Merge "Preserve phones screen aspect ratio for VR Window Manager."
diff --git a/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.cpp b/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.cpp
index dfc3e58..5c04f6c 100644
--- a/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.cpp
+++ b/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
  namespace android {
 
 GLHelper::GLHelper() :
+    mGraphicBufferAlloc(new GraphicBufferAlloc()),
     mDisplay(EGL_NO_DISPLAY),
     mContext(EGL_NO_CONTEXT),
     mDummySurface(EGL_NO_SURFACE),
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@
         sp<GLConsumer>* glConsumer, EGLSurface* surface) {
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
     sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
-    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer, mGraphicBufferAlloc);
     sp<GLConsumer> glc = new GLConsumer(consumer, name,
             GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, false, true);
     glc->setDefaultBufferSize(w, h);
diff --git a/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.h b/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.h
index d09463a..7a9e9e3 100644
--- a/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.h
+++ b/cmds/flatland/GLHelper.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/GLConsumer.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@
 
     bool setUpShaders(const ShaderDesc* shaderDescs, size_t numShaders);
 
+    sp<GraphicBufferAlloc> mGraphicBufferAlloc;
+
     EGLDisplay mDisplay;
     EGLContext mContext;
     EGLSurface mDummySurface;
diff --git a/cmds/flatland/Main.cpp b/cmds/flatland/Main.cpp
index ec1e543..c47b0c8 100644
--- a/cmds/flatland/Main.cpp
+++ b/cmds/flatland/Main.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_ALWAYS
 
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceControl.h>
 #include <gui/GLConsumer.h>
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index 58b9d2c..a5ac8a4 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -45,10 +45,15 @@
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::EndsWith;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace installd {
 
+static unique_fd invalid_unique_fd() {
+    return unique_fd(-1);
+}
+
 static const char* parse_null(const char* arg) {
     if (strcmp(arg, "!") == 0) {
         return nullptr;
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@
 }
 
 static bool clear_profile(const std::string& profile) {
-    base::unique_fd ufd(open(profile.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC));
+    unique_fd ufd(open(profile.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (ufd.get() < 0) {
         if (errno != ENOENT) {
             PLOG(WARNING) << "Could not open profile " << profile;
@@ -467,18 +472,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void close_all_fds(const std::vector<fd_t>& fds, const char* description) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < fds.size(); i++) {
-        if (close(fds[i]) != 0) {
-            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to close fd for " << description << " at index " << i;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static fd_t open_profile_dir(const std::string& profile_dir) {
-    fd_t profile_dir_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(profile_dir.c_str(),
-            O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY | O_NOFOLLOW));
-    if (profile_dir_fd < 0) {
+static unique_fd open_profile_dir(const std::string& profile_dir) {
+    unique_fd profile_dir_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(profile_dir.c_str(),
+            O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY | O_NOFOLLOW)));
+    if (profile_dir_fd.get() < 0) {
         // In a multi-user environment, these directories can be created at
         // different points and it's possible we'll attempt to open a profile
         // dir before it exists.
@@ -489,66 +486,61 @@
     return profile_dir_fd;
 }
 
-static fd_t open_primary_profile_file_from_dir(const std::string& profile_dir, mode_t open_mode) {
-    fd_t profile_dir_fd  = open_profile_dir(profile_dir);
-    if (profile_dir_fd < 0) {
-        return -1;
+static unique_fd open_primary_profile_file_from_dir(const std::string& profile_dir,
+        mode_t open_mode) {
+    unique_fd profile_dir_fd  = open_profile_dir(profile_dir);
+    if (profile_dir_fd.get() < 0) {
+        return invalid_unique_fd();
     }
 
-    fd_t profile_fd = -1;
     std::string profile_file = create_primary_profile(profile_dir);
-
-    profile_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(profile_file.c_str(), open_mode | O_NOFOLLOW, 0600));
+    unique_fd profile_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(profile_file.c_str(),
+            open_mode | O_NOFOLLOW, 0600)));
     if (profile_fd == -1) {
         // It's not an error if the profile file does not exist.
         if (errno != ENOENT) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to lstat profile_dir: " << profile_dir;
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open profile : " << profile_file;
         }
     }
-    // TODO(calin): use AutoCloseFD instead of closing the fd manually.
-    if (close(profile_dir_fd) != 0) {
-        PLOG(WARNING) << "Could not close profile dir " << profile_dir;
-    }
     return profile_fd;
 }
 
-static fd_t open_primary_profile_file(userid_t user, const std::string& pkgname) {
+static unique_fd open_primary_profile_file(userid_t user, const std::string& pkgname) {
     std::string profile_dir = create_data_user_profile_package_path(user, pkgname);
     return open_primary_profile_file_from_dir(profile_dir, O_RDONLY);
 }
 
-static fd_t open_reference_profile(uid_t uid, const std::string& pkgname, bool read_write) {
+static unique_fd open_reference_profile(uid_t uid, const std::string& pkgname, bool read_write) {
     std::string reference_profile_dir = create_data_ref_profile_package_path(pkgname);
     int flags = read_write ? O_RDWR | O_CREAT : O_RDONLY;
-    fd_t fd = open_primary_profile_file_from_dir(reference_profile_dir, flags);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        return -1;
+    unique_fd fd = open_primary_profile_file_from_dir(reference_profile_dir, flags);
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
+        return invalid_unique_fd();
     }
     if (read_write) {
         // Fix the owner.
-        if (fchown(fd, uid, uid) < 0) {
-            close(fd);
-            return -1;
+        if (fchown(fd.get(), uid, uid) < 0) {
+            return invalid_unique_fd();
         }
     }
     return fd;
 }
 
 static void open_profile_files(uid_t uid, const std::string& pkgname,
-            /*out*/ std::vector<fd_t>* profiles_fd, /*out*/ fd_t* reference_profile_fd) {
+            /*out*/ std::vector<unique_fd>* profiles_fd, /*out*/ unique_fd* reference_profile_fd) {
     // Open the reference profile in read-write mode as profman might need to save the merge.
-    *reference_profile_fd = open_reference_profile(uid, pkgname, /*read_write*/ true);
-    if (*reference_profile_fd < 0) {
+    reference_profile_fd->reset(open_reference_profile(uid, pkgname, /*read_write*/ true));
+    if (reference_profile_fd->get() < 0) {
         // We can't access the reference profile file.
         return;
     }
 
     std::vector<userid_t> users = get_known_users(/*volume_uuid*/ nullptr);
     for (auto user : users) {
-        fd_t profile_fd = open_primary_profile_file(user, pkgname);
+        unique_fd profile_fd = open_primary_profile_file(user, pkgname);
         // Add to the lists only if both fds are valid.
-        if (profile_fd >= 0) {
-            profiles_fd->push_back(profile_fd);
+        if (profile_fd.get() >= 0) {
+            profiles_fd->push_back(std::move(profile_fd));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -580,18 +572,19 @@
 static constexpr int PROFMAN_BIN_RETURN_CODE_ERROR_IO = 3;
 static constexpr int PROFMAN_BIN_RETURN_CODE_ERROR_LOCKING = 4;
 
-static void run_profman_merge(const std::vector<fd_t>& profiles_fd, fd_t reference_profile_fd) {
+static void run_profman_merge(const std::vector<unique_fd>& profiles_fd,
+        const unique_fd& reference_profile_fd) {
     static const size_t MAX_INT_LEN = 32;
     static const char* PROFMAN_BIN = "/system/bin/profman";
 
     std::vector<std::string> profile_args(profiles_fd.size());
     char profile_buf[strlen("--profile-file-fd=") + MAX_INT_LEN];
     for (size_t k = 0; k < profiles_fd.size(); k++) {
-        sprintf(profile_buf, "--profile-file-fd=%d", profiles_fd[k]);
+        sprintf(profile_buf, "--profile-file-fd=%d", profiles_fd[k].get());
         profile_args[k].assign(profile_buf);
     }
     char reference_profile_arg[strlen("--reference-profile-file-fd=") + MAX_INT_LEN];
-    sprintf(reference_profile_arg, "--reference-profile-file-fd=%d", reference_profile_fd);
+    sprintf(reference_profile_arg, "--reference-profile-file-fd=%d", reference_profile_fd.get());
 
     // program name, reference profile fd, the final NULL and the profile fds
     const char* argv[3 + profiles_fd.size()];
@@ -615,16 +608,12 @@
 // If the return value is true all the current profiles would have been merged into
 // the reference profiles accessible with open_reference_profile().
 bool analyse_profiles(uid_t uid, const std::string& pkgname) {
-    std::vector<fd_t> profiles_fd;
-    fd_t reference_profile_fd = -1;
+    std::vector<unique_fd> profiles_fd;
+    unique_fd reference_profile_fd;
     open_profile_files(uid, pkgname, &profiles_fd, &reference_profile_fd);
-    if (profiles_fd.empty() || (reference_profile_fd == -1)) {
+    if (profiles_fd.empty() || (reference_profile_fd.get() < 0)) {
         // Skip profile guided compilation because no profiles were found.
         // Or if the reference profile info couldn't be opened.
-        close_all_fds(profiles_fd, "profiles_fd");
-        if ((reference_profile_fd != - 1) && (close(reference_profile_fd) != 0)) {
-            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to close fd for reference profile";
-        }
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -679,10 +668,7 @@
                 break;
         }
     }
-    close_all_fds(profiles_fd, "profiles_fd");
-    if (close(reference_profile_fd) != 0) {
-        PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to close fd for reference profile";
-    }
+
     if (should_clear_current_profiles) {
         clear_current_profiles(pkgname);
     }
@@ -692,28 +678,28 @@
     return need_to_compile;
 }
 
-static void run_profman_dump(const std::vector<fd_t>& profile_fds,
-                             fd_t reference_profile_fd,
+static void run_profman_dump(const std::vector<unique_fd>& profile_fds,
+                             const unique_fd& reference_profile_fd,
                              const std::vector<std::string>& dex_locations,
-                             const std::vector<fd_t>& apk_fds,
-                             fd_t output_fd) {
+                             const std::vector<unique_fd>& apk_fds,
+                             const unique_fd& output_fd) {
     std::vector<std::string> profman_args;
     static const char* PROFMAN_BIN = "/system/bin/profman";
     profman_args.push_back(PROFMAN_BIN);
     profman_args.push_back("--dump-only");
-    profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--dump-output-to-fd=%d", output_fd));
+    profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--dump-output-to-fd=%d", output_fd.get()));
     if (reference_profile_fd != -1) {
         profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--reference-profile-file-fd=%d",
-                                            reference_profile_fd));
+                                            reference_profile_fd.get()));
     }
-    for (fd_t profile_fd : profile_fds) {
-        profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--profile-file-fd=%d", profile_fd));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < profile_fds.size(); i++) {
+        profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--profile-file-fd=%d", profile_fds[i].get()));
     }
     for (const std::string& dex_location : dex_locations) {
         profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--dex-location=%s", dex_location.c_str()));
     }
-    for (fd_t apk_fd : apk_fds) {
-        profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--apk-fd=%d", apk_fd));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < apk_fds.size(); i++) {
+        profman_args.push_back(StringPrintf("--apk-fd=%d", apk_fds[i].get()));
     }
     const char **argv = new const char*[profman_args.size() + 1];
     size_t i = 0;
@@ -739,13 +725,13 @@
 }
 
 bool dump_profiles(int32_t uid, const std::string& pkgname, const char* code_paths) {
-    std::vector<fd_t> profile_fds;
-    fd_t reference_profile_fd = -1;
+    std::vector<unique_fd> profile_fds;
+    unique_fd reference_profile_fd;
     std::string out_file_name = StringPrintf("/data/misc/profman/%s.txt", pkgname.c_str());
 
     open_profile_files(uid, pkgname, &profile_fds, &reference_profile_fd);
 
-    const bool has_reference_profile = (reference_profile_fd != -1);
+    const bool has_reference_profile = (reference_profile_fd.get() != -1);
     const bool has_profiles = !profile_fds.empty();
 
     if (!has_reference_profile && !has_profiles) {
@@ -753,23 +739,23 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    fd_t output_fd = open(out_file_name.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_NOFOLLOW, 0644);
+    unique_fd output_fd(open(out_file_name.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_NOFOLLOW, 0644));
     if (fchmod(output_fd, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH) < 0) {
         ALOGE("installd cannot chmod '%s' dump_profile\n", out_file_name.c_str());
         return false;
     }
     std::vector<std::string> code_full_paths = base::Split(code_paths, ";");
     std::vector<std::string> dex_locations;
-    std::vector<fd_t> apk_fds;
+    std::vector<unique_fd> apk_fds;
     for (const std::string& code_full_path : code_full_paths) {
         const char* full_path = code_full_path.c_str();
-        fd_t apk_fd = open(full_path, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW);
+        unique_fd apk_fd(open(full_path, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW));
         if (apk_fd == -1) {
             ALOGE("installd cannot open '%s'\n", full_path);
             return false;
         }
         dex_locations.push_back(get_location_from_path(full_path));
-        apk_fds.push_back(apk_fd);
+        apk_fds.push_back(std::move(apk_fd));
     }
 
     pid_t pid = fork();
@@ -781,11 +767,6 @@
         exit(68);   /* only get here on exec failure */
     }
     /* parent */
-    close_all_fds(apk_fds, "apk_fds");
-    close_all_fds(profile_fds, "profile_fds");
-    if (close(reference_profile_fd) != 0) {
-        PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to close fd for reference profile";
-    }
     int return_code = wait_child(pid);
     if (!WIFEXITED(return_code)) {
         LOG(WARNING) << "profman failed for package " << pkgname << ": "
@@ -1053,17 +1034,17 @@
 
 // Creates the dexopt swap file if necessary and return its fd.
 // Returns -1 if there's no need for a swap or in case of errors.
-base::unique_fd maybe_open_dexopt_swap_file(const char* out_oat_path) {
+unique_fd maybe_open_dexopt_swap_file(const char* out_oat_path) {
     if (!ShouldUseSwapFileForDexopt()) {
-        return base::unique_fd();
+        return invalid_unique_fd();
     }
     // Make sure there really is enough space.
     char swap_file_name[PKG_PATH_MAX];
     strcpy(swap_file_name, out_oat_path);
     if (!add_extension_to_file_name(swap_file_name, ".swap")) {
-        return base::unique_fd();
+        return invalid_unique_fd();
     }
-    base::unique_fd swap_fd(open_output_file(
+    unique_fd swap_fd(open_output_file(
             swap_file_name, /*recreate*/true, /*permissions*/0600));
     if (swap_fd.get() < 0) {
         // Could not create swap file. Optimistically go on and hope that we can compile
@@ -1088,8 +1069,9 @@
     if (profile_guided && !is_secondary_dex && !is_public && (pkgname[0] != '*')) {
         // Open reference profile in read only mode as dex2oat does not get write permissions.
         const std::string pkgname_str(pkgname);
+        unique_fd profile_fd = open_reference_profile(uid, pkgname, /*read_write*/ false);
         return Dex2oatFileWrapper(
-                open_reference_profile(uid, pkgname, /*read_write*/ false),
+                profile_fd.release(),
                 [pkgname_str]() {
                     clear_reference_profile(pkgname_str.c_str());
                 });
@@ -1430,7 +1412,7 @@
     }
 
     // Open the input file.
-    base::unique_fd input_fd(open(dex_path, O_RDONLY, 0));
+    unique_fd input_fd(open(dex_path, O_RDONLY, 0));
     if (input_fd.get() < 0) {
         ALOGE("installd cannot open '%s' for input during dexopt\n", dex_path);
         return -1;
@@ -1453,7 +1435,7 @@
     }
 
     // Create a swap file if necessary.
-    base::unique_fd swap_fd = maybe_open_dexopt_swap_file(out_oat_path);
+    unique_fd swap_fd = maybe_open_dexopt_swap_file(out_oat_path);
 
     // Create the app image file if needed.
     Dex2oatFileWrapper image_fd =
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.h b/cmds/installd/dexopt.h
index fab4d94..df6d176 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.h
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@
 static constexpr int DEX2OAT_FOR_RELOCATION      = 4;
 static constexpr int PATCHOAT_FOR_RELOCATION     = 5;
 
-typedef int fd_t;
-
 bool clear_reference_profile(const std::string& pkgname);
 bool clear_current_profile(const std::string& pkgname, userid_t user);
 bool clear_current_profiles(const std::string& pkgname);
diff --git a/include/gui/BufferQueue.h b/include/gui/BufferQueue.h
index bd62d85..c95c535 100644
--- a/include/gui/BufferQueue.h
+++ b/include/gui/BufferQueue.h
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
 #include <gui/IConsumerListener.h>
 
+// These are only required to keep other parts of the framework with incomplete
+// dependencies building successfully
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
+
 namespace android {
 
 class BufferQueue {
@@ -77,9 +81,11 @@
     // needed gralloc buffers.
     static void createBufferQueue(sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* outProducer,
             sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer>* outConsumer,
+            const sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc>& allocator = NULL,
             bool consumerIsSurfaceFlinger = false);
 
-    BufferQueue() = delete; // Create through createBufferQueue
+private:
+    BufferQueue(); // Create through createBufferQueue
 };
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/include/gui/BufferQueueCore.h b/include/gui/BufferQueueCore.h
index 1e9585c..b1c730a 100644
--- a/include/gui/BufferQueueCore.h
+++ b/include/gui/BufferQueueCore.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 class IConsumerListener;
+class IGraphicBufferAlloc;
 class IProducerListener;
 
 class BufferQueueCore : public virtual RefBase {
@@ -78,8 +79,9 @@
     typedef Vector<BufferItem> Fifo;
 
     // BufferQueueCore manages a pool of gralloc memory slots to be used by
-    // producers and consumers.
-    BufferQueueCore();
+    // producers and consumers. allocator is used to allocate all the needed
+    // gralloc buffers.
+    BufferQueueCore(const sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc>& allocator = NULL);
     virtual ~BufferQueueCore();
 
 private:
@@ -141,6 +143,10 @@
     void validateConsistencyLocked() const;
 #endif
 
+    // mAllocator is the connection to SurfaceFlinger that is used to allocate
+    // new GraphicBuffer objects.
+    sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc> mAllocator;
+
     // mMutex is the mutex used to prevent concurrent access to the member
     // variables of BufferQueueCore objects. It must be locked whenever any
     // member variable is accessed.
diff --git a/include/gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h b/include/gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54c9829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_GUI_GRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC_H
+#define ANDROID_GUI_GRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
+#include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class GraphicBuffer;
+
+/*
+ * Concrete implementation of the IGraphicBufferAlloc interface.
+ *
+ * This can create GraphicBuffer instance across processes. This is mainly used
+ * by surfaceflinger.
+ */
+
+class GraphicBufferAlloc : public BnGraphicBufferAlloc {
+public:
+    GraphicBufferAlloc();
+    virtual ~GraphicBufferAlloc();
+    virtual sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t width,
+            uint32_t height, PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount,
+            uint64_t producerUsage, uint64_t consumerUsage,
+            std::string requestorName, status_t* error) override;
+};
+
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_GUI_GRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC_H
diff --git a/include/gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h b/include/gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e578cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_GUI_IGRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC_H
+#define ANDROID_GUI_IGRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <binder/IInterface.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+#include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android {
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class IGraphicBufferAlloc : public IInterface
+{
+public:
+    DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(GraphicBufferAlloc)
+
+    /* Create a new GraphicBuffer for the client to use.
+     */
+    virtual sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
+            PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount, uint64_t producerUsage,
+            uint64_t consumerUsage, std::string requestorName,
+            status_t* error) = 0;
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
+            PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount, uint32_t usage,
+            status_t* error) {
+        return createGraphicBuffer(w, h, format, layerCount, usage,
+                usage, "<Unknown>", error);
+    }
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
+            PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount, uint32_t usage,
+            std::string requestorName, status_t* error) {
+        return createGraphicBuffer(w, h, format, layerCount, usage,
+                usage, requestorName, error);
+    }
+
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
+            PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount, uint64_t producerUsage,
+            uint64_t consumerUsage, status_t* error) {
+        return createGraphicBuffer(w, h, format, layerCount, producerUsage,
+                consumerUsage, "<Unknown>", error);
+    }
+};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class BnGraphicBufferAlloc : public BnInterface<IGraphicBufferAlloc>
+{
+public:
+    virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code,
+                                const Parcel& data,
+                                Parcel* reply,
+                                uint32_t flags = 0);
+};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+}; // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_GUI_IGRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC_H
diff --git a/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h b/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
index 1112973..9870ba0 100644
--- a/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
+++ b/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 struct DisplayStatInfo;
 class HdrCapabilities;
 class IDisplayEventConnection;
+class IGraphicBufferAlloc;
 class IGraphicBufferProducer;
 class ISurfaceComposerClient;
 class Rect;
@@ -88,6 +89,10 @@
     virtual sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> createScopedConnection(
             const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& parent) = 0;
 
+    /* create a graphic buffer allocator
+     */
+    virtual sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc> createGraphicBufferAlloc() = 0;
+
     /* return an IDisplayEventConnection */
     virtual sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection() = 0;
 
@@ -200,7 +205,7 @@
         // Java by ActivityManagerService.
         BOOT_FINISHED = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
         CREATE_CONNECTION,
-        UNUSED, // formerly CREATE_GRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC
+        CREATE_GRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC,
         CREATE_DISPLAY_EVENT_CONNECTION,
         CREATE_DISPLAY,
         DESTROY_DISPLAY,
diff --git a/libs/gui/Android.bp b/libs/gui/Android.bp
index 9d2dcb6..a1b4abc 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/gui/Android.bp
@@ -70,9 +70,11 @@
         "DisplayEventReceiver.cpp",
         "FrameTimestamps.cpp",
         "GLConsumer.cpp",
+        "GraphicBufferAlloc.cpp",
         "GuiConfig.cpp",
         "IDisplayEventConnection.cpp",
         "IConsumerListener.cpp",
+        "IGraphicBufferAlloc.cpp",
         "IGraphicBufferConsumer.cpp",
         "IGraphicBufferProducer.cpp",
         "IProducerListener.cpp",
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp
index 4151212..13692eb 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueue.cpp
@@ -79,13 +79,14 @@
 
 void BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* outProducer,
         sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer>* outConsumer,
+        const sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc>& allocator,
         bool consumerIsSurfaceFlinger) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(outProducer == NULL,
             "BufferQueue: outProducer must not be NULL");
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(outConsumer == NULL,
             "BufferQueue: outConsumer must not be NULL");
 
-    sp<BufferQueueCore> core(new BufferQueueCore());
+    sp<BufferQueueCore> core(new BufferQueueCore(allocator));
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(core == NULL,
             "BufferQueue: failed to create BufferQueueCore");
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueueCore.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueueCore.cpp
index 1b8ffd7..9e3fecb 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueueCore.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueueCore.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
 
 #include <gui/BufferItem.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueueCore.h>
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/IConsumerListener.h>
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <private/gui/ComposerService.h>
@@ -52,7 +54,8 @@
     return id | counter++;
 }
 
-BufferQueueCore::BufferQueueCore() :
+BufferQueueCore::BufferQueueCore(const sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc>& allocator) :
+    mAllocator(allocator),
     mMutex(),
     mIsAbandoned(false),
     mConsumerControlledByApp(false),
@@ -94,6 +97,30 @@
     mLastQueuedSlot(INVALID_BUFFER_SLOT),
     mUniqueId(getUniqueId())
 {
+    if (allocator == NULL) {
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NO_SURFACE_FLINGER
+        // Without a SurfaceFlinger, allocate in-process.  This only makes
+        // sense in systems with static SELinux configurations and no
+        // applications (since applications need dynamic SELinux policy).
+        mAllocator = new GraphicBufferAlloc();
+#else
+        // Run time check for headless, where we also allocate in-process.
+        char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+        property_get("config.headless", value, "0");
+        if (atoi(value) == 1) {
+            mAllocator = new GraphicBufferAlloc();
+        } else {
+            sp<ISurfaceComposer> composer(ComposerService::getComposerService());
+            mAllocator = composer->createGraphicBufferAlloc();
+        }
+#endif  // HAVE_NO_SURFACE_FLINGER
+
+        if (mAllocator == NULL) {
+            BQ_LOGE("createGraphicBufferAlloc failed");
+        }
+    }
+
     int numStartingBuffers = getMaxBufferCountLocked();
     for (int s = 0; s < numStartingBuffers; s++) {
         mFreeSlots.insert(s);
diff --git a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
index b92e895..27ced61 100644
--- a/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/BufferQueueProducer.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <gui/BufferQueueProducer.h>
 #include <gui/GLConsumer.h>
 #include <gui/IConsumerListener.h>
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/IProducerListener.h>
 
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -453,7 +454,8 @@
         mSlots[found].mBufferState.dequeue();
 
         if ((buffer == NULL) ||
-                buffer->needsReallocation(width, height, format, BQ_LAYER_COUNT, usage))
+                buffer->needsReallocation(width, height, format, BQ_LAYER_COUNT,
+                usage))
         {
             mSlots[found].mAcquireCalled = false;
             mSlots[found].mGraphicBuffer = NULL;
@@ -501,13 +503,11 @@
     } // Autolock scope
 
     if (returnFlags & BUFFER_NEEDS_REALLOCATION) {
+        status_t error;
         BQ_LOGV("dequeueBuffer: allocating a new buffer for slot %d", *outSlot);
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(
-                width, height, format, BQ_LAYER_COUNT, usage, usage,
-                {mConsumerName.string(), mConsumerName.size()});
-
-        status_t error = graphicBuffer->initCheck();
-
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer(mCore->mAllocator->createGraphicBuffer(
+                width, height, format, BQ_LAYER_COUNT, usage,
+                {mConsumerName.string(), mConsumerName.size()}, &error));
         { // Autolock scope
             Mutex::Autolock lock(mCore->mMutex);
 
@@ -1329,12 +1329,11 @@
 
         Vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>> buffers;
         for (size_t i = 0; i <  newBufferCount; ++i) {
-            sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(
+            status_t result = NO_ERROR;
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer(mCore->mAllocator->createGraphicBuffer(
                     allocWidth, allocHeight, allocFormat, BQ_LAYER_COUNT,
-                    allocUsage, allocUsage, {mConsumerName.string(), mConsumerName.size()});
-
-            status_t result = graphicBuffer->initCheck();
-
+                    allocUsage, {mConsumerName.string(), mConsumerName.size()},
+                    &result));
             if (result != NO_ERROR) {
                 BQ_LOGE("allocateBuffers: failed to allocate buffer (%u x %u, format"
                         " %u, usage %u)", width, height, format, usage);
diff --git a/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp b/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp
index 9d0fa7e..8acdfed 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ConsumerBase.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <cutils/atomic.h>
 
