Merge "opengl: Fix wrong comments"
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0d20b64..685e379 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
+*.iml
 *.pyc
+.idea/
diff --git a/METADATA b/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d97975c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+third_party {
+  license_type: NOTICE
+}
diff --git a/PREUPLOAD.cfg b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
index 0473bb8..a686dfb 100644
--- a/PREUPLOAD.cfg
+++ b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 clang_format = --commit ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT} --style file --extensions c,h,cc,cpp
                cmds/idlcli/
                include/input/
+               include/powermanager/
                libs/binder/fuzzer/
                libs/binder/ndk/
                libs/binderthreadstate/
@@ -18,7 +19,9 @@
                opengl/libs/
                services/bufferhub/
                services/inputflinger/
+               services/powermanager/
                services/surfaceflinger/
+               services/vibratorservice/
                services/vr/
                vulkan/
 
diff --git a/cmds/bugreport/bugreport.cpp b/cmds/bugreport/bugreport.cpp
index 840ae47..e5c52d8 100644
--- a/cmds/bugreport/bugreport.cpp
+++ b/cmds/bugreport/bugreport.cpp
@@ -27,12 +27,20 @@
 // dumpstate, then connect to the dumpstate local client to read the
 // output. All of the dumpstate output is written to stdout, including
 // any errors encountered while reading/writing the output.
-int main() {
-
+int main(int argc, char* /*argv*/[]) {
   fprintf(stderr, "=============================================================================\n");
-  fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: flat bugreports are deprecated, use adb bugreport <zip_file> instead\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: Flat (text file, non-zipped) bugreports are deprecated.\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: Please generate zipped bugreports instead.\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: On the host use: adb bugreport filename.zip\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: On the device use: bugreportz\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: bugreportz will output the filename to use with adb pull.\n");
   fprintf(stderr, "=============================================================================\n\n\n");
 
+  if (argc != 1) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "usage: bugreport\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
   // Start the dumpstate service.
   property_set("ctl.start", "dumpstate");
 
diff --git a/cmds/bugreportz/main.cpp b/cmds/bugreportz/main.cpp
index 40346be..1d48e08 100644
--- a/cmds/bugreportz/main.cpp
+++ b/cmds/bugreportz/main.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 static void show_usage() {
     fprintf(stderr,
-            "usage: bugreportz [-h | -v]\n"
+            "usage: bugreportz [-hpv]\n"
             "  -h: to display this help message\n"
             "  -p: display progress\n"
             "  -v: to display the version\n"
@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // We don't support any non-option arguments.
+    if (optind != argc) {
+        show_usage();
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
     // TODO: code below was copy-and-pasted from bugreport.cpp (except by the
     // timeout value);
     // should be reused instead.
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/Android.bp b/cmds/dumpstate/Android.bp
index acca11a..ead491e 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/Android.bp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/Android.bp
@@ -110,29 +110,20 @@
     ],
     required: [
         "atrace",
-        "df",
-        "getprop",
         "ip",
         "iptables",
-        "ip6tables",
-        "kill",
         "librank",
         "logcat",
         "lpdump",
         "lpdumpd",
-        "lsmod",
-        "lsof",
-        "netstat",
-        "printenv",
         "procrank",
         "screencap",
         "showmap",
         "ss",
         "storaged",
-        "top",
-        "uptime",
+        "toolbox",
+        "toybox",
         "vdc",
-        "vril-dump",
     ],
     init_rc: ["dumpstate.rc"],
 }
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 942c16c..581d3de 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -209,6 +209,10 @@
     return fd;
 }
 
+static int OpenForWrite(std::string path) {
+    return Open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
+                S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
+}
 
 static int OpenForRead(std::string path) {
     return Open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW);
@@ -274,6 +278,27 @@
     return version_code;
 }
 
+static bool PathExists(const std::string& path) {
+  struct stat sb;
+  return stat(path.c_str(), &sb) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool CopyFileToFile(const std::string& input_file, const std::string& output_file) {
+    if (input_file == output_file) {
+        MYLOGD("Skipping copying bugreport file since the destination is the same (%s)\n",
+               output_file.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+    else if (PathExists(output_file)) {
+        MYLOGD("Cannot overwrite an existing file (%s)\n", output_file.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    MYLOGD("Going to copy bugreport file (%s) to %s\n", input_file.c_str(), output_file.c_str());
+    android::base::unique_fd out_fd(OpenForWrite(output_file));
+    return CopyFileToFd(input_file, out_fd.get());
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace os
 }  // namespace android
@@ -2092,11 +2117,12 @@
 
 static void ShowUsage() {
     fprintf(stderr,
-            "usage: dumpstate [-h] [-b soundfile] [-e soundfile] [-d] [-p] "
+            "usage: dumpstate [-h] [-b soundfile] [-e soundfile] [-o directory] [-d] [-p] "
             "[-z] [-s] [-S] [-q] [-P] [-R] [-L] [-V version]\n"
             "  -h: display this help message\n"
             "  -b: play sound file instead of vibrate, at beginning of job\n"
             "  -e: play sound file instead of vibrate, at end of job\n"
+            "  -o: write to custom directory (only in limited mode)\n"
             "  -d: append date to filename\n"
             "  -p: capture screenshot to filename.png\n"
             "  -z: generate zipped file\n"
@@ -2267,6 +2293,13 @@
             do_text_file = false;
         }
     }
+
+    std::string final_path = ds.path_;
+    if (ds.options_->OutputToCustomFile()) {
+        final_path = ds.GetPath(ds.options_->out_dir, ".zip");
+        android::os::CopyFileToFile(ds.path_, final_path);
+    }
+
     if (ds.options_->use_control_socket) {
         if (do_text_file) {
             dprintf(ds.control_socket_fd_,
@@ -2274,7 +2307,7 @@
                     "for more details\n",
                     ds.log_path_.c_str());
         } else {
-            dprintf(ds.control_socket_fd_, "OK:%s\n", ds.path_.c_str());
+            dprintf(ds.control_socket_fd_, "OK:%s\n", final_path.c_str());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2384,6 +2417,7 @@
             // clang-format off
             case 'd': do_add_date = true;            break;
             case 'z': do_zip_file = true;            break;
+            case 'o': out_dir = optarg;              break;
             case 's': use_socket = true;             break;
             case 'S': use_control_socket = true;     break;
             case 'v': show_header_only = true;       break;
@@ -2505,8 +2539,8 @@
  * If zipping, a bunch of other files and dumps also get added to the zip archive. The log file also
  * gets added to the archive.
  *
- * Bugreports are first generated in a local directory and later copied to the caller's fd if
- * supplied.
+ * Bugreports are first generated in a local directory and later copied to the caller's fd
+ * or directory if supplied.
  */
 Dumpstate::RunStatus Dumpstate::RunInternal(int32_t calling_uid,
                                             const std::string& calling_package) {
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
index dc0848a..0d25d30 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.h
@@ -386,10 +386,12 @@
         // The HAL is actually an API surface that can be validated, while the AIDL is not (@hide).
         ::android::hardware::dumpstate::V1_1::DumpstateMode dumpstate_hal_mode =
             ::android::hardware::dumpstate::V1_1::DumpstateMode::DEFAULT;
-        // File descriptor to output zip file.
+        // File descriptor to output zip file. Takes precedence over out_dir.
         android::base::unique_fd bugreport_fd;
         // File descriptor to screenshot file.
         android::base::unique_fd screenshot_fd;
+        // Custom output directory.
+        std::string out_dir;
         // Bugreport mode of the bugreport.
         std::string bugreport_mode;
         // Command-line arguments as string
@@ -415,6 +417,12 @@
             // specified, it is preferred. If not bugreport is written to /bugreports.
             return !use_socket;
         }
+
+        /* Returns if options specified require writing to custom file location */
+        bool OutputToCustomFile() {
+            // Custom location is only honored in limited mode.
+            return limited_only && !out_dir.empty() && bugreport_fd.get() == -1;
+        }
     };
 
     // TODO: initialize fields on constructor
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
index e94e51c..c7df1bb 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(options_.do_add_date);
     EXPECT_FALSE(options_.do_zip_file);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", options_.out_dir);
     EXPECT_FALSE(options_.use_socket);
     EXPECT_FALSE(options_.use_control_socket);
     EXPECT_FALSE(options_.show_header_only);
@@ -352,7 +353,8 @@
         const_cast<char*>("-d"),
         const_cast<char*>("-z"),
         const_cast<char*>("-q"),
-        const_cast<char*>("-L")
+        const_cast<char*>("-L"),
+        const_cast<char*>("-o abc")
     };
     // clang-format on
 
@@ -364,6 +366,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(options_.use_control_socket);
     EXPECT_FALSE(options_.do_vibrate);
     EXPECT_TRUE(options_.limited_only);
+    EXPECT_EQ(" abc", std::string(options_.out_dir));
 
     // Other options retain default values
     EXPECT_FALSE(options_.show_header_only);
diff --git a/cmds/dumpsys/dumpsys.cpp b/cmds/dumpsys/dumpsys.cpp
index a427c8d..1327cfd 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpsys/dumpsys.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpsys/dumpsys.cpp
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
     }
 
     const size_t N = services.size();
-    if (N > 1) {
+    if (N > 1 || showListOnly) {
         // first print a list of the current services
         std::cout << "Currently running services:" << std::endl;
 
diff --git a/cmds/dumpsys/tests/dumpsys_test.cpp b/cmds/dumpsys/tests/dumpsys_test.cpp
index b9395ba..3467898 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpsys/tests/dumpsys_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpsys/tests/dumpsys_test.cpp
@@ -206,10 +206,7 @@
     }
 
     void AssertRunningServices(const std::vector<std::string>& services) {
-        std::string expected;
-        if (services.size() > 1) {
-            expected.append("Currently running services:\n");
-        }
+        std::string expected = "Currently running services:\n";
         for (const std::string& service : services) {
             expected.append("  ").append(service).append("\n");
         }
@@ -263,6 +260,21 @@
     AssertRunningServices({"Locksmith", "Valet"});
 }
 
+TEST_F(DumpsysTest, ListServicesOneRegistered) {
+    ExpectListServices({"Locksmith"});
+    ExpectCheckService("Locksmith");
+
+    CallMain({"-l"});
+
+    AssertRunningServices({"Locksmith"});
+}
+
+TEST_F(DumpsysTest, ListServicesEmpty) {
+    CallMain({"-l"});
+
+    AssertRunningServices({});
+}
+
 // Tests 'dumpsys -l' when a service is not running
 TEST_F(DumpsysTest, ListRunningServices) {
     ExpectListServices({"Locksmith", "Valet"});
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/Android.bp b/cmds/idlcli/Android.bp
index 402767a..64bfdf9 100644
--- a/cmds/idlcli/Android.bp
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/Android.bp
@@ -37,10 +37,16 @@
     defaults: ["idlcli-defaults"],
     srcs: [
         "CommandVibrator.cpp",
+        "vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnDisable.cpp",
+        "vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnEnable.cpp",
         "vibrator/CommandCompose.cpp",
         "vibrator/CommandGetCapabilities.cpp",
         "vibrator/CommandGetCompositionDelayMax.cpp",
         "vibrator/CommandGetCompositionSizeMax.cpp",
+        "vibrator/CommandGetPrimitiveDuration.cpp",
+        "vibrator/CommandGetSupportedAlwaysOnEffects.cpp",
+        "vibrator/CommandGetSupportedEffects.cpp",
+        "vibrator/CommandGetSupportedPrimitives.cpp",
         "vibrator/CommandOff.cpp",
         "vibrator/CommandOn.cpp",
         "vibrator/CommandPerform.cpp",
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/utils.h b/cmds/idlcli/utils.h
index a8e5954..b874455 100644
--- a/cmds/idlcli/utils.h
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/utils.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef FRAMEWORK_NATIVE_CMDS_IDLCLI_UTILS_H_
 #define FRAMEWORK_NATIVE_CMDS_IDLCLI_UTILS_H_
 
+#include <android/binder_enums.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
 
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@
 
 } // namespace overrides
 
-template <typename T, typename R = hardware::hidl_enum_range<T>>
+template <typename T, typename R = ndk::enum_range<T>>
 inline std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &stream, T &out) {
     using overrides::operator>>;
     auto validRange = R();
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator.h b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator.h
index ca5142d..6c30a9e 100644
--- a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator.h
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator.h
@@ -16,8 +16,12 @@
 #ifndef FRAMEWORK_NATIVE_CMDS_IDLCLI_VIBRATOR_H_
 #define FRAMEWORK_NATIVE_CMDS_IDLCLI_VIBRATOR_H_
 
+#include <future>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
 #include <android/hardware/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.h>
 
 #include "utils.h"
@@ -101,6 +105,18 @@
 namespace V1_3 = ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_3;
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::vibrator;
 
+class VibratorCallback : public aidl::BnVibratorCallback {
+public:
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus onComplete() override {
+        mPromise.set_value();
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    void waitForComplete() { mPromise.get_future().wait(); }
+
+private:
+    std::promise<void> mPromise;
+};
+
 } // namespace vibrator
 } // namespace idlcli
 
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnDisable.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnDisable.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9afa300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnDisable.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vibrator.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace idlcli {
+
+class CommandVibrator;
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+class CommandAlwaysOnDisable : public Command {
+    std::string getDescription() const override { return "Disarm always-on haptic source."; }
+
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "<id>"; }
+
+    UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
+        UsageDetails details{
+                {"<id>", {"Source ID (device-specific)."}},
+        };
+        return details;
+    }
+
+    Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        if (auto id = args.pop<decltype(mId)>()) {
+            mId = *id;
+            std::cout << "Source ID: " << mId << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            std::cerr << "Missing or Invalid Source ID!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        if (!args.empty()) {
+            std::cerr << "Unexpected Arguments!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
+        std::string statusStr;
+        Status ret;
+
+        if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::alwaysOnDisable, mId);
+
+            statusStr = status.getDescription();
+            ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
+        } else {
+            return UNAVAILABLE;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int32_t mId;
+};
+
+static const auto Command =
+        CommandRegistry<CommandVibrator>::Register<CommandAlwaysOnDisable>("alwaysOnDisable");
+
+} // namespace vibrator
+} // namespace idlcli
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnEnable.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnEnable.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb7f9f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandAlwaysOnEnable.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vibrator.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace idlcli {
+
+class CommandVibrator;
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+using aidl::Effect;
+using aidl::EffectStrength;
+
+class CommandAlwaysOnEnable : public Command {
+    std::string getDescription() const override {
+        return "Arm always-on haptic source with an effect.";
+    }
+
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "<id> <effect> <strength>"; }
+
+    UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
+        UsageDetails details{
+                {"<id>", {"Source ID (device-specific)."}},
+                {"<effect>", {"Effect ID."}},
+                {"<strength>", {"0-2."}},
+        };
+        return details;
+    }
+
+    Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        if (auto id = args.pop<decltype(mId)>()) {
+            mId = *id;
+            std::cout << "Source ID: " << mId << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            std::cerr << "Missing or Invalid Source ID!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        if (auto effect = args.pop<decltype(mEffect)>()) {
+            mEffect = *effect;
+            std::cout << "Effect: " << toString(mEffect) << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            std::cerr << "Missing or Invalid Effect!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        if (auto strength = args.pop<decltype(mStrength)>()) {
+            mStrength = *strength;
+            std::cout << "Strength: " << toString(mStrength) << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            std::cerr << "Missing or Invalid Strength!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        if (!args.empty()) {
+            std::cerr << "Unexpected Arguments!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
+        std::string statusStr;
+        Status ret;
+
+        if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::alwaysOnEnable, mId, mEffect, mStrength);
+
+            statusStr = status.getDescription();
+            ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
+        } else {
+            return UNAVAILABLE;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int32_t mId;
+    Effect mEffect;
+    EffectStrength mStrength;
+};
+
+static const auto Command =
+        CommandRegistry<CommandVibrator>::Register<CommandAlwaysOnEnable>("alwaysOnEnable");
+
+} // namespace vibrator
+} // namespace idlcli
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandCompose.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandCompose.cpp
index 4721a5f..97c057f 100644
--- a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandCompose.cpp
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandCompose.cpp
@@ -28,10 +28,13 @@
 class CommandCompose : public Command {
     std::string getDescription() const override { return "Compose vibration."; }
 
