
-            constexpr bool kOverridePolicy = true;
-            status_t result = setDesiredDisplayModeSpecsInternal(display, {}, kOverridePolicy);
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result < 0, "Failed releasing frame rate flexibility token");
-        }
-    }));
-}
-
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setFrameTimelineInfo(const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface,
                                               const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
@@ -6895,33 +6806,29 @@
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getMaxAcquiredBufferCount(int* buffers) const {
-    const auto maxSupportedRefreshRate = [&] {
-        const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDevice();
-        if (display) {
-            return display->refreshRateConfigs().getSupportedRefreshRateRange().max;
+    Fps maxRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+
+    if (!getHwComposer().isHeadless()) {
+        if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDevice()) {
+            maxRefreshRate = display->refreshRateConfigs().getSupportedRefreshRateRange().max;
         }
-        ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
-        return Fps(60);
-    }();
-    *buffers = getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(maxSupportedRefreshRate);
+    }
+
+    *buffers = getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(maxRefreshRate);
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-int SurfaceFlinger::getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(uid_t uid) const {
-    const auto refreshRate = [&] {
-        const auto frameRateOverride = mScheduler->getFrameRateOverride(uid);
-        if (frameRateOverride.has_value()) {
-            return frameRateOverride.value();
-        }
+uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(uid_t uid) const {
+    Fps refreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
-        const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked());
-        if (display) {
-            return display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
+    if (const auto frameRateOverride = mScheduler->getFrameRateOverride(uid)) {
+        refreshRate = *frameRateOverride;
+    } else if (!getHwComposer().isHeadless()) {
+        if (const auto display = ON_MAIN_THREAD(getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked())) {
+            refreshRate = display->refreshRateConfigs().getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
         }
+    }
 
-        ALOGW("%s: default display is null", __func__);
-        return Fps(60);
-    }();
     return getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForRefreshRate(refreshRate);
 }
 
@@ -6931,7 +6838,7 @@
     return calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(refreshRate, presentLatency);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::TransactionState::traverseStatesWithBuffers(
+void TransactionState::traverseStatesWithBuffers(
         std::function<void(const layer_state_t&)> visitor) {
     for (const auto& state : states) {
         if (state.state.hasBufferChanges() && state.state.hasValidBuffer() && state.state.surface) {
@@ -6941,11 +6848,10 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::setLayerCreatedState(const sp<IBinder>& handle, const wp<Layer>& layer,
-                                          const wp<IBinder>& parent, const wp<Layer> parentLayer,
-                                          const wp<IBinder>& producer, bool addToRoot) {
+                                          const wp<Layer> parent, bool addToRoot) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mCreatedLayersLock);
     mCreatedLayers[handle->localBinder()] =
-            std::make_unique<LayerCreatedState>(layer, parent, parentLayer, producer, addToRoot);
+            std::make_unique<LayerCreatedState>(layer, parent, addToRoot);
 }
 
 auto SurfaceFlinger::getLayerCreatedState(const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
@@ -6983,19 +6889,16 @@
     }
 
     sp<Layer> parent;
-    bool allowAddRoot = state->addToRoot;
+    bool addToRoot = state->addToRoot;
     if (state->initialParent != nullptr) {
-        parent = fromHandle(state->initialParent.promote()).promote();
+        parent = state->initialParent.promote();
         if (parent == nullptr) {
             ALOGE("Invalid parent %p", state->initialParent.unsafe_get());
-            allowAddRoot = false;
+            addToRoot = false;
         }
-    } else if (state->initialParentLayer != nullptr) {
-        parent = state->initialParentLayer.promote();
-        allowAddRoot = false;
     }
 
-    if (parent == nullptr && allowAddRoot) {
+    if (parent == nullptr && addToRoot) {
         layer->setIsAtRoot(true);
         mCurrentState.layersSortedByZ.add(layer);
     } else if (parent == nullptr) {
@@ -7009,32 +6912,16 @@
 
     layer->updateTransformHint(mActiveDisplayTransformHint);
 
-    if (state->initialProducer != nullptr) {
-        mGraphicBufferProducerList.insert(state->initialProducer);
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mGraphicBufferProducerList.size() > mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize,
-                            "Suspected IGBP leak: %zu IGBPs (%zu max), %zu Layers",
-                            mGraphicBufferProducerList.size(), mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize,
-                            mNumLayers.load());
-        if (mGraphicBufferProducerList.size() > mGraphicBufferProducerListSizeLogThreshold) {
-            ALOGW("Suspected IGBP leak: %zu IGBPs (%zu max), %zu Layers",
-                  mGraphicBufferProducerList.size(), mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize,
-                  mNumLayers.load());
-        }
-    }
-
+    mInterceptor->saveSurfaceCreation(layer);
     return layer;
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::scheduleRegionSamplingThread() {
-    static_cast<void>(schedule([&] { notifyRegionSamplingThread(); }));
-}
-
-void SurfaceFlinger::notifyRegionSamplingThread() {
+void SurfaceFlinger::sample() {
     if (!mLumaSampling || !mRegionSamplingThread) {
         return;
     }
 
-    mRegionSamplingThread->onCompositionComplete(mEventQueue->nextExpectedInvalidate());
+    mRegionSamplingThread->onCompositionComplete(mScheduler->getScheduledFrameTime());
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::onActiveDisplaySizeChanged(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 74fe7d9..17dfef9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
  */
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
-#include <compositionengine/OutputColorSetting.h>
 #include <cutils/atomic.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
 #include <gui/LayerState.h>
-#include <gui/OccupancyTracker.h>
 #include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
 #include <math/mat4.h>
 #include <renderengine/LayerSettings.h>
@@ -48,13 +46,15 @@
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 #include <utils/threads.h>
 
+#include <compositionengine/OutputColorSetting.h>
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
 #include "ClientCache.h"
 #include "DisplayDevice.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h"
 #include "DisplayIdGenerator.h"
 #include "Effects/Daltonizer.h"
-#include "Fps.h"
 #include "FrameTracker.h"
 #include "LayerVector.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
@@ -62,9 +62,11 @@
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncModulator.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerFactory.h"
-#include "SurfaceTracing.h"
 #include "TracedOrdinal.h"
+#include "Tracing/LayerTracing.h"
+#include "Tracing/TransactionTracing.h"
 #include "TransactionCallbackInvoker.h"
+#include "TransactionState.h"
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@
 
 class Client;
 class EventThread;
+class FlagManager;
 class FpsReporter;
 class TunnelModeEnabledReporter;
 class HdrLayerInfoReporter;
@@ -103,6 +106,7 @@
 class FrameTracer;
 class WindowInfosListenerInvoker;
 
+using gui::IRegionSamplingListener;
 using gui::ScreenCaptureResults;
 
 namespace frametimeline {
@@ -133,6 +137,8 @@
     eTransactionMask = 0x1f,
 };
 
+enum class LatchUnsignaledConfig { Always, Auto, Disabled };
+
 using DisplayColorSetting = compositionengine::OutputColorSetting;
 
 struct SurfaceFlingerBE {
@@ -154,29 +160,14 @@
     nsecs_t mFrameBuckets[NUM_BUCKETS] = {};
     nsecs_t mTotalTime = 0;
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mLastSwapTime = 0;
-
-    // Double- vs. triple-buffering stats
-    struct BufferingStats {
-        size_t numSegments = 0;
-        nsecs_t totalTime = 0;
-
-        // "Two buffer" means that a third buffer was never used, whereas
-        // "double-buffered" means that on average the segment only used two
-        // buffers (though it may have used a third for some part of the
-        // segment)
-        nsecs_t twoBufferTime = 0;
-        nsecs_t doubleBufferedTime = 0;
-        nsecs_t tripleBufferedTime = 0;
-    };
-    mutable Mutex mBufferingStatsMutex;
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, BufferingStats> mBufferingStats;
 };
 
 class SurfaceFlinger : public BnSurfaceComposer,
                        public PriorityDumper,
                        private IBinder::DeathRecipient,
                        private HWC2::ComposerCallback,
-                       private ISchedulerCallback {
+                       private ICompositor,
+                       private scheduler::ISchedulerCallback {
 public:
     struct SkipInitializationTag {};
 
@@ -243,7 +234,7 @@
     static ui::Rotation internalDisplayOrientation;
 
     // Indicate if device wants color management on its display.
-    static bool useColorManagement;
+    static const constexpr bool useColorManagement = true;
 
     static bool useContextPriority;
 
@@ -259,18 +250,13 @@
     static ui::Dataspace wideColorGamutCompositionDataspace;
     static ui::PixelFormat wideColorGamutCompositionPixelFormat;
 
-    // Whether to use frame rate API when deciding about the refresh rate of the display. This
-    // variable is caches in SF, so that we can check it with each layer creation, and a void the
-    // overhead that is caused by reading from sysprop.
-    static bool useFrameRateApi;
-
     static constexpr SkipInitializationTag SkipInitialization;
 
     // Whether or not SDR layers should be dimmed to the desired SDR white point instead of
     // being treated as native display brightness
     static bool enableSdrDimming;
 
-    static bool enableLatchUnsignaled;
+    static LatchUnsignaledConfig enableLatchUnsignaledConfig;
 
     // must be called before clients can connect
     void init() ANDROID_API;
@@ -281,12 +267,14 @@
     SurfaceFlingerBE& getBE() { return mBE; }
     const SurfaceFlingerBE& getBE() const { return mBE; }
 
-    // Schedule an asynchronous or synchronous task on the main thread.
-    template <typename F, typename T = std::invoke_result_t<F>>
-    [[nodiscard]] std::future<T> schedule(F&&);
-
-    // force full composition on all displays
-    void repaintEverything();
+    // Schedule commit of transactions on the main thread ahead of the next VSYNC.
+    void scheduleCommit(FrameHint);
+    // As above, but also force composite regardless if transactions were committed.
+    void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) override;
+    // As above, but also force dirty geometry to repaint.
+    void scheduleRepaint();
+    // Schedule sampling independently from commit or composite.
+    void scheduleSample();
 
     surfaceflinger::Factory& getFactory() { return mFactory; }
 
@@ -300,11 +288,6 @@
     // utility function to delete a texture on the main thread
     void deleteTextureAsync(uint32_t texture);
 
-    // called on the main thread by MessageQueue when an internal message
-    // is received
-    // TODO: this should be made accessible only to MessageQueue
-    void onMessageReceived(int32_t what, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime);
-
     renderengine::RenderEngine& getRenderEngine() const;
 
     bool authenticateSurfaceTextureLocked(
@@ -312,6 +295,7 @@
 
     void onLayerFirstRef(Layer*);
     void onLayerDestroyed(Layer*);
+    void onLayerUpdate();
 
     void removeHierarchyFromOffscreenLayers(Layer* layer);
     void removeFromOffscreenLayers(Layer* layer);
@@ -343,14 +327,6 @@
     // We're reference counted, never destroy SurfaceFlinger directly
     virtual ~SurfaceFlinger();
 
-    virtual uint32_t setClientStateLocked(
-            const FrameTimelineInfo& info, const ComposerState& composerState,
-            int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t postTime,
-            uint32_t permissions,
-            std::unordered_set<ListenerCallbacks, ListenerCallbacksHash>& listenerCallbacks)
-            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-    virtual void commitTransactionLocked();
-
     virtual void processDisplayAdded(const wp<IBinder>& displayToken, const DisplayDeviceState&)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
@@ -360,6 +336,10 @@
         return static_cast<bool>(findDisplay(p));
     }
 
+    bool exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) const {
+        return width > mMaxRenderTargetSize || height > mMaxRenderTargetSize;
+    }
+
 private:
     friend class BufferLayer;
     friend class BufferQueueLayer;
@@ -371,14 +351,13 @@
     friend class MonitoredProducer;
     friend class RefreshRateOverlay;
     friend class RegionSamplingThread;
-    friend class SurfaceTracing;
+    friend class LayerTracing;
 
     // For unit tests
     friend class TestableSurfaceFlinger;
     friend class TransactionApplicationTest;
     friend class TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest;
 
-    using RefreshRate = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate;
     using VsyncModulator = scheduler::VsyncModulator;
     using TransactionSchedule = scheduler::TransactionSchedule;
     using TraverseLayersFunction = std::function<void(const LayerVector::Visitor&)>;
@@ -471,96 +450,6 @@
         hal::Connection connection = hal::Connection::INVALID;
     };
 
-    class CountDownLatch {
-    public:
-        enum {
-            eSyncTransaction = 1 << 0,
-            eSyncInputWindows = 1 << 1,
-        };
-        explicit CountDownLatch(uint32_t flags) : mFlags(flags) {}
-
-        // True if there is no waiting condition after count down.
-        bool countDown(uint32_t flag) {
-            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-            if (mFlags == 0) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            mFlags &= ~flag;
-            if (mFlags == 0) {
-                mCountDownComplete.notify_all();
-                return true;
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Return true if triggered.
-        bool wait_until(const std::chrono::seconds& timeout) const {
-            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-            const auto untilTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now() + timeout;
-            while (mFlags != 0) {
-                // Conditional variables can be woken up sporadically, so we check count
-                // to verify the wakeup was triggered by |countDown|.
-                if (std::cv_status::timeout == mCountDownComplete.wait_until(lock, untilTime)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        uint32_t mFlags;
-        mutable std::condition_variable mCountDownComplete;
-        mutable std::mutex mMutex;
-    };
-
-    struct TransactionState {
-        TransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
-                         const Vector<ComposerState>& composerStates,
-                         const Vector<DisplayState>& displayStates, uint32_t transactionFlags,
-                         const sp<IBinder>& applyToken,
-                         const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
-                         bool isAutoTimestamp, const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer,
-                         int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions, bool hasListenerCallbacks,
-                         std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks, int originPid,
-                         int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
-              : frameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo),
-                states(composerStates),
-                displays(displayStates),
-                flags(transactionFlags),
-                applyToken(applyToken),
-                inputWindowCommands(inputWindowCommands),
-                desiredPresentTime(desiredPresentTime),
-                isAutoTimestamp(isAutoTimestamp),
-                buffer(uncacheBuffer),
-                postTime(postTime),
-                permissions(permissions),
-                hasListenerCallbacks(hasListenerCallbacks),
-                listenerCallbacks(listenerCallbacks),
-                originPid(originPid),
-                originUid(originUid),
-                id(transactionId) {}
-
-        void traverseStatesWithBuffers(std::function<void(const layer_state_t&)> visitor);
-
-        FrameTimelineInfo frameTimelineInfo;
-        Vector<ComposerState> states;
-        Vector<DisplayState> displays;
-        uint32_t flags;
-        sp<IBinder> applyToken;
-        InputWindowCommands inputWindowCommands;
-        const int64_t desiredPresentTime;
-        const bool isAutoTimestamp;
-        client_cache_t buffer;
-        const int64_t postTime;
-        uint32_t permissions;
-        bool hasListenerCallbacks;
-        std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks;
-        int originPid;
-        int originUid;
-        uint64_t id;
-        std::shared_ptr<CountDownLatch> transactionCommittedSignal;
-    };
-
     template <typename F, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_member_function_pointer_v<F>>* = nullptr>
     static Dumper dumper(F&& dump) {
         using namespace std::placeholders;
@@ -631,12 +520,10 @@
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection(
             ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource vsyncSource = eVsyncSourceApp,
             ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {}) override;
-    status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs& args,
-                            const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) override;
-    status_t captureDisplay(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack,
-                            const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) override;
-    status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs& args,
-                           const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>& captureListener) override;
+
+    status_t captureDisplay(const DisplayCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override;
+    status_t captureDisplay(DisplayId, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override;
+    status_t captureLayers(const LayerCaptureArgs&, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&) override;
 
     status_t getDisplayStats(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, DisplayStatInfo* stats) override;
     status_t getDisplayState(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, ui::DisplayState*)
@@ -709,7 +596,6 @@
                                      float lightPosY, float lightPosZ, float lightRadius) override;
     status_t setFrameRate(const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface, float frameRate,
                           int8_t compatibility, int8_t changeFrameRateStrategy) override;
-    status_t acquireFrameRateFlexibilityToken(sp<IBinder>* outToken) override;
 
     status_t setFrameTimelineInfo(const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface,
                                   const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo) override;
@@ -729,9 +615,6 @@
     // Implements IBinder::DeathRecipient.
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
 
-    // Implements RefBase.
-    void onFirstRef() override;
-
     // HWC2::ComposerCallback overrides:
     void onComposerHalVsync(hal::HWDisplayId, int64_t timestamp,
                             std::optional<hal::VsyncPeriodNanos>) override;
@@ -741,16 +624,27 @@
                                                const hal::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline&) override;
     void onComposerHalSeamlessPossible(hal::HWDisplayId) override;
 
+    // ICompositor overrides:
+
+    // Commits transactions for layers and displays. Returns whether any state has been invalidated,
+    // i.e. whether a frame should be composited for each display.
+    bool commit(nsecs_t frameTime, int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime) override;
+
+    // Composites a frame for each display. CompositionEngine performs GPU and/or HAL composition
+    // via RenderEngine and the Composer HAL, respectively.
+    void composite(nsecs_t frameTime) override;
+
+    // Samples the composited frame via RegionSamplingThread.
+    void sample() override;
+
     /*
      * ISchedulerCallback
      */
 
     // Toggles hardware VSYNC by calling into HWC.
     void setVsyncEnabled(bool) override;
-    // Initiates a refresh rate change to be applied on invalidate.
-    void changeRefreshRate(const Scheduler::RefreshRate&, Scheduler::ModeEvent) override;
-    // Forces full composition on all displays without resetting the scheduler idle timer.
-    void repaintEverythingForHWC() override;
+    // Initiates a refresh rate change to be applied on commit.
+    void changeRefreshRate(const RefreshRate&, DisplayModeEvent) override;
     // Called when kernel idle timer has expired. Used to update the refresh rate overlay.
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool expired) override;
     // Called when the frame rate override list changed to trigger an event.
@@ -763,26 +657,16 @@
     // Show spinner with refresh rate overlay
     bool mRefreshRateOverlaySpinner = false;
 
-    /*
-     * Message handling
-     */
-    // Can only be called from the main thread or with mStateLock held
-    void signalTransaction();
-    // Can only be called from the main thread or with mStateLock held
-    void signalLayerUpdate();
-    void signalRefresh();
-
     // Called on the main thread in response to initializeDisplays()
     void onInitializeDisplays() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // Sets the desired active mode bit. It obtains the lock, and sets mDesiredActiveMode.
     void setDesiredActiveMode(const ActiveModeInfo& info) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-    status_t setActiveMode(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, int id);
-    // Once HWC has returned the present fence, this sets the active mode and a new refresh
-    // rate in SF.
-    void setActiveModeInternal() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    status_t setActiveModeFromBackdoor(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, int id);
+    // Sets the active mode and a new refresh rate in SF.
+    void updateInternalStateWithChangedMode() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // Calls to setActiveMode on the main thread if there is a pending mode change
     // that needs to be applied.
-    void performSetActiveMode() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    void setActiveModeInHwcIfNeeded() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void clearDesiredActiveModeState(const sp<DisplayDevice>&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // Called when active mode is no longer is progress
     void desiredActiveModeChangeDone(const sp<DisplayDevice>&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
@@ -796,25 +680,18 @@
             const std::optional<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::Policy>& policy, bool overridePolicy)
             EXCLUDES(mStateLock);
 
-    // Handle the INVALIDATE message queue event, latching new buffers and applying
-    // incoming transactions
-    void onMessageInvalidate(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTime);
+    void commitTransactions() EXCLUDES(mStateLock);
+    void commitTransactionsLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    void doCommitTransactions() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
-    // Returns whether the transaction actually modified any state
-    bool handleMessageTransaction();
+    // Returns whether a new buffer has been latched.
+    bool latchBuffers();
 
-    // Handle the REFRESH message queue event, sending the current frame down to RenderEngine and
-    // the Composer HAL for presentation
-    void onMessageRefresh();
-
-    // Returns whether a new buffer has been latched (see handlePageFlip())
-    bool handleMessageInvalidate();
-
-    void handleTransaction(uint32_t transactionFlags);
-    void handleTransactionLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    void updateLayerGeometry();
 
     void updateInputFlinger();
-    void notifyWindowInfos();
+    void buildWindowInfos(std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& outWindowInfos,
+                          std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo>& outDisplayInfos);
     void commitInputWindowCommands() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void updateCursorAsync();
 
@@ -822,16 +699,11 @@
     void updatePhaseConfiguration(const Fps&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void setVsyncConfig(const VsyncModulator::VsyncConfig&, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod);
 
-    /* handlePageFlip - latch a new buffer if available and compute the dirty
-     * region. Returns whether a new buffer has been latched, i.e., whether it
-     * is necessary to perform a refresh during this vsync.
-     */
-    bool handlePageFlip();
 
     /*
      * Transactions
      */
-    void applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& info, const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
+    bool applyTransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& info, const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
                                const Vector<DisplayState>& displays, uint32_t flags,
                                const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
                                const int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
@@ -841,27 +713,44 @@
                                int originPid, int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     // flush pending transaction that was presented after desiredPresentTime.
-    void flushTransactionQueues();
+    bool flushTransactionQueues(int64_t vsyncId);
     // Returns true if there is at least one transaction that needs to be flushed
     bool transactionFlushNeeded();
-    uint32_t getTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags);
-    uint32_t peekTransactionFlags();
-    // Can only be called from the main thread or with mStateLock held
-    uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags);
+
+    uint32_t setClientStateLocked(const FrameTimelineInfo&, const ComposerState&,
+                                  int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                                  int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+
+    uint32_t getTransactionFlags() const;
+
+    // Sets the masked bits, and returns the old flags.
+    uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask);
+
+    // Clears and returns the masked bits.
+    uint32_t clearTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask);
+
     // Indicate SF should call doTraversal on layers, but don't trigger a wakeup! We use this cases
     // where there are still pending transactions but we know they won't be ready until a frame
     // arrives from a different layer. So we need to ensure we performTransaction from invalidate
     // but there is no need to try and wake up immediately to do it. Rather we rely on
     // onFrameAvailable or another layer update to wake us up.
     void setTraversalNeeded();
-    uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags, TransactionSchedule, const sp<IBinder>& = {});
-    void commitTransaction() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t mask, TransactionSchedule,
+                                 const sp<IBinder>& applyToken = {});
     void commitOffscreenLayers();
     bool transactionIsReadyToBeApplied(
             const FrameTimelineInfo& info, bool isAutoTimestamp, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
             uid_t originUid, const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
             const std::unordered_set<sp<IBinder>, ISurfaceComposer::SpHash<IBinder>>&
-                    bufferLayersReadyToPresent) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+                    bufferLayersReadyToPresent,
+            bool allowLatchUnsignaled) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    static LatchUnsignaledConfig getLatchUnsignaledConfig();
+    bool latchUnsignaledIsAllowed(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    bool allowedLatchUnsignaled() REQUIRES(mQueueLock, mStateLock);
+    bool checkTransactionCanLatchUnsignaled(const TransactionState& transaction)
+            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    bool applyTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions, int64_t vsyncId)
+            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     uint32_t setDisplayStateLocked(const DisplayState& s) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     uint32_t addInputWindowCommands(const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands)
             REQUIRES(mStateLock);
@@ -869,35 +758,27 @@
     /*
      * Layer management
      */
-    status_t createLayer(const String8& name, const sp<Client>& client, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
-                         PixelFormat format, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata,
-                         sp<IBinder>* handle, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp,
+    status_t createLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
                          const sp<IBinder>& parentHandle, int32_t* outLayerId,
                          const sp<Layer>& parentLayer = nullptr,
                          uint32_t* outTransformHint = nullptr);
 
-    status_t createBufferQueueLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name, uint32_t w,
-                                    uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata,
-                                    PixelFormat& format, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
-                                    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* outGbp, sp<Layer>* outLayer);
+    status_t createBufferQueueLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, PixelFormat& format,
+                                    sp<IBinder>* outHandle, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* outGbp,
+                                    sp<Layer>* outLayer);
 
-    status_t createBufferStateLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name, uint32_t w,
-                                    uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata,
-                                    sp<IBinder>* outHandle, sp<Layer>* outLayer);
+    status_t createBufferStateLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
+                                    sp<Layer>* outLayer);
 
-    status_t createEffectLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
-                               uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
+    status_t createEffectLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
                                sp<Layer>* outLayer);
 
-    status_t createContainerLayer(const sp<Client>& client, std::string name, uint32_t w,
-                                  uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata,
-                                  sp<IBinder>* outHandle, sp<Layer>* outLayer);
+    status_t createContainerLayer(LayerCreationArgs& args, sp<IBinder>* outHandle,
+                                  sp<Layer>* outLayer);
 
     status_t mirrorLayer(const sp<Client>& client, const sp<IBinder>& mirrorFromHandle,
                          sp<IBinder>* outHandle, int32_t* outLayerId);
 
-    std::string getUniqueLayerName(const char* name);
-
     // called when all clients have released all their references to
     // this layer meaning it is entirely safe to destroy all
     // resources associated to this layer.
@@ -906,9 +787,8 @@
 
     // add a layer to SurfaceFlinger
     status_t addClientLayer(const sp<Client>& client, const sp<IBinder>& handle,
-                            const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& gbc, const sp<Layer>& lbc,
-                            const sp<IBinder>& parentHandle, const sp<Layer>& parentLayer,
-                            bool addToRoot, uint32_t* outTransformHint);
+                            const sp<Layer>& lbc, const wp<Layer>& parentLayer, bool addToRoot,
+                            uint32_t* outTransformHint);
 
     // Traverse through all the layers and compute and cache its bounds.
     void computeLayerBounds();
@@ -916,17 +796,17 @@
     // Boot animation, on/off animations and screen capture
     void startBootAnim();
 
-    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, ui::Size bufferSize,
-                                 ui::PixelFormat, bool allowProtected, bool grayscale,
-                                 const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
-    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction,
-                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                 bool regionSampling, bool grayscale,
-                                 const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
-    status_t renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea&, TraverseLayersFunction,
-                                    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                    bool canCaptureBlackoutContent, bool regionSampling,
-                                    bool grayscale, ScreenCaptureResults&);
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> captureScreenCommon(
+            RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, ui::Size bufferSize, ui::PixelFormat,
+            bool allowProtected, bool grayscale, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> captureScreenCommon(
+            RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction,
+            const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, bool regionSampling,
+            bool grayscale, const sp<IScreenCaptureListener>&);
+    std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> renderScreenImplLocked(
+            const RenderArea&, TraverseLayersFunction,
+            const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, bool canCaptureBlackoutContent,
+            bool regionSampling, bool grayscale, ScreenCaptureResults&);
 
     // If the uid provided is not UNSET_UID, the traverse will skip any layers that don't have a
     // matching ownerUid
@@ -934,11 +814,7 @@
 
     void readPersistentProperties();
 
-    bool exceedsMaxRenderTargetSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) const {
-        return width > mMaxRenderTargetSize || height > mMaxRenderTargetSize;
-    }
-
-    int getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(uid_t uid) const;
+    uint32_t getMaxAcquiredBufferCountForCurrentRefreshRate(uid_t uid) const;
 
     /*
      * Display and layer stack management
@@ -1009,8 +885,6 @@
     // region of all screens presenting this layer stack.
     void invalidateLayerStack(const sp<const Layer>& layer, const Region& dirty);
 
-    sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayWithInputByLayer(Layer* layer) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     bool isDisplayActiveLocked(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
         return display->getDisplayToken() == mActiveDisplayToken;
     }
@@ -1029,8 +903,6 @@
     /*
      * Compositing
      */
-    void invalidateHwcGeometry();
-
     void postComposition();
     void getCompositorTiming(CompositorTiming* compositorTiming);
     void updateCompositorTiming(const DisplayStatInfo& stats, nsecs_t compositeTime,
@@ -1070,10 +942,6 @@
         getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(id, enabled);
     }
 
-    // Sets the refresh rate by switching active configs, if they are available for
-    // the desired refresh rate.
-    void changeRefreshRateLocked(const RefreshRate&, Scheduler::ModeEvent) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     struct FenceWithFenceTime {
         sp<Fence> fence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
         std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> fenceTime = FenceTime::NO_FENCE;
@@ -1119,15 +987,19 @@
         return {};
     }
 
-    // TODO(b/74619554): Remove special cases for primary display.
+    // TODO(b/182939859): SF conflates the primary (a.k.a. default) display with the first display
+    // connected at boot, which is typically internal. (Theoretically, it must be internal because
+    // SF does not support disconnecting it, though in practice HWC may circumvent this limitation.)
+    //
+    // SF inherits getInternalDisplayToken and getInternalDisplayId from ISurfaceComposer, so these
+    // locked counterparts are named consistently. Once SF supports headless mode and can designate
+    // any display as primary, the "internal" misnomer will be phased out.
     sp<IBinder> getInternalDisplayTokenLocked() const REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
-        const auto displayId = getInternalDisplayIdLocked();
-        return displayId ? getPhysicalDisplayTokenLocked(*displayId) : nullptr;
+        return getPhysicalDisplayTokenLocked(getInternalDisplayIdLocked());
     }
 
-    std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> getInternalDisplayIdLocked() const REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
-        const auto hwcDisplayId = getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId();
-        return hwcDisplayId ? getHwComposer().toPhysicalDisplayId(*hwcDisplayId) : std::nullopt;
+    PhysicalDisplayId getInternalDisplayIdLocked() const REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
+        return getHwComposer().getPrimaryDisplayId();
     }
 
     // Toggles use of HAL/GPU virtual displays.
@@ -1158,21 +1030,17 @@
     void dumpStaticScreenStats(std::string& result) const;
     // Not const because each Layer needs to query Fences and cache timestamps.
     void dumpFrameEventsLocked(std::string& result);
-
-    void recordBufferingStats(const std::string& layerName,
-                              std::vector<OccupancyTracker::Segment>&& history);
-    void dumpBufferingStats(std::string& result) const;
     void dumpDisplayIdentificationData(std::string& result) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void dumpRawDisplayIdentificationData(const DumpArgs&, std::string& result) const;
     void dumpWideColorInfo(std::string& result) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     LayersProto dumpDrawingStateProto(uint32_t traceFlags) const;
     void dumpOffscreenLayersProto(LayersProto& layersProto,
-                                  uint32_t traceFlags = SurfaceTracing::TRACE_ALL) const;
+                                  uint32_t traceFlags = LayerTracing::TRACE_ALL) const;
     void dumpDisplayProto(LayersTraceProto& layersTraceProto) const;
 
     // Dumps state from HW Composer
     void dumpHwc(std::string& result) const;
-    LayersProto dumpProtoFromMainThread(uint32_t traceFlags = SurfaceTracing::TRACE_ALL)
+    LayersProto dumpProtoFromMainThread(uint32_t traceFlags = LayerTracing::TRACE_ALL)
             EXCLUDES(mStateLock);
     void dumpOffscreenLayers(std::string& result) EXCLUDES(mStateLock);
     void dumpPlannerInfo(const DumpArgs& args, std::string& result) const REQUIRES(mStateLock);
@@ -1185,8 +1053,6 @@
         return doDump(fd, args, asProto);
     }
 
-    void onFrameRateFlexibilityTokenReleased();
-
     static mat4 calculateColorMatrix(float saturation);
 
     void updateColorMatrixLocked();
@@ -1208,8 +1074,7 @@
     /*
      * Misc
      */
-    std::vector<ui::ColorMode> getDisplayColorModes(PhysicalDisplayId displayId)
-            REQUIRES(mStateLock);
+    std::vector<ui::ColorMode> getDisplayColorModes(const DisplayDevice&) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     static int calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps refreshRate,
                                                std::chrono::nanoseconds presentLatency);
@@ -1220,7 +1085,7 @@
 
     sp<StartPropertySetThread> mStartPropertySetThread;
     surfaceflinger::Factory& mFactory;
-
+    pid_t mPid;
     std::future<void> mRenderEnginePrimeCacheFuture;
 
     // access must be protected by mStateLock
@@ -1229,29 +1094,26 @@
     std::atomic<int32_t> mTransactionFlags = 0;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<CountDownLatch>> mTransactionCommittedSignals;
     bool mAnimTransactionPending = false;
+    std::atomic<uint32_t> mUniqueTransactionId = 1;
     SortedVector<sp<Layer>> mLayersPendingRemoval;
-    bool mForceTraversal = false;
 
     // global color transform states
     Daltonizer mDaltonizer;
     float mGlobalSaturationFactor = 1.0f;
     mat4 mClientColorMatrix;
 
-    // Can't be unordered_set because wp<> isn't hashable
-    std::set<wp<IBinder>> mGraphicBufferProducerList;
     size_t mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize = ISurfaceComposer::MAX_LAYERS;
     // If there are more GraphicBufferProducers tracked by SurfaceFlinger than
     // this threshold, then begin logging.
     size_t mGraphicBufferProducerListSizeLogThreshold =
             static_cast<size_t>(0.95 * static_cast<double>(MAX_LAYERS));
 
-    void removeGraphicBufferProducerAsync(const wp<IBinder>&);
-
     // protected by mStateLock (but we could use another lock)
     bool mLayersRemoved = false;
     bool mLayersAdded = false;
 
-    std::atomic<bool> mRepaintEverything = false;
+    std::atomic_bool mMustComposite = false;
+    std::atomic_bool mGeometryDirty = false;
 
     // constant members (no synchronization needed for access)
     const nsecs_t mBootTime = systemTime();
@@ -1278,7 +1140,6 @@
     bool mSomeDataspaceChanged = false;
     bool mForceTransactionDisplayChange = false;
 
-    bool mGeometryInvalid = false;
     bool mAnimCompositionPending = false;
 
     // Tracks layers that have pending frames which are candidates for being
@@ -1313,20 +1174,21 @@
         std::optional<DisplayIdGenerator<HalVirtualDisplayId>> hal;
     } mVirtualDisplayIdGenerators;
 
-    // don't use a lock for these, we don't care
-    int mDebugRegion = 0;
-    bool mDebugDisableHWC = false;
-    bool mDebugDisableTransformHint = false;
+    std::atomic_uint mDebugFlashDelay = 0;
+    std::atomic_bool mDebugDisableHWC = false;
+    std::atomic_bool mDebugDisableTransformHint = false;
+    std::atomic<nsecs_t> mDebugInTransaction = 0;
+    std::atomic_bool mForceFullDamage = false;
+
     bool mLayerCachingEnabled = false;
-    volatile nsecs_t mDebugInTransaction = 0;
-    bool mForceFullDamage = false;
     bool mPropagateBackpressureClientComposition = false;
     sp<SurfaceInterceptor> mInterceptor;
 
-    SurfaceTracing mTracing{*this};
-    std::mutex mTracingLock;
-    bool mTracingEnabled = false;
-    bool mTracePostComposition = false;
+    LayerTracing mLayerTracing{*this};
+    bool mLayerTracingEnabled = false;
+
+    TransactionTracing mTransactionTracing;
+    bool mTransactionTracingEnabled = false;
     std::atomic<bool> mTracingEnabledChanged = false;
 
     const std::shared_ptr<TimeStats> mTimeStats;
@@ -1343,18 +1205,9 @@
 
     TransactionCallbackInvoker mTransactionCallbackInvoker;
 
-    // these are thread safe
-    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> mEventQueue;
+    // Thread-safe.
     FrameTracker mAnimFrameTracker;
 
-    // protected by mDestroyedLayerLock;
-    mutable Mutex mDestroyedLayerLock;
-    Vector<Layer const *> mDestroyedLayers;
-
-    nsecs_t mRefreshStartTime = 0;
-
-    std::atomic<bool> mRefreshPending = false;
-
     // We maintain a pool of pre-generated texture names to hand out to avoid
     // layer creation needing to run on the main thread (which it would
     // otherwise need to do to access RenderEngine).
@@ -1366,7 +1219,7 @@
     Condition mTransactionQueueCV;
     std::unordered_map<sp<IBinder>, std::queue<TransactionState>, IListenerHash>
             mPendingTransactionQueues GUARDED_BY(mQueueLock);
-    std::queue<TransactionState> mTransactionQueue GUARDED_BY(mQueueLock);
+    std::deque<TransactionState> mTransactionQueue GUARDED_BY(mQueueLock);
     /*
      * Feature prototyping
      */
@@ -1413,7 +1266,7 @@
     /*
      * Scheduler
      */
-    std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> mScheduler;
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::Scheduler> mScheduler;
     scheduler::ConnectionHandle mAppConnectionHandle;
     scheduler::ConnectionHandle mSfConnectionHandle;
 
@@ -1442,15 +1295,12 @@
     const float mInternalDisplayDensity;
     const float mEmulatedDisplayDensity;
 
-    sp<os::IInputFlinger> mInputFlinger;
     // Should only be accessed by the main thread.
+    sp<os::IInputFlinger> mInputFlinger;
     InputWindowCommands mInputWindowCommands;
 
     Hwc2::impl::PowerAdvisor mPowerAdvisor;
 
-    // This should only be accessed on the main thread.
-    nsecs_t mFrameStartTime = 0;
-
     void enableRefreshRateOverlay(bool enable) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     // Flag used to set override desired display mode from backdoor
@@ -1462,31 +1312,18 @@
     // be any issues with a raw pointer referencing an invalid object.
     std::unordered_set<Layer*> mOffscreenLayers;
 
-    int mFrameRateFlexibilityTokenCount = 0;
-
-    sp<IBinder> mDebugFrameRateFlexibilityToken;
-
     BufferCountTracker mBufferCountTracker;
 
     std::unordered_map<DisplayId, sp<HdrLayerInfoReporter>> mHdrLayerInfoListeners
             GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
     mutable Mutex mCreatedLayersLock;
     struct LayerCreatedState {
-        LayerCreatedState(const wp<Layer>& layer, const wp<IBinder>& parent,
-                          const wp<Layer> parentLayer, const wp<IBinder>& producer, bool addToRoot)
-              : layer(layer),
-                initialParent(parent),
-                initialParentLayer(parentLayer),
-                initialProducer(producer),
-                addToRoot(addToRoot) {}
+        LayerCreatedState(const wp<Layer>& layer, const wp<Layer> parent, bool addToRoot)
+              : layer(layer), initialParent(parent), addToRoot(addToRoot) {}
         wp<Layer> layer;
         // Indicates the initial parent of the created layer, only used for creating layer in
         // SurfaceFlinger. If nullptr, it may add the created layer into the current root layers.
-        wp<IBinder> initialParent;
-        wp<Layer> initialParentLayer;
-        // Indicates the initial graphic buffer producer of the created layer, only used for
-        // creating layer in SurfaceFlinger.
-        wp<IBinder> initialProducer;
+        wp<Layer> initialParent;
         // Indicates whether the layer getting created should be added at root if there's no parent
         // and has permission ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER. If set to false and no parent, the layer will
         // be added offscreen.
@@ -1497,16 +1334,12 @@
     // thread.
     std::unordered_map<BBinder*, std::unique_ptr<LayerCreatedState>> mCreatedLayers;
     void setLayerCreatedState(const sp<IBinder>& handle, const wp<Layer>& layer,
-                              const wp<IBinder>& parent, const wp<Layer> parentLayer,
-                              const wp<IBinder>& producer, bool addToRoot);
+                              const wp<Layer> parent, bool addToRoot);
     auto getLayerCreatedState(const sp<IBinder>& handle);
     sp<Layer> handleLayerCreatedLocked(const sp<IBinder>& handle) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
     std::atomic<ui::Transform::RotationFlags> mActiveDisplayTransformHint;
 
-    void scheduleRegionSamplingThread();
-    void notifyRegionSamplingThread();
-
     bool isRefreshRateOverlayEnabled() const REQUIRES(mStateLock) {
         return std::any_of(mDisplays.begin(), mDisplays.end(),
                            [](std::pair<wp<IBinder>, sp<DisplayDevice>> display) {
@@ -1517,6 +1350,13 @@
     wp<IBinder> mActiveDisplayToken GUARDED_BY(mStateLock);
 
     const sp<WindowInfosListenerInvoker> mWindowInfosListenerInvoker;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<FlagManager> mFlagManager;
+
+    // returns the framerate of the layer with the given sequence ID
+    float getLayerFramerate(nsecs_t now, int32_t id) const {
+        return mScheduler->getLayerFramerate(now, id);
+    }
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
index 89d1c4d..b81b445 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 #include "SurfaceInterceptor.h"
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.h"
-#include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncConfiguration.h"
 #include "Scheduler/VsyncController.h"
@@ -51,10 +50,6 @@
     return std::make_unique<android::impl::HWComposer>(serviceName);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> DefaultFactory::createMessageQueue() {
-    return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>();
-}
-
 std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> DefaultFactory::createVsyncConfiguration(
         Fps currentRefreshRate) {
     if (property_get_bool("debug.sf.use_phase_offsets_as_durations", false)) {
@@ -64,12 +59,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> DefaultFactory::createScheduler(
-        const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& refreshRateConfigs,
-        ISchedulerCallback& callback) {
-    return std::make_unique<Scheduler>(std::move(refreshRateConfigs), callback);
-}
-
 sp<SurfaceInterceptor> DefaultFactory::createSurfaceInterceptor() {
     return new android::impl::SurfaceInterceptor();
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
index b8bf2ba..501629d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerDefaultFactory.h
@@ -27,11 +27,8 @@
     virtual ~DefaultFactory();
 
     std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) override;
-    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() override;
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) override;
-    std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
-            const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&) override;
     sp<SurfaceInterceptor> createSurfaceInterceptor() override;
     sp<StartPropertySetThread> createStartPropertySetThread(bool timestampPropertyValue) override;
     sp<DisplayDevice> createDisplayDevice(DisplayDeviceCreationArgs&) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
index 13c95dd..6153e8e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerFactory.h
@@ -16,41 +16,38 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Fps.h"
-
-#include <cutils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <cutils/compiler.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
 namespace android {
 
 typedef int32_t PixelFormat;
 
 class BufferQueueLayer;
-class BufferStateLayer;
 class BufferLayerConsumer;
-class EffectLayer;
+class BufferStateLayer;
 class ContainerLayer;
 class DisplayDevice;
+class EffectLayer;
 class FrameTracer;
 class GraphicBuffer;
 class HWComposer;
 class IGraphicBufferConsumer;
 class IGraphicBufferProducer;
 class Layer;
-class MessageQueue;
-class Scheduler;
 class StartPropertySetThread;
 class SurfaceFlinger;
 class SurfaceInterceptor;
 class TimeStats;
 
 struct DisplayDeviceCreationArgs;
-struct ISchedulerCallback;
 struct LayerCreationArgs;
 
 namespace compositionengine {
@@ -76,11 +73,8 @@
 class Factory {
 public:
     virtual std::unique_ptr<HWComposer> createHWComposer(const std::string& serviceName) = 0;
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() = 0;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps currentRefreshRate) = 0;
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
-            const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&) = 0;
     virtual sp<SurfaceInterceptor> createSurfaceInterceptor() = 0;
 
     virtual sp<StartPropertySetThread> createStartPropertySetThread(
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
index e15eae8..16f6e31 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
@@ -195,17 +195,6 @@
     return SurfaceFlingerProperties::primary_display_orientation_values::ORIENTATION_0;
 }
 
-bool use_color_management(bool defaultValue) {
-    auto tmpuseColorManagement = SurfaceFlingerProperties::use_color_management();
-    auto tmpHasHDRDisplayVal = has_HDR_display(defaultValue);
-    auto tmpHasWideColorDisplayVal = has_wide_color_display(defaultValue);
-
-    auto tmpuseColorManagementVal = tmpuseColorManagement.has_value() ? *tmpuseColorManagement :
-        defaultValue;
-
-    return tmpuseColorManagementVal || tmpHasHDRDisplayVal || tmpHasWideColorDisplayVal;
-}
-
 int64_t default_composition_dataspace(Dataspace defaultValue) {
     auto temp = SurfaceFlingerProperties::default_composition_dataspace();
     if (temp.has_value()) {
@@ -315,14 +304,6 @@
     return defaultValue;
 }
 
-bool use_frame_rate_api(bool defaultValue) {
-    auto temp = SurfaceFlingerProperties::use_frame_rate_api();
-    if (temp.has_value()) {
-        return *temp;
-    }
-    return defaultValue;
-}
-
 bool enable_sdr_dimming(bool defaultValue) {
     return SurfaceFlingerProperties::enable_sdr_dimming().value_or(defaultValue);
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
index 039d316..8d0e426 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@
 SurfaceFlingerProperties::primary_display_orientation_values primary_display_orientation(
         SurfaceFlingerProperties::primary_display_orientation_values defaultValue);
 
-bool use_color_management(bool defaultValue);
-
 int64_t default_composition_dataspace(
         android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::Dataspace defaultValue);
 
@@ -90,8 +88,6 @@
 
 bool support_kernel_idle_timer(bool defaultValue);
 