 #include <gui/BufferItem.h>
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <gui/ConsumerBase.h>
diff --git a/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp b/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp
index c654f08..55e0d26 100644
--- a/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/GLConsumer.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 #include <gui/BufferItem.h>
 #include <gui/GLConsumer.h>
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.cpp b/libs/gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc7d403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ **
+ ** Copyright 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ **
+ ** Licensed under the Apache License Version 2.0(the "License");
+ ** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ ** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ **
+ **     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ **
+ ** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing software
+ ** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS
+ ** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND either express or implied.
+ ** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ ** limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+
+namespace android {
+
+GraphicBufferAlloc::GraphicBufferAlloc() = default;
+GraphicBufferAlloc::~GraphicBufferAlloc() = default;
+
+sp<GraphicBuffer> GraphicBufferAlloc::createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t width,
+        uint32_t height, PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount,
+        uint64_t producerUsage, uint64_t consumerUsage,
+        std::string requestorName, status_t* error) {
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer(new GraphicBuffer(
+            width, height, format, layerCount, producerUsage, consumerUsage,
+            std::move(requestorName)));
+    status_t err = graphicBuffer->initCheck();
+    *error = err;
+    if (err != 0 || graphicBuffer->handle == 0) {
+        if (err == NO_MEMORY) {
+            GraphicBuffer::dumpAllocationsToSystemLog();
+        }
+        ALOGE("GraphicBufferAlloc::createGraphicBuffer(w=%u, h=%u, lc=%u) failed (%s), handle=%p",
+                width, height, layerCount, strerror(-err),
+                graphicBuffer->handle);
+        graphicBuffer.clear();
+    }
+    return graphicBuffer;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.cpp b/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21a0dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// tag as surfaceflinger
+#define LOG_TAG "SurfaceFlinger"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace android {
+
+enum {
+    CREATE_GRAPHIC_BUFFER = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
+};
+
+class BpGraphicBufferAlloc : public BpInterface<IGraphicBufferAlloc>
+{
+public:
+    explicit BpGraphicBufferAlloc(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
+        : BpInterface<IGraphicBufferAlloc>(impl)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual ~BpGraphicBufferAlloc();
+
+    virtual sp<GraphicBuffer> createGraphicBuffer(uint32_t width,
+            uint32_t height, PixelFormat format, uint32_t layerCount,
+            uint64_t producerUsage, uint64_t consumerUsage,
+            std::string requestorName, status_t* error) {
+        Parcel data, reply;
+        data.writeInterfaceToken(IGraphicBufferAlloc::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+        data.writeUint32(width);
+        data.writeUint32(height);
+        data.writeInt32(static_cast<int32_t>(format));
+        data.writeUint32(layerCount);
+        data.writeUint64(producerUsage);
+        data.writeUint64(consumerUsage);
+        if (requestorName.empty()) {
+            requestorName += "[PID ";
+            requestorName += std::to_string(getpid());
+            requestorName += ']';
+        }
+        data.writeUtf8AsUtf16(requestorName);
+        remote()->transact(CREATE_GRAPHIC_BUFFER, data, &reply);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> graphicBuffer;
+        status_t result = reply.readInt32();
+        if (result == NO_ERROR) {
+            graphicBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+            result = reply.read(*graphicBuffer);
+            if (result != NO_ERROR) {
+                graphicBuffer.clear();
+            }
+            // reply.readStrongBinder();
+            // here we don't even have to read the BufferReference from
+            // the parcel, it'll die with the parcel.
+        }
+        *error = result;
+        return graphicBuffer;
+    }
+};
+
+// Out-of-line virtual method definition to trigger vtable emission in this
+// translation unit (see clang warning -Wweak-vtables)
+BpGraphicBufferAlloc::~BpGraphicBufferAlloc() {}
+
+IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(GraphicBufferAlloc, "android.ui.IGraphicBufferAlloc");
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+status_t BnGraphicBufferAlloc::onTransact(
+    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
+{
+    // codes that don't require permission check
+
+    // BufferReference just keeps a strong reference to a GraphicBuffer until it
+    // is destroyed (that is, until no local or remote process have a reference
+    // to it).
+    class BufferReference : public BBinder {
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer;
+    public:
+        explicit BufferReference(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) : mBuffer(buffer) {}
+    };
+
+
+    switch (code) {
+        case CREATE_GRAPHIC_BUFFER: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGraphicBufferAlloc, data, reply);
+            uint32_t width = data.readUint32();
+            uint32_t height = data.readUint32();
+            PixelFormat format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(data.readInt32());
+            uint32_t layerCount = data.readUint32();
+            uint64_t producerUsage = data.readUint64();
+            uint64_t consumerUsage = data.readUint64();
+            status_t error = NO_ERROR;
+            std::string requestorName;
+            data.readUtf8FromUtf16(&requestorName);
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> result = createGraphicBuffer(width, height,
+                    format, layerCount, producerUsage, consumerUsage,
+                    requestorName, &error);
+            reply->writeInt32(error);
+            if (result != 0) {
+                reply->write(*result);
+                // We add a BufferReference to this parcel to make sure the
+                // buffer stays alive until the GraphicBuffer object on
+                // the other side has been created.
+                // This is needed so that the buffer handle can be
+                // registered before the buffer is destroyed on implementations
+                // that do not use file-descriptors to track their buffers.
+                reply->writeStrongBinder( new BufferReference(result) );
+            }
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        }
+        default:
+            return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
+    }
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
index 2516fb8..4d2692f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 
 #include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
+#include <gui/IGraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposerClient.h>
@@ -71,6 +72,14 @@
         return interface_cast<ISurfaceComposerClient>(reply.readStrongBinder());
     }
 
+    virtual sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc> createGraphicBufferAlloc()
+    {
+        Parcel data, reply;
+        data.writeInterfaceToken(ISurfaceComposer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+        remote()->transact(BnSurfaceComposer::CREATE_GRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC, data, &reply);
+        return interface_cast<IGraphicBufferAlloc>(reply.readStrongBinder());
+    }
+
     virtual void setTransactionState(
             const Vector<ComposerState>& state,
             const Vector<DisplayState>& displays,
@@ -496,6 +505,12 @@
             reply->writeStrongBinder(b);
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
+        case CREATE_GRAPHIC_BUFFER_ALLOC: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
+            sp<IBinder> b = IInterface::asBinder(createGraphicBufferAlloc());
+            reply->writeStrongBinder(b);
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        }
         case SET_TRANSACTION_STATE: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
index be48c11..da6f13d 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
@@ -366,6 +366,9 @@
             const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& /* parent */) override {
         return nullptr;
     }
+    sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc> createGraphicBufferAlloc() override {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection() override {
         return nullptr;
     }
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp b/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp
index e25e909..2d9fc93 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
         if (err == NO_MEMORY) {
             GraphicBuffer::dumpAllocationsToSystemLog();
         }
-        ALOGE("GraphicBuffer(w=%u, h=%u, lc=%u) failed (%s), handle=%p",
+        ALOGE("GraphicBufferAlloc::createGraphicBuffer(w=%u, h=%u, lc=%u) failed (%s), handle=%p",
                 desc->width, desc->height, desc->layers, strerror(-err), gbuffer->handle);
         return err;
     }
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/vsync_client_api.h b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/vsync_client_api.h
index 4cdbc71..0ae5cd5 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/vsync_client_api.h
+++ b/libs/vr/libdisplay/include/private/dvr/vsync_client_api.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // The "dvr_vsync_client" structure wraps a client connection to the
 // system vsync service. It is used to synchronize application drawing
 // with the scanout of the display.
-typedef struct dvr_vsync_client dreamos_vsync_client;
+typedef struct dvr_vsync_client dvr_vsync_client;
 
 // Creates a new client to the system vsync service.
 dvr_vsync_client* dvr_vsync_client_create();
@@ -20,22 +20,14 @@
 // Destroys the vsync client.
 void dvr_vsync_client_destroy(dvr_vsync_client* client);
 
-// Blocks until the next vsync signal.
-// The timestamp (in ns) is written into |*timestamp_ns| when it is non-NULL.
-// Returns 0 upon success, or -errno.
-int dvr_vsync_client_wait(dvr_vsync_client* client, int64_t* timestamp_ns);
-
-// Returns the file descriptor used to communicate with the vsync service.
-int dvr_vsync_client_get_fd(dvr_vsync_client* client);
-
-// Clears the select/poll/epoll event so that subsequent calls to these
-// will not signal until the next vsync.
-int dvr_vsync_client_acknowledge(dvr_vsync_client* client);
-
-// Gets the timestamp of the last vsync signal in ns. This call has the
-// same side effects on events as acknowledge.
-int dvr_vsync_client_get_last_timestamp(dvr_vsync_client* client,
-                                        int64_t* timestamp_ns);
+// Get the estimated timestamp of the next GPU lens warp preemption event in
+// ns. Also returns the corresponding vsync count that the next lens warp
+// operation will target. This call has the same side effect on events as
+// Acknowledge, which saves an IPC message.
+int dvr_vsync_client_get_sched_info(dvr_vsync_client* client,
+                                    int64_t* vsync_period_ns,
+                                    int64_t* next_timestamp_ns,
+                                    uint32_t* next_vsync_count);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }  // extern "C"
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdisplay/vsync_client_api.cpp b/libs/vr/libdisplay/vsync_client_api.cpp
index 56103ed..00af525 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdisplay/vsync_client_api.cpp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdisplay/vsync_client_api.cpp
@@ -13,22 +13,12 @@
   delete static_cast<android::dvr::VSyncClient*>(client);
 }
 
-int dvr_vsync_client_wait(dvr_vsync_client* client, int64_t* timestamp_ns) {
-  return static_cast<android::dvr::VSyncClient*>(client)->Wait(timestamp_ns);
-}
-
-int dvr_vsync_client_get_fd(dvr_vsync_client* client) {
-  return static_cast<android::dvr::VSyncClient*>(client)->GetFd();
-}
-
-int dvr_vsync_client_acknowledge(dvr_vsync_client* client) {
-  return static_cast<android::dvr::VSyncClient*>(client)->Acknowledge();
-}
-
-int dvr_vsync_client_get_last_timestamp(dvr_vsync_client* client,
-                                        int64_t* timestamp_ns) {
-  return static_cast<android::dvr::VSyncClient*>(client)->GetLastTimestamp(
-      timestamp_ns);
+int dvr_vsync_client_get_sched_info(dvr_vsync_client* client,
+                                    int64_t* vsync_period_ns,
+                                    int64_t* next_timestamp_ns,
+                                    uint32_t* next_vsync_count) {
+  return static_cast<android::dvr::VSyncClient*>(client)->GetSchedInfo(
+      vsync_period_ns, next_timestamp_ns, next_vsync_count);
 }
 
 }  // extern "C"
diff --git a/opengl/libs/Android.bp b/opengl/libs/Android.bp
index aa67d41..6a62e8d 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/Android.bp
+++ b/opengl/libs/Android.bp
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@
         "-fvisibility=hidden",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
+        // ***** DO NOT ADD NEW DEPENDENCIES HERE *****
+        // In particular, DO NOT add libutils or anything "above" libcutils
         "libcutils",
         "liblog",
         "libdl",
@@ -77,9 +79,11 @@
         "-DLOG_TAG=\"libEGL\"",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libutils",
+        // ***** DO NOT ADD NEW DEPENDENCIES HERE *****
+        // In particular, DO NOT add libutils nor anything "above" libui
         "libui",
         "libnativewindow",
+        "libbacktrace",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -142,7 +146,6 @@
     name: "libGLESv1_CM",
     defaults: ["gles_libs_defaults"],
     srcs: ["GLES_CM/gl.cpp"],
-
     cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"libGLESv1\""],
 }
 
@@ -153,9 +156,6 @@
     name: "libGLESv2",
     defaults: ["gles_libs_defaults"],
     srcs: ["GLES2/gl2.cpp"],
-
-    shared_libs: ["libutils"],
-
     cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"libGLESv2\""],
 }
 
@@ -166,8 +166,5 @@
     name: "libGLESv3",
     defaults: ["gles_libs_defaults"],
     srcs: ["GLES2/gl2.cpp"],
-
-    shared_libs: ["libutils"],
-
     cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"libGLESv3\""],
 }
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/CallStack.h b/opengl/libs/EGL/CallStack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e2a9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/CallStack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+class CallStack {
+public:
+    // Create a callstack with the current thread's stack trace.
+    // Immediately dump it to logcat using the given logtag.
+    static void log(const char* logtag) noexcept {
+        std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(
+                Backtrace::Create(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD));
+        if (backtrace->Unwind(2)) {
+            for (size_t i = 0, c = backtrace->NumFrames(); i < c; i++) {
+                __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, logtag, "%s",
+                        backtrace->FormatFrameData(i).c_str());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl.cpp
index f44c1ca..f53cf3f 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl.cpp
@@ -24,14 +24,13 @@
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include <utils/CallStack.h>
-
 #include "../egl_impl.h"
 
 #include "egldefs.h"
 #include "egl_tls.h"
 #include "egl_display.h"
 #include "egl_object.h"
+#include "CallStack.h"
 #include "Loader.h"
 
 typedef __eglMustCastToProperFunctionPointerType EGLFuncPointer;
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@
         char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
         property_get("debug.egl.callstack", value, "0");
         if (atoi(value)) {
-            CallStack stack(LOG_TAG);
+            CallStack::log(LOG_TAG);
         }
     }
     return 0;
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@
         char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
         property_get("debug.egl.callstack", value, "0");
         if (atoi(value)) {
-            CallStack stack(LOG_TAG);
+            CallStack::log(LOG_TAG);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_tls.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_tls.cpp
index ca8684e..8508c5f 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_tls.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_tls.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/CallStack.h>
-
+#include "CallStack.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@
             char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
             property_get("debug.egl.callstack", value, "0");
             if (atoi(value)) {
-                CallStack stack(LOG_TAG);
+                CallStack::log(LOG_TAG);
             }
         }
         tls->error = error;
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/getProcAddress.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/getProcAddress.cpp
index 450c402..c05e840 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/getProcAddress.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/getProcAddress.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 
 #include "egldefs.h"
 
diff --git a/opengl/libs/GLES2/gl2.cpp b/opengl/libs/GLES2/gl2.cpp
index c206041..f7fde96 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/GLES2/gl2.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/GLES2/gl2.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include "../hooks.h"
diff --git a/opengl/libs/GLES_CM/gl.cpp b/opengl/libs/GLES_CM/gl.cpp
index e698fcd..bacd4b4 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/GLES_CM/gl.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/GLES_CM/gl.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include <GLES/gl.h>
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/FramebufferSurface.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/FramebufferSurface.cpp
index 92a7794..9a0e94e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/FramebufferSurface.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/FramebufferSurface.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <hardware/hardware.h>
 #include <gui/BufferItem.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
 
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 51984b7..295b229 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
     // Creates a custom BufferQueue for SurfaceFlingerConsumer to use
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
     sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
-    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer, true);
+    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer, nullptr, true);
     mProducer = new MonitoredProducer(producer, mFlinger, this);
     mSurfaceFlingerConsumer = new SurfaceFlingerConsumer(consumer, mTextureName, this);
     mSurfaceFlingerConsumer->setConsumerUsageBits(getEffectiveUsage(0));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index ca6d941..8420807 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <gui/GuiConfig.h>
 #include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 
 #include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
@@ -321,6 +322,12 @@
     return mBuiltinDisplays[id];
 }
 
+sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc> SurfaceFlinger::createGraphicBufferAlloc()
+{
+    sp<GraphicBufferAlloc> gba(new GraphicBufferAlloc());
+    return gba;
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::bootFinished()
 {
     if (mStartBootAnimThread->join() != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -1126,7 +1133,8 @@
 
         sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
         sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
-        BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+        BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer,
+                new GraphicBufferAlloc());
 
         sp<FramebufferSurface> fbs = new FramebufferSurface(*mHwc,
                 DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY, consumer);
@@ -1887,7 +1895,8 @@
                     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
                     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> bqProducer;
                     sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> bqConsumer;
-                    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&bqProducer, &bqConsumer);
+                    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&bqProducer, &bqConsumer,
+                            new GraphicBufferAlloc());
 
                     int32_t hwcId = -1;
                     if (state.isVirtualDisplay()) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index e5aa0bb..7269afe 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 class Client;
 class DisplayEventConnection;
 class EventThread;
+class IGraphicBufferAlloc;
 class Layer;
 class LayerDim;
 class Surface;
@@ -227,6 +228,7 @@
      */
     virtual sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> createConnection();
     virtual sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> createScopedConnection(const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& gbp);
+    virtual sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc> createGraphicBufferAlloc();
     virtual sp<IBinder> createDisplay(const String8& displayName, bool secure);
     virtual void destroyDisplay(const sp<IBinder>& display);
     virtual sp<IBinder> getBuiltInDisplay(int32_t id);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger_hwc1.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger_hwc1.cpp
index 147232c..8c651da 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger_hwc1.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger_hwc1.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <gui/GuiConfig.h>
 #include <gui/IDisplayEventConnection.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
 
 #include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/HdrCapabilities.h>
@@ -294,6 +295,12 @@
     return mBuiltinDisplays[id];
 }
 
+sp<IGraphicBufferAlloc> SurfaceFlinger::createGraphicBufferAlloc()
+{
+    sp<GraphicBufferAlloc> gba(new GraphicBufferAlloc());
+    return gba;
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::bootFinished()
 {
     if (mStartBootAnimThread->join() != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -530,7 +537,8 @@
 
             sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
             sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
-            BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+            BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer,
+                    new GraphicBufferAlloc());
 
             sp<FramebufferSurface> fbs = new FramebufferSurface(*mHwc, i,
                     consumer);
@@ -1660,7 +1668,8 @@
                     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
                     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> bqProducer;
                     sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> bqConsumer;
-                    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&bqProducer, &bqConsumer);
+                    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&bqProducer, &bqConsumer,
+                            new GraphicBufferAlloc());
 