-    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "<delay> <primitive> <scale> ..."; }
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override {
+        return "[options] <delay> <primitive> <scale> ...";
+    }
 
     UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
         UsageDetails details{
+                {"-b", {"Block for duration of vibration."}},
                 {"<delay>", {"In milliseconds"}},
                 {"<primitive>", {"Primitive ID."}},
                 {"<scale>", {"0.0 (exclusive) - 1.0 (inclusive)."}},
@@ -41,6 +44,17 @@
     }
 
     Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        while (args.get<std::string>().value_or("").find("-") == 0) {
+            auto opt = *args.pop<std::string>();
+            if (opt == "--") {
+                break;
+            } else if (opt == "-b") {
+                mBlocking = true;
+            } else {
+                std::cerr << "Invalid Option '" << opt << "'!" << std::endl;
+                return USAGE;
+            }
+        }
         while (!args.empty()) {
             CompositeEffect effect;
             if (auto delay = args.pop<decltype(effect.delayMs)>()) {
@@ -50,9 +64,8 @@
                 std::cerr << "Missing or Invalid Delay!" << std::endl;
                 return USAGE;
             }
-            // TODO: Use range validation when supported by AIDL
-            if (auto primitive = args.pop<std::underlying_type_t<decltype(effect.primitive)>>()) {
-                effect.primitive = static_cast<decltype(effect.primitive)>(*primitive);
+            if (auto primitive = args.pop<decltype(effect.primitive)>()) {
+                effect.primitive = *primitive;
                 std::cout << "Primitive: " << toString(effect.primitive) << std::endl;
             } else {
                 std::cerr << "Missing or Invalid Primitive!" << std::endl;
@@ -76,21 +89,33 @@
     }
 
     Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
-        std::string statusStr;
-        Status ret;
-        if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
-            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::compose, mComposite, nullptr);
-            statusStr = status.getDescription();
-            ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
-        } else {
+        auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>();
+
+        if (!hal) {
             return UNAVAILABLE;
         }
 
-        std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
+        ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+        ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
 
-        return ret;
+        std::shared_ptr<VibratorCallback> callback;
+
+        if (mBlocking) {
+            callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VibratorCallback>();
+        }
+
+        auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::compose, mComposite, callback);
+
+        if (status.isOk() && callback) {
+            callback->waitForComplete();
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "Status: " << status.getDescription() << std::endl;
+
+        return status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
     }
 
+    bool mBlocking;
     std::vector<CompositeEffect> mComposite;
 };
 
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetPrimitiveDuration.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetPrimitiveDuration.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..460d39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetPrimitiveDuration.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <future>
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vibrator.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace idlcli {
+
+class CommandVibrator;
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+using aidl::CompositePrimitive;
+
+class CommandGetPrimitiveDuration : public Command {
+    std::string getDescription() const override {
+        return "Retrieve effect primitive's duration in milliseconds.";
+    }
+
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "<primitive>"; }
+
+    UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
+        UsageDetails details{
+                {"<primitive>", {"Primitive ID."}},
+        };
+        return details;
+    }
+
+    Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        if (auto primitive = args.pop<decltype(mPrimitive)>()) {
+            mPrimitive = *primitive;
+            std::cout << "Primitive: " << toString(mPrimitive) << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            std::cerr << "Missing or Invalid Primitive!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        if (!args.empty()) {
+            std::cerr << "Unexpected Arguments!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
+        std::string statusStr;
+        int32_t duration;
+        Status ret;
+
+        if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::getPrimitiveDuration, mPrimitive, &duration);
+            statusStr = status.getDescription();
+            ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
+        } else {
+            return UNAVAILABLE;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Duration: " << duration << std::endl;
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    CompositePrimitive mPrimitive;
+};
+
+static const auto Command = CommandRegistry<CommandVibrator>::Register<CommandGetPrimitiveDuration>(
+        "getPrimitiveDuration");
+
+} // namespace vibrator
+} // namespace idlcli
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedAlwaysOnEffects.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedAlwaysOnEffects.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edfcd91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedAlwaysOnEffects.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vibrator.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace idlcli {
+
+class CommandVibrator;
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+using aidl::Effect;
+
+class CommandGetSupportedAlwaysOnEffects : public Command {
+    std::string getDescription() const override { return "List of supported always-on effects."; }
+
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return ""; }
+
+    UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
+        UsageDetails details{};
+        return details;
+    }
+
+    Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        if (!args.empty()) {
+            std::cerr << "Unexpected Arguments!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
+        std::string statusStr;
+        std::vector<Effect> effects;
+        Status ret;
+
+        if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::getSupportedAlwaysOnEffects, &effects);
+            statusStr = status.getDescription();
+            ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
+        } else {
+            return UNAVAILABLE;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Effects:" << std::endl;
+        for (auto &e : effects) {
+            std::cout << "  " << toString(e) << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+static const auto Command =
+        CommandRegistry<CommandVibrator>::Register<CommandGetSupportedAlwaysOnEffects>(
+                "getSupportedAlwaysOnEffects");
+
+} // namespace vibrator
+} // namespace idlcli
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedEffects.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedEffects.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7658f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedEffects.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vibrator.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace idlcli {
+
+class CommandVibrator;
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+using aidl::Effect;
+
+class CommandGetSupportedEffects : public Command {
+    std::string getDescription() const override { return "List supported effects."; }
+
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return ""; }
+
+    UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
+        UsageDetails details{};
+        return details;
+    }
+
+    Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        if (!args.empty()) {
+            std::cerr << "Unexpected Arguments!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
+        std::string statusStr;
+        std::vector<Effect> effects;
+        Status ret;
+
+        if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::getSupportedEffects, &effects);
+            statusStr = status.getDescription();
+            ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
+        } else {
+            return UNAVAILABLE;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Effects:" << std::endl;
+        for (auto &e : effects) {
+            std::cout << "  " << toString(e) << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+static const auto Command = CommandRegistry<CommandVibrator>::Register<CommandGetSupportedEffects>(
+        "getSupportedEffects");
+
+} // namespace vibrator
+} // namespace idlcli
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedPrimitives.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedPrimitives.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d101681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandGetSupportedPrimitives.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vibrator.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace idlcli {
+
+class CommandVibrator;
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+using aidl::CompositePrimitive;
+
+class CommandGetSupportedPrimitives : public Command {
+    std::string getDescription() const override { return "List of supported effect primitive."; }
+
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return ""; }
+
+    UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
+        UsageDetails details{};
+        return details;
+    }
+
+    Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        if (!args.empty()) {
+            std::cerr << "Unexpected Arguments!" << std::endl;
+            return USAGE;
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
+        std::string statusStr;
+        std::vector<CompositePrimitive> primitives;
+        Status ret;
+
+        if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::getSupportedPrimitives, &primitives);
+            statusStr = status.getDescription();
+            ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
+        } else {
+            return UNAVAILABLE;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Primitives:" << std::endl;
+        for (auto &e : primitives) {
+            std::cout << "  " << toString(e) << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+static const auto Command =
+        CommandRegistry<CommandVibrator>::Register<CommandGetSupportedPrimitives>(
+                "getSupportedPrimitives");
+
+} // namespace vibrator
+} // namespace idlcli
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandOn.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandOn.cpp
index 4e7e493..8212fc1 100644
--- a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandOn.cpp
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandOn.cpp
@@ -13,9 +13,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <thread>
+
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "vibrator.h"
 
+using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+using std::this_thread::sleep_for;
+
 namespace android {
 namespace idlcli {
 
@@ -26,16 +31,28 @@
 class CommandOn : public Command {
     std::string getDescription() const override { return "Turn on vibrator."; }
 
-    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "<duration>"; }
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "[options] <duration>"; }
 
     UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
         UsageDetails details{
+                {"-b", {"Block for duration of vibration."}},
                 {"<duration>", {"In milliseconds."}},
         };
         return details;
     }
 
     Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        while (args.get<std::string>().value_or("").find("-") == 0) {
+            auto opt = *args.pop<std::string>();
+            if (opt == "--") {
+                break;
+            } else if (opt == "-b") {
+                mBlocking = true;
+            } else {
+                std::cerr << "Invalid Option '" << opt << "'!" << std::endl;
+                return USAGE;
+            }
+        }
         if (auto duration = args.pop<decltype(mDuration)>()) {
             mDuration = *duration;
         } else {
@@ -52,9 +69,21 @@
     Status doMain(Args && /*args*/) override {
         std::string statusStr;
         Status ret;
+        std::shared_ptr<VibratorCallback> callback;
 
         if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
-            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::on, mDuration, nullptr);
+            ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+            ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+
+            int32_t cap;
+            hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::getCapabilities, &cap);
+
+            if (mBlocking && (cap & aidl::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK)) {
+                callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VibratorCallback>();
+            }
+
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::on, mDuration, callback);
+
             statusStr = status.getDescription();
             ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
         } else if (auto hal = getHal<V1_0::IVibrator>()) {
@@ -65,11 +94,20 @@
             return UNAVAILABLE;
         }
 
+        if (ret == OK && mBlocking) {
+            if (callback) {
+                callback->waitForComplete();
+            } else {
+                sleep_for(milliseconds(mDuration));
+            }
+        }
+
         std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
 
         return ret;
     }
 
+    bool mBlocking;
     uint32_t mDuration;
 };
 
diff --git a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandPerform.cpp b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandPerform.cpp
index 69c7e37..c897686 100644
--- a/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandPerform.cpp
+++ b/cmds/idlcli/vibrator/CommandPerform.cpp
@@ -13,9 +13,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <thread>
+
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "vibrator.h"
 
+using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+using std::this_thread::sleep_for;
+
 namespace android {
 namespace idlcli {
 
@@ -51,16 +56,17 @@
 static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(V1_3::Effect::TEXTURE_TICK) ==
               static_cast<uint8_t>(aidl::Effect::TEXTURE_TICK));
 
-using V1_0::EffectStrength;
-using V1_3::Effect;
+using aidl::Effect;
+using aidl::EffectStrength;
 
 class CommandPerform : public Command {
     std::string getDescription() const override { return "Perform vibration effect."; }
 
-    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "<effect> <strength>"; }
+    std::string getUsageSummary() const override { return "[options] <effect> <strength>"; }
 
     UsageDetails getUsageDetails() const override {
         UsageDetails details{
+                {"-b", {"Block for duration of vibration."}},
                 {"<effect>", {"Effect ID."}},
                 {"<strength>", {"0-2."}},
         };
@@ -68,6 +74,17 @@
     }
 
     Status doArgs(Args &args) override {
+        while (args.get<std::string>().value_or("").find("-") == 0) {
+            auto opt = *args.pop<std::string>();
+            if (opt == "--") {
+                break;
+            } else if (opt == "-b") {
+                mBlocking = true;
+            } else {
+                std::cerr << "Invalid Option '" << opt << "'!" << std::endl;
+                return USAGE;
+            }
+        }
         if (auto effect = args.pop<decltype(mEffect)>()) {
             mEffect = *effect;
             std::cout << "Effect: " << toString(mEffect) << std::endl;
@@ -93,12 +110,23 @@
         std::string statusStr;
         uint32_t lengthMs;
         Status ret;
+        std::shared_ptr<VibratorCallback> callback;
 
         if (auto hal = getHal<aidl::IVibrator>()) {
+            ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+            ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+
+            int32_t cap;
+            hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::getCapabilities, &cap);
+
+            if (mBlocking && (cap & aidl::IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK)) {
+                callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VibratorCallback>();
+            }
+
             int32_t aidlLengthMs;
-            auto status =
-                    hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::perform, static_cast<aidl::Effect>(mEffect),
-                              static_cast<aidl::EffectStrength>(mStrength), nullptr, &aidlLengthMs);
+            auto status = hal->call(&aidl::IVibrator::perform, mEffect, mStrength, callback,
+                                    &aidlLengthMs);
+
             statusStr = status.getDescription();
             lengthMs = static_cast<uint32_t>(aidlLengthMs);
             ret = status.isOk() ? OK : ERROR;
@@ -111,17 +139,20 @@
             };
 
             if (auto hal = getHal<V1_3::IVibrator>()) {
-                hidlRet = hal->call(&V1_3::IVibrator::perform_1_3,
-                                    static_cast<V1_3::Effect>(mEffect), mStrength, callback);
+                hidlRet =
+                        hal->call(&V1_3::IVibrator::perform_1_3, static_cast<V1_3::Effect>(mEffect),
+                                  static_cast<V1_0::EffectStrength>(mStrength), callback);
             } else if (auto hal = getHal<V1_2::IVibrator>()) {
-                hidlRet = hal->call(&V1_2::IVibrator::perform_1_2,
-                                    static_cast<V1_2::Effect>(mEffect), mStrength, callback);
+                hidlRet =
+                        hal->call(&V1_2::IVibrator::perform_1_2, static_cast<V1_2::Effect>(mEffect),
+                                  static_cast<V1_0::EffectStrength>(mStrength), callback);
             } else if (auto hal = getHal<V1_1::IVibrator>()) {
                 hidlRet = hal->call(&V1_1::IVibrator::perform_1_1,
-                                    static_cast<V1_1::Effect_1_1>(mEffect), mStrength, callback);
+                                    static_cast<V1_1::Effect_1_1>(mEffect),
+                                    static_cast<V1_0::EffectStrength>(mStrength), callback);
             } else if (auto hal = getHal<V1_0::IVibrator>()) {
                 hidlRet = hal->call(&V1_0::IVibrator::perform, static_cast<V1_0::Effect>(mEffect),
-                                    mStrength, callback);
+                                    static_cast<V1_0::EffectStrength>(mStrength), callback);
             } else {
                 return UNAVAILABLE;
             }
@@ -130,12 +161,21 @@
             ret = hidlRet.isOk() && status == V1_0::Status::OK ? OK : ERROR;
         }
 