-bool use_frame_rate_api(bool defaultValue);
-
 int32_t display_update_imminent_timeout_ms(int32_t defaultValue);
 
 android::ui::DisplayPrimaries getDisplayNativePrimaries();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
index 9be3abe..0782fef 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.cpp
@@ -323,11 +323,10 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptor::addLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId,
-        uint32_t layerStack)
-{
+                                             ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
     SurfaceChange* change(createSurfaceChangeLocked(transaction, layerId));
     LayerStackChange* layerStackChange(change->mutable_layer_stack());
-    layerStackChange->set_layer_stack(layerStack);
+    layerStackChange->set_layer_stack(layerStack.id);
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptor::addCropLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId,
@@ -568,12 +567,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction,
-        int32_t sequenceId, uint32_t layerStack)
-{
+void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
+                                                    ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
     DisplayChange* dispChange(createDisplayChangeLocked(transaction, sequenceId));
     LayerStackChange* layerStackChange(dispChange->mutable_layer_stack());
-    layerStackChange->set_layer_stack(layerStack);
+    layerStackChange->set_layer_stack(layerStack.id);
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptor::addDisplayFlagsLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h
index 7b331b9..970c3e5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceInterceptor.h
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
     void addTransparentRegionLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId,
             const Region& transRegion);
     void addFlagsLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId, uint8_t flags, uint8_t mask);
-    void addLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId, uint32_t layerStack);
+    void addLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId, ui::LayerStack);
     void addCropLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId, const Rect& rect);
     void addCornerRadiusLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId, float cornerRadius);
     void addBackgroundBlurRadiusLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t layerId,
@@ -183,8 +183,7 @@
     DisplayChange* createDisplayChangeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId);
     void addDisplaySurfaceLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
             const sp<const IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface);
-    void addDisplayLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId,
-            uint32_t layerStack);
+    void addDisplayLayerStackLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId, ui::LayerStack);
     void addDisplayFlagsLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId, uint32_t flags);
     void addDisplaySizeLocked(Transaction* transaction, int32_t sequenceId, uint32_t w,
             uint32_t h);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceTracing.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceTracing.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5963737..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceTracing.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,264 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#undef LOG_TAG
-#define LOG_TAG "SurfaceTracing"
-#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
-
-#include "SurfaceTracing.h"
-#include <SurfaceFlinger.h>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
-#include <utils/Trace.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-SurfaceTracing::SurfaceTracing(SurfaceFlinger& flinger) : mFlinger(flinger) {}
-
-bool SurfaceTracing::enable() {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
-    if (mEnabled) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (flagIsSet(TRACE_SYNC)) {
-        runner = std::make_unique<SurfaceTracing::Runner>(mFlinger, mConfig);
-    } else {
-        runner = std::make_unique<SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner>(mFlinger, mConfig,
-                                                               mFlinger.mTracingLock);
-    }
-    mEnabled = true;
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool SurfaceTracing::disable() {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
-    if (!mEnabled) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    mEnabled = false;
-    runner->stop();
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool SurfaceTracing::isEnabled() const {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
-    return mEnabled;
-}
-
-status_t SurfaceTracing::writeToFile() {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
-    if (!mEnabled) {
-        return STATUS_OK;
-    }
-    return runner->writeToFile();
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::notify(const char* where) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
-    if (mEnabled) {
-        runner->notify(where);
-    }
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::notifyLocked(const char* where) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
-    if (mEnabled) {
-        runner->notifyLocked(where);
-    }
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::dump(std::string& result) const {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
-    base::StringAppendF(&result, "Tracing state: %s\n", mEnabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
-    if (mEnabled) {
-        runner->dump(result);
-    }
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::LayersTraceBuffer::reset(size_t newSize) {
-    // use the swap trick to make sure memory is released
-    std::queue<LayersTraceProto>().swap(mStorage);
-    mSizeInBytes = newSize;
-    mUsedInBytes = 0U;
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::LayersTraceBuffer::emplace(LayersTraceProto&& proto) {
-    size_t protoSize = static_cast<size_t>(proto.ByteSize());
-    while (mUsedInBytes + protoSize > mSizeInBytes) {
-        if (mStorage.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        mUsedInBytes -= static_cast<size_t>(mStorage.front().ByteSize());
-        mStorage.pop();
-    }
-    mUsedInBytes += protoSize;
-    mStorage.emplace();
-    mStorage.back().Swap(&proto);
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::LayersTraceBuffer::flush(LayersTraceFileProto* fileProto) {
-    fileProto->mutable_entry()->Reserve(static_cast<int>(mStorage.size()));
-
-    while (!mStorage.empty()) {
-        auto entry = fileProto->add_entry();
-        entry->Swap(&mStorage.front());
-        mStorage.pop();
-    }
-}
-
-SurfaceTracing::Runner::Runner(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, SurfaceTracing::Config& config)
-      : mFlinger(flinger), mConfig(config) {
-    mBuffer.setSize(mConfig.bufferSize);
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::Runner::notify(const char* where) {
-    LayersTraceProto entry = traceLayers(where);
-    mBuffer.emplace(std::move(entry));
-}
-
-status_t SurfaceTracing::Runner::stop() {
-    return writeToFile();
-}
-
-LayersTraceFileProto SurfaceTracing::createLayersTraceFileProto() {
-    LayersTraceFileProto fileProto;
-    fileProto.set_magic_number(uint64_t(LayersTraceFileProto_MagicNumber_MAGIC_NUMBER_H) << 32 |
-                               LayersTraceFileProto_MagicNumber_MAGIC_NUMBER_L);
-    return fileProto;
-}
-
-status_t SurfaceTracing::Runner::writeToFile() {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
-
-    LayersTraceFileProto fileProto = createLayersTraceFileProto();
-    std::string output;
-
-    mBuffer.flush(&fileProto);
-    mBuffer.reset(mConfig.bufferSize);
-
-    if (!fileProto.SerializeToString(&output)) {
-        ALOGE("Could not save the proto file! Permission denied");
-        return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-    }
-
-    // -rw-r--r--
-    const mode_t mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
-    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(output, DEFAULT_FILE_NAME, mode, getuid(), getgid(),
-                                          true)) {
-        ALOGE("Could not save the proto file! There are missing fields");
-        return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-    }
-
-    return NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-LayersTraceProto SurfaceTracing::Runner::traceLayers(const char* where) {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
-
-    LayersTraceProto entry;
-    entry.set_elapsed_realtime_nanos(elapsedRealtimeNano());
-    entry.set_where(where);
-    LayersProto layers(mFlinger.dumpDrawingStateProto(mConfig.flags));
-
-    if (flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_EXTRA)) {
-        mFlinger.dumpOffscreenLayersProto(layers);
-    }
-    entry.mutable_layers()->Swap(&layers);
-
-    if (flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_HWC)) {
-        std::string hwcDump;
-        mFlinger.dumpHwc(hwcDump);
-        entry.set_hwc_blob(hwcDump);
-    }
-    if (!flagIsSet(SurfaceTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION)) {
-        entry.set_excludes_composition_state(true);
-    }
-    entry.set_missed_entries(mMissedTraceEntries);
-    mFlinger.dumpDisplayProto(entry);
-    return entry;
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::Runner::dump(std::string& result) const {
-    base::StringAppendF(&result, "  number of entries: %zu (%.2fMB / %.2fMB)\n",
-                        mBuffer.frameCount(), float(mBuffer.used()) / float(1_MB),
-                        float(mBuffer.size()) / float(1_MB));
-}
-
-SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner::AsyncRunner(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, SurfaceTracing::Config& config,
-                                         std::mutex& sfLock)
-      : SurfaceTracing::Runner(flinger, config), mSfLock(sfLock) {
-    mEnabled = true;
-    mThread = std::thread(&AsyncRunner::loop, this);
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner::loop() {
-    while (mEnabled) {
-        LayersTraceProto entry;
-        bool entryAdded = traceWhenNotified(&entry);
-        if (entryAdded) {
-            mBuffer.emplace(std::move(entry));
-        }
-        if (mWriteToFile) {
-            Runner::writeToFile();
-            mWriteToFile = false;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-bool SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner::traceWhenNotified(LayersTraceProto* outProto) {
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mSfLock);
-    mCanStartTrace.wait(lock);
-    if (!mAddEntry) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    *outProto = traceLayers(mWhere);
-    mAddEntry = false;
-    mMissedTraceEntries = 0;
-    return true;
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner::notify(const char* where) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(mSfLock);
-    notifyLocked(where);
-}
-
-void SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner::notifyLocked(const char* where) {
-    mWhere = where;
-    if (mAddEntry) {
-        mMissedTraceEntries++;
-    }
-    mAddEntry = true;
-    mCanStartTrace.notify_one();
-}
-
-status_t SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner::writeToFile() {
-    mWriteToFile = true;
-    mCanStartTrace.notify_one();
-    return STATUS_OK;
-}
-
-status_t SurfaceTracing::AsyncRunner::stop() {
-    mEnabled = false;
-    mCanStartTrace.notify_one();
-    mThread.join();
-    return Runner::writeToFile();
-}
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceTracing.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceTracing.h
deleted file mode 100644
index cea1a33..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceTracing.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
-#include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <queue>
-#include <thread>
-
-using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
-
-namespace android {
-
-class SurfaceFlinger;
-constexpr auto operator""_MB(unsigned long long const num) {
-    return num * 1024 * 1024;
-}
-/*
- * SurfaceTracing records layer states during surface flinging. Manages tracing state and
- * configuration.
- */
-class SurfaceTracing {
-public:
-    SurfaceTracing(SurfaceFlinger& flinger);
-    bool enable();
-    bool disable();
-    status_t writeToFile();
-    bool isEnabled() const;
-    /*
-     * Adds a trace entry, must be called from the drawing thread or while holding the
-     * SurfaceFlinger tracing lock.
-     */
-    void notify(const char* where);
-    /*
-     * Adds a trace entry, called while holding the SurfaceFlinger tracing lock.
-     */
-    void notifyLocked(const char* where) /* REQUIRES(mSfLock) */;
-
-    void setBufferSize(size_t bufferSizeInBytes) { mConfig.bufferSize = bufferSizeInBytes; }
-    void dump(std::string& result) const;
-
-    enum : uint32_t {
-        TRACE_CRITICAL = 1 << 0,
-        TRACE_INPUT = 1 << 1,
-        TRACE_COMPOSITION = 1 << 2,
-        TRACE_EXTRA = 1 << 3,
-        TRACE_HWC = 1 << 4,
-        // Add non-geometry composition changes to the trace.
-        TRACE_BUFFERS = 1 << 5,
-        // Add entries from the drawing thread post composition.
-        TRACE_SYNC = 1 << 6,
-        TRACE_ALL = TRACE_CRITICAL | TRACE_INPUT | TRACE_COMPOSITION | TRACE_EXTRA,
-    };
-    void setTraceFlags(uint32_t flags) { mConfig.flags = flags; }
-    bool flagIsSet(uint32_t flags) { return (mConfig.flags & flags) == flags; }
-    static LayersTraceFileProto createLayersTraceFileProto();
-
-private:
-    class Runner;
-    static constexpr auto DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 5_MB;
-    static constexpr auto DEFAULT_FILE_NAME = "/data/misc/wmtrace/layers_trace.winscope";
-
-    SurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
-    mutable std::mutex mTraceLock;
-    bool mEnabled GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock) = false;
-    std::unique_ptr<Runner> runner GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
-
-    struct Config {
-        uint32_t flags = TRACE_CRITICAL | TRACE_INPUT | TRACE_SYNC;
-        size_t bufferSize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
-    } mConfig;
-
-    /*
-     * ring buffer.
-     */
-    class LayersTraceBuffer {
-    public:
-        size_t size() const { return mSizeInBytes; }
-        size_t used() const { return mUsedInBytes; }
-        size_t frameCount() const { return mStorage.size(); }
-
-        void setSize(size_t newSize) { mSizeInBytes = newSize; }
-        void reset(size_t newSize);
-        void emplace(LayersTraceProto&& proto);
-        void flush(LayersTraceFileProto* fileProto);
-
-    private:
-        size_t mUsedInBytes = 0U;
-        size_t mSizeInBytes = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
-        std::queue<LayersTraceProto> mStorage;
-    };
-
-    /*
-     * Implements a synchronous way of adding trace entries. This must be called
-     * from the drawing thread.
-     */
-    class Runner {
-    public:
-        Runner(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, SurfaceTracing::Config& config);
-        virtual ~Runner() = default;
-        virtual status_t stop();
-        virtual status_t writeToFile();
-        virtual void notify(const char* where);
-        /* Cannot be called with a synchronous runner. */
-        virtual void notifyLocked(const char* /* where */) {}
-        void dump(std::string& result) const;
-
-    protected:
-        bool flagIsSet(uint32_t flags) { return (mConfig.flags & flags) == flags; }
-        SurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
-        SurfaceTracing::Config mConfig;
-        SurfaceTracing::LayersTraceBuffer mBuffer;
-        uint32_t mMissedTraceEntries = 0;
-        LayersTraceProto traceLayers(const char* where);
-    };
-
-    /*
-     * Implements asynchronous way to add trace entries called from a separate thread while holding
-     * the SurfaceFlinger tracing lock. Trace entries may be missed if the tracing thread is not
-     * scheduled in time.
-     */
-    class AsyncRunner : public Runner {
-    public:
-        AsyncRunner(SurfaceFlinger& flinger, SurfaceTracing::Config& config, std::mutex& sfLock);
-        virtual ~AsyncRunner() = default;
-        status_t stop() override;
-        status_t writeToFile() override;
-        void notify(const char* where) override;
-        void notifyLocked(const char* where);
-
-    private:
-        std::mutex& mSfLock;
-        std::condition_variable mCanStartTrace;
-        std::thread mThread;
-        const char* mWhere = "";
-        bool mWriteToFile = false;
-        bool mEnabled = false;
-        bool mAddEntry = false;
-        void loop();
-        bool traceWhenNotified(LayersTraceProto* outProto);
-    };
-};
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/Android.bp
index bcc3e4e..4686eed 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
     srcs: [
         "TimeStats.cpp",
     ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libscheduler_headers",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
         "libbase",
@@ -24,6 +27,9 @@
         "libutils",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libscheduler_headers",
+    ],
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "libtimestats_proto",
     ],
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
index 7c1f21f..b1a2bda 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <unordered_map>
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "TimeStats"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "TimeStats.h"
 #include "timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.h"
@@ -58,15 +58,15 @@
     return histogramProto;
 }
 
-SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo_GameMode gameModeToProto(int32_t gameMode) {
+SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo_GameMode gameModeToProto(GameMode gameMode) {
     switch (gameMode) {
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModeUnsupported:
+        case GameMode::Unsupported:
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_UNSUPPORTED;
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard:
+        case GameMode::Standard:
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_STANDARD;
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModePerformance:
+        case GameMode::Performance:
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_PERFORMANCE;
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModeBattery:
+        case GameMode::Battery:
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_BATTERY;
         default:
             return SurfaceflingerStatsLayerInfo::GAME_MODE_UNSPECIFIED;
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
 void TimeStats::flushAvailableRecordsToStatsLocked(int32_t layerId, Fps displayRefreshRate,
                                                    std::optional<Fps> renderRate,
                                                    SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote,
-                                                   int32_t gameMode) {
+                                                   GameMode gameMode) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGV("[%d]-flushAvailableRecordsToStatsLocked", layerId);
 
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
 }
 
 bool TimeStats::canAddNewAggregatedStats(uid_t uid, const std::string& layerName,
-                                         int32_t gameMode) {
+                                         GameMode gameMode) {
     uint32_t layerRecords = 0;
     for (const auto& record : mTimeStats.stats) {
         if (record.second.stats.count({uid, layerName, gameMode}) > 0) {
@@ -564,11 +564,11 @@
         layerRecords += record.second.stats.size();
     }
 
-    return mTimeStats.stats.size() < MAX_NUM_LAYER_STATS;
+    return layerRecords < MAX_NUM_LAYER_STATS;
 }
 
 void TimeStats::setPostTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, const std::string& layerName,
-                            uid_t uid, nsecs_t postTime, int32_t gameMode) {
+                            uid_t uid, nsecs_t postTime, GameMode gameMode) {
     if (!mEnabled.load()) return;
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@
 
 void TimeStats::setPresentTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t presentTime,
                                Fps displayRefreshRate, std::optional<Fps> renderRate,
-                               SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode) {
+                               SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, GameMode gameMode) {
     if (!mEnabled.load()) return;
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@
 void TimeStats::setPresentFence(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
                                 Fps displayRefreshRate, std::optional<Fps> renderRate,
-                                SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode) {
+                                SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, GameMode gameMode) {
     if (!mEnabled.load()) return;
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@
     // the first jank record is not dropped.
 
     static const std::string kDefaultLayerName = "none";
-    static constexpr int32_t kDefaultGameMode = TimeStatsHelper::GameModeUnsupported;
+    constexpr GameMode kDefaultGameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
 
     const int32_t refreshRateBucket =
             clampToNearestBucket(info.refreshRate, REFRESH_RATE_BUCKET_WIDTH);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h
index 9e70684..77c7973 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/TimeStats.h
@@ -17,21 +17,22 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <deque>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <variant>
 
-#include <../Fps.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/JankInfo.h>
+#include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
 #include <timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.h>
 #include <timestatsproto/TimeStatsProtoHeader.h>
 #include <ui/FenceTime.h>
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 #include <utils/Vector.h>
 
-#include <deque>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <variant>
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
 
 using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@
                                             const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& readyFence) = 0;
 
     virtual void setPostTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, const std::string& layerName,
-                             uid_t uid, nsecs_t postTime, int32_t gameMode) = 0;
+                             uid_t uid, nsecs_t postTime, GameMode) = 0;
     virtual void setLatchTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t latchTime) = 0;
     // Reasons why latching a particular buffer may be skipped
     enum class LatchSkipReason {
@@ -101,11 +102,11 @@
     // rendering path, as they flush prior fences if those fences have fired.
     virtual void setPresentTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t presentTime,
                                 Fps displayRefreshRate, std::optional<Fps> renderRate,
-                                SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode) = 0;
+                                SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, GameMode) = 0;
     virtual void setPresentFence(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber,
                                  const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
                                  Fps displayRefreshRate, std::optional<Fps> renderRate,
-                                 SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode) = 0;
+                                 SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, GameMode) = 0;
 
     // Increments janky frames, blamed to the provided {refreshRate, renderRate, uid, layerName}
     // key, with JankMetadata as supplementary reasons for the jank. Because FrameTimeline is the
@@ -123,19 +124,21 @@
         std::optional<Fps> renderRate;
         uid_t uid = 0;
         std::string layerName;
-        int32_t gameMode = 0;
+        GameMode gameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
         int32_t reasons = 0;
         nsecs_t displayDeadlineDelta = 0;
         nsecs_t displayPresentJitter = 0;
         nsecs_t appDeadlineDelta = 0;
 
+        static bool isOptApproxEqual(std::optional<Fps> lhs, std::optional<Fps> rhs) {
+            return (!lhs && !rhs) || (lhs && rhs && isApproxEqual(*lhs, *rhs));
+        }
+
         bool operator==(const JankyFramesInfo& o) const {
-            return Fps::EqualsInBuckets{}(refreshRate, o.refreshRate) &&
-                    ((renderRate == std::nullopt && o.renderRate == std::nullopt) ||
-                     (renderRate != std::nullopt && o.renderRate != std::nullopt &&
-                      Fps::EqualsInBuckets{}(*renderRate, *o.renderRate))) &&
-                    uid == o.uid && layerName == o.layerName && gameMode == o.gameMode &&
-                    reasons == o.reasons && displayDeadlineDelta == o.displayDeadlineDelta &&
+            return isApproxEqual(refreshRate, o.refreshRate) &&
+                    isOptApproxEqual(renderRate, o.renderRate) && uid == o.uid &&
+                    layerName == o.layerName && gameMode == o.gameMode && reasons == o.reasons &&
+                    displayDeadlineDelta == o.displayDeadlineDelta &&
                     displayPresentJitter == o.displayPresentJitter &&
                     appDeadlineDelta == o.appDeadlineDelta;
         }
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@
     struct LayerRecord {
         uid_t uid;
         std::string layerName;
-        int32_t gameMode = 0;
+        GameMode gameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
         // This is the index in timeRecords, at which the timestamps for that
         // specific frame are still not fully received. This is not waiting for
         // fences to signal, but rather waiting to receive those fences/timestamps.
@@ -245,7 +248,7 @@
                                     const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& readyFence) override;
 
     void setPostTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, const std::string& layerName, uid_t uid,
-                     nsecs_t postTime, int32_t gameMode) override;
+                     nsecs_t postTime, GameMode) override;
     void setLatchTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t latchTime) override;
     void incrementLatchSkipped(int32_t layerId, LatchSkipReason reason) override;
     void incrementBadDesiredPresent(int32_t layerId) override;
@@ -254,12 +257,11 @@
     void setAcquireFence(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber,
                          const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& acquireFence) override;
     void setPresentTime(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t presentTime,
-                        Fps displayRefreshRate, std::optional<Fps> renderRate,
-                        SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode) override;
+                        Fps displayRefreshRate, std::optional<Fps> renderRate, SetFrameRateVote,
+                        GameMode) override;
     void setPresentFence(int32_t layerId, uint64_t frameNumber,
                          const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence, Fps displayRefreshRate,
-                         std::optional<Fps> renderRate, SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote,
-                         int32_t gameMode) override;
+                         std::optional<Fps> renderRate, SetFrameRateVote, GameMode) override;
 
     void incrementJankyFrames(const JankyFramesInfo& info) override;
     // Clean up the layer record
@@ -280,11 +282,11 @@
     bool populateLayerAtom(std::string* pulledData);
     bool recordReadyLocked(int32_t layerId, TimeRecord* timeRecord);
     void flushAvailableRecordsToStatsLocked(int32_t layerId, Fps displayRefreshRate,
-                                            std::optional<Fps> renderRate,
-                                            SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode);
+                                            std::optional<Fps> renderRate, SetFrameRateVote,
+                                            GameMode);
     void flushPowerTimeLocked();
     void flushAvailableGlobalRecordsToStatsLocked();
-    bool canAddNewAggregatedStats(uid_t uid, const std::string& layerName, int32_t gameMode);
+    bool canAddNewAggregatedStats(uid_t uid, const std::string& layerName, GameMode);
 
     void enable();
     void disable();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp
index ffb2f09..69afa2a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 #include "timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.h"
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 
 #include <array>
+#include <cinttypes>
 
 #define HISTOGRAM_SIZE 85
 
@@ -91,51 +92,15 @@
     return result;
 }
 
-std::string TimeStatsHelper::SetFrameRateVote::toString(FrameRateCompatibility compatibility) {
-    switch (compatibility) {
-        case FrameRateCompatibility::Undefined:
-            return "Undefined";
-        case FrameRateCompatibility::Default:
-            return "Default";
-        case FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple:
-            return "ExactOrMultiple";
-    }
-}
-
-std::string TimeStatsHelper::SetFrameRateVote::toString(Seamlessness seamlessness) {
-    switch (seamlessness) {
-        case Seamlessness::Undefined:
-            return "Undefined";
-        case Seamlessness::ShouldBeSeamless:
-            return "ShouldBeSeamless";
-        case Seamlessness::NotRequired:
-            return "NotRequired";
-    }
-}
-
 std::string TimeStatsHelper::SetFrameRateVote::toString() const {
     std::string result;
     StringAppendF(&result, "frameRate = %.2f\n", frameRate);
     StringAppendF(&result, "frameRateCompatibility = %s\n",
-                  toString(frameRateCompatibility).c_str());
-    StringAppendF(&result, "seamlessness = %s\n", toString(seamlessness).c_str());
+                  ftl::enum_string(frameRateCompatibility).c_str());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "seamlessness = %s\n", ftl::enum_string(seamlessness).c_str());
     return result;
 }
 
-std::string TimeStatsHelper::TimeStatsLayer::toString(int32_t gameMode) const {
-    switch (gameMode) {
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModeUnsupported:
-            return "GameModeUnsupported";
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard:
-            return "GameModeStandard";
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModePerformance:
-            return "GameModePerformance";
-        case TimeStatsHelper::GameModeBattery:
-            return "GameModeBattery";
-        default:
-            return "GameModeUnspecified";
-    }
-}
 std::string TimeStatsHelper::TimeStatsLayer::toString() const {
     std::string result = "\n";
     StringAppendF(&result, "displayRefreshRate = %d fps\n", displayRefreshRateBucket);
@@ -143,7 +108,7 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "uid = %d\n", uid);
     StringAppendF(&result, "layerName = %s\n", layerName.c_str());
     StringAppendF(&result, "packageName = %s\n", packageName.c_str());
-    StringAppendF(&result, "gameMode = %s\n", toString(gameMode).c_str());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "gameMode = %s\n", ftl::enum_string(gameMode).c_str());
     StringAppendF(&result, "totalFrames = %d\n", totalFrames);
     StringAppendF(&result, "droppedFrames = %d\n", droppedFrames);
     StringAppendF(&result, "lateAcquireFrames = %d\n", lateAcquireFrames);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/include/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/include/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.h
index 2afff8d..438561c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/include/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/include/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
 #include <timestatsproto/TimeStatsProtoHeader.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
@@ -63,6 +64,8 @@
             Undefined = 0,
             Default = 1,
             ExactOrMultiple = 2,
+
+            ftl_last = ExactOrMultiple
         } frameRateCompatibility = FrameRateCompatibility::Undefined;
 
         // Needs to be in sync with atoms.proto
@@ -70,25 +73,13 @@
             Undefined = 0,
             ShouldBeSeamless = 1,
             NotRequired = 2,
+
+            ftl_last = NotRequired
         } seamlessness = Seamlessness::Undefined;
 
-        static std::string toString(FrameRateCompatibility);
-        static std::string toString(Seamlessness);
         std::string toString() const;
     };
 
-    /**
-     * GameMode of the layer. GameModes are set by SysUI through WMShell.
-     * Actual game mode definitions are managed by GameManager.java
-     * The values defined here should always be in sync with the ones in GameManager.
-     */
-    enum GameMode {
-        GameModeUnsupported = 0,
-        GameModeStandard = 1,
-        GameModePerformance = 2,
-        GameModeBattery = 3,
-    };
-
     class TimeStatsLayer {
     public:
         uid_t uid;
@@ -96,7 +87,7 @@
         std::string packageName;
         int32_t displayRefreshRateBucket = 0;
         int32_t renderRateBucket = 0;
-        int32_t gameMode = 0;
+        GameMode gameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
         int32_t totalFrames = 0;
         int32_t droppedFrames = 0;
         int32_t lateAcquireFrames = 0;
@@ -106,7 +97,6 @@
         std::unordered_map<std::string, Histogram> deltas;
 
         std::string toString() const;
-        std::string toString(int32_t gameMode) const;
         SFTimeStatsLayerProto toProto() const;
     };
 
@@ -137,13 +127,14 @@
     struct LayerStatsKey {
         uid_t uid = 0;
         std::string layerName;
-        int32_t gameMode = 0;
+        GameMode gameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
 
         struct Hasher {
             size_t operator()(const LayerStatsKey& key) const {
                 size_t uidHash = std::hash<uid_t>{}(key.uid);
                 size_t layerNameHash = std::hash<std::string>{}(key.layerName);
-                size_t gameModeHash = std::hash<int32_t>{}(key.gameMode);
+                using T = std::underlying_type_t<GameMode>;
+                size_t gameModeHash = std::hash<T>{}(static_cast<T>(key.gameMode));
                 return HashCombine(uidHash, HashCombine(layerNameHash, gameModeHash));
             }
         };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d136e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LayerTracing"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include <SurfaceFlinger.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include "LayerTracing.h"
+#include "RingBuffer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+LayerTracing::LayerTracing(SurfaceFlinger& flinger) : mFlinger(flinger) {
+    mBuffer = std::make_unique<RingBuffer<LayersTraceFileProto, LayersTraceProto>>();
+}
+
+LayerTracing::~LayerTracing() = default;
+
+bool LayerTracing::enable() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    if (mEnabled) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mBuffer->setSize(mBufferSizeInBytes);
+    mEnabled = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool LayerTracing::disable() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    if (!mEnabled) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mEnabled = false;
+    LayersTraceFileProto fileProto = createTraceFileProto();
+    mBuffer->writeToFile(fileProto, FILE_NAME);
+    mBuffer->reset();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool LayerTracing::isEnabled() const {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    return mEnabled;
+}
+
+status_t LayerTracing::writeToFile() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    if (!mEnabled) {
+        return STATUS_OK;
+    }
+    LayersTraceFileProto fileProto = createTraceFileProto();
+    return mBuffer->writeToFile(fileProto, FILE_NAME);
+}
+
+void LayerTracing::setTraceFlags(uint32_t flags) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    mFlags = flags;
+}
+
+void LayerTracing::setBufferSize(size_t bufferSizeInBytes) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    mBufferSizeInBytes = bufferSizeInBytes;
+}
+
+bool LayerTracing::flagIsSet(uint32_t flags) const {
+    return (mFlags & flags) == flags;
+}
+
+LayersTraceFileProto LayerTracing::createTraceFileProto() const {
+    LayersTraceFileProto fileProto;
+    fileProto.set_magic_number(uint64_t(LayersTraceFileProto_MagicNumber_MAGIC_NUMBER_H) << 32 |
+                               LayersTraceFileProto_MagicNumber_MAGIC_NUMBER_L);
+    return fileProto;
+}
+
+void LayerTracing::dump(std::string& result) const {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    base::StringAppendF(&result, "Tracing state: %s\n", mEnabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+    mBuffer->dump(result);
+}
+
+void LayerTracing::notify(const char* where) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    if (!mEnabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    LayersTraceProto entry;
+    entry.set_elapsed_realtime_nanos(elapsedRealtimeNano());
+    entry.set_where(where);
+    LayersProto layers(mFlinger.dumpDrawingStateProto(mFlags));
+
+    if (flagIsSet(LayerTracing::TRACE_EXTRA)) {
+        mFlinger.dumpOffscreenLayersProto(layers);
+    }
+    entry.mutable_layers()->Swap(&layers);
+
+    if (flagIsSet(LayerTracing::TRACE_HWC)) {
+        std::string hwcDump;
+        mFlinger.dumpHwc(hwcDump);
+        entry.set_hwc_blob(hwcDump);
+    }
+    if (!flagIsSet(LayerTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION)) {
+        entry.set_excludes_composition_state(true);
+    }
+    mFlinger.dumpDisplayProto(entry);
+    mBuffer->emplace(std::move(entry));
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ca3587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/LayerTracing.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <layerproto/LayerProtoHeader.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
+
+namespace android {
+
+template <typename FileProto, typename EntryProto>
+class RingBuffer;
+
+class SurfaceFlinger;
+
+/*
+ * LayerTracing records layer states during surface flinging. Manages tracing state and
+ * configuration.
+ */
+class LayerTracing {
+public:
+    LayerTracing(SurfaceFlinger& flinger);
+    ~LayerTracing();
+    bool enable();
+    bool disable();
+    bool isEnabled() const;
+    status_t writeToFile();
+    LayersTraceFileProto createTraceFileProto() const;
+    void notify(const char* where);
+
+    enum : uint32_t {
+        TRACE_INPUT = 1 << 1,
+        TRACE_COMPOSITION = 1 << 2,
+        TRACE_EXTRA = 1 << 3,
+        TRACE_HWC = 1 << 4,
+        TRACE_BUFFERS = 1 << 5,
+        TRACE_ALL = TRACE_INPUT | TRACE_COMPOSITION | TRACE_EXTRA,
+    };
+    void setTraceFlags(uint32_t flags);
+    bool flagIsSet(uint32_t flags) const;
+    void setBufferSize(size_t bufferSizeInBytes);
+    void dump(std::string&) const;
+
+private:
+    static constexpr auto FILE_NAME = "/data/misc/wmtrace/layers_trace.winscope";
+
+    SurfaceFlinger& mFlinger;
+    uint32_t mFlags = TRACE_INPUT;
+    mutable std::mutex mTraceLock;
+    bool mEnabled GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock) = false;
+    std::unique_ptr<RingBuffer<LayersTraceFileProto, LayersTraceProto>> mBuffer
+            GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
+    size_t mBufferSizeInBytes GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock) = 20 * 1024 * 1024;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/RingBuffer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/RingBuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..281cd19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/RingBuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <queue>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class SurfaceFlinger;
+
+template <typename FileProto, typename EntryProto>
+class RingBuffer {
+public:
+    size_t size() const { return mSizeInBytes; }
+    size_t used() const { return mUsedInBytes; }
+    size_t frameCount() const { return mStorage.size(); }
+    void setSize(size_t newSize) { mSizeInBytes = newSize; }
+    EntryProto& front() { return mStorage.front(); }
+    const EntryProto& front() const { return mStorage.front(); }
+    const EntryProto& back() const { return mStorage.back(); }
+
+    void reset() {
+        // use the swap trick to make sure memory is released
+        std::deque<EntryProto>().swap(mStorage);
+        mUsedInBytes = 0U;
+    }
+
+    void writeToProto(FileProto& fileProto) {
+        fileProto.mutable_entry()->Reserve(static_cast<int>(mStorage.size()) +
+                                           fileProto.entry().size());
+        for (const EntryProto& entry : mStorage) {
+            EntryProto* entryProto = fileProto.add_entry();
+            *entryProto = entry;
+        }
+    }
+
+    status_t writeToFile(FileProto& fileProto, std::string filename) {
+        ATRACE_CALL();
+        writeToProto(fileProto);
+        std::string output;
+        if (!fileProto.SerializeToString(&output)) {
+            ALOGE("Could not serialize proto.");
+            return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        // -rw-r--r--
+        const mode_t mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
+        if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(output, filename, mode, getuid(), getgid(), true)) {
+            ALOGE("Could not save the proto file.");
+            return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+        }
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<EntryProto> emplace(EntryProto&& proto) {
+        std::vector<EntryProto> replacedEntries;
+        size_t protoSize = static_cast<size_t>(proto.ByteSize());
+        while (mUsedInBytes + protoSize > mSizeInBytes) {
+            if (mStorage.empty()) {
+                return {};
+            }
+            mUsedInBytes -= static_cast<size_t>(mStorage.front().ByteSize());
+            replacedEntries.emplace_back(mStorage.front());
+            mStorage.pop_front();
+        }
+        mUsedInBytes += protoSize;
+        mStorage.emplace_back();
+        mStorage.back().Swap(&proto);
+        return replacedEntries;
+    }
+
+    void dump(std::string& result) const {
+        std::chrono::milliseconds duration(0);
+        if (frameCount() > 0) {
+            duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                    std::chrono::nanoseconds(systemTime() - front().elapsed_realtime_nanos()));
+        }
+        const int64_t durationCount = duration.count();
+        base::StringAppendF(&result,
+                            "  number of entries: %zu (%.2fMB / %.2fMB) duration: %" PRIi64 "ms\n",
+                            frameCount(), float(used()) / (1024.f * 1024.f),
+                            float(size()) / (1024.f * 1024.f), durationCount);
+    }
+
+private:
+    size_t mUsedInBytes = 0U;
+    size_t mSizeInBytes = 0U;
+    std::deque<EntryProto> mStorage;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf67e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+
+#include "LayerProtoHelper.h"
+#include "TransactionProtoParser.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger {
+
+proto::TransactionState TransactionProtoParser::toProto(const TransactionState& t,
+                                                        LayerHandleToIdFn getLayerId,
+                                                        DisplayHandleToIdFn getDisplayId) {
+    proto::TransactionState proto;
+    proto.set_pid(t.originPid);
+    proto.set_uid(t.originUid);
+    proto.set_vsync_id(t.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId);
+    proto.set_input_event_id(t.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId);
+    proto.set_post_time(t.postTime);
+
+    for (auto& layerState : t.states) {
+        proto.mutable_layer_changes()->Add(std::move(toProto(layerState.state, getLayerId)));
+    }
+
+    for (auto& displayState : t.displays) {
+        proto.mutable_display_changes()->Add(std::move(toProto(displayState, getDisplayId)));
+    }
+    return proto;
+}
+
+proto::TransactionState TransactionProtoParser::toProto(
+        const std::map<int32_t /* layerId */, TracingLayerState>& states) {
+    proto::TransactionState proto;
+    for (auto& [layerId, state] : states) {
+        proto::LayerState layerProto = toProto(state, nullptr);
+        if (layerProto.has_buffer_data()) {
+            proto::LayerState_BufferData* bufferProto = layerProto.mutable_buffer_data();
+            bufferProto->set_buffer_id(state.bufferId);
+            bufferProto->set_width(state.bufferWidth);
+            bufferProto->set_height(state.bufferHeight);
+        }
+        layerProto.set_has_sideband_stream(state.hasSidebandStream);
+        layerProto.set_layer_id(state.layerId);
+        layerProto.set_parent_id(state.parentId);
+        layerProto.set_relative_parent_id(state.relativeParentId);
+        if (layerProto.has_window_info_handle()) {
+            layerProto.mutable_window_info_handle()->set_crop_layer_id(state.inputCropId);
+        }
+        proto.mutable_layer_changes()->Add(std::move(layerProto));
+    }
+    return proto;
+}
+
+proto::LayerState TransactionProtoParser::toProto(const layer_state_t& layer,
+                                                  LayerHandleToIdFn getLayerId) {
+    proto::LayerState proto;
+    if (getLayerId != nullptr) {
+        proto.set_layer_id(getLayerId(layer.surface));
+    } else {
+        proto.set_layer_id(layer.layerId);
+    }
+
+    proto.set_what(layer.what);
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::ePositionChanged) {
+        proto.set_x(layer.x);
+        proto.set_y(layer.y);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eLayerChanged) {
+        proto.set_z(layer.z);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eSizeChanged) {
+        proto.set_w(layer.w);
+        proto.set_h(layer.h);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        proto.set_layer_stack(layer.layerStack.id);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged) {
+        proto.set_flags(layer.flags);
+        proto.set_mask(layer.mask);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged) {
+        proto::LayerState_Matrix22* matrixProto = proto.mutable_matrix();
+        matrixProto->set_dsdx(layer.matrix.dsdx);
+        matrixProto->set_dsdy(layer.matrix.dsdy);
+        matrixProto->set_dtdx(layer.matrix.dtdx);
+        matrixProto->set_dtdy(layer.matrix.dtdy);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged) {
+        proto.set_corner_radius(layer.cornerRadius);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged) {
+        proto.set_background_blur_radius(layer.backgroundBlurRadius);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged) {
+        proto.set_alpha(layer.alpha);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorChanged) {
+        proto::LayerState_Color3* colorProto = proto.mutable_color();
+        colorProto->set_r(layer.color.r);
+        colorProto->set_g(layer.color.g);
+        colorProto->set_b(layer.color.b);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.transparentRegion, proto.mutable_transparent_region());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransformChanged) {
+        proto.set_transform(layer.transform);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged) {
+        proto.set_transform_to_display_inverse(layer.transformToDisplayInverse);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.crop, proto.mutable_crop());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        proto::LayerState_BufferData* bufferProto = proto.mutable_buffer_data();
+        if (layer.bufferData.buffer) {
+            bufferProto->set_buffer_id(layer.bufferData.buffer->getId());
+            bufferProto->set_width(layer.bufferData.buffer->getWidth());
+            bufferProto->set_height(layer.bufferData.buffer->getHeight());
+        }
+        bufferProto->set_frame_number(layer.bufferData.frameNumber);
+        bufferProto->set_flags(layer.bufferData.flags.get());
+        bufferProto->set_cached_buffer_id(layer.bufferData.cachedBuffer.id);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
+        proto.set_has_sideband_stream(layer.sidebandStream != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eApiChanged) {
+        proto.set_api(layer.api);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.colorTransform, proto.mutable_color_transform());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged) {
+        for (auto& region : layer.blurRegions) {
+            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(region, proto.add_blur_regions());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((layer.what & layer_state_t::eReparent) && getLayerId != nullptr) {
+        int32_t layerId = layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild
+                ? getLayerId(layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild->getHandle())
+                : -1;
+        proto.set_parent_id(layerId);
+    }
+    if ((layer.what & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) && getLayerId != nullptr) {
+        int32_t layerId = layer.relativeLayerSurfaceControl
+                ? getLayerId(layer.relativeLayerSurfaceControl->getHandle())
+                : -1;
+        proto.set_relative_parent_id(layerId);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) {
+        if (layer.windowInfoHandle) {
+            const gui::WindowInfo* inputInfo = layer.windowInfoHandle->getInfo();
+            proto::LayerState_WindowInfo* windowInfoProto = proto.mutable_window_info_handle();
+            windowInfoProto->set_layout_params_flags(inputInfo->flags.get());
+            windowInfoProto->set_layout_params_type(static_cast<int32_t>(inputInfo->type));
+            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(inputInfo->touchableRegion,
+                                           windowInfoProto->mutable_touchable_region());
+            windowInfoProto->set_surface_inset(inputInfo->surfaceInset);
+            windowInfoProto->set_focusable(inputInfo->focusable);
+            windowInfoProto->set_has_wallpaper(inputInfo->hasWallpaper);
+            windowInfoProto->set_global_scale_factor(inputInfo->globalScaleFactor);
+            proto::LayerState_Transform* transformProto = windowInfoProto->mutable_transform();
+            transformProto->set_dsdx(inputInfo->transform.dsdx());
+            transformProto->set_dtdx(inputInfo->transform.dtdx());
+            transformProto->set_dtdy(inputInfo->transform.dtdy());
+            transformProto->set_dsdy(inputInfo->transform.dsdy());
+            transformProto->set_tx(inputInfo->transform.tx());
+            transformProto->set_ty(inputInfo->transform.ty());
+            windowInfoProto->set_replace_touchable_region_with_crop(
+                    inputInfo->replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop);
+            if (getLayerId != nullptr) {
+                windowInfoProto->set_crop_layer_id(
+                        getLayerId(inputInfo->touchableRegionCropHandle.promote()));
+            } else {
+                windowInfoProto->set_crop_layer_id(-1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
+        proto.set_bg_color_alpha(layer.bgColorAlpha);
+        proto.set_bg_color_dataspace(static_cast<int32_t>(layer.bgColorDataspace));
+        proto::LayerState_Color3* colorProto = proto.mutable_color();
+        colorProto->set_r(layer.color.r);
+        colorProto->set_g(layer.color.g);
+        colorProto->set_b(layer.color.b);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged) {
+        proto.set_color_space_agnostic(layer.colorSpaceAgnostic);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged) {
+        proto.set_shadow_radius(layer.shadowRadius);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority) {
+        proto.set_frame_rate_selection_priority(layer.frameRateSelectionPriority);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged) {
+        proto.set_frame_rate(layer.frameRate);
+        proto.set_frame_rate_compatibility(layer.frameRateCompatibility);
+        proto.set_change_frame_rate_strategy(layer.changeFrameRateStrategy);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
+        proto.set_fixed_transform_hint(layer.fixedTransformHint);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged) {
+        proto.set_auto_refresh(layer.autoRefresh);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged) {
+        proto.set_is_trusted_overlay(layer.isTrustedOverlay);
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.bufferCrop, proto.mutable_buffer_crop());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(layer.destinationFrame, proto.mutable_destination_frame());
+    }
+    if (layer.what & layer_state_t::eDropInputModeChanged) {
+        proto.set_drop_input_mode(
+                static_cast<proto::LayerState_DropInputMode>(layer.dropInputMode));
+    }
+    return proto;
+}
+
+proto::DisplayState TransactionProtoParser::toProto(const DisplayState& display,
+                                                    DisplayHandleToIdFn getDisplayId) {
+    proto::DisplayState proto;
+    proto.set_what(display.what);
+    if (getDisplayId != nullptr) {
+        proto.set_id(getDisplayId(display.token));
+    }
+
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        proto.set_layer_stack(display.layerStack.id);
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplayProjectionChanged) {
+        proto.set_orientation(static_cast<uint32_t>(display.orientation));
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(display.orientedDisplaySpaceRect,
+                                       proto.mutable_oriented_display_space_rect());
+        LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(display.layerStackSpaceRect,
+                                       proto.mutable_layer_stack_space_rect());
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplaySizeChanged) {
+        proto.set_width(display.width);
+        proto.set_height(display.height);
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eFlagsChanged) {
+        proto.set_flags(display.flags);
+    }
+    return proto;
+}
+
+proto::LayerCreationArgs TransactionProtoParser::toProto(const TracingLayerCreationArgs& args) {
+    proto::LayerCreationArgs proto;
+    proto.set_layer_id(args.layerId);
+    proto.set_name(args.name);
+    proto.set_flags(args.flags);
+    proto.set_parent_id(args.parentId);
+    return proto;
+}
+
+TransactionState TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(const proto::TransactionState& proto,
+                                                   LayerIdToHandleFn getLayerHandle,
+                                                   DisplayIdToHandleFn getDisplayHandle) {
+    TransactionState t;
+    t.originPid = proto.pid();
+    t.originUid = proto.uid();
+    t.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId = proto.vsync_id();
+    t.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId = proto.input_event_id();
+    t.postTime = proto.post_time();
+    int32_t layerCount = proto.layer_changes_size();
+    t.states.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(layerCount));
+    for (int i = 0; i < layerCount; i++) {
+        ComposerState s;
+        fromProto(proto.layer_changes(i), getLayerHandle, s.state);
+        t.states.add(s);
+    }
+
+    int32_t displayCount = proto.display_changes_size();
+    t.displays.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(displayCount));
+    for (int i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
+        t.displays.add(fromProto(proto.display_changes(i), getDisplayHandle));
+    }
+    return t;
+}
+
+void TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(const proto::LayerCreationArgs& proto,
+                                       TracingLayerCreationArgs& outArgs) {
+    outArgs.layerId = proto.layer_id();
+    outArgs.name = proto.name();
+    outArgs.flags = proto.flags();
+    outArgs.parentId = proto.parent_id();
+}
+
+void TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(const proto::LayerState& proto,
+                                       LayerIdToHandleFn getLayerHandle,
+                                       TracingLayerState& outState) {
+    fromProto(proto, getLayerHandle, static_cast<layer_state_t&>(outState));
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eReparent) {
+        outState.parentId = proto.parent_id();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) {
+        outState.relativeParentId = proto.relative_parent_id();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) {
+        outState.inputCropId = proto.window_info_handle().crop_layer_id();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        const proto::LayerState_BufferData& bufferProto = proto.buffer_data();
+        outState.bufferId = bufferProto.buffer_id();
+        outState.bufferWidth = bufferProto.width();
+        outState.bufferHeight = bufferProto.height();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eSidebandStreamChanged) {
+        outState.hasSidebandStream = proto.has_sideband_stream();
+    }
+}
+
+void TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(const proto::LayerState& proto,
+                                       LayerIdToHandleFn getLayerHandle, layer_state_t& layer) {
+    layer.layerId = proto.layer_id();
+    layer.what |= proto.what();
+
+    if (getLayerHandle != nullptr) {
+        layer.surface = getLayerHandle(layer.layerId);
+    }
+
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::ePositionChanged) {
+        layer.x = proto.x();
+        layer.y = proto.y();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eLayerChanged) {
+        layer.z = proto.z();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eSizeChanged) {
+        layer.w = proto.w();
+        layer.h = proto.h();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        layer.layerStack.id = proto.layer_stack();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eFlagsChanged) {
+        layer.flags = proto.flags();
+        layer.mask = proto.mask();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged) {
+        const proto::LayerState_Matrix22& matrixProto = proto.matrix();
+        layer.matrix.dsdx = matrixProto.dsdx();
+        layer.matrix.dsdy = matrixProto.dsdy();
+        layer.matrix.dtdx = matrixProto.dtdx();
+        layer.matrix.dtdy = matrixProto.dtdy();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged) {
+        layer.cornerRadius = proto.corner_radius();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged) {
+        layer.backgroundBlurRadius = proto.background_blur_radius();
+    }
+
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eAlphaChanged) {
+        layer.alpha = proto.alpha();
+    }
+
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eColorChanged) {
+        const proto::LayerState_Color3& colorProto = proto.color();
+        layer.color.r = colorProto.r();
+        layer.color.g = colorProto.g();
+        layer.color.b = colorProto.b();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.transparent_region(), layer.transparentRegion);
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eTransformChanged) {
+        layer.transform = proto.transform();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged) {
+        layer.transformToDisplayInverse = proto.transform_to_display_inverse();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.crop(), layer.crop);
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        const proto::LayerState_BufferData& bufferProto = proto.buffer_data();
+        layer.bufferData.frameNumber = bufferProto.frame_number();
+        layer.bufferData.flags = Flags<BufferData::BufferDataChange>(bufferProto.flags());
+        layer.bufferData.cachedBuffer.id = bufferProto.cached_buffer_id();
+    }
+
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eApiChanged) {
+        layer.api = proto.api();
+    }
+
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eColorTransformChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.color_transform(), layer.colorTransform);
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eBlurRegionsChanged) {
+        layer.blurRegions.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(proto.blur_regions_size()));
+        for (int i = 0; i < proto.blur_regions_size(); i++) {
+            android::BlurRegion region;
+            LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.blur_regions(i), region);
+            layer.blurRegions.push_back(region);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((proto.what() & layer_state_t::eReparent) && (getLayerHandle != nullptr)) {
+        int32_t layerId = proto.parent_id();
+        layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
+                new SurfaceControl(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), getLayerHandle(layerId),
+                                   nullptr, layerId);
+    }
+    if ((proto.what() & layer_state_t::eRelativeLayerChanged) && (getLayerHandle != nullptr)) {
+        int32_t layerId = proto.relative_parent_id();
+        layer.relativeLayerSurfaceControl =
+                new SurfaceControl(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), getLayerHandle(layerId),
+                                   nullptr, layerId);
+    }
+
+    if ((proto.what() & layer_state_t::eInputInfoChanged) && proto.has_window_info_handle()) {
+        gui::WindowInfo inputInfo;
+        const proto::LayerState_WindowInfo& windowInfoProto = proto.window_info_handle();
+
+        inputInfo.flags = static_cast<gui::WindowInfo::Flag>(windowInfoProto.layout_params_flags());
+        inputInfo.type = static_cast<gui::WindowInfo::Type>(windowInfoProto.layout_params_type());
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(windowInfoProto.touchable_region(),
+                                        inputInfo.touchableRegion);
+        inputInfo.surfaceInset = windowInfoProto.surface_inset();
+        inputInfo.focusable = windowInfoProto.focusable();
+        inputInfo.hasWallpaper = windowInfoProto.has_wallpaper();
+        inputInfo.globalScaleFactor = windowInfoProto.global_scale_factor();
+        const proto::LayerState_Transform& transformProto = windowInfoProto.transform();
+        inputInfo.transform.set(transformProto.dsdx(), transformProto.dtdx(), transformProto.dtdy(),
+                                transformProto.dsdy());
+        inputInfo.transform.set(transformProto.tx(), transformProto.ty());
+        inputInfo.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop =
+                windowInfoProto.replace_touchable_region_with_crop();
+        int32_t layerId = windowInfoProto.crop_layer_id();
+        if (getLayerHandle != nullptr) {
+            inputInfo.touchableRegionCropHandle = getLayerHandle(layerId);
+        }
+        layer.windowInfoHandle = sp<gui::WindowInfoHandle>::make(inputInfo);
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
+        layer.bgColorAlpha = proto.bg_color_alpha();
+        layer.bgColorDataspace = static_cast<ui::Dataspace>(proto.bg_color_dataspace());
+        const proto::LayerState_Color3& colorProto = proto.color();
+        layer.color.r = colorProto.r();
+        layer.color.g = colorProto.g();
+        layer.color.b = colorProto.b();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged) {
+        layer.colorSpaceAgnostic = proto.color_space_agnostic();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eShadowRadiusChanged) {
+        layer.shadowRadius = proto.shadow_radius();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eFrameRateSelectionPriority) {
+        layer.frameRateSelectionPriority = proto.frame_rate_selection_priority();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eFrameRateChanged) {
+        layer.frameRate = proto.frame_rate();
+        layer.frameRateCompatibility = static_cast<int8_t>(proto.frame_rate_compatibility());
+        layer.changeFrameRateStrategy = static_cast<int8_t>(proto.change_frame_rate_strategy());
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eFixedTransformHintChanged) {
+        layer.fixedTransformHint =
+                static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(proto.fixed_transform_hint());
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eAutoRefreshChanged) {
+        layer.autoRefresh = proto.auto_refresh();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eTrustedOverlayChanged) {
+        layer.isTrustedOverlay = proto.is_trusted_overlay();
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.buffer_crop(), layer.bufferCrop);
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged) {
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.destination_frame(), layer.destinationFrame);
+    }
+    if (proto.what() & layer_state_t::eDropInputModeChanged) {
+        layer.dropInputMode = static_cast<gui::DropInputMode>(proto.drop_input_mode());
+    }
+}
+
+DisplayState TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(const proto::DisplayState& proto,
+                                               DisplayIdToHandleFn getDisplayHandle) {
+    DisplayState display;
+    display.what = proto.what();
+    display.token = getDisplayHandle(proto.id());
+
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged) {
+        display.layerStack.id = proto.layer_stack();
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplayProjectionChanged) {
+        display.orientation = static_cast<ui::Rotation>(proto.orientation());
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.oriented_display_space_rect(),
+                                        display.orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
+        LayerProtoHelper::readFromProto(proto.layer_stack_space_rect(),
+                                        display.layerStackSpaceRect);
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eDisplaySizeChanged) {
+        display.width = proto.width();
+        display.height = proto.height();
+    }
+    if (display.what & DisplayState::eFlagsChanged) {
+        display.flags = proto.flags();
+    }
+    return display;
+}
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c1202f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <layerproto/TransactionProto.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+
+#include "TransactionState.h"
+
+namespace android::surfaceflinger {
+
+struct TracingLayerCreationArgs {
+    int32_t layerId;
+    std::string name;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    int32_t parentId;
+};
+
+struct TracingLayerState : layer_state_t {
+    uint64_t bufferId;
+    uint32_t bufferHeight;
+    uint32_t bufferWidth;
+    bool hasSidebandStream;
+    int32_t parentId;
+    int32_t relativeParentId;
+    int32_t inputCropId;
+    std::string name;
+    uint32_t layerCreationFlags;
+};
+
+class TransactionProtoParser {
+public:
+    typedef std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> LayerIdToHandleFn;
+    typedef std::function<sp<IBinder>(int32_t)> DisplayIdToHandleFn;
+    typedef std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> LayerHandleToIdFn;
+    typedef std::function<int32_t(const sp<IBinder>&)> DisplayHandleToIdFn;
+
+    static proto::TransactionState toProto(const TransactionState&, LayerHandleToIdFn getLayerIdFn,
+                                           DisplayHandleToIdFn getDisplayIdFn);
+    static proto::TransactionState toProto(
+            const std::map<int32_t /* layerId */, TracingLayerState>&);
+
+    static proto::LayerCreationArgs toProto(const TracingLayerCreationArgs& args);
+
+    static TransactionState fromProto(const proto::TransactionState&,
+                                      LayerIdToHandleFn getLayerHandleFn,
+                                      DisplayIdToHandleFn getDisplayHandleFn);
+    static void fromProto(const proto::LayerState&, LayerIdToHandleFn getLayerHandleFn,
+                          TracingLayerState& outState);
+    static void fromProto(const proto::LayerCreationArgs&, TracingLayerCreationArgs& outArgs);
+
+private:
+    static proto::LayerState toProto(const layer_state_t&, LayerHandleToIdFn getLayerId);
+    static proto::DisplayState toProto(const DisplayState&, DisplayHandleToIdFn getDisplayId);
+    static void fromProto(const proto::LayerState&, LayerIdToHandleFn getLayerHandle,
+                          layer_state_t& out);
+    static DisplayState fromProto(const proto::DisplayState&, DisplayIdToHandleFn getDisplayHandle);
+};
+
+} // namespace android::surfaceflinger
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf488c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "TransactionTracing"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include "RingBuffer.h"
+#include "TransactionTracing.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+TransactionTracing::TransactionTracing() {
+    mBuffer = std::make_unique<
+            RingBuffer<proto::TransactionTraceFile, proto::TransactionTraceEntry>>();
+}
+
+TransactionTracing::~TransactionTracing() = default;
+
+bool TransactionTracing::enable() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    if (mEnabled) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mBuffer->setSize(mBufferSizeInBytes);
+    mStartingTimestamp = systemTime();
+    mEnabled = true;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMainThreadLock);
+        mDone = false;
+        mThread = std::thread(&TransactionTracing::loop, this);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool TransactionTracing::disable() {
+    std::thread thread;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMainThreadLock);
+        mDone = true;
+        mTransactionsAvailableCv.notify_all();
+        thread = std::move(mThread);
+    }
+    if (thread.joinable()) {
+        thread.join();
+    }
+
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    if (!mEnabled) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    mEnabled = false;
+
+    writeToFileLocked();
+    mBuffer->reset();
+    mQueuedTransactions.clear();
+    mStartingStates.clear();
+    mLayerHandles.clear();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool TransactionTracing::isEnabled() const {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    return mEnabled;
+}
+
+status_t TransactionTracing::writeToFile() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    if (!mEnabled) {
+        return STATUS_OK;
+    }
+    return writeToFileLocked();
+}
+
+status_t TransactionTracing::writeToFileLocked() {
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile fileProto = createTraceFileProto();
+    addStartingStateToProtoLocked(fileProto);
+    return mBuffer->writeToFile(fileProto, FILE_NAME);
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::setBufferSize(size_t bufferSizeInBytes) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    mBufferSizeInBytes = bufferSizeInBytes;
+    mBuffer->setSize(mBufferSizeInBytes);
+}
+
+proto::TransactionTraceFile TransactionTracing::createTraceFileProto() const {
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile proto;
+    proto.set_magic_number(uint64_t(proto::TransactionTraceFile_MagicNumber_MAGIC_NUMBER_H) << 32 |
+                           proto::TransactionTraceFile_MagicNumber_MAGIC_NUMBER_L);
+    return proto;
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::dump(std::string& result) const {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    base::StringAppendF(&result, "Transaction tracing state: %s\n",
+                        mEnabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+    base::StringAppendF(&result,
+                        "  queued transactions=%zu created layers=%zu handles=%zu states=%zu\n",
+                        mQueuedTransactions.size(), mCreatedLayers.size(), mLayerHandles.size(),
+                        mStartingStates.size());
+    mBuffer->dump(result);
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::addQueuedTransaction(const TransactionState& transaction) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    if (!mEnabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+    mQueuedTransactions[transaction.id] =
+            TransactionProtoParser::toProto(transaction,
+                                            std::bind(&TransactionTracing::getLayerIdLocked, this,
+                                                      std::placeholders::_1),
+                                            nullptr);
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::addCommittedTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions,
+                                                  int64_t vsyncId) {
+    CommittedTransactions committedTransactions;
+    committedTransactions.vsyncId = vsyncId;
+    committedTransactions.timestamp = systemTime();
+    committedTransactions.transactionIds.reserve(transactions.size());
+    for (const auto& transaction : transactions) {
+        committedTransactions.transactionIds.emplace_back(transaction.id);
+    }
+
+    mPendingTransactions.emplace_back(committedTransactions);
+    tryPushToTracingThread();
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::loop() {
+    while (true) {
+        std::vector<CommittedTransactions> committedTransactions;
+        std::vector<int32_t> removedLayers;
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMainThreadLock);
+            base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mMainThreadLock);
+            mTransactionsAvailableCv.wait(lock, [&]() REQUIRES(mMainThreadLock) {
+                return mDone || !mCommittedTransactions.empty();
+            });
+            if (mDone) {
+                mCommittedTransactions.clear();
+                mRemovedLayers.clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            removedLayers = std::move(mRemovedLayers);
+            mRemovedLayers.clear();
+            committedTransactions = std::move(mCommittedTransactions);
+            mCommittedTransactions.clear();
+        } // unlock mMainThreadLock
+
+        addEntry(committedTransactions, removedLayers);
+    }
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::addEntry(const std::vector<CommittedTransactions>& committedTransactions,
+                                  const std::vector<int32_t>& removedLayers) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    std::vector<proto::TransactionTraceEntry> removedEntries;
+    for (const CommittedTransactions& entry : committedTransactions) {
+        proto::TransactionTraceEntry entryProto;
+        entryProto.set_elapsed_realtime_nanos(entry.timestamp);
+        entryProto.set_vsync_id(entry.vsyncId);
+        entryProto.mutable_added_layers()->Reserve(static_cast<int32_t>(mCreatedLayers.size()));
+        for (auto& newLayer : mCreatedLayers) {
+            entryProto.mutable_added_layers()->Add(std::move(newLayer));
+        }
+        entryProto.mutable_removed_layers()->Reserve(static_cast<int32_t>(removedLayers.size()));
+        for (auto& removedLayer : removedLayers) {
+            entryProto.mutable_removed_layers()->Add(removedLayer);
+        }
+        mCreatedLayers.clear();
+        entryProto.mutable_transactions()->Reserve(
+                static_cast<int32_t>(entry.transactionIds.size()));
+        for (const uint64_t& id : entry.transactionIds) {
+            auto it = mQueuedTransactions.find(id);
+            if (it != mQueuedTransactions.end()) {
+                entryProto.mutable_transactions()->Add(std::move(it->second));
+                mQueuedTransactions.erase(it);
+            } else {
+                ALOGE("Could not find transaction id %" PRIu64, id);
+            }
+        }
+        std::vector<proto::TransactionTraceEntry> entries = mBuffer->emplace(std::move(entryProto));
+        removedEntries.insert(removedEntries.end(), std::make_move_iterator(entries.begin()),
+                              std::make_move_iterator(entries.end()));
+    }
+
+    for (const proto::TransactionTraceEntry& removedEntry : removedEntries) {
+        updateStartingStateLocked(removedEntry);
+    }
+    mTransactionsAddedToBufferCv.notify_one();
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::flush(int64_t vsyncId) {
+    while (!mPendingTransactions.empty() || !mPendingRemovedLayers.empty()) {
+        tryPushToTracingThread();
+    }
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTraceLock);
+    base::ScopedLockAssertion assumeLocked(mTraceLock);
+    mTransactionsAddedToBufferCv.wait(lock, [&]() REQUIRES(mTraceLock) {
+        return mBuffer->used() > 0 && mBuffer->back().vsync_id() >= vsyncId;
+    });
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::onLayerAdded(BBinder* layerHandle, int layerId, const std::string& name,
+                                      uint32_t flags, int parentId) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mTraceLock);
+    TracingLayerCreationArgs args{layerId, name, flags, parentId};
+    mLayerHandles[layerHandle] = layerId;
+    mCreatedLayers.emplace_back(TransactionProtoParser::toProto(args));
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::onLayerRemoved(int32_t layerId) {
+    mPendingRemovedLayers.emplace_back(layerId);
+    tryPushToTracingThread();
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::tryPushToTracingThread() {
+    // Try to acquire the lock from main thread.
+    if (mMainThreadLock.try_lock()) {
+        // We got the lock! Collect any pending transactions and continue.
+        mCommittedTransactions.insert(mCommittedTransactions.end(),
+                                      std::make_move_iterator(mPendingTransactions.begin()),
+                                      std::make_move_iterator(mPendingTransactions.end()));
+        mPendingTransactions.clear();
+        mRemovedLayers.insert(mRemovedLayers.end(), mPendingRemovedLayers.begin(),
+                              mPendingRemovedLayers.end());
+        mPendingRemovedLayers.clear();
+        mTransactionsAvailableCv.notify_one();
+        mMainThreadLock.unlock();
+    } else {
+        ALOGV("Couldn't get lock");
+    }
+}
+
+int32_t TransactionTracing::getLayerIdLocked(const sp<IBinder>& layerHandle) {
+    if (layerHandle == nullptr) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    auto it = mLayerHandles.find(layerHandle->localBinder());
+    return it == mLayerHandles.end() ? -1 : it->second;
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::updateStartingStateLocked(
+        const proto::TransactionTraceEntry& removedEntry) {
+    // Keep track of layer starting state so we can reconstruct the layer state as we purge
+    // transactions from the buffer.
+    for (const proto::LayerCreationArgs& addedLayer : removedEntry.added_layers()) {
+        TracingLayerState& startingState = mStartingStates[addedLayer.layer_id()];
+        startingState.layerId = addedLayer.layer_id();
+        startingState.name = addedLayer.name();
+        startingState.layerCreationFlags = addedLayer.flags();
+        startingState.parentId = addedLayer.parent_id();
+    }
+
+    // Merge layer states to starting transaction state.
+    for (const proto::TransactionState& transaction : removedEntry.transactions()) {
+        for (const proto::LayerState& layerState : transaction.layer_changes()) {
+            auto it = mStartingStates.find(layerState.layer_id());
+            if (it == mStartingStates.end()) {
+                ALOGE("Could not find layer id %d", layerState.layer_id());
+                continue;
+            }
+            TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(layerState, nullptr, it->second);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Clean up stale starting states since the layer has been removed and the buffer does not
+    // contain any references to the layer.
+    for (const int32_t removedLayerId : removedEntry.removed_layers()) {
+        auto it = std::find_if(mLayerHandles.begin(), mLayerHandles.end(),
+                               [removedLayerId](auto& layer) {
+                                   return layer.second == removedLayerId;
+                               });
+        if (it != mLayerHandles.end()) {
+            mLayerHandles.erase(it);
+        }
+        mStartingStates.erase(removedLayerId);
+    }
+}
+
+void TransactionTracing::addStartingStateToProtoLocked(proto::TransactionTraceFile& proto) {
+    proto::TransactionTraceEntry* entryProto = proto.add_entry();
+    entryProto->set_elapsed_realtime_nanos(mStartingTimestamp);
+    entryProto->set_vsync_id(0);
+    entryProto->mutable_added_layers()->Reserve(static_cast<int32_t>(mStartingStates.size()));
+    for (auto& [layerId, state] : mStartingStates) {
+        TracingLayerCreationArgs args{layerId, state.name, state.layerCreationFlags,
+                                      state.parentId};
+        entryProto->mutable_added_layers()->Add(TransactionProtoParser::toProto(args));
+    }
+
+    proto::TransactionState transactionProto = TransactionProtoParser::toProto(mStartingStates);
+    transactionProto.set_vsync_id(0);
+    transactionProto.set_post_time(mStartingTimestamp);
+    entryProto->mutable_transactions()->Add(std::move(transactionProto));
+}
+
+proto::TransactionTraceFile TransactionTracing::writeToProto() {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTraceLock);
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile proto = createTraceFileProto();
+    addStartingStateToProtoLocked(proto);
+    mBuffer->writeToProto(proto);
+    return proto;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..546ac7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Tracing/TransactionTracing.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <layerproto/TransactionProto.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "TransactionProtoParser.h"
+
+using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
+
+namespace android {
+
+template <typename FileProto, typename EntryProto>
+class RingBuffer;
+
+class SurfaceFlinger;
+class TransactionTracingTest;
+/*
+ * Records all committed transactions into a ring bufffer.
+ *
+ * Transactions come in via the binder thread. They are serialized to proto
+ * and stored in a map using the transaction id as key. Main thread will
+ * pass the list of transaction ids that are committed every vsync and notify
+ * the tracing thread. The tracing thread will then wake up and add the
+ * committed transactions to the ring buffer.
+ *
+ * When generating SF dump state, we will flush the buffer to a file which
+ * will then be included in the bugreport.
+ *
+ */
+class TransactionTracing {
+public:
+    TransactionTracing();
+    ~TransactionTracing();
+
+    bool enable();
+    bool disable();
+    bool isEnabled() const;
+
+    void addQueuedTransaction(const TransactionState&);
+    void addCommittedTransactions(std::vector<TransactionState>& transactions, int64_t vsyncId);
+    status_t writeToFile();
+    void setBufferSize(size_t bufferSizeInBytes);
+    void onLayerAdded(BBinder* layerHandle, int layerId, const std::string& name, uint32_t flags,
+                      int parentId);
+    void onLayerRemoved(int layerId);
+    void dump(std::string&) const;
+    static constexpr auto CONTINUOUS_TRACING_BUFFER_SIZE = 512 * 1024;
+    static constexpr auto ACTIVE_TRACING_BUFFER_SIZE = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+private:
+    friend class TransactionTracingTest;
+
+    static constexpr auto FILE_NAME = "/data/misc/wmtrace/transactions_trace.winscope";
+
+    mutable std::mutex mTraceLock;
+    bool mEnabled GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock) = false;
+    std::unique_ptr<RingBuffer<proto::TransactionTraceFile, proto::TransactionTraceEntry>> mBuffer
+            GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
+    size_t mBufferSizeInBytes GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock) = CONTINUOUS_TRACING_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, proto::TransactionState> mQueuedTransactions
+            GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
+    nsecs_t mStartingTimestamp GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
+    std::vector<proto::LayerCreationArgs> mCreatedLayers GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
+    std::unordered_map<BBinder* /* layerHandle */, int32_t /* layerId */> mLayerHandles
+            GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
+    std::map<int32_t /* layerId */, TracingLayerState> mStartingStates GUARDED_BY(mTraceLock);
+
+    // We do not want main thread to block so main thread will try to acquire mMainThreadLock,
+    // otherwise will push data to temporary container.
+    std::mutex mMainThreadLock;
+    std::thread mThread GUARDED_BY(mMainThreadLock);
+    bool mDone GUARDED_BY(mMainThreadLock) = false;
+    std::condition_variable mTransactionsAvailableCv;
+    std::condition_variable mTransactionsAddedToBufferCv;
+    struct CommittedTransactions {
+        std::vector<uint64_t> transactionIds;
+        int64_t vsyncId;
+        int64_t timestamp;
+    };
+    std::vector<CommittedTransactions> mCommittedTransactions GUARDED_BY(mMainThreadLock);
+    std::vector<CommittedTransactions> mPendingTransactions; // only accessed by main thread
+
+    std::vector<int32_t /* layerId */> mRemovedLayers GUARDED_BY(mMainThreadLock);
+    std::vector<int32_t /* layerId */> mPendingRemovedLayers; // only accessed by main thread
+
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile createTraceFileProto() const;
+    void loop();
+    void addEntry(const std::vector<CommittedTransactions>& committedTransactions,
+                  const std::vector<int32_t>& removedLayers) EXCLUDES(mTraceLock);
+    int32_t getLayerIdLocked(const sp<IBinder>& layerHandle) REQUIRES(mTraceLock);
+    void tryPushToTracingThread() EXCLUDES(mMainThreadLock);
+    void addStartingStateToProtoLocked(proto::TransactionTraceFile& proto) REQUIRES(mTraceLock);
+    void updateStartingStateLocked(const proto::TransactionTraceEntry& entry) REQUIRES(mTraceLock);
+    status_t writeToFileLocked() REQUIRES(mTraceLock);
+
+    // TEST
+    // Wait until all the committed transactions for the specified vsync id are added to the buffer.
+    void flush(int64_t vsyncId) EXCLUDES(mMainThreadLock);
+    // Return buffer contents as trace file proto
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile writeToProto() EXCLUDES(mMainThreadLock);
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
index 6af69f0..b705d9c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include "TransactionCallbackInvoker.h"
+#include "BackgroundExecutor.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
@@ -49,121 +50,25 @@
     return !callbacks.empty() && callbacks.front().type == CallbackId::Type::ON_COMMIT;
 }
 