                     int32_t hwcDisplayId = -1;
                     if (state.isVirtualDisplay()) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Android.mk b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8c2133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := test-hwc2
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += \
+    -fstack-protector-all \
+    -g \
+    -Wall -Wextra \
+    -Werror \
+    -fno-builtin \
+    -DEGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES \
+    -DGL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
+    libcutils \
+    libutils \
+    libhardware \
+    libEGL \
+    libGLESv2 \
+    libui \
+    libgui \
+    liblog \
+    libsync
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
+    libbase \
+    libadf \
+    libadfhwc
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
+    Hwc2Test.cpp \
+    Hwc2TestProperties.cpp \
+    Hwc2TestLayer.cpp \
+    Hwc2TestLayers.cpp \
+    Hwc2TestBuffer.cpp \
+    Hwc2TestClientTarget.cpp \
+    Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.cpp
+
+include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2Test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..062485e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4556 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <array>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <hardware/hardware.h>
+#include <sync/sync.h>
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+#include "Hwc2TestLayer.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestLayers.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestClientTarget.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.h"
+
+void hwc2TestHotplugCallback(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+        hwc2_display_t display, int32_t connected);
+void hwc2TestVsyncCallback(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+        hwc2_display_t display, int64_t timestamp);
+
+class Hwc2Test : public testing::Test {
+public:
+
+    virtual void SetUp()
+    {
+        hw_module_t const* hwc2Module;
+
+        int err = hw_get_module(HWC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &hwc2Module);
+        ASSERT_GE(err, 0) << "failed to get hwc hardware module: "
+                << strerror(-err);
+
+        /* The following method will fail if you have not run
+         * "adb shell stop" */
+        err = hwc2_open(hwc2Module, &mHwc2Device);
+        ASSERT_GE(err, 0) << "failed to open hwc hardware module: "
+                << strerror(-err);
+
+        populateDisplays();
+    }
+
+    virtual void TearDown()
+    {
+
+        for (auto itr = mLayers.begin(); itr != mLayers.end();) {
+            hwc2_display_t display = itr->first;
+            hwc2_layer_t layer = itr->second;
+            itr++;
+            /* Destroys and removes the layer from mLayers */
+            destroyLayer(display, layer);
+        }
+
+        for (auto itr = mActiveDisplays.begin(); itr != mActiveDisplays.end();) {
+            hwc2_display_t display = *itr;
+            itr++;
+            /* Sets power mode to off and removes the display from
+             * mActiveDisplays */
+            setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+        }
+
+        for (auto itr = mVirtualDisplays.begin(); itr != mVirtualDisplays.end();) {
+            hwc2_display_t display = *itr;
+            itr++;
+            /* Destroys virtual displays */
+            destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
+        }
+
+        if (mHwc2Device)
+            hwc2_close(mHwc2Device);
+    }
+
+    void registerCallback(hwc2_callback_descriptor_t descriptor,
+            hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData, hwc2_function_pointer_t pointer,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_REGISTER_CALLBACK>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_REGISTER_CALLBACK));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, descriptor,
+                callbackData, pointer));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to register callback";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getDisplayType(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_display_type_t* outType,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_TYPE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_TYPE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                    reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outType)));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get display type";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If the populateDisplays function is still receiving displays and the
+     * display is connected, the display handle is stored in mDisplays. */
+    void hotplugCallback(hwc2_display_t display, int32_t connected)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mHotplugMutex);
+
+        if (mHotplugStatus != Hwc2TestHotplugStatus::Receiving)
+            return;
+
+        if (connected == HWC2_CONNECTION_CONNECTED)
+            mDisplays.insert(display);
+
+        mHotplugCv.notify_all();
+    }
+
+    void createLayer(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t* outLayer,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_CREATE_LAYER>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_CREATE_LAYER));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                outLayer));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+            mLayers.insert(std::make_pair(display, *outLayer));
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to create layer";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroyLayer(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_LAYER>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_DESTROY_LAYER));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+            mLayers.erase(std::make_pair(display, layer));
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to destroy layer "
+                    << layer;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getDisplayAttribute(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_config_t config,
+            hwc2_attribute_t attribute, int32_t* outValue,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, config,
+                attribute, outValue));
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get display attribute "
+                    << getAttributeName(attribute) << " for config " << config;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getDisplayConfigs(hwc2_display_t display,
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t>* outConfigs,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t numConfigs = 0;
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                &numConfigs, nullptr));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+            outConfigs->resize(numConfigs);
+
+            err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                    &numConfigs, outConfigs->data()));
+        }
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get configs for"
+                    " display " << display;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getActiveConfig(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_config_t* outConfig,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                outConfig));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get active config on"
+                    " display " << display;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setActiveConfig(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_config_t config,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, config));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set active config "
+                    << config;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getDozeSupport(hwc2_display_t display, int32_t* outSupport,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_DOZE_SUPPORT>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DOZE_SUPPORT));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                outSupport));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get doze support on"
+                    " display " << display;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setPowerMode(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_power_mode_t mode,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_POWER_MODE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_POWER_MODE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                mode));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+            if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+                return;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set power mode "
+                    << getPowerModeName(mode) << " on display " << display;
+        }
+
+        if (mode == HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF) {
+            mActiveDisplays.erase(display);
+        } else {
+            mActiveDisplays.insert(display);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setVsyncEnabled(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_vsync_t enabled,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_VSYNC_ENABLED>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_VSYNC_ENABLED));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                enabled));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set vsync enabled "
+                    << getVsyncName(enabled);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void vsyncCallback(hwc2_display_t display, int64_t timestamp)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mVsyncMutex);
+        mVsyncDisplay = display;
+        mVsyncTimestamp = timestamp;
+        mVsyncCv.notify_all();
+    }
+
+    void getDisplayName(hwc2_display_t display, std::string* outName,
+                hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_NAME>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_NAME));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t size = 0;
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, &size,
+                nullptr));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+            std::vector<char> name(size);
+
+            err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, &size,
+                    name.data()));
+
+            outName->assign(name.data());
+        }
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get display name for "
+                    << display;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerCompositionType(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            hwc2_composition_t composition, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                composition));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer composition"
+                    " type " << getCompositionName(composition);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setCursorPosition(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            int32_t x, int32_t y, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_CURSOR_POSITION>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_CURSOR_POSITION));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer, x,
+                y));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set cursor position";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerBlendMode(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            hwc2_blend_mode_t mode, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                mode));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer blend mode "
+                    << getBlendModeName(mode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerBuffer(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            buffer_handle_t buffer, int32_t acquireFence,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BUFFER>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_BUFFER));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                buffer, acquireFence));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer buffer";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerColor(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            hwc_color_t color, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COLOR>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_COLOR));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                color));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer color";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerDataspace(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            android_dataspace_t dataspace, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_DATASPACE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_DATASPACE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                layer, dataspace));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer dataspace";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerDisplayFrame(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            const hwc_rect_t& displayFrame, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                displayFrame));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer display"
+                    " frame";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerPlaneAlpha(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            float alpha, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                alpha));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer plane alpha "
+                    << alpha;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerSourceCrop(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            const hwc_frect_t& sourceCrop, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                sourceCrop));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer source crop";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerSurfaceDamage(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            const hwc_region_t& surfaceDamage, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                surfaceDamage));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer surface"
+                    " damage";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerTransform(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            hwc_transform_t transform, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                transform));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer transform "
+                    << getTransformName(transform);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerVisibleRegion(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            const hwc_region_t& visibleRegion, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                visibleRegion));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer visible"
+                    " region";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerZOrder(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            uint32_t zOrder, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, layer,
+                zOrder));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set layer z order "
+                    << zOrder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void validateDisplay(hwc2_display_t display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+            uint32_t* outNumRequests, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_VALIDATE_DISPLAY>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_VALIDATE_DISPLAY));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        *outErr = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                outNumTypes, outNumRequests));
+    }
+
+    void validateDisplay(hwc2_display_t display, uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+            uint32_t* outNumRequests, bool* outHasChanges)
+    {
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(validateDisplay(display, outNumTypes,
+                outNumRequests, &err));
+
+        if (err != HWC2_ERROR_HAS_CHANGES) {
+            *outHasChanges = false;
+            EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to validate display";
+        } else {
+            *outHasChanges = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getDisplayRequests(hwc2_display_t display,
+            hwc2_display_request_t* outDisplayRequests,
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* outLayers,
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_request_t>* outLayerRequests,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t numElements = 0;
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outDisplayRequests), &numElements,
+                nullptr, nullptr));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE && numElements > 0) {
+            outLayers->resize(numElements);
+            outLayerRequests->resize(numElements);
+
+            err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                    reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outDisplayRequests), &numElements,
+                    reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(outLayers->data()),
+                    reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outLayerRequests->data())));
+        }
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get display requests";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void handleRequests(hwc2_display_t display,
+            const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers, uint32_t numRequests,
+            std::set<hwc2_layer_t>* outClearLayers = nullptr,
+            bool* outFlipClientTarget = nullptr)
+    {
+        hwc2_display_request_t displayRequest =
+                static_cast<hwc2_display_request_t>(0);
+        std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> requestedLayers;
+        std::vector<hwc2_layer_request_t> requests;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayRequests(display, &displayRequest,
+                &requestedLayers, &requests));
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(numRequests, requests.size()) << "validate returned "
+                << numRequests << " requests and get display requests returned "
+                << requests.size() << " requests";
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < requests.size(); i++) {
+            hwc2_layer_t requestedLayer = requestedLayers.at(i);
+            hwc2_layer_request_t request = requests.at(i);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::count(layers.begin(), layers.end(), requestedLayer),
+                    0) << "get display requests returned an unknown layer";
+            EXPECT_NE(request, 0) << "returned empty request for layer "
+                    << requestedLayer;
+
+            if (outClearLayers && request
+                    == HWC2_LAYER_REQUEST_CLEAR_CLIENT_TARGET)
+                outClearLayers->insert(requestedLayer);
+        }
+
+        if (outFlipClientTarget)
+            *outFlipClientTarget = displayRequest
+                    & HWC2_DISPLAY_REQUEST_FLIP_CLIENT_TARGET;
+    }
+
+    void getChangedCompositionTypes(hwc2_display_t display,
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* outLayers,
+            std::vector<hwc2_composition_t>* outTypes,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t numElements = 0;
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                &numElements, nullptr, nullptr));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE && numElements > 0) {
+            outLayers->resize(numElements);
+            outTypes->resize(numElements);
+
+            err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                    &numElements, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(outLayers->data()),
+                    reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outTypes->data())));
+        }
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get changed"
+                    " composition types";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void handleCompositionChanges(hwc2_display_t display,
+            const Hwc2TestLayers& testLayers,
+            const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers, uint32_t numTypes,
+            std::set<hwc2_layer_t>* outClientLayers = nullptr)
+    {
+        std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> changedLayers;
+        std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> types;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getChangedCompositionTypes(display,
+                &changedLayers, &types));
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(numTypes, types.size()) << "validate returned "
+                << numTypes << " types and get changed composition types"
+                " returned " << types.size() << " types";
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < types.size(); i++) {
+
+            auto layer = std::find(layers.begin(), layers.end(),
+                    changedLayers.at(i));
+
+            EXPECT_TRUE(layer != layers.end() || !testLayers.contains(*layer))
+                    << "get changed composition types returned an unknown layer";
+
+            hwc2_composition_t requestedType = testLayers.getComposition(*layer);
+            hwc2_composition_t returnedType = types.at(i);
+
+            EXPECT_NE(returnedType, HWC2_COMPOSITION_INVALID) << "get changed"
+                    " composition types returned invalid composition";
+
+            switch (requestedType) {
+            case HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT:
+                EXPECT_TRUE(false) << getCompositionName(returnedType)
+                        << " cannot be changed";
+                break;
+            case HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE:
+            case HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR:
+                EXPECT_EQ(returnedType, HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT)
+                        << "composition of type "
+                        << getCompositionName(requestedType)
+                        << " can only be changed to "
+                        << getCompositionName(HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT);
+                break;
+            case HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR:
+            case HWC2_COMPOSITION_SIDEBAND:
+                EXPECT_TRUE(returnedType == HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT
+                        || returnedType == HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE)
+                        << "composition of type "
+                        << getCompositionName(requestedType)
+                        << " can only be changed to "
+                        << getCompositionName(HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT) << " or "
+                        << getCompositionName(HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE);
+                break;
+            default:
+                EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "unknown type "
+                        << getCompositionName(requestedType);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (outClientLayers)
+                if (returnedType == HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT)
+                    outClientLayers->insert(*layer);
+        }
+
+        if (outClientLayers) {
+            for (auto layer : layers) {
+                if (testLayers.getComposition(layer) == HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT)
+                    outClientLayers->insert(layer);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void acceptDisplayChanges(hwc2_display_t display,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to accept display changes";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getClientTargetSupport(hwc2_display_t display, int32_t width,
+            int32_t height, android_pixel_format_t format,
+            android_dataspace_t dataspace, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, width,
+                height, format, dataspace));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get client target"
+                    " support";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setClientTarget(hwc2_display_t display, buffer_handle_t handle,
+            int32_t acquireFence, android_dataspace_t dataspace,
+            hwc_region_t damage, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_CLIENT_TARGET>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_CLIENT_TARGET));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, handle,
+                acquireFence, dataspace, damage));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set client target";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void presentDisplay(hwc2_display_t display, int32_t* outPresentFence,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_PRESENT_DISPLAY>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_PRESENT_DISPLAY));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                outPresentFence));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to present display";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getReleaseFences(hwc2_display_t display,
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* outLayers,
+            std::vector<int32_t>* outFences, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_RELEASE_FENCES>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_RELEASE_FENCES));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t numElements = 0;
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                &numElements, nullptr, nullptr));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+            outLayers->resize(numElements);
+            outFences->resize(numElements);
+
+            err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                    &numElements, outLayers->data(), outFences->data()));
+        }
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get release fences";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getColorModes(hwc2_display_t display,
+            std::vector<android_color_mode_t>* outColorModes,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_COLOR_MODES>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_COLOR_MODES));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t numColorModes = 0;
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                &numColorModes, nullptr));
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+            outColorModes->resize(numColorModes);
+
+            err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                    &numColorModes,
+                    reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outColorModes->data())));
+        }
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get color modes for"
+                    " display " << display;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setColorMode(hwc2_display_t display, android_color_mode_t colorMode,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_COLOR_MODE>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_COLOR_MODE));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                static_cast<int32_t>(colorMode)));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set color mode "
+                    << colorMode;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getHdrCapabilities(hwc2_display_t display,
+            std::vector<android_hdr_t>* outTypes, float* outMaxLuminance,
+            float* outMaxAverageLuminance, float* outMinLuminance,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_HDR_CAPABILITIES>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_HDR_CAPABILITIES));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t numTypes = 0;
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                &numTypes, nullptr, outMaxLuminance, outMaxAverageLuminance,
+                outMinLuminance));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+            outTypes->resize(numTypes);
+
+            err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, &numTypes,
+                    reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outTypes->data()), outMaxLuminance,
+                    outMaxAverageLuminance, outMinLuminance));
+        }
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to get hdr capabilities"
+                    " for display " << display;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setColorTransform(hwc2_display_t display,
+            const std::array<float, 16>& matrix, android_color_transform_t hint,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display,
+                matrix.data(), hint));
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set color transform "
+                    << hint;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+            android_pixel_format_t* outFormat, hwc2_display_t* outDisplay,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, width, height,
+                reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outFormat), outDisplay));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+            mVirtualDisplays.insert(*outDisplay);
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to create virtual display";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroyVirtualDisplay(hwc2_display_t display,
+            hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display));
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+            mVirtualDisplays.erase(display);
+
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to destroy virtual display";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(uint32_t* outMaxCnt)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        *outMaxCnt = pfn(mHwc2Device);
+    }
+
+    void setOutputBuffer(hwc2_display_t display, buffer_handle_t buffer,
+            int32_t releaseFence, hwc2_error_t* outErr = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        auto err = static_cast<hwc2_error_t>(pfn(mHwc2Device, display, buffer,
+                releaseFence));
+        if (outErr) {
+            *outErr = err;
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to set output buffer";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void dump(std::string* outBuffer)
+    {
+        auto pfn = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_DUMP>(
+                getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_DUMP));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function";
+
+        uint32_t size = 0;
+
+        pfn(mHwc2Device, &size, nullptr);
+
+        std::vector<char> buffer(size);
+
+        pfn(mHwc2Device, &size, buffer.data());
+
+        outBuffer->assign(buffer.data());
+    }
+
+    void getBadDisplay(hwc2_display_t* outDisplay)
+    {
+        for (hwc2_display_t display = 0; display < UINT64_MAX; display++) {
+            if (mDisplays.count(display) == 0) {
+                *outDisplay = display;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "Unable to find bad display. UINT64_MAX displays"
+                " are registered. This should never happen.";
+    }
+
+    void waitForVsync(hwc2_display_t* outDisplay = nullptr,
+            int64_t* outTimestamp = nullptr)
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mVsyncMutex);
+        ASSERT_EQ(mVsyncCv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(3)),
+                std::cv_status::no_timeout) << "timed out attempting to get"
+                " vsync callback";
+        if (outDisplay)
+            *outDisplay = mVsyncDisplay;
+        if (outTimestamp)
+            *outTimestamp = mVsyncTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    void enableVsync(hwc2_display_t display)
+    {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, this,
+                reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(
+                hwc2TestVsyncCallback)));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE));
+    }
+
+    void disableVsync(hwc2_display_t display)
+    {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
+    }
+
+protected:
+    hwc2_function_pointer_t getFunction(hwc2_function_descriptor_t descriptor)
+    {
+        return mHwc2Device->getFunction(mHwc2Device, descriptor);
+    }
+
+    void getCapabilities(std::vector<hwc2_capability_t>* outCapabilities)
+    {
+        uint32_t num = 0;
+
+        mHwc2Device->getCapabilities(mHwc2Device, &num, nullptr);
+
+        outCapabilities->resize(num);
+
+        mHwc2Device->getCapabilities(mHwc2Device, &num,
+                reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(outCapabilities->data()));
+    }
+
+    /* Registers a hotplug callback and waits for hotplug callbacks. This
+     * function will have no effect if called more than once. */
+    void populateDisplays()
+    {
+        /* Sets the hotplug status to receiving */
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mHotplugMutex);
+
+            if (mHotplugStatus != Hwc2TestHotplugStatus::Init)
+                return;
+            mHotplugStatus = Hwc2TestHotplugStatus::Receiving;
+        }
+
+        /* Registers the callback. This function call cannot be locked because
+         * a callback could happen on the same thread */
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(HWC2_CALLBACK_HOTPLUG, this,
+                reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(
+                hwc2TestHotplugCallback)));
+
+        /* Waits for hotplug events. If a hotplug event has not come within 1
+         * second, stop waiting. */
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mHotplugMutex);
+
+        while (mHotplugCv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(1)) !=
+                std::cv_status::timeout) { }
+
+        /* Sets the hotplug status to done. Future calls will have no effect */
+        mHotplugStatus = Hwc2TestHotplugStatus::Done;
+    }
+
+    /* NOTE: will create min(newlayerCnt, max supported layers) layers */
+    void createLayers(hwc2_display_t display,
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* outLayers, size_t newLayerCnt)
+    {
+        std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> newLayers;
+        hwc2_layer_t layer;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < newLayerCnt; i++) {
+
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer, &err));
+            if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES)
+                break;
+            if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+                newLayers.clear();
+                ASSERT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "failed to create layer";
+            }
+            newLayers.push_back(layer);
+        }
+
+        *outLayers = std::move(newLayers);
+    }
+
+    void destroyLayers(hwc2_display_t display,
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>&& layers)
+    {
+        for (hwc2_layer_t layer : layers) {
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getInvalidConfig(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_config_t* outConfig)
+    {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        hwc2_config_t CONFIG_MAX = UINT32_MAX;
+
+        ASSERT_LE(configs.size() - 1, CONFIG_MAX) << "every config value"
+                " (2^32 values) has been taken which shouldn't happen";
+
+        hwc2_config_t config;
+        for (config = 0; config < CONFIG_MAX; config++) {
+            if (std::count(configs.begin(), configs.end(), config) == 0)
+                break;
+        }
+
+        *outConfig = config;
+    }
+
+    /* Calls a set property function from Hwc2Test to set a property value from
+     * Hwc2TestLayer to hwc2_layer_t on hwc2_display_t */
+    using TestLayerPropertyFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr);
+
+    /* Calls a set property function from Hwc2Test to set property values from
+     * Hwc2TestLayers to hwc2_layer_t on hwc2_display_t */
+    using TestLayerPropertiesFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers);
+
+    /* Calls a set property function from Hwc2Test to set a bad property value
+     * on hwc2_layer_t on hwc2_display_t */
+    using TestLayerPropertyBadLayerFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr);
+
+    /* Calls a set property function from Hwc2Test to set a bad property value
+     * on hwc2_layer_t on hwc2_display_t */
+    using TestLayerPropertyBadParameterFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer, hwc2_error_t* outErr);
+
+    /* Is called after a display is powered on and all layer properties have
+     * been set. It should be used to test functions such as validate, accepting
+     * changes, present, etc. */
+    using TestDisplayLayersFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display, const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+            Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers);
+
+    /* It is called on an non validated display */
+    using TestDisplayNonValidatedLayersFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display, std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* layers);
+
+    /* Tests client target support on a particular display and config */
+    using TestClientTargetSupportFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display,
+            const Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport& testClientTargetSupport);
+
+    /* Tests a particular active display config */
+    using TestActiveDisplayConfigFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display);
+
+    /* Tests a newly created virtual display */
+    using TestCreateVirtualDisplayFunction = void (*)(Hwc2Test* test,
+            hwc2_display_t display, Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay* testVirtualDisplay);
+
+    /* Advances a property of Hwc2TestLayer */
+    using AdvanceProperty = bool (*)(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer);
+
+    /* Advances properties of Hwc2TestLayers */
+    using AdvanceProperties = bool (*)(Hwc2TestLayers* testLayer);
+
+    /* Advances properties of Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport */
+    using AdvanceClientTargetSupport = bool (*)(
+            Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport* testClientTargetSupport);
+
+    /* For each active display it cycles through each display config and tests
+     * each property value. It creates a layer, sets the property and then
+     * destroys the layer */
+    void setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            TestLayerPropertyFunction function, AdvanceProperty advance)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                hwc2_layer_t layer;
+                Area displayArea;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display,
+                        &displayArea));
+                Hwc2TestLayer testLayer(coverage, displayArea);
+
+                do {
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layer,
+                            &testLayer, nullptr));
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+                } while (advance(&testLayer));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* For each active display it cycles through each display config and tests
+     * each property value. It creates a layer, cycles through each property
+     * value and updates the layer property value and then destroys the layer */
+    void setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            TestLayerPropertyFunction function, AdvanceProperty advance)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                hwc2_layer_t layer;
+                Area displayArea;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display,
+                        &displayArea));
+                Hwc2TestLayer testLayer(coverage, displayArea);
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+                do {
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layer,
+                            &testLayer, nullptr));
+                } while (advance(&testLayer));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* For each active display it cycles through each display config and tests
+     * each property value. It creates multiple layers, calls the
+     * TestLayerPropertiesFunction to set property values and then
+     * destroys the layers */
+    void setLayerProperties(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, size_t layerCnt,
+            TestLayerPropertiesFunction function, AdvanceProperties advance)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+                Area displayArea;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display,
+                        &displayArea));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayers(display, &layers, layerCnt));
+                Hwc2TestLayers testLayers(layers, coverage, displayArea);
+
+                do {
+                    for (auto layer : layers) {
+                        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layer,
+                                &testLayers));
+                    }
+                } while (advance(&testLayers));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayers(display, std::move(layers)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* For each active display it cycles through each display config.
+     * 1) It attempts to set a valid property value to bad layer handle.
+     * 2) It creates a layer x and attempts to set a valid property value to
+     *    layer x + 1
+     * 3) It destroys the layer x and attempts to set a valid property value to
+     *    the destroyed layer x.
+     */
+    void setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            TestLayerPropertyBadLayerFunction function)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                hwc2_layer_t layer = 0;
+                Area displayArea;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display,
+                        &displayArea));
+                Hwc2TestLayer testLayer(coverage, displayArea);
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layer,
+                        &testLayer, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layer + 1,
+                        &testLayer, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layer,
+                        &testLayer, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* For each active display it cycles through each display config and tests
+     * each property value. It creates a layer, sets a bad property value and
+     * then destroys the layer */
+    void setLayerPropertyBadParameter(TestLayerPropertyBadParameterFunction function)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                hwc2_layer_t layer;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layer, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER) << "returned wrong"
+                        " error code";
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* For each active display it powers on the display, cycles through each
+     * config and creates a set of layers with a certain amount of coverage.
+     * For each active display, for each config and for each set of layers,
+     * it calls the TestDisplayLayersFunction */
+    void displayLayers(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, size_t layerCnt,
+            TestDisplayLayersFunction function)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                Area displayArea;
+                std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display, &displayArea));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayers(display, &layers, layerCnt));
+                Hwc2TestLayers testLayers(layers, coverage, displayArea);
+
+                do {
+                    bool skip;
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperties(display, layers,
+                            &testLayers, &skip));
+                    if (!skip)
+                        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, layers,
+                                &testLayers));
+
+                } while (testLayers.advance());
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayers(display,
+                        std::move(layers)));
+            }
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* For each active display, it calls the
+     * TestDisplayNonValidatedLayersFunction on a variety on non-validated
+     * layer combinations */
+    void displayNonValidatedLayers(size_t layerCnt,
+            TestDisplayNonValidatedLayersFunction function)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+            bool hasChanges;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, &layers));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayers(display, &layers, layerCnt));
+
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, &layers));
+
+            for (auto layer : layers) {
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerCompositionType(display, layer,
+                        HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT));
+            }
+
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, &layers));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                    &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+
+            for (auto layer : layers) {
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerCompositionType(display, layer,
+                        HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE));
+            }
+
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, &layers));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayers(display, std::move(layers)));
+
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display, &layers));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Test client target support on each config on each active display */
+    void setClientTargetSupport(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            TestClientTargetSupportFunction function,
+            AdvanceClientTargetSupport advance)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                Area displayArea;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display,
+                        &displayArea));
+                Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport testClientTargetSupport(coverage,
+                        displayArea);
+
+                do {
+                    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display,
+                            testClientTargetSupport));
+
+                } while (advance(&testClientTargetSupport));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Cycles through each config on each active display and calls
+     * a TestActiveDisplayConfigFunction */
+    void setActiveDisplayConfig(TestActiveDisplayConfigFunction function)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Creates a virtual display for testing */
+    void createVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            TestCreateVirtualDisplayFunction function)
+    {
+        Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay testVirtualDisplay(coverage);
+
+        do {
+            hwc2_display_t display;
+            hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+            const UnsignedArea& dimension =
+                    testVirtualDisplay.getDisplayDimension();
+            android_pixel_format_t desiredFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createVirtualDisplay(dimension.width,
+                    dimension.height, &desiredFormat, &display, &err));
+
+            EXPECT_TRUE(err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE || err == HWC2_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES
+                    || err == HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+                    << "returned wrong error code";
+            EXPECT_GE(desiredFormat, 0) << "invalid format";
+
+            if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+                continue;
+
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(function(this, display,
+                    &testVirtualDisplay));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyVirtualDisplay(display));
+
+        } while (testVirtualDisplay.advance());
+    }
+
+
+    void getActiveConfigAttribute(hwc2_display_t display,
+            hwc2_attribute_t attribute, int32_t* outValue)
+    {
+        hwc2_config_t config;
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveConfig(display, &config));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                attribute, outValue));
+        ASSERT_GE(*outValue, 0) << "failed to get valid "
+                << getAttributeName(attribute);
+    }
+
+    void getActiveDisplayArea(hwc2_display_t display, Area* displayArea)
+    {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveConfigAttribute(display,
+                HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_WIDTH, &displayArea->width));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveConfigAttribute(display,
+                HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_HEIGHT, &displayArea->height));
+    }
+
+    void closeFences(hwc2_display_t display, int32_t presentFence)
+    {
+        std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+        std::vector<int32_t> fences;
+        const int msWait = 3000;
+
+        if (presentFence >= 0) {
+            ASSERT_GE(sync_wait(presentFence, msWait), 0);
+            close(presentFence);
+        }
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getReleaseFences(display, &layers, &fences));
+        EXPECT_EQ(layers.size(), fences.size());
+
+        for (int32_t fence : fences) {
+            EXPECT_GE(sync_wait(fence, msWait), 0);
+            if (fence >= 0)
+                close(fence);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setLayerProperties(hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+            Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers, bool* outSkip)
+    {
+        hwc2_composition_t composition;
+        buffer_handle_t handle = nullptr;
+        int32_t acquireFence;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+        *outSkip = true;
+
+        if (!testLayers->contains(layer))
+            return;
+
+        composition = testLayers->getComposition(layer);
+
+        /* If the device cannot support a buffer format, then do not continue */
+        if ((composition == HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE
+                || composition == HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR)
+                && testLayers->getBuffer(layer, &handle, &acquireFence) < 0)
+            return;
+
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerCompositionType(display, layer,
+                composition, &err));
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+            EXPECT_TRUE(composition != HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT
+                    && composition != HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE);
+
+        const hwc_rect_t cursor = testLayers->getCursorPosition(layer);
+
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerBuffer(display, layer, handle,
+                acquireFence));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerBlendMode(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getBlendMode(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerColor(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getColor(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setCursorPosition(display, layer, cursor.left,
+                cursor.top));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerDataspace(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getDataspace(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerDisplayFrame(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getDisplayFrame(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPlaneAlpha(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getPlaneAlpha(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerSourceCrop(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getSourceCrop(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerSurfaceDamage(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getSurfaceDamage(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerTransform(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getTransform(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerVisibleRegion(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getVisibleRegion(layer)));
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerZOrder(display, layer,
+                testLayers->getZOrder(layer)));
+
+        *outSkip = false;
+    }
+
+    void setLayerProperties(hwc2_display_t display,
+            const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+            Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers, bool* outSkip)
+    {
+        for (auto layer : layers) {
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperties(display, layer,
+                    testLayers, outSkip));
+            if (*outSkip)
+                return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setClientTarget(hwc2_display_t display,
+            Hwc2TestClientTarget* testClientTarget,
+            const Hwc2TestLayers& testLayers,
+            const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>& clientLayers,
+            const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>& clearLayers, bool flipClientTarget,
+            const Area& displayArea)
+    {
+        android_dataspace_t dataspace = HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN;
+        hwc_region_t damage = { };
+        buffer_handle_t handle;
+        int32_t acquireFence;
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(testClientTarget->getBuffer(testLayers, clientLayers,
+                clearLayers, flipClientTarget, displayArea, &handle,
+                &acquireFence), 0);
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setClientTarget(display, handle, acquireFence,
+                dataspace, damage));
+    }
+
+    void presentDisplays(size_t layerCnt, Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            const std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage>&
+            coverageExceptions, bool optimize)
+    {
+        for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+            std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(enableVsync(display));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+            for (auto config : configs) {
+                Area displayArea;
+                std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display,
+                        &displayArea));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayers(display, &layers, layerCnt));
+                Hwc2TestLayers testLayers(layers, coverage, displayArea,
+                        coverageExceptions);
+
+                if (optimize && !testLayers.optimizeLayouts())
+                    continue;
+
+                std::set<hwc2_layer_t> clientLayers;
+                std::set<hwc2_layer_t> clearLayers;
+                Hwc2TestClientTarget testClientTarget;
+
+                do {
+                    uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+                    bool hasChanges, skip;
+                    bool flipClientTarget;
+                    int32_t presentFence;
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperties(display, layers,
+                            &testLayers, &skip));
+                    if (skip)
+                        continue;
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                            &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+                    if (hasChanges)
+                        EXPECT_LE(numTypes, static_cast<uint32_t>(layers.size()))
+                                << "wrong number of requests";
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handleCompositionChanges(display,
+                            testLayers, layers, numTypes, &clientLayers));