+        if (ret == OK && mBlocking) {
+            if (callback) {
+                callback->waitForComplete();
+            } else {
+                sleep_for(milliseconds(lengthMs));
+            }
+        }
+
         std::cout << "Status: " << statusStr << std::endl;
         std::cout << "Length: " << lengthMs << std::endl;
 
         return ret;
     }
 
+    bool mBlocking;
     Effect mEffect;
     EffectStrength mStrength;
 };
diff --git a/cmds/installd/CrateManager.cpp b/cmds/installd/CrateManager.cpp
index 6e079eb..b17cba1 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/CrateManager.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/CrateManager.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 }
 
 void CrateManager::traverseAllPackagesForUser(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, userid_t userId,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, userid_t userId,
         std::function<void(FTSENT*)>& onHandlingPackage) {
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
@@ -96,21 +96,21 @@
 
 void CrateManager::createCrate(
         CratedFolder cratedFolder,
-        std::function<void(CratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>&)>& onCreateCrate) {
+        std::function<void(CratedFolder, CrateMetadata&&)>& onCreateCrate) {
     const char* path = cratedFolder->fts_path;
     if (path == nullptr || *path == '\0') {
         return;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata> crateMetadata = std::make_unique<CrateMetadata>();
-    crateMetadata->uid = cratedFolder->fts_statp->st_uid;
-    crateMetadata->packageName = mPackageName;
-    crateMetadata->id = getValidatedCratedPath(path);
+    CrateMetadata crateMetadata;
+    crateMetadata.uid = cratedFolder->fts_statp->st_uid;
+    crateMetadata.packageName = mPackageName;
+    crateMetadata.id = getValidatedCratedPath(path);
 
-    onCreateCrate(cratedFolder, crateMetadata);
+    onCreateCrate(cratedFolder, std::move(crateMetadata));
 }
 
-void CrateManager::traverseAllCrates(std::function<void(CratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>&)>& onCreateCrate) {
+void CrateManager::traverseAllCrates(std::function<void(CratedFolder, CrateMetadata&&)>& onCreateCrate) {
     std::function<void(FTSENT*)> onVisitCrateDir = [&](FTSENT* cratedFolder) -> void {
         createCrate(cratedFolder, onCreateCrate);
     };
@@ -118,11 +118,11 @@
 }
 
 #if CRATE_DEBUG
-void CrateManager::dump(std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>& CrateMetadata) {
+void CrateManager::dump(const CrateMetadata& CrateMetadata) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << "CrateMetadata = {"
-            << "uid : \"" << CrateMetadata->uid
-            << "\", packageName : \"" << CrateMetadata->packageName
-            << "\", id : \"" << CrateMetadata->id
+            << "uid : \"" << CrateMetadata.uid
+            << "\", packageName : \"" << CrateMetadata.packageName
+            << "\", id : \"" << CrateMetadata.id
             << "\"}";
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/cmds/installd/CrateManager.h b/cmds/installd/CrateManager.h
index 4332d4c..1f30b5d 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/CrateManager.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/CrateManager.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -55,18 +55,18 @@
     CrateManager(const char* uuid, userid_t userId, const std::string& packageName);
     ~CrateManager();
 
-    void traverseAllCrates(std::function<void(CratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>&)>& onCreateCrate);
+    void traverseAllCrates(std::function<void(CratedFolder, CrateMetadata&&)>& onCreateCrate);
 
     static void traverseChildDir(const std::string& targetDir,
             std::function<void(FTSENT*)>& onVisitChildDir);
 
     static void traverseAllPackagesForUser(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         userid_t userId,
         std::function<void(FTSENT*)>& onHandlingPackage);
 
 #if CRATE_DEBUG
-    static void dump(std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>& CrateMetadata);
+    static void dump(const CrateMetadata& CrateMetadata);
 #endif
 private:
     std::string mRoot;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
     void createCrate(
         CratedFolder cratedFolder,
-        std::function<void(CratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>&)>& onCreateCrate);
+        std::function<void(CratedFolder, CrateMetadata&&)>& onCreateCrate);
 };
 
 } // namespace installd
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
index b9c1add..e7014c8 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-binder::Status checkArgumentUuid(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid) {
+binder::Status checkArgumentUuid(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid) {
     if (!uuid || is_valid_filename(*uuid)) {
         return ok();
     } else {
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-binder::Status checkArgumentUuidTestOrNull(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid) {
+binder::Status checkArgumentUuidTestOrNull(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid) {
     if (!uuid || strcmp(uuid->c_str(), kTestUuid) == 0) {
         return ok();
     } else {
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status checkArgumentPath(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& path) {
+binder::Status checkArgumentPath(const std::optional<std::string>& path) {
     if (path) {
         return checkArgumentPath(*path);
     } else {
@@ -421,8 +421,8 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createAppDataBatched(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>& uuids,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>& packageNames,
+        const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>& uuids,
+        const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>& packageNames,
         int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
         const std::vector<std::string>& seInfos, const std::vector<int32_t>& targetSdkVersions,
         int64_t* _aidl_return) {
@@ -432,10 +432,11 @@
     ATRACE_BEGIN("createAppDataBatched");
     binder::Status ret;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < uuids->size(); i++) {
-        if (!packageNames->at(i)) {
+        std::optional<std::string> packageName = packageNames->at(i);
+        if (!packageName) {
             continue;
         }
-        ret = createAppData(uuids->at(i), *packageNames->at(i), userId, flags, appIds[i],
+        ret = createAppData(uuids->at(i), *packageName, userId, flags, appIds[i],
                 seInfos[i], targetSdkVersions[i], _aidl_return);
         if (!ret.isOk()) {
             ATRACE_END();
@@ -446,7 +447,7 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int32_t appId,
         const std::string& seInfo, int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::migrateAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::migrateAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -588,7 +589,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::clearAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::clearAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int64_t ceDataInode) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -708,7 +709,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int64_t ceDataInode) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -780,7 +781,7 @@
     return (gid != -1) ? gid : uid;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::fixupAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::fixupAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -900,7 +901,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::snapshotAppData(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t user, int32_t snapshotId,
         int32_t storageFlags, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -1027,7 +1028,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::restoreAppDataSnapshot(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid, const std::string& packageName,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid, const std::string& packageName,
         const int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo, const int32_t user,
         const int32_t snapshotId, int32_t storageFlags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -1099,7 +1100,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyAppDataSnapshot(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string> &volumeUuid, const std::string& packageName,
+        const std::optional<std::string> &volumeUuid, const std::string& packageName,
         const int32_t user, const int64_t ceSnapshotInode, const int32_t snapshotId,
         int32_t storageFlags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -1132,7 +1133,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyCeSnapshotsNotSpecified(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string> &volumeUuid, const int32_t userId,
+        const std::optional<std::string> &volumeUuid, const int32_t user,
         const std::vector<int32_t>& retainSnapshotIds) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID_IS_TEST_OR_NULL(volumeUuid);
@@ -1140,7 +1141,7 @@
 
     const char* volume_uuid = volumeUuid ? volumeUuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
-    auto base_path = create_data_misc_ce_rollback_base_path(volume_uuid, userId);
+    auto base_path = create_data_misc_ce_rollback_base_path(volume_uuid, user);
 
     std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(base_path.c_str()), closedir);
     if (!dir) {
@@ -1159,7 +1160,7 @@
                 std::find(retainSnapshotIds.begin(), retainSnapshotIds.end(),
                           snapshot_id) == retainSnapshotIds.end()) {
             auto rollback_path = create_data_misc_ce_rollback_path(
-                volume_uuid, userId, snapshot_id);
+                volume_uuid, user, snapshot_id);
             int res = delete_dir_contents_and_dir(rollback_path, true /* ignore_if_missing */);
             if (res != 0) {
                 return error(res, "Failed clearing snapshot " + rollback_path);
@@ -1169,8 +1170,8 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::moveCompleteApp(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& fromUuid,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& toUuid, const std::string& packageName,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::moveCompleteApp(const std::optional<std::string>& fromUuid,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& toUuid, const std::string& packageName,
         int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo,
         int32_t targetSdkVersion, const std::string& fromCodePath) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -1277,7 +1278,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createUserData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::createUserData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -1295,7 +1296,7 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyUserData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::destroyUserData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -1332,13 +1333,13 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::freeCache(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::freeCache(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int64_t targetFreeBytes, int64_t cacheReservedBytes, int32_t flags) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mLock);
 
-    auto uuidString = uuid ? *uuid : "";
+    auto uuidString = uuid.value_or("");
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
     auto data_path = create_data_path(uuid_);
     auto noop = (flags & FLAG_FREE_CACHE_NOOP);
@@ -1736,7 +1737,7 @@
     fts_close(fts);
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getAppSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getAppSize(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::vector<std::string>& packageNames, int32_t userId, int32_t flags,
         int32_t appId, const std::vector<int64_t>& ceDataInodes,
         const std::vector<std::string>& codePaths, std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return) {
@@ -1776,7 +1777,7 @@
     memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
     memset(&extStats, 0, sizeof(extStats));
 
-    auto uuidString = uuid ? *uuid : "";
+    auto uuidString = uuid.value_or("");
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
     if (!IsQuotaSupported(uuidString)) {
@@ -1963,7 +1964,7 @@
     return sizes;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getUserSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getUserSize(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
         std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -1983,7 +1984,7 @@
     memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
     memset(&extStats, 0, sizeof(extStats));
 
-    auto uuidString = uuid ? *uuid : "";
+    auto uuidString = uuid.value_or("");
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
     if (!IsQuotaSupported(uuidString)) {
@@ -2095,7 +2096,7 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getExternalSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getExternalSize(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
         std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -2110,7 +2111,7 @@
     LOG(INFO) << "Measuring external " << userId;
 #endif
 
-    auto uuidString = uuid ? *uuid : "";
+    auto uuidString = uuid.value_or("");
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
     int64_t totalSize = 0;
@@ -2212,9 +2213,9 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getAppCrates(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::vector<std::string>& packageNames, int32_t userId,
-        std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>>>* _aidl_return) {
+        std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<CrateMetadata>>>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     for (const auto& packageName : packageNames) {
@@ -2223,15 +2224,15 @@
 #ifdef ENABLE_STORAGE_CRATES
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mLock);
 
-    auto retVector = std::make_unique<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>>>();
+    auto retVector = std::vector<std::optional<CrateMetadata>>();
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
-    std::function<void(CratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata> &)> onCreateCrate =
-            [&](CratedFolder cratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata> &crateMetadata) -> void {
+    std::function<void(CratedFolder, CrateMetadata&&)> onCreateCrate =
+            [&](CratedFolder cratedFolder, CrateMetadata&& crateMetadata) -> void {
         if (cratedFolder == nullptr) {
             return;
         }
-        retVector->push_back(std::move(crateMetadata));
+        retVector.push_back(std::move(crateMetadata));
     };
 
     for (const auto& packageName : packageNames) {
@@ -2243,15 +2244,15 @@
     }
 
 #if CRATE_DEBUG
-    LOG(WARNING) << "retVector->size() =" << retVector->size();
-    for (auto iter = retVector->begin(); iter != retVector->end(); ++iter) {
-        CrateManager::dump(*iter);
+    LOG(WARNING) << "retVector.size() =" << retVector.size();
+    for (auto& item : retVector) {
+        CrateManager::dump(*item);
     }
 #endif
 
     *_aidl_return = std::move(retVector);
 #else // ENABLE_STORAGE_CRATES
-    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    _aidl_return->reset();
 
     /* prevent compile warning fail */
     if (userId < 0) {
@@ -2262,22 +2263,22 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::getUserCrates(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
-        std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>>>* _aidl_return) {
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
+        std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<CrateMetadata>>>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
 #ifdef ENABLE_STORAGE_CRATES
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mLock);
 
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
-    auto retVector = std::make_unique<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata>>>();
+    auto retVector = std::vector<std::optional<CrateMetadata>>();
 
-    std::function<void(CratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata> &)> onCreateCrate =
-            [&](CratedFolder cratedFolder, std::unique_ptr<CrateMetadata> &crateMetadata) -> void {
+    std::function<void(CratedFolder, CrateMetadata&&)> onCreateCrate =
+            [&](CratedFolder cratedFolder, CrateMetadata&& crateMetadata) -> void {
         if (cratedFolder == nullptr) {
             return;
         }
-        retVector->push_back(std::move(crateMetadata));
+        retVector.push_back(std::move(crateMetadata));
     };
 
     std::function<void(FTSENT*)> onHandingPackage = [&](FTSENT* packageDir) -> void {
@@ -2287,15 +2288,15 @@
     CrateManager::traverseAllPackagesForUser(uuid, userId, onHandingPackage);
 
 #if CRATE_DEBUG
-    LOG(DEBUG) << "retVector->size() =" << retVector->size();
-    for (auto iter = retVector->begin(); iter != retVector->end(); ++iter) {
-        CrateManager::dump(*iter);
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "retVector.size() =" << retVector.size();
+    for (auto& item : retVector) {
+        CrateManager::dump(*item);
     }
 #endif
 
     *_aidl_return = std::move(retVector);
 #else // ENABLE_STORAGE_CRATES
-    *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+    _aidl_return->reset();
 