-TransactionCallbackInvoker::~TransactionCallbackInvoker() {
-    {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-        for (const auto& [listener, transactionStats] : mCompletedTransactions) {
-            listener->unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::startRegistration(const ListenerCallbacks& listenerCallbacks) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-
-    auto [itr, inserted] = mRegisteringTransactions.insert(listenerCallbacks);
+void TransactionCallbackInvoker::addEmptyTransaction(const ListenerCallbacks& listenerCallbacks) {
     auto& [listener, callbackIds] = listenerCallbacks;
-
-    if (inserted) {
-        if (mCompletedTransactions.count(listener) == 0) {
-            status_t err = listener->linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient);
-            if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-                ALOGE("cannot add callback because linkToDeath failed, err: %d", err);
-                return err;
-            }
-        }
-        auto& transactionStatsDeque = mCompletedTransactions[listener];
-        transactionStatsDeque.emplace_back(callbackIds);
-    }
-
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    auto& transactionStatsDeque = mCompletedTransactions[listener];
+    transactionStatsDeque.emplace_back(callbackIds);
 }
 
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::endRegistration(const ListenerCallbacks& listenerCallbacks) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-
-    auto itr = mRegisteringTransactions.find(listenerCallbacks);
-    if (itr == mRegisteringTransactions.end()) {
-        ALOGE("cannot end a registration that does not exist");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    mRegisteringTransactions.erase(itr);
-
-    return NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-bool TransactionCallbackInvoker::isRegisteringTransaction(
-        const sp<IBinder>& transactionListener, const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds) {
-    ListenerCallbacks listenerCallbacks(transactionListener, callbackIds);
-
-    auto itr = mRegisteringTransactions.find(listenerCallbacks);
-    return itr != mRegisteringTransactions.end();
-}
-
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::registerPendingCallbackHandle(
-        const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-
-    // If we can't find the transaction stats something has gone wrong. The client should call
-    // startRegistration before trying to register a pending callback handle.
-    TransactionStats* transactionStats;
-    status_t err = findTransactionStats(handle->listener, handle->callbackIds, &transactionStats);
-    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGE("cannot find transaction stats");
-        return err;
-    }
-
-    mPendingTransactions[handle->listener][handle->callbackIds]++;
-    return NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::finalizeCallbackHandle(const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle,
-                                                            const std::vector<JankData>& jankData) {
-    auto listener = mPendingTransactions.find(handle->listener);
-    if (listener != mPendingTransactions.end()) {
-        auto& pendingCallbacks = listener->second;
-        auto pendingCallback = pendingCallbacks.find(handle->callbackIds);
-
-        if (pendingCallback != pendingCallbacks.end()) {
-            auto& pendingCount = pendingCallback->second;
-
-            // Decrease the pending count for this listener
-            if (--pendingCount == 0) {
-                pendingCallbacks.erase(pendingCallback);
-            }
-        } else {
-            ALOGW("there are more latched callbacks than there were registered callbacks");
-        }
-        if (listener->second.size() == 0) {
-            mPendingTransactions.erase(listener);
-        }
-    } else {
-        ALOGW("cannot find listener in mPendingTransactions");
-    }
-
-    status_t err = addCallbackHandle(handle, jankData);
-    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-        ALOGE("could not add callback handle");
-        return err;
-    }
-    return NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::finalizeOnCommitCallbackHandles(
+status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::addOnCommitCallbackHandles(
         const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles,
         std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& outRemainingHandles) {
     if (handles.empty()) {
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     const std::vector<JankData>& jankData = std::vector<JankData>();
     for (const auto& handle : handles) {
         if (!containsOnCommitCallbacks(handle->callbackIds)) {
             outRemainingHandles.push_back(handle);
             continue;
         }
-        status_t err = finalizeCallbackHandle(handle, jankData);
+        status_t err = addCallbackHandle(handle, jankData);
         if (err != NO_ERROR) {
             return err;
         }
@@ -172,14 +77,13 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::finalizePendingCallbackHandles(
+status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::addCallbackHandles(
         const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles, const std::vector<JankData>& jankData) {
     if (handles.empty()) {
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     for (const auto& handle : handles) {
-        status_t err = finalizeCallbackHandle(handle, jankData);
+        status_t err = addCallbackHandle(handle, jankData);
         if (err != NO_ERROR) {
             return err;
         }
@@ -190,12 +94,10 @@
 
 status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::registerUnpresentedCallbackHandle(
         const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-
     return addCallbackHandle(handle, std::vector<JankData>());
 }
 
-status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::findTransactionStats(
+status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::findOrCreateTransactionStats(
         const sp<IBinder>& listener, const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds,
         TransactionStats** outTransactionStats) {
     auto& transactionStatsDeque = mCompletedTransactions[listener];
@@ -208,9 +110,8 @@
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
     }
-
-    ALOGE("could not find transaction stats");
-    return BAD_VALUE;
+    *outTransactionStats = &transactionStatsDeque.emplace_back(callbackIds);
+    return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t TransactionCallbackInvoker::addCallbackHandle(const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle,
@@ -218,7 +119,8 @@
     // If we can't find the transaction stats something has gone wrong. The client should call
     // startRegistration before trying to add a callback handle.
     TransactionStats* transactionStats;
-    status_t err = findTransactionStats(handle->listener, handle->callbackIds, &transactionStats);
+    status_t err =
+            findOrCreateTransactionStats(handle->listener, handle->callbackIds, &transactionStats);
     if (err != NO_ERROR) {
         return err;
     }
@@ -229,6 +131,38 @@
     // destroyed the client side is dead and there won't be anyone to send the callback to.
     sp<IBinder> surfaceControl = handle->surfaceControl.promote();
     if (surfaceControl) {
+        sp<Fence> prevFence = nullptr;
+
+        for (const auto& futureStruct : handle->previousReleaseFences) {
+            sp<Fence> currentFence = sp<Fence>::make(dup(futureStruct.get().drawFence));
+            if (prevFence == nullptr && currentFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid) {
+                prevFence = currentFence;
+                handle->previousReleaseFence = prevFence;
+            } else if (prevFence != nullptr) {
+                // If both fences are signaled or both are unsignaled, we need to merge
+                // them to get an accurate timestamp.
+                if (prevFence->getStatus() != Fence::Status::Invalid &&
+                    prevFence->getStatus() == currentFence->getStatus()) {
+                    char fenceName[32] = {};
+                    snprintf(fenceName, 32, "%.28s", handle->name.c_str());
+                    sp<Fence> mergedFence = Fence::merge(fenceName, prevFence, currentFence);
+                    if (mergedFence->isValid()) {
+                        handle->previousReleaseFence = mergedFence;
+                        prevFence = handle->previousReleaseFence;
+                    }
+                } else if (currentFence->getStatus() == Fence::Status::Unsignaled) {
+                    // If one fence has signaled and the other hasn't, the unsignaled
+                    // fence will approximately correspond with the correct timestamp.
+                    // There's a small race if both fences signal at about the same time
+                    // and their statuses are retrieved with unfortunate timing. However,
+                    // by this point, they will have both signaled and only the timestamp
+                    // will be slightly off; any dependencies after this point will
+                    // already have been met.
+                    handle->previousReleaseFence = currentFence;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        handle->previousReleaseFences = {};
         FrameEventHistoryStats eventStats(handle->frameNumber,
                                           handle->gpuCompositionDoneFence->getSnapshot().fence,
                                           handle->compositorTiming, handle->refreshStartTime,
@@ -244,13 +178,10 @@
 }
 
 void TransactionCallbackInvoker::addPresentFence(const sp<Fence>& presentFence) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     mPresentFence = presentFence;
 }
 
-void TransactionCallbackInvoker::sendCallbacks() {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
-
+void TransactionCallbackInvoker::sendCallbacks(bool onCommitOnly) {
     // For each listener
     auto completedTransactionsItr = mCompletedTransactions.begin();
     while (completedTransactionsItr != mCompletedTransactions.end()) {
@@ -262,28 +193,14 @@
         auto transactionStatsItr = transactionStatsDeque.begin();
         while (transactionStatsItr != transactionStatsDeque.end()) {
             auto& transactionStats = *transactionStatsItr;
-
-            // If this transaction is still registering, it is not safe to send a callback
-            // because there could be surface controls that haven't been added to
-            // transaction stats or mPendingTransactions.
-            if (isRegisteringTransaction(listener, transactionStats.callbackIds)) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // If we are still waiting on the callback handles for this transaction, stop
-            // here because all transaction callbacks for the same listener must come in order
-            auto pendingTransactions = mPendingTransactions.find(listener);
-            if (pendingTransactions != mPendingTransactions.end() &&
-                pendingTransactions->second.count(transactionStats.callbackIds) != 0) {
-                break;
+            if (onCommitOnly && !containsOnCommitCallbacks(transactionStats.callbackIds)) {
+                transactionStatsItr++;
+                continue;
             }
 
             // If the transaction has been latched
             if (transactionStats.latchTime >= 0 &&
                 !containsOnCommitCallbacks(transactionStats.callbackIds)) {
-                if (!mPresentFence) {
-                    break;
-                }
                 transactionStats.presentFence = mPresentFence;
             }
 
@@ -301,22 +218,13 @@
                 // keep it as an IBinder due to consistency reasons: if we
                 // interface_cast at the IPC boundary when reading a Parcel,
                 // we get pointers that compare unequal in the SF process.
-                interface_cast<ITransactionCompletedListener>(listenerStats.listener)
-                        ->onTransactionCompleted(listenerStats);
-                if (transactionStatsDeque.empty()) {
-                    listener->unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient);
-                    completedTransactionsItr =
-                            mCompletedTransactions.erase(completedTransactionsItr);
-                } else {
-                    completedTransactionsItr++;
-                }
-            } else {
-                completedTransactionsItr =
-                        mCompletedTransactions.erase(completedTransactionsItr);
+                BackgroundExecutor::getInstance().execute([stats = std::move(listenerStats)]() {
+                    interface_cast<ITransactionCompletedListener>(stats.listener)
+                            ->onTransactionCompleted(stats);
+                });
             }
-        } else {
-            completedTransactionsItr++;
         }
+        completedTransactionsItr++;
     }
 
     if (mPresentFence) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
index 6f4d812..5ef5475 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCallbackInvoker.h
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <deque>
+#include <future>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@
 
 #include <binder/IBinder.h>
 #include <gui/ITransactionCompletedListener.h>
+#include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -41,7 +44,9 @@
     wp<IBinder> surfaceControl;
 
     bool releasePreviousBuffer = false;
+    std::string name;
     sp<Fence> previousReleaseFence;
+    std::vector<std::shared_future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>> previousReleaseFences;
     nsecs_t acquireTime = -1;
     nsecs_t latchTime = -1;
     uint32_t transformHint = 0;
@@ -56,79 +61,36 @@
 
 class TransactionCallbackInvoker {
 public:
-    ~TransactionCallbackInvoker();
-
-    // Adds listener and callbackIds in case there are no SurfaceControls that are supposed
-    // to be included in the callback. This functions should be call before attempting to register
-    // any callback handles.
-    status_t startRegistration(const ListenerCallbacks& listenerCallbacks);
-    // Ends the registration. After this is called, no more CallbackHandles will be registered.
-    // It is safe to send a callback if the Transaction doesn't have any Pending callback handles.
-    status_t endRegistration(const ListenerCallbacks& listenerCallbacks);
-
-    // Informs the TransactionCallbackInvoker that there is a Transaction with a CallbackHandle
-    // that needs to be latched and presented this frame. This function should be called once the
-    // layer has received the CallbackHandle so the TransactionCallbackInvoker knows not to send
-    // a callback for that Listener/Transaction pair until that CallbackHandle has been latched and
-    // presented.
-    status_t registerPendingCallbackHandle(const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle);
-    // Notifies the TransactionCallbackInvoker that a pending CallbackHandle has been presented.
-    status_t finalizePendingCallbackHandles(const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles,
-                                            const std::vector<JankData>& jankData);
-    status_t finalizeOnCommitCallbackHandles(const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles,
+    status_t addCallbackHandles(const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles,
+                                const std::vector<JankData>& jankData);
+    status_t addOnCommitCallbackHandles(const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles,
                                              std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& outRemainingHandles);
 
     // Adds the Transaction CallbackHandle from a layer that does not need to be relatched and
     // presented this frame.
     status_t registerUnpresentedCallbackHandle(const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle);
+    void addEmptyTransaction(const ListenerCallbacks& listenerCallbacks);
 
     void addPresentFence(const sp<Fence>& presentFence);
 
-    void sendCallbacks();
-
-private:
-
-    bool isRegisteringTransaction(const sp<IBinder>& transactionListener,
-                                  const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds) REQUIRES(mMutex);
-
-    status_t findTransactionStats(const sp<IBinder>& listener,
-                                  const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds,
-                                  TransactionStats** outTransactionStats) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    void sendCallbacks(bool onCommitOnly);
+    void clearCompletedTransactions() {
+        mCompletedTransactions.clear();
+    }
 
     status_t addCallbackHandle(const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle,
-                               const std::vector<JankData>& jankData) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+                               const std::vector<JankData>& jankData);
 
-    status_t finalizeCallbackHandle(const sp<CallbackHandle>& handle,
-                                    const std::vector<JankData>& jankData) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
-    class CallbackDeathRecipient : public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
-    public:
-        // This function is a no-op. isBinderAlive needs a linked DeathRecipient to work.
-        // Death recipients needs a binderDied function.
-        //
-        // (isBinderAlive checks if BpBinder's mAlive is 0. mAlive is only set to 0 in sendObituary.
-        // sendObituary is only called if linkToDeath was called with a DeathRecipient.)
-        void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& /*who*/) override {}
-    };
-    sp<CallbackDeathRecipient> mDeathRecipient =
-        new CallbackDeathRecipient();
-
-    std::mutex mMutex;
-    std::condition_variable_any mConditionVariable;
-
-    std::unordered_set<ListenerCallbacks, ListenerCallbacksHash> mRegisteringTransactions
-            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
-
-    std::unordered_map<
-            sp<IBinder>,
-            std::unordered_map<std::vector<CallbackId>, uint32_t /*count*/, CallbackIdsHash>,
-            IListenerHash>
-            mPendingTransactions GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+private:
+    status_t findOrCreateTransactionStats(const sp<IBinder>& listener,
+                                          const std::vector<CallbackId>& callbackIds,
+                                          TransactionStats** outTransactionStats);
 
     std::unordered_map<sp<IBinder>, std::deque<TransactionStats>, IListenerHash>
-            mCompletedTransactions GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+        mCompletedTransactions;
 
-    sp<Fence> mPresentFence GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    sp<Fence> mPresentFence;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe3f3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionState.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gui/LayerState.h>
+
+namespace android {
+class CountDownLatch;
+
+struct TransactionState {
+    TransactionState(const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+                     const Vector<ComposerState>& composerStates,
+                     const Vector<DisplayState>& displayStates, uint32_t transactionFlags,
+                     const sp<IBinder>& applyToken, const InputWindowCommands& inputWindowCommands,
+                     int64_t desiredPresentTime, bool isAutoTimestamp,
+                     const client_cache_t& uncacheBuffer, int64_t postTime, uint32_t permissions,
+                     bool hasListenerCallbacks, std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks,
+                     int originPid, int originUid, uint64_t transactionId)
+          : frameTimelineInfo(frameTimelineInfo),
+            states(composerStates),
+            displays(displayStates),
+            flags(transactionFlags),
+            applyToken(applyToken),
+            inputWindowCommands(inputWindowCommands),
+            desiredPresentTime(desiredPresentTime),
+            isAutoTimestamp(isAutoTimestamp),
+            buffer(uncacheBuffer),
+            postTime(postTime),
+            permissions(permissions),
+            hasListenerCallbacks(hasListenerCallbacks),
+            listenerCallbacks(listenerCallbacks),
+            originPid(originPid),
+            originUid(originUid),
+            id(transactionId) {}
+
+    TransactionState() {}
+
+    void traverseStatesWithBuffers(std::function<void(const layer_state_t&)> visitor);
+
+    FrameTimelineInfo frameTimelineInfo;
+    Vector<ComposerState> states;
+    Vector<DisplayState> displays;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    sp<IBinder> applyToken;
+    InputWindowCommands inputWindowCommands;
+    int64_t desiredPresentTime;
+    bool isAutoTimestamp;
+    client_cache_t buffer;
+    int64_t postTime;
+    uint32_t permissions;
+    bool hasListenerCallbacks;
+    std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> listenerCallbacks;
+    int originPid;
+    int originUid;
+    uint64_t id;
+    std::shared_ptr<CountDownLatch> transactionCommittedSignal;
+};
+
+class CountDownLatch {
+public:
+    enum {
+        eSyncTransaction = 1 << 0,
+        eSyncInputWindows = 1 << 1,
+    };
+    explicit CountDownLatch(uint32_t flags) : mFlags(flags) {}
+
+    // True if there is no waiting condition after count down.
+    bool countDown(uint32_t flag) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        if (mFlags == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        mFlags &= ~flag;
+        if (mFlags == 0) {
+            mCountDownComplete.notify_all();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Return true if triggered.
+    bool wait_until(const std::chrono::seconds& timeout) const {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        const auto untilTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now() + timeout;
+        while (mFlags != 0) {
+            // Conditional variables can be woken up sporadically, so we check count
+            // to verify the wakeup was triggered by |countDown|.
+            if (std::cv_status::timeout == mCountDownComplete.wait_until(lock, untilTime)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    uint32_t mFlags;
+    mutable std::condition_variable mCountDownComplete;
+    mutable std::mutex mMutex;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h b/services/surfaceflinger/TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h
index 935502a..802d22d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include "WpHash.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 class Layer;
@@ -54,11 +56,6 @@
 
 private:
     mutable std::mutex mMutex;
-    struct WpHash {
-        size_t operator()(const wp<IBinder>& p) const {
-            return std::hash<IBinder*>()(p.unsafe_get());
-        }
-    };
 
     std::unordered_map<wp<IBinder>, sp<gui::ITunnelModeEnabledListener>, WpHash> mListeners
             GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
index dc2aa58..b93d127 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+using gui::DisplayInfo;
 using gui::IWindowInfosListener;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@
 }
 
 void WindowInfosListenerInvoker::windowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+                                                    const std::vector<DisplayInfo>& displayInfos,
                                                     bool shouldSync) {
     std::unordered_set<sp<IWindowInfosListener>, ISurfaceComposer::SpHash<IWindowInfosListener>>
             windowInfosListeners;
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@
     mCallbacksPending = windowInfosListeners.size();
 
     for (const auto& listener : windowInfosListeners) {
-        listener->onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos,
+        listener->onWindowInfosChanged(windowInfos, displayInfos,
                                        shouldSync ? mWindowInfosReportedListener : nullptr);
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
index 5e5796f..4e08393 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/WindowInfosListenerInvoker.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include "WpHash.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 class SurfaceFlinger;
@@ -33,7 +35,8 @@
     void addWindowInfosListener(const sp<gui::IWindowInfosListener>& windowInfosListener);
     void removeWindowInfosListener(const sp<gui::IWindowInfosListener>& windowInfosListener);
 
-    void windowInfosChanged(const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>& windowInfos, bool shouldSync);
+    void windowInfosChanged(const std::vector<gui::WindowInfo>&,
+                            const std::vector<gui::DisplayInfo>&, bool shouldSync);
 
 protected:
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
@@ -41,12 +44,6 @@
 private:
     void windowInfosReported();
 
-    struct WpHash {
-        size_t operator()(const wp<IBinder>& p) const {
-            return std::hash<IBinder*>()(p.unsafe_get());
-        }
-    };
-
     const sp<SurfaceFlinger> mSf;
     std::mutex mListenersMutex;
     std::unordered_map<wp<IBinder>, const sp<gui::IWindowInfosListener>, WpHash>
diff --git a/libs/ui/Size.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/WpHash.h
similarity index 71%
copy from libs/ui/Size.cpp
copy to services/surfaceflinger/WpHash.h
index d2996d1..86777b7 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Size.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/WpHash.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <ui/Size.h>
+#pragma once
 
-namespace android::ui {
+namespace android {
 
-const Size Size::INVALID{-1, -1};
-const Size Size::EMPTY{0, 0};
+struct WpHash {
+    size_t operator()(const wp<IBinder>& p) const { return std::hash<IBinder*>()(p.unsafe_get()); }
+};
 
-} // namespace android::ui
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto
index 1c73a9f..a6d8d61 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
 option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
 package android.surfaceflinger;
 
+message RegionProto {
+    reserved 1; // Previously: uint64 id
+    repeated RectProto rect = 2;
+}
+
 message RectProto {
   int32 left   = 1;
   int32 top    = 2;
@@ -36,4 +41,51 @@
   float dsdy = 3;
   float dtdy = 4;
   int32 type = 5;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+message ColorProto {
+    float r = 1;
+    float g = 2;
+    float b = 3;
+    float a = 4;
+}
+
+message InputWindowInfoProto {
+    uint32 layout_params_flags = 1;
+    int32 layout_params_type = 2;
+    RectProto frame = 3;
+    RegionProto touchable_region = 4;
+
+    int32 surface_inset = 5;
+    bool visible = 6;
+    bool can_receive_keys = 7 [deprecated = true];
+    bool focusable = 8;
+    bool has_wallpaper = 9;
+
+    float global_scale_factor = 10;
+    float window_x_scale = 11 [deprecated = true];
+    float window_y_scale = 12 [deprecated = true];
+
+    int32 crop_layer_id = 13;
+    bool replace_touchable_region_with_crop = 14;
+    RectProto touchable_region_crop = 15;
+    TransformProto transform = 16;
+}
+
+message BlurRegion {
+    uint32 blur_radius = 1;
+    uint32 corner_radius_tl = 2;
+    uint32 corner_radius_tr = 3;
+    uint32 corner_radius_bl = 4;
+    float corner_radius_br = 5;
+    float alpha = 6;
+    int32 left = 7;
+    int32 top = 8;
+    int32 right = 9;
+    int32 bottom = 10;
+}
+
+message ColorTransformProto {
+    // This will be a 4x4 matrix of float values
+    repeated float val = 1;
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/display.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/display.proto
index ee8830e..c8cd926 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/display.proto
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/display.proto
@@ -33,4 +33,6 @@
     RectProto layer_stack_space_rect = 5;
 
     TransformProto transform = 6;
+
+    bool is_virtual = 7;
 }
diff --git a/libs/ui/Size.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/include/layerproto/TransactionProto.h
similarity index 68%
copy from libs/ui/Size.cpp
copy to services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/include/layerproto/TransactionProto.h
index d2996d1..3e9ca52 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Size.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/include/layerproto/TransactionProto.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <ui/Size.h>
-
-namespace android::ui {
-
-const Size Size::INVALID{-1, -1};
-const Size Size::EMPTY{0, 0};
-
-} // namespace android::ui
+// disable the warnings emitted from the protobuf headers. This file should be included instead of
+// directly including the generated header file
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#include <transactions.pb.h>
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto
index 057eabb..4529905 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/layers.proto
@@ -143,11 +143,6 @@
   float y = 2;
 }
 
-message RegionProto {
-  reserved 1;  // Previously: uint64 id
-  repeated RectProto rect = 2;
-}
-
 message FloatRectProto {
   float left = 1;
   float top = 2;
@@ -162,13 +157,6 @@
   int32 format = 4;
 }
 
-message ColorProto {
-  float r = 1;
-  float g = 2;
-  float b = 3;
-  float a = 4;
-}
-
 message BarrierLayerProto {
   // layer id the barrier is waiting on.
   int32 id = 1;
@@ -176,42 +164,3 @@
   uint64 frame_number = 2;
 }
 
-message InputWindowInfoProto {
-    uint32 layout_params_flags = 1;
-    uint32 layout_params_type = 2;
-    RectProto frame = 3;
-    RegionProto touchable_region = 4;
-
-    uint32 surface_inset = 5;
-    bool visible = 6;
-    bool can_receive_keys = 7  [deprecated=true];
-    bool focusable = 8;
-    bool has_wallpaper = 9;
-
-    float global_scale_factor = 10;
-    float window_x_scale = 11 [deprecated=true];
-    float window_y_scale = 12 [deprecated=true];
-
-    uint32 crop_layer_id = 13;
-    bool replace_touchable_region_with_crop = 14;
-    RectProto touchable_region_crop = 15;
-    TransformProto transform = 16;
-}
-
-message ColorTransformProto {
-  // This will be a 4x4 matrix of float values
-  repeated float val = 1;
-}
-
-message BlurRegion {
-    uint32 blur_radius = 1;
-    uint32 corner_radius_tl = 2;
-    uint32 corner_radius_tr = 3;
-    uint32 corner_radius_bl = 4;
-    float corner_radius_br = 5;
-    float alpha = 6;
-    int32 left = 7;
-    int32 top = 8;
-    int32 right = 9;
-    int32 bottom = 10;
-}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/transactions.proto b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/transactions.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10222cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/transactions.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+import "frameworks/native/services/surfaceflinger/layerproto/common.proto";
+
+package android.surfaceflinger.proto;
+
+/* Represents a file full of surface flinger transactions.
+   Encoded, it should start with 0x54 0x4E 0x58 0x54 0x52 0x41 0x43 0x45 (.TNXTRACE), such
+   that they can be easily identified. */
+message TransactionTraceFile {
+    /* constant; MAGIC_NUMBER = (long) MAGIC_NUMBER_H << 32 | MagicNumber.MAGIC_NUMBER_L
+       (this is needed because enums have to be 32 bits and there's no nice way to put 64bit
+        constants into .proto files. */
+    enum MagicNumber {
+        INVALID = 0;
+        MAGIC_NUMBER_L = 0x54584E54; /* TNXT (little-endian ASCII) */
+        MAGIC_NUMBER_H = 0x45434152; /* RACE (little-endian ASCII) */
+    }
+
+    fixed64 magic_number = 1; /* Must be the first field, set to value in MagicNumber */
+    repeated TransactionTraceEntry entry = 2;
+}
+
+message TransactionTraceEntry {
+    int64 elapsed_realtime_nanos = 1;
+    int64 vsync_id = 2;
+    repeated TransactionState transactions = 3;
+    repeated LayerCreationArgs added_layers = 4;
+    repeated int32 removed_layers = 5;
+    repeated DisplayState added_displays = 6;
+    repeated int32 removed_displays = 7;
+}
+
+message LayerCreationArgs {
+    int32 layer_id = 1;
+    string name = 2;
+    uint32 flags = 3;
+    int32 parent_id = 4;
+}
+
+message TransactionState {
+    int32 pid = 1;
+    int32 uid = 2;
+    int64 vsync_id = 3;
+    int32 input_event_id = 4;
+    int64 post_time = 5;
+    repeated LayerState layer_changes = 6;
+    repeated DisplayState display_changes = 7;
+}
+
+// Keep insync with layer_state_t
+message LayerState {
+    int32 layer_id = 1;
+    // Changes are split into ChangesLsb and ChangesMsb. First 32 bits are in ChangesLsb
+    // and the next 32 bits are in ChangesMsb. This is needed because enums have to be
+    // 32 bits and there's no nice way to put 64bit constants into .proto files.
+    enum ChangesLsb {
+        eChangesLsbNone = 0;
+        ePositionChanged = 0x00000001;
+        eLayerChanged = 0x00000002;
+        eSizeChanged = 0x00000004;
+        eAlphaChanged = 0x00000008;
+        eMatrixChanged = 0x00000010;
+        eTransparentRegionChanged = 0x00000020;
+        eFlagsChanged = 0x00000040;
+        eLayerStackChanged = 0x00000080;
+        eReleaseBufferListenerChanged = 0x00000400;
+        eShadowRadiusChanged = 0x00000800;
+        eLayerCreated = 0x00001000;
+        eBufferCropChanged = 0x00002000;
+        eRelativeLayerChanged = 0x00004000;
+        eReparent = 0x00008000;
+        eColorChanged = 0x00010000;
+        eDestroySurface = 0x00020000;
+        eTransformChanged = 0x00040000;
+        eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged = 0x00080000;
+        eCropChanged = 0x00100000;
+        eBufferChanged = 0x00200000;
+        eAcquireFenceChanged = 0x00400000;
+        eDataspaceChanged = 0x00800000;
+        eHdrMetadataChanged = 0x01000000;
+        eSurfaceDamageRegionChanged = 0x02000000;
+        eApiChanged = 0x04000000;
+        eSidebandStreamChanged = 0x08000000;
+        eColorTransformChanged = 0x10000000;
+        eHasListenerCallbacksChanged = 0x20000000;
+        eInputInfoChanged = 0x40000000;
+        eCornerRadiusChanged = -2147483648; // 0x80000000; (proto stores enums as signed int)
+    };
+    enum ChangesMsb {
+        eChangesMsbNone = 0;
+        eDestinationFrameChanged = 0x1;
+        eCachedBufferChanged = 0x2;
+        eBackgroundColorChanged = 0x4;
+        eMetadataChanged = 0x8;
+        eColorSpaceAgnosticChanged = 0x10;
+        eFrameRateSelectionPriority = 0x20;
+        eFrameRateChanged = 0x40;
+        eBackgroundBlurRadiusChanged = 0x80;
+        eProducerDisconnect = 0x100;
+        eFixedTransformHintChanged = 0x200;
+        eFrameNumberChanged = 0x400;
+        eBlurRegionsChanged = 0x800;
+        eAutoRefreshChanged = 0x1000;
+        eStretchChanged = 0x2000;
+        eTrustedOverlayChanged = 0x4000;
+        eDropInputModeChanged = 0x8000;
+    };
+    uint64 what = 2;
+    float x = 3;
+    float y = 4;
+    int32 z = 5;
+    uint32 w = 6;
+    uint32 h = 7;
+    uint32 layer_stack = 8;
+
+    enum Flags {
+        eFlagsNone = 0;
+        eLayerHidden = 0x01;
+        eLayerOpaque = 0x02;
+        eLayerSkipScreenshot = 0x40;
+        eLayerSecure = 0x80;
+        eEnableBackpressure = 0x100;
+    };
+    uint32 flags = 9;
+    uint32 mask = 10;
+
+    message Matrix22 {
+        float dsdx = 1;
+        float dtdx = 2;
+        float dtdy = 3;
+        float dsdy = 4;
+    };
+    Matrix22 matrix = 11;
+    float corner_radius = 12;
+    uint32 background_blur_radius = 13;
+    int32 parent_id = 14;
+    int32 relative_parent_id = 15;
+
+    float alpha = 16;
+    message Color3 {
+        float r = 1;
+        float g = 2;
+        float b = 3;
+    }
+    Color3 color = 17;
+    RegionProto transparent_region = 18;
+    uint32 transform = 19;
+    bool transform_to_display_inverse = 20;
+    RectProto crop = 21;
+
+    message BufferData {
+        uint64 buffer_id = 1;
+        uint32 width = 2;
+        uint32 height = 3;
+        uint64 frame_number = 4;
+
+        enum BufferDataChange {
+            BufferDataChangeNone = 0;
+            fenceChanged = 0x01;
+            frameNumberChanged = 0x02;
+            cachedBufferChanged = 0x04;
+        }
+        uint32 flags = 5;
+        uint64 cached_buffer_id = 6;
+    }
+    BufferData buffer_data = 22;
+    int32 api = 23;
+    bool has_sideband_stream = 24;
+    ColorTransformProto color_transform = 25;
+    repeated BlurRegion blur_regions = 26;
+
+    message Transform {
+        float dsdx = 1;
+        float dtdx = 2;
+        float dtdy = 3;
+        float dsdy = 4;
+        float tx = 5;
+        float ty = 6;
+    }
+    message WindowInfo {
+        uint32 layout_params_flags = 1;
+        int32 layout_params_type = 2;
+        RegionProto touchable_region = 3;
+        int32 surface_inset = 4;
+        bool focusable = 5;
+        bool has_wallpaper = 6;
+        float global_scale_factor = 7;
+        int32 crop_layer_id = 8;
+        bool replace_touchable_region_with_crop = 9;
+        RectProto touchable_region_crop = 10;
+        Transform transform = 11;
+    }
+    WindowInfo window_info_handle = 27;
+    float bg_color_alpha = 28;
+    int32 bg_color_dataspace = 29;
+    bool color_space_agnostic = 30;
+    float shadow_radius = 31;
+    int32 frame_rate_selection_priority = 32;
+    float frame_rate = 33;
+    int32 frame_rate_compatibility = 34;
+    int32 change_frame_rate_strategy = 35;
+    uint32 fixed_transform_hint = 36;
+    uint64 frame_number = 37;
+    bool auto_refresh = 38;
+    bool is_trusted_overlay = 39;
+    RectProto buffer_crop = 40;
+    RectProto destination_frame = 41;
+
+    enum DropInputMode {
+        NONE = 0;
+        ALL = 1;
+        OBSCURED = 2;
+    };
+    DropInputMode drop_input_mode = 42;
+}
+
+message DisplayState {
+    enum Changes {
+        eChangesNone = 0;
+        eSurfaceChanged = 0x01;
+        eLayerStackChanged = 0x02;
+        eDisplayProjectionChanged = 0x04;
+        eDisplaySizeChanged = 0x08;
+        eFlagsChanged = 0x10;
+    };
+    int32 id = 1;
+    uint32 what = 2;
+    uint32 flags = 3;
+    uint32 layer_stack = 4;
+    uint32 orientation = 5;
+    RectProto layer_stack_space_rect = 6;
+    RectProto oriented_display_space_rect = 7;
+    uint32 width = 8;
+    uint32 height = 9;
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
index 78f8a2f..7702ea2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
@@ -414,16 +414,6 @@
     prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.supports_background_blur"
 }
 