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handleRequests(display, layers,
+                            numRequests, &clearLayers, &flipClientTarget));
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setClientTarget(display,
+                            &testClientTarget, testLayers, clientLayers,
+                            clearLayers, flipClientTarget, displayArea));
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(acceptDisplayChanges(display));
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForVsync());
+
+                    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplay(display,
+                            &presentFence));
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(closeFences(display, presentFence));
+
+                } while (testLayers.advance());
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayers(display,
+                        std::move(layers)));
+            }
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(disableVsync(display));
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+        }
+    }
+
+    hwc2_device_t* mHwc2Device = nullptr;
+
+    enum class Hwc2TestHotplugStatus {
+        Init = 1,
+        Receiving,
+        Done,
+    };
+
+    std::mutex mHotplugMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mHotplugCv;
+    Hwc2TestHotplugStatus mHotplugStatus = Hwc2TestHotplugStatus::Init;
+    std::unordered_set<hwc2_display_t> mDisplays;
+
+    /* Store all created layers that have not been destroyed. If an ASSERT_*
+     * fails, then destroy the layers on exit */
+    std::set<std::pair<hwc2_display_t, hwc2_layer_t>> mLayers;
+
+    /* Store the power mode state. If it is not HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF when
+     * tearing down the test cases, change it to HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF */
+    std::set<hwc2_display_t> mActiveDisplays;
+
+    /* Store all created virtual displays that have not been destroyed. If an
+     * ASSERT_* fails, then destroy the virtual displays on exit */
+    std::set<hwc2_display_t> mVirtualDisplays;
+
+    std::mutex mVsyncMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mVsyncCv;
+    hwc2_display_t mVsyncDisplay;
+    int64_t mVsyncTimestamp = -1;
+};
+
+void hwc2TestHotplugCallback(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+        hwc2_display_t display, int32_t connection)
+{
+    if (callbackData)
+        static_cast<Hwc2Test*>(callbackData)->hotplugCallback(display,
+                connection);
+}
+
+void hwc2TestVsyncCallback(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+        hwc2_display_t display, int64_t timestamp)
+{
+    if (callbackData)
+        static_cast<Hwc2Test*>(callbackData)->vsyncCallback(display,
+                timestamp);
+}
+
+void setBlendMode(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerBlendMode(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getBlendMode(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setBuffer(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    buffer_handle_t handle;
+    android::base::unique_fd acquireFence;
+    hwc2_composition_t composition = testLayer->getComposition();
+
+    if (composition == HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT
+            || composition == HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR
+            || composition == HWC2_COMPOSITION_SIDEBAND)
+        return;
+
+    if (testLayer->getBuffer(&handle, &acquireFence) < 0)
+        return;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerCompositionType(display, layer,
+            composition));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerBuffer(display, layer,
+            handle, acquireFence, outErr));
+}
+
+void setColor(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerCompositionType(display,
+            layer, HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerPlaneAlpha(display,
+            layer, testLayer->getPlaneAlpha()));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerBlendMode(display,
+            layer, testLayer->getBlendMode()));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerColor(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getColor(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setComposition(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    hwc2_composition_t composition = testLayer->getComposition();
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerCompositionType(display, layer,
+            composition, &err));
+    if (outErr) {
+        *outErr = err;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (composition != HWC2_COMPOSITION_SIDEBAND) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NONE) << "returned wrong error code";
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE || err == HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+                 << "returned wrong error code";
+    }
+}
+
+void setCursorPosition(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+        hwc2_layer_t layer, Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerCompositionType(display,
+            layer, HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR));
+
+    const hwc_rect_t cursorPosition = testLayer->getCursorPosition();
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setCursorPosition(display, layer,
+            cursorPosition.left, cursorPosition.top, outErr));
+}
+
+void setDataspace(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerDataspace(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getDataspace(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setDisplayFrame(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerDisplayFrame(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getDisplayFrame(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setPlaneAlpha(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t *outErr)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerBlendMode(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getBlendMode()));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerPlaneAlpha(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getPlaneAlpha(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setSourceCrop(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerSourceCrop(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getSourceCrop(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setSurfaceDamage(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerSurfaceDamage(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getSurfaceDamage(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setTransform(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerTransform(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getTransform(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setVisibleRegion(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerVisibleRegion(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getVisibleRegion(), outErr));
+}
+
+void setZOrder(Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+        Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr)
+{
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerZOrder(display, layer,
+            testLayer->getZOrder(), outErr));
+}
+
+bool advanceBlendMode(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    return testLayer->advanceBlendMode();
+}
+
+bool advanceBuffer(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    if (testLayer->advanceComposition())
+        return true;
+    return testLayer->advanceBufferArea();
+}
+
+bool advanceColor(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    /* Color depends on blend mode so advance blend mode last so color is not
+     * force to update as often */
+    if (testLayer->advancePlaneAlpha())
+        return true;
+    if (testLayer->advanceColor())
+        return true;
+    return testLayer->advanceBlendMode();
+}
+
+bool advanceComposition(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    return testLayer->advanceComposition();
+}
+
+bool advanceCursorPosition(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    return testLayer->advanceCursorPosition();
+}
+
+bool advanceDataspace(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    return testLayer->advanceDataspace();
+}
+
+bool advanceDisplayFrame(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    return testLayer->advanceDisplayFrame();
+}
+
+bool advancePlaneAlpha(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    return testLayer->advancePlaneAlpha();
+}
+
+bool advanceSourceCrop(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    if (testLayer->advanceSourceCrop())
+        return true;
+    return testLayer->advanceBufferArea();
+}
+
+bool advanceSurfaceDamage(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    if (testLayer->advanceSurfaceDamage())
+        return true;
+    return testLayer->advanceBufferArea();
+}
+
+bool advanceTransform(Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer)
+{
+    return testLayer->advanceTransform();
+}
+
+bool advanceVisibleRegions(Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers)
+{
+    return testLayers->advanceVisibleRegions();
+}
+
+bool advanceClientTargetSupport(
+        Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport* testClientTargetSupport)
+{
+    return testClientTargetSupport->advance();
+}
+
+static const std::array<hwc2_function_descriptor_t, 42> requiredFunctions = {{
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_CREATE_LAYER,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_DESTROY_LAYER,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_DUMP,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_COLOR_MODES,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_NAME,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DISPLAY_TYPE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_DOZE_SUPPORT,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_HDR_CAPABILITIES,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_GET_RELEASE_FENCES,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_PRESENT_DISPLAY,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_REGISTER_CALLBACK,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_CLIENT_TARGET,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_COLOR_MODE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_CURSOR_POSITION,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_BUFFER,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_COLOR,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_DATASPACE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_POWER_MODE,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_SET_VSYNC_ENABLED,
+    HWC2_FUNCTION_VALIDATE_DISPLAY,
+}};
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 supports all required functions. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_FUNCTION)
+{
+    for (hwc2_function_descriptor_t descriptor : requiredFunctions) {
+        hwc2_function_pointer_t pfn = getFunction(descriptor);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(pfn) << "failed to get function "
+                << getFunctionDescriptorName(descriptor);
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 fails to retrieve and invalid function. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_FUNCTION_invalid_function)
+{
+    hwc2_function_pointer_t pfn = getFunction(HWC2_FUNCTION_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(pfn) << "failed to get invalid function";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 does not return an invalid capability. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_CAPABILITIES)
+{
+    std::vector<hwc2_capability_t> capabilities;
+
+    getCapabilities(&capabilities);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::count(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+            HWC2_CAPABILITY_INVALID), 0);
+}
+
+static const std::array<hwc2_callback_descriptor_t, 3> callbackDescriptors = {{
+    HWC2_CALLBACK_HOTPLUG,
+    HWC2_CALLBACK_REFRESH,
+    HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC,
+}};
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can successfully register all required
+ * callback functions. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, REGISTER_CALLBACK)
+{
+    hwc2_callback_data_t data = reinterpret_cast<hwc2_callback_data_t>(
+            const_cast<char*>("data"));
+
+    for (auto descriptor : callbackDescriptors) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(descriptor, data,
+                []() { return; }));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Test that the HWC2 fails to register invalid callbacks. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, REGISTER_CALLBACK_bad_parameter)
+{
+    hwc2_callback_data_t data = reinterpret_cast<hwc2_callback_data_t>(
+            const_cast<char*>("data"));
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(HWC2_CALLBACK_INVALID, data,
+            []() { return; }, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can register a callback with null data. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, REGISTER_CALLBACK_null_data)
+{
+    hwc2_callback_data_t data = nullptr;
+
+    for (auto descriptor : callbackDescriptors) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(descriptor, data,
+                []() { return; }));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 returns the correct display type for each
+ * physical display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_TYPE)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_display_type_t type;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayType(display, &type));
+        EXPECT_EQ(type, HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_PHYSICAL) << "failed to return"
+                " correct display type";
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 returns an error when the display type of a bad
+ * display is requested. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_TYPE_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_display_type_t type;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayType(display, &type, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can create and destroy layers. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, CREATE_DESTROY_LAYER)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_layer_t layer;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot create a layer for a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, CREATE_LAYER_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_layer_t layer;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will either support a large number of resources
+ * or will return no resources. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, CREATE_LAYER_no_resources)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1000;
+
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayers(display, &layers, layerCnt));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayers(display, std::move(layers)));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot destroy a layer for a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, DESTROY_LAYER_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t badDisplay;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&badDisplay));
+
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_layer_t layer = 0;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(badDisplay, layer, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(badDisplay, layer, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot destory a bad layer */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, DESTROY_LAYER_bad_layer)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_layer_t layer;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, UINT64_MAX / 2, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, 0, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, UINT64_MAX - 1, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, 1, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, UINT64_MAX, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer + 1, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER) << "returned wrong error code";
+    }
+}
+
+static const std::array<hwc2_attribute_t, 2> requiredAttributes = {{
+    HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_WIDTH,
+    HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_HEIGHT,
+}};
+
+static const std::array<hwc2_attribute_t, 3> optionalAttributes = {{
+    HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_VSYNC_PERIOD,
+    HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_X,
+    HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_DPI_Y,
+}};
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can return display attributes for a valid
+ * config. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        for (auto config : configs) {
+            int32_t value;
+
+            for (auto attribute : requiredAttributes) {
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                        attribute, &value));
+                EXPECT_GE(value, 0) << "missing required attribute "
+                        << getAttributeName(attribute) << " for config "
+                        << config;
+            }
+            for (auto attribute : optionalAttributes) {
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                        attribute, &value));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will return a value of -1 for an invalid
+ * attribute */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE_invalid_attribute)
+{
+    const hwc2_attribute_t attribute = HWC2_ATTRIBUTE_INVALID;
+
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        for (auto config : configs) {
+            int32_t value;
+            hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                    attribute, &value, &err));
+            EXPECT_EQ(value, -1) << "failed to return -1 for an invalid"
+                    " attribute for config " << config;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will fail to get attributes for a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    const hwc2_config_t config = 0;
+    int32_t value;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    for (auto attribute : requiredAttributes) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config, attribute,
+                &value, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+    }
+
+    for (auto attribute : optionalAttributes) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config, attribute,
+                &value, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will fail to get attributes for a bad config */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE_bad_config)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_config_t config;
+        int32_t value;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInvalidConfig(display, &config));
+
+        for (auto attribute : requiredAttributes) {
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                    attribute, &value, &err));
+            EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_CONFIG) << "returned wrong error code";
+        }
+
+        for (auto attribute : optionalAttributes) {
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayAttribute(display, config,
+                    attribute, &value, &err));
+            EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_CONFIG) << "returned wrong error code";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will get display configs for active displays */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will not get display configs for bad displays */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs, &err));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(configs.empty()) << "returned configs for bad display";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will return the same config list multiple
+ * times in a row. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS_same)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs1, configs2;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs1));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs2));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_permutation(configs1.begin(), configs1.end(),
+                configs2.begin())) << "returned two different config sets";
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 does not return duplicate display configs */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS_duplicate)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        std::unordered_set<hwc2_config_t> configsSet(configs.begin(),
+                configs.end());
+        EXPECT_EQ(configs.size(), configsSet.size()) << "returned duplicate"
+                " configs";
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 returns the active config for a display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        for (auto config : configs) {
+            hwc2_config_t activeConfig;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveConfig(display, &activeConfig));
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(activeConfig, config) << "failed to get active config";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 does not return an active config for a bad
+ * display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_config_t activeConfig;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveConfig(display, &activeConfig, &err));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 either begins with a valid active config
+ * or returns an error when getActiveConfig is called. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG_bad_config)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+        hwc2_config_t activeConfig;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        if (configs.empty())
+            return;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveConfig(display, &activeConfig, &err));
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+            EXPECT_NE(std::count(configs.begin(), configs.end(),
+                    activeConfig), 0) << "active config is not found in "
+                    " configs for display";
+        } else {
+            EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_CONFIG) << "returned wrong error code";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set every display config as an active
+ * config */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        for (auto config : configs) {
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an active config for a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    const hwc2_config_t config = 0;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an invalid active config */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG_bad_config)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_config_t config;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInvalidConfig(display, &config));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_CONFIG) << "returned wrong error code";
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 returns a valid value for getDozeSupport. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DOZE_SUPPORT)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        int32_t support = -1;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDozeSupport(display, &support));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(support == 0 || support == 1) << "invalid doze support value";
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get doze support for a bad display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DOZE_SUPPORT_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    int32_t support = -1;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDozeSupport(display, &support, &err));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set all supported power modes */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_POWER_MODE)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+
+        int32_t support = -1;
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDozeSupport(display, &support));
+        if (support != 1)
+            return;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display,
+                HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a power mode for a bad display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_POWER_MODE_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+    int32_t support = -1;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDozeSupport(display, &support, &err));
+    if (support != 1)
+        return;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND,
+            &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an invalid power mode value. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_POWER_MODE_bad_parameter)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_power_mode_t mode = static_cast<hwc2_power_mode_t>(
+                HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND + 1);
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, mode, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER) << "returned wrong error code "
+                << mode;
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 will return unsupported if it does not support
+ * an optional power mode. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_POWER_MODE_unsupported)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        int32_t support = -1;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDozeSupport(display, &support, &err));
+        if (support == 1)
+            return;
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(support, 0) << "invalid doze support value";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE,
+                &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display,
+                HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND, &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED) <<  "returned wrong error code";
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the same power mode multiple times. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_POWER_MODE_stress)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+
+        int32_t support = -1;
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDozeSupport(display, &support));
+        if (support != 1)
+            return;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display,
+                HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display,
+                HWC2_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can enable and disable vsync on active
+ * displays */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_VSYNC_ENABLED)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_callback_data_t data = reinterpret_cast<hwc2_callback_data_t>(
+                const_cast<char*>("data"));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, data,
+                []() { return; }));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 issues a valid vsync callback. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_VSYNC_ENABLED_callback)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_display_t receivedDisplay;
+        int64_t receivedTimestamp;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(enableVsync(display));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(waitForVsync(&receivedDisplay,
+                &receivedTimestamp));
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(receivedDisplay, display) << "failed to get correct display";
+        EXPECT_GE(receivedTimestamp, 0) << "failed to get valid timestamp";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(disableVsync(display));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot enable a vsync for a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_VSYNC_ENABLED_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_callback_data_t data = reinterpret_cast<hwc2_callback_data_t>(
+            const_cast<char*>("data"));
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, data,
+            []() { return; }));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot enable an invalid vsync value */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_VSYNC_ENABLED_bad_parameter)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_callback_data_t data = reinterpret_cast<hwc2_callback_data_t>(
+                const_cast<char*>("data"));
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, data,
+                []() { return; }));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_INVALID,
+                &err));
+        EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can enable and disable a vsync value multiple
+ * times. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_VSYNC_ENABLED_stress)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        hwc2_callback_data_t data = reinterpret_cast<hwc2_callback_data_t>(
+                const_cast<char*>("data"));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(registerCallback(HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, data,
+                []() { return; }));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set a vsync enable value when the display
+ * is off and no callback is registered. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_VSYNC_ENABLED_no_callback_no_power)
+{
+    const uint secs = 1;
+
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE));
+
+        sleep(secs);
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set a vsync enable value when no callback
+ * is registered. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_VSYNC_ENABLED_no_callback)
+{
+    const uint secs = 1;
+
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_ENABLE));
+
+        sleep(secs);
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setVsyncEnabled(display, HWC2_VSYNC_DISABLE));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 returns a display name for each display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_NAME)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::string name;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayName(display, &name));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 does not return a display name for a bad
+ * display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_NAME_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    std::string name;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayName(display, &name, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set basic composition types. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setComposition, advanceComposition));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update a basic composition type on a
+ * layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setComposition, advanceComposition));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a composition type for a bad layer */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setComposition));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a bad composition type */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE_bad_parameter)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadParameter(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+                    hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerCompositionType(display,
+                        layer, HWC2_COMPOSITION_INVALID, outErr));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the cursor position of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_CURSOR_POSITION)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            ::setCursorPosition, advanceCursorPosition));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the cursor position of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_CURSOR_POSITION_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            ::setCursorPosition, advanceCursorPosition));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the cursor position of a layer when the
+ * composition type has not been set to HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_CURSOR_POSITION_composition_type_unset)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                const hwc_rect_t cursorPosition = testLayer->getCursorPosition();
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setCursorPosition(display, layer,
+                        cursorPosition.left, cursorPosition.top, outErr));
+            },
+
+            advanceCursorPosition));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the cursor position of a bad
+ * display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_CURSOR_POSITION_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_layer_t layer = 0;
+    int32_t x = 0, y = 0;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setCursorPosition(display, layer, x, y, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the cursor position of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_CURSOR_POSITION_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t badLayer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                const hwc_rect_t cursorPosition = testLayer->getCursorPosition();
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setCursorPosition(display,
+                        badLayer, cursorPosition.left, cursorPosition.top,
+                        outErr));
+            }
+   ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set a blend mode value of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setBlendMode, advanceBlendMode));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update a blend mode value of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setBlendMode, advanceBlendMode));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a blend mode for a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setBlendMode));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an invalid blend mode. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE_bad_parameter)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadParameter(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+                    hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerBlendMode(display,
+                        layer, HWC2_BLEND_MODE_INVALID, outErr));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the buffer of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BUFFER)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setBuffer, advanceBuffer));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the buffer of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BUFFER_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setBuffer, advanceBuffer));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the buffer of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BUFFER_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t badLayer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                buffer_handle_t handle = nullptr;
+                android::base::unique_fd acquireFence;
+
+                /* If there is not available buffer for the given buffer
+                 * properties, it should not fail this test case */
+                if (testLayer->getBuffer(&handle, &acquireFence) == 0) {
+                    *outErr = HWC2_ERROR_BAD_LAYER;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerBuffer(display, badLayer,
+                        handle, acquireFence, outErr));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set an invalid buffer for a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_BUFFER_bad_parameter)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadParameter(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+                    hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                buffer_handle_t handle = nullptr;
+                int32_t acquireFence = -1;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerBuffer(display, layer,
+                        handle, acquireFence, outErr));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the color of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COLOR)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setColor, advanceColor));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the color of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COLOR_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setColor, advanceColor));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the color of a layer when the
+ * composition type has not been set to HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COLOR_composition_type_unset)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerColor(display, layer,
+                        testLayer->getColor(), outErr));
+            },
+
+            advanceColor));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the color of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_COLOR_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t badLayer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t* outErr) {
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerColor(display, badLayer,
+                        testLayer->getColor(), outErr));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the dataspace of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_DATASPACE)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setDataspace, advanceDataspace));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the dataspace of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_DATASPACE_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setDataspace, advanceDataspace));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a dataspace for a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_DATASPACE_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setDataspace));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the display frame of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setDisplayFrame, advanceDisplayFrame));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the display frame of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setDisplayFrame, advanceDisplayFrame));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the display frame of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setDisplayFrame));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the plane alpha of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setPlaneAlpha, advancePlaneAlpha));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the plane alpha of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setPlaneAlpha, advancePlaneAlpha));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a plane alpha for a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t badLayer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayer* testLayer, hwc2_error_t *outErr) {
+
+                    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerPlaneAlpha(display,
+                            badLayer, testLayer->getPlaneAlpha(), outErr));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the source crop of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setSourceCrop, advanceSourceCrop));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the source crop of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setSourceCrop, advanceSourceCrop));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the source crop of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setSourceCrop));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the surface damage of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setSurfaceDamage, advanceSurfaceDamage));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the surface damage of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setSurfaceDamage, advanceSurfaceDamage));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the surface damage of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setSurfaceDamage));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the transform value of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setTransform, advanceTransform));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the transform value of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM_update)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyUpdate(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            setTransform, advanceTransform));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the transform for a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setTransform));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the visible region of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperties(Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic, 5,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers) {
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerVisibleRegion(display,
+                        layer, testLayers->getVisibleRegion(layer)));
+            },
+
+            advanceVisibleRegions));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the visible region of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setVisibleRegion));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the z order of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperties(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete, 10,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers) {
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setLayerZOrder(display, layer,
+                        testLayers->getZOrder(layer)));
+            },
+
+            /* TestLayer z orders are set during the construction of TestLayers
+             * and cannot be updated. There is no need (or ability) to cycle
+             * through additional z order configurations. */
+            [] (Hwc2TestLayers* /*testLayers*/) {
+                return false;
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can update the z order of a layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER_update)
+{
+    const std::vector<uint32_t> zOrders = { static_cast<uint32_t>(0),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(1), static_cast<uint32_t>(UINT32_MAX / 4),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(UINT32_MAX / 2),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(UINT32_MAX) };
+
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        for (auto config : configs) {
+            hwc2_layer_t layer;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayer(display, &layer));
+
+            for (uint32_t zOrder : zOrders) {
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerZOrder(display, layer, zOrder));
+            }
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the z order of a bad layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER_bad_layer)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerPropertyBadLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            setZOrder));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can display a layer with basic property
+ * coverage */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, VALIDATE_DISPLAY_basic)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayLayers(Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic, 1,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* /*testLayers*/) {
+
+                uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+                bool hasChanges = false;
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                        &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+                if (hasChanges)
+                    EXPECT_LE(numTypes, static_cast<uint32_t>(layers.size()))
+                            << "wrong number of requests";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can display 5 layers with default coverage. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, VALIDATE_DISPLAY_default_5)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayLayers(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default, 5,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* /*testLayers*/) {
+
+                uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+                bool hasChanges = false;
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                        &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+                if (hasChanges)
+                    EXPECT_LE(numTypes, static_cast<uint32_t>(layers.size()))
+                            << "wrong number of requests";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot validate a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, VALIDATE_DISPLAY_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(validateDisplay(display, &numTypes, &numRequests,
+            &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can get display requests after validating a
+ * basic layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS_basic)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayLayers(Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic, 1,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* /*testLayers*/) {
+
+                uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+                bool hasChanges = false;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                        &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+                if (hasChanges)
+                    EXPECT_LE(numTypes, layers.size())
+                            << "wrong number of requests";
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->handleRequests(display, layers,
+                        numRequests));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get display requests from a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_display_request_t displayRequests;
+    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+    std::vector<hwc2_layer_request_t> layerRequests;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayRequests(display, &displayRequests,
+            &layers, &layerRequests, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get display requests from an non
+ * validated display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS_not_validated)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayNonValidatedLayers(5,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* layers) {
+
+                hwc2_display_request_t displayRequests;
+                std::vector<hwc2_layer_request_t> layerRequests;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getDisplayRequests(display,
+                        &displayRequests, layers, &layerRequests, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NOT_VALIDATED)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can get changed composition types after
+ * validating a basic layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES_basic)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayLayers(Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic, 1,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers) {
+
+                uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+                bool hasChanges = false;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                        &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+                if (hasChanges)
+                    EXPECT_LE(numTypes, layers.size())
+                            << "wrong number of requests";
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->handleCompositionChanges(display,
+                        *testLayers, layers, numTypes));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get changed composition types from a bad
+ * display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+    std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> types;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getChangedCompositionTypes(display, &layers,
+            &types, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get changed composition types from an non
+ * validated display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES_not_validated)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayNonValidatedLayers(5,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* layers) {
+
+                std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> types;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getChangedCompositionTypes(
+                        display, layers, &types, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NOT_VALIDATED)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can accept display changes after validating a
+ * basic layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES_basic)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayLayers(Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic, 1,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers) {
+
+                uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+                bool hasChanges = false;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                        &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+                if (hasChanges)
+                    EXPECT_LE(numTypes, layers.size())
+                            << "wrong number of requests";
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->handleCompositionChanges(display,
+                        *testLayers, layers, numTypes));
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->acceptDisplayChanges(display));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot accept display changes from a bad
+ * display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(acceptDisplayChanges(display, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot accept display changes from an non
+ * validated display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES_not_validated)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayNonValidatedLayers(5,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>* /*layers*/) {
+
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->acceptDisplayChanges(display, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NOT_VALIDATED)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 supports client target with required values */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setClientTargetSupport(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport& testClientTargetSupport) {
+
+                const Area bufferArea = testClientTargetSupport.getBufferArea();
+                const android_pixel_format_t format = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getClientTargetSupport(display,
+                        bufferArea.width, bufferArea.height, format,
+                        testClientTargetSupport.getDataspace()));
+            },
+
+            advanceClientTargetSupport));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get client target support for a bad
+ * display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT_bad_display)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setClientTargetSupport(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t /*display*/,
+                    const Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport& testClientTargetSupport) {
+
+                const Area bufferArea = testClientTargetSupport.getBufferArea();
+                const android_pixel_format_t format = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+                hwc2_display_t badDisplay;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getBadDisplay(&badDisplay));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getClientTargetSupport(badDisplay,
+                        bufferArea.width, bufferArea.height, format,
+                        testClientTargetSupport.getDataspace(), &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+            },
+
+            advanceClientTargetSupport));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 either supports or returns error unsupported
+ * for a variety of client target values. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT_unsupported)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setClientTargetSupport(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport& testClientTargetSupport) {
+
+                const Area bufferArea = testClientTargetSupport.getBufferArea();
+                const android_pixel_format_t format = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getClientTargetSupport(display,
+                        bufferArea.width, bufferArea.height, format,
+                        testClientTargetSupport.getDataspace(), &err));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE
+                        || err == HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            },
+
+            advanceClientTargetSupport));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set a client target buffer for a basic
+ * layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_CLIENT_TARGET_basic)
+{
+    const android_dataspace_t dataspace = HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN;
+    const hwc_region_t damage = { };
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getDisplayConfigs(display, &configs));
+
+        for (auto config : configs) {
+            Area displayArea;
+            std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveConfig(display, config));
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getActiveDisplayArea(display, &displayArea));
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createLayers(display, &layers, layerCnt));
+            Hwc2TestLayers testLayers(layers, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic,
+                    displayArea);
+
+            if (!testLayers.optimizeLayouts())
+                continue;
+
+            Hwc2TestClientTarget testClientTarget;
+
+            do {
+                std::set<hwc2_layer_t> clientLayers;
+                std::set<hwc2_layer_t> clearLayers;
+                uint32_t numTypes, numRequests;
+                bool hasChanges, skip;
+                bool flipClientTarget;
+                buffer_handle_t handle;
+                int32_t acquireFence;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setLayerProperties(display, layers,
+                        &testLayers, &skip));
+                if (skip)
+                    continue;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(validateDisplay(display, &numTypes,
+                        &numRequests, &hasChanges));
+                if (hasChanges)
+                    EXPECT_LE(numTypes, layers.size())
+                            << "wrong number of requests";
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handleCompositionChanges(display,
+                        testLayers, layers, numTypes, &clientLayers));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handleRequests(display, layers,
+                        numRequests, &clearLayers, &flipClientTarget));
+                ASSERT_EQ(testClientTarget.getBuffer(testLayers, clientLayers,
+                        clearLayers, flipClientTarget, displayArea, &handle,
+                        &acquireFence), 0);
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setClientTarget(display, handle,
+                        acquireFence, dataspace, damage));
+
+                if (acquireFence >= 0)
+                    close(acquireFence);
+
+            } while (testLayers.advance());
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayers(display, std::move(layers)));
+        }
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setPowerMode(display, HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a client target for a bad display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_CLIENT_TARGET_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+    const Area displayArea = {0, 0};
+    Hwc2TestLayers testLayers(layers, Hwc2TestCoverage::Default, displayArea);
+    std::set<hwc2_layer_t> clientLayers;
+    std::set<hwc2_layer_t> flipClientTargetLayers;
+    bool flipClientTarget = true;
+    const android_dataspace_t dataspace = HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN;
+    const hwc_region_t damage = { };
+    buffer_handle_t handle;
+    int32_t acquireFence;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    Hwc2TestClientTarget testClientTarget;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(testClientTarget.getBuffer(testLayers, clientLayers,