     /* prevent compile warning fail */
     if (userId < 0) {
@@ -2305,7 +2306,7 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::setAppQuota(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::setAppQuota(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         int32_t userId, int32_t appId, int64_t cacheQuota) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -2376,19 +2377,19 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
-static const char* getCStr(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& data,
+static const char* getCStr(const std::optional<std::string>& data,
         const char* default_value = nullptr) {
-    return data == nullptr ? default_value : data->c_str();
+    return data ? data->c_str() : default_value;
 }
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::dexopt(const std::string& apkPath, int32_t uid,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& packageName, const std::string& instructionSet,
-        int32_t dexoptNeeded, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
-        const std::string& compilerFilter, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& classLoaderContext,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& seInfo, bool downgrade, int32_t targetSdkVersion,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& profileName,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& dexMetadataPath,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& compilationReason) {
+        const std::optional<std::string>& packageName, const std::string& instructionSet,
+        int32_t dexoptNeeded, const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
+        const std::string& compilerFilter, const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& classLoaderContext,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& seInfo, bool downgrade, int32_t targetSdkVersion,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& profileName,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadataPath,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& compilationReason) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(apkPath);
@@ -2434,7 +2435,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::linkNativeLibraryDirectory(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, const std::string& packageName,
         const std::string& nativeLibPath32, int32_t userId) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
@@ -2525,7 +2526,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-binder::Status InstalldNativeService::restoreconAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+binder::Status InstalldNativeService::restoreconAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int32_t appId,
         const std::string& seInfo) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
@@ -2643,7 +2644,7 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::deleteOdex(const std::string& apkPath,
-        const std::string& instructionSet, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& outputPath) {
+        const std::string& instructionSet, const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(apkPath);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(outputPath);
@@ -2795,7 +2796,7 @@
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::reconcileSecondaryDexFile(
         const std::string& dexPath, const std::string& packageName, int32_t uid,
-        const std::vector<std::string>& isas, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid,
+        const std::vector<std::string>& isas, const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid,
         int32_t storage_flag, bool* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(volumeUuid);
@@ -2810,7 +2811,7 @@
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::hashSecondaryDexFile(
         const std::string& dexPath, const std::string& packageName, int32_t uid,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid, int32_t storageFlag,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid, int32_t storageFlag,
         std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(volumeUuid);
@@ -2869,7 +2870,7 @@
 
 // Mount volume's CE and DE storage to mirror
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::tryMountDataMirror(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid) {
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     if (!sAppDataIsolationEnabled) {
@@ -2933,7 +2934,7 @@
 
 // Unmount volume's CE and DE storage from mirror
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::onPrivateVolumeRemoved(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid) {
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_UUID(uuid);
     if (!sAppDataIsolationEnabled) {
@@ -2977,7 +2978,7 @@
 }
 
 std::string InstalldNativeService::findDataMediaPath(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, userid_t userid) {
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, userid_t userid) {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mMountsLock);
     const char* uuid_ = uuid ? uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
     auto path = StringPrintf("%s/media", create_data_path(uuid_).c_str());
@@ -2990,15 +2991,14 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::isQuotaSupported(
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, bool* _aidl_return) {
-    auto uuidString = uuid ? *uuid : "";
-    *_aidl_return = IsQuotaSupported(uuidString);
+        const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, bool* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = IsQuotaSupported(uuid.value_or(""));
     return ok();
 }
 
 binder::Status InstalldNativeService::prepareAppProfile(const std::string& packageName,
         int32_t userId, int32_t appId, const std::string& profileName, const std::string& codePath,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& dexMetadata, bool* _aidl_return) {
+        const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadata, bool* _aidl_return) {
     ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME(packageName);
     CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(codePath);
diff --git a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
index 8e7d98b..9819327 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/InstalldNativeService.h
@@ -40,81 +40,81 @@
     static char const* getServiceName() { return "installd"; }
     virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> &args) override;
 
-    binder::Status createUserData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
+    binder::Status createUserData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
             int32_t userSerial, int32_t flags);
-    binder::Status destroyUserData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
+    binder::Status destroyUserData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
             int32_t flags);
     binder::Status createAppDataBatched(
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>& uuids,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>& packageNames,
+            const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>& uuids,
+            const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>& packageNames,
             int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
             const std::vector<std::string>& seInfos, const std::vector<int32_t>& targetSdkVersions,
             int64_t* _aidl_return);
-    binder::Status createAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status createAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int32_t appId,
             const std::string& seInfo, int32_t targetSdkVersion, int64_t* _aidl_return);
-    binder::Status restoreconAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status restoreconAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int32_t appId,
             const std::string& seInfo);
-    binder::Status migrateAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status migrateAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags);
-    binder::Status clearAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status clearAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int64_t ceDataInode);
-    binder::Status destroyAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status destroyAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::string& packageName, int32_t userId, int32_t flags, int64_t ceDataInode);
 
-    binder::Status fixupAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, int32_t flags);
+    binder::Status fixupAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int32_t flags);
 
-    binder::Status snapshotAppData(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid,
+    binder::Status snapshotAppData(const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid,
             const std::string& packageName, const int32_t user, const int32_t snapshotId,
             int32_t storageFlags, int64_t* _aidl_return);
-    binder::Status restoreAppDataSnapshot(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid,
+    binder::Status restoreAppDataSnapshot(const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid,
             const std::string& packageName, const int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo,
             const int32_t user, const int32_t snapshotId, int32_t storageFlags);
-    binder::Status destroyAppDataSnapshot(const std::unique_ptr<std::string> &volumeUuid,
+    binder::Status destroyAppDataSnapshot(const std::optional<std::string> &volumeUuid,
             const std::string& packageName, const int32_t user, const int64_t ceSnapshotInode,
             const int32_t snapshotId, int32_t storageFlags);
-    binder::Status destroyCeSnapshotsNotSpecified(const std::unique_ptr<std::string> &volumeUuid,
-            const int32_t userId, const std::vector<int32_t>& retainSnapshotIds);
+    binder::Status destroyCeSnapshotsNotSpecified(const std::optional<std::string> &volumeUuid,
+            const int32_t user, const std::vector<int32_t>& retainSnapshotIds);
 
-    binder::Status getAppSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status getAppSize(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::vector<std::string>& packageNames, int32_t userId, int32_t flags,
             int32_t appId, const std::vector<int64_t>& ceDataInodes,
             const std::vector<std::string>& codePaths, std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return);
-    binder::Status getUserSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status getUserSize(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
             std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return);
-    binder::Status getExternalSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status getExternalSize(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             int32_t userId, int32_t flags, const std::vector<int32_t>& appIds,
             std::vector<int64_t>* _aidl_return);
 
-    binder::Status getAppCrates(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status getAppCrates(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::vector<std::string>& packageNames,
             int32_t userId,
-            std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<android::os::storage::CrateMetadata>>>*
+            std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<android::os::storage::CrateMetadata>>>*
                     _aidl_return);
     binder::Status getUserCrates(
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
-            std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<android::os::storage::CrateMetadata>>>*
+            const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int32_t userId,
+            std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<android::os::storage::CrateMetadata>>>*
                     _aidl_return);
 
-    binder::Status setAppQuota(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status setAppQuota(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             int32_t userId, int32_t appId, int64_t cacheQuota);
 
-    binder::Status moveCompleteApp(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& fromUuid,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& toUuid, const std::string& packageName,
+    binder::Status moveCompleteApp(const std::optional<std::string>& fromUuid,
+            const std::optional<std::string>& toUuid, const std::string& packageName,
             int32_t appId, const std::string& seInfo,
             int32_t targetSdkVersion, const std::string& fromCodePath);
 
     binder::Status dexopt(const std::string& apkPath, int32_t uid,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& packageName, const std::string& instructionSet,
-            int32_t dexoptNeeded, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
-            const std::string& compilerFilter, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& classLoaderContext,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& seInfo, bool downgrade,
-            int32_t targetSdkVersion, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& profileName,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& dexMetadataPath,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& compilationReason);
+            const std::optional<std::string>& packageName, const std::string& instructionSet,
+            int32_t dexoptNeeded, const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath, int32_t dexFlags,
+            const std::string& compilerFilter, const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
+            const std::optional<std::string>& classLoaderContext,
+            const std::optional<std::string>& seInfo, bool downgrade,
+            int32_t targetSdkVersion, const std::optional<std::string>& profileName,
+            const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadataPath,
+            const std::optional<std::string>& compilationReason);
 
     binder::Status compileLayouts(const std::string& apkPath, const std::string& packageName,
                                   const std::string& outDexFile, int uid, bool* _aidl_return);
@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@
             const std::string& profileName);
 
     binder::Status rmPackageDir(const std::string& packageDir);
-    binder::Status freeCache(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, int64_t targetFreeBytes,
+    binder::Status freeCache(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, int64_t targetFreeBytes,
             int64_t cacheReservedBytes, int32_t flags);
-    binder::Status linkNativeLibraryDirectory(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+    binder::Status linkNativeLibraryDirectory(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid,
             const std::string& packageName, const std::string& nativeLibPath32, int32_t userId);
     binder::Status createOatDir(const std::string& oatDir, const std::string& instructionSet);
     binder::Status linkFile(const std::string& relativePath, const std::string& fromBase,
@@ -147,27 +147,27 @@
     binder::Status moveAb(const std::string& apkPath, const std::string& instructionSet,
             const std::string& outputPath);
     binder::Status deleteOdex(const std::string& apkPath, const std::string& instructionSet,
-            const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& outputPath);
+            const std::optional<std::string>& outputPath);
     binder::Status installApkVerity(const std::string& filePath,
             android::base::unique_fd verityInput, int32_t contentSize);
     binder::Status assertFsverityRootHashMatches(const std::string& filePath,
             const std::vector<uint8_t>& expectedHash);
     binder::Status reconcileSecondaryDexFile(const std::string& dexPath,
         const std::string& packageName, int32_t uid, const std::vector<std::string>& isa,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid, int32_t storage_flag, bool* _aidl_return);
+        const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid, int32_t storage_flag, bool* _aidl_return);
     binder::Status hashSecondaryDexFile(const std::string& dexPath,
-        const std::string& packageName, int32_t uid, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid,
+        const std::string& packageName, int32_t uid, const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid,
         int32_t storageFlag, std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return);
 
     binder::Status invalidateMounts();
-    binder::Status isQuotaSupported(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid,
+    binder::Status isQuotaSupported(const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid,
             bool* _aidl_return);
-    binder::Status tryMountDataMirror(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid);
-    binder::Status onPrivateVolumeRemoved(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid);
+    binder::Status tryMountDataMirror(const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid);
+    binder::Status onPrivateVolumeRemoved(const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid);
 
     binder::Status prepareAppProfile(const std::string& packageName,
             int32_t userId, int32_t appId, const std::string& profileName,
-            const std::string& codePath, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& dexMetadata,
+            const std::string& codePath, const std::optional<std::string>& dexMetadata,
             bool* _aidl_return);
 
     binder::Status migrateLegacyObbData();
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
     /* Map from UID to cache quota size */
     std::unordered_map<uid_t, int64_t> mCacheQuotas;
 
-    std::string findDataMediaPath(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid, userid_t userid);
+    std::string findDataMediaPath(const std::optional<std::string>& uuid, userid_t userid);
 };
 
 }  // namespace installd
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
index ffa8724..82be007 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.cpp
@@ -2325,7 +2325,7 @@
 //   out_secondary_dex_exists will be set to false.
 bool reconcile_secondary_dex_file(const std::string& dex_path,
         const std::string& pkgname, int uid, const std::vector<std::string>& isas,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volume_uuid, int storage_flag,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& volume_uuid, int storage_flag,
         /*out*/bool* out_secondary_dex_exists) {
     *out_secondary_dex_exists = false;  // start by assuming the file does not exist.
     if (isas.size() == 0) {
@@ -2346,7 +2346,7 @@
         /* child -- drop privileges before continuing */
         drop_capabilities(uid);
 
-        const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid == nullptr ? nullptr : volume_uuid->c_str();
+        const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid ? volume_uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
         if (!validate_secondary_dex_path(pkgname, dex_path, volume_uuid_cstr,
                 uid, storage_flag)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Could not validate secondary dex path " << dex_path;
@@ -2447,11 +2447,11 @@
 // the app.
 // For any other errors (e.g. if any of the parameters are invalid) returns false.
 bool hash_secondary_dex_file(const std::string& dex_path, const std::string& pkgname, int uid,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volume_uuid, int storage_flag,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& volume_uuid, int storage_flag,
         std::vector<uint8_t>* out_secondary_dex_hash) {
     out_secondary_dex_hash->clear();
 
-    const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid == nullptr ? nullptr : volume_uuid->c_str();
+    const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid ? volume_uuid->c_str() : nullptr;
 
     if (storage_flag != FLAG_STORAGE_CE && storage_flag != FLAG_STORAGE_DE) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "hash_secondary_dex_file called with invalid storage_flag: "
@@ -2978,7 +2978,7 @@
                          appid_t app_id,
                          const std::string& profile_name,
                          const std::string& code_path,
-                         const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& dex_metadata) {
+                         const std::optional<std::string>& dex_metadata) {
     // Prepare the current profile.
     std::string cur_profile  = create_current_profile_path(user_id, package_name, profile_name,
             /*is_secondary_dex*/ false);
@@ -2989,7 +2989,7 @@
     }
 
     // Check if we need to install the profile from the dex metadata.
-    if (dex_metadata == nullptr) {
+    if (!dex_metadata) {
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/cmds/installd/dexopt.h b/cmds/installd/dexopt.h
index cc44873..d35953c 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/dexopt.h
+++ b/cmds/installd/dexopt.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <optional>
+
 #include <cutils/multiuser.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -100,17 +102,17 @@
                          appid_t app_id,
                          const std::string& profile_name,
                          const std::string& code_path,
-                         const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& dex_metadata);
+                         const std::optional<std::string>& dex_metadata);
 
 bool delete_odex(const char* apk_path, const char* instruction_set, const char* output_path);
 
 bool reconcile_secondary_dex_file(const std::string& dex_path,
         const std::string& pkgname, int uid, const std::vector<std::string>& isas,
-        const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volumeUuid, int storage_flag,
+        const std::optional<std::string>& volumeUuid, int storage_flag,
         /*out*/bool* out_secondary_dex_exists);
 
 bool hash_secondary_dex_file(const std::string& dex_path,
-        const std::string& pkgname, int uid, const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& volume_uuid,
+        const std::string& pkgname, int uid, const std::optional<std::string>& volume_uuid,
         int storage_flag, std::vector<uint8_t>* out_secondary_dex_hash);
 
 int dexopt(const char *apk_path, uid_t uid, const char *pkgName, const char *instruction_set,
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp
index 5a5cb53..863cdfe 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_cache_test.cpp
@@ -114,15 +114,14 @@
 class CacheTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     InstalldNativeService* service;
-    std::unique_ptr<std::string> testUuid;
+    std::optional<std::string> testUuid;
 
     virtual void SetUp() {
         setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:v", 1);
         android::base::InitLogging(nullptr);
 
         service = new InstalldNativeService();
-        testUuid = std::make_unique<std::string>();
-        *testUuid = std::string(kTestUuid);
+        testUuid = kTestUuid;
         system("mkdir -p /data/local/tmp/user/0");
     }
 
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
index 16e4055..96f5e44 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_dexopt_test.cpp
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
     const uid_t kTestAppGid = multiuser_get_shared_gid(kTestUserId, kTestAppId);
 
     InstalldNativeService* service_;
-    std::unique_ptr<std::string> volume_uuid_;
+    std::optional<std::string> volume_uuid_;
     std::string package_name_;
     std::string apk_path_;
     std::string empty_dm_file_;
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(init_selinux());
         service_ = new InstalldNativeService();
 