-# Indicates whether Scheduler should use frame rate API when adjusting the
-# display refresh rate.
-prop {
-    api_name: "use_frame_rate_api"
-    type: Boolean
-    scope: Public
-    access: Readonly
-    prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.use_frame_rate_api"
-}
-
 # Sets the timeout used to rate limit DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT Power HAL notifications.
 # SurfaceFlinger wakeups will trigger this boost whenever they are separated by more than this
 # duration (specified in milliseconds). A value of 0 disables the rate limit, and will result in
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-current.txt b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-current.txt
index 9c567d6..bf1e7e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-current.txt
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-current.txt
@@ -152,10 +152,6 @@
     prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.use_context_priority"
   }
   prop {
-    api_name: "use_frame_rate_api"
-    prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.use_frame_rate_api"
-  }
-  prop {
     api_name: "use_smart_90_for_video"
     prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.use_smart_90_for_video"
     deprecated: true
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-latest.txt b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-latest.txt
index ba60a7d..640b9fb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-latest.txt
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/SurfaceFlingerProperties-latest.txt
@@ -136,10 +136,6 @@
     prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.use_context_priority"
   }
   prop {
-    api_name: "use_frame_rate_api"
-    prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.use_frame_rate_api"
-  }
-  prop {
     api_name: "use_smart_90_for_video"
     prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.use_smart_90_for_video"
     deprecated: true
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 32ad873..7b86229 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
         "libandroid",
         "libbase",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Credentials_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Credentials_test.cpp
index fa3f0e7..d33bc10 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Credentials_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/Credentials_test.cpp
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(mBGSurfaceControl->isValid());
 
         Transaction t;
-        t.setDisplayLayerStack(mDisplay, 0);
+        t.setDisplayLayerStack(mDisplay, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
         ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
                   t.setLayer(mBGSurfaceControl, INT_MAX - 3).show(mBGSurfaceControl).apply());
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/EffectLayer_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/EffectLayer_test.cpp
index 93656f3..9fa0452 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/EffectLayer_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/EffectLayer_test.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
         mParentLayer = createColorLayer("Parent layer", Color::RED);
         asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) {
-            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
             t.setLayer(mParentLayer, INT32_MAX - 2).show(mParentLayer);
             t.setFlags(mParentLayer, layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque, layer_state_t::eLayerOpaque);
         });
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp
index 84fea6c..ce94dab 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/IPC_test.cpp
@@ -159,10 +159,9 @@
                                                  {0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(width),
                                                   static_cast<int32_t>(height)},
                                                  Color::RED);
-        transaction->setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl, 0)
+        transaction->setLayerStack(mSurfaceControl, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                 .setLayer(mSurfaceControl, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max())
-                .setBuffer(mSurfaceControl, gb)
-                .setAcquireFence(mSurfaceControl, fence)
+                .setBuffer(mSurfaceControl, gb, fence)
                 .show(mSurfaceControl)
                 .addTransactionCompletedCallback(mCallbackHelper.function,
                                                  mCallbackHelper.getContext());
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@
         mDisplayHeight = mode.resolution.getHeight();
 
         Transaction setupTransaction;
-        setupTransaction.setDisplayLayerStack(mPrimaryDisplay, 0);
+        setupTransaction.setDisplayLayerStack(mPrimaryDisplay, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
         setupTransaction.apply();
     }
 
@@ -310,10 +309,9 @@
                                              Color::RED);
 
     Transaction transaction;
-    transaction.setLayerStack(sc, 0)
+    transaction.setLayerStack(sc, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .setLayer(sc, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() - 1)
-            .setBuffer(sc, gb)
-            .setAcquireFence(sc, fence)
+            .setBuffer(sc, gb, fence)
             .show(sc)
             .addTransactionCompletedCallback(helper1.function, helper1.getContext());
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
index 7ff041e..5c16fee 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerCallback_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_1::BufferUsage;
+using SCHash = SurfaceComposerClient::SCHash;
 
 ::testing::Environment* const binderEnv =
         ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new BinderEnvironment());
@@ -66,8 +67,7 @@
                     return err;
                 }
 
-                transaction.setBuffer(layer, buffer);
-                transaction.setAcquireFence(layer, fence);
+                transaction.setBuffer(layer, buffer, fence);
             }
 
             if (setBackgroundColor) {
@@ -103,6 +103,24 @@
         }
     }
 
+    static void waitForCommitCallback(
+            CallbackHelper& helper,
+            const std::unordered_set<sp<SurfaceControl>, SCHash>& committedSc) {
+        CallbackData callbackData;
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(helper.getCallbackData(&callbackData));
+
+        const auto& surfaceControlStats = callbackData.surfaceControlStats;
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(surfaceControlStats.size(), committedSc.size()) << "wrong number of surfaces";
+
+        for (const auto& stats : surfaceControlStats) {
+            ASSERT_NE(stats.surfaceControl, nullptr) << "returned null surface control";
+
+            const auto& expectedSc = committedSc.find(stats.surfaceControl);
+            ASSERT_NE(expectedSc, committedSc.end()) << "unexpected surface control";
+        }
+    }
+
     DisplayEventReceiver mDisplayEventReceiver;
     int mEpollFd;
 
@@ -1030,4 +1048,85 @@
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
 }
 
+// b202394221
+TEST_F(LayerCallbackTest, EmptyBufferStateChanges) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> bufferLayer, emptyBufferLayer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferLayer = createBufferStateLayer());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(emptyBufferLayer = createBufferStateLayer());
+
+    Transaction transaction;
+    CallbackHelper callback;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        int err = fillTransaction(transaction, &callback, bufferLayer);
+        if (err) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "test not supported";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ui::Size bufferSize = getBufferSize();
+
+        TransactionUtils::setFrame(transaction, bufferLayer,
+                                   Rect(0, 0, bufferSize.width, bufferSize.height),
+                                   Rect(0, 0, 32, 32));
+        transaction.setPosition(emptyBufferLayer, 1 + i, 2 + i);
+        transaction.apply();
+
+        ExpectedResult expected;
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::PRESENTED, bufferLayer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::ACQUIRED,
+                            (i == 0) ? ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::NOT_RELEASED
+                                     : ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::RELEASED);
+        expected.addSurface(ExpectedResult::Transaction::PRESENTED, emptyBufferLayer,
+                            ExpectedResult::Buffer::NOT_ACQUIRED,
+                            ExpectedResult::PreviousBuffer::NOT_RELEASED);
+
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected));
+    }
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(callback.verifyFinalState());
+}
+
+// b202394221
+TEST_F(LayerCallbackTest, DISABLED_NonBufferLayerStateChanges) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createColorLayer("ColorLayer", Color::RED));
+
+    Transaction transaction;
+    CallbackHelper callback;
+    int err = fillTransaction(transaction, &callback);
+    if (err) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "test not supported";
+        return;
+    }
+    transaction.setPosition(layer, 1, 2);
+    transaction.apply();
+
+    ExpectedResult expected;
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCallback(callback, expected, true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerCallbackTest, CommitCallbackOffscreenLayer) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createBufferStateLayer());
+    sp<SurfaceControl> offscreenLayer =
+            createSurface(mClient, "Offscreen Layer", 0, 0, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                          ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState, layer.get());
+
+    Transaction transaction;
+    CallbackHelper callback;
+    int err = fillTransaction(transaction, &callback, layer, true);
+    err |= fillTransaction(transaction, &callback, offscreenLayer, true);
+    if (err) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "test not supported";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    transaction.reparent(offscreenLayer, nullptr)
+            .addTransactionCommittedCallback(callback.function, callback.getContext());
+    transaction.apply();
+
+    std::unordered_set<sp<SurfaceControl>, SCHash> committedSc;
+    committedSc.insert(layer);
+    committedSc.insert(offscreenLayer);
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForCommitCallback(callback, committedSc));
+}
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
index c8eeac6..0e2bc3d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).setAcquireFence(layer, fence).apply();
+    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer, fence).apply();
 
     status_t status = fence->wait(1000);
     ASSERT_NE(static_cast<status_t>(Fence::Status::Unsignaled), status);
@@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@
 
     sp<Fence> fence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
 
-    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer).setAcquireFence(layer, fence).apply();
+    Transaction().setBuffer(layer, buffer, fence).apply();
 
     auto shot = getScreenCapture();
     shot->expectColor(Rect(0, 0, 32, 32), Color::RED);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h
index 0bc8fe7..6bd7920 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTransactionTest.h
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
     sp<IBinder> mDisplay;
     uint32_t mDisplayWidth;
     uint32_t mDisplayHeight;
-    uint32_t mDisplayLayerStack;
+    ui::LayerStack mDisplayLayerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
     Rect mDisplayRect = Rect::INVALID_RECT;
 
     // leave room for ~256 layers
@@ -294,8 +294,6 @@
         // vsyncs.
         mBufferPostDelay = static_cast<int32_t>(1e6 / mode.refreshRate) * 3;
 
-        mDisplayLayerStack = 0;
-
         mBlackBgSurface =
                 createSurface(mClient, "BaseSurface", 0 /* buffer width */, 0 /* buffer height */,
                               PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
index 25f3bb9..9cb617a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerTypeAndRenderTypeTransaction_test.cpp
@@ -763,7 +763,8 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layer = createLayer("test", 32, 32));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillLayerColor(layer, Color::RED, 32, 32));
 
-    Transaction().setLayerStack(layer, mDisplayLayerStack + 1).apply();
+    const auto layerStack = ui::LayerStack::fromValue(mDisplayLayerStack.id + 1);
+    Transaction().setLayerStack(layer, layerStack).apply();
     {
         SCOPED_TRACE("non-existing layer stack");
         getScreenCapture()->expectColor(mDisplayRect, Color::BLACK);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerUpdate_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerUpdate_test.cpp
index ee4d367..e1a7ecc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerUpdate_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/LayerUpdate_test.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
         TransactionUtils::fillSurfaceRGBA8(mSyncSurfaceControl, 31, 31, 31);
 
         asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) {
-            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
             t.setLayer(mBGSurfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(mBGSurfaceControl);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MirrorLayer_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MirrorLayer_test.cpp
index b7a9271..a921aa8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MirrorLayer_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MirrorLayer_test.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
         mParentLayer = createColorLayer("Parent layer", Color::RED);
         mChildLayer = createColorLayer("Child layer", Color::GREEN, mParentLayer.get());
         asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) {
-            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
             t.setLayer(mParentLayer, INT32_MAX - 2).show(mParentLayer);
             t.setCrop(mChildLayer, Rect(0, 0, 400, 400)).show(mChildLayer);
             t.setPosition(mChildLayer, 50, 50);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MultiDisplayLayerBounds_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MultiDisplayLayerBounds_test.cpp
index 08de01c..1ed6c65 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MultiDisplayLayerBounds_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/MultiDisplayLayerBounds_test.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
         mColorLayer = 0;
     }
 
-    void createDisplay(const ui::Size& layerStackSize, uint32_t layerStack) {
+    void createDisplay(const ui::Size& layerStackSize, ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
         mVirtualDisplay =
                 SurfaceComposerClient::createDisplay(String8("VirtualDisplay"), false /*secure*/);
         asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
         });
     }
 
-    void createColorLayer(uint32_t layerStack) {
+    void createColorLayer(ui::LayerStack layerStack) {
         mColorLayer =
                 createSurface(mClient, "ColorLayer", 0 /* buffer width */, 0 /* buffer height */,
                               PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect);
@@ -90,8 +90,9 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(MultiDisplayLayerBoundsTest, RenderLayerInVirtualDisplay) {
-    createDisplay(mMainDisplayState.layerStackSpaceRect, 1 /* layerStack */);
-    createColorLayer(1 /* layerStack */);
+    constexpr ui::LayerStack kLayerStack{1u};
+    createDisplay(mMainDisplayState.layerStackSpaceRect, kLayerStack);
+    createColorLayer(kLayerStack);
 
     asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) { t.setPosition(mColorLayer, 10, 10); });
 
@@ -113,8 +114,8 @@
 
     // Assumption here is that the new mirrored display has the same layer stack rect as the
     // primary display that it is mirroring.
-    createDisplay(mMainDisplayState.layerStackSpaceRect, 0 /* layerStack */);
-    createColorLayer(0 /* layerStack */);
+    createDisplay(mMainDisplayState.layerStackSpaceRect, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
+    createColorLayer(ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
     asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) { t.setPosition(mColorLayer, 10, 10); });
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/RelativeZ_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/RelativeZ_test.cpp
index fde6e6e..50a4092 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/RelativeZ_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/RelativeZ_test.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
         mForegroundLayer = createColorLayer("Foreground layer", Color::GREEN);
 
         asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) {
-            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
             t.setLayer(mBackgroundLayer, INT32_MAX - 2).show(mBackgroundLayer);
             t.setLayer(mForegroundLayer, INT32_MAX - 1).show(mForegroundLayer);
         });
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp
index 309ab2f..f6b0def 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ReleaseBufferCallback_test.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 public:
     static void function(void* callbackContext, ReleaseCallbackId callbackId,
                          const sp<Fence>& releaseFence,
-                         uint32_t /*currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount*/) {
+                         std::optional<uint32_t> /*currentMaxAcquiredBufferCount*/) {
         if (!callbackContext) {
             FAIL() << "failed to get callback context";
         }
@@ -85,9 +85,7 @@
                              sp<Fence> fence, CallbackHelper& callback, const ReleaseCallbackId& id,
                              ReleaseBufferCallbackHelper& releaseCallback) {
         Transaction t;
-        t.setFrameNumber(layer, id.framenumber);
-        t.setBuffer(layer, buffer, id, releaseCallback.getCallback());
-        t.setAcquireFence(layer, fence);
+        t.setBuffer(layer, buffer, fence, id.framenumber, id, releaseCallback.getCallback());
         t.addTransactionCompletedCallback(callback.function, callback.getContext());
         t.apply();
     }
@@ -302,8 +300,8 @@
     nsecs_t time = systemTime() + std::chrono::nanoseconds(100ms).count();
 
     Transaction t;
-    t.setBuffer(layer, firstBuffer, firstBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
-    t.setAcquireFence(layer, Fence::NO_FENCE);
+    t.setBuffer(layer, firstBuffer, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, firstBufferCallbackId,
+                releaseCallback->getCallback());
     t.addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
                                       transactionCallback.getContext());
     t.setDesiredPresentTime(time);
@@ -318,8 +316,8 @@
     // Dropping frames in transaction queue emits a callback
     sp<GraphicBuffer> secondBuffer = getBuffer();
     ReleaseCallbackId secondBufferCallbackId(secondBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
-    t.setBuffer(layer, secondBuffer, secondBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
-    t.setAcquireFence(layer, Fence::NO_FENCE);
+    t.setBuffer(layer, secondBuffer, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, secondBufferCallbackId,
+                releaseCallback->getCallback());
     t.addTransactionCompletedCallback(transactionCallback.function,
                                       transactionCallback.getContext());
     t.setDesiredPresentTime(time);
@@ -361,10 +359,8 @@
     ReleaseCallbackId secondBufferCallbackId(secondBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
 
     Transaction transaction1;
-    transaction1.setFrameNumber(layer, secondBufferCallbackId.framenumber);
-    transaction1.setBuffer(layer, secondBuffer, secondBufferCallbackId,
-                           releaseCallback->getCallback());
-    transaction1.setAcquireFence(layer, Fence::NO_FENCE);
+    transaction1.setBuffer(layer, secondBuffer, std::nullopt, secondBufferCallbackId.framenumber,
+                           secondBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
     transaction1.addTransactionCompletedCallback(callback1.function, callback1.getContext());
 
     // Set a different TransactionCompletedListener to mimic a second process
@@ -389,4 +385,84 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForReleaseBufferCallback(*releaseCallback, firstBufferCallbackId));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ReleaseBufferCallbackTest, DISABLED_SetBuffer_OverwriteBuffers) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
+    ReleaseBufferCallbackHelper* releaseCallback = getReleaseBufferCallbackHelper();
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> firstBuffer = getBuffer();
+    ReleaseCallbackId firstBufferCallbackId(firstBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
+
+    // Create transaction with a buffer.
+    Transaction transaction;
+    transaction.setBuffer(layer, firstBuffer, std::nullopt, firstBufferCallbackId.framenumber,
+                          firstBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> secondBuffer = getBuffer();
+    ReleaseCallbackId secondBufferCallbackId(secondBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
+
+    // Call setBuffer on the same transaction with a different buffer.
+    transaction.setBuffer(layer, secondBuffer, std::nullopt, secondBufferCallbackId.framenumber,
+                          secondBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForReleaseBufferCallback(*releaseCallback, firstBufferCallbackId));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReleaseBufferCallbackTest, DISABLED_Merge_Transactions_OverwriteBuffers) {
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
+    ReleaseBufferCallbackHelper* releaseCallback = getReleaseBufferCallbackHelper();
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> firstBuffer = getBuffer();
+    ReleaseCallbackId firstBufferCallbackId(firstBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
+
+    // Create transaction with a buffer.
+    Transaction transaction1;
+    transaction1.setBuffer(layer, firstBuffer, std::nullopt, firstBufferCallbackId.framenumber,
+                           firstBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> secondBuffer = getBuffer();
+    ReleaseCallbackId secondBufferCallbackId(secondBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
+
+    // Create a second transaction with a new buffer for the same layer.
+    Transaction transaction2;
+    transaction2.setBuffer(layer, secondBuffer, std::nullopt, secondBufferCallbackId.framenumber,
+                           secondBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
+
+    // merge transaction1 into transaction2 so ensure we get a proper buffer release callback.
+    transaction1.merge(std::move(transaction2));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForReleaseBufferCallback(*releaseCallback, firstBufferCallbackId));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReleaseBufferCallbackTest, DISABLED_MergeBuffers_Different_Processes) {
+    sp<TransactionCompletedListener> firstCompletedListener = new TransactionCompletedListener();
+    sp<TransactionCompletedListener> secondCompletedListener = new TransactionCompletedListener();
+
+    TransactionCompletedListener::setInstance(firstCompletedListener);
+
+    sp<SurfaceControl> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
+    ReleaseBufferCallbackHelper* releaseCallback = getReleaseBufferCallbackHelper();
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> firstBuffer = getBuffer();
+    ReleaseCallbackId firstBufferCallbackId(firstBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
+
+    Transaction transaction1;
+    transaction1.setBuffer(layer, firstBuffer, std::nullopt, firstBufferCallbackId.framenumber,
+                           firstBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
+
+    // Sent a second buffer to allow the first buffer to get released.
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> secondBuffer = getBuffer();
+    ReleaseCallbackId secondBufferCallbackId(secondBuffer->getId(), generateFrameNumber());
+
+    Transaction transaction2;
+    transaction2.setBuffer(layer, secondBuffer, std::nullopt, secondBufferCallbackId.framenumber,
+                           secondBufferCallbackId, releaseCallback->getCallback());
+
+    // Set a different TransactionCompletedListener to mimic a second process
+    TransactionCompletedListener::setInstance(secondCompletedListener);
+    Transaction().merge(std::move(transaction1)).merge(std::move(transaction2)).apply();
+
+    // Make sure we can still get the release callback even though the merge happened in a different
+    // process.
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForReleaseBufferCallback(*releaseCallback, firstBufferCallbackId));
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ScreenCapture_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ScreenCapture_test.cpp
index 2d5b502..f9b3185 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ScreenCapture_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/ScreenCapture_test.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
         TransactionUtils::fillSurfaceRGBA8(mFGSurfaceControl, 195, 63, 63);
 
         asTransaction([&](Transaction& t) {
-            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+            t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
             t.setLayer(mBGSurfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(mBGSurfaceControl);
 
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
     Transaction()
             .show(redLayer)
             .show(secureLayer)
-            .setLayerStack(redLayer, 0)
+            .setLayerStack(redLayer, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .setLayer(redLayer, INT32_MAX)
             .apply();
 
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
     Transaction()
             .show(layer)
             .hide(mFGSurfaceControl)
-            .setLayerStack(layer, 0)
+            .setLayerStack(layer, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .setLayer(layer, INT32_MAX)
             .setColor(layer, {layerColor.r / 255, layerColor.g / 255, layerColor.b / 255})
             .setCrop(layer, bounds)
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@
             .show(layer)
             .show(childLayer)
             .hide(mFGSurfaceControl)
-            .setLayerStack(layer, 0)
+            .setLayerStack(layer, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .setLayer(layer, INT32_MAX)
             .setColor(layer, {layerColor.r / 255, layerColor.g / 255, layerColor.b / 255})
             .setColor(childLayer, {childColor.r / 255, childColor.g / 255, childColor.b / 255})
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
index a424059..28e8b8c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/SurfaceInterceptor_test.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <frameworks/native/cmds/surfacereplayer/proto/src/trace.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -56,10 +57,7 @@
 const String8 DISPLAY_NAME("SurfaceInterceptor Display Test");
 constexpr auto TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME = "BG Interceptor Test Surface";
 constexpr auto TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME = "FG Interceptor Test Surface";
-constexpr auto UNIQUE_TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME = "BG Interceptor Test Surface#0";
-constexpr auto UNIQUE_TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME = "FG Interceptor Test Surface#0";
 constexpr auto LAYER_NAME = "Layer Create and Delete Test";
-constexpr auto UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME = "Layer Create and Delete Test#0";
 
 constexpr auto DEFAULT_FILENAME = "/data/misc/wmtrace/transaction_trace.winscope";
 
@@ -105,11 +103,15 @@
     system("service call SurfaceFlinger 1020 i32 0 > /dev/null");
 }
 
+std::string getUniqueName(const std::string& name, const Increment& increment) {
+    return base::StringPrintf("%s#%d", name.c_str(), increment.surface_creation().id());
+}
+
 int32_t getSurfaceId(const Trace& capturedTrace, const std::string& surfaceName) {
     int32_t layerId = 0;
     for (const auto& increment : capturedTrace.increment()) {
         if (increment.increment_case() == increment.kSurfaceCreation) {
-            if (increment.surface_creation().name() == surfaceName) {
+            if (increment.surface_creation().name() == getUniqueName(surfaceName, increment)) {
                 layerId = increment.surface_creation().id();
             }
         }
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFGSurfaceControl->isValid());
 
     Transaction t;
-    t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+    t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
               t.setLayer(mBGSurfaceControl, INT_MAX - 3)
                       .show(mBGSurfaceControl)
@@ -293,8 +295,8 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::preProcessTrace(const Trace& trace) {
-    mBGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME);
-    mFGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME);
+    mBGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, TEST_BG_SURFACE_NAME);
+    mFGLayerId = getSurfaceId(trace, TEST_FG_SURFACE_NAME);
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::captureTest(TestTransactionAction action,
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::layerStackUpdate(Transaction& t) {
-    t.setLayerStack(mBGSurfaceControl, STACK_UPDATE);
+    t.setLayerStack(mBGSurfaceControl, ui::LayerStack::fromValue(STACK_UPDATE));
 }
 
 void SurfaceInterceptorTest::hiddenFlagUpdate(Transaction& t) {
@@ -752,9 +754,7 @@
 }
 
 bool SurfaceInterceptorTest::surfaceCreationFound(const Increment& increment, bool foundSurface) {
-    bool isMatch(increment.surface_creation().name() == UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME &&
-            increment.surface_creation().w() == SIZE_UPDATE &&
-            increment.surface_creation().h() == SIZE_UPDATE);
+    bool isMatch(increment.surface_creation().name() == getUniqueName(LAYER_NAME, increment));
     if (isMatch && !foundSurface) {
         foundSurface = true;
     } else if (isMatch && foundSurface) {
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@
                     break;
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kSurfaceDeletion:
                     // Find the id of created surface.
-                    targetId = getSurfaceId(trace, UNIQUE_LAYER_NAME);
+                    targetId = getSurfaceId(trace, LAYER_NAME);
                     foundIncrement = surfaceDeletionFound(increment, targetId, foundIncrement);
                     break;
                 case Increment::IncrementCase::kDisplayCreation:
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h
index 89f6086..60cffb1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/TransactionTestHarnesses.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 
                 SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
                 t.setDisplaySurface(vDisplay, producer);
-                t.setDisplayLayerStack(vDisplay, 0);
+                t.setDisplayLayerStack(vDisplay, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
                 t.setDisplayProjection(vDisplay, displayState.orientation,
                                        Rect(displayState.layerStackSpaceRect), Rect(resolution));
                 t.apply();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp
index 15b79be..bb52245 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/WindowInfosListener_test.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 using Transaction = SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction;
+using gui::DisplayInfo;
 using gui::WindowInfo;
 
 class WindowInfosListenerTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@
 
     struct SyncWindowInfosListener : public gui::WindowInfosListener {
     public:
-        void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos) override {
+        void onWindowInfosChanged(const std::vector<WindowInfo>& windowInfos,
+                                  const std::vector<DisplayInfo>&) override {
             windowInfosPromise.set_value(windowInfos);
         }
 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@
                                    ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState);
 
     Transaction()
-            .setLayerStack(surfaceControl, 0)
+            .setLayerStack(surfaceControl, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .show(surfaceControl)
             .setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 1)
             .setInputWindowInfo(surfaceControl, windowInfo)
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@
                                    ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceBufferState);
     const Rect crop(0, 0, 100, 100);
     Transaction()
-            .setLayerStack(surfaceControl, 0)
+            .setLayerStack(surfaceControl, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
             .show(surfaceControl)
             .setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 1)
             .setCrop(surfaceControl, crop)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
index 2551a19..168b576 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/Android.bp
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
     defaults: ["surfaceflinger_defaults"],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     srcs: [
-         "FakeComposerClient.cpp",
-         "FakeComposerService.cpp",
-         "FakeComposerUtils.cpp",
-         "SFFakeHwc_test.cpp"
+        "FakeComposerClient.cpp",
+        "FakeComposerService.cpp",
+        "FakeComposerUtils.cpp",
+        "SFFakeHwc_test.cpp",
     ],
     require_root: true,
     shared_libs: [
@@ -23,12 +23,14 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libfmq",
         "libgui",
@@ -43,15 +45,18 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-resources",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libcompositionengine",
         "libgmock",
         "libperfetto_client_experimental",
         "librenderengine",
         "libtrace_proto",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-hal",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
         "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/SFFakeHwc_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/SFFakeHwc_test.cpp
index 162711d..b3b4ec1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/SFFakeHwc_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/fakehwc/SFFakeHwc_test.cpp
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
     }
 
     bool waitForHotplugEvent(Display displayId, bool connected) {
-        return waitForHotplugEvent(PhysicalDisplayId(displayId), connected);
+        return waitForHotplugEvent(physicalIdFromHwcDisplayId(displayId), connected);
     }
 
     bool waitForHotplugEvent(PhysicalDisplayId displayId, bool connected) {
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
     }
 
     bool waitForModeChangedEvent(Display display, int32_t modeId) {
-        PhysicalDisplayId displayId(display);
+        PhysicalDisplayId displayId = physicalIdFromHwcDisplayId(display);
         int waitCount = 20;
         while (waitCount--) {
             while (!mReceivedDisplayEvents.empty()) {
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
 
             {
                 TransactionScope ts(*mFakeComposerClient);
-                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+                ts.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
                 ts.setLayer(surfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2).show(surfaceControl);
             }
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@
         fillSurfaceRGBA8(mFGSurfaceControl, RED);
 
         Transaction t;
-        t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, 0);
+        t.setDisplayLayerStack(display, ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
 
         t.setLayer(mBGSurfaceControl, INT32_MAX - 2);
         t.show(mBGSurfaceControl);
@@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@
         ALOGD("TransactionTest::SetLayerStack");
         {
             TransactionScope ts(*sFakeComposer);
-            ts.setLayerStack(mFGSurfaceControl, 1);
+            ts.setLayerStack(mFGSurfaceControl, ui::LayerStack{1});
         }
 
         // Foreground layer should have disappeared.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 9e704c3..5568418 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "libsurfaceflinger_unittest",
-    defaults: ["surfaceflinger_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "skia_renderengine_deps",
+        "surfaceflinger_defaults",
+    ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     sanitize: {
         // Using the address sanitizer not only helps uncover issues in the code
@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@
         "DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp",
         "DisplayDevice_SetProjectionTest.cpp",
         "EventThreadTest.cpp",
+        "FlagManagerTest.cpp",
         "FpsReporterTest.cpp",
         "FpsTest.cpp",
         "FramebufferSurfaceTest.cpp",
@@ -67,10 +71,11 @@
         "MessageQueueTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_DisplayTransactionCommitTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayNativePrimariesTest.cpp",
-        "SurfaceFlinger_HandleTransactionLockedTest.cpp",
-        "SurfaceFlinger_NotifyPowerBoostTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_NotifyPowerBoostTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_SetDisplayStateTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp",
@@ -87,7 +92,9 @@
         "TimerTest.cpp",
         "TransactionApplicationTest.cpp",
         "TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp",
+        "TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp",
         "TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp",
+        "TransactionTracingTest.cpp",
         "TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp",
         "StrongTypingTest.cpp",
         "VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp",
@@ -102,7 +109,6 @@
         "mock/MockEventThread.cpp",
         "mock/MockFrameTimeline.cpp",
         "mock/MockFrameTracer.cpp",
-        "mock/MockMessageQueue.cpp",
         "mock/MockNativeWindowSurface.cpp",
         "mock/MockSurfaceInterceptor.cpp",
         "mock/MockTimeStats.cpp",
@@ -111,15 +117,20 @@
         "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.power@1.0",
         "android.hardware.power@1.1",
         "android.hardware.power@1.2",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3",
-        "android.hardware.power-V1-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.power-V2-cpp",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libcompositionengine_mocks",
         "libcompositionengine",
         "libframetimeline",
@@ -127,12 +138,14 @@
         "libgui_mocks",
         "liblayers_proto",
         "libperfetto_client_experimental",
-        "librenderengine_mocks",
         "librenderengine",
+        "librenderengine_mocks",
+        "libscheduler",
         "libserviceutils",
         "libtimestats",
         "libtimestats_atoms_proto",
         "libtimestats_proto",
+        "libtonemap",
         "libtrace_proto",
         "perfetto_trace_protos",
     ],
@@ -145,6 +158,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libEGL",
         "libfmq",
@@ -161,12 +175,14 @@
         "libsync",
         "libui",
         "libutils",
+        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
         "libsurfaceflinger_headers",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CachingTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CachingTest.cpp
index 6a7ec9b..6f85498 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CachingTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CachingTest.cpp
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
-
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "CachingTest"
 
@@ -42,7 +37,7 @@
     sp<IBinder> binder = new BBinder();
     // test getting invalid client_cache_id
     client_cache_t id;
-    uint32_t slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
+    int slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
     EXPECT_EQ(BufferQueue::INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT, slot);
 }
 
@@ -51,7 +46,7 @@
     client_cache_t id;
     id.token = binder;
     id.id = 0;
-    uint32_t slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
+    int slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
     EXPECT_EQ(BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS - 1, slot);
 
     client_cache_t idB;
@@ -72,31 +67,28 @@
     std::vector<client_cache_t> ids;
     uint32_t cacheId = 0;
     // fill up cache
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
         client_cache_t id;
         id.token = binder;
         id.id = cacheId;
         ids.push_back(id);
 
-        uint32_t slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
+        int slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
         EXPECT_EQ(BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS - (i + 1), slot);
         cacheId++;
     }
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
-        uint32_t slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(ids[i]);
+    for (int i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
+        int slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(ids[static_cast<uint32_t>(i)]);
         EXPECT_EQ(BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS - (i + 1), slot);
     }
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
         client_cache_t id;
         id.token = binder;
         id.id = cacheId;
-        uint32_t slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
+        int slot = mHwcSlotGenerator->getHwcCacheSlot(id);
         EXPECT_EQ(BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS - (i + 1), slot);
         cacheId++;
     }
 }
 } // namespace android
-
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion -Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 52a36a2..f1e6e48 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
-#include "mock/MockMessageQueue.h"
 #include "mock/MockTimeStats.h"
 #include "mock/MockVsyncController.h"
 #include "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.h"
@@ -77,12 +76,12 @@
 constexpr hal::HWLayerId HWC_LAYER = 5000;
 constexpr Transform DEFAULT_TRANSFORM = static_cast<Transform>(0);
 
-constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID(42);
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(42u);
 constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 1920;
 constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 1024;
 
 constexpr int DEFAULT_TEXTURE_ID = 6000;
-constexpr int DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK = 7000;
+constexpr ui::LayerStack LAYER_STACK{7000u};
 
 constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE = 500;
 
@@ -95,7 +94,6 @@
                 ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
         ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
-        mFlinger.mutableEventQueue().reset(mMessageQueue);
         setupScheduler();
 
         EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, query(NATIVE_WINDOW_WIDTH, _))
@@ -140,14 +138,11 @@
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD));
         EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
 
-        constexpr ISchedulerCallback* kCallback = nullptr;
+        constexpr scheduler::ISchedulerCallback* kCallback = nullptr;
         constexpr bool kHasMultipleConfigs = true;
         mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker),
                                 std::move(eventThread), std::move(sfEventThread), kCallback,
                                 kHasMultipleConfigs);
-
-        // Layer history should be created if there are multiple configs.
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.scheduler()->hasLayerHistory());
     }
 
     void setupForceGeometryDirty() {
@@ -157,7 +152,7 @@
         // pain)
         // mFlinger.mutableVisibleRegionsDirty() = true;
 
-        mFlinger.mutableGeometryInvalid() = true;
+        mFlinger.mutableGeometryDirty() = true;
     }
 
     template <typename Case>
@@ -186,7 +181,6 @@
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
     renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
     mock::TimeStats* mTimeStats = new mock::TimeStats();
-    mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
     Hwc2::mock::PowerAdvisor mPowerAdvisor;
 
     sp<Fence> mClientTargetAcquireFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
@@ -202,8 +196,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE);
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::REFRESH);
+    mFlinger.commitAndComposite();
 
     LayerCase::cleanup(this);
 }
@@ -215,8 +208,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE);
-    mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::REFRESH);
+    mFlinger.commitAndComposite();
 
     LayerCase::cleanup(this);
 }
@@ -247,14 +239,28 @@
                                                              "screenshot"),
                                            *mRenderEngine, true);
 
-    status_t result =
-            mFlinger.renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer,
-                                            forSystem, regionSampling);
-    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, result);
+    auto result = mFlinger.renderScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer,
+                                                  forSystem, regionSampling);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.valid());
+
+    auto& [status, drawFence] = result.get();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
+    if (drawFence.ok()) {
+        sync_wait(drawFence.get(), -1);
+    }
 
     LayerCase::cleanup(this);
 }
 
+template <class T>
+std::future<T> futureOf(T obj) {
+    std::promise<T> resultPromise;
+    std::future<T> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    resultPromise.set_value(std::move(obj));
+    return resultFuture;
+}
+
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Variants for each display configuration which can be tested
  */
@@ -287,10 +293,8 @@
 
         auto ceDisplayArgs = compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
                                      .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
-                                     .setConnectionType(ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal)
                                      .setPixels({DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT})
                                      .setIsSecure(Derived::IS_SECURE)
-                                     .setLayerStackId(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK)
                                      .setPowerAdvisor(&test->mPowerAdvisor)
                                      .setName(std::string("Injected display for ") +
                                               test_info->test_case_name() + "." + test_info->name())
@@ -309,7 +313,7 @@
                                  .setPowerMode(Derived::INIT_POWER_MODE)
                                  .inject();
         Mock::VerifyAndClear(test->mNativeWindow);
-        test->mDisplay->setLayerStack(DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK);
+        test->mDisplay->setLayerStack(LAYER_STACK);
     }
 
     template <typename Case>
@@ -339,16 +343,18 @@
     template <typename Case>
     static void setupCommonScreensCaptureCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
-                .WillRepeatedly([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                                   const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
-                                   const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                   const bool, base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                                    const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                                    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
+                                    const bool, base::unique_fd&&)
+                                        -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.clip);
-                    return NO_ERROR;
+                    return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                            {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
                 });
     }
 
@@ -364,7 +370,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mComposer, presentOrValidateDisplay(HWC_DISPLAY, _, _, _, _)).Times(1);
 
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mDisplaySurface,
-                    prepareFrame(compositionengine::DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_HWC))
+                    prepareFrame(compositionengine::DisplaySurface::CompositionType::Hwc))
                 .Times(1);
     }
 
@@ -378,7 +384,7 @@
 
     static void setupRECompositionCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mDisplaySurface,
-                    prepareFrame(compositionengine::DisplaySurface::COMPOSITION_GPU))
+                    prepareFrame(compositionengine::DisplaySurface::CompositionType::Gpu))
                 .Times(1);
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mDisplaySurface, getClientTargetAcquireFence())
                 .WillRepeatedly(ReturnRef(test->mClientTargetAcquireFence));
@@ -388,17 +394,19 @@
                 .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(test->mNativeWindowBuffer), SetArgPointee<1>(-1),
                                 Return(0)));
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
-                .WillRepeatedly([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                                   const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
-                                   const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
-                                   const bool, base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                .WillRepeatedly([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                                    const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>&,
+                                    const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&,
+                                    const bool, base::unique_fd&&)
+                                        -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.clip);
                     EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, displaySettings.outputDataspace);
-                    return NO_ERROR;
+                    return futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                            {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
                 });
     }
 
@@ -521,15 +529,16 @@
 
     static void setupLatchedBuffer(CompositionTest* test, sp<BufferQueueLayer> layer) {
         // TODO: Eliminate the complexity of actually creating a buffer
+        layer->setSizeForTest(LayerProperties::WIDTH, LayerProperties::HEIGHT);
         status_t err =
                 layer->setDefaultBufferProperties(LayerProperties::WIDTH, LayerProperties::HEIGHT,
                                                   LayerProperties::FORMAT);
         ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, err);
         Mock::VerifyAndClear(test->mRenderEngine);
 
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
         enqueueBuffer(test, layer);
-        Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(test->mMessageQueue);
+        Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(test->mFlinger.scheduler());
 
         bool ignoredRecomputeVisibleRegions;
         layer->latchBuffer(ignoredRecomputeVisibleRegions, 0, 0);
@@ -622,10 +631,10 @@
 
     static void setupREBufferCompositionCommonCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
-                .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                             const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                             base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                .WillOnce([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                              const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layerSettings,
+                              const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                              base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -633,23 +642,26 @@
                               displaySettings.clip);
                     // screen capture adds an additional color layer as an alpha
                     // prefill, so gtet the back layer.
+                    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> resultFuture =
+                            futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                                    {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
                     if (layerSettings.empty()) {
                         ADD_FAILURE() << "layerSettings was not expected to be empty in "
                                          "setupREBufferCompositionCommonCallExpectations "
                                          "verification lambda";
-                        return NO_ERROR;
+                        return resultFuture;
                     }
-                    const renderengine::LayerSettings* layer = layerSettings.back();
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.buffer, Not(IsNull()));
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.fence, Not(IsNull()));
-                    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_TEXTURE_ID, layer->source.buffer.textureName);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer->source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(true, layer->source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer->source.buffer.isOpaque);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer->sourceDataspace);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer->alpha);
-                    return NO_ERROR;
+                    const renderengine::LayerSettings layer = layerSettings.back();
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.buffer, Not(IsNull()));
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.fence, Not(IsNull()));
+                    EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_TEXTURE_ID, layer.source.buffer.textureName);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer.source.buffer.isY410BT2020);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(true, layer.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(false, layer.source.buffer.isOpaque);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer.sourceDataspace);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer.alpha);
+                    return resultFuture;
                 });
     }
 
@@ -671,10 +683,10 @@
 
     static void setupREColorCompositionCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
-                .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                             const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                             base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                .WillOnce([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                              const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layerSettings,
+                              const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                              base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -682,21 +694,24 @@
                               displaySettings.clip);
                     // screen capture adds an additional color layer as an alpha
                     // prefill, so get the back layer.
+                    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> resultFuture =
+                            futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                                    {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
                     if (layerSettings.empty()) {
                         ADD_FAILURE()
                                 << "layerSettings was not expected to be empty in "
                                    "setupREColorCompositionCallExpectations verification lambda";
-                        return NO_ERROR;
+                        return resultFuture;
                     }
-                    const renderengine::LayerSettings* layer = layerSettings.back();
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
+                    const renderengine::LayerSettings layer = layerSettings.back();
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
                     EXPECT_EQ(half3(LayerProperties::COLOR[0], LayerProperties::COLOR[1],
                                     LayerProperties::COLOR[2]),
-                              layer->source.solidColor);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer->sourceDataspace);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer->alpha);
-                    return NO_ERROR;
+                              layer.source.solidColor);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer.sourceDataspace);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(LayerProperties::COLOR[3], layer.alpha);
+                    return resultFuture;
                 });
     }
 
@@ -748,10 +763,10 @@
 
     static void setupInsecureREBufferCompositionCommonCallExpectations(CompositionTest* test) {
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
-                .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
-                             const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
-                             base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
+                .WillOnce([&](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
+                              const std::vector<renderengine::LayerSettings>& layerSettings,
+                              const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>&, const bool,
+                              base::unique_fd&&) -> std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
                               displaySettings.physicalDisplay);
@@ -759,19 +774,22 @@
                               displaySettings.clip);
                     // screen capture adds an additional color layer as an alpha
                     // prefill, so get the back layer.
+                    std::future<renderengine::RenderEngineResult> resultFuture =
+                            futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>(
+                                    {NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()});
                     if (layerSettings.empty()) {
                         ADD_FAILURE() << "layerSettings was not expected to be empty in "
                                          "setupInsecureREBufferCompositionCommonCallExpectations "
                                          "verification lambda";
-                        return NO_ERROR;
+                        return resultFuture;
                     }
-                    const renderengine::LayerSettings* layer = layerSettings.back();
-                    EXPECT_THAT(layer->source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
-                    EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), layer->source.solidColor);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer->geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer->sourceDataspace);
-                    EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, layer->alpha);
-                    return NO_ERROR;
+                    const renderengine::LayerSettings layer = layerSettings.back();
+                    EXPECT_THAT(layer.source.buffer.buffer, IsNull());
+                    EXPECT_EQ(half3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), layer.source.solidColor);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(0.0, layer.geometry.roundedCornersRadius);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(ui::Dataspace::UNKNOWN, layer.sourceDataspace);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, layer.alpha);
+                    return resultFuture;
                 });
     }
 
@@ -815,16 +833,16 @@
 struct BaseLayerVariant {
     template <typename L, typename F>
     static sp<L> createLayerWithFactory(CompositionTest* test, F factory) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, postMessage(_)).Times(0);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mFlinger.scheduler(), postMessage(_)).Times(0);
 
         sp<L> layer = factory();
 
         // Layer should be registered with scheduler.
-        EXPECT_EQ(1, test->mFlinger.scheduler()->layerHistorySize());
+        EXPECT_EQ(1u, test->mFlinger.scheduler()->layerHistorySize());
 
         Mock::VerifyAndClear(test->mComposer);
         Mock::VerifyAndClear(test->mRenderEngine);
-        Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(test->mMessageQueue);
+        Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(test->mFlinger.scheduler());
 
         initLayerDrawingStateAndComputeBounds(test, layer);
 
@@ -834,7 +852,7 @@
     template <typename L>
     static void initLayerDrawingStateAndComputeBounds(CompositionTest* test, sp<L> layer) {
         auto& layerDrawingState = test->mFlinger.mutableLayerDrawingState(layer);
-        layerDrawingState.layerStack = DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
+        layerDrawingState.layerStack = LAYER_STACK;
         layerDrawingState.width = 100;
         layerDrawingState.height = 100;
         layerDrawingState.color = half4(LayerProperties::COLOR[0], LayerProperties::COLOR[1],
@@ -864,8 +882,8 @@
         test->mFlinger.mutableDrawingState().layersSortedByZ.clear();
 
         // Layer should be unregistered with scheduler.
-        test->mFlinger.onMessageReceived(MessageQueue::INVALIDATE);
-        EXPECT_EQ(0, test->mFlinger.scheduler()->layerHistorySize());
+        test->mFlinger.commit();
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, test->mFlinger.scheduler()->layerHistorySize());
     }
 };
 
@@ -878,7 +896,6 @@
         FlingerLayerType layer = Base::template createLayerWithFactory<EffectLayer>(test, [test]() {
             return new EffectLayer(
                     LayerCreationArgs(test->mFlinger.flinger(), sp<Client>(), "test-layer",
-                                      LayerProperties::WIDTH, LayerProperties::HEIGHT,
                                       LayerProperties::LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata()));
         });
 
@@ -917,7 +934,6 @@
         FlingerLayerType layer =
                 Base::template createLayerWithFactory<BufferQueueLayer>(test, [test]() {
                     LayerCreationArgs args(test->mFlinger.flinger(), sp<Client>(), "test-layer",
-                                           LayerProperties::WIDTH, LayerProperties::HEIGHT,
                                            LayerProperties::LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata());
                     args.textureName = test->mFlinger.mutableTexturePool().back();
                     return new BufferQueueLayer(args);
@@ -929,7 +945,6 @@
     }
 
     static void cleanupInjectedLayers(CompositionTest* test) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, postMessage(_)).Times(1);
         Base::cleanupInjectedLayers(test);
     }
 
@@ -967,7 +982,6 @@
 
     static FlingerLayerType createLayer(CompositionTest* test) {
         LayerCreationArgs args(test->mFlinger.flinger(), sp<Client>(), "test-container-layer",
-                               LayerProperties::WIDTH, LayerProperties::HEIGHT,
                                LayerProperties::LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata());
         FlingerLayerType layer = new ContainerLayer(args);
         Base::template initLayerDrawingStateAndComputeBounds(test, layer);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp
index d4cfbbb..5a0033e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_InitiateModeChange.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 class InitiateModeChangeTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
 public:
-    using Event = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent;
+    using Event = scheduler::DisplayModeEvent;
 
     void SetUp() override {
         injectFakeBufferQueueFactory();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetProjectionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetProjectionTest.cpp
index 9fe30f8..3d24ecb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetProjectionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayDevice_SetProjectionTest.cpp
@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform(TRANSFORM_FLAGS_ROT_0, mHardwareDisplaySize.width,
                                 mHardwareDisplaySize.height),
                   compositionState.transform);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, compositionState.displaySpace.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.displaySpace.content);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.layerStackSpace.content);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, compositionState.displaySpace.getOrientation());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.displaySpace.getContent());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.layerStackSpace.getContent());
         EXPECT_EQ(false, compositionState.needsFiltering);
     }
 