+            flipClientTargetLayers, flipClientTarget, displayArea, &handle,
+            &acquireFence), 0);
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setClientTarget(display, handle, acquireFence,
+            dataspace, damage, &err));
+
+    if (acquireFence >= 0)
+        close(acquireFence);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 default layer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_default_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions;
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 default layers. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_default_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions;
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 3 default layers. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_default_3)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 3;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions;
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 4 default layers. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_default_4)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 4;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions;
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 5 default layers. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_default_5)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 5;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions;
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 6 default layers. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_default_6)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 6;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions;
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * blend mode. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_blend_mode_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::BlendMode, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::Transform, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::PlaneAlpha, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic}};
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 layers with complete coverage of
+ * blend mode. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_blend_mode_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::BlendMode, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::PlaneAlpha, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic}};
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * buffer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_buffer_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::BufferArea, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * color. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_color_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Composition, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::Color, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 layers with complete coverage of
+ * color. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_color_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Composition, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::BlendMode, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::PlaneAlpha, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::Color, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * composition. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_composition_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Composition, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * cursor. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_cursor_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Composition, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::CursorPosition, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 layers with complete coverage of
+ * cursor. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_cursor_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Composition, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::CursorPosition, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * dataspace. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_dataspace_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Dataspace, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * display frame. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_display_frame_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 layers with complete coverage of
+ * display frame. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_display_frame_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 3 layers with complete coverage of
+ * display frame. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_display_frame_3)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 3;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 4 layers with complete coverage of
+ * display frame. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_display_frame_4)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 4;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * plane alpha. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_plane_alpha_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::BlendMode, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::PlaneAlpha, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 layers with complete coverage of
+ * plane alpha. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_plane_alpha_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::BlendMode, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::PlaneAlpha, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = false;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * source crop. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_source_crop_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::SourceCrop, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 layers with complete coverage of
+ * source crop. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_source_crop_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::SourceCrop, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * surface damage. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_surface_damage_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::SurfaceDamage, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * transform. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_transform_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Transform, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 2 layers with complete coverage of
+ * transform. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_transform_2)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 2;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Default;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions =
+            {{Hwc2TestPropertyName::Transform, Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete},
+            {Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic}};
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can present 1 layer with complete coverage of
+ * basic. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_basic_1)
+{
+    const size_t layerCnt = 1;
+    Hwc2TestCoverage coverage = Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic;
+    std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage> exceptions;
+    bool optimize = true;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplays(layerCnt, coverage, exceptions,
+            optimize));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot present a bad display.  */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    int32_t presentFence;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(presentDisplay(display, &presentFence, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot present an unvalidated display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, PRESENT_DISPLAY_not_validated)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(displayLayers(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default, 1,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& /*layers*/,
+                    Hwc2TestLayers* /*testLayers*/) {
+
+                int32_t presentFence;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setPowerMode(display,
+                        HWC2_POWER_MODE_ON));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->enableVsync(display));
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->waitForVsync());
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->presentDisplay(display,
+                        &presentFence, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_NOT_VALIDATED)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->disableVsync(display));
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setPowerMode(display,
+                        HWC2_POWER_MODE_OFF));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get release fences from a bad display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_RELEASE_FENCES_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers;
+    std::vector<int32_t> fences;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getReleaseFences(display, &layers, &fences, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+static const std::array<android_color_mode, 9> androidColorModes = {{
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_625,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_525,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT709,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_DCI_P3,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_SRGB,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_ADOBE_RGB,
+}};
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can get the color modes for a display. The
+ * display must support HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_COLOR_MODES)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                std::vector<android_color_mode_t> colorModes;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getColorModes(display,
+                        &colorModes));
+
+                EXPECT_NE(std::count(colorModes.begin(), colorModes.end(),
+                        HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE), 0) << "all displays"
+                        " must support HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get color modes from a bad display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_COLOR_MODES_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    std::vector<android_color_mode_t> colorModes;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getColorModes(display, &colorModes, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the required color mode on a display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_MODES)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                const android_color_mode_t colorMode = HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE;
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setColorMode(display, colorMode));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set a color mode on a bad display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_MODES_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    const android_color_mode_t colorMode = HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setColorMode(display, colorMode, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an invalid color mode. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_MODES_bad_parameter)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                const android_color_mode_t colorMode =
+                        static_cast<android_color_mode_t>(-1);
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setColorMode(display, colorMode,
+                        &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 either supports or returns error unsupported
+ * for all valid color modes. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_MODES_unsupported)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                for (auto colorMode : androidColorModes) {
+                    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setColorMode(display,
+                            colorMode, &err));
+
+                    EXPECT_TRUE(err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE
+                            || err == HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+                            << "returned wrong error code";
+                }
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 gets the HDR capabilities for a display and
+ * test if they are valid. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_HDR_CAPABILITIES)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                std::vector<android_hdr_t> hdrCapabilities;
+                float maxLuminance, maxAverageLuminance, minLuminance;
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getHdrCapabilities(display,
+                        &hdrCapabilities, &maxLuminance, &maxAverageLuminance,
+                        &minLuminance));
+
+                if (hdrCapabilities.empty())
+                    return;
+
+                EXPECT_GE(maxLuminance, maxAverageLuminance);
+                EXPECT_GE(maxAverageLuminance, minLuminance);
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot get hdr capabilities from a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_HDR_CAPABILITIES_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    std::vector<android_hdr_t> hdrCapabilities;
+    float maxLuminance, maxAverageLuminance, minLuminance;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getHdrCapabilities(display, &hdrCapabilities,
+            &maxLuminance, &maxAverageLuminance, &minLuminance, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+static const std::array<float, 16> identityMatrix = {{
+    1.0,  0.0,  0.0,  0.0,
+    0.0,  1.0,  0.0,  0.0,
+    0.0,  0.0,  1.0,  0.0,
+    0.0,  0.0,  0.0,  1.0,
+}};
+
+/* Values for the color transform matrices were precomputed using the source code
+ * in surfaceflinger/Effects/Daltonizer.cpp. */
+
+static const std::array<const std::array<float, 16>, 5> exampleMatrices = {{
+    identityMatrix,
+    /* Converts RGB color to the XYZ space */
+    {{ 0.4124, 0.2126, 0.0193, 0,
+       0.3576, 0.7152, 0.1192, 0,
+       0.1805, 0.0722, 0.9505, 0,
+       0     , 0     , 0     , 1 }},
+    /* Protanomaly */
+    {{ 0.068493,  0.931506,  0,  0,
+       0.068493,  0.931507,  0,  0,
+       0.013626, -0.013626,  1,  0,
+       0,         0,         0,  1 }},
+    /* Deuteranomaly */
+    {{ 0.288299, 0.711701,  0,  0,
+       0.052709, 0.947291,  0,  0,
+      -0.257912, 0.257912,  1,  0,
+       0,        0,         0,  1 }},
+    /* Tritanomaly */
+    {{ 1, -0.805712, 0.805712,  0,
+       0,  0.378838, 0.621162,  0,
+       0,  0.104823, 0.895177,  0,
+       0,  0,        0,         1 }},
+}};
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set the identity color transform */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setColorTransform(display,
+                        identityMatrix, HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY));
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set the color transform for a bad
+ * display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setColorTransform(display, identityMatrix,
+            HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an invalid color transform. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM_bad_parameter)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                const android_color_transform_t hint =
+                        static_cast<android_color_transform_t>(-1);
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setColorTransform(display,
+                        identityMatrix, hint, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set an arbitrary color matrix. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM_arbitrary_matrix)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setActiveDisplayConfig(
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display) {
+
+                const android_color_transform_t hint =
+                        HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_ARBITRARY_MATRIX;
+
+                for (const std::array<float, 16>& matrix : exampleMatrices) {
+                    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setColorTransform(display,
+                            matrix, hint));
+                }
+            }
+    ));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 create an destory virtual displays. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, CREATE_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* /*test*/, hwc2_display_t /*display*/,
+                    Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay* /*testVirtualDisplay*/) { }));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can create and destroy multiple virtual
+ * displays. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, CREATE_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_multiple)
+{
+    Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay testVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete);
+    std::vector<hwc2_display_t> displays;
+
+    do {
+        const UnsignedArea& dimension =
+                testVirtualDisplay.getDisplayDimension();
+        android_pixel_format_t desiredFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+        hwc2_display_t display;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createVirtualDisplay(dimension.width,
+                dimension.height, &desiredFormat, &display, &err));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE || err == HWC2_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES
+                || err == HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED) << "returned wrong error code";
+        EXPECT_GE(desiredFormat, 0) << "invalid format";
+
+        if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+            displays.push_back(display);
+
+    } while (testVirtualDisplay.advance());
+
+    for (hwc2_display_t display : displays) {
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyVirtualDisplay(display));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot destroy a bad virtual displays.  */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_bad_display)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getBadDisplay(&display));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyVirtualDisplay(display, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot destroy a physical display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_bad_parameter)
+{
+    hwc2_display_t display = HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY;
+    hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyVirtualDisplay(display, &err));
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER) << "returned wrong error code";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can get the max virtual display count. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT)
+{
+    uint32_t maxCnt;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&maxCnt));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 returns the same max virtual display count for
+ * each call. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT_duplicate)
+{
+    uint32_t maxCnt1, maxCnt2;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&maxCnt1));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&maxCnt2));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(maxCnt1, maxCnt2) << "returned two different max virtual display"
+            " counts";
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can create the max number of virtual displays
+ * that it reports. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT_create_max)
+{
+    std::vector<hwc2_display_t> displays;
+    uint32_t maxCnt;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&maxCnt));
+
+    while (displays.size() < maxCnt) {
+        uint32_t width = 1920, height = 1080;
+        android_pixel_format_t desiredFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+        hwc2_display_t display;
+        hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createVirtualDisplay(width, height,
+                    &desiredFormat, &display, &err));
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE || err == HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+                << "returned wrong error code";
+        if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE)
+            break;
+
+        displays.push_back(display);
+    }
+
+    for (hwc2_display_t display : displays) {
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyVirtualDisplay(display));
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can set an output buffer for a virtual
+ * display. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay* testVirtualDisplay) {
+
+                buffer_handle_t handle;
+                android::base::unique_fd acquireFence;
+
+                if (testVirtualDisplay->getBuffer(&handle, &acquireFence) >= 0)
+                    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setOutputBuffer(display,
+                            handle, acquireFence));
+            }));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an output buffer for a bad display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER_bad_display)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t /*display*/,
+                    Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay* testVirtualDisplay) {
+
+                hwc2_display_t badDisplay;
+                buffer_handle_t handle;
+                android::base::unique_fd acquireFence;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->getBadDisplay(&badDisplay));
+
+                if (testVirtualDisplay->getBuffer(&handle, &acquireFence) < 0)
+                    return;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setOutputBuffer(badDisplay,
+                        handle, acquireFence, &err));
+                EXPECT_TRUE(err == HWC2_ERROR_BAD_DISPLAY)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            }));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an invalid output buffer. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER_bad_parameter)
+{
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage::Default,
+            [] (Hwc2Test* test, hwc2_display_t display,
+                    Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay* /*testVirtualDisplay*/) {
+
+                const buffer_handle_t handle = nullptr;
+                uint32_t releaseFence = -1;
+                hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(test->setOutputBuffer(display, handle,
+                        releaseFence, &err));
+                EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER)
+                        << "returned wrong error code";
+            }));
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 cannot set an output buffer for non virtual
+ * display */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER_unsupported)
+{
+    for (auto display : mDisplays) {
+        Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay testVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete);
+
+        do {
+            buffer_handle_t handle;
+            android::base::unique_fd acquireFence;
+            hwc2_error_t err = HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+
+            if (testVirtualDisplay.getBuffer(&handle, &acquireFence) < 0)
+                continue;
+
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setOutputBuffer(display, handle,
+                    acquireFence, &err));
+            EXPECT_EQ(err, HWC2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED) << "returned wrong error code";
+
+        } while (testVirtualDisplay.advance());
+    }
+}
+
+/* TESTCASE: Tests that the HWC2 can dump debug information. */
+TEST_F(Hwc2Test, DUMP)
+{
+    std::string buffer;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(dump(&buffer));
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestBuffer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestBuffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a59f388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestBuffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <array>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <gui/Surface.h>
+#include <gui/BufferItemConsumer.h>
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
+
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+#include <ui/vec4.h>
+
+#include <GLES3/gl3.h>
+
+#include "Hwc2TestBuffer.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestLayers.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+
+/* Returns a fence from egl */
+typedef void (*FenceCallback)(int32_t fence, void* callbackArgs);
+
+/* Returns fence to fence generator */
+static void setFence(int32_t fence, void* fenceGenerator);
+
+
+/* Used to receive the surfaces and fences from egl. The egl buffers are thrown
+ * away. The fences are sent to the requester via a callback */
+class Hwc2TestSurfaceManager {
+public:
+    /* Listens for a new frame, detaches the buffer and returns the fence
+     * through saved callback. */
+    class BufferListener : public ConsumerBase::FrameAvailableListener {
+    public:
+        BufferListener(sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer,
+                FenceCallback callback, void* callbackArgs)
+            : mConsumer(consumer),
+              mCallback(callback),
+              mCallbackArgs(callbackArgs) { }
+
+        void onFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& /*item*/)
+        {
+            BufferItem item;
+
+            if (mConsumer->acquireBuffer(&item, 0))
+                return;
+            if (mConsumer->detachBuffer(item.mSlot))
+                return;
+
+            mCallback(item.mFence->dup(), mCallbackArgs);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> mConsumer;
+        FenceCallback mCallback;
+        void* mCallbackArgs;
+    };
+
+    /* Creates a buffer listener that waits on a new frame from the buffer
+     * queue. */
+    void initialize(const Area& bufferArea, android_pixel_format_t format,
+            FenceCallback callback, void* callbackArgs)
+    {
+        sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
+        sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
+        BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+
+        consumer->setDefaultBufferSize(bufferArea.width, bufferArea.height);
+        consumer->setDefaultBufferFormat(format);
+
+        mBufferItemConsumer = new BufferItemConsumer(consumer, 0);
+
+        mListener = new BufferListener(consumer, callback, callbackArgs);
+        mBufferItemConsumer->setFrameAvailableListener(mListener);
+
+        mSurface = new Surface(producer, true);
+    }
+
+    /* Used by Egl manager. The surface is never displayed. */
+    sp<Surface> getSurface() const
+    {
+        return mSurface;
+    }
+
+private:
+    sp<BufferItemConsumer> mBufferItemConsumer;
+    sp<BufferListener> mListener;
+    /* Used by Egl manager. The surface is never displayed */
+    sp<Surface> mSurface;
+};
+
+
+/* Used to generate valid fences. It is not possible to create a dummy sync
+ * fence for testing. Egl can generate buffers along with a valid fence.
+ * The buffer cannot be guaranteed to be the same format across all devices so
+ * a CPU filled buffer is used instead. The Egl fence is used along with the
+ * CPU filled buffer. */
+class Hwc2TestEglManager {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestEglManager()
+        : mEglDisplay(EGL_NO_DISPLAY),
+          mEglSurface(EGL_NO_SURFACE),
+          mEglContext(EGL_NO_CONTEXT) { }
+
+    ~Hwc2TestEglManager()
+    {
+        cleanup();
+    }
+
+    int initialize(sp<Surface> surface)
+    {
+        mSurface = surface;
+
+        mEglDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+        if (mEglDisplay == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) return false;
+
+        EGLint major;
+        EGLint minor;
+        if (!eglInitialize(mEglDisplay, &major, &minor)) {
+            ALOGW("Could not initialize EGL");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /* We're going to use a 1x1 pbuffer surface later on
+         * The configuration distance doesn't really matter for what we're
+         * trying to do */
+        EGLint configAttrs[] = {
+                EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE, EGL_OPENGL_ES2_BIT,
+                EGL_RED_SIZE, 8,
+                EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 8,
+                EGL_BLUE_SIZE, 8,
+                EGL_ALPHA_SIZE, 0,
+                EGL_DEPTH_SIZE, 24,
+                EGL_STENCIL_SIZE, 0,
+                EGL_NONE
+        };
+
+        EGLConfig configs[1];
+        EGLint configCnt;
+        if (!eglChooseConfig(mEglDisplay, configAttrs, configs, 1,
+                &configCnt)) {
+            ALOGW("Could not select EGL configuration");
+            eglReleaseThread();
+            eglTerminate(mEglDisplay);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (configCnt <= 0) {
+            ALOGW("Could not find EGL configuration");
+            eglReleaseThread();
+            eglTerminate(mEglDisplay);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /* These objects are initialized below but the default "null" values are
+         * used to cleanup properly at any point in the initialization sequence */
+        EGLint attrs[] = { EGL_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION, 2, EGL_NONE };
+        mEglContext = eglCreateContext(mEglDisplay, configs[0], EGL_NO_CONTEXT,
+                attrs);
+        if (mEglContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+            ALOGW("Could not create EGL context");
+            cleanup();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        EGLint surfaceAttrs[] = { EGL_NONE };
+        mEglSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mEglDisplay, configs[0],
+                mSurface.get(), surfaceAttrs);
+        if (mEglSurface == EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
+            ALOGW("Could not create EGL surface");
+            cleanup();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!eglMakeCurrent(mEglDisplay, mEglSurface, mEglSurface, mEglContext)) {
+            ALOGW("Could not change current EGL context");
+            cleanup();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void makeCurrent() const
+    {
+        eglMakeCurrent(mEglDisplay, mEglSurface, mEglSurface, mEglContext);
+    }
+
+    void present() const
+    {
+        eglSwapBuffers(mEglDisplay, mEglSurface);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void cleanup()
+    {
+        if (mEglDisplay == EGL_NO_DISPLAY)
+            return;
+        if (mEglSurface != EGL_NO_SURFACE)
+            eglDestroySurface(mEglDisplay, mEglSurface);
+        if (mEglContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT)
+            eglDestroyContext(mEglDisplay, mEglContext);
+
+        eglMakeCurrent(mEglDisplay, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE,
+                EGL_NO_CONTEXT);
+        eglReleaseThread();
+        eglTerminate(mEglDisplay);
+    }
+
+    sp<Surface> mSurface;
+    EGLDisplay mEglDisplay;
+    EGLSurface mEglSurface;
+    EGLContext mEglContext;
+};
+
+
+static const std::array<vec2, 4> triangles = {{
+    {  1.0f,  1.0f },
+    { -1.0f,  1.0f },
+    {  1.0f, -1.0f },
+    { -1.0f, -1.0f },
+}};
+
+class Hwc2TestFenceGenerator {
+public:
+
+    Hwc2TestFenceGenerator()
+    {
+        mSurfaceManager.initialize({1, 1}, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                setFence, this);
+
+        if (!mEglManager.initialize(mSurfaceManager.getSurface()))
+            return;
+
+        mEglManager.makeCurrent();
+
+        glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
+    }
+
+    ~Hwc2TestFenceGenerator()
+    {
+        if (mFence >= 0)
+            close(mFence);
+        mFence = -1;
+
+        mEglManager.makeCurrent();
+    }
+
+    /* It is not possible to simply generate a fence. The easiest way is to
+     * generate a buffer using egl and use the associated fence. The buffer
+     * cannot be guaranteed to be a certain format across all devices using this
+     * method. Instead the buffer is generated using the CPU */
+    int32_t get()
+    {
+        if (mFence >= 0) {
+            return dup(mFence);
+        }
+
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+
+        /* If the pending is still set to false and times out, we cannot recover.
+         * Set an error and return */
+        while (mPending != false) {
+            if (mCv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(2)) == std::cv_status::timeout)
+                return -ETIME;
+        }
+
+        /* Generate a fence. The fence will be returned through the setFence
+         * callback */
+        mEglManager.makeCurrent();
+
+        glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, triangles.data());
+        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+        mEglManager.present();
+
+        /* Wait for the setFence callback */
+        while (mPending != true) {
+            if (mCv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(2)) == std::cv_status::timeout)
+                return -ETIME;
+        }
+
+        mPending = false;
+
+        return dup(mFence);
+    }
+
+    /* Callback that sets the fence */
+    void set(int32_t fence)
+    {
+        mFence = fence;
+        mPending = true;
+
+        mCv.notify_all();
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    Hwc2TestSurfaceManager mSurfaceManager;
+    Hwc2TestEglManager mEglManager;
+
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mCv;
+
+    int32_t mFence = -1;
+    bool mPending = false;
+};
+
+
+static void setFence(int32_t fence, void* fenceGenerator)
+{
+    static_cast<Hwc2TestFenceGenerator*>(fenceGenerator)->set(fence);
+}
+
+
+/* Sets the pixel of a buffer given the location, format, stride and color.
+ * Currently only supports RGBA_8888 */
+static void setColor(int32_t x, int32_t y,
+        android_pixel_format_t format, uint32_t stride, uint8_t* img, uint8_t r,
+        uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t a)
+{
+       switch (format) {
+       case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888:
+           img[(y * stride + x) * 4 + 0] = r;
+           img[(y * stride + x) * 4 + 1] = g;
+           img[(y * stride + x) * 4 + 2] = b;
+           img[(y * stride + x) * 4 + 3] = a;
+           break;
+       default:
+           break;
+       }
+}
+
+Hwc2TestBuffer::Hwc2TestBuffer()
+    : mFenceGenerator(new Hwc2TestFenceGenerator()) { }
+
+Hwc2TestBuffer::~Hwc2TestBuffer() = default;
+
+/* When the buffer changes sizes, save the new size and invalidate the current
+ * buffer */
+void Hwc2TestBuffer::updateBufferArea(const Area& bufferArea)
+{
+    if (mBufferArea.width == bufferArea.width
+            && mBufferArea.height == bufferArea.height)
+        return;
+
+    mBufferArea.width = bufferArea.width;
+    mBufferArea.height = bufferArea.height;
+
+    mValidBuffer = false;
+}
+
+/* Returns a valid buffer handle and fence. The handle is filled using the CPU
+ * to ensure the correct format across all devices. The fence is created using
+ * egl. */
+int Hwc2TestBuffer::get(buffer_handle_t* outHandle, int32_t* outFence)
+{
+    if (mBufferArea.width == -1 || mBufferArea.height == -1)
+        return -EINVAL;
+
+    /* If the current buffer is valid, the previous buffer can be reused.
+     * Otherwise, create new buffer */
+    if (!mValidBuffer) {
+        int ret = generateBuffer();
+        if (ret)
+            return ret;
+    }
+
+    *outFence = mFenceGenerator->get();
+    *outHandle = mHandle;
+
+    mValidBuffer = true;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* CPU fills a buffer to guarantee the correct buffer format across all
+ * devices */
+int Hwc2TestBuffer::generateBuffer()
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    /* Create new graphic buffer with correct dimensions */
+    mGraphicBuffer = mGraphicBufferAlloc.createGraphicBuffer(
+            mBufferArea.width, mBufferArea.height, mFormat,
+            GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER,
+            "hwc2_test_buffer", &ret);
+    if (ret)
+        return ret;
+
+    /* Locks the buffer for writing */
+    uint8_t* img;
+    mGraphicBuffer->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN, (void**)(&img));
+
+    uint32_t stride = mGraphicBuffer->getStride();
+
+    /* Iterate from the top row of the buffer to the bottom row */
+    for (int32_t y = 0; y < mBufferArea.height; y++) {
+
+        /* Will be used as R, G and B values for pixel colors */
+        uint8_t max = 255;
+        uint8_t min = 0;
+
+        /* Divide the rows into 3 sections. The first section will contain
+         * the lighest colors. The last section will contain the darkest
+         * colors. */
+        if (y < mBufferArea.height * 1.0 / 3.0) {
+            min = 255 / 2;
+        } else if (y >= mBufferArea.height * 2.0 / 3.0) {
+            max = 255 / 2;
+        }
+
+        /* Divide the columns into 3 sections. The first section is red,
+         * the second is green and the third is blue */
+        int32_t x = 0;
+        for (; x < mBufferArea.width / 3; x++) {
+            setColor(x, y, mFormat, stride, img, max, min, min, 255);
+        }
+
+        for (; x < mBufferArea.width * 2 / 3; x++) {
+            setColor(x, y, mFormat, stride, img, min, max, min, 255);
+        }
+
+        for (; x < mBufferArea.width; x++) {
+            setColor(x, y, mFormat, stride, img, min, min, max, 255);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Unlock the buffer for reading */
+    mGraphicBuffer->unlock();
+
+    mHandle = mGraphicBuffer->handle;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer::Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer()
+    : mFenceGenerator(new Hwc2TestFenceGenerator()) { }
+
+Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer::~Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer() { }
+
+/* Generates a client target buffer using the layers assigned for client
+ * composition. Takes into account the individual layer properties such as
+ * transform, blend mode, source crop, etc. */
+int Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer::get(buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+        int32_t* outFence, const Area& bufferArea,
+        const Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers,
+        const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>* clientLayers,
+        const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>* clearLayers)
+{
+    int err;
+
+    /* Create new graphic buffer with updated size */
+    mGraphicBuffer = mGraphicBufferAlloc.createGraphicBuffer(bufferArea.width,
+            bufferArea.height, mFormat,
+            GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER,
+            "hwc2_test_buffer", &err);
+    if (err)
+        return err;
+
+    uint8_t* img;
+    mGraphicBuffer->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN, (void**)(&img));
+
+    uint32_t stride = mGraphicBuffer->getStride();
+
+    float bWDiv3 = bufferArea.width / 3;
+    float bW2Div3 = bufferArea.width * 2 / 3;
+    float bHDiv3 = bufferArea.height / 3;
+    float bH2Div3 = bufferArea.height * 2 / 3;
+
+    /* Cycle through every pixel in the buffer and determine what color it
+     * should be. */
+    for (int32_t y = 0; y < bufferArea.height; y++) {
+        for (int32_t x = 0; x < bufferArea.width; x++) {
+
+            uint8_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
+            float a = 0.0f;
+
+            /* Cycle through each client layer from back to front and
+             * update the pixel color. */
+            for (auto layer = clientLayers->rbegin();
+                    layer != clientLayers->rend(); ++layer) {
+
+                const hwc_rect_t df = testLayers->getDisplayFrame(*layer);
+
+                float dfL = df.left;
+                float dfT = df.top;
+                float dfR = df.right;
+                float dfB = df.bottom;
+
+                /* If the pixel location falls outside of the layer display
+                 * frame, skip the layer. */
+                if (x < dfL || x >= dfR || y < dfT || y >= dfB)
+                    continue;
+
+                /* If the device has requested the layer be clear, clear
+                 * the pixel and continue. */
+                if (clearLayers->count(*layer) != 0) {
+                    r = 0;
+                    g = 0;
+                    b = 0;
+                    a = 0.0f;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                float planeAlpha = testLayers->getPlaneAlpha(*layer);
+
+                /* If the layer is a solid color, fill the color and
+                 * continue. */
+                if (testLayers->getComposition(*layer)
+                        == HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR) {
+                    const auto color = testLayers->getColor(*layer);
+                    r = color.r;
+                    g = color.g;
+                    b = color.b;
+                    a = color.a * planeAlpha;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                float xPos = x;
+                float yPos = y;
+
+                hwc_transform_t transform = testLayers->getTransform(*layer);
+
+                float dfW = dfR - dfL;
+                float dfH = dfB - dfT;
+
+                /* If a layer has a transform, find which location on the
+                 * layer will end up in the current pixel location. We
+                 * can calculate the color of the current pixel using that
+                 * location. */
+                if (transform > 0) {
+                    /* Change origin to be the center of the layer. */
+                    xPos = xPos - dfL - dfW / 2.0;
+                    yPos = yPos - dfT - dfH / 2.0;
+
+                    /* Flip Horizontal by reflecting across the y axis. */
+                    if (transform & HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H)
+                        xPos = -xPos;
+
+                    /* Flip vertical by reflecting across the x axis. */
+                    if (transform & HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V)
+                        yPos = -yPos;
+
+                    /* Rotate 90 by using a basic linear algebra rotation
+                     * and scaling the result so the display frame remains
+                     * the same. For example, a buffer of size 100x50 should
+                     * rotate 90 degress but remain the same dimension
+                     * (100x50) at the end of the transformation. */
+                    if (transform & HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_90) {
+                        float tmp = xPos;
+                        xPos = -yPos * dfW / dfH;
+                        yPos = tmp * dfH / dfW;
+                    }
+
+                    /* Change origin back to the top left corner of the
+                     * layer. */
+                    xPos = xPos + dfL + dfW / 2.0;
+                    yPos = yPos + dfT + dfH / 2.0;
+                }
+
+                hwc_frect_t sc = testLayers->getSourceCrop(*layer);
+                float scL = sc.left, scT = sc.top;
+
+                float dfWDivScW = dfW / (sc.right - scL);
+                float dfHDivScH = dfH / (sc.bottom - scT);
+
+                float max = 255, min = 0;
+
+                /* Choose the pixel color. Similar to generateBuffer,
+                 * each layer will be divided into 3x3 colors. Because
+                 * both the source crop and display frame must be taken into
+                 * account, the formulas are more complicated.
+                 *
+                 * If the source crop and display frame were not taken into
+                 * account, we would simply divide the buffer into three
+                 * sections by height. Each section would get one color.
+                 * For example the formula for the first section would be:
+                 *
+                 * if (yPos < bufferArea.height / 3)
+                 *        //Select first section color
+                 *
+                 * However the pixel color is chosen based on the source
+                 * crop and displayed based on the display frame.
+                 *
+                 * If the display frame top was 0 and the source crop height
+                 * and display frame height were the same. The only factor
+                 * would be the source crop top. To calculate the new
+                 * section boundary, the section boundary would be moved up
+                 * by the height of the source crop top. The formula would
+                 * be:
+                 * if (yPos < (bufferArea.height / 3 - sourceCrop.top)
+                 *        //Select first section color
+                 *
+                 * If the display frame top could also vary but source crop
+                 * and display frame heights were the same, the formula
+                 * would be:
+                 * if (yPos < (bufferArea.height / 3 - sourceCrop.top
+                 *              + displayFrameTop)
+                 *        //Select first section color
+                 *
+                 * If the heights were not the same, the conversion between
+                 * the source crop and display frame dimensions must be
+                 * taken into account. The formula would be:
+                 * if (yPos < ((bufferArea.height / 3) - sourceCrop.top)
+                 *              * displayFrameHeight / sourceCropHeight
+                 *              + displayFrameTop)
+                 *        //Select first section color
+                 */
+                if (yPos < ((bHDiv3) - scT) * dfHDivScH + dfT) {
+                    min = 255 / 2;
+                } else if (yPos >= ((bH2Div3) - scT) * dfHDivScH + dfT) {
+                    max = 255 / 2;
+                }
+
+                uint8_t rCur = min, gCur = min, bCur = min;
+                float aCur = 1.0f;
+
+                /* This further divides the color sections from 3 to 3x3.
+                 * The math behind it follows the same logic as the previous
+                 * comment */
+                if (xPos < ((bWDiv3) - scL) * (dfWDivScW) + dfL) {
+                    rCur = max;
+                } else if (xPos < ((bW2Div3) - scL) * (dfWDivScW) + dfL) {
+                    gCur = max;
+                } else {
+                    bCur = max;
+                }
+
+
+                /* Blend the pixel color with the previous layers' pixel
+                 * colors using the plane alpha and blend mode. The final
+                 * pixel color is chosen using the plane alpha and blend
+                 * mode formulas found in hwcomposer2.h */
+                hwc2_blend_mode_t blendMode = testLayers->getBlendMode(*layer);
+
+                if (blendMode == HWC2_BLEND_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED) {
+                    rCur *= planeAlpha;
+                    gCur *= planeAlpha;
+                    bCur *= planeAlpha;
+                }
+
+                aCur *= planeAlpha;
+
+                if (blendMode == HWC2_BLEND_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED) {
+                    r = rCur + r * (1.0 - aCur);
+                    g = gCur + g * (1.0 - aCur);
+                    b = bCur + b * (1.0 - aCur);
+                    a = aCur + a * (1.0 - aCur);
+                } else if (blendMode == HWC2_BLEND_MODE_COVERAGE) {
+                    r = rCur * aCur + r * (1.0 - aCur);
+                    g = gCur * aCur + g * (1.0 - aCur);
+                    b = bCur * aCur + b * (1.0 - aCur);
+                    a = aCur * aCur + a * (1.0 - aCur);
+                } else {
+                    r = rCur;
+                    g = gCur;
+                    b = bCur;
+                    a = aCur;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* Set the pixel color */
+            setColor(x, y, mFormat, stride, img, r, g, b, a * 255);
+        }
+    }
+
+    mGraphicBuffer->unlock();
+
+    *outFence = mFenceGenerator->get();
+    *outHandle = mGraphicBuffer->handle;
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestBuffer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestBuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca60940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestBuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HWC2_TEST_BUFFER_H
+#define _HWC2_TEST_BUFFER_H
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+
+#include <gui/GraphicBufferAlloc.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+
+#include "Hwc2TestProperties.h"
+
+class Hwc2TestFenceGenerator;
+class Hwc2TestLayers;
+
+class Hwc2TestBuffer {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestBuffer();
+    ~Hwc2TestBuffer();
+
+    void updateBufferArea(const Area& bufferArea);
+
+    int  get(buffer_handle_t* outHandle, int32_t* outFence);
+
+protected:
+    int generateBuffer();
+
+    android::GraphicBufferAlloc mGraphicBufferAlloc;
+    android::sp<android::GraphicBuffer> mGraphicBuffer;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Hwc2TestFenceGenerator> mFenceGenerator;
+
+    Area mBufferArea = {-1, -1};
+    const android_pixel_format_t mFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+
+    bool mValidBuffer = false;
+    buffer_handle_t mHandle = nullptr;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer();
+    ~Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer();
+
+    int  get(buffer_handle_t* outHandle, int32_t* outFence,
+            const Area& bufferArea, const Hwc2TestLayers* testLayers,
+            const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>* clientLayers,
+            const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>* clearLayers);
+
+protected:
+    android::GraphicBufferAlloc mGraphicBufferAlloc;
+    android::sp<android::GraphicBuffer> mGraphicBuffer;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Hwc2TestFenceGenerator> mFenceGenerator;
+
+    const android_pixel_format_t mFormat = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+};
+
+#endif /* ifndef _HWC2_TEST_BUFFER_H */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestClientTarget.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestClientTarget.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6925492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestClientTarget.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+
+#include "Hwc2TestClientTarget.h"
+
+int Hwc2TestClientTarget::getBuffer(const Hwc2TestLayers& testLayers,
+        const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>& clientLayers,
+        const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>& clearLayers, bool flipClientTarget,
+        const Area& displayArea, buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+        int32_t* outAcquireFence)
+{
+    if (!flipClientTarget) {
+        bool needsClientTarget = false;
+
+        for (auto clientLayer : clientLayers) {
+            if (testLayers.getVisibleRegion(clientLayer).numRects > 0) {
+                needsClientTarget = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!needsClientTarget) {
+           *outHandle = nullptr;
+           *outAcquireFence = -1;
+           return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return mBuffer.get(outHandle, outAcquireFence, displayArea,
+            &testLayers, &clientLayers, &clearLayers);
+}
+
+
+Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport::Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport(
+        Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea)
+    : mBufferArea(coverage, displayArea),
+      mDataspace(coverage),
+      mSurfaceDamage(coverage)
+{
+    mBufferArea.setDependent(&mSurfaceDamage);
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+
+    dmp << "client target: \n";
+
+    for (auto property : properties) {
+        dmp << property->dump();
+    }
+
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport::reset()
+{
+    for (auto property : properties) {
+        property->reset();
+    }
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport::advance()
+{
+    for (auto property : properties) {
+        if (property->advance())
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+Area Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport::getBufferArea() const
+{
+    return mBufferArea.get();
+}
+
+android_dataspace_t Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport::getDataspace() const
+{
+    return mDataspace.get();
+}
+
+const hwc_region_t Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport::getSurfaceDamage() const
+{
+    return mSurfaceDamage.get();
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestClientTarget.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestClientTarget.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b47978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestClientTarget.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HWC2_TEST_CLIENT_TARGET_H
+#define _HWC2_TEST_CLIENT_TARGET_H
+
+#include <set>
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+#include "Hwc2TestProperties.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestLayers.h"
+
+/* Generates client target buffers from client composition layers */
+class Hwc2TestClientTarget {
+public:
+    int getBuffer(const Hwc2TestLayers& layers,
+            const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>& clientLayers,
+            const std::set<hwc2_layer_t>& clearLayers,
+            bool clearClientTarget, const Area& displayArea,
+            buffer_handle_t* outHandle, int32_t* outAcquireFence);
+
+private:
+    Hwc2TestClientTargetBuffer mBuffer;
+};
+
+/* Generates valid client targets to test which ones the device will support */
+class Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestClientTargetSupport(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            const Area& displayArea);
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    void reset();
+    bool advance();
+
+    Area getBufferArea() const;
+    android_dataspace_t getDataspace() const;
+    const hwc_region_t getSurfaceDamage() const;
+
+private:
+    std::array<Hwc2TestContainer*, 3> properties = {{
+        &mDataspace, &mSurfaceDamage, &mBufferArea
+    }};
+
+    Hwc2TestBufferArea mBufferArea;
+    Hwc2TestDataspace mDataspace;
+    Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage mSurfaceDamage;
+};
+
+#endif /* ifndef _HWC2_TEST_CLIENT_TARGET_H */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..937fce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "Hwc2TestLayer.h"
+
+Hwc2TestCoverage getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName property,
+        Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName,
+        Hwc2TestCoverage>& coverageExceptions) {
+    auto exception = coverageExceptions.find(property);
+    return (exception != coverageExceptions.end())? exception->second : coverage;
+}
+
+Hwc2TestLayer::Hwc2TestLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+        const Area& displayArea)
+    : Hwc2TestLayer(coverage, displayArea,
+            std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage>()) { }
+
+Hwc2TestLayer::Hwc2TestLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+        const Area& displayArea, const std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName,
+        Hwc2TestCoverage>& coverageExceptions)
+    : mBlendMode(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::BlendMode, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions)),
+      mBufferArea(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::BufferArea, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions), displayArea),
+      mColor(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::Color, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions)),