-        volume_uuid_ = nullptr;
+        volume_uuid_ = std::nullopt;
         package_name_ = "com.installd.test.dexopt";
         se_info_ = "default";
         app_apk_dir_ = android_app_dir + package_name_;
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
         }
 
         // Create a secondary dex file on CE storage
-        const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid_ == nullptr ? nullptr : volume_uuid_->c_str();
+        const char* volume_uuid_cstr = volume_uuid_ ? volume_uuid_->c_str() : nullptr;
         app_private_dir_ce_ = create_data_user_ce_package_path(
                 volume_uuid_cstr, kTestUserId, package_name_.c_str());
         secondary_dex_ce_ = app_private_dir_ce_ + "/secondary_ce.jar";
@@ -353,36 +353,32 @@
         if (class_loader_context == nullptr) {
             class_loader_context = "&";
         }
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> package_name_ptr(new std::string(package_name_));
         int32_t dexopt_needed = 0;  // does not matter;
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> out_path = nullptr;  // does not matter
+        std::optional<std::string> out_path; // does not matter
         int32_t dex_flags = DEXOPT_SECONDARY_DEX | dex_storage_flag;
         std::string compiler_filter = "speed-profile";
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> class_loader_context_ptr(
-                new std::string(class_loader_context));
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> se_info_ptr(new std::string(se_info_));
         bool downgrade = false;
         int32_t target_sdk_version = 0;  // default
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> profile_name_ptr = nullptr;
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> dm_path_ptr = nullptr;
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> compilation_reason_ptr = nullptr;
+        std::optional<std::string> profile_name;
+        std::optional<std::string> dm_path;
+        std::optional<std::string> compilation_reason;
 
         binder::Status result = service_->dexopt(path,
                                                  uid,
-                                                 package_name_ptr,
+                                                 package_name_,
                                                  kRuntimeIsa,
                                                  dexopt_needed,
                                                  out_path,
                                                  dex_flags,
                                                  compiler_filter,
                                                  volume_uuid_,
-                                                 class_loader_context_ptr,
-                                                 se_info_ptr,
+                                                 class_loader_context,
+                                                 se_info_,
                                                  downgrade,
                                                  target_sdk_version,
-                                                 profile_name_ptr,
-                                                 dm_path_ptr,
-                                                 compilation_reason_ptr);
+                                                 profile_name,
+                                                 dm_path,
+                                                 compilation_reason);
         ASSERT_EQ(should_binder_call_succeed, result.isOk()) << result.toString8().c_str();
         int expected_access = should_dex_be_compiled ? 0 : -1;
         std::string odex = GetSecondaryDexArtifact(path, "odex");
@@ -481,41 +477,35 @@
                            bool downgrade,
                            bool should_binder_call_succeed,
                            /*out */ binder::Status* binder_result) {
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> package_name_ptr(new std::string(package_name_));
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> out_path(
-                oat_dir == nullptr ? nullptr : new std::string(oat_dir));
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> class_loader_context_ptr(new std::string("&"));
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> se_info_ptr(new std::string(se_info_));
+        std::optional<std::string> out_path = oat_dir ? std::make_optional<std::string>(oat_dir) : std::nullopt;
+        std::string class_loader_context = "&";
         int32_t target_sdk_version = 0;  // default
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> profile_name_ptr(new std::string("primary.prof"));
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> dm_path_ptr = nullptr;
-        if (dm_path != nullptr) {
-            dm_path_ptr.reset(new std::string(dm_path));
-        }
-        std::unique_ptr<std::string> compilation_reason_ptr(new std::string("test-reason"));
+        std::string profile_name = "primary.prof";
+        std::optional<std::string> dm_path_opt = dm_path ? std::make_optional<std::string>(dm_path) : std::nullopt;
+        std::string compilation_reason = "test-reason";
 
         bool prof_result;
         ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service_->prepareAppProfile(
-                package_name_, kTestUserId, kTestAppId, *profile_name_ptr, apk_path_,
-                dm_path_ptr, &prof_result));
+                package_name_, kTestUserId, kTestAppId, profile_name, apk_path_,
+                dm_path_opt, &prof_result));
         ASSERT_TRUE(prof_result);
 
         binder::Status result = service_->dexopt(apk_path_,
                                                  uid,
-                                                 package_name_ptr,
+                                                 package_name_,
                                                  kRuntimeIsa,
                                                  dexopt_needed,
                                                  out_path,
                                                  dex_flags,
                                                  compiler_filter,
                                                  volume_uuid_,
-                                                 class_loader_context_ptr,
-                                                 se_info_ptr,
+                                                 class_loader_context,
+                                                 se_info_,
                                                  downgrade,
                                                  target_sdk_version,
-                                                 profile_name_ptr,
-                                                 dm_path_ptr,
-                                                 compilation_reason_ptr);
+                                                 profile_name,
+                                                 dm_path_opt,
+                                                 compilation_reason);
         ASSERT_EQ(should_binder_call_succeed, result.isOk()) << result.toString8().c_str();
 
         if (!should_binder_call_succeed) {
@@ -992,7 +982,7 @@
         bool result;
         ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service_->prepareAppProfile(
                 package_name, kTestUserId, kTestAppId, profile_name, apk_path_,
-                /*dex_metadata*/ nullptr, &result));
+                /*dex_metadata*/ {}, &result));
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_result, result);
 
         if (!expected_result) {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_service_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_service_test.cpp
index 0fb62ae..1e7559d 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_service_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_service_test.cpp
@@ -99,15 +99,14 @@
 class ServiceTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     InstalldNativeService* service;
-    std::unique_ptr<std::string> testUuid;
+    std::optional<std::string> testUuid;
 
     virtual void SetUp() {
         setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:v", 1);
         android::base::InitLogging(nullptr);
 
         service = new InstalldNativeService();
-        testUuid = std::make_unique<std::string>();
-        *testUuid = std::string(kTestUuid);
+        testUuid = kTestUuid;
         system("mkdir -p /data/local/tmp/user/0");
 
         init_globals_from_data_and_root();
@@ -322,7 +321,7 @@
 
   // Request a snapshot of the CE content but not the DE content.
   int64_t ce_snapshot_inode;
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 37, FLAG_STORAGE_CE, &ce_snapshot_inode));
   struct stat buf;
   memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
@@ -344,7 +343,7 @@
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
 
   // Request a snapshot of the DE content but not the CE content.
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 37, FLAG_STORAGE_DE, &ce_snapshot_inode));
   // Only DE content snapshot was requested.
   ASSERT_EQ(ce_snapshot_inode, 0);
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
 
   // Request a snapshot of both the CE as well as the DE content.
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 37, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE, nullptr));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString(
@@ -407,10 +406,10 @@
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
 
   // Request snapshot for the package com.foo.
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 67, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE, nullptr));
   // Now request snapshot with the same id for the package com.bar
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.bar", 0, 67, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE, nullptr));
 
   // Check that both snapshots have correct data in them.
@@ -439,9 +438,9 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, delete_dir_contents_and_dir(fake_package_de_path, true));
 
   int64_t ce_snapshot_inode;
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 73, FLAG_STORAGE_CE, &ce_snapshot_inode));
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 73, FLAG_STORAGE_DE, nullptr));
   // No CE content snapshot was performed.
   ASSERT_EQ(ce_snapshot_inode, 0);
@@ -476,7 +475,7 @@
           "TEST_CONTENT_2_DE", fake_package_de_path + "/file2",
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
 
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 13, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE, nullptr));
 
   // Previous snapshot (with data for file1) must be cleared.
@@ -497,7 +496,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(mkdirs(rollback_ce_dir, 0700));
   ASSERT_TRUE(mkdirs(rollback_de_dir, 0700));
 
-  EXPECT_BINDER_FAIL(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("FOO"),
+  EXPECT_BINDER_FAIL(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("FOO"),
           "com.foo", 0, 17, FLAG_STORAGE_DE, nullptr));
 }
 
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(
           "TEST_CONTENT_DE", fake_package_de_code_cache_path + "/file1",
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 23, FLAG_STORAGE_CE | FLAG_STORAGE_DE, nullptr));
   // The snapshot call must clear cache.
   struct stat sb;
@@ -558,7 +557,7 @@
           "TEST_CONTENT_DE", fake_package_de_path + "/file1",
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
 
-  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->restoreAppDataSnapshot(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_BINDER_SUCCESS(service->restoreAppDataSnapshot(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 10000, "", 0, 239, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE));
 
   std::string ce_content, de_content;
@@ -584,7 +583,7 @@
 
   int64_t ce_snapshot_inode;
   // Request a snapshot of both the CE as well as the DE content.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_TRUE(service->snapshotAppData(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 57, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE, &ce_snapshot_inode).isOk());
   // Because CE data snapshot was requested, ce_snapshot_inode can't be null.
   ASSERT_NE(0, ce_snapshot_inode);
@@ -594,7 +593,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, stat((rollback_de_dir + "/com.foo").c_str(), &sb));
 
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_TRUE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, ce_snapshot_inode, 57, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE).isOk());
   // Check snapshot is deleted.
   ASSERT_EQ(-1, stat((rollback_ce_dir + "/com.foo").c_str(), &sb));
@@ -615,7 +614,7 @@
           "DE_RESTORE_CONTENT", rollback_de_dir + "/com.foo/file1",
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_TRUE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 0, 1543, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE).isOk());
 
   // Check snapshot is deleted.
@@ -624,7 +623,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(-1, stat((rollback_de_dir + "/com.foo").c_str(), &sb));
 
   // Check that deleting already deleted snapshot is no-op.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"),
+  ASSERT_TRUE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"),
           "com.foo", 0, 0, 1543, FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE).isOk());
 }
 
@@ -637,7 +636,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(mkdirs(rollback_ce_dir, 0700));
   ASSERT_TRUE(mkdirs(rollback_de_dir, 0700));
 
-  ASSERT_FALSE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_unique<std::string>("BAR"),
+  ASSERT_FALSE(service->destroyAppDataSnapshot(std::make_optional<std::string>("BAR"),
           "com.foo", 0, 0, 43, FLAG_STORAGE_DE).isOk());
 }
 
@@ -669,7 +668,7 @@
           0700, 10000, 20000, false /* follow_symlinks */));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(service->destroyCeSnapshotsNotSpecified(
-          std::make_unique<std::string>("TEST"), 0, { 1543, 77 }).isOk());
+          std::make_optional<std::string>("TEST"), 0, { 1543, 77 }).isOk());
 
   // Check only snapshots not specified are deleted.
   struct stat sb;
@@ -690,7 +689,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(mkdirs(rollback_ce_dir, 0700));
   ASSERT_TRUE(mkdirs(rollback_de_dir, 0700));
 
-  EXPECT_BINDER_FAIL(service->restoreAppDataSnapshot(std::make_unique<std::string>("BAR"),
+  EXPECT_BINDER_FAIL(service->restoreAppDataSnapshot(std::make_optional<std::string>("BAR"),
           "com.foo", 10000, "", 0, 41, FLAG_STORAGE_DE));
 }
 
diff --git a/docs/Doxyfile b/docs/Doxyfile
index efa639d..a1bd960 100644
--- a/docs/Doxyfile
+++ b/docs/Doxyfile
@@ -1621,7 +1621,23 @@
 # undefined via #undef or recursively expanded use the := operator
 # instead of the = operator.
 
-PREDEFINED             = __attribute__(x)=
+PREDEFINED             = \
+    "__ANDROID_API__=10000" \
+    "__BEGIN_DECLS=" \
+    "__END_DECLS=" \
+    "__INTRODUCED_IN(x)=" \
+    "__INTRODUCED_IN_32(x)=" \
+    "__INTRODUCED_IN_64(x)=" \
+    "__RENAME(x)=" \
+    "__RENAME_LDBL(x,y,z)=" \
+    "__printflike(x,y)=" \
+    "__attribute__(x)=" \
+    "__wur=" \
+    "__mallocfunc=" \
+    "__attribute_pure__=" \
+    "__attribute__(x)=" \
+    __ANDROID__ \
+    __BIONIC__ \
 
 # If the MACRO_EXPANSION and EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF tags are set to YES then
 # this tag can be used to specify a list of macro names that should be expanded.
diff --git a/headers/Android.bp b/headers/Android.bp
index 5337235..8f41c2b 100644
--- a/headers/Android.bp
+++ b/headers/Android.bp
@@ -18,4 +18,11 @@
         "libstagefright_foundation_headers",
     ],
     min_sdk_version: "29",
+
+    host_supported: true,
+    target: {
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
 }
diff --git a/include/android/bitmap.h b/include/android/bitmap.h
index 2631b14..f195399 100644
--- a/include/android/bitmap.h
+++ b/include/android/bitmap.h
@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@
  * Note that {@link ADataSpace} only exposes a few values. This may return
  * {@link ADATASPACE_UNKNOWN}, even for Named ColorSpaces, if they have no
  * corresponding ADataSpace.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 int32_t AndroidBitmap_getDataSpace(JNIEnv* env, jobject jbitmap)  __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
@@ -189,6 +191,8 @@
 /**
  *  User-defined function for writing the output of compression.
  *
+ *  Available since API level 30.
+ *
  *  @param userContext Pointer to user-defined data passed to
  *         {@link AndroidBitmap_compress}.
  *  @param data Compressed data of |size| bytes to write.
@@ -202,6 +206,8 @@
 /**
  *  Compress |pixels| as described by |info|.
  *
+ *  Available since API level 30.
+ *
  *  @param info Description of the pixels to compress.
  *  @param dataspace {@link ADataSpace} describing the color space of the
  *                   pixels.
@@ -234,6 +240,8 @@
  *
  *  Client must not modify it while a Bitmap is wrapping it.
  *
+ *  Available since API level 30.
+ *
  *  @param bitmap Handle to an android.graphics.Bitmap.
  *  @param outBuffer On success, is set to a pointer to the
  *         {@link AHardwareBuffer} associated with bitmap. This acquires
diff --git a/include/android/choreographer.h b/include/android/choreographer.h
index c1c4a72..bdf11e4 100644
--- a/include/android/choreographer.h
+++ b/include/android/choreographer.h
@@ -129,9 +129,12 @@
  *
  * This api is thread-safe. Any thread is allowed to register a new refresh
  * rate callback for the choreographer instance.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 void AChoreographer_registerRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-                                                AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback, void* data);
+                                                AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback, void* data)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
  * Unregisters a callback to be run when the display refresh rate changes, along
@@ -144,9 +147,12 @@
  * callback and associated data pointer are unregistered, then there is a
  * guarantee that when the unregistration completes that that callback will not
  * be run with the data pointer passed.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 void AChoreographer_unregisterRefreshRateCallback(AChoreographer* choreographer,
-                                                  AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback, void* data);
+                                                  AChoreographer_refreshRateCallback, void* data)
+        __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 #endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 30 */
 