@@ -96,13 +96,14 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform(TRANSFORM_FLAGS_ROT_90, mHardwareDisplaySize.width,
                                 mHardwareDisplaySize.height),
                   compositionState.transform);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_90, compositionState.displaySpace.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.displaySpace.content);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_90, compositionState.displaySpace.getOrientation());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.displaySpace.getContent());
         // For 90, the orientedDisplaySpaceRect and layerStackSpaceRect have the hardware display
         // size width and height swapped
         EXPECT_EQ(Rect(swapWH(mHardwareDisplaySize)),
-                  compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(swapWH(mHardwareDisplaySize)), compositionState.layerStackSpace.content);
+                  compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(swapWH(mHardwareDisplaySize)),
+                  compositionState.layerStackSpace.getContent());
         EXPECT_EQ(false, compositionState.needsFiltering);
     }
 
@@ -111,9 +112,9 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform(TRANSFORM_FLAGS_ROT_180, mHardwareDisplaySize.width,
                                 mHardwareDisplaySize.height),
                   compositionState.transform);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_180, compositionState.displaySpace.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.layerStackSpace.content);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_180, compositionState.displaySpace.getOrientation());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.layerStackSpace.getContent());
         EXPECT_EQ(false, compositionState.needsFiltering);
     }
 
@@ -122,13 +123,14 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(ui::Transform(TRANSFORM_FLAGS_ROT_270, mHardwareDisplaySize.width,
                                 mHardwareDisplaySize.height),
                   compositionState.transform);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_270, compositionState.displaySpace.orientation);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.displaySpace.content);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_270, compositionState.displaySpace.getOrientation());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(mHardwareDisplaySize), compositionState.displaySpace.getContent());
         // For 270, the orientedDisplaySpaceRect and layerStackSpaceRect have the hardware display
         // size width and height swapped
         EXPECT_EQ(Rect(swapWH(mHardwareDisplaySize)),
-                  compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.content);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(swapWH(mHardwareDisplaySize)), compositionState.layerStackSpace.content);
+                  compositionState.orientedDisplaySpace.getContent());
+        EXPECT_EQ(Rect(swapWH(mHardwareDisplaySize)),
+                  compositionState.layerStackSpace.getContent());
         EXPECT_EQ(false, compositionState.needsFiltering);
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index cc24323..b1f704a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 
     // Default to no wide color display support configured
     mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = false;
-    mFlinger.mutableUseColorManagement() = false;
     mFlinger.mutableDisplayColorSetting() = DisplayColorSetting::kUnmanaged;
 
     mFlinger.setCreateBufferQueueFunction([](auto, auto, auto) {
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@
     });
 
     injectMockScheduler();
-    mFlinger.mutableEventQueue().reset(mMessageQueue);
     mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
     mFlinger.mutableInterceptor() = mSurfaceInterceptor;
 
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@
 
 sp<DisplayDevice> DisplayTransactionTest::injectDefaultInternalDisplay(
         std::function<void(FakeDisplayDeviceInjector&)> injectExtra) {
-    constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID(777);
+    constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(255u);
     constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 1080;
     constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 1920;
     constexpr HWDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 0;
@@ -139,20 +137,18 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, perform(NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_USAGE64));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, perform(NATIVE_WINDOW_API_DISCONNECT)).Times(AnyNumber());
 
-    constexpr auto kConnectionType = ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal;
-    constexpr bool kIsPrimary = true;
-
     auto compositionDisplay =
             compositionengine::impl::createDisplay(mFlinger.getCompositionEngine(),
                                                    compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
                                                            .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
-                                                           .setConnectionType(kConnectionType)
                                                            .setPixels({DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH,
                                                                        DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT})
                                                            .setPowerAdvisor(&mPowerAdvisor)
                                                            .build());
 
-    auto injector = FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(mFlinger, compositionDisplay, kConnectionType,
+    constexpr bool kIsPrimary = true;
+    auto injector = FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(mFlinger, compositionDisplay,
+                                              ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal,
                                               DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID, kIsPrimary);
 
     injector.setNativeWindow(mNativeWindow);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
index de058a4..0a3437a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
-#include "mock/MockMessageQueue.h"
 #include "mock/MockNativeWindowSurface.h"
 #include "mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h"
 #include "mock/MockSurfaceInterceptor.h"
@@ -118,12 +117,11 @@
     // to keep a reference to them for use in setting up call expectations.
     renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
-    mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
     sp<mock::SurfaceInterceptor> mSurfaceInterceptor = new mock::SurfaceInterceptor;
 
     mock::VsyncController* mVsyncController = new mock::VsyncController;
     mock::VSyncTracker* mVSyncTracker = new mock::VSyncTracker;
-    mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
+    scheduler::mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
     mock::EventThread* mEventThread = new mock::EventThread;
     mock::EventThread* mSFEventThread = new mock::EventThread;
 
@@ -233,7 +231,7 @@
 //     2) HalVirtualDisplayIdType<...> for hard-coded ID of virtual display backed by HWC.
 //     3) GpuVirtualDisplayIdType for virtual display without HWC backing.
 template <typename DisplayIdType, int width, int height, Critical critical, Async async,
-          Secure secure, Primary primary, int grallocUsage>
+          Secure secure, Primary primary, int grallocUsage, int displayFlags>
 struct DisplayVariant {
     using DISPLAY_ID = DisplayIdGetter<DisplayIdType>;
     using CONNECTION_TYPE = DisplayConnectionTypeGetter<DisplayIdType>;
@@ -261,17 +259,14 @@
     // Whether the display is primary
     static constexpr Primary PRIMARY = primary;
 
+    static constexpr int DISPLAY_FLAGS = displayFlags;
+
     static auto makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
         auto ceDisplayArgs = compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgsBuilder();
         ceDisplayArgs.setId(DISPLAY_ID::get())
                 .setPixels({WIDTH, HEIGHT})
                 .setPowerAdvisor(&test->mPowerAdvisor);
 
-        const auto connectionType = CONNECTION_TYPE::value;
-        if (connectionType) {
-            ceDisplayArgs.setConnectionType(*connectionType);
-        }
-
         auto compositionDisplay =
                 compositionengine::impl::createDisplay(test->mFlinger.getCompositionEngine(),
                                                        ceDisplayArgs.build());
@@ -279,7 +274,7 @@
         auto injector =
                 TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(test->mFlinger,
                                                                   compositionDisplay,
-                                                                  connectionType,
+                                                                  CONNECTION_TYPE::value,
                                                                   HWC_DISPLAY_ID_OPT::value,
                                                                   static_cast<bool>(PRIMARY));
 
@@ -388,7 +383,6 @@
 
         auto ceDisplayArgs = compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
                                      .setId(DisplayVariant::DISPLAY_ID::get())
-                                     .setConnectionType(PhysicalDisplay::CONNECTION_TYPE)
                                      .setPixels({DisplayVariant::WIDTH, DisplayVariant::HEIGHT})
                                      .setIsSecure(static_cast<bool>(DisplayVariant::SECURE))
                                      .setPowerAdvisor(&test->mPowerAdvisor)
@@ -475,16 +469,19 @@
 constexpr uint32_t GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY =
         GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB;
 
+constexpr int PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS = 0x1;
+
 template <typename PhysicalDisplay, int width, int height, Critical critical>
 struct PhysicalDisplayVariant
       : DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayIdType<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height, critical,
                        Async::FALSE, Secure::TRUE, PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY,
-                       GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY>,
-        HwcDisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplay::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, DisplayType::PHYSICAL,
-                          DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayIdType<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height,
-                                         critical, Async::FALSE, Secure::TRUE,
-                                         PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY, GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY>,
-                          PhysicalDisplay> {};
+                       GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY, PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>,
+        HwcDisplayVariant<
+                PhysicalDisplay::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, DisplayType::PHYSICAL,
+                DisplayVariant<PhysicalDisplayIdType<PhysicalDisplay>, width, height, critical,
+                               Async::FALSE, Secure::TRUE, PhysicalDisplay::PRIMARY,
+                               GRALLOC_USAGE_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY, PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>,
+                PhysicalDisplay> {};
 
 template <bool hasIdentificationData>
 struct PrimaryDisplay {
@@ -526,13 +523,16 @@
 // A virtual display not supported by the HWC.
 constexpr uint32_t GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY = 0;
 
+constexpr int VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS = 0x0;
+
 template <int width, int height, Secure secure>
 struct NonHwcVirtualDisplayVariant
       : DisplayVariant<GpuVirtualDisplayIdType, width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE, secure,
-                       Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY> {
-    using Base =
-            DisplayVariant<GpuVirtualDisplayIdType, width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE,
-                           secure, Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>;
+                       Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY,
+                       VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS> {
+    using Base = DisplayVariant<GpuVirtualDisplayIdType, width, height, Critical::FALSE,
+                                Async::TRUE, secure, Primary::FALSE,
+                                GRALLOC_USAGE_NONHWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY, VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>;
 
     static void injectHwcDisplay(DisplayTransactionTest*) {}
 
@@ -575,13 +575,16 @@
 template <int width, int height, Secure secure>
 struct HwcVirtualDisplayVariant
       : DisplayVariant<HalVirtualDisplayIdType<42>, width, height, Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE,
-                       secure, Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>,
-        HwcDisplayVariant<HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID, DisplayType::VIRTUAL,
-                          DisplayVariant<HalVirtualDisplayIdType<42>, width, height,
-                                         Critical::FALSE, Async::TRUE, secure, Primary::FALSE,
-                                         GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>> {
+                       secure, Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY,
+                       VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>,
+        HwcDisplayVariant<
+                HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_HWC_DISPLAY_ID, DisplayType::VIRTUAL,
+                DisplayVariant<HalVirtualDisplayIdType<42>, width, height, Critical::FALSE,
+                               Async::TRUE, secure, Primary::FALSE,
+                               GRALLOC_USAGE_HWC_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY, VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>> {
     using Base = DisplayVariant<HalVirtualDisplayIdType<42>, width, height, Critical::FALSE,
-                                Async::TRUE, secure, Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER>;
+                                Async::TRUE, secure, Primary::FALSE, GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER,
+                                VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS>;
     using Self = HwcVirtualDisplayVariant<width, height, secure>;
 
     static std::shared_ptr<compositionengine::Display> injectCompositionDisplay(
@@ -671,7 +674,6 @@
     static constexpr bool WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORTED = false;
 
     static void injectConfigChange(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
-        test->mFlinger.mutableUseColorManagement() = true;
         test->mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = true;
     }
 
@@ -690,7 +692,6 @@
 
     static void injectConfigChange(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
         test->mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = false;
-        test->mFlinger.mutableUseColorManagement() = false;
         test->mFlinger.mutableDisplayColorSetting() = DisplayColorSetting::kUnmanaged;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index 4ff7592..67a0d7e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include "AsyncCallRecorder.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
+#include "FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
@@ -41,10 +42,13 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-constexpr PhysicalDisplayId INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID(111);
-constexpr PhysicalDisplayId EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID(222);
-constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DISPLAY_ID_64BIT(0xabcd12349876fedcULL);
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(111u);
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(222u);
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DISPLAY_ID_64BIT =
+        PhysicalDisplayId::fromEdid(0xffu, 0xffffu, 0xffff'ffffu);
+
 constexpr std::chrono::duration VSYNC_PERIOD(16ms);
+
 class MockVSyncSource : public VSyncSource {
 public:
     const char* getName() const override { return "test"; }
@@ -93,6 +97,8 @@
                                               ConnectionEventRecorder& connectionEventRecorder,
                                               nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
     void expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
+    void expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp,
+                                               nsecs_t preferredDeadline);
     void expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                 bool expectedConnected);
     void expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
@@ -117,6 +123,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<impl::EventThread> mThread;
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mConnection;
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mThrottledConnection;
+    std::unique_ptr<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager> mTokenManager;
 
     static constexpr uid_t mConnectionUid = 443;
     static constexpr uid_t mThrottledConnectionUid = 177;
@@ -170,8 +177,8 @@
         return VSYNC_PERIOD.count();
     };
 
-    mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(std::move(source),
-                                                  /*tokenManager=*/nullptr,
+    mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
+    mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>(std::move(source), mTokenManager.get(),
                                                   mInterceptVSyncCallRecorder.getInvocable(),
                                                   throttleVsync, getVsyncPeriod);
 
@@ -244,6 +251,45 @@
                                          expectedCount);
 }
 
+void EventThreadTest::expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp,
+                                                            nsecs_t preferredDeadline) {
+    auto args = mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value()) << " did not receive an event for timestamp "
+                                  << expectedTimestamp;
+    const auto& event = std::get<0>(args.value());
+    for (int i = 0; i < DisplayEventReceiver::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+        auto prediction =
+                mTokenManager->getPredictionsForToken(event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(prediction.has_value());
+        EXPECT_EQ(prediction.value().endTime, event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp)
+                << "Deadline timestamp does not match cached value";
+        EXPECT_EQ(prediction.value().presentTime,
+                  event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].expectedVSyncTimestamp)
+                << "Expected vsync timestamp does not match cached value";
+
+        if (i > 0) {
+            EXPECT_GT(event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp,
+                      event.vsync.frameTimelines[i - 1].deadlineTimestamp)
+                    << "Deadline timestamp out of order for frame timeline " << i;
+            EXPECT_GT(event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].expectedVSyncTimestamp,
+                      event.vsync.frameTimelines[i - 1].expectedVSyncTimestamp)
+                    << "Expected vsync timestamp out of order for frame timeline " << i;
+        }
+        if (event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp == preferredDeadline) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(i, event.vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex)
+                    << "Preferred frame timeline index should be " << i;
+            // For the platform-preferred frame timeline, the vsync ID is 0 because the first frame
+            // timeline is made before the rest.
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId)
+                    << "Vsync ID incorrect for frame timeline " << i;
+        } else {
+            // Vsync ID 0 is used for the preferred frame timeline.
+            EXPECT_EQ(i + 1, event.vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId)
+                    << "Vsync ID incorrect for frame timeline " << i;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void EventThreadTest::expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                              bool expectedConnected) {
     auto args = mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
@@ -341,6 +387,19 @@
     expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(false);
 }
 
+TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect) {
+    // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
+    mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
+
+    expectVSyncSetEnabledCallReceived(true);
+
+    // Use the received callback to signal a vsync event.
+    // The interceptor should receive the event, as well as the connection.
+    mCallback->onVSyncEvent(123, 456, 789);
+    expectInterceptCallReceived(123);
+    expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(123, 789);
+}
+
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateZeroPostsNoVSyncEventsToThatConnection) {
     // Create a first connection, register it, and request a vsync rate of zero.
     ConnectionEventRecorder firstConnectionEventRecorder{0};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FlagManagerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FlagManagerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0905cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FlagManagerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "FlagManagerTest"
+
+#include "FlagManager.h"
+
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <server_configurable_flags/get_flags.h>
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using testing::Return;
+
+class MockFlagManager : public FlagManager {
+public:
+    MockFlagManager() = default;
+    ~MockFlagManager() = default;
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::string, getServerConfigurableFlag, (const std::string& experimentFlagName),
+                (const, override));
+};
+
+class FlagManagerTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+    FlagManagerTest();
+    ~FlagManagerTest() override;
+    std::unique_ptr<MockFlagManager> mFlagManager;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T getValue(const std::string& experimentFlagName, std::optional<T> systemPropertyOpt,
+               T defaultValue);
+};
+
+FlagManagerTest::FlagManagerTest() {
+    const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+            ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+    ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+    mFlagManager = std::make_unique<MockFlagManager>();
+}
+
+FlagManagerTest::~FlagManagerTest() {
+    const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+            ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+    ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T FlagManagerTest::getValue(const std::string& experimentFlagName,
+                            std::optional<T> systemPropertyOpt, T defaultValue) {
+    return mFlagManager->getValue(experimentFlagName, systemPropertyOpt, defaultValue);
+}
+
+namespace {
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_bool_default) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlagManager, getServerConfigurableFlag).Times(1).WillOnce(Return(""));
+    const bool defaultValue = false;
+    std::optional<bool> systemPropertyValue = std::nullopt;
+    const bool result = FlagManagerTest::getValue("test_flag", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, defaultValue);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_bool_sysprop) {
+    const bool defaultValue = false;
+    std::optional<bool> systemPropertyValue = std::make_optional(true);
+    const bool result = FlagManagerTest::getValue("test_flag", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_bool_experiment) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlagManager, getServerConfigurableFlag).Times(1).WillOnce(Return("1"));
+    const bool defaultValue = false;
+    std::optional<bool> systemPropertyValue = std::nullopt;
+    const bool result = FlagManagerTest::getValue("test_flag", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_int32_default) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlagManager, getServerConfigurableFlag).Times(1).WillOnce(Return(""));
+    int32_t defaultValue = 30;
+    std::optional<int32_t> systemPropertyValue = std::nullopt;
+    int32_t result = FlagManagerTest::getValue("test_flag", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, defaultValue);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_int32_sysprop) {
+    int32_t defaultValue = 30;
+    std::optional<int32_t> systemPropertyValue = std::make_optional(10);
+    int32_t result = FlagManagerTest::getValue("test_flag", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, 10);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_int32_experiment) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlagManager, getServerConfigurableFlag).Times(1).WillOnce(Return("50"));
+    std::int32_t defaultValue = 30;
+    std::optional<std::int32_t> systemPropertyValue = std::nullopt;
+    std::int32_t result = FlagManagerTest::getValue("test_flag", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, 50);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_int64_default) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlagManager, getServerConfigurableFlag).Times(1).WillOnce(Return(""));
+    int64_t defaultValue = 30;
+    std::optional<int64_t> systemPropertyValue = std::nullopt;
+    int64_t result = getValue("flag_name", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, defaultValue);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_int64_sysprop) {
+    int64_t defaultValue = 30;
+    std::optional<int64_t> systemPropertyValue = std::make_optional(10);
+    int64_t result = getValue("flag_name", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, 10);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlagManagerTest, getValue_int64_experiment) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlagManager, getServerConfigurableFlag).Times(1).WillOnce(Return("50"));
+    int64_t defaultValue = 30;
+    std::optional<int64_t> systemPropertyValue = std::nullopt;
+    int64_t result = getValue("flag_name", systemPropertyValue, defaultValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result, 50);
+}
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsOps.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsOps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c737dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsOps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+// Pull Fps operators into its namespace to enable ADL for EXPECT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, etc.
+
+inline bool operator==(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator==(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator<(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator!=(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator>(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator<=(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>=(Fps lhs, Fps rhs) {
+    return fps_approx_ops::operator>=(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsReporterTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsReporterTest.cpp
index 010c675..bb1f432 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsReporterTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsReporterTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "FpsReporterTest"
 
+#include <chrono>
+
 #include <android/gui/BnFpsListener.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -36,6 +38,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
 using testing::_;
 using testing::DoAll;
 using testing::Mock;
@@ -114,8 +118,7 @@
 
 sp<BufferStateLayer> FpsReporterTest::createBufferStateLayer(LayerMetadata metadata = {}) {
     sp<Client> client;
-    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT,
-                           LAYER_FLAGS, metadata);
+    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", LAYER_FLAGS, metadata);
     return new BufferStateLayer(args);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp
index db732cf..88b74d2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FpsTest.cpp
@@ -14,85 +14,58 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "Fps.h"
-
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+#include "FpsOps.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 TEST(FpsTest, construct) {
-    Fps fpsDefault;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(fpsDefault.isValid());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps().isValid());
 
-    Fps fps1(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(fps1.isValid());
-    Fps fps2 = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / 60.0f));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(fps2.isValid());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(fps1.equalsWithMargin(fps2));
+    EXPECT_FALSE((0_Hz).isValid());
+    EXPECT_TRUE((120_Hz).isValid());
+    EXPECT_TRUE((0.5_Hz).isValid());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(0).isValid());
+
+    const Fps fps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(16'666'667);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fps.isValid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(fps, 60_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST(FpsTest, compare) {
-    constexpr float kEpsilon = 1e-4f;
-    const Fps::EqualsInBuckets equalsInBuckets;
-    const Fps::EqualsWithMargin equalsWithMargin;
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, 60_Hz);
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, 59.9999_Hz);
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, 60.0001_Hz);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.f - kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.f + kEpsilon)));
+    EXPECT_LE(60_Hz, 60_Hz);
+    EXPECT_LE(60_Hz, 59.9999_Hz);
+    EXPECT_LE(60_Hz, 60.0001_Hz);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f - kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f + kEpsilon)));
+    EXPECT_GE(60_Hz, 60_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GE(60_Hz, 59.9999_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GE(60_Hz, 60.0001_Hz);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f - kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f + kEpsilon)));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f + kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f - kEpsilon)));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f + kEpsilon)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanOrEqualWithMargin(Fps(60.f - kEpsilon)));
-
-    // Fps with difference of 1 should be different
-    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(61.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).lessThanWithMargin(Fps(61.f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanWithMargin(Fps(59.f)));
+    // Fps with difference of 1 should be different.
+    EXPECT_NE(60_Hz, 61_Hz);
+    EXPECT_LT(60_Hz, 61_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GT(60_Hz, 59_Hz);
 
     // These are common refresh rates which should be different.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).greaterThanWithMargin(Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(60.0f), Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(60.0f), Fps(59.94f)));
-    EXPECT_NE(std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(60.0f)), std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(59.94f)));
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(Fps(30.0f).equalsWithMargin(Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(30.0f).greaterThanWithMargin(Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsInBuckets(Fps(30.0f), Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(equalsWithMargin(Fps(30.0f), Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_NE(std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(30.0f)), std::hash<Fps>()(Fps(29.97f)));
+    EXPECT_NE(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GT(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz);
+    EXPECT_NE(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz);
+    EXPECT_GT(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST(FpsTest, getIntValue) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(30, Fps(30.1f).getIntValue());
-    EXPECT_EQ(31, Fps(30.9f).getIntValue());
-    EXPECT_EQ(31, Fps(30.5f).getIntValue());
-}
-
-TEST(FpsTest, equalsInBucketsImpliesEqualHashes) {
-    constexpr float kStep = 1e-4f;
-    const Fps::EqualsInBuckets equals;
-    for (float fps = 30.0f; fps < 31.0f; fps += kStep) {
-        const Fps left(fps);
-        const Fps right(fps + kStep);
-        if (equals(left, right)) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(std::hash<Fps>()(left), std::hash<Fps>()(right))
-                    << "left= " << left << " right=" << right;
-        }
-    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(30, (30.1_Hz).getIntValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ(31, (30.9_Hz).getIntValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ(31, (30.5_Hz).getIntValue());
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp
index 97b60e0..397c619 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/FrameTimelineTest.cpp
@@ -169,13 +169,14 @@
 
 static const std::string sLayerNameOne = "layer1";
 static const std::string sLayerNameTwo = "layer2";
-static constexpr const uid_t sUidOne = 0;
-static constexpr pid_t sPidOne = 10;
-static constexpr pid_t sPidTwo = 20;
-static constexpr int32_t sInputEventId = 5;
-static constexpr int32_t sLayerIdOne = 1;
-static constexpr int32_t sLayerIdTwo = 2;
-static constexpr int32_t sGameMode = 0;
+
+constexpr const uid_t sUidOne = 0;
+constexpr pid_t sPidOne = 10;
+constexpr pid_t sPidTwo = 20;
+constexpr int32_t sInputEventId = 5;
+constexpr int32_t sLayerIdOne = 1;
+constexpr int32_t sLayerIdTwo = 2;
+constexpr GameMode sGameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
 
 TEST_F(FrameTimelineTest, tokenManagerRemovesStalePredictions) {
     int64_t token1 = mTokenManager->generateTokenForPredictions({0, 0, 0});
@@ -559,7 +560,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(FrameTimelineTest, presentFenceSignaled_reportsAppMiss) {
-    Fps refreshRate = Fps(11.0);
+    Fps refreshRate = 11_Hz;
     EXPECT_CALL(*mTimeStats,
                 incrementJankyFrames(TimeStats::JankyFramesInfo{refreshRate, std::nullopt, sUidOne,
                                                                 sLayerNameOne, sGameMode,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/GameModeTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/GameModeTest.cpp
index 3fa1a2c..981ca1d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/GameModeTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/GameModeTest.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
     sp<BufferStateLayer> createBufferStateLayer() {
         sp<Client> client;
-        LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", 100, 100, 0,
+        LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", 0,
                                LayerMetadata());
         return new BufferStateLayer(args);
     }
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@
     }
 
     // Mocks the behavior of applying a transaction from WMShell
-    void setGameModeMetadata(sp<Layer> layer, int gameMode) {
-        mLayerMetadata.setInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, gameMode);
+    void setGameModeMetadata(sp<Layer> layer, GameMode gameMode) {
+        mLayerMetadata.setInt32(METADATA_GAME_MODE, static_cast<int32_t>(gameMode));
         layer->setMetadata(mLayerMetadata);
         layer->setGameModeForTree(gameMode);
     }
@@ -109,51 +109,52 @@
     sp<BufferStateLayer> childLayer2 = createBufferStateLayer();
     rootLayer->addChild(childLayer1);
     rootLayer->addChild(childLayer2);
-    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(/*gameMode*/ 2);
+    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(GameMode::Performance);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer1->getGameMode(), 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer2->getGameMode(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer1->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer2->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
 }
 
 TEST_F(GameModeTest, AddChildAppliesGameModeFromParent) {
     sp<BufferStateLayer> rootLayer = createBufferStateLayer();
     sp<BufferStateLayer> childLayer = createBufferStateLayer();
-    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(/*gameMode*/ 2);
+    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(GameMode::Performance);
     rootLayer->addChild(childLayer);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer->getGameMode(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
 }
 
 TEST_F(GameModeTest, RemoveChildResetsGameMode) {
     sp<BufferStateLayer> rootLayer = createBufferStateLayer();
     sp<BufferStateLayer> childLayer = createBufferStateLayer();
-    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(/*gameMode*/ 2);
+    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(GameMode::Performance);
     rootLayer->addChild(childLayer);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer->getGameMode(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
 
     rootLayer->removeChild(childLayer);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer->getGameMode(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer->getGameMode(), GameMode::Unsupported);
 }
 
 TEST_F(GameModeTest, ReparentingDoesNotOverrideMetadata) {
     sp<BufferStateLayer> rootLayer = createBufferStateLayer();
     sp<BufferStateLayer> childLayer1 = createBufferStateLayer();
     sp<BufferStateLayer> childLayer2 = createBufferStateLayer();
-    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(/*gameMode*/ 1);
+    rootLayer->setGameModeForTree(GameMode::Standard);
     rootLayer->addChild(childLayer1);
 
-    setGameModeMetadata(childLayer2, /*gameMode*/ 2);
+    setGameModeMetadata(childLayer2, GameMode::Performance);
     rootLayer->addChild(childLayer2);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer1->getGameMode(), 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer2->getGameMode(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rootLayer->getGameMode(), GameMode::Standard);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer1->getGameMode(), GameMode::Standard);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer2->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
 
     rootLayer->removeChild(childLayer2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer2->getGameMode(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(childLayer2->getGameMode(), GameMode::Performance);
 }
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
index 02ec7fc..cdb2240 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerHistory.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerInfo.h"
 #include "TestableScheduler.h"
@@ -37,9 +38,9 @@
 using testing::Return;
 using testing::ReturnRef;
 
-namespace android {
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
-namespace scheduler {
+using MockLayer = android::mock::MockLayer;
 
 class LayerHistoryTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
@@ -50,56 +51,63 @@
     static constexpr auto REFRESH_RATE_AVERAGE_HISTORY_DURATION =
             LayerInfo::RefreshRateHistory::HISTORY_DURATION;
 
-    static constexpr Fps LO_FPS{30.f};
+    static constexpr Fps LO_FPS = 30_Hz;
     static constexpr auto LO_FPS_PERIOD = LO_FPS.getPeriodNsecs();
 
-    static constexpr Fps HI_FPS{90.f};
+    static constexpr Fps HI_FPS = 90_Hz;
     static constexpr auto HI_FPS_PERIOD = HI_FPS.getPeriodNsecs();
 
     LayerHistoryTest() { mFlinger.resetScheduler(mScheduler); }
 
-    void SetUp() override { ASSERT_TRUE(mScheduler->hasLayerHistory()); }
-
-    LayerHistory& history() { return *mScheduler->mutableLayerHistory(); }
-    const LayerHistory& history() const { return *mScheduler->mutableLayerHistory(); }
+    LayerHistory& history() { return mScheduler->mutableLayerHistory(); }
+    const LayerHistory& history() const { return mScheduler->mutableLayerHistory(); }
 
     LayerHistory::Summary summarizeLayerHistory(nsecs_t now) {
-        return history().summarize(*mScheduler->refreshRateConfigs(), now);
+        // LayerHistory::summarize makes no guarantee of the order of the elements in the summary
+        // however, for testing only, a stable order is required, therefore we sort the list here.
+        // Any tests requiring ordered results must create layers with names.
+        auto summary = history().summarize(*mScheduler->refreshRateConfigs(), now);
+        std::sort(summary.begin(), summary.end(),
+                  [](const RefreshRateConfigs::LayerRequirement& a,
+                     const RefreshRateConfigs::LayerRequirement& b) -> bool {
+                      return a.name < b.name;
+                  });
+        return summary;
     }
 
     size_t layerCount() const { return mScheduler->layerHistorySize(); }
-    size_t activeLayerCount() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS { return history().mActiveLayersEnd; }
+    size_t activeLayerCount() const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+        return history().mActiveLayerInfos.size();
+    }
 
     auto frequentLayerCount(nsecs_t now) const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        const auto& infos = history().mLayerInfos;
-        return std::count_if(infos.begin(),
-                             infos.begin() + static_cast<long>(history().mActiveLayersEnd),
-                             [now](const auto& pair) { return pair.second->isFrequent(now); });
+        const auto& infos = history().mActiveLayerInfos;
+        return std::count_if(infos.begin(), infos.end(), [now](const auto& pair) {
+            return pair.second.second->isFrequent(now);
+        });
     }
 
     auto animatingLayerCount(nsecs_t now) const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        const auto& infos = history().mLayerInfos;
-        return std::count_if(infos.begin(),
-                             infos.begin() + static_cast<long>(history().mActiveLayersEnd),
-                             [now](const auto& pair) { return pair.second->isAnimating(now); });
+        const auto& infos = history().mActiveLayerInfos;
+        return std::count_if(infos.begin(), infos.end(), [now](const auto& pair) {
+            return pair.second.second->isAnimating(now);
+        });
     }
 
     void setDefaultLayerVote(Layer* layer,
                              LayerHistory::LayerVoteType vote) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        for (auto& [layerUnsafe, info] : history().mLayerInfos) {
-            if (layerUnsafe == layer) {
-                info->setDefaultLayerVote(vote);
-                return;
-            }
+        auto [found, layerPair] = history().findLayer(layer->getSequence());
+        if (found != LayerHistory::layerStatus::NotFound) {
+            layerPair->second->setDefaultLayerVote(vote);
         }
     }
 
-    auto createLayer() { return sp<mock::MockLayer>(new mock::MockLayer(mFlinger.flinger())); }
+    auto createLayer() { return sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger()); }
     auto createLayer(std::string name) {
-        return sp<mock::MockLayer>(new mock::MockLayer(mFlinger.flinger(), std::move(name)));
+        return sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger(), std::move(name));
     }
 
-    void recordFramesAndExpect(const sp<mock::MockLayer>& layer, nsecs_t& time, Fps frameRate,
+    void recordFramesAndExpect(const sp<MockLayer>& layer, nsecs_t& time, Fps frameRate,
                                Fps desiredRefreshRate, int numFrames) {
         LayerHistory::Summary summary;
         for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
@@ -111,20 +119,21 @@
 
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
         ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(desiredRefreshRate.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate))
-                << "Frame rate is " << frameRate;
+        ASSERT_EQ(desiredRefreshRate, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> mConfigs = std::make_shared<
             RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{DisplayMode::Builder(0)
                                                      .setId(DisplayModeId(0))
-                                                     .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
+                                                     .setPhysicalDisplayId(
+                                                             PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
                                                      .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(LO_FPS_PERIOD))
                                                      .setGroup(0)
                                                      .build(),
                                              DisplayMode::Builder(1)
                                                      .setId(DisplayModeId(1))
-                                                     .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
+                                                     .setPhysicalDisplayId(
+                                                             PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
                                                      .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(HI_FPS_PERIOD))
                                                      .setGroup(0)
                                                      .build()},
@@ -144,10 +153,12 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
 
+    // history().registerLayer(layer, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max);
+
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
 
-    const nsecs_t time = systemTime();
+    nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
     // No layers returned if no layers are active.
     EXPECT_TRUE(summarizeLayerHistory(time).empty());
@@ -159,6 +170,7 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
         EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
+        time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 
     // Max is returned since we have enough history but there is no timestamp votes.
@@ -167,6 +179,7 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
         EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
+        time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
     }
 }
 
@@ -211,7 +224,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -304,7 +317,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(
-                    Return(Layer::FrameRate(Fps(73.4f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::Default)));
+                    Return(Layer::FrameRate(73.4_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::Default)));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
@@ -317,7 +330,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -326,7 +339,7 @@
     time += MAX_ACTIVE_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -336,7 +349,7 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(
-                    Layer::FrameRate(Fps(73.4f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
+                    Layer::FrameRate(73.4_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
@@ -350,7 +363,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
               summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -360,15 +373,15 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
               summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(73.4f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(73.4_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHistoryTest, multipleLayers) {
-    auto layer1 = createLayer();
-    auto layer2 = createLayer();
-    auto layer3 = createLayer();
+    auto layer1 = createLayer("A");
+    auto layer2 = createLayer("B");
+    auto layer3 = createLayer("C");
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer1, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer1, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
@@ -412,7 +425,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summary[0].vote);
     ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -427,7 +440,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -446,7 +459,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summary[1].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -456,9 +469,9 @@
     summary = summarizeLayerHistory(time);
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -468,9 +481,9 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -485,7 +498,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(LO_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -506,7 +519,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(HI_FPS.equalsWithMargin(summary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -583,12 +596,12 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitVisiblelayer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitVisiblelayer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(
-                    Layer::FrameRate(Fps(60.0f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
+                    Layer::FrameRate(60_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitInvisiblelayer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
     EXPECT_CALL(*explicitInvisiblelayer, getFrameRateForLayerTree())
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(
-                    Layer::FrameRate(Fps(90.0f), Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
+                    Layer::FrameRate(90_Hz, Layer::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple)));
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
@@ -601,7 +614,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(1, summarizeLayerHistory(time).size());
     EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
               summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(60.0f).equalsWithMargin(summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate));
+    EXPECT_EQ(60_Hz, summarizeLayerHistory(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 }
@@ -652,6 +665,29 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(1, animatingLayerCount(time));
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerHistoryTest, getFramerate) {
+    auto layer = createLayer();
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
+
+    nsecs_t time = systemTime();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, animatingLayerCount(time));
+
+    // layer is active but infrequent.
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
+        history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+        time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
+    }
+
+    float expectedFramerate = 1e9f / MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expectedFramerate, history().getLayerFramerate(time, layer->getSequence()));
+}
+
 TEST_F(LayerHistoryTest, heuristicLayer60Hz) {
     const auto layer = createLayer();
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
@@ -659,7 +695,7 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
     for (float fps = 54.0f; fps < 65.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(fps), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+        recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps::fromValue(fps), 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
     }
 }
 
@@ -669,13 +705,13 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
 
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(30.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(30.0f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(60.0f), Fps(60.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 30_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 30_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60_Hz, 60_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerHistoryTest, heuristicLayerNotOscillating) {
@@ -685,11 +721,11 @@
 
     nsecs_t time = systemTime();
 
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(27.10f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(26.90f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(26.00f), Fps(24.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(26.90f), Fps(24.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
-    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, Fps(27.10f), Fps(30.0f), PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 27.1_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26.9_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26_Hz, 24_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26.9_Hz, 24_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 27.1_Hz, 30_Hz, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
 }
 
 class LayerHistoryTestParameterized : public LayerHistoryTest,
@@ -740,7 +776,7 @@
 
             bool max = false;
             bool min = false;
-            Fps heuristic{0.0};
+            Fps heuristic;
             for (const auto& layer : summarizeLayerHistory(time)) {
                 if (layer.vote == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
                     heuristic = layer.desiredRefreshRate;
@@ -752,7 +788,7 @@
             }
 
             if (infrequentLayerUpdates > FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE) {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(Fps(24.0f).equalsWithMargin(heuristic));
+                EXPECT_EQ(24_Hz, heuristic);
                 EXPECT_FALSE(max);
                 if (summarizeLayerHistory(time).size() == 2) {
                     EXPECT_TRUE(min);
@@ -766,8 +802,7 @@
                         ::testing::Values(1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s));
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace scheduler
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
\ No newline at end of file
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
index d6ce5e2..5c2d2e1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerInfoTest.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Fps.h"
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerHistory.h"
 #include "Scheduler/LayerInfo.h"
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, prefersPresentTime) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumFrames = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumFrames; i++) {
@@ -58,14 +60,12 @@
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, fallbacksToQueueTimeIfNoPresentTime) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumFrames = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumFrames; i++) {
@@ -74,17 +74,15 @@
                                            .pendingModeChange = false});
     }
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
-    setLastRefreshRate(Fps(20.0f)); // Set to some valid value
+    setLastRefreshRate(20_Hz); // Set to some valid value.
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, returnsNulloptIfThereWasConfigChange) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimesWithoutConfigChange;
-    const auto period = Fps(50.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    const auto period = (50_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumFrames = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumFrames; i++) {
         frameTimesWithoutConfigChange.push_back(FrameTimeData{.presentTime = period * i,
@@ -124,9 +122,9 @@
 // Make sure that this doesn't influence the calculated average FPS.
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, ignoresSmallPeriods) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kExpectedPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
-    constexpr auto kSmallPeriod = Fps(250.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    constexpr auto kSmallPeriod = (250_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
     constexpr int kNumIterations = 10;
     for (int i = 1; i <= kNumIterations; i++) {
         frameTimes.push_back(FrameTimeData{.presentTime = kExpectedPeriod * i,
@@ -141,18 +139,16 @@
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 // There may be a big period of time between two frames. Make sure that
 // this doesn't influence the calculated average FPS.
 TEST_F(LayerInfoTest, ignoresLargePeriods) {
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> frameTimes;
-    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = Fps(50.0f);
+    constexpr auto kExpectedFps = 50_Hz;
     constexpr auto kExpectedPeriod = kExpectedFps.getPeriodNsecs();
-    constexpr auto kLargePeriod = Fps(9.0f).getPeriodNsecs();
+    constexpr auto kLargePeriod = (9_Hz).getPeriodNsecs();
 
     auto record = [&](nsecs_t time) {
         frameTimes.push_back(
@@ -172,9 +168,7 @@
     setFrameTimes(frameTimes);
     const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
     ASSERT_TRUE(averageFrameTime.has_value());
-    const auto averageFps = Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(kExpectedFps.equalsWithMargin(averageFps))
-            << "Expected " << averageFps << " to be equal to " << kExpectedFps;
+    ASSERT_EQ(kExpectedFps, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(*averageFrameTime));
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
index dbd51fe..bd4dc59 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/MessageQueueTest.cpp
@@ -31,62 +31,51 @@
 
 using CallbackToken = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken;
 
+struct NoOpCompositor final : ICompositor {
+    bool commit(nsecs_t, int64_t, nsecs_t) override { return false; }
+    void composite(nsecs_t) override {}
+    void sample() override {}
+} gNoOpCompositor;
+
 class TestableMessageQueue : public impl::MessageQueue {
-public:
-    class MockHandler : public MessageQueue::Handler {
-    public:
-        explicit MockHandler(MessageQueue& queue) : MessageQueue::Handler(queue) {}
-        ~MockHandler() override = default;
-        MOCK_METHOD2(dispatchInvalidate, void(int64_t vsyncId, nsecs_t expectedVSyncTimestamp));
+    struct MockHandler : MessageQueue::Handler {
+        using MessageQueue::Handler::Handler;
+
+        MOCK_METHOD(void, dispatchFrame, (int64_t, nsecs_t), (override));
     };
 
-    TestableMessageQueue() = default;
-    ~TestableMessageQueue() override = default;
+    explicit TestableMessageQueue(sp<MockHandler> handler)
+          : impl::MessageQueue(gNoOpCompositor, handler), mHandler(std::move(handler)) {}
 
-    void initHandler(const sp<MockHandler>& handler) { mHandler = handler; }
+public:
+    TestableMessageQueue() : TestableMessageQueue(sp<MockHandler>::make(*this)) {}
 
-    void triggerVsyncCallback(nsecs_t vsyncTime, nsecs_t targetWakeupTime, nsecs_t readyTime) {
-        vsyncCallback(vsyncTime, targetWakeupTime, readyTime);
-    }
+    using impl::MessageQueue::vsyncCallback;
+
+    const sp<MockHandler> mHandler;
 };
 
-class MockVSyncDispatch : public scheduler::VSyncDispatch {
-public:
-    MockVSyncDispatch() = default;
-    ~MockVSyncDispatch() override = default;
-
+struct MockVSyncDispatch : scheduler::VSyncDispatch {
     MOCK_METHOD2(registerCallback,
-                 CallbackToken(std::function<void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t)> const&, std::string));
+                 CallbackToken(const std::function<void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t)>&, std::string));
     MOCK_METHOD1(unregisterCallback, void(CallbackToken));
     MOCK_METHOD2(schedule, scheduler::ScheduleResult(CallbackToken, ScheduleTiming));
     MOCK_METHOD1(cancel, scheduler::CancelResult(CallbackToken token));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(dump, void(std::string&));
 };
 
-class MockTokenManager : public frametimeline::TokenManager {
-public:
-    MockTokenManager() = default;
-    ~MockTokenManager() override = default;
-
+struct MockTokenManager : frametimeline::TokenManager {
     MOCK_METHOD1(generateTokenForPredictions, int64_t(frametimeline::TimelineItem&& prediction));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(getPredictionsForToken, std::optional<frametimeline::TimelineItem>(int64_t));
 };
 
-class MessageQueueTest : public testing::Test {
-public:
-    MessageQueueTest() = default;
-    ~MessageQueueTest() override = default;
-
+struct MessageQueueTest : testing::Test {
     void SetUp() override {
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.initHandler(mHandler));
-
         EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, "sf")).WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
         EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.initVsync(mVSyncDispatch, mTokenManager, mDuration));
         EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
     }
 
-    sp<TestableMessageQueue::MockHandler> mHandler =
-            new TestableMessageQueue::MockHandler(mEventQueue);
     MockVSyncDispatch mVSyncDispatch;
     MockTokenManager mTokenManager;
     TestableMessageQueue mEventQueue;
@@ -100,45 +89,49 @@
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Test cases
  */
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidate) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commit) {
     const auto timing = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateTwice) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commitTwice) {
     InSequence s;
     const auto timing = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(4567));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(4567, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4567, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateTwiceWithCallback) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commitTwiceWithCallback) {
     InSequence s;
     const auto timing = scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
                                                                  .readyDuration = 0,
                                                                  .earliestVsync = 0};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(1234));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().value().time_since_epoch().count());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1234, mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime()->time_since_epoch().count());
 
     const auto startTime = 100;
     const auto endTime = startTime + mDuration.count();
@@ -148,10 +141,10 @@
                 generateTokenForPredictions(
                         frametimeline::TimelineItem(startTime, endTime, presentTime)))
             .WillOnce(Return(vsyncId));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mHandler, dispatchInvalidate(vsyncId, presentTime)).Times(1);
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.triggerVsyncCallback(presentTime, startTime, endTime));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mEventQueue.mHandler, dispatchFrame(vsyncId, presentTime)).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.vsyncCallback(presentTime, startTime, endTime));
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.nextExpectedInvalidate().has_value());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mEventQueue.getScheduledFrameTime());
 
     const auto timingAfterCallback =
             scheduler::VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming{.workDuration = mDuration.count(),
@@ -159,10 +152,10 @@
                                                      .earliestVsync = presentTime};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timingAfterCallback)).WillOnce(Return(0));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, invalidateWithDurationChange) {
+TEST_F(MessageQueueTest, commitWithDurationChange) {
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.setDuration(mDifferentDuration));
 
     const auto timing =
@@ -171,7 +164,7 @@
                                                      .earliestVsync = 0};
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mVSyncDispatch, schedule(mCallbackToken, timing)).WillOnce(Return(0));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.invalidate());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mEventQueue.scheduleFrame());
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/OneShotTimerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/OneShotTimerTest.cpp
index 6916764..597e5e7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/OneShotTimerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/OneShotTimerTest.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@
     mIdleTimer->stop();
 }
 
-TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, resetTest) {
+// TODO(b/186417847) This test is flaky. Reenable once fixed.
+TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, DISABLED_resetTest) {
     fake::FakeClock* clock = new fake::FakeClock();
     mIdleTimer = std::make_unique<scheduler::OneShotTimer>("TestTimer", 1ms,
                                                            mResetTimerCallback.getInvocable(),
@@ -94,7 +95,8 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(mResetTimerCallback.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 }
 
-TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, resetBackToBackTest) {
+// TODO(b/186417847) This test is flaky. Reenable once fixed.
+TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, DISABLED_resetBackToBackTest) {
     fake::FakeClock* clock = new fake::FakeClock();
     mIdleTimer = std::make_unique<scheduler::OneShotTimer>("TestTimer", 1ms,
                                                            mResetTimerCallback.getInvocable(),
@@ -144,7 +146,8 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(mResetTimerCallback.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 }
 
-TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, idleTimerIdlesTest) {
+// TODO(b/186417847) This test is flaky. Reenable once fixed.
+TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, DISABLED_idleTimerIdlesTest) {
     fake::FakeClock* clock = new fake::FakeClock();
     mIdleTimer = std::make_unique<scheduler::OneShotTimer>("TestTimer", 1ms,
                                                            mResetTimerCallback.getInvocable(),
@@ -169,7 +172,8 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(mResetTimerCallback.waitForUnexpectedCall().has_value());
 }
 
-TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, timeoutCallbackExecutionTest) {
+// TODO(b/186417847) This test is flaky. Reenable once fixed.
+TEST_F(OneShotTimerTest, DISABLED_timeoutCallbackExecutionTest) {
     fake::FakeClock* clock = new fake::FakeClock();
     mIdleTimer = std::make_unique<scheduler::OneShotTimer>("TestTimer", 1ms,
                                                            mResetTimerCallback.getInvocable(),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
index c1dba2b..98746bc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
@@ -21,21 +21,18 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "SchedulerUnittests"
 
+#include <ftl/enum.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <thread>
-
 #include <ui/Size.h>
 
-#include "../../Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-namespace android {
-
-namespace scheduler {
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
 namespace hal = android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal;
 
@@ -98,27 +95,38 @@
     static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_30 = DisplayModeId(4);
     static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_25 = DisplayModeId(5);
     static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_50 = DisplayModeId(6);
+    static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_24 = DisplayModeId(7);
+    static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC = DisplayModeId(8);
+    static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_30_FRAC = DisplayModeId(9);
+    static inline const DisplayModeId HWC_CONFIG_ID_60_FRAC = DisplayModeId(10);
 
     // Test configs
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig60 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, 0, Fps(60.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig90 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, Fps(90.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig60 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, 0, (60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig60Frac =
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60_FRAC, 0, (59.94_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig90 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, (90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig90DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 1, Fps(90.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 1, (90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig90DifferentResolution =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, Fps(90.0f).getPeriodNsecs(), ui::Size(111, 222));
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig72 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 0, Fps(72.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, 0, (90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs(), ui::Size(111, 222));
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig72 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 0, (72_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig72DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 1, Fps(72.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig120 =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 0, Fps(120.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_72, 1, (72_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig120 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 0, (120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig120DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 1, Fps(120.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig30 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 0, Fps(30.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, 1, (120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig30 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 0, (30_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig30DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 1, Fps(30.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, 1, (30_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig30Frac =
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30_FRAC, 0, (29.97_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig25 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, 0, (25_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
     DisplayModePtr mConfig25DifferentGroup =
-            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, 1, Fps(25.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
-    DisplayModePtr mConfig50 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50, 0, Fps(50.0f).getPeriodNsecs());
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, 1, (25_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig50 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50, 0, (50_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig24 = createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24, 0, (24_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
+    DisplayModePtr mConfig24Frac =
+            createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC, 0, (23.976_Hz).getPeriodNsecs());
 
     // Test device configurations
     // The positions of the configs in the arrays below MUST match their IDs. For example,
@@ -145,6 +153,11 @@
                                        mConfig50};
     DisplayModes m60_120Device = {mConfig60, mConfig120};
 
+    // This is a typical TV configuration.
+    DisplayModes m24_25_30_50_60WithFracDevice = {mConfig24, mConfig24Frac, mConfig25,
+                                                  mConfig30, mConfig30Frac, mConfig50,
+                                                  mConfig60, mConfig60Frac};
+
     // Expected RefreshRate objects
     RefreshRate mExpected60Config = {mConfig60, RefreshRate::ConstructorTag(0)};
     RefreshRate mExpectedAlmost60Config = {createDisplayMode(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, 0, 16666665),
@@ -158,7 +171,6 @@
     RefreshRate mExpected30Config = {mConfig30, RefreshRate::ConstructorTag(0)};
     RefreshRate mExpected120Config = {mConfig120, RefreshRate::ConstructorTag(0)};
 