+      mComposition(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::Composition, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions)),
+      mDataspace(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::Dataspace, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions)),
+      mDisplayFrame(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::DisplayFrame, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions), displayArea),
+      mPlaneAlpha(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::PlaneAlpha, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions)),
+      mSourceCrop(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::SourceCrop, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions)),
+      mSurfaceDamage(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::SurfaceDamage, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions)),
+      mTransform(getCoverage(Hwc2TestPropertyName::Transform, coverage,
+           coverageExceptions))
+{
+    mBufferArea.setDependent(&mBuffer);
+    mBufferArea.setDependent(&mSourceCrop);
+    mBufferArea.setDependent(&mSurfaceDamage);
+    mBlendMode.setDependent(&mColor);
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestLayer::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+
+    dmp << "layer: \n";
+
+    for (auto property : mProperties) {
+        dmp << property->dump();
+    }
+
+    dmp << mVisibleRegion.dump();
+    dmp << "\tz order: " << mZOrder << "\n";
+
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+int Hwc2TestLayer::getBuffer(buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+        android::base::unique_fd* outAcquireFence)
+{
+    int32_t acquireFence;
+    int ret = mBuffer.get(outHandle, &acquireFence);
+    outAcquireFence->reset(acquireFence);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int Hwc2TestLayer::getBuffer(buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+        int32_t* outAcquireFence)
+{
+    return mBuffer.get(outHandle, outAcquireFence);
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestLayer::setZOrder(uint32_t zOrder)
+{
+    mZOrder = zOrder;
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestLayer::setVisibleRegion(const android::Region& region)
+{
+    return mVisibleRegion.set(region);
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestLayer::reset()
+{
+    mVisibleRegion.release();
+
+    for (auto property : mProperties) {
+        property->reset();
+    }
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advance()
+{
+    for (auto property : mProperties) {
+        if (property->isSupported(mComposition.get()))
+            if (property->advance())
+                return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+hwc2_blend_mode_t Hwc2TestLayer::getBlendMode() const
+{
+    return mBlendMode.get();
+}
+
+Area Hwc2TestLayer::getBufferArea() const
+{
+    return mBufferArea.get();
+}
+
+hwc_color_t Hwc2TestLayer::getColor() const
+{
+    return mColor.get();
+}
+
+hwc2_composition_t Hwc2TestLayer::getComposition() const
+{
+    return mComposition.get();
+}
+
+/* The cursor position corresponds to {displayFrame.left, displayFrame.top} */
+hwc_rect_t Hwc2TestLayer::getCursorPosition() const
+{
+    return mDisplayFrame.get();
+}
+
+android_dataspace_t Hwc2TestLayer::getDataspace() const
+{
+    return mDataspace.get();
+}
+
+hwc_rect_t Hwc2TestLayer::getDisplayFrame() const
+{
+    return mDisplayFrame.get();
+}
+
+float Hwc2TestLayer::getPlaneAlpha() const
+{
+    return mPlaneAlpha.get();
+}
+
+hwc_frect_t Hwc2TestLayer::getSourceCrop() const
+{
+    return mSourceCrop.get();
+}
+
+hwc_region_t Hwc2TestLayer::getSurfaceDamage() const
+{
+    return mSurfaceDamage.get();
+}
+
+hwc_transform_t Hwc2TestLayer::getTransform() const
+{
+    return mTransform.get();
+}
+
+hwc_region_t Hwc2TestLayer::getVisibleRegion() const
+{
+    return mVisibleRegion.get();
+}
+
+uint32_t Hwc2TestLayer::getZOrder() const
+{
+    return mZOrder;
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceBlendMode()
+{
+    return mBlendMode.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceBufferArea()
+{
+    return mBufferArea.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceColor()
+{
+    return mColor.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceComposition()
+{
+    return mComposition.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceCursorPosition()
+{
+    return mDisplayFrame.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceDataspace()
+{
+    return mDataspace.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceDisplayFrame()
+{
+    return mDisplayFrame.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advancePlaneAlpha()
+{
+    return mPlaneAlpha.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceSourceCrop()
+{
+    return mSourceCrop.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceSurfaceDamage()
+{
+    return mSurfaceDamage.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceTransform()
+{
+    return mTransform.advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayer::advanceVisibleRegion()
+{
+    if (mPlaneAlpha.advance())
+        return true;
+    return mDisplayFrame.advance();
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e7dd22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HWC2_TEST_LAYER_H
+#define _HWC2_TEST_LAYER_H
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "Hwc2TestBuffer.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestProperties.h"
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+class Hwc2TestLayer {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea);
+
+    Hwc2TestLayer(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea,
+            const std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName,
+            Hwc2TestCoverage>& coverage_exceptions);
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    int getBuffer(buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+            android::base::unique_fd* outAcquireFence);
+    int getBuffer(buffer_handle_t* outHandle, int32_t* outAcquireFence);
+
+    void setZOrder(uint32_t zOrder);
+    void setVisibleRegion(const android::Region& region);
+
+    void reset();
+    bool advance();
+
+    hwc2_blend_mode_t      getBlendMode() const;
+    Area                   getBufferArea() const;
+    hwc_color_t            getColor() const;
+    hwc2_composition_t     getComposition() const;
+    hwc_rect_t             getCursorPosition() const;
+    android_dataspace_t    getDataspace() const;
+    hwc_rect_t             getDisplayFrame() const;
+    float                  getPlaneAlpha() const;
+    hwc_frect_t            getSourceCrop() const;
+    hwc_region_t           getSurfaceDamage() const;
+    hwc_transform_t        getTransform() const;
+    hwc_region_t           getVisibleRegion() const;
+    uint32_t               getZOrder() const;
+
+    bool advanceBlendMode();
+    bool advanceBufferArea();
+    bool advanceColor();
+    bool advanceComposition();
+    bool advanceCursorPosition();
+    bool advanceDataspace();
+    bool advanceDisplayFrame();
+    bool advancePlaneAlpha();
+    bool advanceSourceCrop();
+    bool advanceSurfaceDamage();
+    bool advanceTransform();
+    bool advanceVisibleRegion();
+
+private:
+    std::array<Hwc2TestContainer*, 10> mProperties = {{
+        &mTransform, &mColor, &mDataspace, &mPlaneAlpha, &mSourceCrop,
+        &mSurfaceDamage, &mBlendMode, &mBufferArea, &mDisplayFrame,
+        &mComposition
+    }};
+
+    Hwc2TestBuffer mBuffer;
+
+    Hwc2TestBlendMode mBlendMode;
+    Hwc2TestBufferArea mBufferArea;
+    Hwc2TestColor mColor;
+    Hwc2TestComposition mComposition;
+    Hwc2TestDataspace mDataspace;
+    Hwc2TestDisplayFrame mDisplayFrame;
+    Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha mPlaneAlpha;
+    Hwc2TestSourceCrop mSourceCrop;
+    Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage mSurfaceDamage;
+    Hwc2TestTransform mTransform;
+    Hwc2TestVisibleRegion mVisibleRegion;
+
+    uint32_t mZOrder = UINT32_MAX;
+};
+
+#endif /* ifndef _HWC2_TEST_LAYER_H */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayers.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..495ef79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+/* * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Hwc2TestLayers.h"
+
+Hwc2TestLayers::Hwc2TestLayers(const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+        Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea)
+    : Hwc2TestLayers(layers, coverage, displayArea,
+            std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName, Hwc2TestCoverage>()) { }
+
+Hwc2TestLayers::Hwc2TestLayers(const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+        Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea,
+        const std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName,
+        Hwc2TestCoverage>& coverageExceptions)
+    : mDisplayArea(displayArea)
+{
+    for (auto layer : layers) {
+        mTestLayers.emplace(std::piecewise_construct,
+                std::forward_as_tuple(layer),
+                std::forward_as_tuple(coverage, displayArea, coverageExceptions));
+    }
+
+    /* Iterate over the layers in order and assign z orders in the same order.
+     * This allows us to iterate over z orders in the same way when computing
+     * visible regions */
+    uint32_t nextZOrder = layers.size();
+
+    for (auto& testLayer : mTestLayers) {
+        testLayer.second.setZOrder(nextZOrder--);
+    }
+
+    setVisibleRegions();
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestLayers::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    for (auto& testLayer : mTestLayers) {
+        dmp << testLayer.second.dump();
+    }
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestLayers::reset()
+{
+    for (auto& testLayer : mTestLayers) {
+        testLayer.second.reset();
+    }
+
+    setVisibleRegions();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayers::advance()
+{
+    auto itr = mTestLayers.begin();
+    bool optimized;
+
+    while (itr != mTestLayers.end()) {
+        if (itr->second.advance()) {
+            optimized = setVisibleRegions();
+            if (!mOptimize || optimized)
+                return true;
+            itr = mTestLayers.begin();
+        } else {
+            itr->second.reset();
+            ++itr;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayers::advanceVisibleRegions()
+{
+    auto itr = mTestLayers.begin();
+    bool optimized;
+
+    while (itr != mTestLayers.end()) {
+        if (itr->second.advanceVisibleRegion()) {
+            optimized = setVisibleRegions();
+            if (!mOptimize || optimized)
+                return true;
+            itr = mTestLayers.begin();
+        } else {
+            itr->second.reset();
+            ++itr;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+/* Removes layouts that do not cover the entire display.
+ * Also removes layouts where a layer is completely blocked from view.
+ */
+bool Hwc2TestLayers::optimizeLayouts()
+{
+    mOptimize = true;
+
+    if (setVisibleRegions())
+        return true;
+    return advance();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestLayers::contains(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    return mTestLayers.count(layer) != 0;
+}
+
+int Hwc2TestLayers::getBuffer(hwc2_layer_t layer, buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+        int32_t* outAcquireFence)
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getBuffer(outHandle, outAcquireFence);
+}
+
+hwc2_blend_mode_t Hwc2TestLayers::getBlendMode(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getBlendMode();
+}
+
+Area Hwc2TestLayers::getBufferArea(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    auto testLayer = mTestLayers.find(layer);
+    if (testLayer == mTestLayers.end())
+        [] () { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    return testLayer->second.getBufferArea();
+}
+
+hwc_color_t Hwc2TestLayers::getColor(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getColor();
+}
+
+hwc2_composition_t Hwc2TestLayers::getComposition(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getComposition();
+}
+
+hwc_rect_t Hwc2TestLayers::getCursorPosition(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getCursorPosition();
+}
+
+android_dataspace_t Hwc2TestLayers::getDataspace(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getDataspace();
+}
+
+hwc_rect_t Hwc2TestLayers::getDisplayFrame(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getDisplayFrame();
+}
+
+float Hwc2TestLayers::getPlaneAlpha(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getPlaneAlpha();
+}
+
+hwc_frect_t Hwc2TestLayers::getSourceCrop(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getSourceCrop();
+}
+
+hwc_region_t Hwc2TestLayers::getSurfaceDamage(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getSurfaceDamage();
+}
+
+hwc_transform_t Hwc2TestLayers::getTransform(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getTransform();
+}
+
+hwc_region_t Hwc2TestLayers::getVisibleRegion(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getVisibleRegion();
+}
+
+uint32_t Hwc2TestLayers::getZOrder(hwc2_layer_t layer) const
+{
+    if (mTestLayers.count(layer) == 0) {
+        []() { GTEST_FAIL(); }();
+    }
+    return mTestLayers.at(layer).getZOrder();
+}
+
+/* Sets the visible regions for a display. Returns false if the layers do not
+ * cover the entire display or if a layer is not visible */
+bool Hwc2TestLayers::setVisibleRegions()
+{
+    /* The region of the display that is covered by layers above the current
+     * layer */
+    android::Region aboveOpaqueLayers;
+
+    bool optimized = true;
+
+    /* Iterate over test layers from max z order to min z order. */
+    for (auto& testLayer : mTestLayers) {
+        android::Region visibleRegion;
+
+        /* Set the visible region of this layer */
+        const hwc_rect_t displayFrame = testLayer.second.getDisplayFrame();
+
+        visibleRegion.set(android::Rect(displayFrame.left, displayFrame.top,
+                displayFrame.right, displayFrame.bottom));
+
+        /* Remove the area covered by opaque layers above this layer
+         * from this layer's visible region */
+        visibleRegion.subtractSelf(aboveOpaqueLayers);
+
+        testLayer.second.setVisibleRegion(visibleRegion);
+
+        /* If a layer is not visible, return false */
+        if (visibleRegion.isEmpty())
+            optimized = false;
+
+        /* If this layer is opaque, store the region it covers */
+        if (testLayer.second.getPlaneAlpha() == 1.0f)
+            aboveOpaqueLayers.orSelf(visibleRegion);
+    }
+
+    /* If the opaque region does not cover the entire display return false */
+    if (!aboveOpaqueLayers.isRect())
+        return false;
+
+    const auto rect = aboveOpaqueLayers.begin();
+    if (rect->left != 0 || rect->top != 0 || rect->right != mDisplayArea.width
+            || rect->bottom != mDisplayArea.height)
+        return false;
+
+    return optimized;
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayers.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d95a91f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestLayers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HWC2_TEST_LAYERS_H
+#define _HWC2_TEST_LAYERS_H
+
+#include <map>
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+#include "Hwc2TestProperties.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestLayer.h"
+
+class Hwc2TestLayers {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestLayers(const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+            Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea);
+
+    Hwc2TestLayers(const std::vector<hwc2_layer_t>& layers,
+            Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea,
+            const std::unordered_map<Hwc2TestPropertyName,
+            Hwc2TestCoverage>& coverageExceptions);
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    void reset();
+
+    bool advance();
+    bool advanceVisibleRegions();
+
+    /* Test cases with multiple layers and property values can take quite some
+     * time to run. A significant amount of time can be spent on test cases
+     * where one layer is changing property values but is not visible. To
+     * decrease runtime, this function can be called. Removes layouts where a
+     * layer is completely blocked from view. It also removes layouts that do
+     * not cover the entire display.*/
+    bool optimizeLayouts();
+
+    bool contains(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+
+    int  getBuffer(hwc2_layer_t layer, buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+            int32_t* outAcquireFence);
+
+    hwc2_blend_mode_t      getBlendMode(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    Area                   getBufferArea(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc_color_t            getColor(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc2_composition_t     getComposition(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc_rect_t             getCursorPosition(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    android_dataspace_t    getDataspace(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc_rect_t             getDisplayFrame(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    android_pixel_format_t getFormat(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    float                  getPlaneAlpha(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc_frect_t            getSourceCrop(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc_region_t           getSurfaceDamage(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc_transform_t        getTransform(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    hwc_region_t           getVisibleRegion(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+    uint32_t               getZOrder(hwc2_layer_t layer) const;
+
+private:
+    bool setVisibleRegions();
+
+    std::map<hwc2_layer_t, Hwc2TestLayer> mTestLayers;
+
+    Area mDisplayArea;
+
+    bool mOptimize = false;
+};
+
+#endif /* ifndef _HWC2_TEST_LAYERS_H */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestProperties.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestProperties.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5522de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestProperties.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+#include "Hwc2TestBuffer.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestProperties.h"
+
+Hwc2TestBufferArea::Hwc2TestBufferArea(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+        const Area& displayArea)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(mBufferAreas, mCompositionSupport),
+      mScalars((coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete)? mCompleteScalars:
+            (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic)? mBasicScalars:
+            mDefaultScalars),
+      mDisplayArea(displayArea)
+{
+    update();
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestBufferArea::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    const Area& curr = get();
+    dmp << "\tbuffer area: width " << curr.width << ", height " << curr.height
+            << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestBufferArea::setDependent(Hwc2TestBuffer* buffer)
+{
+    mBuffer = buffer;
+    if (buffer) {
+        buffer->updateBufferArea(get());
+    }
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestBufferArea::setDependent(Hwc2TestSourceCrop* sourceCrop)
+{
+    mSourceCrop = sourceCrop;
+    if (mSourceCrop) {
+        mSourceCrop->updateBufferArea(get());
+    }
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestBufferArea::setDependent(Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage* surfaceDamage)
+{
+    mSurfaceDamage = surfaceDamage;
+    if (mSurfaceDamage) {
+        mSurfaceDamage->updateBufferArea(get());
+    }
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestBufferArea::update()
+{
+    mBufferAreas.clear();
+
+    if (mDisplayArea.width == 0 && mDisplayArea.height == 0) {
+        mBufferAreas.push_back({0, 0});
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (auto scalar : mScalars) {
+        mBufferAreas.push_back({static_cast<int32_t>(scalar * mDisplayArea.width),
+                static_cast<int32_t>(scalar * mDisplayArea.height)});
+    }
+
+    updateDependents();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestBufferArea::updateDependents()
+{
+    const Area& curr = get();
+
+    if (mBuffer)
+        mBuffer->updateBufferArea(curr);
+    if (mSourceCrop)
+        mSourceCrop->updateBufferArea(curr);
+    if (mSurfaceDamage)
+        mSurfaceDamage->updateBufferArea(curr);
+}
+
+const std::vector<float> Hwc2TestBufferArea::mDefaultScalars = {
+    1.0f,
+};
+
+const std::vector<float> Hwc2TestBufferArea::mBasicScalars = {
+    1.0f, 0.5f,
+};
+
+const std::vector<float> Hwc2TestBufferArea::mCompleteScalars = {
+    1.0f, 0.75f, 0.5f
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestBlendMode::Hwc2TestBlendMode(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(coverage, mCompleteBlendModes, mBasicBlendModes,
+            mDefaultBlendModes, mCompositionSupport) { }
+
+std::string Hwc2TestBlendMode::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    dmp << "\tblend mode: " << getBlendModeName(get()) << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestBlendMode::setDependent(Hwc2TestColor* color)
+{
+    mColor = color;
+    updateDependents();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestBlendMode::updateDependents()
+{
+    if (mColor)
+        mColor->updateBlendMode(get());
+}
+
+const std::vector<hwc2_blend_mode_t> Hwc2TestBlendMode::mDefaultBlendModes = {
+    HWC2_BLEND_MODE_NONE,
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc2_blend_mode_t> Hwc2TestBlendMode::mBasicBlendModes = {
+    HWC2_BLEND_MODE_NONE,
+    HWC2_BLEND_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED,
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc2_blend_mode_t> Hwc2TestBlendMode::mCompleteBlendModes = {
+    HWC2_BLEND_MODE_NONE,
+    HWC2_BLEND_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED,
+    HWC2_BLEND_MODE_COVERAGE,
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestColor::Hwc2TestColor(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+        hwc2_blend_mode_t blendMode)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(mColors, mCompositionSupport),
+      mBaseColors((coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete)? mCompleteBaseColors:
+            (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic)? mBasicBaseColors:
+            mDefaultBaseColors),
+      mBlendMode(blendMode)
+{
+    update();
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestColor::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    const hwc_color_t& color = get();
+    dmp << "\tcolor: r " << std::to_string(color.r) << ", g "
+            << std::to_string(color.g) << ", b " << std::to_string(color.b)
+            << ", a " << std::to_string(color.a) << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestColor::updateBlendMode(hwc2_blend_mode_t blendMode)
+{
+    mBlendMode = blendMode;
+    update();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestColor::update()
+{
+    if (mBlendMode != HWC2_BLEND_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED) {
+        mColors = mBaseColors;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mColors.clear();
+
+    for (const hwc_color_t& baseColor : mBaseColors) {
+        if (baseColor.a >= baseColor.r && baseColor.a >= baseColor.g
+                && baseColor.a >= baseColor.b) {
+            mColors.push_back(baseColor);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+const std::vector<hwc_color_t> Hwc2TestColor::mDefaultBaseColors = {
+    {UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX},
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_color_t> Hwc2TestColor::mBasicBaseColors = {
+    {UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX},
+    {        0,         0,         0,         0},
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_color_t> Hwc2TestColor::mCompleteBaseColors = {
+    {UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX},
+    {UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX,         0},
+    {UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX,         0, UINT8_MAX},
+    {UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX,         0,         0},
+    {UINT8_MAX,         0, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX},
+    {UINT8_MAX,         0, UINT8_MAX,         0},
+    {UINT8_MAX,         0,         0, UINT8_MAX},
+    {UINT8_MAX,         0,         0,         0},
+    {        0, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX},
+    {        0, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX,         0},
+    {        0, UINT8_MAX,         0, UINT8_MAX},
+    {        0, UINT8_MAX,         0,         0},
+    {        0,         0, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX},
+    {        0,         0, UINT8_MAX,         0},
+    {        0,         0,         0, UINT8_MAX},
+    {        0,         0,         0,         0},
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestComposition::Hwc2TestComposition(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(coverage, mCompleteCompositions, mBasicCompositions,
+            mDefaultCompositions, mCompositionSupport) { }
+
+std::string Hwc2TestComposition::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    dmp << "\tcomposition: " << getCompositionName(get()) << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+const std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> Hwc2TestComposition::mDefaultCompositions = {
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE,
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> Hwc2TestComposition::mBasicCompositions = {
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT,
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE,
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> Hwc2TestComposition::mCompleteCompositions = {
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT,
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE,
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR,
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR,
+    HWC2_COMPOSITION_SIDEBAND,
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestDataspace::Hwc2TestDataspace(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(coverage, completeDataspaces, basicDataspaces,
+            defaultDataspaces, mCompositionSupport) { }
+
+std::string Hwc2TestDataspace::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    dmp << "\tdataspace: " << get() << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+const std::vector<android_dataspace_t> Hwc2TestDataspace::defaultDataspaces = {
+    HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN,
+};
+
+const std::vector<android_dataspace_t> Hwc2TestDataspace::basicDataspaces = {
+    HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB,
+};
+
+const std::vector<android_dataspace_t> Hwc2TestDataspace::completeDataspaces = {
+    HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_ARBITRARY,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_SHIFT,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_MASK,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_UNSPECIFIED,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_LIMITED,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_SRGB_LINEAR,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB_LINEAR,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_SRGB,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_JFIF,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_JFIF,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT601_625,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_625,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT601_525,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_525,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT709,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT709,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_DEPTH,
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::Hwc2TestDisplayDimension(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(
+            (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete)? mCompleteDisplayDimensions:
+            (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic)? mBasicDisplayDimensions:
+            mDefaultDisplayDimensions, mCompositionSupport) { }
+
+std::string Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    const UnsignedArea& curr = get();
+    dmp << "\tdisplay dimension: " << curr.width<< " x " << curr.height<< "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::setDependent(Hwc2TestBuffer* buffer)
+{
+    mBuffer = buffer;
+    updateDependents();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::updateDependents()
+{
+    const UnsignedArea& curr = get();
+
+    if (mBuffer)
+        mBuffer->updateBufferArea({static_cast<int32_t>(curr.width),
+                static_cast<int32_t>(curr.height)});
+}
+
+const std::vector<UnsignedArea>
+        Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::mDefaultDisplayDimensions = {
+    {1920, 1080},
+};
+
+const std::vector<UnsignedArea>
+        Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::mBasicDisplayDimensions = {
+    {640, 480},
+    {1280, 720},
+    {1920, 1080},
+    {1920, 1200},
+};
+
+const std::vector<UnsignedArea>
+        Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::mCompleteDisplayDimensions = {
+    {320, 240},
+    {480, 320},
+    {640, 480},
+    {1280, 720},
+    {1920, 1080},
+    {1920, 1200},
+    {2560, 1440},
+    {2560, 1600},
+    {3840, 2160},
+    {4096, 2160},
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestDisplayFrame::Hwc2TestDisplayFrame(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+        const Area& displayArea)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(mDisplayFrames, mCompositionSupport),
+      mFrectScalars((coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete)? mCompleteFrectScalars:
+            (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic)? mBasicFrectScalars:
+            mDefaultFrectScalars),
+      mDisplayArea(displayArea)
+{
+    update();
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestDisplayFrame::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    const hwc_rect_t& displayFrame = get();
+    dmp << "\tdisplay frame: left " << displayFrame.left << ", top "
+            << displayFrame.top << ", right " << displayFrame.right
+            << ", bottom " << displayFrame.bottom << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestDisplayFrame::update()
+{
+    mDisplayFrames.clear();
+
+    if (mDisplayArea.width == 0 && mDisplayArea.height == 0) {
+        mDisplayFrames.push_back({0, 0, 0, 0});
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& frectScalar : mFrectScalars) {
+        mDisplayFrames.push_back({
+                static_cast<int>(frectScalar.left * mDisplayArea.width),
+                static_cast<int>(frectScalar.top * mDisplayArea.height),
+                static_cast<int>(frectScalar.right * mDisplayArea.width),
+                static_cast<int>(frectScalar.bottom * mDisplayArea.height)});
+    }
+}
+
+const std::vector<hwc_frect_t> Hwc2TestDisplayFrame::mDefaultFrectScalars = {
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0},
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_frect_t> Hwc2TestDisplayFrame::mBasicFrectScalars = {
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0},
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.05},
+    {0.0, 0.95, 1.0, 1.0},
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_frect_t> Hwc2TestDisplayFrame::mCompleteFrectScalars = {
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0},
+    {0.0, 0.05, 1.0, 0.95},
+    {0.0, 0.05, 1.0, 1.0},
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.05},
+    {0.0, 0.95, 1.0, 1.0},
+    {0.25, 0.0, 0.75, 0.35},
+    {0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 0.75},
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha::Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(coverage, mCompletePlaneAlphas, mBasicPlaneAlphas,
+            mDefaultPlaneAlphas, mCompositionSupport) { }
+
+std::string Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    dmp << "\tplane alpha: " << get() << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+const std::vector<float> Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha::mDefaultPlaneAlphas = {
+    1.0f,
+};
+
+const std::vector<float> Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha::mBasicPlaneAlphas = {
+    1.0f, 0.0f,
+};
+
+const std::vector<float> Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha::mCompletePlaneAlphas = {
+    1.0f, 0.75f, 0.5f, 0.25f, 0.0f,
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestSourceCrop::Hwc2TestSourceCrop(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+        const Area& bufferArea)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(mSourceCrops, mCompositionSupport),
+      mFrectScalars((coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete)? mCompleteFrectScalars:
+            (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic)? mBasicFrectScalars:
+            mDefaultFrectScalars),
+      mBufferArea(bufferArea)
+{
+    update();
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestSourceCrop::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    const hwc_frect_t& sourceCrop = get();
+    dmp << "\tsource crop: left " << sourceCrop.left << ", top "
+            << sourceCrop.top << ", right " << sourceCrop.right << ", bottom "
+            << sourceCrop.bottom << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestSourceCrop::updateBufferArea(const Area& bufferArea)
+{
+    mBufferArea = bufferArea;
+    update();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestSourceCrop::update()
+{
+    mSourceCrops.clear();
+
+    if (mBufferArea.width == 0 && mBufferArea.height == 0) {
+        mSourceCrops.push_back({0, 0, 0, 0});
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& frectScalar : mFrectScalars) {
+        mSourceCrops.push_back({
+                frectScalar.left * mBufferArea.width,
+                frectScalar.top * mBufferArea.height,
+                frectScalar.right * mBufferArea.width,
+                frectScalar.bottom * mBufferArea.height});
+    }
+}
+
+const std::vector<hwc_frect_t> Hwc2TestSourceCrop::mDefaultFrectScalars = {
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0},
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_frect_t> Hwc2TestSourceCrop::mBasicFrectScalars = {
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0},
+    {0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5},
+    {0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0},
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_frect_t> Hwc2TestSourceCrop::mCompleteFrectScalars = {
+    {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0},
+    {0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5},
+    {0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0},
+    {0.0, 0.0, 0.25, 0.25},
+    {0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 0.75},
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(mSurfaceDamages, mCompositionSupport),
+      mRegionScalars((coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete)? mCompleteRegionScalars:
+            (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic)? mBasicRegionScalars:
+            mDefaultRegionScalars)
+{
+    update();
+}
+
+Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::~Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage()
+{
+    freeSurfaceDamages();
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+
+    const hwc_region_t& curr = get();
+    dmp << "\tsurface damage: region count " << curr.numRects << "\n";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < curr.numRects; i++) {
+        const hwc_rect_t& rect = curr.rects[i];
+        dmp << "\t\trect: left " << rect.left << ", top " << rect.top
+                << ", right " << rect.right << ", bottom " << rect.bottom << "\n";
+    }
+
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::updateBufferArea(const Area& bufferArea)
+{
+    mBufferArea = bufferArea;
+    update();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::update()
+{
+    freeSurfaceDamages();
+
+    if (mBufferArea.width == 0 && mBufferArea.height == 0) {
+        mSurfaceDamages.push_back({0, nullptr});
+        return;
+    }
+
+    hwc_region_t damage;
+
+    for (const auto& regionScalar : mRegionScalars) {
+        damage.numRects = regionScalar.size();
+
+        if (damage.numRects > 0) {
+            hwc_rect_t* rects = new hwc_rect_t[damage.numRects];
+            if (!rects) {
+                ALOGW("failed to allocate new hwc_rect_t array");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < damage.numRects; i++) {
+                rects[i].left = regionScalar[i].left * mBufferArea.width;
+                rects[i].top = regionScalar[i].top * mBufferArea.height;
+                rects[i].right = regionScalar[i].right * mBufferArea.width;
+                rects[i].bottom = regionScalar[i].bottom * mBufferArea.height;
+            }
+
+            damage.rects = static_cast<hwc_rect_t const*>(rects);
+        } else {
+            damage.rects = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        mSurfaceDamages.push_back(damage);
+    }
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::freeSurfaceDamages()
+{
+    for (const auto& surfaceDamage : mSurfaceDamages) {
+        if (surfaceDamage.numRects > 0 && surfaceDamage.rects)
+            delete[] surfaceDamage.rects;
+    }
+    mSurfaceDamages.clear();
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::vector<hwc_frect_t>> Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::mDefaultRegionScalars = {
+    {{}},
+};
+
+const std::vector<std::vector<hwc_frect_t>> Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::mBasicRegionScalars = {
+    {{}},
+    {{0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0}},
+};
+
+const std::vector<std::vector<hwc_frect_t>> Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::mCompleteRegionScalars = {
+    {{}},
+    {{0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0}},
+    {{0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5}, {0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0}},
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestTransform::Hwc2TestTransform(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : Hwc2TestProperty(coverage, mCompleteTransforms, mBasicTransforms,
+            mDefaultTransforms, mCompositionSupport) { }
+
+std::string Hwc2TestTransform::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+    dmp << "\ttransform: " << getTransformName(get()) << "\n";
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+const std::vector<hwc_transform_t> Hwc2TestTransform::mDefaultTransforms = {
+    static_cast<hwc_transform_t>(0),
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_transform_t> Hwc2TestTransform::mBasicTransforms = {
+    static_cast<hwc_transform_t>(0),
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_90,
+};
+
+const std::vector<hwc_transform_t> Hwc2TestTransform::mCompleteTransforms = {
+    static_cast<hwc_transform_t>(0),
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_90,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_180,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_270,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H_ROT_90,
+    HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V_ROT_90,
+};
+
+
+Hwc2TestVisibleRegion::~Hwc2TestVisibleRegion()
+{
+    release();
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestVisibleRegion::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+
+    const hwc_region_t& curr = get();
+    dmp << "\tvisible region: region count " << curr.numRects << "\n";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < curr.numRects; i++) {
+        const hwc_rect_t& rect = curr.rects[i];
+        dmp << "\t\trect: left " << rect.left << ", top " << rect.top
+                << ", right " << rect.right << ", bottom " << rect.bottom << "\n";
+    }
+
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestVisibleRegion::set(const android::Region& visibleRegion)
+{
+    release();
+
+    size_t size = 0;
+    const android::Rect* rects = visibleRegion.getArray(&size);
+
+    mVisibleRegion.numRects = size;
+    mVisibleRegion.rects = nullptr;
+
+    if (size > 0) {
+        hwc_rect_t* hwcRects = new hwc_rect_t[size];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            hwcRects[i].left = rects[i].left;
+            hwcRects[i].top = rects[i].top;
+            hwcRects[i].right = rects[i].right;
+            hwcRects[i].bottom = rects[i].bottom;
+        }
+        mVisibleRegion.rects = hwcRects;
+    }
+}
+
+hwc_region_t Hwc2TestVisibleRegion::get() const
+{
+    return mVisibleRegion;
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestVisibleRegion::release()
+{
+    if (mVisibleRegion.numRects > 0 && mVisibleRegion.rects)
+        delete[] mVisibleRegion.rects;
+    mVisibleRegion.rects = nullptr;
+    mVisibleRegion.numRects = 0;
+}
+
+/* Identifies which layer properties are supported by each composition type.
+ * hwc2_composition_t values range from:
+ *  HWC2_COMPOSITION_INVALID = 0,
+ *  HWC2_COMPOSITION_CLIENT = 1,
+ *  HWC2_COMPOSITION_DEVICE = 2,
+ *  HWC2_COMPOSITION_SOLID_COLOR = 3,
+ *  HWC2_COMPOSITION_CURSOR = 4,
+ *  HWC2_COMPOSITION_SIDEBAND = 5,
+ *
+ * Each property array can be indexed by a hwc2_composition_t value.
+ * By using an array instead of a more complex data structure, runtimes for
+ * some test cases showed a noticeable improvement.
+ */
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestBufferArea::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    false,   true,    true,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestBlendMode::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    false,   true,    true,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestColor::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   false,   false,   true,    false,   false,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestComposition::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    true,    true,    true,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestDataspace::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    true,    true,    false,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestDisplayDimension::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    true,    true,    true,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestDisplayFrame::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    true,    false,   true,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    true,    true,    true,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestSourceCrop::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    false,   true,    false,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   false,   true,    false,   true,    false,
+}};
+
+/*  INVALID  CLIENT   DEVICE   COLOR    CURSOR   SIDEBAND */
+const std::array<bool, 6> Hwc2TestTransform::mCompositionSupport = {{
+    false,   true,    true,    false,   true,    true,
+}};
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestProperties.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestProperties.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2029ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestProperties.h
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HWC2_TEST_PROPERTIES_H
+#define _HWC2_TEST_PROPERTIES_H
+
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <ui/Region.h>
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+enum class Hwc2TestCoverage {
+    Default = 0,
+    Basic,
+    Complete,
+};
+
+enum class Hwc2TestPropertyName {
+    BlendMode = 1,
+    BufferArea,
+    Color,
+    Composition,
+    CursorPosition,
+    Dataspace,
+    DisplayFrame,
+    PlaneAlpha,
+    SourceCrop,
+    SurfaceDamage,
+    Transform,
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t width;
+    int32_t height;
+} Area;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t width;
+    uint32_t height;
+} UnsignedArea;
+
+
+class Hwc2TestContainer {
+public:
+    virtual ~Hwc2TestContainer() = default;
+
+    /* Resets the container */
+    virtual void reset() = 0;
+
+    /* Attempts to advance to the next valid value. Returns true if one can be
+     * found */
+    virtual bool advance() = 0;
+
+    virtual std::string dump() const = 0;
+
+    /* Returns true if the container supports the given composition type */
+    virtual bool isSupported(hwc2_composition_t composition) = 0;
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+class Hwc2TestProperty : public Hwc2TestContainer {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestProperty(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            const std::vector<T>& completeList, const std::vector<T>& basicList,
+            const std::vector<T>& defaultList,
+            const std::array<bool, 6>& compositionSupport)
+        : Hwc2TestProperty((coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Complete)? completeList:
+                (coverage == Hwc2TestCoverage::Basic)? basicList : defaultList,
+                compositionSupport) { }
+
+    Hwc2TestProperty(const std::vector<T>& list,
+            const std::array<bool, 6>& compositionSupport)
+        : mList(list),
+          mCompositionSupport(compositionSupport) { }
+
+    void reset() override
+    {
+        mListIdx = 0;
+    }
+
+    bool advance() override
+    {
+        if (mListIdx + 1 < mList.size()) {
+            mListIdx++;
+            updateDependents();
+            return true;
+        }
+        reset();
+        updateDependents();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    T get() const
+    {
+        return mList.at(mListIdx);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool isSupported(hwc2_composition_t composition)
+    {
+        return mCompositionSupport.at(composition);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    /* If a derived class has dependents, override this function */
+    virtual void updateDependents() { }
+
+    const std::vector<T>& mList;
+    size_t mListIdx = 0;
+
+    const std::array<bool, 6>& mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+class Hwc2TestBuffer;
+class Hwc2TestSourceCrop;
+class Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage;
+
+class Hwc2TestBufferArea : public Hwc2TestProperty<Area> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestBufferArea(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+    void setDependent(Hwc2TestBuffer* buffer);
+    void setDependent(Hwc2TestSourceCrop* sourceCrop);
+    void setDependent(Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage* surfaceDamage);
+
+protected:
+    void update();
+    void updateDependents() override;
+
+    const std::vector<float>& mScalars;
+    static const std::vector<float> mDefaultScalars;
+    static const std::vector<float> mBasicScalars;
+    static const std::vector<float> mCompleteScalars;
+
+    Area mDisplayArea;
+
+    Hwc2TestBuffer* mBuffer = nullptr;
+    Hwc2TestSourceCrop* mSourceCrop = nullptr;
+    Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage* mSurfaceDamage = nullptr;
+
+    std::vector<Area> mBufferAreas;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestColor;
+
+class Hwc2TestBlendMode : public Hwc2TestProperty<hwc2_blend_mode_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestBlendMode(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+    void setDependent(Hwc2TestColor* color);
+
+protected:
+    void updateDependents() override;
+
+    Hwc2TestColor* mColor = nullptr;
+
+    static const std::vector<hwc2_blend_mode_t> mDefaultBlendModes;
+    static const std::vector<hwc2_blend_mode_t> mBasicBlendModes;
+    static const std::vector<hwc2_blend_mode_t> mCompleteBlendModes;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestColor : public Hwc2TestProperty<hwc_color_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestColor(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage,
+            hwc2_blend_mode_t blendMode = HWC2_BLEND_MODE_NONE);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+    void updateBlendMode(hwc2_blend_mode_t blendMode);
+
+protected:
+    void update();
+
+    std::vector<hwc_color_t> mBaseColors;
+    static const std::vector<hwc_color_t> mDefaultBaseColors;
+    static const std::vector<hwc_color_t> mBasicBaseColors;
+    static const std::vector<hwc_color_t> mCompleteBaseColors;
+
+    hwc2_blend_mode_t mBlendMode;
+
+    std::vector<hwc_color_t> mColors;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestComposition : public Hwc2TestProperty<hwc2_composition_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestComposition(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+protected:
+    static const std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> mDefaultCompositions;
+    static const std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> mBasicCompositions;
+    static const std::vector<hwc2_composition_t> mCompleteCompositions;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestDataspace : public Hwc2TestProperty<android_dataspace_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestDataspace(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+protected:
+    static const std::vector<android_dataspace_t> defaultDataspaces;
+    static const std::vector<android_dataspace_t> basicDataspaces;
+    static const std::vector<android_dataspace_t> completeDataspaces;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestDisplayDimension : public Hwc2TestProperty<UnsignedArea> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestDisplayDimension(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    void setDependent(Hwc2TestBuffer* buffer);
+
+private:
+    void updateDependents();
+
+    Hwc2TestBuffer* mBuffer;
+
+    static const std::vector<UnsignedArea> mDefaultDisplayDimensions;
+    static const std::vector<UnsignedArea> mBasicDisplayDimensions;
+    static const std::vector<UnsignedArea> mCompleteDisplayDimensions;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestDisplayFrame : public Hwc2TestProperty<hwc_rect_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestDisplayFrame(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& displayArea);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+protected:
+    void update();
+
+    const std::vector<hwc_frect_t>& mFrectScalars;
+    const static std::vector<hwc_frect_t> mDefaultFrectScalars;
+    const static std::vector<hwc_frect_t> mBasicFrectScalars;
+    const static std::vector<hwc_frect_t> mCompleteFrectScalars;
+
+    Area mDisplayArea;
+
+    std::vector<hwc_rect_t> mDisplayFrames;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha : public Hwc2TestProperty<float> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestPlaneAlpha(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+protected:
+    static const std::vector<float> mDefaultPlaneAlphas;
+    static const std::vector<float> mBasicPlaneAlphas;
+    static const std::vector<float> mCompletePlaneAlphas;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestSourceCrop : public Hwc2TestProperty<hwc_frect_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestSourceCrop(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage, const Area& bufferArea = {0, 0});
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+    void updateBufferArea(const Area& bufferArea);
+
+protected:
+    void update();
+
+    const std::vector<hwc_frect_t>& mFrectScalars;
+    const static std::vector<hwc_frect_t> mDefaultFrectScalars;
+    const static std::vector<hwc_frect_t> mBasicFrectScalars;
+    const static std::vector<hwc_frect_t> mCompleteFrectScalars;
+
+    Area mBufferArea;
+
+    std::vector<hwc_frect_t> mSourceCrops;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage : public Hwc2TestProperty<hwc_region_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+    ~Hwc2TestSurfaceDamage();
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+    void updateBufferArea(const Area& bufferArea);
+
+protected:
+    void update();
+    void freeSurfaceDamages();
+
+    const std::vector<std::vector<hwc_frect_t>> &mRegionScalars;
+    const static std::vector<std::vector<hwc_frect_t>> mDefaultRegionScalars;
+    const static std::vector<std::vector<hwc_frect_t>> mBasicRegionScalars;
+    const static std::vector<std::vector<hwc_frect_t>> mCompleteRegionScalars;
+
+    Area mBufferArea = {0, 0};
+
+    std::vector<hwc_region_t> mSurfaceDamages;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestTransform : public Hwc2TestProperty<hwc_transform_t> {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestTransform(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+
+    std::string dump() const override;
+
+protected:
+    static const std::vector<hwc_transform_t> mDefaultTransforms;
+    static const std::vector<hwc_transform_t> mBasicTransforms;
+    static const std::vector<hwc_transform_t> mCompleteTransforms;
+
+    static const std::array<bool, 6> mCompositionSupport;
+};
+
+
+class Hwc2TestVisibleRegion {
+public:
+    ~Hwc2TestVisibleRegion();
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    void set(const android::Region& visibleRegion);
+    hwc_region_t get() const;
+    void release();
+
+protected:
+    hwc_region_t mVisibleRegion = {0, nullptr};
+};
+
+#endif /* ifndef _HWC2_TEST_PROPERTIES_H */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0fbc0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.h"
+
+Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay::Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay(
+        Hwc2TestCoverage coverage)
+    : mDisplayDimension(coverage)
+{
+    mDisplayDimension.setDependent(&mBuffer);
+}
+
+std::string Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream dmp;
+
+    dmp << "virtual display: \n";
+
+    mDisplayDimension.dump();
+
+    return dmp.str();
+}
+
+int Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay::getBuffer(buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+        android::base::unique_fd* outAcquireFence)
+{
+    int32_t acquireFence;
+    int ret = mBuffer.get(outHandle, &acquireFence);
+    outAcquireFence->reset(acquireFence);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay::reset()
+{
+    return mDisplayDimension.reset();
+}
+
+bool Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay::advance()
+{
+    return mDisplayDimension.advance();
+}
+
+UnsignedArea Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay::getDisplayDimension() const
+{
+    return mDisplayDimension.get();
+}
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09420ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/hwc2/Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HWC2_TEST_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_H
+#define _HWC2_TEST_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_H
+
+#include "Hwc2TestBuffer.h"
+#include "Hwc2TestProperties.h"
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+class Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay {
+public:
+    Hwc2TestVirtualDisplay(Hwc2TestCoverage coverage);
+
+    std::string dump() const;
+
+    int getBuffer(buffer_handle_t* outHandle,
+            android::base::unique_fd* outAcquireFence);
+
+    void reset();
+    bool advance();
+
+    UnsignedArea getDisplayDimension() const;
+
+private:
+    Hwc2TestBuffer mBuffer;
+
+    Hwc2TestDisplayDimension mDisplayDimension;
+};
+
+#endif /* ifndef _HWC2_TEST_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_H */
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/EvdevInjector.cpp b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/EvdevInjector.cpp
index b4c0a52..a4ccdd0 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/EvdevInjector.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/EvdevInjector.cpp
@@ -308,9 +308,8 @@
 }
 