 __END_DECLS
diff --git a/include/android/configuration.h b/include/android/configuration.h
index 05f4340..ccf3e59 100644
--- a/include/android/configuration.h
+++ b/include/android/configuration.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_ORIENTATION_ANY  = 0x0000,
     /**
      * Orientation: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#OrientationQualifier">port</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#OrientationQualifier">port</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_ORIENTATION_PORT = 0x0001,
     /**
      * Orientation: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#OrientationQualifier">land</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#OrientationQualifier">land</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_ORIENTATION_LAND = 0x0002,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_TOUCHSCREEN_ANY  = 0x0000,
     /**
      * Touchscreen: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#TouchscreenQualifier">notouch</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#TouchscreenQualifier">notouch</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_TOUCHSCREEN_NOTOUCH  = 0x0001,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_TOUCHSCREEN_STYLUS  = 0x0002,
     /**
      * Touchscreen: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#TouchscreenQualifier">finger</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#TouchscreenQualifier">finger</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_TOUCHSCREEN_FINGER  = 0x0003,
@@ -92,43 +92,43 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_DEFAULT = 0,
     /**
      * Density: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">ldpi</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">ldpi</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_LOW = 120,
     /**
      * Density: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">mdpi</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">mdpi</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_MEDIUM = 160,
     /**
      * Density: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">tvdpi</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">tvdpi</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_TV = 213,
     /**
      * Density: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">hdpi</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">hdpi</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_HIGH = 240,
     /**
      * Density: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">xhdpi</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">xhdpi</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_XHIGH = 320,
     /**
      * Density: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">xxhdpi</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">xxhdpi</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_XXHIGH = 480,
     /**
      * Density: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">xxxhdpi</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">xxxhdpi</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_XXXHIGH = 640,
@@ -141,19 +141,19 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYBOARD_ANY  = 0x0000,
     /**
      * Keyboard: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">nokeys</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">nokeys</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYBOARD_NOKEYS  = 0x0001,
     /**
      * Keyboard: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">qwerty</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">qwerty</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYBOARD_QWERTY  = 0x0002,
     /**
      * Keyboard: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">12key</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">12key</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYBOARD_12KEY  = 0x0003,
@@ -162,25 +162,25 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVIGATION_ANY  = 0x0000,
     /**
      * Navigation: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">nonav</a>
+     * <a href="@/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">nonav</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVIGATION_NONAV  = 0x0001,
     /**
      * Navigation: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">dpad</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">dpad</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVIGATION_DPAD  = 0x0002,
     /**
      * Navigation: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">trackball</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">trackball</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVIGATION_TRACKBALL  = 0x0003,
     /**
      * Navigation: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">wheel</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">wheel</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVIGATION_WHEEL  = 0x0004,
@@ -189,19 +189,19 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYSHIDDEN_ANY = 0x0000,
     /**
      * Keyboard availability: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keysexposed</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keysexposed</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYSHIDDEN_NO = 0x0001,
     /**
      * Keyboard availability: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keyshidden</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keyshidden</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYSHIDDEN_YES = 0x0002,
     /**
      * Keyboard availability: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keyssoft</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keyssoft</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYSHIDDEN_SOFT = 0x0003,
@@ -210,13 +210,13 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVHIDDEN_ANY = 0x0000,
     /**
      * Navigation availability: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavAvailQualifier">navexposed</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavAvailQualifier">navexposed</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVHIDDEN_NO = 0x0001,
     /**
      * Navigation availability: value corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavAvailQualifier">navhidden</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavAvailQualifier">navhidden</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVHIDDEN_YES = 0x0002,
@@ -226,28 +226,28 @@
     /**
      * Screen size: value indicating the screen is at least
      * approximately 320x426 dp units, corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">small</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">small</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREENSIZE_SMALL = 0x01,
     /**
      * Screen size: value indicating the screen is at least
      * approximately 320x470 dp units, corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">normal</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">normal</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREENSIZE_NORMAL = 0x02,
     /**
      * Screen size: value indicating the screen is at least
      * approximately 480x640 dp units, corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">large</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">large</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREENSIZE_LARGE = 0x03,
     /**
      * Screen size: value indicating the screen is at least
      * approximately 720x960 dp units, corresponding to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">xlarge</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">xlarge</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREENSIZE_XLARGE = 0x04,
@@ -256,13 +256,13 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREENLONG_ANY = 0x00,
     /**
      * Screen layout: value that corresponds to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenAspectQualifier">notlong</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenAspectQualifier">notlong</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREENLONG_NO = 0x1,
     /**
      * Screen layout: value that corresponds to the
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenAspectQualifier">long</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenAspectQualifier">long</a>
      * resource qualifier.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREENLONG_YES = 0x2,
@@ -275,13 +275,13 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_WIDE_COLOR_GAMUT_ANY = 0x00,
     /**
      * Wide color gamut: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#WideColorGamutQualifier">no
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#WideColorGamutQualifier">no
      * nowidecg</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_WIDE_COLOR_GAMUT_NO = 0x1,
     /**
      * Wide color gamut: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#WideColorGamutQualifier">
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#WideColorGamutQualifier">
      * widecg</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_WIDE_COLOR_GAMUT_YES = 0x2,
@@ -290,13 +290,13 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_HDR_ANY = 0x00,
     /**
      * HDR: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#HDRQualifier">
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#HDRQualifier">
      * lowdr</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_HDR_NO = 0x1,
     /**
      * HDR: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#HDRQualifier">
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#HDRQualifier">
      * highdr</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_HDR_YES = 0x2,
@@ -305,38 +305,38 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_ANY = 0x00,
     /**
      * UI mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">no
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">no
      * UI mode type</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_NORMAL = 0x01,
     /**
      * UI mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">desk</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">desk</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_DESK = 0x02,
     /**
      * UI mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">car</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">car</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_CAR = 0x03,
     /**
      * UI mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">television</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">television</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_TELEVISION = 0x04,
     /**
      * UI mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">appliance</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">appliance</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_APPLIANCE = 0x05,
     /**
      * UI mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">watch</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">watch</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH = 0x06,
     /**
      * UI mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">vr</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">vr</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_TYPE_VR_HEADSET = 0x07,
 
@@ -344,12 +344,12 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_NIGHT_ANY = 0x00,
     /**
      * UI night mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NightQualifier">notnight</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NightQualifier">notnight</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_NIGHT_NO = 0x1,
     /**
      * UI night mode: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NightQualifier">night</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NightQualifier">night</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE_NIGHT_YES = 0x2,
 
@@ -366,78 +366,78 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_LAYOUTDIR_ANY  = 0x00,
     /**
      * Layout direction: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LayoutDirectionQualifier">ldltr</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LayoutDirectionQualifier">ldltr</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_LAYOUTDIR_LTR  = 0x01,
     /**
      * Layout direction: value that corresponds to
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LayoutDirectionQualifier">ldrtl</a> resource qualifier specified.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LayoutDirectionQualifier">ldrtl</a> resource qualifier specified.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_LAYOUTDIR_RTL  = 0x02,
 
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#MccQualifier">mcc</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#MccQualifier">mcc</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_MCC = 0x0001,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#MccQualifier">mnc</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#MccQualifier">mnc</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_MNC = 0x0002,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LocaleQualifier">locale</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LocaleQualifier">locale</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_LOCALE = 0x0004,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#TouchscreenQualifier">touchscreen</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#TouchscreenQualifier">touchscreen</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_TOUCHSCREEN = 0x0008,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">keyboard</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ImeQualifier">keyboard</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYBOARD = 0x0010,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keyboardHidden</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#KeyboardAvailQualifier">keyboardHidden</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_KEYBOARD_HIDDEN = 0x0020,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">navigation</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#NavigationQualifier">navigation</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_NAVIGATION = 0x0040,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#OrientationQualifier">orientation</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#OrientationQualifier">orientation</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_ORIENTATION = 0x0080,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">density</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#DensityQualifier">density</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY = 0x0100,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">screen size</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#ScreenSizeQualifier">screen size</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREEN_SIZE = 0x0200,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#VersionQualifier">platform version</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#VersionQualifier">platform version</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_VERSION = 0x0400,
@@ -447,27 +447,27 @@
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREEN_LAYOUT = 0x0800,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">ui mode</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#UiModeQualifier">ui mode</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_UI_MODE = 0x1000,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#SmallestScreenWidthQualifier">smallest screen width</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#SmallestScreenWidthQualifier">smallest screen width</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_SMALLEST_SCREEN_SIZE = 0x2000,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LayoutDirectionQualifier">layout direction</a>
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#LayoutDirectionQualifier">layout direction</a>
      * configuration.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_LAYOUTDIR = 0x4000,
     ACONFIGURATION_SCREEN_ROUND = 0x8000,
     /**
      * Bit mask for
-     * <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#WideColorGamutQualifier">wide color gamut</a>
-     * and <a href="@dacRoot/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#HDRQualifier">HDR</a> configurations.
+     * <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#WideColorGamutQualifier">wide color gamut</a>
+     * and <a href="/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#HDRQualifier">HDR</a> configurations.
      */
     ACONFIGURATION_COLOR_MODE = 0x10000,
     /**
diff --git a/include/android/imagedecoder.h b/include/android/imagedecoder.h
index 3a87da0..d7e6e41 100644
--- a/include/android/imagedecoder.h
+++ b/include/android/imagedecoder.h
@@ -133,6 +133,8 @@
 /**
  * Create a new {@link AImageDecoder} from an {@link AAsset}.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param asset {@link AAsset} containing encoded image data. Client is still
  *              responsible for calling {@link AAsset_close} on it, which may be
  *              done after deleting the returned {@link AImageDecoder}.
@@ -162,6 +164,8 @@
 /**
  * Create a new {@link AImageDecoder} from a file descriptor.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param fd Seekable, readable, open file descriptor for encoded data.
  *           Client is still responsible for closing it, which may be done
  *           after deleting the returned {@link AImageDecoder}.
@@ -190,6 +194,8 @@
 /**
  * Create a new AImageDecoder from a buffer.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param buffer Pointer to encoded data. Must be valid for the entire time
  *               the {@link AImageDecoder} is used.
  * @param length Byte length of buffer.
@@ -217,12 +223,16 @@
 
 /**
  * Delete the AImageDecoder.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 void AImageDecoder_delete(AImageDecoder* decoder) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
  * Choose the desired output format.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param format {@link AndroidBitmapFormat} to use for the output.
  * @return {@link ANDROID_IMAGE_DECODER_SUCCESS} on success or a value
  *         indicating the reason for the failure. On failure, the
@@ -247,6 +257,8 @@
  * Pass true to this method to leave them unpremultiplied. This has no effect on an
  * opaque image.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param unpremultipliedRequired Pass true to leave the pixels unpremultiplied.
  * @return {@link ANDROID_IMAGE_DECODER_SUCCESS} on success or a value
  *         indicating the reason for the failure.
@@ -267,6 +279,8 @@
  * Ignored by {@link ANDROID_BITMAP_FORMAT_A_8}, which does not support
  * an {@link ADataSpace}.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param dataspace The {@link ADataSpace} to decode into. An ADataSpace
  *                  specifies how to interpret the colors. By default,
  *                  AImageDecoder will decode into the ADataSpace specified by
@@ -292,6 +306,8 @@
  * specified by width and height, and the output image will be the size of the
  * crop rect.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param width Width of the output (prior to cropping).
  *              This will affect future calls to
  *              {@link AImageDecoder_getMinimumStride}, which will now return
@@ -319,6 +335,8 @@
  * others. This computes the most efficient target size to use to reach a
  * particular sampleSize.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param sampleSize A subsampling rate of the original image. Must be greater
  *                   than or equal to 1. A sampleSize of 2 means to skip every
  *                   other pixel/line, resulting in a width and height that are
@@ -344,6 +362,8 @@
  * the specified {@link ARect}. Clients will only need to allocate enough memory
  * for the cropped ARect.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param crop Rectangle describing a crop of the decode. It must be contained inside of
  *             the (possibly scaled, by {@link AImageDecoder_setTargetSize})
  *             image dimensions. This will affect future calls to
@@ -376,6 +396,8 @@
  *
  * This is owned by the {@link AImageDecoder} and will be destroyed when the
  * AImageDecoder is destroyed via {@link AImageDecoder_delete}.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 const AImageDecoderHeaderInfo* AImageDecoder_getHeaderInfo(
         const AImageDecoder*) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
@@ -385,6 +407,8 @@
  * pixel width of the output, unless {@link AImageDecoder_setTargetSize} is
  * used to choose a different size or {@link AImageDecoder_setCrop} is used to
  * set a crop rect.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 int32_t AImageDecoderHeaderInfo_getWidth(const AImageDecoderHeaderInfo*) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
@@ -393,12 +417,16 @@
  * pixel height of the output, unless {@link AImageDecoder_setTargetSize} is
  * used to choose a different size or {@link AImageDecoder_setCrop} is used to
  * set a crop rect.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 int32_t AImageDecoderHeaderInfo_getHeight(const AImageDecoderHeaderInfo*) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
  * Report the mimeType of the encoded image.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @return a string literal describing the mime type.
  */
 const char* AImageDecoderHeaderInfo_getMimeType(
@@ -409,6 +437,8 @@
  * by default. {@link AImageDecoder} will try to choose one that is sensible
  * for the image and the system. Note that this does not indicate the
  * encoded format of the image.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 int32_t AImageDecoderHeaderInfo_getAndroidBitmapFormat(
         const AImageDecoderHeaderInfo*) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
@@ -419,6 +449,8 @@
  * {@link ANDROID_BITMAP_FLAGS_ALPHA_OPAQUE}. If the image may contain alpha,
  * this returns {@link ANDROID_BITMAP_FLAGS_ALPHA_PREMUL}, because
  * {@link AImageDecoder_decodeImage} will premultiply pixels by default.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 int AImageDecoderHeaderInfo_getAlphaFlags(
         const AImageDecoderHeaderInfo*) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
@@ -429,6 +461,8 @@
  * By default, {@link AImageDecoder_decodeImage} will not do any color
  * conversion.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @return The {@link ADataSpace} representing the way the colors
  *         are encoded (or {@link ADATASPACE_UNKNOWN} if there is not a
  *         corresponding ADataSpace). This specifies how to interpret the colors
@@ -452,12 +486,16 @@
  *
  * If the output is scaled (via {@link AImageDecoder_setTargetSize}) and/or
  * cropped (via {@link AImageDecoder_setCrop}), this takes those into account.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 30.
  */
 size_t AImageDecoder_getMinimumStride(AImageDecoder*) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
  * Decode the image into pixels, using the settings of the {@link AImageDecoder}.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param decoder Opaque object representing the decoder.
  * @param pixels On success, will be filled with the result
  *               of the decode. Must be large enough to hold |size| bytes.
diff --git a/include/android/input.h b/include/android/input.h
index dbfd61e..7c39234 100644
--- a/include/android/input.h
+++ b/include/android/input.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <android/keycodes.h>
 #include <android/looper.h>
+#include <jni.h>
 