-private:
     DisplayModePtr createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId modeId, int32_t group, int64_t vsyncPeriod,
                                      ui::Size resolution = ui::Size());
 };
@@ -181,7 +193,7 @@
                                                          int64_t vsyncPeriod, ui::Size resolution) {
     return DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(modeId.value()))
             .setId(modeId)
-            .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
+            .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
             .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(vsyncPeriod))
             .setGroup(group)
             .setHeight(resolution.height)
@@ -190,9 +202,7 @@
 }
 
 namespace {
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Test cases
- */
+
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, oneDeviceConfig_SwitchingSupported) {
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60OnlyConfigDevice,
@@ -203,10 +213,8 @@
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60OnlyConfigDevice,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
-    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({DisplayModeId(10), {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
-    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(20), Fps(40)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({DisplayModeId(10), {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
+    ASSERT_LT(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {20_Hz, 40_Hz}}), 0);
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, twoDeviceConfigs_storesFullRefreshRateMap) {
@@ -240,8 +248,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, minRate60);
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, performanceRate60);
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(60), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     const auto& minRate90 = getMinRefreshRateByPolicy(*refreshRateConfigs);
@@ -266,8 +273,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, minRate60);
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, performanceRate60);
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(60), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     const auto& minRate90 = getMinRefreshRateByPolicy(*refreshRateConfigs);
@@ -289,8 +295,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected60Config, minRate);
     ASSERT_EQ(mExpected90Config, performanceRate);
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
 
     auto minRate60 = getMinRefreshRateByPolicy(*refreshRateConfigs);
     auto performanceRate60 = refreshRateConfigs->getMaxRefreshRateByPolicy();
@@ -313,8 +318,7 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(current.getModeId(), HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
     }
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     {
         auto current = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate();
         EXPECT_EQ(current.getModeId(), HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
@@ -328,14 +332,19 @@
 
     // If there are no layers we select the default frame rate, which is the max of the primary
     // range.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{};
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}));
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    ASSERT_EQ(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}),
+              NO_ERROR);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}));
+
+    // We select max even when this will cause a non-seamless switch.
+    refreshRateConfigs = std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90DeviceWithDifferentGroups,
+                                                              /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+    ASSERT_EQ(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, /*allowGroupSwitching*/ true, {0_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
+              NO_ERROR);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90DifferentGroupConfig, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_90) {
@@ -343,142 +352,109 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.name = "";
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90.0f), Fps(90.0f)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(0.0f), Fps(120.0f)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {0_Hz, 120_Hz}}), 0);
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_multipleThreshold_60_90) {
@@ -487,44 +463,37 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_72_90) {
@@ -532,37 +501,30 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_72_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90_120) {
@@ -570,31 +532,27 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(48.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(48.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes) {
@@ -602,91 +560,81 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes_multipleThreshold) {
@@ -695,91 +643,81 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.name = "24Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60) {
@@ -787,37 +725,30 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90) {
@@ -825,60 +756,47 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_PriorityTest) {
@@ -886,53 +804,45 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(24.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(15.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 15_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(45.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_24FpsVideo) {
@@ -940,15 +850,15 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 23.0f; fps < 25.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(fps);
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate)
+                << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -958,15 +868,15 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 23.0f; fps < 25.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(fps);
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate)
+                << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -975,39 +885,35 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, testInPolicy) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(60.000004f), Fps(60.000004f)));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(59.0f), Fps(60.1f)));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(75.0f), Fps(90.0f)));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(60.0011f), Fps(90.0f)));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(Fps(50.0f), Fps(59.998f)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(60.000004_Hz, 60.000004_Hz));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(59_Hz, 60.1_Hz));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(75_Hz, 90_Hz));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(60.0011_Hz, 90_Hz));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mExpectedAlmost60Config.inPolicy(50_Hz, 59.998_Hz));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_75HzContent) {
@@ -1015,15 +921,15 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     for (float fps = 75.0f; fps < 100.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(fps);
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps::fromValue(fps);
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRate)
+                << lr.desiredRefreshRate << " chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -1032,53 +938,47 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr1.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     lr1.name = "30Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, scrollWhileWatching60fps_60_90) {
@@ -1086,52 +986,46 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     // The other layer starts to provide buffers
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, touchConsidered) {
@@ -1140,55 +1034,50 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false}, &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = false}, &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr1 = layers[0];
     auto& lr2 = layers[1];
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr1.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
-                                           &consideredSignals);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}, &consideredSignals);
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 }
 
@@ -1197,40 +1086,128 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90_72_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     // Prepare a table with the vote and the expected refresh rate
-    const std::vector<std::pair<float, float>> testCases = {
-            {130, 120}, {120, 120}, {119, 120}, {110, 120},
+    const std::initializer_list<std::pair<Fps, Fps>> testCases = {
+            {130_Hz, 120_Hz}, {120_Hz, 120_Hz}, {119_Hz, 120_Hz}, {110_Hz, 120_Hz},
 
-            {100, 90},  {90, 90},   {89, 90},
+            {100_Hz, 90_Hz},  {90_Hz, 90_Hz},   {89_Hz, 90_Hz},
 
-            {80, 72},   {73, 72},   {72, 72},   {71, 72},   {70, 72},
+            {80_Hz, 72_Hz},   {73_Hz, 72_Hz},   {72_Hz, 72_Hz},   {71_Hz, 72_Hz},   {70_Hz, 72_Hz},
 
-            {65, 60},   {60, 60},   {59, 60},   {58, 60},
+            {65_Hz, 60_Hz},   {60_Hz, 60_Hz},   {59_Hz, 60_Hz},   {58_Hz, 60_Hz},
 
-            {55, 90},   {50, 90},   {45, 90},
+            {55_Hz, 90_Hz},   {50_Hz, 90_Hz},   {45_Hz, 90_Hz},
 
-            {42, 120},  {40, 120},  {39, 120},
+            {42_Hz, 120_Hz},  {40_Hz, 120_Hz},  {39_Hz, 120_Hz},
 
-            {37, 72},   {36, 72},   {35, 72},
+            {37_Hz, 72_Hz},   {36_Hz, 72_Hz},   {35_Hz, 72_Hz},
 
-            {30, 60},
+            {30_Hz, 60_Hz},
     };
 
-    for (const auto& test : testCases) {
+    for (auto [desired, expected] : testCases) {
         lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-        lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(test.first);
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = desired;
 
         std::stringstream ss;
-        ss << "ExplicitDefault " << test.first << " fps";
+        ss << "ExplicitDefault " << desired;
         lr.name = ss.str();
 
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_TRUE(refreshRate.getFps().equalsWithMargin(Fps(test.second)))
-                << "Expecting " << test.first << "fps => " << test.second << "Hz";
+        const auto refreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+        EXPECT_EQ(refreshRate.getFps(), expected);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest,
+       getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExactOrMultiple_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    auto& lr = layers[0];
+
+    // Test that 23.976 will choose 24 if 23.976 is not supported
+    {
+        android::DisplayModes modes = {mConfig24,     mConfig25, mConfig30,
+                                       mConfig30Frac, mConfig60, mConfig60Frac};
+        auto refreshRateConfigs =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+
+        lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 23.976_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 23.976 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
+    }
+
+    // Test that 24 will choose 23.976 if 24 is not supported
+    {
+        android::DisplayModes modes = {mConfig24Frac, mConfig25, mConfig30,
+                                       mConfig30Frac, mConfig60, mConfig60Frac};
+        auto refreshRateConfigs =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 24 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC,
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
+    }
+
+    // Test that 29.97 will prefer 59.94 over 60 and 30
+    {
+        android::DisplayModes modes = {mConfig24, mConfig24Frac, mConfig25,
+                                       mConfig30, mConfig60,     mConfig60Frac};
+        auto refreshRateConfigs =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 29.97_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple 29.97 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60_FRAC,
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExact_WithFractionalRefreshRates) {
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    auto& lr = layers[0];
+
+    // Test that voting for supported refresh rate will select this refresh rate
+    {
+        auto refreshRateConfigs =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m24_25_30_50_60WithFracDevice,
+                                                     /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+
+        for (auto desired : {23.976_Hz, 24_Hz, 25_Hz, 29.97_Hz, 30_Hz, 50_Hz, 59.94_Hz, 60_Hz}) {
+            lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
+            lr.desiredRefreshRate = desired;
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "ExplicitExact " << desired;
+            lr.name = ss.str();
+
+            auto selectedRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {});
+            EXPECT_EQ(selectedRefreshRate.getFps(), lr.desiredRefreshRate);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Test that 23.976 will choose 24 if 23.976 is not supported
+    {
+        android::DisplayModes modes = {mConfig24,     mConfig25, mConfig30,
+                                       mConfig30Frac, mConfig60, mConfig60Frac};
+        auto refreshRateConfigs =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+        lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 23.976_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExact 23.976 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
+    }
+
+    // Test that 24 will choose 23.976 if 24 is not supported
+    {
+        android::DisplayModes modes = {mConfig24Frac, mConfig25, mConfig30,
+                                       mConfig30Frac, mConfig60, mConfig60Frac};
+        auto refreshRateConfigs =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(modes, /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+        lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24_Hz;
+        lr.name = "ExplicitExact 24 Hz";
+        EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_24_FRAC,
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
     }
 }
 
@@ -1241,15 +1218,15 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90.f), Fps(90.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = true;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
@@ -1265,18 +1242,17 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60.f), Fps(60.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     lr.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = true}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.idle = true}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest,
@@ -1286,72 +1262,61 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90.f), Fps(90.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
     RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false},
-                                                     &consideredSignals));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}, &consideredSignals));
     EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Max";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    lr.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     lr.name = "60Hz Min";
     lr.focused = false;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
     lr.focused = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingNotAllowed) {
@@ -1361,17 +1326,15 @@
 
     // The default policy doesn't allow group switching. Verify that no
     // group switches are performed.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayer) {
@@ -1383,16 +1346,14 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamless) {
@@ -1405,16 +1366,14 @@
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
     // Verify that we won't change the group if seamless switch is required.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerOnlySeamlessDefaultFps) {
@@ -1429,16 +1388,14 @@
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
 
     // Verify that we won't do a seamless switch if we request the same mode as the default
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithOneLayerDefaultSeamlessness) {
@@ -1455,17 +1412,15 @@
     // Verify that if the current config is in another group and there are no layers with
     // seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless we'll go back to the default group.
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersOnlySeamlessAndSeamed) {
@@ -1481,9 +1436,9 @@
 
     // If there's a layer with seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless, another layer with
     // seamlessness=OnlySeamless can't change the mode group.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless;
     layers[0].name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layers[0].focused = true;
@@ -1491,13 +1446,11 @@
     layers.push_back(LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f});
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     layers[1].focused = false;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultFocusedAndSeamed) {
@@ -1517,23 +1470,21 @@
     // For example, this may happen when a video playback requests and gets a seamed switch,
     // but another layer (with default seamlessness) starts animating. The animating layer
     // should not cause a seamed switch.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].focused = true;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[0].name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
     layers.push_back(LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.1f});
     layers[1].seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layers[1].focused = true;
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitchingWithTwoLayersDefaultNotFocusedAndSeamed) {
@@ -1550,23 +1501,21 @@
     // Layer with seamlessness=Default can change the mode group if there's a not
     // focused layer with seamlessness=SeamedAndSeamless. This happens for example,
     // when in split screen mode the user switches between the two visible applications.
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].seamlessness = Seamlessness::Default;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].focused = true;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[0].name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
     layers.push_back(LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.7f});
     layers[1].seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
     layers[1].focused = false;
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     layers[1].name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, nonSeamlessVotePrefersSeamlessSwitches) {
@@ -1580,22 +1529,18 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    layer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layer.seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless;
     layer.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     layer.focused = true;
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120);
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, nonSeamlessExactAndSeamlessMultipleLayers) {
@@ -1609,31 +1554,27 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<
-            LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault",
-                                               .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault,
-                                               .desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f),
-                                               .seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless,
-                                               .weight = 0.5f,
-                                               .focused = false},
-                              LayerRequirement{.name = "25Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple",
-                                               .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
-                                               .desiredRefreshRate = Fps(25.0f),
-                                               .seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless,
-                                               .weight = 1.0f,
-                                               .focused = true}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault",
+                                             .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault,
+                                             .desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz,
+                                             .seamlessness = Seamlessness::SeamedAndSeamless,
+                                             .weight = 0.5f,
+                                             .focused = false},
+                                            {.name = "25Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple",
+                                             .vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple,
+                                             .desiredRefreshRate = 25_Hz,
+                                             .seamlessness = Seamlessness::OnlySeamless,
+                                             .weight = 1.f,
+                                             .focused = true}};
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_50, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 
     auto& seamedLayer = layers[0];
-    seamedLayer.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault", seamedLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    seamedLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
+    seamedLayer.name = "30Hz ExplicitDefault";
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_25, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, minLayersDontTrigerSeamedSwitch) {
@@ -1647,14 +1588,10 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.name = "Min",
-                                                                 .vote = LayerVoteType::Min,
-                                                                 .weight = 1.f,
-                                                                 .focused = true}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {
+            {.name = "Min", .vote = LayerVoteType::Min, .weight = 1.f, .focused = true}};
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
+    ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, primaryVsAppRequestPolicy) {
@@ -1662,59 +1599,58 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
 
+    struct Args {
+        bool touch = false;
+        bool focused = true;
+    };
+
     // Return the config ID from calling getBestRefreshRate() for a single layer with the
     // given voteType and fps.
-    auto getFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, Fps fps, bool touchActive = false,
-                            bool focused = true) -> DisplayModeId {
+    auto getFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, Fps fps, Args args = {}) -> DisplayModeId {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
-        layers[0].focused = focused;
-        return refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = false})
-                .getModeId();
+        layers[0].focused = args.focused;
+        return refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = args.touch}).getModeId();
     };
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(30.f), Fps(60.f)}, {Fps(30.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {30_Hz, 60_Hz}, {30_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
-                      .getModeId());
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {}).getModeId());
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz));
 
-    // Layers not focused are not allowed to override primary config
+    // Unfocused layers are not allowed to override primary config.
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/false,
-                           /*focused=*/false));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz, {.focused = false}));
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/false,
-                           /*focused=*/false));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz, {.focused = false}));
 
     // Touch boost should be restricted to the primary range.
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, 90_Hz, {.touch = true}));
     // When we're higher than the primary range max due to a layer frame rate setting, touch boost
     // shouldn't drag us back down to the primary range max.
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/true));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz, {.touch = true}));
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f), /*touch=*/true));
+              getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz, {.touch = true}));
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60.f), Fps(60.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(60.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}),
               0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, Fps(90.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, Fps(90.f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, 90_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, 90_Hz));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, idle) {
@@ -1722,12 +1658,12 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
 
     const auto getIdleFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, bool touchActive) -> DisplayModeId {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
-        layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90.f);
+        layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
         RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
         const auto configId =
                 refreshRateConfigs
@@ -1740,7 +1676,7 @@
     };
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}, {Fps(60.f), Fps(90.f)}}),
+                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}),
               0);
 
     // Idle should be lower priority than touch boost.
@@ -1771,8 +1707,7 @@
 
     // Idle should be applied rather than the current config when there are no layers.
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = true})
-                      .getModeId());
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.idle = true}).getModeId());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, findClosestKnownFrameRate) {
@@ -1781,23 +1716,23 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
     for (float fps = 1.0f; fps <= 120.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
-        const auto knownFrameRate = findClosestKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs, Fps(fps));
+        const auto knownFrameRate =
+                findClosestKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs, Fps::fromValue(fps));
         Fps expectedFrameRate;
         if (fps < 26.91f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(24.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 24_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 37.51f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(30.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 30_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 52.51f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(45.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 45_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 66.01f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(60.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 60_Hz;
         } else if (fps < 81.01f) {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(72.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 72_Hz;
         } else {
-            expectedFrameRate = Fps(90.0f);
+            expectedFrameRate = 90_Hz;
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(expectedFrameRate.equalsWithMargin(knownFrameRate))
-                << "findClosestKnownFrameRate(" << fps << ") = " << knownFrameRate;
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedFrameRate, knownFrameRate);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1806,38 +1741,32 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    struct ExpectedRate {
-        Fps rate;
-        const RefreshRate& expected;
+    struct Expectation {
+        Fps fps;
+        const RefreshRate& refreshRate;
     };
 
-    /* clang-format off */
-    std::vector<ExpectedRate> knownFrameRatesExpectations = {
-        {Fps(24.0f), mExpected60Config},
-        {Fps(30.0f), mExpected60Config},
-        {Fps(45.0f), mExpected90Config},
-        {Fps(60.0f), mExpected60Config},
-        {Fps(72.0f), mExpected90Config},
-        {Fps(90.0f), mExpected90Config},
+    const std::initializer_list<Expectation> knownFrameRatesExpectations = {
+            {24_Hz, mExpected60Config}, {30_Hz, mExpected60Config}, {45_Hz, mExpected90Config},
+            {60_Hz, mExpected60Config}, {72_Hz, mExpected90Config}, {90_Hz, mExpected90Config},
     };
-    /* clang-format on */
 
     // Make sure the test tests all the known frame rate
     const auto knownFrameRateList = getKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs);
-    const auto equal =
-            std::equal(knownFrameRateList.begin(), knownFrameRateList.end(),
-                       knownFrameRatesExpectations.begin(),
-                       [](Fps a, const ExpectedRate& b) { return a.equalsWithMargin(b.rate); });
+    const bool equal = std::equal(knownFrameRateList.begin(), knownFrameRateList.end(),
+                                  knownFrameRatesExpectations.begin(),
+                                  [](Fps fps, const Expectation& expected) {
+                                      return isApproxEqual(fps, expected.fps);
+                                  });
     EXPECT_TRUE(equal);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     auto& layer = layers[0];
     layer.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    for (const auto& expectedRate : knownFrameRatesExpectations) {
-        layer.desiredRefreshRate = expectedRate.rate;
-        const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
-        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRate.expected, refreshRate);
+
+    for (const auto& [fps, refreshRate] : knownFrameRatesExpectations) {
+        layer.desiredRefreshRate = fps;
+        EXPECT_EQ(refreshRate, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1846,40 +1775,33 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30);
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(72);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 72_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitExactEnableFrameRateOverride) {
@@ -1888,40 +1810,33 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30);
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(72);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 72_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(90);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 90_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(120);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 120_Hz;
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_ReadsCached) {
@@ -1932,26 +1847,20 @@
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
     setLastBestRefreshRateInvocation(*refreshRateConfigs,
-                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.layerRequirements = std::vector<
-                                                                          LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                                  .globalSignals = {.touch = true,
+                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.globalSignals = {.touch = true,
                                                                                     .idle = true},
                                                                   .outSignalsConsidered =
-                                                                          {.touch = true,
-                                                                           .idle = false},
+                                                                          {.touch = true},
                                                                   .resultingBestRefreshRate =
                                                                           createRefreshRate(
                                                                                   mConfig90)});
 
     EXPECT_EQ(createRefreshRate(mConfig90),
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(std::vector<LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                     {.touch = true, .idle = true}));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true}));
 
-    const GlobalSignals cachedSignalsConsidered{.touch = true, .idle = false};
+    const GlobalSignals cachedSignalsConsidered{.touch = true};
     setLastBestRefreshRateInvocation(*refreshRateConfigs,
-                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.layerRequirements = std::vector<
-                                                                          LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                                  .globalSignals = {.touch = true,
+                                     GetBestRefreshRateInvocation{.globalSignals = {.touch = true,
                                                                                     .idle = true},
                                                                   .outSignalsConsidered =
                                                                           cachedSignalsConsidered,
@@ -1961,8 +1870,7 @@
 
     GlobalSignals signalsConsidered;
     EXPECT_EQ(createRefreshRate(mConfig30),
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(std::vector<LayerRequirement>(),
-                                                     {.touch = true, .idle = true},
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true},
                                                      &signalsConsidered));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cachedSignalsConsidered, signalsConsidered);
@@ -1977,8 +1885,7 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(getLastBestRefreshRateInvocation(*refreshRateConfigs).has_value());
 
     GlobalSignals globalSignals{.touch = true, .idle = true};
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     const auto lastResult =
             refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, globalSignals,
                                                    /* outSignalsConsidered */ nullptr);
@@ -2002,30 +1909,81 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
-                                                LayerRequirement{.weight = 0.5f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
     auto& explicitExactLayer = layers[0];
     auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
-    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60);
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
 
     explicitExactLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
     explicitExactLayer.name = "ExplicitExact";
-    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30);
+    explicitExactLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
 
     explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
-    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true}));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_FractionalRefreshRates_ExactAndDefault) {
+    RefreshRateConfigs::Config config = {.enableFrameRateOverride = true};
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m24_25_30_50_60WithFracDevice,
+                                                 /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, config);
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 0.5f}, {.weight = 0.5f}};
+    auto& explicitDefaultLayer = layers[0];
+    auto& explicitExactOrMultipleLayer = layers[1];
+
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.name = "ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
+    explicitExactOrMultipleLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
+
+    explicitDefaultLayer.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
+    explicitDefaultLayer.name = "ExplicitDefault";
+    explicitDefaultLayer.desiredRefreshRate = 59.94_Hz;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}));
+}
+
+// b/190578904
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_deviceWithCloseRefreshRates) {
+    constexpr int kMinRefreshRate = 10;
+    constexpr int kMaxRefreshRate = 240;
+
+    DisplayModes displayModes;
+    for (int fps = kMinRefreshRate; fps < kMaxRefreshRate; fps++) {
+        constexpr int32_t kGroup = 0;
+        const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(fps));
+        displayModes.push_back(
+                createDisplayMode(DisplayModeId(fps), kGroup, refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs()));
+    }
+
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(displayModes,
+                                                 /*currentConfigId=*/displayModes[0]->getId());
+
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
+    const auto testRefreshRate = [&](Fps fps, LayerVoteType vote) {
+        layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
+        layers[0].vote = vote;
+        EXPECT_EQ(fps.getIntValue(),
+                  refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {}).getFps().getIntValue())
+                << "Failed for " << ftl::enum_string(vote);
+    };
+
+    for (int fps = kMinRefreshRate; fps < kMaxRefreshRate; fps++) {
+        const auto refreshRate = Fps::fromValue(static_cast<float>(fps));
+        testRefreshRate(refreshRate, LayerVoteType::Heuristic);
+        testRefreshRate(refreshRate, LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault);
+        testRefreshRate(refreshRate, LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple);
+        testRefreshRate(refreshRate, LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact);
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, testComparisonOperator) {
@@ -2044,18 +2002,15 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 90), current 60Hz => TurnOn.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 60), current 60Hz => TurnOff
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(90, 90), current 90Hz => TurnOff.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {Fps(90), Fps(90)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90_Hz, 90_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 }
 
@@ -2067,23 +2022,19 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_120);
     // SetPolicy(0, 60), current 60Hz => TurnOn.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(0), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {0_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 60), current 60Hz => TurnOff.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(60)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 60_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(60, 120), current 60Hz => TurnOn.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {Fps(60), Fps(120)}}),
-              0);
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60_Hz, 120_Hz}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 
     // SetPolicy(120, 120), current 120Hz => TurnOff.
-    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
-                      {HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, {Fps(120), Fps(120)}}),
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, {120_Hz, 120_Hz}}),
               0);
     EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
 }
@@ -2093,7 +2044,7 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_30);
 
-    const auto frameRate = Fps(30.f);
+    const auto frameRate = 30_Hz;
     Fps displayRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
     EXPECT_EQ(1, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(displayRefreshRate, frameRate));
 
@@ -2115,12 +2066,38 @@
 
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentModeId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
     displayRefreshRate = refreshRateConfigs->getCurrentRefreshRate().getFps();
-    EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(displayRefreshRate, Fps(22.5f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(displayRefreshRate, 22.5_Hz));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(24.f), Fps(25.f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(24.f), Fps(23.976f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(30.f), Fps(29.97f)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(Fps(60.f), Fps(59.94f)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(24_Hz, 25_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(24_Hz, 23.976_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, RefreshRateConfigs::getFrameRateDivider(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, isFractionalPairOrMultiple) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(23.976_Hz, 24_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(24_Hz, 23.976_Hz));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(29.97_Hz, 30_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(30_Hz, 29.97_Hz));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(59.94_Hz, 60_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(60_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(29.97_Hz, 60_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(60_Hz, 29.97_Hz));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(59.94_Hz, 30_Hz));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(30_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
+
+    const auto refreshRates = {23.976_Hz, 24_Hz, 25_Hz, 29.97_Hz, 30_Hz, 50_Hz, 59.94_Hz, 60_Hz};
+    for (auto refreshRate : refreshRates) {
+        EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(refreshRate, refreshRate));
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(24_Hz, 25_Hz));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(23.978_Hz, 25_Hz));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(RefreshRateConfigs::isFractionalPairOrMultiple(29.97_Hz, 59.94_Hz));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getFrameRateOverrides_noLayers) {
@@ -2128,9 +2105,7 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{};
-    ASSERT_TRUE(refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false)
-                        .empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides({}, 120_Hz, {}).empty());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getFrameRateOverrides_60on120) {
@@ -2139,42 +2114,36 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
     layers[0].ownerUid = 1234;
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    auto frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    auto frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
@@ -2184,37 +2153,32 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{
-            LayerRequirement{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.0f},
-            LayerRequirement{.ownerUid = 5678, .weight = 1.0f},
-    };
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f},
+                                            {.ownerUid = 5678, .weight = 1.f}};
 
     layers[0].name = "Test layer 1234";
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
 
     layers[1].name = "Test layer 5678";
-    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(30.0f);
+    layers[1].desiredRefreshRate = 30_Hz;
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
-    auto frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    auto frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
 
     ASSERT_EQ(2, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(5678));
-    ASSERT_EQ(30.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(5678).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(30_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(5678));
 
     layers[1].vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[1].ownerUid = 1234;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
@@ -2224,54 +2188,44 @@
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_120, config);
 
-    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{
-            LayerRequirement{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.0f},
-    };
-
+    std::vector<LayerRequirement> layers = {{.ownerUid = 1234, .weight = 1.f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
-    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = Fps(60.0f);
+    layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 60_Hz;
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
 
-    auto frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    auto frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/true);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {.touch = true});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExact;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/true);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {.touch = true});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
     layers[0].vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/false);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {});
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.size());
     ASSERT_EQ(1, frameRateOverrides.count(1234));
-    ASSERT_EQ(60.0f, frameRateOverrides.at(1234).getValue());
+    ASSERT_EQ(60_Hz, frameRateOverrides.at(1234));
 
-    frameRateOverrides =
-            refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, Fps(120.0f), /*touch=*/true);
+    frameRateOverrides = refreshRateConfigs->getFrameRateOverrides(layers, 120_Hz, {.touch = true});
     ASSERT_TRUE(frameRateOverrides.empty());
 }
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace scheduler
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::scheduler
 
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectionTest.cpp
index 35033ea..1e6e336 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateSelectionTest.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/LayerMetadata.h>
 
-#include "BufferQueueLayer.h"
 #include "BufferStateLayer.h"
 #include "EffectLayer.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@
     static constexpr int32_t PRIORITY_UNSET = -1;
 
     void setupScheduler();
-    sp<BufferQueueLayer> createBufferQueueLayer();
     sp<BufferStateLayer> createBufferStateLayer();
     sp<EffectLayer> createEffectLayer();
 
@@ -90,24 +88,17 @@
     ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 }
 
-sp<BufferQueueLayer> RefreshRateSelectionTest::createBufferQueueLayer() {
-    sp<Client> client;
-    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-queue-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT,
-                           LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata());
-    return new BufferQueueLayer(args);
-}
 
 sp<BufferStateLayer> RefreshRateSelectionTest::createBufferStateLayer() {
     sp<Client> client;
-    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-queue-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT,
-                           LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata());
+    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-queue-layer", LAYER_FLAGS,
+                           LayerMetadata());
     return new BufferStateLayer(args);
 }
 
 sp<EffectLayer> RefreshRateSelectionTest::createEffectLayer() {
     sp<Client> client;
-    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "color-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT, LAYER_FLAGS,
-                           LayerMetadata());
+    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "color-layer", LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata());
     return new EffectLayer(args);
 }
 
@@ -149,46 +140,6 @@
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Test cases
  */
-TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectionTest, testPriorityOnBufferQueueLayers) {
-    mParent = createBufferQueueLayer();
-    mChild = createBufferQueueLayer();
-    setParent(mChild.get(), mParent.get());
-    mGrandChild = createBufferQueueLayer();
-    setParent(mGrandChild.get(), mChild.get());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(PRIORITY_UNSET, mParent->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(PRIORITY_UNSET, mChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(PRIORITY_UNSET, mGrandChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-
-    // Child has its own priority.
-    mGrandChild->setFrameRateSelectionPriority(1);
-    commitTransaction(mGrandChild.get());
-    ASSERT_EQ(PRIORITY_UNSET, mParent->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(PRIORITY_UNSET, mChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mGrandChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-
-    // Child inherits from his parent.
-    mChild->setFrameRateSelectionPriority(1);
-    commitTransaction(mChild.get());
-    mGrandChild->setFrameRateSelectionPriority(PRIORITY_UNSET);
-    commitTransaction(mGrandChild.get());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(PRIORITY_UNSET, mParent->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mGrandChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-
-    // Grandchild inherits from his grand parent.
-    mParent->setFrameRateSelectionPriority(1);
-    commitTransaction(mParent.get());
-    mChild->setFrameRateSelectionPriority(PRIORITY_UNSET);
-    commitTransaction(mChild.get());
-    mGrandChild->setFrameRateSelectionPriority(PRIORITY_UNSET);
-    commitTransaction(mGrandChild.get());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mParent->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mGrandChild->getFrameRateSelectionPriority());
-}
-
 TEST_F(RefreshRateSelectionTest, testPriorityOnBufferStateLayers) {
     mParent = createBufferStateLayer();
     mChild = createBufferStateLayer();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
index 12b155b..df4a9c4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
-
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "SchedulerUnittests"
 
@@ -35,8 +31,7 @@
 using testing::_;
 using testing::AtLeast;
 
-namespace android {
-namespace scheduler {
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
 class RefreshRateStatsTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
@@ -81,61 +76,60 @@
                                                        int64_t vsyncPeriod) {
     return DisplayMode::Builder(static_cast<hal::HWConfigId>(modeId.value()))
             .setId(modeId)
-            .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
+            .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
             .setVsyncPeriod(static_cast<int32_t>(vsyncPeriod))
             .setGroup(group)
             .build();
 }
 
 namespace {
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Test cases
- */
+
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, oneConfigTest) {
     init({createDisplayMode(CONFIG_ID_0, CONFIG_GROUP_0, VSYNC_90)});
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(0, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
-    EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
-    // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
-    // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
-    auto screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
+    auto times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("ScreenOff"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.size());
 
     // Screen is off by default.
+    std::chrono::milliseconds screenOff = times.get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0u, times.count("90.00fps"));
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
 
     const auto config0Fps = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(CONFIG_ID_0).getFps();
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::ON);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90.00fps"));
-    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0ms, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::DOZE);
-    auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90.00fps"];
+    const auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("90.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+
     // Because the power mode is not PowerMode::ON, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, twoConfigsTest) {
@@ -146,78 +140,81 @@
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(60, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
-    EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
-    // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
-    // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
-    auto screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
+    auto times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("ScreenOff"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.size());
 
     // Screen is off by default.
+    std::chrono::milliseconds screenOff = times.get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(times.contains("60.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
 
     const auto config0Fps = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(CONFIG_ID_0).getFps();
     const auto config1Fps = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromModeId(CONFIG_ID_1).getFps();
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::ON);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90.00fps"));
-    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("90.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0ms, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
 
     // When power mode is normal, time for configs updates.
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config1Fps);
-    auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90.00fps"];
+    auto ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("90.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("60.00fps"));
-    EXPECT_LT(0, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(times.contains("60.00 Hz"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0ms, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
-    auto sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60.00fps"];
+    auto sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("60.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config1Fps);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90.00fps"];
+    ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("90.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_LT(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     // Because the power mode is not PowerMode::ON, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
     mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(PowerMode::DOZE);
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config0Fps);
-    sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60.00fps"];
+    sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("60.00 Hz")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
+
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
 
     mRefreshRateStats->setRefreshRate(config1Fps);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes().get("ScreenOff")->get();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
     times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90.00fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60.00fps"]);
-}
-} // namespace
-} // namespace scheduler
-} // namespace android
 
-// TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wextra"
+    EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times.get("ScreenOff")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times.get("90.00 Hz")->get());
+    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times.get("60.00 Hz")->get());
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 5713c2f..f48abb7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -28,13 +28,17 @@
 #include "mock/MockLayer.h"
 #include "mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h"
 
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
 using testing::_;
 using testing::Return;
 
-namespace android {
 namespace {
 
-constexpr PhysicalDisplayId PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_ID(999);
+using MockEventThread = android::mock::EventThread;
+using MockLayer = android::mock::MockLayer;
+
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(255u);
 
 class SchedulerTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
@@ -44,49 +48,41 @@
               : EventThreadConnection(eventThread, /*callingUid=*/0, ResyncCallback()) {}
         ~MockEventThreadConnection() = default;
 
-        MOCK_METHOD1(stealReceiveChannel, status_t(gui::BitTube* outChannel));
-        MOCK_METHOD1(setVsyncRate, status_t(uint32_t count));
-        MOCK_METHOD0(requestNextVsync, void());
+        MOCK_METHOD1(stealReceiveChannel, binder::Status(gui::BitTube* outChannel));
+        MOCK_METHOD1(setVsyncRate, binder::Status(int count));
+        MOCK_METHOD0(requestNextVsync, binder::Status());
     };
 
     SchedulerTest();
 
     const DisplayModePtr mode60 = DisplayMode::Builder(0)
                                           .setId(DisplayModeId(0))
-                                          .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
-                                          .setVsyncPeriod(Fps(60.f).getPeriodNsecs())
+                                          .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
+                                          .setVsyncPeriod((60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
                                           .setGroup(0)
                                           .build();
     const DisplayModePtr mode120 = DisplayMode::Builder(1)
                                            .setId(DisplayModeId(1))
-                                           .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
-                                           .setVsyncPeriod(Fps(120.f).getPeriodNsecs())
+                                           .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
+                                           .setVsyncPeriod((120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
                                            .setGroup(0)
                                            .build();
 
-    std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mConfigs =
-            std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60}, mode60->getId());
+    std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> mConfigs =
+            std::make_shared<RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60}, mode60->getId());
 
     mock::SchedulerCallback mSchedulerCallback;
-
-    // The scheduler should initially disable VSYNC.
-    struct ExpectDisableVsync {
-        ExpectDisableVsync(mock::SchedulerCallback& callback) {
-            EXPECT_CALL(callback, setVsyncEnabled(false)).Times(1);
-        }
-    } mExpectDisableVsync{mSchedulerCallback};
-
     TestableScheduler* mScheduler = new TestableScheduler{mConfigs, mSchedulerCallback};
 
-    Scheduler::ConnectionHandle mConnectionHandle;
-    mock::EventThread* mEventThread;
+    ConnectionHandle mConnectionHandle;
+    MockEventThread* mEventThread;
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> mEventThreadConnection;
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
 };
 
 SchedulerTest::SchedulerTest() {
-    auto eventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
+    auto eventThread = std::make_unique<MockEventThread>();
     mEventThread = eventThread.get();
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_)).WillOnce(Return(0));
 
@@ -106,7 +102,7 @@
 } // namespace
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, invalidConnectionHandle) {
-    Scheduler::ConnectionHandle handle;
+    ConnectionHandle handle;
 
     const sp<IDisplayEventConnection> connection = mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle);
 
@@ -163,12 +159,12 @@
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, chooseRefreshRateForContentIsNoopWhenModeSwitchingIsNotSupported) {
     // The layer is registered at creation time and deregistered at destruction time.
-    sp<mock::MockLayer> layer = sp<mock::MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
+    sp<MockLayer> layer = sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
 
     // recordLayerHistory should be a noop
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(0), mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
     mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(0), mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
 
     constexpr bool kPowerStateNormal = true;
     mScheduler->setDisplayPowerState(kPowerStateNormal);
@@ -181,25 +177,23 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, updateDisplayModes) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(0), mScheduler->layerHistorySize());
-    sp<mock::MockLayer> layer = sp<mock::MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(1), mScheduler->layerHistorySize());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->layerHistorySize());
+    sp<MockLayer> layer = sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, mScheduler->layerHistorySize());
 
     mScheduler->setRefreshRateConfigs(
-            std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60, mode120},
-                                                            mode60->getId()));
+            std::make_shared<RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60, mode120}, mode60->getId()));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(0), mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
     mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(1), mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, mScheduler->getNumActiveLayers());
 }
 
-TEST_F(SchedulerTest, testDispatchCachedReportedMode) {
-    // If the optional fields are cleared, the function should return before
-    // onModeChange is called.
-    mScheduler->clearOptionalFieldsInFeatures();
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mScheduler->dispatchCachedReportedMode());
+TEST_F(SchedulerTest, dispatchCachedReportedMode) {
+    mScheduler->clearCachedReportedMode();
+
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onModeChanged(_)).Times(0);
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mScheduler->dispatchCachedReportedMode());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged_invalidParameters) {
@@ -211,31 +205,30 @@
 
     // If the handle is incorrect, the function should return before
     // onModeChange is called.
-    Scheduler::ConnectionHandle invalidHandle = {.id = 123};
+    ConnectionHandle invalidHandle = {.id = 123};
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(invalidHandle, mode));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, onModeChanged(_)).Times(0);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(60), 30ms));
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(90), 30ms));
-    EXPECT_EQ(3, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(120), 30ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(60_Hz, 30ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(90_Hz, 30ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(120_Hz, 30ms));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(60), 40ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(60_Hz, 40ms));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(Fps(60), 10ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, mFlinger.calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(60_Hz, 10ms));
 }
 
 MATCHER(Is120Hz, "") {
-    return arg.getFps().equalsWithMargin(Fps(120.f));
+    return isApproxEqual(arg.getFps(), 120_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SchedulerTest, chooseRefreshRateForContentSelectsMaxRefreshRate) {
     mScheduler->setRefreshRateConfigs(
-            std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60, mode120},
-                                                            mode60->getId()));
+            std::make_shared<RefreshRateConfigs>(DisplayModes{mode60, mode120}, mode60->getId()));
 
-    sp<mock::MockLayer> layer = sp<mock::MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
+    sp<MockLayer> layer = sp<MockLayer>::make(mFlinger.flinger());
 
     mScheduler->recordLayerHistory(layer.get(), 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
@@ -249,4 +242,4 @@
     mScheduler->chooseRefreshRateForContent();
 }
 
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
index a4e9d20..fe5f9e0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SetFrameRateTest.cpp
@@ -24,16 +24,15 @@
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
-#include "BufferQueueLayer.h"
 #include "BufferStateLayer.h"
 #include "EffectLayer.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 // TODO(b/129481165): remove the #pragma below and fix conversion issues
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop // ignored "-Wconversion"
+#include "FpsOps.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
-#include "mock/MockMessageQueue.h"
 #include "mock/MockVsyncController.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -49,6 +48,8 @@
 
 using FakeHwcDisplayInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeHwcDisplayInjector;
 
+using scheduler::LayerHistory;
+
 using FrameRate = Layer::FrameRate;
 using FrameRateCompatibility = Layer::FrameRateCompatibility;
 
@@ -65,24 +66,13 @@
     static constexpr uint32_t LAYER_FLAGS = 0;
 };
 
-class BufferQueueLayerFactory : public LayerFactory {
-public:
-    std::string name() override { return "BufferQueueLayer"; }
-    sp<Layer> createLayer(TestableSurfaceFlinger& flinger) override {
-        sp<Client> client;
-        LayerCreationArgs args(flinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-queue-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT,
-                               LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata());
-        return new BufferQueueLayer(args);
-    }
-};
-
 class BufferStateLayerFactory : public LayerFactory {
 public:
     std::string name() override { return "BufferStateLayer"; }
     sp<Layer> createLayer(TestableSurfaceFlinger& flinger) override {
         sp<Client> client;
-        LayerCreationArgs args(flinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT,
-                               LAYER_FLAGS, LayerMetadata());
+        LayerCreationArgs args(flinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", LAYER_FLAGS,
+                               LayerMetadata());
         return new BufferStateLayer(args);
     }
 };
@@ -92,7 +82,7 @@
     std::string name() override { return "EffectLayer"; }
     sp<Layer> createLayer(TestableSurfaceFlinger& flinger) override {
         sp<Client> client;
-        LayerCreationArgs args(flinger.flinger(), client, "color-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT, LAYER_FLAGS,
+        LayerCreationArgs args(flinger.flinger(), client, "color-layer", LAYER_FLAGS,
                                LayerMetadata());
         return new EffectLayer(args);
     }
@@ -108,12 +98,11 @@
  */
 class SetFrameRateTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::shared_ptr<LayerFactory>> {
 protected:
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE1 = FrameRate(Fps(67.f), FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE2 =
-            FrameRate(Fps(14.f), FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE3 = FrameRate(Fps(99.f), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_TREE = FrameRate(Fps(0.f), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
-    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE = FrameRate(Fps(0.f), FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE1 = FrameRate(67_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE2 = FrameRate(14_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_VOTE3 = FrameRate(99_Hz, FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_TREE = FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::NoVote);
+    const FrameRate FRAME_RATE_NO_VOTE = FrameRate(Fps(), FrameRateCompatibility::Default);
 
     SetFrameRateTest();
 
@@ -124,7 +113,6 @@
     void commitTransaction();
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-    mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
 
     std::vector<sp<Layer>> mLayers;
 };
@@ -134,12 +122,9 @@
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
-    mFlinger.mutableUseFrameRateApi() = true;
-
     setupScheduler();
 
     mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
-    mFlinger.mutableEventQueue().reset(mMessageQueue);
 }
 
 void SetFrameRateTest::addChild(sp<Layer> layer, sp<Layer> child) {
@@ -184,11 +169,9 @@
 }
 
 namespace {
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Test cases
- */
+
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGet) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -199,7 +182,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetParent) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -224,7 +207,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetParentAllVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -263,7 +246,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChild) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -288,7 +271,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChildAllVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -327,7 +310,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChildAddAfterVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -357,7 +340,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetChildRemoveAfterVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -388,7 +371,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, SetAndGetParentNotInTree) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
@@ -417,8 +400,7 @@
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerLayerType, SetFrameRateTest,
-                         testing::Values(std::make_shared<BufferQueueLayerFactory>(),
-                                         std::make_shared<BufferStateLayerFactory>(),
+                         testing::Values(std::make_shared<BufferStateLayerFactory>(),
                                          std::make_shared<EffectLayerFactory>()),
                          PrintToStringParamName);
 
@@ -471,24 +453,20 @@
     parent->setFrameRate(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1);
     commitTransaction();
 
-    mFlinger.mutableScheduler()
-            .mutableLayerHistory()
-            ->record(parent.get(), 0, 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    mFlinger.mutableScheduler()
-            .mutableLayerHistory()
-            ->record(child.get(), 0, 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    auto& history = mFlinger.mutableScheduler().mutableLayerHistory();
+    history.record(parent.get(), 0, 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+    history.record(child.get(), 0, 0, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
-    const auto layerHistorySummary =
-            mFlinger.mutableScheduler()
-                    .mutableLayerHistory()
-                    ->summarize(*mFlinger.mutableScheduler().refreshRateConfigs(), 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ(2u, layerHistorySummary.size());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate.equalsWithMargin(layerHistorySummary[0].desiredRefreshRate));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate.equalsWithMargin(layerHistorySummary[1].desiredRefreshRate));
+    const auto configs = mFlinger.mutableScheduler().refreshRateConfigs();
+    const auto summary = history.summarize(*configs, 0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FRAME_RATE_VOTE1.rate, summary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
 }
 
 TEST_P(SetFrameRateTest, addChildForParentWithTreeVote) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     const auto& layerFactory = GetParam();
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp
index 2362a31..f7d34ac 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_CreateDisplayTest.cpp
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Cleanup conditions
 
-    // Destroying the display invalidates the display state.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // Creating the display commits a display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CreateDisplayTest, createDisplaySetsCurrentStateForSecureDisplay) {
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Cleanup conditions
 
-    // Destroying the display invalidates the display state.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // Creating the display commits a display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 }
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp
index e2be074..c7e61c9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DestroyDisplayTest.cpp
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
     // The call should notify the interceptor that a display was created.
     EXPECT_CALL(*mSurfaceInterceptor, saveDisplayDeletion(_)).Times(1);
 
-    // Destroying the display invalidates the display state.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // Destroying the display commits a display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9796a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayModeSwitching.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
+
+#include "DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h"
+
+#include <scheduler/Fps.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace {
+
+using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::Error;
+using android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline;
+
+class DisplayModeSwitchingTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        injectFakeBufferQueueFactory();
+        injectFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory();
+
+        PrimaryDisplayVariant::setupHwcHotplugCallExpectations(this);
+        PrimaryDisplayVariant::setupFramebufferConsumerBufferQueueCallExpectations(this);
+        PrimaryDisplayVariant::setupFramebufferProducerBufferQueueCallExpectations(this);
+        PrimaryDisplayVariant::setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(this);
+        PrimaryDisplayVariant::setupHwcGetActiveConfigCallExpectations(this);
+
+        mFlinger.onComposerHalHotplug(PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, Connection::CONNECTED);
+
+        mDisplay = PrimaryDisplayVariant::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this)
+                           .setSupportedModes({kDisplayMode60, kDisplayMode90, kDisplayMode120,
+                                               kDisplayMode90DifferentResolution})
+                           .setActiveMode(kDisplayModeId60)
+                           .inject();
+
+        setupScheduler();
+
+        // isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported should return true, otherwise the SF's HWC proxy
+        // will call setActiveConfig instead of setActiveConfigWithConstraints.
+        ON_CALL(*mComposer, isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported()).WillByDefault(Return(true));
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void setupScheduler();
+    void testChangeRefreshRate(bool isDisplayActive, bool isRefreshRequired);
+
+    sp<DisplayDevice> mDisplay;
+    mock::EventThread* mAppEventThread;
+
+    const DisplayModeId kDisplayModeId60 = DisplayModeId(0);
+    const DisplayModePtr kDisplayMode60 =
+            DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId60.value()))
+                    .setId(kDisplayModeId60)
+                    .setPhysicalDisplayId(PrimaryDisplayVariant::DISPLAY_ID::get())
+                    .setVsyncPeriod((60_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
+                    .setGroup(0)
+                    .setHeight(1000)
+                    .setWidth(1000)
+                    .build();
+
+    const DisplayModeId kDisplayModeId90 = DisplayModeId(1);
+    const DisplayModePtr kDisplayMode90 =
+            DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId90.value()))
+                    .setId(kDisplayModeId90)
+                    .setPhysicalDisplayId(PrimaryDisplayVariant::DISPLAY_ID::get())
+                    .setVsyncPeriod((90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
+                    .setGroup(1)
+                    .setHeight(1000)
+                    .setWidth(1000)
+                    .build();
+
+    const DisplayModeId kDisplayModeId120 = DisplayModeId(2);
+    const DisplayModePtr kDisplayMode120 =
+            DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId120.value()))
+                    .setId(kDisplayModeId120)
+                    .setPhysicalDisplayId(PrimaryDisplayVariant::DISPLAY_ID::get())
+                    .setVsyncPeriod((120_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
+                    .setGroup(2)
+                    .setHeight(1000)
+                    .setWidth(1000)
+                    .build();
+
+    const DisplayModeId kDisplayModeId90DifferentResolution = DisplayModeId(3);
+    const DisplayModePtr kDisplayMode90DifferentResolution =
+            DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId90DifferentResolution.value()))
+                    .setId(kDisplayModeId90DifferentResolution)
+                    .setPhysicalDisplayId(PrimaryDisplayVariant::DISPLAY_ID::get())
+                    .setVsyncPeriod((90_Hz).getPeriodNsecs())
+                    .setGroup(3)
+                    .setHeight(2000)
+                    .setWidth(2000)
+                    .build();
+};
+
+void DisplayModeSwitchingTest::setupScheduler() {
+    auto eventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
+    mAppEventThread = eventThread.get();
+    auto sfEventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*eventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*eventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(new EventThreadConnection(eventThread.get(), /*callingUid=*/0,
+                                                       ResyncCallback())));
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*sfEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*sfEventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(new EventThreadConnection(sfEventThread.get(), /*callingUid=*/0,
+                                                       ResyncCallback())));
+
+    auto vsyncController = std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>();
+    auto vsyncTracker = std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>();
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, currentPeriod())
+            .WillRepeatedly(
+                    Return(TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*vsyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
+    mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker),
+                            std::move(eventThread), std::move(sfEventThread), /*callback*/ nullptr,
+                            /*hasMultipleModes*/ true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, changeRefreshRate_OnActiveDisplay_WithRefreshRequired) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId60);
+
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(mDisplay);
+
+    mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
+                                        kDisplayModeId90.value(), false, 0.f, 120.f, 0.f, 120.f);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kDisplayModeId90);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId60);
+
+    // Verify that next commit will call setActiveConfigWithConstraints in HWC
+    const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = true};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId90.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(mComposer);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId60);
+
+    // Verify that the next commit will complete the mode change and send
+    // a onModeChanged event to the framework.
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mAppEventThread, onModeChanged(kDisplayMode90));
+    mFlinger.commit();
+    Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(mAppEventThread);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId90);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, changeRefreshRate_OnActiveDisplay_WithoutRefreshRequired) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(mDisplay);
+
+    mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
+                                        kDisplayModeId90.value(), true, 0.f, 120.f, 0.f, 120.f);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kDisplayModeId90);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId60);
+
+    // Verify that next commit will call setActiveConfigWithConstraints in HWC
+    // and complete the mode change.
+    const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = false};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId90.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mAppEventThread, onModeChanged(kDisplayMode90));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId90);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, twoConsecutiveSetDesiredDisplayModeSpecs) {
+    // Test that if we call setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs while a previous mode change
+    // is still being processed the later call will be respected.
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId60);
+
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(mDisplay);
+
+    mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
+                                        kDisplayModeId90.value(), false, 0.f, 120.f, 0.f, 120.f);
+
+    const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = true};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId90.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
+                                        kDisplayModeId120.value(), false, 0.f, 180.f, 0.f, 180.f);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kDisplayModeId120);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(kDisplayModeId120.value()), _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kDisplayModeId120);
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId120);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DisplayModeSwitchingTest, changeResolution_OnActiveDisplay_WithoutRefreshRequired) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId60);
+
+    mFlinger.onActiveDisplayChanged(mDisplay);
+
+    mFlinger.setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(),
+                                        kDisplayModeId90DifferentResolution.value(), false, 0.f,
+                                        120.f, 0.f, 120.f);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode()->mode->getId(), kDisplayModeId90DifferentResolution);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId60);
+
+    // Verify that next commit will call setActiveConfigWithConstraints in HWC
+    // and complete the mode change.
+    const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline timeline{.refreshRequired = false};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                setActiveConfigWithConstraints(PrimaryDisplayVariant::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                               hal::HWConfigId(
+                                                       kDisplayModeId90DifferentResolution.value()),
+                                               _, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(timeline), Return(Error::NONE)));
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mAppEventThread, onHotplugReceived(mDisplay->getPhysicalId(), true));
+
+    // Misc expecations. We don't need to enforce these method calls, but since the helper methods
+    // already set expectations we should add new ones here, otherwise the test will fail.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, setDefaultBufferSize(2000, 2000)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerConnect(_, false)).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer, setClientTargetSlotCount(_)).WillOnce(Return(hal::Error::NONE));
+
+    // Create a new native surface to be used by the recreated display.
+    mNativeWindowSurface = nullptr;
+    injectFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory();
+    PrimaryDisplayVariant::setupNativeWindowSurfaceCreationCallExpectations(this);
+
+    const auto displayToken = mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote();
+
+    mFlinger.commit();
+
+    // The DisplayDevice will be destroyed and recreated,
+    // so we need to update with the new instance.
+    mDisplay = mFlinger.getDisplay(displayToken);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplay->getDesiredActiveMode().has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mDisplay->getActiveMode()->getId(), kDisplayModeId90DifferentResolution);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HandleTransactionLockedTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayTransactionCommitTest.cpp
similarity index 74%
rename from services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HandleTransactionLockedTest.cpp
rename to services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayTransactionCommitTest.cpp
index b713334..6959ee3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HandleTransactionLockedTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_DisplayTransactionCommitTest.cpp
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
-class HandleTransactionLockedTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
-public:
+struct DisplayTransactionCommitTest : DisplayTransactionTest {
     template <typename Case>
     void setupCommonPreconditions();
 