 void EvdevInjector::dumpInternal(String8& result) {
-  result.append("[injector]\n");
-  result.appendFormat("state = %d\n", static_cast<int>(state_));
-  result.appendFormat("error = %d\n\n", error_);
+  result.appendFormat("injector_state = %d\n", static_cast<int>(state_));
+  result.appendFormat("injector_error = %d\n", error_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace dvr
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.cpp b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.cpp
index bc29408..92193d3 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 // use it to look up device configuration, so it must be unique. Vendor and
 // product values must be 0 to indicate an internal device and prevent a
 // similar lookup that could conflict with a physical device.
-static const char* const kDeviceName = "vr window manager virtual touchpad";
+static const char* const kDeviceNameFormat = "vr virtual touchpad %d";
 static constexpr int16_t kDeviceBusType = BUS_VIRTUAL;
 static constexpr int16_t kDeviceVendor = 0;
 static constexpr int16_t kDeviceProduct = 0;
@@ -32,122 +32,154 @@
 
 sp<VirtualTouchpad> VirtualTouchpadEvdev::Create() {
   VirtualTouchpadEvdev* const touchpad = new VirtualTouchpadEvdev();
+  touchpad->Reset();
   return sp<VirtualTouchpad>(touchpad);
 }
 
-status_t VirtualTouchpadEvdev::Attach() {
-  if (!injector_) {
-    owned_injector_.reset(new EvdevInjector());
-    injector_ = owned_injector_.get();
+void VirtualTouchpadEvdev::Reset() {
+  for (auto& touchpad : touchpad_) {
+    if (touchpad.injector) {
+      touchpad.injector->Close();
+    }
+    touchpad.injector = nullptr;
+    touchpad.owned_injector.reset();
+    touchpad.last_device_x = INT32_MIN;
+    touchpad.last_device_y = INT32_MIN;
+    touchpad.touches = 0;
+    touchpad.last_motion_event_buttons = 0;
   }
-  injector_->ConfigureBegin(kDeviceName, kDeviceBusType, kDeviceVendor,
-                            kDeviceProduct, kDeviceVersion);
-  injector_->ConfigureInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_DIRECT);
-  injector_->ConfigureMultiTouchXY(0, 0, kWidth - 1, kHeight - 1);
-  injector_->ConfigureAbsSlots(kSlots);
-  injector_->ConfigureKey(BTN_TOUCH);
-  injector_->ConfigureKey(BTN_BACK);
-  injector_->ConfigureEnd();
-  return injector_->GetError();
+}
+
+status_t VirtualTouchpadEvdev::Attach() {
+  status_t status = OK;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kTouchpads; ++i) {
+    Touchpad& touchpad = touchpad_[i];
+    if (!touchpad.injector) {
+      touchpad.owned_injector.reset(new EvdevInjector());
+      touchpad.injector = touchpad.owned_injector.get();
+    }
+    String8 DeviceName;
+    DeviceName.appendFormat(kDeviceNameFormat, i);
+    touchpad.injector->ConfigureBegin(DeviceName, kDeviceBusType,
+                                      kDeviceVendor, kDeviceProduct,
+                                      kDeviceVersion);
+    touchpad.injector->ConfigureInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_DIRECT);
+    touchpad.injector->ConfigureMultiTouchXY(0, 0, kWidth - 1, kHeight - 1);
+    touchpad.injector->ConfigureAbsSlots(kSlots);
+    touchpad.injector->ConfigureKey(BTN_TOUCH);
+    touchpad.injector->ConfigureKey(BTN_BACK);
+    touchpad.injector->ConfigureEnd();
+    if (const status_t configuration_status =  touchpad.injector->GetError()) {
+      status = configuration_status;
+    }
+  }
+  return status;
 }
 