 #if !defined(__INTRODUCED_IN)
 #define __INTRODUCED_IN(__api_level) /* nothing */
@@ -931,6 +932,15 @@
 /** Get the input event source. */
 int32_t AInputEvent_getSource(const AInputEvent* event);
 
+/**
+ * Releases interface objects created by {@link AKeyEvent_fromJava()}
+ * and {@link AMotionEvent_fromJava()}.
+ * After returning, the specified AInputEvent* object becomes invalid and should no longer be used.
+ * The underlying Java object remains valid and does not change its state.
+ */
+
+void AInputEvent_release(const AInputEvent* event);
+
 /*** Accessors for key events only. ***/
 
 /** Get the key event action. */
@@ -977,6 +987,15 @@
  */
 int64_t AKeyEvent_getEventTime(const AInputEvent* key_event);
 
+/**
+ * Creates a native AInputEvent* object associated with the specified Java android.view.KeyEvent.
+ * The result may be used with generic and KeyEvent-specific AInputEvent_* functions.
+ * The object returned by this function must be disposed using {@link AInputEvent_release()}.
+ * User must guarantee that lifetime for object referenced by keyEvent is prolongated
+ * up to release of returned AInputEvent*.
+ */
+const AInputEvent* AKeyEvent_fromJava(JNIEnv* env, jobject keyEvent);
+
 /*** Accessors for motion events only. ***/
 
 /** Get the combined motion event action code and pointer index. */
@@ -1292,6 +1311,14 @@
 float AMotionEvent_getHistoricalAxisValue(const AInputEvent* motion_event,
         int32_t axis, size_t pointer_index, size_t history_index);
 
+/**
+ * Creates a native AInputEvent* object associated with the specified Java android.view.MotionEvent.
+ * The result may be used with generic and MotionEvent-specific AInputEvent_* functions.
+ * The object returned by this function must be disposed using {@link AInputEvent_release()}.
+ * User must guarantee that object referenced by motionEvent won't be recycled and
+ * its lifetime is prolongated up to release of returned AInputEvent*.
+ */
+const AInputEvent* AMotionEvent_fromJava(JNIEnv* env, jobject motionEvent);
 
 struct AInputQueue;
 /**
diff --git a/include/android/multinetwork.h b/include/android/multinetwork.h
index 59b1deb..c6d1c94 100644
--- a/include/android/multinetwork.h
+++ b/include/android/multinetwork.h
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@
     ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_RETRY = 1 << 0,
 
     /**
-     * Do not cache the result of the lookup. The lookup may return a result that is already
-     * in the cache, unless the ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP flag is also specified.
+     * Don't lookup this request in the cache, and don't cache the result of the lookup.
+     * This flag implies {@link #ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP}.
      */
     ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_STORE = 1 << 1,
 
diff --git a/include/android/thermal.h b/include/android/thermal.h
index 3247fa1..83582d6 100644
--- a/include/android/thermal.h
+++ b/include/android/thermal.h
@@ -60,8 +60,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 30
-
 enum AThermalStatus {
     /** Error in thermal status. */
     ATHERMAL_STATUS_ERROR = -1,
@@ -111,36 +109,45 @@
  */
 typedef void (*AThermal_StatusCallback)(void *data, AThermalStatus status);
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 30
+
 /**
   * Acquire an instance of the thermal manager. This must be freed using
   * {@link AThermal_releaseManager}.
   *
+  * Available since API level 30.
+  *
   * @return manager instance on success, nullptr on failure.
- */
-AThermalManager* AThermal_acquireManager();
+  */
+AThermalManager* AThermal_acquireManager() __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
  * Release the thermal manager pointer acquired via
  * {@link AThermal_acquireManager}.
  *
- * @param manager The manager to be released.
+ * Available since API level 30.
  *
+ * @param manager The manager to be released.
  */
-void AThermal_releaseManager(AThermalManager *manager);
+void AThermal_releaseManager(AThermalManager *manager) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
   * Gets the current thermal status.
   *
+  * Available since API level 30.
+  *
   * @param manager The manager instance to use to query the thermal status.
   * Acquired via {@link AThermal_acquireManager}.
   *
   * @return current thermal status, ATHERMAL_STATUS_ERROR on failure.
-*/
-AThermalStatus AThermal_getCurrentThermalStatus(AThermalManager *manager);
+  */
+AThermalStatus AThermal_getCurrentThermalStatus(AThermalManager *manager) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
  * Register the thermal status listener for thermal status change.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param manager The manager instance to use to register.
  * Acquired via {@link AThermal_acquireManager}.
  * @param callback The callback function to be called when thermal status updated.
@@ -152,11 +159,13 @@
  *         EPIPE if communication with the system service has failed.
  */
 int AThermal_registerThermalStatusListener(AThermalManager *manager,
-        AThermal_StatusCallback callback, void *data);
+        AThermal_StatusCallback callback, void *data) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 /**
  * Unregister the thermal status listener previously resgistered.
  *
+ * Available since API level 30.
+ *
  * @param manager The manager instance to use to unregister.
  * Acquired via {@link AThermal_acquireManager}.
  * @param callback The callback function to be called when thermal status updated.
@@ -168,8 +177,7 @@
  *         EPIPE if communication with the system service has failed.
  */
 int AThermal_unregisterThermalStatusListener(AThermalManager *manager,
-        AThermal_StatusCallback callback, void *data);
-
+        AThermal_StatusCallback callback, void *data) __INTRODUCED_IN(30);
 
 #endif  //  __ANDROID_API__ >= 30
 
diff --git a/include/android/trace.h b/include/android/trace.h
index d59690a..dbad6f6 100644
--- a/include/android/trace.h
+++ b/include/android/trace.h
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 #endif /* __ANDROID_API__ >= 29 */
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
-};
+}
 #endif
 
 #endif // ANDROID_NATIVE_TRACE_H
diff --git a/include/input/Input.h b/include/input/Input.h
index 9e47318..ac901ae 100644
--- a/include/input/Input.h
+++ b/include/input/Input.h
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@
 public:
     // Used to divide integer space to ensure no conflict among these sources./
     enum class Source : int32_t {
-        INPUT_READER = 0x0 << SOURCE_SHIFT,
-        INPUT_DISPATCHER = 0x1 << SOURCE_SHIFT,
-        OTHER = 0x3 << SOURCE_SHIFT, // E.g. app injected events
+        INPUT_READER = static_cast<int32_t>(0x0u << SOURCE_SHIFT),
+        INPUT_DISPATCHER = static_cast<int32_t>(0x1u << SOURCE_SHIFT),
+        OTHER = static_cast<int32_t>(0x3u << SOURCE_SHIFT), // E.g. app injected events
     };
     IdGenerator(Source source);
 
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
 private:
     const Source mSource;
 
-    static constexpr int32_t SOURCE_MASK = 0x3 << SOURCE_SHIFT;
+    static constexpr int32_t SOURCE_MASK = static_cast<int32_t>(0x3u << SOURCE_SHIFT);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -462,6 +462,8 @@
                     nsecs_t eventTime);
     void initialize(const KeyEvent& from);
 
+    static const char* actionToString(int32_t action);
+
 protected:
     int32_t mAction;
     int32_t mFlags;
@@ -725,6 +727,8 @@
     static const char* getLabel(int32_t axis);
     static int32_t getAxisFromLabel(const char* label);
 
+    static const char* actionToString(int32_t action);
+
 protected:
     int32_t mAction;
     int32_t mActionButton;
diff --git a/include/input/InputWindow.h b/include/input/InputWindow.h
index 2dac5b6..6740855 100644
--- a/include/input/InputWindow.h
+++ b/include/input/InputWindow.h
@@ -37,23 +37,23 @@
     InputWindowInfo(const Parcel& from);
 
     // Window flags from WindowManager.LayoutParams
-    enum {
-        FLAG_ALLOW_LOCK_WHILE_SCREEN_ON     = 0x00000001,
-        FLAG_DIM_BEHIND        = 0x00000002,
-        FLAG_BLUR_BEHIND        = 0x00000004,
-        FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE      = 0x00000008,
-        FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE      = 0x00000010,
-        FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL    = 0x00000020,
+    enum : uint32_t {
+        FLAG_ALLOW_LOCK_WHILE_SCREEN_ON = 0x00000001,
+        FLAG_DIM_BEHIND = 0x00000002,
+        FLAG_BLUR_BEHIND = 0x00000004,
+        FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE = 0x00000008,
+        FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE = 0x00000010,
+        FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL = 0x00000020,
         FLAG_TOUCHABLE_WHEN_WAKING = 0x00000040,
-        FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON     = 0x00000080,
-        FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN   = 0x00000100,
-        FLAG_LAYOUT_NO_LIMITS   = 0x00000200,
-        FLAG_FULLSCREEN      = 0x00000400,
-        FLAG_FORCE_NOT_FULLSCREEN   = 0x00000800,
-        FLAG_DITHER             = 0x00001000,
-        FLAG_SECURE             = 0x00002000,
-        FLAG_SCALED             = 0x00004000,
-        FLAG_IGNORE_CHEEK_PRESSES    = 0x00008000,
+        FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON = 0x00000080,
+        FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN = 0x00000100,
+        FLAG_LAYOUT_NO_LIMITS = 0x00000200,
+        FLAG_FULLSCREEN = 0x00000400,
+        FLAG_FORCE_NOT_FULLSCREEN = 0x00000800,
+        FLAG_DITHER = 0x00001000,
+        FLAG_SECURE = 0x00002000,
+        FLAG_SCALED = 0x00004000,
+        FLAG_IGNORE_CHEEK_PRESSES = 0x00008000,
         FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR = 0x00010000,
         FLAG_ALT_FOCUSABLE_IM = 0x00020000,
         FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH = 0x00040000,
@@ -62,7 +62,14 @@
         FLAG_TURN_SCREEN_ON = 0x00200000,
         FLAG_DISMISS_KEYGUARD = 0x00400000,
         FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH = 0x00800000,
+        FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED = 0x01000000,
+        FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_OVERSCAN = 0x02000000,
+        FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS = 0x04000000,
+        FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION = 0x08000000,
+        FLAG_LOCAL_FOCUS_MODE = 0x10000000,
         FLAG_SLIPPERY = 0x20000000,
+        FLAG_LAYOUT_ATTACHED_IN_DECOR = 0x40000000,
+        FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS = 0x80000000,
     };
 
     // Window types from WindowManager.LayoutParams
@@ -107,8 +114,8 @@
         TYPE_MAGNIFICATION_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 27,
         TYPE_ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 32,
         TYPE_DOCK_DIVIDER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 34,
+        TYPE_ACCESSIBILITY_MAGNIFICATION_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 39,
         TYPE_NOTIFICATION_SHADE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 40,
-        TYPE_TRUSTED_APPLICATION_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW + 42,
         LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = 2999,
     };
 
@@ -163,6 +170,12 @@
     bool hasFocus = false;
     bool hasWallpaper = false;
     bool paused = false;
+    /* This flag is set when the window is of a trusted type that is allowed to silently
+     * overlay other windows for the purpose of implementing the secure views feature.
+     * Trusted overlays, such as IME windows, can partly obscure other windows without causing
+     * motion events to be delivered to them with AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED.
+     */
+    bool trustedOverlay = false;
     int32_t ownerPid = -1;
     int32_t ownerUid = -1;
     int32_t inputFeatures = 0;
@@ -175,23 +188,19 @@
     void addTouchableRegion(const Rect& region);
 
     bool touchableRegionContainsPoint(int32_t x, int32_t y) const;
-    bool frameContainsPoint(int32_t x, int32_t y) const;
 
-    /* Returns true if the window is of a trusted type that is allowed to silently
-     * overlay other windows for the purpose of implementing the secure views feature.
-     * Trusted overlays, such as IME windows, can partly obscure other windows without causing
-     * motion events to be delivered to them with AMOTION_EVENT_FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED.
-     */
-    bool isTrustedOverlay() const;
+    bool frameContainsPoint(int32_t x, int32_t y) const;
 
     bool supportsSplitTouch() const;
 
     bool overlaps(const InputWindowInfo* other) const;
 
     status_t write(Parcel& output) const;
+
     static InputWindowInfo read(const Parcel& from);
 };
 
+std::string inputWindowFlagsToString(uint32_t flags);
 
 /*
  * Handle for a window that can receive input.
diff --git a/include/input/VelocityTracker.h b/include/input/VelocityTracker.h
index 727865a..ee010a3 100644
--- a/include/input/VelocityTracker.h
+++ b/include/input/VelocityTracker.h
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #define _LIBINPUT_VELOCITY_TRACKER_H
 
 #include <input/Input.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <utils/BitSet.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -30,6 +30,22 @@
  */
 class VelocityTracker {
 public:
+    enum class Strategy : int32_t {
+        DEFAULT = -1,
+        MIN = 0,
+        IMPULSE = 0,
+        LSQ1 = 1,
+        LSQ2 = 2,
+        LSQ3 = 3,
+        WLSQ2_DELTA = 4,
+        WLSQ2_CENTRAL = 5,
+        WLSQ2_RECENT = 6,
+        INT1 = 7,
+        INT2 = 8,
+        LEGACY = 9,
+        MAX = LEGACY,
+    };
+
     struct Position {
         float x, y;
     };
@@ -62,8 +78,8 @@
     };
 
     // Creates a velocity tracker using the specified strategy.
-    // If strategy is NULL, uses the default strategy for the platform.
-    VelocityTracker(const char* strategy = nullptr);
+    // If strategy is not provided, uses the default strategy for the platform.
+    VelocityTracker(const Strategy strategy = Strategy::DEFAULT);
 
     ~VelocityTracker();
 
@@ -102,16 +118,21 @@
     inline BitSet32 getCurrentPointerIdBits() const { return mCurrentPointerIdBits; }
 
 private:
-    static const char* DEFAULT_STRATEGY;
+    // The default velocity tracker strategy.
+    // Although other strategies are available for testing and comparison purposes,
+    // this is the strategy that applications will actually use.  Be very careful
+    // when adjusting the default strategy because it can dramatically affect
+    // (often in a bad way) the user experience.
+    static const Strategy DEFAULT_STRATEGY = Strategy::LSQ2;
 
     nsecs_t mLastEventTime;
     BitSet32 mCurrentPointerIdBits;
     int32_t mActivePointerId;
-    VelocityTrackerStrategy* mStrategy;
+    std::unique_ptr<VelocityTrackerStrategy> mStrategy;
 
-    bool configureStrategy(const char* strategy);
+    bool configureStrategy(const Strategy strategy);
 