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@
 };
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::setupCommonPreconditions() {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::setupCommonPreconditions() {
     // Wide color displays support is configured appropriately
     Case::WideColorSupport::injectConfigChange(this);
 
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Case, bool connected>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::expectHotplugReceived(mock::EventThread* eventThread) {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::expectHotplugReceived(mock::EventThread* eventThread) {
     const auto convert = [](auto physicalDisplayId) {
         return std::make_optional(DisplayId{physicalDisplayId});
     };
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing() {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing() {
     Case::Display::setupHwcHotplugCallExpectations(this);
 
     Case::Display::setupFramebufferConsumerBufferQueueCallExpectations(this);
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing() {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing() {
     EXPECT_CALL(*mSurfaceInterceptor, saveDisplayDeletion(_)).Times(1);
 
     expectHotplugReceived<Case, false>(mEventThread);
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::verifyDisplayIsConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::verifyDisplayIsConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
     // The display device should have been set up in the list of displays.
     ASSERT_TRUE(hasDisplayDevice(displayToken));
     const auto& device = getDisplayDevice(displayToken);
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected() {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected() {
     // HWComposer should have an entry for the display
     EXPECT_TRUE(hasPhysicalHwcDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID));
 
@@ -150,14 +149,14 @@
     verifyDisplayIsConnected<Case>(displayToken);
 }
 
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(hasDisplayDevice(displayToken));
     EXPECT_FALSE(hasCurrentDisplayState(displayToken));
     EXPECT_FALSE(hasDrawingDisplayState(displayToken));
 }
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::processesHotplugConnectCommon() {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::processesHotplugConnectCommon() {
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Preconditions
 
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::ignoresHotplugConnectCommon() {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::ignoresHotplugConnectCommon() {
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Preconditions
 
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename Case>
-void HandleTransactionLockedTest::processesHotplugDisconnectCommon() {
+void DisplayTransactionCommitTest::processesHotplugDisconnectCommon() {
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Preconditions
 
@@ -238,7 +237,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -255,18 +254,18 @@
     verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(existing.token());
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugConnectPrimaryDisplay) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesHotplugConnectPrimaryDisplay) {
     processesHotplugConnectCommon<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugConnectExternalDisplay) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesHotplugConnectExternalDisplay) {
     // Inject a primary display.
     PrimaryDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
 
     processesHotplugConnectCommon<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, ignoresHotplugConnectIfPrimaryAndExternalAlreadyConnected) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, ignoresHotplugConnectIfPrimaryAndExternalAlreadyConnected) {
     // Inject both a primary and external display.
     PrimaryDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
     ExternalDisplayVariant::injectHwcDisplay(this);
@@ -281,108 +280,119 @@
     ignoresHotplugConnectCommon<SimpleTertiaryDisplayCase>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugDisconnectPrimaryDisplay) {
-    processesHotplugDisconnectCommon<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>();
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesHotplugDisconnectPrimaryDisplay) {
+    EXPECT_EXIT(processesHotplugDisconnectCommon<SimplePrimaryDisplayCase>(),
+                testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT), "Primary display cannot be disconnected.");
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugDisconnectExternalDisplay) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesHotplugDisconnectExternalDisplay) {
     processesHotplugDisconnectCommon<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugConnectThenDisconnectPrimary) {
-    using Case = SimplePrimaryDisplayCase;
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesHotplugConnectThenDisconnectPrimary) {
+    EXPECT_EXIT(
+            [this] {
+                using Case = SimplePrimaryDisplayCase;
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Preconditions
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Preconditions
 
-    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+                setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
 
-    // A hotplug connect event is enqueued for a display
-    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::CONNECTED);
-    // A hotplug disconnect event is also enqueued for the same display
-    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::DISCONNECTED);
+                // A hotplug connect event is enqueued for a display
+                Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::CONNECTED);
+                // A hotplug disconnect event is also enqueued for the same display
+                Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::DISCONNECTED);
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Call Expectations
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Call Expectations
 
-    setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing<Case>();
-    setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing<Case>();
+                setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing<Case>();
+                setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing<Case>();
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                setVsyncEnabled(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
-            .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+                EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                            setVsyncEnabled(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                            IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
+                        .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+                EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Invocation
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+                mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Postconditions
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Postconditions
 
-    // HWComposer should not have an entry for the display
-    EXPECT_FALSE(hasPhysicalHwcDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID));
+                // HWComposer should not have an entry for the display
+                EXPECT_FALSE(hasPhysicalHwcDisplay(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID));
 
-    // SF should not have a display token.
-    const auto displayId = Case::Display::DISPLAY_ID::get();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(displayId));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplayTokens().count(displayId) == 0);
+                // SF should not have a display token.
+                const auto displayId = Case::Display::DISPLAY_ID::get();
+                ASSERT_TRUE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(displayId));
+                ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplayTokens().count(displayId) == 0);
+            }(),
+            testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT), "Primary display cannot be disconnected.");
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesHotplugDisconnectThenConnectPrimary) {
-    using Case = SimplePrimaryDisplayCase;
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesHotplugDisconnectThenConnectPrimary) {
+    EXPECT_EXIT(
+            [this] {
+                using Case = SimplePrimaryDisplayCase;
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Preconditions
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Preconditions
 
-    setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
+                setupCommonPreconditions<Case>();
 
-    // The display is already completely set up.
-    Case::Display::injectHwcDisplay(this);
-    auto existing = Case::Display::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this);
-    existing.inject();
+                // The display is already completely set up.
+                Case::Display::injectHwcDisplay(this);
+                auto existing = Case::Display::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this);
+                existing.inject();
 
-    // A hotplug disconnect event is enqueued for a display
-    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::DISCONNECTED);
-    // A hotplug connect event is also enqueued for the same display
-    Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::CONNECTED);
+                // A hotplug disconnect event is enqueued for a display
+                Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::DISCONNECTED);
+                // A hotplug connect event is also enqueued for the same display
+                Case::Display::injectPendingHotplugEvent(this, Connection::CONNECTED);
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Call Expectations
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Call Expectations
 
-    setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing<Case>();
-    setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing<Case>();
+                setupCommonCallExpectationsForConnectProcessing<Case>();
+                setupCommonCallExpectationsForDisconnectProcessing<Case>();
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Invocation
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+                mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Postconditions
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Postconditions
 
-    // The existing token should have been removed
-    verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(existing.token());
-    const auto displayId = Case::Display::DISPLAY_ID::get();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(displayId));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplayTokens().count(displayId) == 1);
-    EXPECT_NE(existing.token(), mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplayTokens()[displayId]);
+                // The existing token should have been removed
+                verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(existing.token());
+                const auto displayId = Case::Display::DISPLAY_ID::get();
+                ASSERT_TRUE(PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(displayId));
+                ASSERT_TRUE(mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplayTokens().count(displayId) == 1);
+                EXPECT_NE(existing.token(), mFlinger.mutablePhysicalDisplayTokens()[displayId]);
 
-    // A new display should be connected in its place
+                // A new display should be connected in its place
 
-    verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected<Case>();
+                verifyPhysicalDisplayIsConnected<Case>();
 
-    // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Cleanup conditions
+                // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+                // Cleanup conditions
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
-                setVsyncEnabled(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID, IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
-            .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+                EXPECT_CALL(*mComposer,
+                            setVsyncEnabled(Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID,
+                                            IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE))
+                        .WillOnce(Return(Error::NONE));
+                EXPECT_CALL(*mConsumer, consumerDisconnect()).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+            }(),
+            testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT), "Primary display cannot be disconnected.");
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesVirtualDisplayAdded) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesVirtualDisplayAdded) {
     using Case = HwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -433,7 +443,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -453,7 +463,7 @@
     mFlinger.mutableDrawingState().displays.removeItem(displayToken);
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesVirtualDisplayAddedWithNoSurface) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesVirtualDisplayAddedWithNoSurface) {
     using Case = HwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -479,7 +489,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -493,7 +503,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::VIRTUAL), draw.isVirtual());
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesVirtualDisplayRemoval) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesVirtualDisplayRemoval) {
     using Case = HwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -511,7 +521,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -520,11 +530,11 @@
     verifyDisplayIsNotConnected(existing.token());
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesDisplayLayerStackChanges) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesDisplayLayerStackChanges) {
     using Case = NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
-    constexpr uint32_t oldLayerStack = 0u;
-    constexpr uint32_t newLayerStack = 123u;
+    constexpr ui::LayerStack oldLayerStack = ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK;
+    constexpr ui::LayerStack newLayerStack{123u};
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Preconditions
@@ -540,7 +550,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -548,7 +558,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(newLayerStack, display.mutableDisplayDevice()->getLayerStack());
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesDisplayTransformChanges) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesDisplayTransformChanges) {
     using Case = NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     constexpr ui::Rotation oldTransform = ui::ROTATION_0;
@@ -568,7 +578,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -576,7 +586,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(newTransform, display.mutableDisplayDevice()->getOrientation());
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesDisplayLayerStackRectChanges) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesDisplayLayerStackRectChanges) {
     using Case = NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     const Rect oldLayerStackRect(0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -596,7 +606,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -604,7 +614,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(newLayerStackRect, display.mutableDisplayDevice()->getLayerStackSpaceRect());
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesDisplayRectChanges) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesDisplayRectChanges) {
     using Case = NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     const Rect oldDisplayRect(0, 0);
@@ -624,7 +634,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Postconditions
@@ -632,7 +642,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(newDisplayRect, display.mutableDisplayDevice()->getOrientedDisplaySpaceRect());
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesDisplayWidthChanges) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesDisplayWidthChanges) {
     using Case = NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     constexpr int oldWidth = 0;
@@ -674,10 +684,10 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesDisplayHeightChanges) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesDisplayHeightChanges) {
     using Case = NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     constexpr int oldWidth = 0;
@@ -719,10 +729,10 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 }
 
-TEST_F(HandleTransactionLockedTest, processesDisplaySizeDisplayRectAndLayerStackRectChanges) {
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionCommitTest, processesDisplaySizeDisplayRectAndLayerStackRectChanges) {
     using Case = NonHwcVirtualDisplayCase;
 
     constexpr uint32_t kOldWidth = 567;
@@ -769,7 +779,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
 
-    mFlinger.handleTransactionLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
+    mFlinger.commitTransactionsLocked(eDisplayTransactionNeeded);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(display.mutableDisplayDevice()->getBounds(), kNewSize);
     EXPECT_EQ(display.mutableDisplayDevice()->getWidth(), kNewWidth);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp
index bd89397..c9a2b00 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp
@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Call Expectations
 
-    // We expect invalidate() to be invoked once to trigger display transaction
-    // processing.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // We expect a scheduled commit for the display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
@@ -86,9 +85,8 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Call Expectations
 
-    // We expect invalidate() to be invoked once to trigger display transaction
-    // processing.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // We expect a scheduled commit for the display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyPowerBoostTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyPowerBoostTest.cpp
index 69e0501..ec7e8a7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyPowerBoostTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_NotifyPowerBoostTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
 
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
 #include "DisplayTransactionTestHelpers.h"
 
 #include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
@@ -27,6 +30,8 @@
 using android::hardware::power::Boost;
 
 TEST_F(DisplayTransactionTest, notifyPowerBoostNotifiesTouchEvent) {
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
     mFlinger.scheduler()->replaceTouchTimer(100);
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(10ms);                  // wait for callback to be triggered
     EXPECT_TRUE(mFlinger.scheduler()->isTouchActive()); // Starting timer activates touch
@@ -47,4 +52,4 @@
 }
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
index ef8b149..37cf05e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_OnInitializeDisplaysTest.cpp
@@ -46,9 +46,8 @@
     // We expect a call to get the active display config.
     Case::Display::setupHwcGetActiveConfigCallExpectations(this);
 
-    // We expect invalidate() to be invoked once to trigger display transaction
-    // processing.
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    // We expect a scheduled commit for the display transaction.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncTracker, nextAnticipatedVSyncTimeFrom(_)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
 
@@ -63,15 +62,11 @@
     // The primary display should have a current state
     ASSERT_TRUE(hasCurrentDisplayState(primaryDisplay.token()));
     const auto& primaryDisplayState = getCurrentDisplayState(primaryDisplay.token());
-    // The layer stack state should be set to zero
-    EXPECT_EQ(0u, primaryDisplayState.layerStack);
-    // The orientation state should be set to zero
+
+    // The primary display state should be reset
+    EXPECT_EQ(ui::DEFAULT_LAYER_STACK, primaryDisplayState.layerStack);
     EXPECT_EQ(ui::ROTATION_0, primaryDisplayState.orientation);
-
-    // The orientedDisplaySpaceRect state should be set to INVALID
     EXPECT_EQ(Rect::INVALID_RECT, primaryDisplayState.orientedDisplaySpaceRect);
-
-    // The layerStackSpaceRect state should be set to INVALID
     EXPECT_EQ(Rect::INVALID_RECT, primaryDisplayState.layerStackSpaceRect);
 
     // The width and height should both be zero
@@ -99,4 +94,4 @@
 }
 
 } // namespace
-} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetDisplayStateTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetDisplayStateTest.cpp
index fc40818..7d9e22b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetDisplayStateTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetDisplayStateTest.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
+constexpr ui::LayerStack LAYER_STACK{456u};
+
 class SetDisplayStateLockedTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {};
 
 TEST_F(SetDisplayStateLockedTest, setDisplayStateLockedDoesNothingWithUnknownDisplay) {
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
     DisplayState state;
     state.what = DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged;
     state.token = displayToken;
-    state.layerStack = 456;
+    state.layerStack = LAYER_STACK;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
@@ -167,13 +169,13 @@
     display.inject();
 
     // The display has a layer stack set
-    display.mutableCurrentDisplayState().layerStack = 456u;
+    display.mutableCurrentDisplayState().layerStack = LAYER_STACK;
 
     // The incoming request sets the same layer stack
     DisplayState state;
     state.what = DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged;
     state.token = display.token();
-    state.layerStack = 456u;
+    state.layerStack = LAYER_STACK;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0u, flags);
 
     // The current display state is unchanged
-    EXPECT_EQ(456u, display.getCurrentDisplayState().layerStack);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LAYER_STACK, display.getCurrentDisplayState().layerStack);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SetDisplayStateLockedTest, setDisplayStateLockedRequestsUpdateIfLayerStackChanged) {
@@ -201,13 +203,13 @@
     display.inject();
 
     // The display has a layer stack set
-    display.mutableCurrentDisplayState().layerStack = 654u;
+    display.mutableCurrentDisplayState().layerStack = ui::LayerStack{LAYER_STACK.id + 1};
 
     // The incoming request sets a different layer stack
     DisplayState state;
     state.what = DisplayState::eLayerStackChanged;
     state.token = display.token();
-    state.layerStack = 456u;
+    state.layerStack = LAYER_STACK;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Invocation
@@ -221,7 +223,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(eDisplayTransactionNeeded, flags);
 
     // The desired display state has been set to the new value.
-    EXPECT_EQ(456u, display.getCurrentDisplayState().layerStack);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LAYER_STACK, display.getCurrentDisplayState().layerStack);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SetDisplayStateLockedTest, setDisplayStateLockedDoesNothingIfFlagsNotChanged) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
index eea1002..b57feff 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetPowerModeInternalTest.cpp
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
     }
 
     static void setupRepaintEverythingCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*test->mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
     }
 
     static void setupSurfaceInterceptorCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp
index e32c4bf..38dceb9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
     static constexpr bool WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORTED = true;
 
     static void injectConfigChange(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
-        test->mFlinger.mutableUseColorManagement() = true;
         test->mFlinger.mutableHasWideColorDisplay() = true;
         test->mFlinger.mutableDisplayColorSetting() = DisplayColorSetting::kUnmanaged;
     }
@@ -257,6 +256,7 @@
     }
 
     state.isSecure = static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE);
+    state.flags = Case::Display::DISPLAY_FLAGS;
 
     auto device = mFlinger.setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(displayToken, compositionDisplay, state,
                                                          displaySurface, producer);
@@ -279,6 +279,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(Case::HdrSupport::HDR_DOLBY_VISION_SUPPORTED, device->hasDolbyVisionSupport());
     EXPECT_EQ(Case::PerFrameMetadataSupport::PER_FRAME_METADATA_KEYS,
               device->getSupportedPerFrameMetadata());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Case::Display::DISPLAY_FLAGS & DisplayDevice::eReceivesInput,
+              device->receivesInput());
 
     if constexpr (Case::Display::CONNECTION_TYPE::value) {
         EXPECT_EQ(1, device->getSupportedModes().size());
@@ -292,7 +294,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createSimpleExternalDisplay) {
-    setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>();
+    // External displays must be secondary, as the primary display cannot be disconnected.
+    EXPECT_EXIT(setupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest<SimpleExternalDisplayCase>(),
+                testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT), "Missing primary display");
 }
 
 TEST_F(SetupNewDisplayDeviceInternalTest, createNonHwcVirtualDisplay) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index 1d21bd4..364d8f1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -28,23 +28,30 @@
 #include "mock/MockVSyncTracker.h"
 #include "mock/MockVsyncController.h"
 
-namespace android {
+namespace android::scheduler {
 
-class TestableScheduler : public Scheduler {
+class TestableScheduler : public Scheduler, private ICompositor {
 public:
-    TestableScheduler(const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& refreshRateConfigs,
-                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+    TestableScheduler(std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> configs, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
           : TestableScheduler(std::make_unique<mock::VsyncController>(),
-                              std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(), refreshRateConfigs,
+                              std::make_unique<mock::VSyncTracker>(), std::move(configs),
                               callback) {}
 
-    TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncController> vsyncController,
-                      std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> vsyncTracker,
-                      const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>& refreshRateConfigs,
-                      ISchedulerCallback& callback)
-          : Scheduler({std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker), nullptr},
-                      refreshRateConfigs, callback, createLayerHistory(),
-                      {.useContentDetection = true}) {}
+    TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<VsyncController> controller,
+                      std::unique_ptr<VSyncTracker> tracker,
+                      std::shared_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> configs, ISchedulerCallback& callback)
+          : Scheduler(*this, callback, Feature::kContentDetection) {
+        mVsyncSchedule.emplace(VsyncSchedule(std::move(tracker), nullptr, std::move(controller)));
+        setRefreshRateConfigs(std::move(configs));
+
+        ON_CALL(*this, postMessage).WillByDefault([](sp<MessageHandler>&& handler) {
+            // Execute task to prevent broken promise exception on destruction.
+            handler->handleMessage(Message());
+        });
+    }
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, scheduleFrame, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, postMessage, (sp<MessageHandler>&&), (override));
 
     // Used to inject mock event thread.
     ConnectionHandle createConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread> eventThread) {
@@ -58,20 +65,16 @@
     auto& mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled() { return mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled; }
     auto& mutableHWVsyncAvailable() { return mHWVsyncAvailable; }
 
-    bool hasLayerHistory() const { return static_cast<bool>(mLayerHistory); }
-
-    auto* mutableLayerHistory() { return mLayerHistory.get(); }
+    auto& mutableLayerHistory() { return mLayerHistory; }
 
     size_t layerHistorySize() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        if (!mLayerHistory) return 0;
-        return mutableLayerHistory()->mLayerInfos.size();
+        return mLayerHistory.mActiveLayerInfos.size() + mLayerHistory.mInactiveLayerInfos.size();
     }
 
     auto refreshRateConfigs() { return holdRefreshRateConfigs(); }
 
     size_t getNumActiveLayers() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-        if (!mLayerHistory) return 0;
-        return mutableLayerHistory()->mActiveLayersEnd;
+        return mLayerHistory.mActiveLayerInfos.size();
     }
 
     void replaceTouchTimer(int64_t millis) {
@@ -86,32 +89,29 @@
     }
 
     bool isTouchActive() {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
-        return mFeatures.touch == Scheduler::TouchState::Active;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
+        return mPolicy.touch == Scheduler::TouchState::Active;
     }
 
     void dispatchCachedReportedMode() {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
         return Scheduler::dispatchCachedReportedMode();
     }
 
-    void clearOptionalFieldsInFeatures() {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
-        mFeatures.cachedModeChangedParams.reset();
+    void clearCachedReportedMode() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mPolicyLock);
+        mPolicy.cachedModeChangedParams.reset();
     }
 
     void onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, DisplayModePtr mode) {
         return Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayModeChanged(handle, mode);
     }
 
-    ~TestableScheduler() {
-        // All these pointer and container clears help ensure that GMock does
-        // not report a leaked object, since the Scheduler instance may
-        // still be referenced by something despite our best efforts to destroy
-        // it after each test is done.
-        mVsyncSchedule.controller.reset();
-        mConnections.clear();
-    }
+private:
+    // ICompositor overrides:
+    bool commit(nsecs_t, int64_t, nsecs_t) override { return false; }
+    void composite(nsecs_t) override {}
+    void sample() override {}
 };
 
-} // namespace android
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index a23361e..100a78d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <compositionengine/impl/OutputLayerCompositionState.h>
 #include <compositionengine/mock/DisplaySurface.h>
 #include <gui/ScreenCaptureResults.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 
 #include "BufferQueueLayer.h"
 #include "BufferStateLayer.h"
@@ -73,20 +74,11 @@
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueue> createMessageQueue() override {
-        return std::make_unique<android::impl::MessageQueue>();
-    }
-
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VsyncConfiguration> createVsyncConfiguration(
             Fps /*currentRefreshRate*/) override {
         return std::make_unique<scheduler::FakePhaseOffsets>();
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Scheduler> createScheduler(
-            const std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>&, ISchedulerCallback&) override {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
     sp<SurfaceInterceptor> createSurfaceInterceptor() override {
         return new android::impl::SurfaceInterceptor();
     }
@@ -178,12 +170,12 @@
 
 } // namespace surfaceflinger::test
 
-class TestableSurfaceFlinger final : private ISchedulerCallback {
+class TestableSurfaceFlinger final : private scheduler::ISchedulerCallback {
 public:
     using HotplugEvent = SurfaceFlinger::HotplugEvent;
 
     SurfaceFlinger* flinger() { return mFlinger.get(); }
-    TestableScheduler* scheduler() { return mScheduler; }
+    scheduler::TestableScheduler* scheduler() { return mScheduler; }
 
     // Extend this as needed for accessing SurfaceFlinger private (and public)
     // functions.
@@ -206,10 +198,11 @@
                         std::unique_ptr<scheduler::VSyncTracker> vsyncTracker,
                         std::unique_ptr<EventThread> appEventThread,
                         std::unique_ptr<EventThread> sfEventThread,
-                        ISchedulerCallback* callback = nullptr, bool hasMultipleModes = false) {
+                        scheduler::ISchedulerCallback* callback = nullptr,
+                        bool hasMultipleModes = false) {
         DisplayModes modes{DisplayMode::Builder(0)
                                    .setId(DisplayModeId(0))
-                                   .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
+                                   .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
                                    .setVsyncPeriod(16'666'667)
                                    .setGroup(0)
                                    .build()};
@@ -217,7 +210,7 @@
         if (hasMultipleModes) {
             modes.emplace_back(DisplayMode::Builder(1)
                                        .setId(DisplayModeId(1))
-                                       .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
+                                       .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
                                        .setVsyncPeriod(11'111'111)
                                        .setGroup(0)
                                        .build());
@@ -233,17 +226,18 @@
                 std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger->mTimeStats, currFps,
                                                               /*powerMode=*/hal::PowerMode::OFF);
 
-        mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(std::move(vsyncController), std::move(vsyncTracker),
-                                           mRefreshRateConfigs, *(callback ?: this));
+        mScheduler = new scheduler::TestableScheduler(std::move(vsyncController),
+                                                      std::move(vsyncTracker), mRefreshRateConfigs,
+                                                      *(callback ?: this));
 
         mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(appEventThread));
         mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection(std::move(sfEventThread));
         resetScheduler(mScheduler);
     }
 
-    void resetScheduler(Scheduler* scheduler) { mFlinger->mScheduler.reset(scheduler); }
+    void resetScheduler(scheduler::Scheduler* scheduler) { mFlinger->mScheduler.reset(scheduler); }
 
-    TestableScheduler& mutableScheduler() const { return *mScheduler; }
+    scheduler::TestableScheduler& mutableScheduler() const { return *mScheduler; }
 
     using CreateBufferQueueFunction = surfaceflinger::test::Factory::CreateBufferQueueFunction;
     void setCreateBufferQueueFunction(CreateBufferQueueFunction f) {
@@ -296,6 +290,16 @@
      * Forwarding for functions being tested
      */
 
+    nsecs_t commit() {
+        constexpr int64_t kVsyncId = 123;
+        const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
+        const nsecs_t expectedVsyncTime = now + 10'000'000;
+        mFlinger->commit(now, kVsyncId, expectedVsyncTime);
+        return now;
+    }
+
+    void commitAndComposite() { mFlinger->composite(commit()); }
+
     auto createDisplay(const String8& displayName, bool secure) {
         return mFlinger->createDisplay(displayName, secure);
     }
@@ -304,6 +308,11 @@
         return mFlinger->destroyDisplay(displayToken);
     }
 
+    auto getDisplay(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken) {
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mFlinger->mStateLock);
+        return mFlinger->getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken);
+    }
+
     void enableHalVirtualDisplays(bool enable) { mFlinger->enableHalVirtualDisplays(enable); }
 
     auto setupNewDisplayDeviceInternal(
@@ -316,9 +325,9 @@
                                                        dispSurface, producer);
     }
 
-    auto handleTransactionLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mFlinger->mStateLock);
-        return mFlinger->handleTransactionLocked(transactionFlags);
+    auto commitTransactionsLocked(uint32_t transactionFlags) {
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mFlinger->mStateLock);
+        return mFlinger->commitTransactionsLocked(transactionFlags);
     }
 
     void onComposerHalHotplug(hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId, hal::Connection connection) {
@@ -326,7 +335,7 @@
     }
 
     auto setDisplayStateLocked(const DisplayState& s) {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mFlinger->mStateLock);
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mFlinger->mStateLock);
         return mFlinger->setDisplayStateLocked(s);
     }
 
@@ -343,10 +352,6 @@
         return mFlinger->setPowerModeInternal(display, mode);
     }
 
-    auto onMessageReceived(int32_t what) {
-        return mFlinger->onMessageReceived(what, /*vsyncId=*/0, systemTime());
-    }
-
     auto renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
                                 SurfaceFlinger::TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
                                 const std::shared_ptr<renderengine::ExternalTexture>& buffer,
@@ -369,6 +374,7 @@
 
     auto& getTransactionQueue() { return mFlinger->mTransactionQueue; }
     auto& getPendingTransactionQueue() { return mFlinger->mPendingTransactionQueues; }
+    auto& getTransactionCommittedSignals() { return mFlinger->mTransactionCommittedSignals; }
 
     auto setTransactionState(
             const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo, const Vector<ComposerState>& states,
@@ -382,7 +388,7 @@
                                              listenerCallbacks, transactionId);
     }
 
-    auto flushTransactionQueues() { return mFlinger->flushTransactionQueues(); };
+    auto flushTransactionQueues() { return mFlinger->flushTransactionQueues(0); };
 
     auto onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
         return mFlinger->onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
@@ -395,6 +401,21 @@
         return SurfaceFlinger::calculateMaxAcquiredBufferCount(refreshRate, presentLatency);
     }
 
+    auto setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, ui::DisplayModeId defaultMode,
+                                    bool allowGroupSwitching, float primaryRefreshRateMin,
+                                    float primaryRefreshRateMax, float appRequestRefreshRateMin,
+                                    float appRequestRefreshRateMax) {
+        return mFlinger->setDesiredDisplayModeSpecs(displayToken, defaultMode, allowGroupSwitching,
+                                                    primaryRefreshRateMin, primaryRefreshRateMax,
+                                                    appRequestRefreshRateMin,
+                                                    appRequestRefreshRateMax);
+    }
+
+    void onActiveDisplayChanged(const sp<DisplayDevice>& activeDisplay) {
+        Mutex::Autolock lock(mFlinger->mStateLock);
+        mFlinger->onActiveDisplayChangedLocked(activeDisplay);
+    }
+
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Read-only access to private data to assert post-conditions.
      */
@@ -419,14 +440,12 @@
      */
 
     auto& mutableHasWideColorDisplay() { return SurfaceFlinger::hasWideColorDisplay; }
-    auto& mutableUseColorManagement() { return SurfaceFlinger::useColorManagement; }
 
     auto& mutableCurrentState() { return mFlinger->mCurrentState; }
     auto& mutableDisplayColorSetting() { return mFlinger->mDisplayColorSetting; }
     auto& mutableDisplays() { return mFlinger->mDisplays; }
     auto& mutableDrawingState() { return mFlinger->mDrawingState; }
-    auto& mutableEventQueue() { return mFlinger->mEventQueue; }
-    auto& mutableGeometryInvalid() { return mFlinger->mGeometryInvalid; }
+    auto& mutableGeometryDirty() { return mFlinger->mGeometryDirty; }
     auto& mutableInterceptor() { return mFlinger->mInterceptor; }
     auto& mutableMainThreadId() { return mFlinger->mMainThreadId; }
     auto& mutablePendingHotplugEvents() { return mFlinger->mPendingHotplugEvents; }
@@ -439,9 +458,7 @@
 
     auto& mutableHwcDisplayData() { return getHwComposer().mDisplayData; }
     auto& mutableHwcPhysicalDisplayIdMap() { return getHwComposer().mPhysicalDisplayIdMap; }
-    auto& mutableInternalHwcDisplayId() { return getHwComposer().mInternalHwcDisplayId; }
-    auto& mutableExternalHwcDisplayId() { return getHwComposer().mExternalHwcDisplayId; }
-    auto& mutableUseFrameRateApi() { return mFlinger->useFrameRateApi; }
+    auto& mutablePrimaryHwcDisplayId() { return getHwComposer().mPrimaryHwcDisplayId; }
     auto& mutableActiveDisplayToken() { return mFlinger->mActiveDisplayToken; }
 
     auto fromHandle(const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
@@ -456,7 +473,6 @@
         mutableDisplays().clear();
         mutableCurrentState().displays.clear();
         mutableDrawingState().displays.clear();
-        mutableEventQueue().reset();
         mutableInterceptor().clear();
         mFlinger->mScheduler.reset();
         mFlinger->mCompositionEngine->setHwComposer(std::unique_ptr<HWComposer>());
@@ -487,7 +503,7 @@
         static constexpr hal::HWDisplayId DEFAULT_HWC_DISPLAY_ID = 1000;
         static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_WIDTH = 1920;
         static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 1280;
-        static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD = 16'666'666;
+        static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD = 16'666'667;
         static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_CONFIG_GROUP = 7;
         static constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_DPI = 320;
         static constexpr hal::HWConfigId DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONFIG = 0;
@@ -601,13 +617,12 @@
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!physicalId);
                 flinger->mutableHwcPhysicalDisplayIdMap().emplace(mHwcDisplayId, *physicalId);
                 if (mIsPrimary) {
-                    flinger->mutableInternalHwcDisplayId() = mHwcDisplayId;
+                    flinger->mutablePrimaryHwcDisplayId() = mHwcDisplayId;
                 } else {
-                    // If there is an external HWC display there should always be an internal ID
+                    // If there is an external HWC display, there should always be a primary ID
                     // as well. Set it to some arbitrary value.
-                    auto& internalId = flinger->mutableInternalHwcDisplayId();
-                    if (!internalId) internalId = mHwcDisplayId - 1;
-                    flinger->mutableExternalHwcDisplayId() = mHwcDisplayId;
+                    auto& primaryId = flinger->mutablePrimaryHwcDisplayId();
+                    if (!primaryId) primaryId = mHwcDisplayId - 1;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -642,11 +657,11 @@
             mCreationArgs.connectionType = connectionType;
             mCreationArgs.isPrimary = isPrimary;
 
-            mActiveModeId = DisplayModeId(0);
+            mCreationArgs.activeModeId = DisplayModeId(0);
             DisplayModePtr activeMode =
                     DisplayMode::Builder(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_ACTIVE_CONFIG)
-                            .setId(mActiveModeId)
-                            .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId(0))
+                            .setId(mCreationArgs.activeModeId)
+                            .setPhysicalDisplayId(PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(0))
                             .setWidth(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_WIDTH)
                             .setHeight(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_HEIGHT)
                             .setVsyncPeriod(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD)
@@ -681,7 +696,7 @@
         auto& mutableDisplayDevice() { return mFlinger.mutableDisplays()[mDisplayToken]; }
 
         auto& setActiveMode(DisplayModeId mode) {
-            mActiveModeId = mode;
+            mCreationArgs.activeModeId = mode;
             return *this;
         }
 
@@ -736,14 +751,29 @@
                 const auto physicalId = PhysicalDisplayId::tryCast(*displayId);
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!physicalId);
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mHwcDisplayId);
-                state.physical = {.id = *physicalId, .type = *type, .hwcDisplayId = *mHwcDisplayId};
+
+                const DisplayModePtr activeModePtr =
+                        *std::find_if(mCreationArgs.supportedModes.begin(),
+                                      mCreationArgs.supportedModes.end(), [&](DisplayModePtr mode) {
+                                          return mode->getId() == mCreationArgs.activeModeId;
+                                      });
+                state.physical = {.id = *physicalId,
+                                  .type = *type,
+                                  .hwcDisplayId = *mHwcDisplayId,
+                                  .deviceProductInfo = {},
+                                  .supportedModes = mCreationArgs.supportedModes,
+                                  .activeMode = activeModePtr};
             }
 
             state.isSecure = mCreationArgs.isSecure;
 
+            mCreationArgs.refreshRateConfigs =
+                    std::make_shared<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(mCreationArgs.supportedModes,
+                                                                    mCreationArgs.activeModeId);
+
             sp<DisplayDevice> device = new DisplayDevice(mCreationArgs);
             if (!device->isVirtual()) {
-                device->setActiveMode(mActiveModeId);
+                device->setActiveMode(mCreationArgs.activeModeId);
             }
             mFlinger.mutableDisplays().emplace(mDisplayToken, device);
             mFlinger.mutableCurrentState().displays.add(mDisplayToken, state);
@@ -761,19 +791,18 @@
         sp<BBinder> mDisplayToken = new BBinder();
         DisplayDeviceCreationArgs mCreationArgs;
         const std::optional<hal::HWDisplayId> mHwcDisplayId;
-        DisplayModeId mActiveModeId;
     };
 
 private:
+    void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) override {}
     void setVsyncEnabled(bool) override {}
-    void changeRefreshRate(const Scheduler::RefreshRate&, Scheduler::ModeEvent) override {}
-    void repaintEverythingForHWC() override {}
+    void changeRefreshRate(const RefreshRate&, DisplayModeEvent) override {}
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool) override {}
     void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() {}
 
     surfaceflinger::test::Factory mFactory;
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger = new SurfaceFlinger(mFactory, SurfaceFlinger::SkipInitialization);
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler = nullptr;
+    scheduler::TestableScheduler* mScheduler = nullptr;
     std::shared_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
 };
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
index 317cdf1..0ef8456 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
@@ -64,17 +64,15 @@
 #define LAYER_ID_0            0
 #define LAYER_ID_1            1
 #define UID_0                 123
-#define REFRESH_RATE_0        61
-#define RENDER_RATE_0         31
 #define REFRESH_RATE_BUCKET_0 60
 #define RENDER_RATE_BUCKET_0  30
 #define LAYER_ID_INVALID      -1
 #define NUM_LAYERS            1
 #define NUM_LAYERS_INVALID    "INVALID"
 
-const constexpr Fps kRefreshRate0 = Fps(static_cast<float>(REFRESH_RATE_0));
-const constexpr Fps kRenderRate0 = Fps(static_cast<float>(RENDER_RATE_0));
-static constexpr int32_t kGameMode = TimeStatsHelper::GameModeUnsupported;
+constexpr Fps kRefreshRate0 = 61_Hz;
+constexpr Fps kRenderRate0 = 31_Hz;
+constexpr GameMode kGameMode = GameMode::Unsupported;
 
 enum InputCommand : int32_t {
     ENABLE                 = 0,
@@ -147,14 +145,14 @@
     std::string inputCommand(InputCommand cmd, bool useProto);
 
     void setTimeStamp(TimeStamp type, int32_t id, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t ts,
-                      TimeStats::SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode);
+                      TimeStats::SetFrameRateVote, GameMode);
 
     int32_t genRandomInt32(int32_t begin, int32_t end);
 
     template <size_t N>
     void insertTimeRecord(const TimeStamp (&sequence)[N], int32_t id, uint64_t frameNumber,
                           nsecs_t ts, TimeStats::SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote = {},
-                          int32_t gameMode = kGameMode) {
+                          GameMode gameMode = kGameMode) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++, ts += 1000000) {
             setTimeStamp(sequence[i], id, frameNumber, ts, frameRateVote, gameMode);
         }
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@
 }
 
 void TimeStatsTest::setTimeStamp(TimeStamp type, int32_t id, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t ts,
-                                 TimeStats::SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, int32_t gameMode) {
+                                 TimeStats::SetFrameRateVote frameRateVote, GameMode gameMode) {
     switch (type) {
         case TimeStamp::POST:
             ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mTimeStats->setPostTime(id, frameNumber, genLayerName(id),
@@ -1170,8 +1168,7 @@
     constexpr nsecs_t APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS = 3'000'000;
     EXPECT_TRUE(inputCommand(InputCommand::ENABLE, FMT_STRING).empty());
 
-    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 1, 1000000, {},
-                     TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 1, 1000000, {}, GameMode::Standard);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < LATE_ACQUIRE_FRAMES; i++) {
         mTimeStats->incrementLatchSkipped(LAYER_ID_0, TimeStats::LatchSkipReason::LateAcquire);
     }
@@ -1184,42 +1181,39 @@
                     TimeStats::SetFrameRateVote::FrameRateCompatibility::ExactOrMultiple,
             .seamlessness = TimeStats::SetFrameRateVote::Seamlessness::NotRequired,
     };
-    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 2, 2000000, frameRate60,
-                     TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 2, 2000000, frameRate60, GameMode::Standard);
 
-    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames(
-            {kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-             TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard, JankType::SurfaceFlingerCpuDeadlineMissed,
-             DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
-    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames(
-            {kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-             TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard, JankType::SurfaceFlingerGpuDeadlineMissed,
-             DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard, JankType::DisplayHAL,
+                                      GameMode::Standard, JankType::SurfaceFlingerCpuDeadlineMissed,
                                       DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
                                       APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
     mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard,
-                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+                                      GameMode::Standard, JankType::SurfaceFlingerGpuDeadlineMissed,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
+    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
+                                      GameMode::Standard, JankType::DisplayHAL,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
+    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
+                                      GameMode::Standard, JankType::AppDeadlineMissed,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
+    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
+                                      GameMode::Standard, JankType::SurfaceFlingerScheduling,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
+    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
+                                      GameMode::Standard, JankType::PredictionError,
+                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
+                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
+    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames(
+            {kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0), GameMode::Standard,
+             JankType::AppDeadlineMissed | JankType::BufferStuffing, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
+             APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
+    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
+                                      GameMode::Standard, JankType::None, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
                                       DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
-    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard,
-                                      JankType::SurfaceFlingerScheduling, DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA,
-                                      DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
-    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard, JankType::PredictionError,
-                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
-                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
-    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard,
-                                      JankType::AppDeadlineMissed | JankType::BufferStuffing,
-                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS,
-                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_2MS});
-    mTimeStats->incrementJankyFrames({kRefreshRate0, kRenderRate0, UID_0, genLayerName(LAYER_ID_0),
-                                      TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard, JankType::None,
-                                      DISPLAY_DEADLINE_DELTA, DISPLAY_PRESENT_JITTER,
-                                      APP_DEADLINE_DELTA_3MS});
 
     std::string pulledData;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mTimeStats->onPullAtom(10063 /*SURFACEFLINGER_STATS_LAYER_INFO*/, &pulledData));
@@ -1295,22 +1289,18 @@
     constexpr size_t BAD_DESIRED_PRESENT_FRAMES = 3;
     EXPECT_TRUE(inputCommand(InputCommand::ENABLE, FMT_STRING).empty());
 
-    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 1, 1000000, {},
-                     TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 1, 1000000, {}, GameMode::Standard);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < LATE_ACQUIRE_FRAMES; i++) {
         mTimeStats->incrementLatchSkipped(LAYER_ID_0, TimeStats::LatchSkipReason::LateAcquire);
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < BAD_DESIRED_PRESENT_FRAMES; i++) {
         mTimeStats->incrementBadDesiredPresent(LAYER_ID_0);
     }
-    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 2, 2000000, {},
-                     TimeStatsHelper::GameModeStandard);
 
-    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 3, 3000000, {},
-                     TimeStatsHelper::GameModePerformance);
-
-    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 4, 4000000, {}, TimeStatsHelper::GameModeBattery);
-    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 5, 4000000, {}, TimeStatsHelper::GameModeBattery);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 2, 2000000, {}, GameMode::Standard);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 3, 3000000, {}, GameMode::Performance);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 4, 4000000, {}, GameMode::Battery);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 5, 4000000, {}, GameMode::Battery);
 
     std::string pulledData;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mTimeStats->onPullAtom(10063 /*SURFACEFLINGER_STATS_LAYER_INFO*/, &pulledData));
@@ -1498,14 +1488,14 @@
         EXPECT_THAT(result, HasSubstr(expectedResult)) << "failed for " << fps;
     };
 
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(91.f), 90);
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(89.f), 90);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(91_Hz, 90);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(89_Hz, 90);
 
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(61.f), 60);
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(59.f), 60);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(61_Hz, 60);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(59_Hz, 60);
 
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(31.f), 30);
-    verifyRefreshRateBucket(Fps(29.f), 30);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(31_Hz, 30);
+    verifyRefreshRateBucket(29_Hz, 30);
 }
 
 } // namespace
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
index 1a50427..16d4b59 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include <ui/MockFence.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 
-#include "TestableScheduler.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
-#include "mock/MockMessageQueue.h"
 #include "mock/MockVsyncController.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@
                 ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
         ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
-        mFlinger.mutableEventQueue().reset(mMessageQueue);
         setupScheduler();
     }
 
@@ -74,20 +72,27 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*mVSyncTracker, currentPeriod())
                 .WillRepeatedly(Return(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_VSYNC_PERIOD));
 
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceUnsignaled, getStatus())
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Unsignaled));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceUnsignaled2, getStatus())
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Unsignaled));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceSignaled, getStatus()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Signaled));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mFenceSignaled2, getStatus()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Fence::Status::Signaled));
+
         mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
         mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<mock::VsyncController>(mVsyncController),
                                 std::unique_ptr<mock::VSyncTracker>(mVSyncTracker),
                                 std::move(eventThread), std::move(sfEventThread));
     }
 
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler;
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<mock::EventThread> mEventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
-
-    mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
     mock::VsyncController* mVsyncController = new mock::VsyncController();
     mock::VSyncTracker* mVSyncTracker = new mock::VSyncTracker();
+    mock::MockFence* mFenceUnsignaled = new mock::MockFence();
+    mock::MockFence* mFenceSignaled = new mock::MockFence();
+    mock::MockFence* mFenceUnsignaled2 = new mock::MockFence();
+    mock::MockFence* mFenceSignaled2 = new mock::MockFence();
 
     struct TransactionInfo {
         Vector<ComposerState> states;
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@
         static_assert(0xffffffffffffffff == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1));
     };
 
-    void checkEqual(TransactionInfo info, SurfaceFlinger::TransactionState state) {
+    void checkEqual(TransactionInfo info, TransactionState state) {
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, info.states.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, state.states.size());
 
@@ -124,10 +129,18 @@
         transaction.frameTimelineInfo = frameTimelineInfo;
     }
 
+    void setupSingleWithComposer(TransactionInfo& transaction, uint32_t flags,
+                                 bool syncInputWindows, int64_t desiredPresentTime,
+                                 bool isAutoTimestamp, const FrameTimelineInfo& frameTimelineInfo,
+                                 const Vector<ComposerState>* states) {
+        setupSingle(transaction, flags, syncInputWindows, desiredPresentTime, isAutoTimestamp,
+                    frameTimelineInfo);
+        transaction.states = *states;
+    }
+
     void NotPlacedOnTransactionQueue(uint32_t flags, bool syncInputWindows) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
         TransactionInfo transaction;
         setupSingle(transaction, flags, syncInputWindows,
                     /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
@@ -157,8 +170,7 @@
 
     void PlaceOnTransactionQueue(uint32_t flags, bool syncInputWindows) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
         // first check will see desired present time has not passed,
         // but afterwards it will look like the desired present time has passed
@@ -187,12 +199,11 @@
 
     void BlockedByPriorTransaction(uint32_t flags, bool syncInputWindows) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-        // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
         nsecs_t time = systemTime();
         if (!syncInputWindows) {
-            EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(2);
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(2);
         } else {
-            EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+            EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
         }
         // transaction that should go on the pending thread
         TransactionInfo transactionA;
@@ -248,6 +259,188 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, transactionQueue.size());
     }
 