 status_t VirtualTouchpadEvdev::Detach() {
-  injector_->Close();
-  injector_ = nullptr;
-  owned_injector_.reset();
-  last_device_x_ = INT32_MIN;
-  last_device_y_ = INT32_MIN;
-  touches_ = 0;
-  last_motion_event_buttons_ = 0;
+  Reset();
   return OK;
 }
 
-int VirtualTouchpadEvdev::Touch(int touchpad, float x, float y,
+int VirtualTouchpadEvdev::Touch(int touchpad_id, float x, float y,
                                 float pressure) {
-  (void)touchpad;  // TODO(b/35992608) Support multiple touchpad devices.
+  if (touchpad_id < 0 || touchpad_id >= kTouchpads) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
   if ((x < 0.0f) || (x >= 1.0f) || (y < 0.0f) || (y >= 1.0f)) {
     return EINVAL;
   }
   int32_t device_x = x * kWidth;
   int32_t device_y = y * kHeight;
-  touches_ = ((touches_ & 1) << 1) | (pressure > 0);
+  Touchpad& touchpad = touchpad_[touchpad_id];
+  touchpad.touches = ((touchpad.touches & 1) << 1) | (pressure > 0);
   ALOGV("(%f,%f) %f -> (%" PRId32 ",%" PRId32 ") %d", x, y, pressure, device_x,
-        device_y, touches_);
+        device_y, touchpad.touches);
 
-  if (!injector_) {
+  if (!touchpad.injector) {
     return EvdevInjector::ERROR_SEQUENCING;
   }
-  injector_->ResetError();
-  switch (touches_) {
+  touchpad.injector->ResetError();
+  switch (touchpad.touches) {
     case 0b00:  // Hover continues.
-      if (device_x != last_device_x_ || device_y != last_device_y_) {
-        injector_->SendMultiTouchXY(0, 0, device_x, device_y);
-        injector_->SendSynReport();
+      if (device_x != touchpad.last_device_x ||
+          device_y != touchpad.last_device_y) {
+        touchpad.injector->SendMultiTouchXY(0, 0, device_x, device_y);
+        touchpad.injector->SendSynReport();
       }
       break;
     case 0b01:  // Touch begins.
       // Press.
-      injector_->SendMultiTouchXY(0, 0, device_x, device_y);
-      injector_->SendKey(BTN_TOUCH, EvdevInjector::KEY_PRESS);
-      injector_->SendSynReport();
+      touchpad.injector->SendMultiTouchXY(0, 0, device_x, device_y);
+      touchpad.injector->SendKey(BTN_TOUCH, EvdevInjector::KEY_PRESS);
+      touchpad.injector->SendSynReport();
       break;
     case 0b10:  // Touch ends.
-      injector_->SendKey(BTN_TOUCH, EvdevInjector::KEY_RELEASE);
-      injector_->SendMultiTouchLift(0);
-      injector_->SendSynReport();
+      touchpad.injector->SendKey(BTN_TOUCH, EvdevInjector::KEY_RELEASE);
+      touchpad.injector->SendMultiTouchLift(0);
+      touchpad.injector->SendSynReport();
       break;
     case 0b11:  // Touch continues.
-      if (device_x != last_device_x_ || device_y != last_device_y_) {
-        injector_->SendMultiTouchXY(0, 0, device_x, device_y);
-        injector_->SendSynReport();
+      if (device_x != touchpad.last_device_x ||
+          device_y != touchpad.last_device_y) {
+        touchpad.injector->SendMultiTouchXY(0, 0, device_x, device_y);
+        touchpad.injector->SendSynReport();
       }
       break;
   }
-  last_device_x_ = device_x;
-  last_device_y_ = device_y;
+  touchpad.last_device_x = device_x;
+  touchpad.last_device_y = device_y;
 
-  return injector_->GetError();
+  return touchpad.injector->GetError();
 }
 
-int VirtualTouchpadEvdev::ButtonState(int touchpad, int buttons) {
-  (void)touchpad;  // TODO(b/35992608) Support multiple touchpad devices.
-  const int changes = last_motion_event_buttons_ ^ buttons;
+int VirtualTouchpadEvdev::ButtonState(int touchpad_id, int buttons) {
+  if (touchpad_id < 0 || touchpad_id >= kTouchpads) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+  Touchpad& touchpad = touchpad_[touchpad_id];
+  const int changes = touchpad.last_motion_event_buttons ^ buttons;
   if (!changes) {
     return 0;
   }
   if (buttons & ~AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK) {
     return ENOTSUP;
   }
-  ALOGV("change %X from %X to %X", changes, last_motion_event_buttons_,
+  ALOGV("change %X from %X to %X", changes, touchpad.last_motion_event_buttons,
         buttons);
 
-  if (!injector_) {
+  if (!touchpad.injector) {
     return EvdevInjector::ERROR_SEQUENCING;
   }
-  injector_->ResetError();
+  touchpad.injector->ResetError();
   if (changes & AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK) {
-    injector_->SendKey(BTN_BACK, (buttons & AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK)
-                                     ? EvdevInjector::KEY_PRESS
-                                     : EvdevInjector::KEY_RELEASE);
-    injector_->SendSynReport();
+    touchpad.injector->SendKey(BTN_BACK, (buttons & AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK)
+                                             ? EvdevInjector::KEY_PRESS
+                                             : EvdevInjector::KEY_RELEASE);
+    touchpad.injector->SendSynReport();
   }
-  last_motion_event_buttons_ = buttons;
-  return injector_->GetError();
+  touchpad.last_motion_event_buttons = buttons;
+  return touchpad.injector->GetError();
 }
 
 void VirtualTouchpadEvdev::dumpInternal(String8& result) {
-  result.append("[virtual touchpad]\n");
-  if (!injector_) {
-    result.append("injector = none\n");
-    return;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kTouchpads; ++i) {
+    const auto& touchpad = touchpad_[i];
+    result.appendFormat("[virtual touchpad %d]\n", i);
+    if (!touchpad.injector) {
+      result.append("injector = none\n");
+      return;
+    }
+    result.appendFormat("injector = %s\n",
+                        touchpad.owned_injector ? "normal" : "test");
+    result.appendFormat("touches = %d\n", touchpad.touches);
+    result.appendFormat("last_position = (%" PRId32 ", %" PRId32 ")\n",
+                        touchpad.last_device_x, touchpad.last_device_y);
+    result.appendFormat("last_buttons = 0x%" PRIX32 "\n",
+                        touchpad.last_motion_event_buttons);
+    touchpad.injector->dumpInternal(result);
+    result.append("\n");
   }
-  result.appendFormat("injector = %s\n", owned_injector_ ? "normal" : "test");
-  result.appendFormat("touches = %d\n", touches_);
-  result.appendFormat("last_position = (%" PRId32 ", %" PRId32 ")\n",
-                      last_device_x_, last_device_y_);
-  result.appendFormat("last_buttons = 0x%" PRIX32 "\n\n",
-                      last_motion_event_buttons_);
-  injector_->dumpInternal(result);
 }
 
 }  // namespace dvr
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.h b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.h
index b158cec..dbaca9a 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.h
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/VirtualTouchpadEvdev.h
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "VirtualTouchpad.h"
 #include "EvdevInjector.h"
+#include "VirtualTouchpad.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace dvr {
@@ -25,31 +25,39 @@
   void dumpInternal(String8& result) override;
 
  protected:
+  static constexpr int kTouchpads = 2;
+
   VirtualTouchpadEvdev() {}
   ~VirtualTouchpadEvdev() override {}
+  void Reset();
 
-  // Must be called only between construction and Attach().
-  inline void SetEvdevInjectorForTesting(EvdevInjector* injector) {
-    injector_ = injector;
+  // Must be called only between construction (or Detach()) and Attach().
+  inline void SetEvdevInjectorForTesting(int touchpad,
+                                         EvdevInjector* injector) {
+    touchpad_[touchpad].injector = injector;
   }
 
  private:
-  // Except for testing, the |EvdevInjector| used to inject evdev events.
-  std::unique_ptr<EvdevInjector> owned_injector_;
+  // Per-touchpad state.
+  struct Touchpad {
+    // Except for testing, the |EvdevInjector| used to inject evdev events.
+    std::unique_ptr<EvdevInjector> owned_injector;
 
-  // Active pointer to |owned_injector_| or to a testing injector.
-  EvdevInjector* injector_ = nullptr;
+    // Active pointer to |owned_injector_| or to a testing injector.
+    EvdevInjector* injector = nullptr;
 
-  // Previous (x, y) position in device space, to suppress redundant events.
-  int32_t last_device_x_ = INT32_MIN;
-  int32_t last_device_y_ = INT32_MIN;
+    // Previous (x, y) position in device space, to suppress redundant events.
+    int32_t last_device_x;
+    int32_t last_device_y;
 
-  // Records current touch state (0=up 1=down) in bit 0, and previous state
-  // in bit 1, to track transitions.
-  int touches_ = 0;
+    // Records current touch state (0=up 1=down) in bit 0, and previous state
+    // in bit 1, to track transitions.
+    int touches;
 
-  // Previous injected button state, to detect changes.
-  int32_t last_motion_event_buttons_ = 0;
+    // Previous injected button state, to detect changes.
+    int32_t last_motion_event_buttons;
+  };
+  Touchpad touchpad_[kTouchpads];
 
   VirtualTouchpadEvdev(const VirtualTouchpadEvdev&) = delete;
   void operator=(const VirtualTouchpadEvdev&) = delete;
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/tests/VirtualTouchpad_test.cpp b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/tests/VirtualTouchpad_test.cpp
index b11a983..bc34850 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/tests/VirtualTouchpad_test.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/tests/VirtualTouchpad_test.cpp
@@ -88,17 +88,24 @@
 
 class EvdevInjectorForTesting : public EvdevInjector {
  public:
-  EvdevInjectorForTesting(UInput& uinput) { SetUInputForTesting(&uinput); }
+  EvdevInjectorForTesting() { SetUInputForTesting(&record); }
   const uinput_user_dev* GetUiDev() const { return GetUiDevForTesting(); }
+  UInputRecorder record;
 };
 
 class VirtualTouchpadForTesting : public VirtualTouchpadEvdev {
  public:
-  static sp<VirtualTouchpad> Create(EvdevInjectorForTesting& injector) {
+  static sp<VirtualTouchpad> Create() { return sp<VirtualTouchpad>(New()); }
+  static VirtualTouchpadForTesting* New() {
     VirtualTouchpadForTesting* const touchpad = new VirtualTouchpadForTesting();
-    touchpad->SetEvdevInjectorForTesting(&injector);
-    return sp<VirtualTouchpad>(touchpad);
+    touchpad->Reset();
+    for (int t = 0; t < kTouchpads; ++t) {
+      touchpad->SetEvdevInjectorForTesting(t, &touchpad->injector[t]);
+    }
+    return touchpad;
   }
+  int GetTouchpadCount() const { return kTouchpads; }
+  EvdevInjectorForTesting injector[kTouchpads];
 };
 
 void DumpDifference(const char* expect, const char* actual) {
@@ -117,133 +124,169 @@
 class VirtualTouchpadTest : public testing::Test {};
 
 TEST_F(VirtualTouchpadTest, Goodness) {
+  sp<VirtualTouchpadForTesting> touchpad(VirtualTouchpadForTesting::New());
   UInputRecorder expect;
-  UInputRecorder record;
-  EvdevInjectorForTesting injector(record);
-  sp<VirtualTouchpad> touchpad(VirtualTouchpadForTesting::Create(injector));
 
   status_t touch_status = touchpad->Attach();
   EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
 
   // Check some aspects of uinput_user_dev.
-  const uinput_user_dev* uidev = injector.GetUiDev();
-  for (int i = 0; i < ABS_CNT; ++i) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absmin[i]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absfuzz[i]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absflat[i]);
-    if (i != ABS_MT_POSITION_X && i != ABS_MT_POSITION_Y && i != ABS_MT_SLOT) {
-      EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absmax[i]);
+  const uinput_user_dev* uidev;
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    uidev = touchpad->injector[t].GetUiDev();
+    String8 name;
+    name.appendFormat("vr virtual touchpad %d", t);
+    EXPECT_EQ(name, uidev->name);
+    for (int i = 0; i < ABS_CNT; ++i) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absmin[i]);
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absfuzz[i]);
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absflat[i]);
+      if (i != ABS_MT_POSITION_X && i != ABS_MT_POSITION_Y &&
+          i != ABS_MT_SLOT) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, uidev->absmax[i]);
+      }
     }
   }
   const int32_t width = 1 + uidev->absmax[ABS_MT_POSITION_X];
   const int32_t height = 1 + uidev->absmax[ABS_MT_POSITION_Y];
   const int32_t slots = uidev->absmax[ABS_MT_SLOT];
 
-  // Check the system calls performed by initialization.
-  // From ConfigureBegin():
-  expect.Open();
-  // From ConfigureInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_DIRECT):
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_PROPBIT, INPUT_PROP_DIRECT);
-  // From ConfigureMultiTouchXY(0, 0, kWidth - 1, kHeight - 1):
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_ABS);
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_POSITION_X);
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y);
-  // From ConfigureAbsSlots(kSlots):
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_SLOT);
-  // From ConfigureKey(BTN_TOUCH):
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_TOUCH);
-  expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_BACK);
-  // From ConfigureEnd():
-  expect.Write(uidev, sizeof(uinput_user_dev));
-  expect.IoctlVoid(UI_DEV_CREATE);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    // Check the system calls performed by initialization.
+    expect.Reset();
+    // From ConfigureBegin():
+    expect.Open();
+    // From ConfigureInputProperty(INPUT_PROP_DIRECT):
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_PROPBIT, INPUT_PROP_DIRECT);
+    // From ConfigureMultiTouchXY(0, 0, kWidth - 1, kHeight - 1):
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_ABS);
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_POSITION_X);
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y);
+    // From ConfigureAbsSlots(kSlots):
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_MT_SLOT);
+    // From ConfigureKey(BTN_TOUCH):
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_TOUCH);
+    expect.IoctlSetInt(UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_BACK);
+    // From ConfigureEnd():
+    expect.Write(touchpad->injector[t].GetUiDev(), sizeof(uinput_user_dev));
+    expect.IoctlVoid(UI_DEV_CREATE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status = touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 0, 0, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_SLOT, 0);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 0);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->Touch(t, 0, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status = touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 0.25f, 0.75f, 0.5f);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 0);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0.25f * width);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0.75f * height);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, EvdevInjector::KEY_PRESS);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->Touch(t, 0.25f, 0.75f, 0.5f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status = touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 0.99f, 0.99f, 0.99f);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, 0);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 0.99f * width);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0.99f * height);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->Touch(t, 0.99f, 0.99f, 0.99f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status = touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
-  EXPECT_EQ(EINVAL, touch_status);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->Touch(t, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EINVAL, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status =
-      touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 0.25f, 0.75f, -0.01f);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, EvdevInjector::KEY_RELEASE);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_ABS, ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, -1);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->Touch(t, 0.25f, 0.75f, -0.01f);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status = touchpad->ButtonState(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY,
-                                       AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_BACK, EvdevInjector::KEY_PRESS);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->ButtonState(t, AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status = touchpad->ButtonState(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY,
-                                       AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->ButtonState(t, AMOTION_EVENT_BUTTON_BACK);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
-  touch_status = touchpad->ButtonState(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_KEY, BTN_BACK, EvdevInjector::KEY_RELEASE);
   expect.WriteInputEvent(EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+    touch_status = touchpad->ButtonState(t, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 
   expect.Reset();
-  record.Reset();
+  expect.Close();
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    touchpad->injector[t].record.Reset();
+  }
   touch_status = touchpad->Detach();
   EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
-  expect.Close();
-  EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), record.GetString());
+  for (int t = 0; t < touchpad->GetTouchpadCount(); ++t) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(t);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expect.GetString(), touchpad->injector[t].record.GetString());
+  }
 }
 
 TEST_F(VirtualTouchpadTest, Badness) {
+  sp<VirtualTouchpadForTesting> touchpad(VirtualTouchpadForTesting::New());
   UInputRecorder expect;
-  UInputRecorder record;
-  EvdevInjectorForTesting injector(record);
-  sp<VirtualTouchpad> touchpad(VirtualTouchpadForTesting::Create(injector));
+  UInputRecorder& record = touchpad->injector[VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY].record;
 
   status_t touch_status = touchpad->Attach();
   EXPECT_EQ(0, touch_status);
@@ -252,11 +295,9 @@
   // and should not result in any system calls.
   expect.Reset();
   record.Reset();
-  touch_status =
-      touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, -0.25f, 0.75f, 1.0f);
+  touch_status = touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, -0.25f, 0.75f, 1.0f);
   EXPECT_NE(OK, touch_status);
-  touch_status =
-      touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 0.25f, -0.75f, 1.0f);
+  touch_status = touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 0.25f, -0.75f, 1.0f);
   EXPECT_NE(OK, touch_status);
   touch_status = touchpad->Touch(VirtualTouchpad::PRIMARY, 1.25f, 0.75f, 1.0f);
   EXPECT_NE(OK, touch_status);
diff --git a/services/vr/vr_window_manager/application.cpp b/services/vr/vr_window_manager/application.cpp
index 24087c9..dba797f 100644
--- a/services/vr/vr_window_manager/application.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/vr_window_manager/application.cpp
@@ -294,10 +294,7 @@
   bool changed = is_visible_ != visible;
   if (changed) {
     is_visible_ = visible;
-    // TODO (alexst): b/36036583 Disable vr_wm visibility until we figure out
-    // why it's always on top. Still make it visible in debug mode.
-    if (debug_mode_)
-      dvrGraphicsSurfaceSetVisible(graphics_context_, is_visible_);
+    dvrGraphicsSurfaceSetVisible(graphics_context_, is_visible_);
     OnVisibilityChanged(is_visible_);
   }
 }
diff --git a/services/vr/vr_window_manager/shell_view.cpp b/services/vr/vr_window_manager/shell_view.cpp
index 4596f68..03d582c 100644
--- a/services/vr/vr_window_manager/shell_view.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/vr_window_manager/shell_view.cpp
@@ -195,27 +195,27 @@
                                             uint32_t vr_app) {
   auto& layers = frame.layers();
 
-  // We assume the first two layers are the VR app. In the case of a 2D app,
-  // there will be the app + at least one system layer so this is still safe.
-  if (layers.size() < kVRAppLayerCount)
+  // TODO(achaulk): Figure out how to identify the current VR app for 2D app
+  // detection.
+
+  size_t index;
+  // Skip all layers that we don't know about.
+  for (index = 0; index < layers.size(); index++) {
+    if (layers[index].type != 0xFFFFFFFF && layers[index].type != 0)
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (index == layers.size())
     return ViewMode::Hidden;
 
-  if (vr_app != layers[0].appid || layers[0].appid == 0 ||
-      layers[1].appid != layers[0].appid) {
-    if (layers[1].appid != layers[0].appid && layers[0].appid) {
-      // This might be a 2D app.
-      // If a dim layer exists afterwards it is much more likely that this is
-      // actually an app launch artifact.
-      for (size_t i = 2; i < layers.size(); i++) {
-        if (layers[i].is_extra_layer())
-          return ViewMode::Hidden;
-      }
-      return ViewMode::App;
-    }
+  if (layers[index].type != 1) {
+    // We don't have a VR app layer? Abort.
     return ViewMode::Hidden;
   }
 
-  size_t index = kVRAppLayerCount;
+  // This is the VR app, ignore it.
+  index++;
+
   // Now, find a dim layer if it exists.
   // If it does, ignore any layers behind it for visibility determination.
   for (size_t i = index; i < layers.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/services/vr/vr_window_manager/surface_flinger_view.cpp b/services/vr/vr_window_manager/surface_flinger_view.cpp
index 63bc143..2011967 100644
--- a/services/vr/vr_window_manager/surface_flinger_view.cpp
+++ b/services/vr/vr_window_manager/surface_flinger_view.cpp
@@ -54,9 +54,7 @@
   size_t start = 0;
   // Skip the second layer if it is from the VR app.
   if (!debug && skip_first_layer) {
-    start = 1;
-    if (layers[0].appid && layers[0].appid == layers[1].appid)
-      start = 2;
+    start = 2;
   }
 
   for (size_t i = start; i < layers.size(); ++i) {
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index a0ae1f3..47404d5 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -903,8 +903,7 @@
     int gralloc_usage = 0;
     if (dispatch.GetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID) {
         uint64_t consumer_usage, producer_usage;
-        uint32_t driver_version = GetData(device).driver_version;
-        if (driver_version == 256587285 || driver_version == 96011958) {
+        if (GetData(device).driver_version == 256587285) {
             // HACK workaround for loader/driver mismatch during transition to
             // vkGetSwapchainGrallocUsage2ANDROID.
             typedef VkResult(VKAPI_PTR *