+    void Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(Vector<ComposerState> state1,
+                                             Vector<ComposerState> state2,
+                                             bool updateApplyToken = true) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+
+        TransactionInfo transactionA;
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionA, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state1);
+
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
+                                     transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags,
+                                     transactionA.applyToken, transactionA.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transactionA.desiredPresentTime, transactionA.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionA.id);
+
+        TransactionInfo transactionB;
+        if (updateApplyToken) {
+            transactionB.applyToken = sp<IBinder>();
+        }
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionB, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state2);
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionB.frameTimelineInfo, transactionB.states,
+                                     transactionB.displays, transactionB.flags,
+                                     transactionB.applyToken, transactionB.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transactionB.desiredPresentTime, transactionB.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionB.id);
+
+        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(2ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+    }
+
+    void Flush_removesFromTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+
+        TransactionInfo transaction;
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transaction, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state);
+
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
+                                     transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
+                                     transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transaction.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transaction.id);
+
+        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(1u, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+    }
+
+    void Flush_keepsInTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+
+        TransactionInfo transaction;
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transaction, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ systemTime(), /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state);
+
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transaction.frameTimelineInfo, transaction.states,
+                                     transaction.displays, transaction.flags,
+                                     transaction.applyToken, transaction.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transaction.desiredPresentTime, transaction.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transaction.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transaction.id);
+
+        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
+        EXPECT_EQ(1u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+    }
+
+    void Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state1,
+                                         const Vector<ComposerState>& state2,
+                                         bool updateApplyToken = true,
+                                         uint32_t pendingTransactionQueueSize = 1u) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        auto time = systemTime();
+        TransactionInfo transactionA;
+        TransactionInfo transactionB;
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionA, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state1);
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionB, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state2);
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
+                                     transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags,
+                                     transactionA.applyToken, transactionA.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transactionA.desiredPresentTime, transactionA.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionA.id);
+        if (updateApplyToken) {
+            transactionB.applyToken = sp<IBinder>();
+        }
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionB.frameTimelineInfo, transactionB.states,
+                                     transactionB.displays, transactionB.flags,
+                                     transactionB.applyToken, transactionB.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transactionB.desiredPresentTime, transactionB.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionB.id);
+
+        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
+        EXPECT_EQ(pendingTransactionQueueSize, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+    }
+
+    void Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(const Vector<ComposerState>& state1,
+                                           const Vector<ComposerState>& state2) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+
+        auto time = systemTime();
+        TransactionInfo transactionA;
+        TransactionInfo transactionB;
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionA, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state1);
+        setupSingleWithComposer(transactionB, ISurfaceComposer::eSynchronous,
+                                /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
+                                /*desiredPresentTime*/ time, /*isAutoTimestamp*/ true,
+                                FrameTimelineInfo{}, &state2);
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionA.frameTimelineInfo, transactionA.states,
+                                     transactionA.displays, transactionA.flags,
+                                     transactionA.applyToken, transactionA.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transactionA.desiredPresentTime, transactionA.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transactionA.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionA.id);
+        mFlinger.setTransactionState(transactionB.frameTimelineInfo, transactionB.states,
+                                     transactionB.displays, transactionB.flags,
+                                     transactionB.applyToken, transactionB.inputWindowCommands,
+                                     transactionB.desiredPresentTime, transactionB.isAutoTimestamp,
+                                     transactionB.uncacheBuffer, mHasListenerCallbacks, mCallbacks,
+                                     transactionB.id);
+
+        mFlinger.flushTransactionQueues();
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getPendingTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(2ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+    }
+
+    static Vector<ComposerState> createComposerStateVector(const ComposerState& state1,
+                                                           const ComposerState& state2) {
+        Vector<ComposerState> states;
+        states.push_back(state1);
+        states.push_back(state2);
+        return states;
+    }
+
+    static Vector<ComposerState> createComposerStateVector(const ComposerState& state) {
+        Vector<ComposerState> states;
+        states.push_back(state);
+        return states;
+    }
+
+    static ComposerState createComposerState(int layerId, sp<Fence> fence,
+                                             uint32_t stateFlags = layer_state_t::eBufferChanged) {
+        ComposerState composer_state;
+        composer_state.state.bufferData.acquireFence = std::move(fence);
+        composer_state.state.layerId = layerId;
+        composer_state.state.bufferData.flags = BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        composer_state.state.flags = stateFlags;
+        return composer_state;
+    }
+
     bool mHasListenerCallbacks = false;
     std::vector<ListenerCallbacks> mCallbacks;
     int mTransactionNumber = 0;
@@ -255,8 +448,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesFromQueue) {
     ASSERT_EQ(0u, mFlinger.getTransactionQueue().size());
-    // called in SurfaceFlinger::signalTransaction
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMessageQueue, invalidate()).Times(1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.scheduler(), scheduleFrame()).Times(1);
 
     TransactionInfo transactionA; // transaction to go on pending queue
     setupSingle(transactionA, /*flags*/ 0, /*syncInputWindows*/ false,
@@ -331,4 +523,216 @@
     auto ret = mFlinger.fromHandle(badHandle);
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, ret.promote().get());
 }
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSingleSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSingleUnSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_KeepsUnSignaledInTheQueue_NonBufferCropChange_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled, layer_state_t::eCropChanged)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_KeepsUnSignaledInTheQueue_NonBufferChangeClubed_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled,
+                                layer_state_t::eCropChanged | layer_state_t::eBufferChanged)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_KeepsInTheQueueSameApplyTokenMultiState_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
+                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueue_MultipleStateTransaction_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
+                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                      createComposerStateVector(
+                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled2)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemoveSignaledWithUnsignaledIntact_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                    createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_KeepsTransactionInTheQueueSameApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                    createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsTransactionInTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Auto) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Auto;
+    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                    createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ true,
+                                    /*pendingTransactionQueueSize*/ 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueueSameLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
+                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepsInTheQueueDifferentLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_keepsInTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
+                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnSignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                      createComposerStateVector(
+                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled2)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_KeepInTheQueueDifferentApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                    createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepInTheQueueSameApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                    createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_KeepInTheUnsignaledTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Disabled) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Disabled;
+    Flush_KeepsUnsignaledInTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                    createComposerStateVector(
+                                            createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                    /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0ul, mFlinger.getTransactionCommittedSignals().size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueSameLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
+                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueDifferentLayerId_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesFromTheQueue(
+            createComposerStateVector(createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceUnsignaled),
+                                      createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesSignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnSignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesSignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                      createComposerStateVector(
+                                              createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled2)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_RemovesFromTheQueueDifferentApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                        createComposerStateVector(
+                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2,
+                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest,
+       Flush_RemovesUnsignaledFromTheQueueSameApplyToken_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1,
+                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                        createComposerStateVector(
+                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2, mFenceSignaled)),
+                                        /*updateApplyToken*/ false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionApplicationTest, Flush_RemovesUnsignaledFromTheQueue_LatchUnsignaled_Always) {
+    SurfaceFlinger::enableLatchUnsignaledConfig = LatchUnsignaledConfig::Always;
+    Flush_removesUnsignaledFromTheQueue(createComposerStateVector(
+                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 1,
+                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)),
+                                        createComposerStateVector(
+                                                createComposerState(/*layerId*/ 2,
+                                                                    mFenceUnsignaled)));
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
index a749ece..deeb785 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionFrameTracerTest.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
         ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
         setupScheduler();
         mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
+        mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
     }
 
     ~TransactionFrameTracerTest() {
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
 
     sp<BufferStateLayer> createBufferStateLayer() {
         sp<Client> client;
-        LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", 100, 100, 0,
+        LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", 0,
                                LayerMetadata());
         return new BufferStateLayer(args);
     }
@@ -92,21 +93,17 @@
     }
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
 
     FenceToFenceTimeMap fenceFactory;
-    client_cache_t mClientCache;
 
     void BLASTTransactionSendsFrameTracerEvents() {
         sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
 
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        const auto buffer = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
         int32_t layerId = layer->getSequence();
-        uint64_t bufferId = buffer->getBuffer()->getId();
+        uint64_t bufferId = buffer->getId();
         uint64_t frameNumber = 5;
         nsecs_t dequeueTime = 10;
         nsecs_t postTime = 20;
@@ -117,9 +114,14 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*mFlinger.getFrameTracer(),
                     traceTimestamp(layerId, bufferId, frameNumber, postTime,
                                    FrameTracer::FrameEvent::QUEUE, /*duration*/ 0));
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, postTime, /*desiredPresentTime*/ 30, false, mClientCache,
-                         frameNumber, dequeueTime, FrameTimelineInfo{},
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */, nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint*/);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = frameNumber;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, postTime, /*desiredPresentTime*/ 30, false, dequeueTime,
+                         FrameTimelineInfo{});
 
         commitTransaction(layer.get());
         bool computeVisisbleRegions;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e00748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionProtoParserTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <limits> // std::numeric_limits
+
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+
+#include "Tracing/TransactionProtoParser.h"
+
+using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
+
+namespace android {
+
+TEST(TransactionProtoParserTest, parse) {
+    const sp<IBinder> layerHandle = new BBinder();
+    const sp<IBinder> displayHandle = new BBinder();
+    TransactionState t1;
+    t1.originPid = 1;
+    t1.originUid = 2;
+    t1.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId = 3;
+    t1.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId = 4;
+    t1.postTime = 5;
+
+    layer_state_t layer;
+    layer.layerId = 6;
+    layer.what = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
+    layer.x = 7;
+    layer.matrix.dsdx = 15;
+
+    size_t layerCount = 2;
+    t1.states.reserve(layerCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layerCount; i++) {
+        ComposerState s;
+        if (i == 1) {
+            layer.parentSurfaceControlForChild =
+                    new SurfaceControl(SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault(), layerHandle, nullptr,
+                                       42);
+        }
+        s.state = layer;
+        t1.states.add(s);
+    }
+
+    size_t displayCount = 2;
+    t1.displays.reserve(displayCount);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
+        DisplayState display;
+        display.what = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+        if (i == 0) {
+            display.token = displayHandle;
+        } else {
+            display.token = nullptr;
+        }
+        display.width = 85;
+        t1.displays.add(display);
+    }
+
+    TransactionProtoParser::LayerHandleToIdFn getLayerIdFn = [&](const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
+        return (handle == layerHandle) ? 42 : -1;
+    };
+    TransactionProtoParser::DisplayHandleToIdFn getDisplayIdFn = [&](const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
+        return (handle == displayHandle) ? 43 : -1;
+    };
+    TransactionProtoParser::LayerIdToHandleFn getLayerHandleFn = [&](int32_t id) {
+        return (id == 42) ? layerHandle : nullptr;
+    };
+    TransactionProtoParser::DisplayIdToHandleFn getDisplayHandleFn = [&](int32_t id) {
+        return (id == 43) ? displayHandle : nullptr;
+    };
+
+    proto::TransactionState proto =
+            TransactionProtoParser::toProto(t1, getLayerIdFn, getDisplayIdFn);
+    TransactionState t2 =
+            TransactionProtoParser::fromProto(proto, getLayerHandleFn, getDisplayHandleFn);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.originPid, t2.originPid);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.originUid, t2.originUid);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId, t2.frameTimelineInfo.vsyncId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId, t2.frameTimelineInfo.inputEventId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.postTime, t2.postTime);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states.size(), t2.states.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states[0].state.x, t2.states[0].state.x);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states[0].state.matrix.dsdx, t2.states[0].state.matrix.dsdx);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.states[1].state.parentSurfaceControlForChild->getHandle(),
+              t2.states[1].state.parentSurfaceControlForChild->getHandle());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.displays.size(), t2.displays.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.displays[1].width, t2.displays[1].width);
+    ASSERT_EQ(t1.displays[0].token, t2.displays[0].token);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
index 2a7921f..704340d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionSurfaceFrameTest.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
         ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
         setupScheduler();
         mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
+        mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
     }
 
     ~TransactionSurfaceFrameTest() {
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
 
     sp<BufferStateLayer> createBufferStateLayer() {
         sp<Client> client;
-        LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", 100, 100, 0,
+        LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", 0,
                                LayerMetadata());
         return new BufferStateLayer(args);
     }
@@ -92,10 +93,9 @@
     }
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine mRenderEngine;
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
 
     FenceToFenceTimeMap fenceFactory;
-    client_cache_t mClientCache;
 
     void PresentedSurfaceFrameForBufferlessTransaction() {
         sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
@@ -114,13 +114,15 @@
         sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         acquireFence->signalForTest(12);
 
         commitTransaction(layer.get());
@@ -143,27 +145,30 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence1 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence1);
-        const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer1 = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer1;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence1;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto droppedSurfaceFrame = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
 
         sp<Fence> fence2(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence2 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence2);
-        const auto buffer2 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        const auto buffer2 = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
         nsecs_t start = systemTime();
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer2, fence2, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer2;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence2;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         nsecs_t end = systemTime();
         acquireFence2->signalForTest(12);
 
@@ -198,13 +203,15 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         acquireFence->signalForTest(12);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
@@ -227,13 +234,15 @@
         sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = createBufferStateLayer();
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
 
@@ -260,13 +269,15 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence);
-        const auto buffer = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer, fence, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 3, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 3, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         EXPECT_EQ(2u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto bufferSurfaceFrameTX = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
@@ -299,25 +310,28 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence1 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence1);
-        const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer1 = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer1;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence1;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto droppedSurfaceFrame = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
 
         sp<Fence> fence2(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence2 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence2);
-        const auto buffer2 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer2, fence2, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer2 = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer2;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence2;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         acquireFence2->signalForTest(12);
 
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
@@ -330,7 +344,7 @@
         // Both the droppedSurfaceFrame and presentedSurfaceFrame should be in
         // pendingJankClassifications.
         EXPECT_EQ(2u, layer->mPendingJankClassifications.size());
-        presentedSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(11),
+        presentedSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, 90_Hz,
                                          /*displayDeadlineDelta*/ 0, /*displayPresentDelta*/ 0);
         layer->releasePendingBuffer(25);
 
@@ -342,27 +356,30 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence1 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence1);
-        const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        const auto buffer1 = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+        BufferData bufferData;
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer1;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence1;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
         const auto droppedSurfaceFrame1 = layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX;
 
         sp<Fence> fence2(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence2 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence2);
-        const auto buffer2 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        const auto buffer2 = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
         auto dropStartTime1 = systemTime();
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer2, fence2, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID, /*inputEventId*/ 0},
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */, nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer2;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence2;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         auto dropEndTime1 = systemTime();
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, layer->mDrawingState.bufferlessSurfaceFramesTX.size());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, layer->mDrawingState.bufferSurfaceFrameTX);
@@ -370,14 +387,15 @@
 
         sp<Fence> fence3(new Fence());
         auto acquireFence3 = fenceFactory.createFenceTimeForTest(fence3);
-        const auto buffer3 = std::make_shared<
-                renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                                                                 1, 0),
-                                               mRenderEngine, false);
+        const auto buffer3 = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
         auto dropStartTime2 = systemTime();
-        layer->setBuffer(buffer3, fence3, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                         {/*vsyncId*/ 2, /*inputEventId*/ 0}, nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                         nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+        bufferData.buffer = buffer3;
+        bufferData.acquireFence = fence3;
+        bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+        bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+        layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                         {/*vsyncId*/ 2, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
         auto dropEndTime2 = systemTime();
         acquireFence3->signalForTest(12);
 
@@ -413,16 +431,16 @@
         uint32_t surfaceFramesPendingClassification = 0;
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<frametimeline::SurfaceFrame>> bufferlessSurfaceFrames;
         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
-            sp<Fence> fence1(new Fence());
-            const auto buffer1 = std::make_shared<
-                    renderengine::ExternalTexture>(new GraphicBuffer(1, 1,
-                                                                     HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
-                                                                     0),
-                                                   mRenderEngine, false);
-            layer->setBuffer(buffer1, fence1, 10, 20, false, mClientCache, 1, std::nullopt,
-                             {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0},
-                             nullptr /* releaseBufferCallback */,
-                             nullptr /* releaseBufferEndpoint */);
+            sp<Fence> fence(new Fence());
+            const auto buffer = new GraphicBuffer(1, 1, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, 0);
+            BufferData bufferData;
+            bufferData.buffer = buffer;
+            bufferData.acquireFence = fence;
+            bufferData.frameNumber = 1;
+            bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::fenceChanged;
+            bufferData.flags |= BufferData::BufferDataChange::frameNumberChanged;
+            layer->setBuffer(bufferData, 10, 20, false, std::nullopt,
+                             {/*vsyncId*/ 1, /*inputEventId*/ 0});
             layer->setFrameTimelineVsyncForBufferlessTransaction({/*vsyncId*/ 2,
                                                                   /*inputEventId*/ 0},
                                                                  10);
@@ -444,10 +462,10 @@
         // BufferlessSurfaceFrames are immediately set to presented and added to the DisplayFrame.
         // Since we don't have access to DisplayFrame here, trigger an onPresent directly.
         for (auto& surfaceFrame : bufferlessSurfaceFrames) {
-            surfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(11),
+            surfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, 90_Hz,
                                     /*displayDeadlineDelta*/ 0, /*displayPresentDelta*/ 0);
         }
-        presentedBufferSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, Fps::fromPeriodNsecs(11),
+        presentedBufferSurfaceFrame->onPresent(20, JankType::None, 90_Hz,
                                                /*displayDeadlineDelta*/ 0,
                                                /*displayPresentDelta*/ 0);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e49c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TransactionTracingTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
+
+#include "Tracing/RingBuffer.h"
+#include "Tracing/TransactionTracing.h"
+
+using namespace android::surfaceflinger;
+
+namespace android {
+
+class TransactionTracingTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    static constexpr size_t SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
+    std::unique_ptr<android::TransactionTracing> mTracing;
+    void SetUp() override { mTracing = std::make_unique<android::TransactionTracing>(); }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        mTracing->disable();
+        mTracing.reset();
+    }
+
+    auto getCommittedTransactions() {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTracing->mMainThreadLock);
+        return mTracing->mCommittedTransactions;
+    }
+
+    auto getQueuedTransactions() {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTracing->mTraceLock);
+        return mTracing->mQueuedTransactions;
+    }
+
+    auto getUsedBufferSize() {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTracing->mTraceLock);
+        return mTracing->mBuffer->used();
+    }
+
+    auto flush(int64_t vsyncId) { return mTracing->flush(vsyncId); }
+
+    auto bufferFront() {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTracing->mTraceLock);
+        return mTracing->mBuffer->front();
+    }
+
+    bool threadIsJoinable() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mTracing->mMainThreadLock);
+        return mTracing->mThread.joinable();
+    }
+
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile writeToProto() { return mTracing->writeToProto(); }
+
+    auto getCreatedLayers() {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTracing->mTraceLock);
+        return mTracing->mCreatedLayers;
+    }
+
+    auto getStartingStates() {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTracing->mTraceLock);
+        return mTracing->mStartingStates;
+    }
+
+    void queueAndCommitTransaction(int64_t vsyncId) {
+        TransactionState transaction;
+        transaction.id = static_cast<uint64_t>(vsyncId * 3);
+        transaction.originUid = 1;
+        transaction.originPid = 2;
+        mTracing->addQueuedTransaction(transaction);
+        std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+        transactions.emplace_back(transaction);
+        mTracing->addCommittedTransactions(transactions, vsyncId);
+        flush(vsyncId);
+    }
+
+    // Test that we clean up the tracing thread and free any memory allocated.
+    void verifyDisabledTracingState() {
+        EXPECT_FALSE(mTracing->isEnabled());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(threadIsJoinable());
+        EXPECT_EQ(getCommittedTransactions().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(getQueuedTransactions().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(getUsedBufferSize(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(getStartingStates().size(), 0u);
+    }
+
+    void verifyEntry(const proto::TransactionTraceEntry& actualProto,
+                     const std::vector<TransactionState> expectedTransactions,
+                     int64_t expectedVsyncId) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(actualProto.vsync_id(), expectedVsyncId);
+        EXPECT_EQ(actualProto.transactions().size(),
+                  static_cast<int32_t>(expectedTransactions.size()));
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < expectedTransactions.size(); i++) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(actualProto.transactions(static_cast<int32_t>(i)).pid(),
+                      expectedTransactions[i].originPid);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TransactionTracingTest, enable) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mTracing->isEnabled());
+    mTracing->enable();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mTracing->isEnabled());
+    mTracing->disable();
+    verifyDisabledTracingState();
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionTracingTest, addTransactions) {
+    mTracing->enable();
+    std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+    transactions.reserve(100);
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+        TransactionState transaction;
+        transaction.id = i;
+        transaction.originPid = static_cast<int32_t>(i);
+        transactions.emplace_back(transaction);
+        mTracing->addQueuedTransaction(transaction);
+    }
+
+    // Split incoming transactions into two and commit them in reverse order to test out of order
+    // commits.
+    std::vector<TransactionState> firstTransactionSet =
+            std::vector<TransactionState>(transactions.begin() + 50, transactions.end());
+    int64_t firstTransactionSetVsyncId = 42;
+    mTracing->addCommittedTransactions(firstTransactionSet, firstTransactionSetVsyncId);
+
+    int64_t secondTransactionSetVsyncId = 43;
+    std::vector<TransactionState> secondTransactionSet =
+            std::vector<TransactionState>(transactions.begin(), transactions.begin() + 50);
+    mTracing->addCommittedTransactions(secondTransactionSet, secondTransactionSetVsyncId);
+    flush(secondTransactionSetVsyncId);
+
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile proto = writeToProto();
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry().size(), 3);
+    // skip starting entry
+    verifyEntry(proto.entry(1), firstTransactionSet, firstTransactionSetVsyncId);
+    verifyEntry(proto.entry(2), secondTransactionSet, secondTransactionSetVsyncId);
+
+    mTracing->disable();
+    verifyDisabledTracingState();
+}
+
+class TransactionTracingLayerHandlingTest : public TransactionTracingTest {
+protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        TransactionTracingTest::SetUp();
+        mTracing->enable();
+        // add layers
+        mTracing->setBufferSize(SMALL_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        const sp<IBinder> fakeLayerHandle = new BBinder();
+        mTracing->onLayerAdded(fakeLayerHandle->localBinder(), mParentLayerId, "parent",
+                               123 /* flags */, -1 /* parentId */);
+        const sp<IBinder> fakeChildLayerHandle = new BBinder();
+        mTracing->onLayerAdded(fakeChildLayerHandle->localBinder(), mChildLayerId, "child",
+                               456 /* flags */, mParentLayerId);
+
+        // add some layer transaction
+        {
+            TransactionState transaction;
+            transaction.id = 50;
+            ComposerState layerState;
+            layerState.state.surface = fakeLayerHandle;
+            layerState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
+            layerState.state.z = 42;
+            transaction.states.add(layerState);
+            ComposerState childState;
+            childState.state.surface = fakeChildLayerHandle;
+            childState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged;
+            childState.state.z = 43;
+            transaction.states.add(childState);
+            mTracing->addQueuedTransaction(transaction);
+
+            std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+            transactions.emplace_back(transaction);
+            VSYNC_ID_FIRST_LAYER_CHANGE = ++mVsyncId;
+            mTracing->addCommittedTransactions(transactions, VSYNC_ID_FIRST_LAYER_CHANGE);
+            flush(VSYNC_ID_FIRST_LAYER_CHANGE);
+        }
+
+        // add transactions that modify the layer state further so we can test that layer state
+        // gets merged
+        {
+            TransactionState transaction;
+            transaction.id = 51;
+            ComposerState layerState;
+            layerState.state.surface = fakeLayerHandle;
+            layerState.state.what = layer_state_t::eLayerChanged | layer_state_t::ePositionChanged;
+            layerState.state.z = 41;
+            layerState.state.x = 22;
+            transaction.states.add(layerState);
+            mTracing->addQueuedTransaction(transaction);
+
+            std::vector<TransactionState> transactions;
+            transactions.emplace_back(transaction);
+            VSYNC_ID_SECOND_LAYER_CHANGE = ++mVsyncId;
+            mTracing->addCommittedTransactions(transactions, VSYNC_ID_SECOND_LAYER_CHANGE);
+            flush(VSYNC_ID_SECOND_LAYER_CHANGE);
+        }
+
+        // remove child layer
+        mTracing->onLayerRemoved(2);
+        VSYNC_ID_CHILD_LAYER_REMOVED = ++mVsyncId;
+        queueAndCommitTransaction(VSYNC_ID_CHILD_LAYER_REMOVED);
+
+        // remove layer
+        mTracing->onLayerRemoved(1);
+        queueAndCommitTransaction(++mVsyncId);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        mTracing->disable();
+        verifyDisabledTracingState();
+        TransactionTracingTest::TearDown();
+    }
+
+    int mParentLayerId = 1;
+    int mChildLayerId = 2;
+    int64_t mVsyncId = 0;
+    int64_t VSYNC_ID_FIRST_LAYER_CHANGE;
+    int64_t VSYNC_ID_SECOND_LAYER_CHANGE;
+    int64_t VSYNC_ID_CHILD_LAYER_REMOVED;
+};
+
+TEST_F(TransactionTracingLayerHandlingTest, addStartingState) {
+    // add transactions until we drop the transaction with the first layer change
+    while (bufferFront().vsync_id() <= VSYNC_ID_FIRST_LAYER_CHANGE) {
+        queueAndCommitTransaction(++mVsyncId);
+    }
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile proto = writeToProto();
+    // verify we can still retrieve the layer change from the first entry containing starting
+    // states.
+    EXPECT_GT(proto.entry().size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(proto.entry(0).transactions().size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(proto.entry(0).added_layers().size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes().size(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes(0).layer_id(), mParentLayerId);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes(0).z(), 42);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes(1).layer_id(), mChildLayerId);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes(1).z(), 43);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionTracingLayerHandlingTest, updateStartingState) {
+    // add transactions until we drop the transaction with the second layer change
+    while (bufferFront().vsync_id() <= VSYNC_ID_SECOND_LAYER_CHANGE) {
+        queueAndCommitTransaction(++mVsyncId);
+    }
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile proto = writeToProto();
+    // verify starting states are updated correctly
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes(0).z(), 41);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionTracingLayerHandlingTest, removeStartingState) {
+    // add transactions until we drop the transaction which removes the child layer
+    while (bufferFront().vsync_id() <= VSYNC_ID_CHILD_LAYER_REMOVED) {
+        queueAndCommitTransaction(++mVsyncId);
+    }
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile proto = writeToProto();
+    // verify the child layer has been removed from the trace
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes().size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes(0).layer_id(), mParentLayerId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransactionTracingLayerHandlingTest, startingStateSurvivesBufferFlush) {
+    // add transactions until we drop the transaction with the second layer change
+    while (bufferFront().vsync_id() <= VSYNC_ID_SECOND_LAYER_CHANGE) {
+        queueAndCommitTransaction(++mVsyncId);
+    }
+    proto::TransactionTraceFile proto = writeToProto();
+    // verify we have two starting states
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes().size(), 2);
+
+    // Continue adding transactions until child layer is removed
+    while (bufferFront().vsync_id() <= VSYNC_ID_CHILD_LAYER_REMOVED) {
+        queueAndCommitTransaction(++mVsyncId);
+    }
+    proto = writeToProto();
+    // verify we still have the parent layer state
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes().size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto.entry(0).transactions(0).layer_changes(0).layer_id(), mParentLayerId);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
index e4f7469..15fea9c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #include "TunnelModeEnabledReporter.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
-#include "mock/MockMessageQueue.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -69,12 +68,12 @@
 
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
-    sp<TestableTunnelModeEnabledListener> mTunnelModeEnabledListener =
-            new TestableTunnelModeEnabledListener();
-    sp<TunnelModeEnabledReporter> mTunnelModeEnabledReporter =
-            new TunnelModeEnabledReporter();
 
-    mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
+    sp<TestableTunnelModeEnabledListener> mTunnelModeEnabledListener =
+            sp<TestableTunnelModeEnabledListener>::make();
+
+    sp<TunnelModeEnabledReporter> mTunnelModeEnabledReporter =
+            sp<TunnelModeEnabledReporter>::make();
 };
 
 TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest::TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest() {
@@ -82,7 +81,6 @@
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
-    mFlinger.mutableEventQueue().reset(mMessageQueue);
     setupScheduler();
     mFlinger.setupComposer(std::make_unique<Hwc2::mock::Composer>());
     mFlinger.flinger()->mTunnelModeEnabledReporter = mTunnelModeEnabledReporter;
@@ -100,8 +98,7 @@
 sp<BufferStateLayer> TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest::createBufferStateLayer(
         LayerMetadata metadata = {}) {
     sp<Client> client;
-    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", WIDTH, HEIGHT,
-                           LAYER_FLAGS, metadata);
+    LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.flinger(), client, "buffer-state-layer", LAYER_FLAGS, metadata);
     return new BufferStateLayer(args);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp
index 41a4d30..21ee071 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VsyncConfigurationTest.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 class WorkDurationTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     WorkDurationTest()
-          : mWorkDuration(Fps(60.0f), 10'500'000, 20'500'000, 16'000'000, 16'500'000, 13'500'000,
+          : mWorkDuration(60_Hz, 10'500'000, 20'500'000, 16'000'000, 16'500'000, 13'500'000,
                           21'000'000, 1234) {}
 
     ~WorkDurationTest() = default;
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@
  * Test cases
  */
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_60Hz) {
-    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(Fps(60.0f));
+    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(60_Hz);
     auto currentOffsets = mWorkDuration.getCurrentConfigs();
-    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 6'166'667);
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_90Hz) {
-    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(Fps(90.0f));
+    mWorkDuration.setRefreshRateFps(90_Hz);
     auto currentOffsets = mWorkDuration.getCurrentConfigs();
-    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
+    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(currentOffsets, offsets);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 611'111);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_DefaultOffsets) {
-    TestableWorkDuration phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues(Fps(60.0f), -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0);
+    TestableWorkDuration phaseOffsetsWithDefaultValues(60_Hz, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0);
 
     auto validateOffsets = [](const auto& offsets, std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
         EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
@@ -138,12 +138,12 @@
         validateOffsets(offsets, std::chrono::nanoseconds(refreshRate.getPeriodNsecs()));
     };
 
-    testForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
-    testForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    testForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
+    testForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 }
 
 TEST_F(WorkDurationTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_unknownRefreshRate) {
-    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(14.7f));
+    auto offsets = mWorkDuration.getConfigsForRefreshRate(14.7_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 57'527'208);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 37'027'208);
@@ -181,13 +181,12 @@
                          std::optional<nsecs_t> highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs,
                          std::optional<nsecs_t> highFpsEarlyGpuAppOffsetNs,
                          nsecs_t thresholdForNextVsync, nsecs_t hwcMinWorkDuration)
-          : impl::PhaseOffsets(Fps(60.0f), vsyncPhaseOffsetNs, sfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs,
-                               earlySfOffsetNs, earlyGpuSfOffsetNs, earlyAppOffsetNs,
-                               earlyGpuAppOffsetNs, highFpsVsyncPhaseOffsetNs,
-                               highFpsSfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs, highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs,
-                               highFpsEarlyGpuSfOffsetNs, highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs,
-                               highFpsEarlyGpuAppOffsetNs, thresholdForNextVsync,
-                               hwcMinWorkDuration) {}
+          : impl::PhaseOffsets(60_Hz, vsyncPhaseOffsetNs, sfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs, earlySfOffsetNs,
+                               earlyGpuSfOffsetNs, earlyAppOffsetNs, earlyGpuAppOffsetNs,
+                               highFpsVsyncPhaseOffsetNs, highFpsSfVSyncPhaseOffsetNs,
+                               highFpsEarlySfOffsetNs, highFpsEarlyGpuSfOffsetNs,
+                               highFpsEarlyAppOffsetNs, highFpsEarlyGpuAppOffsetNs,
+                               thresholdForNextVsync, hwcMinWorkDuration) {}
 };
 
 class PhaseOffsetsTest : public testing::Test {
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_unknownRefreshRate) {
-    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(14.7f));
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(14.7_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 6'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_60Hz) {
-    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 6'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_90Hz) {
-    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
+    auto offsets = mPhaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_DefaultValues_60Hz) {
     TestablePhaseOffsets phaseOffsets{1'000'000, 1'000'000, {}, {}, {}, {},         2'000'000,
                                       1'000'000, {},        {}, {}, {}, 10'000'000, 1234};
-    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(60.0f));
+    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(60_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 1'000'000);
@@ -293,7 +292,7 @@
 TEST_F(PhaseOffsetsTest, getConfigsForRefreshRate_DefaultValues_90Hz) {
     TestablePhaseOffsets phaseOffsets{1'000'000, 1'000'000, {}, {}, {}, {},         2'000'000,
                                       1'000'000, {},        {}, {}, {}, 10'000'000, 1234};
-    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(Fps(90.0f));
+    auto offsets = phaseOffsets.getConfigsForRefreshRate(90_Hz);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.sfOffset, 1'000'000);
     EXPECT_EQ(offsets.late.appOffset, 2'000'000);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.cpp
index 7de1872..20d41e6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
 
+#undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "MockComposer"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h
index c3919d9..fe1544e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockHWC2.h
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
     MOCK_METHOD(hal::HWDisplayId, getId, (), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isConnected, (), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, setConnected, (bool), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(const std::unordered_set<hal::DisplayCapability> &, getCapabilities, (),
-                (const, override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, hasCapability, (hal::DisplayCapability), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(bool, isVsyncPeriodSwitchSupported, (), (const, override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, onLayerDestroyed, (hal::HWLayerId), (override));
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
index 159bdf1..23b849a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h
@@ -27,11 +27,21 @@
     PowerAdvisor();
     ~PowerAdvisor() override;
 
-    MOCK_METHOD0(init, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(onBootFinished, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD2(setExpensiveRenderingExpected, void(DisplayId displayId, bool expected));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(isUsingExpensiveRendering, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, void());
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, init, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, onBootFinished, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setExpensiveRenderingExpected, (DisplayId displayId, bool expected),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isUsingExpensiveRendering, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, notifyDisplayUpdateImminent, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, usePowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, supportsPowerHintSession, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isPowerHintSessionRunning, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setTargetWorkDuration, (int64_t targetDurationNanos), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setPowerHintSessionThreadIds, (const std::vector<int32_t>& threadIds),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, sendActualWorkDuration, (int64_t actualDurationNanos, nsecs_t timestamp),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, enablePowerHint, (bool enabled), (override));
 };
 
 } // namespace android::Hwc2::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
index ba2e4db..8b48e1c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 class MockLayer : public Layer {
 public:
     MockLayer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, std::string name)
-          : Layer(LayerCreationArgs(flinger, nullptr, std::move(name), 800, 600, 0, {})) {}
+          : Layer(LayerCreationArgs(flinger, nullptr, std::move(name), 0, {})) {}
     explicit MockLayer(SurfaceFlinger* flinger) : MockLayer(flinger, "TestLayer") {}
 
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getType, const char*());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5fb06fd..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "mock/MockMessageQueue.h"
-
-namespace android::mock {
-
-MessageQueue::MessageQueue() {
-    ON_CALL(*this, postMessage).WillByDefault([](sp<MessageHandler>&& handler) {
-        // Execute task to prevent broken promise exception on destruction.
-        handler->handleMessage(Message());
-    });
-}
-
-MessageQueue::~MessageQueue() = default;
-
-} // namespace android::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e7b320..0000000
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockMessageQueue.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-
-#include "FrameTimeline.h"
-#include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
-#include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
-
-namespace android::mock {
-
-class MessageQueue : public android::MessageQueue {
-public:
-    MessageQueue();
-    ~MessageQueue() override;
-
-    MOCK_METHOD1(init, void(const sp<SurfaceFlinger>&));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(setInjector, void(sp<EventThreadConnection>));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(waitMessage, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD1(postMessage, void(sp<MessageHandler>&&));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(invalidate, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(refresh, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD3(initVsync,
-                 void(scheduler::VSyncDispatch&, frametimeline::TokenManager&,
-                      std::chrono::nanoseconds));
-    MOCK_METHOD1(setDuration, void(std::chrono::nanoseconds workDuration));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(nextExpectedInvalidate, std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point>());
-};
-
-} // namespace android::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
index ab19886..849e308 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockSchedulerCallback.h
@@ -20,25 +20,22 @@
 
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 
-namespace android::mock {
+namespace android::scheduler::mock {
 
 struct SchedulerCallback final : ISchedulerCallback {
-    MOCK_METHOD1(setVsyncEnabled, void(bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD2(changeRefreshRate,
-                 void(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate&,
-                      scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(repaintEverythingForHWC, void());
-    MOCK_METHOD1(kernelTimerChanged, void(bool));
-    MOCK_METHOD0(triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged, void());
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, scheduleComposite, (FrameHint), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setVsyncEnabled, (bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, changeRefreshRate, (const RefreshRate&, DisplayModeEvent), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, kernelTimerChanged, (bool), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged, (), (override));
 };
 
 struct NoOpSchedulerCallback final : ISchedulerCallback {
+    void scheduleComposite(FrameHint) override {}
     void setVsyncEnabled(bool) override {}
-    void changeRefreshRate(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate&,
-                           scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent) override {}
-    void repaintEverythingForHWC() override {}
+    void changeRefreshRate(const RefreshRate&, DisplayModeEvent) override {}
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool) override {}
     void triggerOnFrameRateOverridesChanged() {}
 };
 
-} // namespace android::mock
+} // namespace android::scheduler::mock
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockTimeStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockTimeStats.h
index 5aebd2f..0a69b56 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockTimeStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockTimeStats.h
@@ -41,19 +41,21 @@
     MOCK_METHOD2(recordFrameDuration, void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD2(recordRenderEngineDuration, void(nsecs_t, nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD2(recordRenderEngineDuration, void(nsecs_t, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>&));
-    MOCK_METHOD6(setPostTime, void(int32_t, uint64_t, const std::string&, uid_t, nsecs_t, int32_t));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setPostTime,
+                (int32_t, uint64_t, const std::string&, uid_t, nsecs_t, GameMode), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD2(incrementLatchSkipped, void(int32_t layerId, LatchSkipReason reason));
     MOCK_METHOD1(incrementBadDesiredPresent, void(int32_t layerId));
     MOCK_METHOD3(setLatchTime, void(int32_t, uint64_t, nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD3(setDesiredTime, void(int32_t, uint64_t, nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD3(setAcquireTime, void(int32_t, uint64_t, nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD3(setAcquireFence, void(int32_t, uint64_t, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>&));
-    MOCK_METHOD7(setPresentTime,
-                 void(int32_t, uint64_t, nsecs_t, Fps, std::optional<Fps>, SetFrameRateVote,
-                      int32_t));
-    MOCK_METHOD7(setPresentFence,
-                 void(int32_t, uint64_t, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>&, Fps, std::optional<Fps>,
-                      SetFrameRateVote, int32_t));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setPresentTime,
+                (int32_t, uint64_t, nsecs_t, Fps, std::optional<Fps>, SetFrameRateVote, GameMode),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setPresentFence,
+                (int32_t, uint64_t, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>&, Fps, std::optional<Fps>,
+                 SetFrameRateVote, GameMode),
+                (override));
     MOCK_METHOD1(incrementJankyFrames, void(const JankyFramesInfo&));
     MOCK_METHOD1(onDestroy, void(int32_t));
     MOCK_METHOD2(removeTimeRecord, void(int32_t, uint64_t));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h
index 94d9966..314f681 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockVsyncController.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     VsyncController();
     ~VsyncController() override;
 
-    MOCK_METHOD1(addPresentFence, bool(const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>&));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, addPresentFence, (std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD3(addHwVsyncTimestamp, bool(nsecs_t, std::optional<nsecs_t>, bool*));
     MOCK_METHOD1(startPeriodTransition, void(nsecs_t));
     MOCK_METHOD1(setIgnorePresentFences, void(bool));
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
index a375808..63ecaec 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
@@ -402,12 +402,21 @@
         auto primitiveIdx = static_cast<size_t>(primitive);
         if (primitiveIdx >= durations.size()) {
             // Safety check, should not happen if enum_range is correct.
+            ALOGE("Supported primitive %zu is outside range [0,%zu), skipping load duration",
+                  primitiveIdx, durations.size());
             continue;
         }
         int32_t duration = 0;
-        auto status = getHal()->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &duration);
-        if (!status.isOk()) {
-            return HalResult<std::vector<milliseconds>>::failed(status.toString8().c_str());
+        auto result = getHal()->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &duration);
+        auto halResult = HalResult<int32_t>::fromStatus(result, duration);
+        if (halResult.isUnsupported()) {
+            // Should not happen, supported primitives should always support requesting duration.
+            ALOGE("Supported primitive %zu returned unsupported for getPrimitiveDuration",
+                  primitiveIdx);
+        }
+        if (halResult.isFailed()) {
+            // Fail entire request if one request has failed.
+            return HalResult<std::vector<milliseconds>>::failed(result.toString8().c_str());
         }
         durations[primitiveIdx] = milliseconds(duration);
     }
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp
index 6bf6581..0df0bfa 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorManagerHalController.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 template <typename T>
 HalResult<T> ManagerHalController::processHalResult(HalResult<T> result, const char* functionName) {
     if (result.isFailed()) {
-        ALOGE("%s failed: %s", functionName, result.errorMessage());
+        ALOGE("VibratorManager HAL %s failed: %s", functionName, result.errorMessage());
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectedHalMutex);
         mConnectedHal->tryReconnect();
     }
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h
index 6c31e2b..6b73d17 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalController.h
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
             T result = halFn(hal.get());
-            if (result.checkAndLogFailure(functionName)) {
+            if (result.isFailedLogged(functionName)) {
                 tryReconnect();
             } else {
                 return result;
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
index 68d6647..d2cc9ad 100644
--- a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@
     bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && !mValue.has_value(); }
     bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
     const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
-    bool checkAndLogFailure(const char* functionName) const {
+    bool isFailedLogged(const char* functionNameForLogging) const {
         if (isFailed()) {
-            ALOGE("%s failed: %s", functionName, errorMessage());
+            ALOGE("Vibrator HAL %s failed: %s", functionNameForLogging, errorMessage());
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@
     bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && mFailed; }
     bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
     const char* errorMessage() const { return mErrorMessage.c_str(); }
-    bool checkAndLogFailure(const char* functionName) const {
+    bool isFailedLogged(const char* functionNameForLogging) const {
         if (isFailed()) {
-            ALOGE("%s failed: %s", functionName, errorMessage());
+            ALOGE("Vibrator HAL %s failed: %s", functionNameForLogging, errorMessage());
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -192,21 +192,21 @@
     const HalResult<float> qFactor;
     const HalResult<std::vector<float>> maxAmplitudes;
 
-    bool checkAndLogFailure(const char*) const {
-        return capabilities.checkAndLogFailure("getCapabilities") ||
-                supportedEffects.checkAndLogFailure("getSupportedEffects") ||
-                supportedBraking.checkAndLogFailure("getSupportedBraking") ||
-                supportedPrimitives.checkAndLogFailure("getSupportedPrimitives") ||
-                primitiveDurations.checkAndLogFailure("getPrimitiveDuration") ||
-                primitiveDelayMax.checkAndLogFailure("getPrimitiveDelayMax") ||
-                pwlePrimitiveDurationMax.checkAndLogFailure("getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax") ||
-                compositionSizeMax.checkAndLogFailure("getCompositionSizeMax") ||
-                pwleSizeMax.checkAndLogFailure("getPwleSizeMax") ||
-                minFrequency.checkAndLogFailure("getMinFrequency") ||
-                resonantFrequency.checkAndLogFailure("getResonantFrequency") ||
-                frequencyResolution.checkAndLogFailure("getFrequencyResolution") ||
-                qFactor.checkAndLogFailure("getQFactor") ||
-                maxAmplitudes.checkAndLogFailure("getMaxAmplitudes");
+    bool isFailedLogged(const char*) const {
+        return capabilities.isFailedLogged("getCapabilities") ||
+                supportedEffects.isFailedLogged("getSupportedEffects") ||
+                supportedBraking.isFailedLogged("getSupportedBraking") ||
+                supportedPrimitives.isFailedLogged("getSupportedPrimitives") ||
+                primitiveDurations.isFailedLogged("getPrimitiveDuration") ||
+                primitiveDelayMax.isFailedLogged("getPrimitiveDelayMax") ||
+                pwlePrimitiveDurationMax.isFailedLogged("getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax") ||
+                compositionSizeMax.isFailedLogged("getCompositionSizeMax") ||
+                pwleSizeMax.isFailedLogged("getPwleSizeMax") ||
+                minFrequency.isFailedLogged("getMinFrequency") ||
+                resonantFrequency.isFailedLogged("getResonantFrequency") ||
+                frequencyResolution.isFailedLogged("getFrequencyResolution") ||
+                qFactor.isFailedLogged("getQFactor") ||
+                maxAmplitudes.isFailedLogged("getMaxAmplitudes");
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/api_gen.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/api_gen.cpp
index 26052fb..33401d2 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/api_gen.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/api_gen.cpp
@@ -560,6 +560,7 @@
     }
 
     static const char* const known_non_device_names[] = {
+        "vkAcquireDrmDisplayEXT",
         "vkCreateAndroidSurfaceKHR",
         "vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT",
         "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT",
@@ -581,6 +582,7 @@
         "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices",
         "vkGetDisplayModeProperties2KHR",
         "vkGetDisplayPlaneCapabilities2KHR",
+        "vkGetDrmDisplayEXT",
         "vkGetInstanceProcAddr",
         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceCalibrateableTimeDomainsEXT",
         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlaneProperties2KHR",
@@ -624,6 +626,8 @@
         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR",
         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR",
         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceToolPropertiesEXT",
+        "vkGetPhysicalDeviceVideoCapabilitiesKHR",
+        "vkGetPhysicalDeviceVideoFormatPropertiesKHR",
         "vkSubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT",
     };
     // clang-format on
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/debug_report.h b/vulkan/libvulkan/debug_report.h
index e5b1587..416c0bc 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/debug_report.h
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/debug_report.h
@@ -78,8 +78,7 @@
         VkDebugReportCallbackEXT driver_handle;
     };
 
-    // TODO(b/143295577): use std::shared_mutex when available in libc++
-    mutable std::shared_timed_mutex rwmutex_;
+    mutable std::shared_mutex rwmutex_;
     Node head_;
 };
 
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
index d7fdab5..cf774fd 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
@@ -979,6 +979,8 @@
 void QueryPresentationProperties(
     VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
     VkPhysicalDevicePresentationPropertiesANDROID* presentation_properties) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
     // Request the android-specific presentation properties via GPDP2
     VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 properties = {
         VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
@@ -994,7 +996,17 @@
     presentation_properties->pNext = nullptr;
     presentation_properties->sharedImage = VK_FALSE;
 
-    GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physicalDevice, &properties);
+    const auto& driver = GetData(physicalDevice).driver;
+
+    if (driver.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2) {
+        // >= 1.1 driver, supports core GPDP2 entrypoint.
+        driver.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physicalDevice, &properties);
+    } else if (driver.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR) {
+        // Old driver, but may support presentation properties
+        // if we have the GPDP2 extension. Otherwise, no presentation
+        // properties supported.
+        driver.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR(physicalDevice, &properties);
+    }
 }
 
 VkResult EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index a320411..b5a0bdf 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -696,10 +696,10 @@
     if (err) {
         return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
     }
-    ALOGV("wide_color_support is: %d", wide_color_support);
-    wide_color_support =
-        wide_color_support &&
+    bool swapchain_ext =
         instance_data.hook_extensions.test(ProcHook::EXT_swapchain_colorspace);
+    ALOGV("wide_color_support is: %d", wide_color_support);
+    wide_color_support = wide_color_support && swapchain_ext;
 
     AHardwareBuffer_Desc desc = {};
     desc.width = 1;
@@ -714,6 +714,11 @@
         {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR},
         {VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR}};
 
+    if (swapchain_ext) {
+        all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
+            VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_BT709_LINEAR_EXT});
+    }
+
     if (wide_color_support) {
         all_formats.emplace_back(VkSurfaceFormatKHR{
             VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_DISPLAY_P3_NONLINEAR_EXT});
@@ -1217,12 +1222,6 @@
         return VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR;
     }
 
-    // In shared mode the num_images must be one regardless of how many
-    // buffers were allocated for the buffer queue.
-    if (swapchain_image_usage & VK_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGE_USAGE_SHARED_BIT_ANDROID) {
-        num_images = 1;
-    }
-
     int32_t legacy_usage = 0;
     if (dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID) {
         uint64_t consumer_usage, producer_usage;
diff --git a/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py b/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
index 72fd4fb..4176509 100644
--- a/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
+++ b/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     'VK_EXT_metal_surface',
     'VK_FUCHSIA_imagepipe_surface',
     'VK_GGP_stream_descriptor_surface',
+    'VK_HUAWEI_subpass_shading',
     'VK_KHR_display',
     'VK_KHR_display_swapchain',
     'VK_KHR_external_fence_win32',
@@ -47,11 +48,13 @@
     'VK_MVK_ios_surface',
     'VK_MVK_macos_surface',
     'VK_NN_vi_surface',
+    'VK_NV_acquire_winrt_display',
     'VK_NV_cooperative_matrix',
     'VK_NV_coverage_reduction_mode',
     'VK_NV_external_memory_win32',
     'VK_NV_win32_keyed_mutex',
     'VK_NVX_image_view_handle',
+    'VK_QNX_screen_surface',
 ]
 
 # Extensions having functions exported by the loader.