-    static VelocityTrackerStrategy* createStrategy(const char* strategy);
+    static std::unique_ptr<VelocityTrackerStrategy> createStrategy(const Strategy strategy);
 };
 
 
diff --git a/include/powermanager/IPowerManager.h b/include/powermanager/IPowerManager.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 853f0c9..0000000
--- a/include/powermanager/IPowerManager.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_IPOWERMANAGER_H
-#define ANDROID_IPOWERMANAGER_H
-
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <hardware/power.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-class IPowerManager : public IInterface
-{
-public:
-    // These transaction IDs must be kept in sync with the method order from
-    // IPowerManager.aidl.
-    enum {
-        ACQUIRE_WAKE_LOCK            = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
-        ACQUIRE_WAKE_LOCK_UID        = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1,
-        RELEASE_WAKE_LOCK            = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2,
-        UPDATE_WAKE_LOCK_UIDS        = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3,
-        POWER_HINT                   = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 4,
-        UPDATE_WAKE_LOCK_SOURCE      = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 5,
-        IS_WAKE_LOCK_LEVEL_SUPPORTED = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 6,
-        USER_ACTIVITY                = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 7,
-        WAKE_UP                      = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 8,
-        GO_TO_SLEEP                  = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 9,
-        NAP                          = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 10,
-        IS_INTERACTIVE               = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 11,
-        IS_POWER_SAVE_MODE           = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 12,
-        GET_POWER_SAVE_STATE         = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 13,
-        SET_POWER_SAVE_MODE_ENABLED  = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 14,
-        REBOOT                       = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 17,
-        REBOOT_SAFE_MODE             = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 18,
-        SHUTDOWN                     = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 19,
-        CRASH                        = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 20,
-    };
-
-    DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(PowerManager)
-
-    // The parcels created by these methods must be kept in sync with the
-    // corresponding methods from IPowerManager.aidl.
-    // FIXME remove the bool isOneWay parameters as they are not oneway in the .aidl
-    virtual status_t acquireWakeLock(int flags, const sp<IBinder>& lock, const String16& tag,
-            const String16& packageName, bool isOneWay = false) = 0;
-    virtual status_t acquireWakeLockWithUid(int flags, const sp<IBinder>& lock, const String16& tag,
-            const String16& packageName, int uid, bool isOneWay = false) = 0;
-    virtual status_t releaseWakeLock(const sp<IBinder>& lock, int flags, bool isOneWay = false) = 0;
-    virtual status_t updateWakeLockUids(const sp<IBinder>& lock, int len, const int *uids,
-            bool isOneWay = false) = 0;
-    virtual status_t powerHint(int hintId, int data) = 0;
-    virtual status_t goToSleep(int64_t event_time_ms, int reason, int flags) = 0;
-    virtual status_t reboot(bool confirm, const String16& reason, bool wait) = 0;
-    virtual status_t shutdown(bool confirm, const String16& reason, bool wait) = 0;
-    virtual status_t crash(const String16& message) = 0;
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-}; // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_IPOWERMANAGER_H
diff --git a/include/powermanager/PowerHalController.h b/include/powermanager/PowerHalController.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd34c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/powermanager/PowerHalController.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_POWERHALCONTROLLER_H
+#define ANDROID_POWERHALCONTROLLER_H
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace power {
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Connects to underlying Power HAL handles.
+class HalConnector {
+public:
+    HalConnector() = default;
+    virtual ~HalConnector() = default;
+
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> connect();
+    virtual void reset();
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Controller for Power HAL handle.
+// This relies on HalConnector to connect to the underlying Power HAL
+// service and reconnects to it after each failed api call. This also ensures
+// connecting to the service is thread-safe.
+class PowerHalController : public HalWrapper {
+public:
+    PowerHalController() : PowerHalController(std::make_unique<HalConnector>()) {}
+    explicit PowerHalController(std::unique_ptr<HalConnector> connector)
+          : mHalConnector(std::move(connector)) {}
+    virtual ~PowerHalController() = default;
+
+    void init();
+
+    virtual HalResult setBoost(hardware::power::Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) override;
+    virtual HalResult setMode(hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) override;
+
+private:
+    std::mutex mConnectedHalMutex;
+    std::unique_ptr<HalConnector> mHalConnector;
+
+    // Shared pointers to keep global pointer and allow local copies to be used in
+    // different threads
+    std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> mConnectedHal GUARDED_BY(mConnectedHalMutex) = nullptr;
+    const std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> mDefaultHal = std::make_shared<EmptyHalWrapper>();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> initHal();
+    HalResult processHalResult(HalResult result, const char* functionName);
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+}; // namespace power
+
+}; // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_POWERHALCONTROLLER_H
diff --git a/include/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h b/include/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed6f6f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_POWERHALLOADER_H
+#define ANDROID_POWERHALLOADER_H
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/1.1/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace power {
+
+// Loads available Power HAL services.
+class PowerHalLoader {
+public:
+    static void unloadAll();
+    static sp<hardware::power::IPower> loadAidl();
+    static sp<hardware::power::V1_0::IPower> loadHidlV1_0();
+    static sp<hardware::power::V1_1::IPower> loadHidlV1_1();
+
+private:
+    static std::mutex gHalMutex;
+    static sp<hardware::power::IPower> gHalAidl GUARDED_BY(gHalMutex);
+    static sp<hardware::power::V1_0::IPower> gHalHidlV1_0 GUARDED_BY(gHalMutex);
+    static sp<hardware::power::V1_1::IPower> gHalHidlV1_1 GUARDED_BY(gHalMutex);
+
+    static sp<hardware::power::V1_0::IPower> loadHidlV1_0Locked()
+            EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(gHalMutex);
+
+    PowerHalLoader() = delete;
+    ~PowerHalLoader() = delete;
+};
+
+}; // namespace power
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_POWERHALLOADER_H
diff --git a/include/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h b/include/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3e7601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_POWERHALWRAPPER_H
+#define ANDROID_POWERHALWRAPPER_H
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/1.1/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace power {
+
+// State of Power HAL support for individual apis.
+enum class HalSupport {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    ON = 1,
+    OFF = 2,
+};
+
+// State of the Power HAL api call result.
+enum class HalResult {
+    SUCCESSFUL = 0,
+    FAILED = 1,
+    UNSUPPORTED = 2,
+};
+
+// Wrapper for Power HAL handlers.
+class HalWrapper {
+public:
+    virtual ~HalWrapper() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult setBoost(hardware::power::Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) = 0;
+    virtual HalResult setMode(hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) = 0;
+};
+
+// Empty Power HAL wrapper that ignores all api calls.
+class EmptyHalWrapper : public HalWrapper {
+public:
+    EmptyHalWrapper() = default;
+    ~EmptyHalWrapper() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult setBoost(hardware::power::Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) override;
+    virtual HalResult setMode(hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) override;
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the HIDL Power HAL v1.0.
+class HidlHalWrapperV1_0 : public HalWrapper {
+public:
+    explicit HidlHalWrapperV1_0(sp<hardware::power::V1_0::IPower> Hal)
+          : mHandleV1_0(std::move(Hal)) {}
+    virtual ~HidlHalWrapperV1_0() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult setBoost(hardware::power::Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) override;
+    virtual HalResult setMode(hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) override;
+
+protected:
+    virtual HalResult sendPowerHint(hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint hintId, uint32_t data);
+
+private:
+    sp<hardware::power::V1_0::IPower> mHandleV1_0;
+    HalResult setInteractive(bool enabled);
+    HalResult setFeature(hardware::power::V1_0::Feature feature, bool enabled);
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the HIDL Power HAL v1.1.
+class HidlHalWrapperV1_1 : public HidlHalWrapperV1_0 {
+public:
+    HidlHalWrapperV1_1(sp<hardware::power::V1_0::IPower> handleV1_0,
+                       sp<hardware::power::V1_1::IPower> handleV1_1)
+          : HidlHalWrapperV1_0(std::move(handleV1_0)), mHandleV1_1(std::move(handleV1_1)) {}
+    virtual ~HidlHalWrapperV1_1() = default;
+
+protected:
+    virtual HalResult sendPowerHint(hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint hintId,
+                                    uint32_t data) override;
+
+private:
+    sp<hardware::power::V1_1::IPower> mHandleV1_1;
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the AIDL Power HAL.
+class AidlHalWrapper : public HalWrapper {
+public:
+    explicit AidlHalWrapper(sp<hardware::power::IPower> handle) : mHandle(std::move(handle)) {}
+    virtual ~AidlHalWrapper() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult setBoost(hardware::power::Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) override;
+    virtual HalResult setMode(hardware::power::Mode mode, bool enabled) override;
+
+private:
+    // Control access to the boost and mode supported arrays.
+    std::mutex mBoostMutex;
+    std::mutex mModeMutex;
+    sp<hardware::power::IPower> mHandle;
+    // Android framework only sends boost upto DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT.
+    // Need to increase the array size if more boost supported.
+    std::array<std::atomic<HalSupport>,
+               static_cast<int32_t>(hardware::power::Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT) + 1>
+            mBoostSupportedArray GUARDED_BY(mBoostMutex) = {HalSupport::UNKNOWN};
+    // Android framework only sends mode upto DISPLAY_INACTIVE.
+    // Need to increase the array if more mode supported.
+    std::array<std::atomic<HalSupport>,
+               static_cast<int32_t>(hardware::power::Mode::DISPLAY_INACTIVE) + 1>
+            mModeSupportedArray GUARDED_BY(mModeMutex) = {HalSupport::UNKNOWN};
+};
+
+}; // namespace power
+
+}; // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_POWERHALWRAPPER_H
diff --git a/libs/arect/Android.bp b/libs/arect/Android.bp
index f66673f..258a4e3 100644
--- a/libs/arect/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/arect/Android.bp
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
     name: "libarect",
     host_supported: true,
     vendor_available: true,
+    // TODO(b/153609531): remove when no longer needed.
+    native_bridge_supported: true,
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     target: {
         windows: {
diff --git a/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp b/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp
index 5e4c98f..d005058 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ActivityManager.cpp
@@ -98,6 +98,15 @@
     return PROCESS_STATE_UNKNOWN;
 }
 
+bool ActivityManager::setSchedPolicyCgroup(const int32_t tid, const int32_t group)
+{
+    sp<IActivityManager> service = getService();
+    if (service != nullptr) {
+        return service->setSchedPolicyCgroup(tid, group);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 status_t ActivityManager::linkToDeath(const sp<IBinder::DeathRecipient>& recipient) {
     sp<IActivityManager> service = getService();
     if (service != nullptr) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp b/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp
index 2174ce2..1c6b491 100644
--- a/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/AppOpsManager.cpp
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@
 }
 
 int32_t AppOpsManager::noteOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage) {
-    return noteOp(op, uid, callingPackage, std::unique_ptr<String16>(),
+    return noteOp(op, uid, callingPackage, {},
             String16("Legacy AppOpsManager.noteOp call"));
 }
 
 int32_t AppOpsManager::noteOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
-        const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag, const String16& message) {
+        const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag, const String16& message) {
     sp<IAppOpsService> service = getService();
     int32_t mode = service != nullptr
             ? service->noteOperation(op, uid, callingPackage, attributionTag,
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@
 
 int32_t AppOpsManager::startOpNoThrow(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
         bool startIfModeDefault) {
-    return startOpNoThrow(op, uid, callingPackage, startIfModeDefault, std::unique_ptr<String16>(),
+    return startOpNoThrow(op, uid, callingPackage, startIfModeDefault, {},
             String16("Legacy AppOpsManager.startOpNoThrow call"));
 }
 
 int32_t AppOpsManager::startOpNoThrow(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
-        bool startIfModeDefault, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag,
+        bool startIfModeDefault, const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag,
         const String16& message) {
     sp<IAppOpsService> service = getService();
     int32_t mode = service != nullptr
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@
 }
 
 void AppOpsManager::finishOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage) {
-    finishOp(op, uid, callingPackage, std::unique_ptr<String16>());
+    finishOp(op, uid, callingPackage, {});
 }
 
 void AppOpsManager::finishOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
-        const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag) {
+        const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag) {
     sp<IAppOpsService> service = getService();
     if (service != nullptr) {
         service->finishOperation(getClientId(), op, uid, callingPackage, attributionTag);
diff --git a/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp b/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp
index 1eb5363..a3021122 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IActivityManager.cpp
@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@
         }
         return reply.readInt32();
     }
+
+    virtual bool setSchedPolicyCgroup(const int32_t tid, const int32_t group)
+    {
+         Parcel data, reply;
+         data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+         data.writeInt32(tid);
+         data.writeInt32(group);
+         remote()->transact(SET_SCHED_POLICY_CGROUP_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
+         if (reply.readExceptionCode() != 0) return false;
+         return reply.readBool();
+    }
 };
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp b/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp
index 0714723..cd78866 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IAppOpsService.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 
+#include <optional>
+
 namespace android {
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
     }
 
     virtual int32_t noteOperation(int32_t code, int32_t uid, const String16& packageName,
-                const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp,
+                const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp,
                 const String16& message) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IAppOpsService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@
     }
 
     virtual int32_t startOperation(const sp<IBinder>& token, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
-                const String16& packageName, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag,
+                const String16& packageName, const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag,
                 bool startIfModeDefault, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp, const String16& message) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IAppOpsService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@
     }
 
     virtual void finishOperation(const sp<IBinder>& token, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
-            const String16& packageName, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag) {
+            const String16& packageName, const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IAppOpsService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
         data.writeStrongBinder(token);
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@
             int32_t code = data.readInt32();
             int32_t uid = data.readInt32();
             String16 packageName = data.readString16();
-            std::unique_ptr<String16> attributionTag;
+            std::optional<String16> attributionTag;
             data.readString16(&attributionTag);
             bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp = data.readInt32() == 1;
             String16 message = data.readString16();
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@
             int32_t code = data.readInt32();
             int32_t uid = data.readInt32();
             String16 packageName = data.readString16();
-            std::unique_ptr<String16> attributionTag;
+            std::optional<String16> attributionTag;
             data.readString16(&attributionTag);
             bool startIfModeDefault = data.readInt32() == 1;
             bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp = data.readInt32() == 1;
@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@
             int32_t code = data.readInt32();
             int32_t uid = data.readInt32();
             String16 packageName = data.readString16();
-            std::unique_ptr<String16> attributionTag;
+            std::optional<String16> attributionTag;
             data.readString16(&attributionTag);
             finishOperation(token, code, uid, packageName, attributionTag);
             reply->writeNoException();
diff --git a/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp b/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp
index c2bb811..d8b44f9 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IMemory.cpp
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
     explicit BpMemoryHeap(const sp<IBinder>& impl);
     virtual ~BpMemoryHeap();
 
-    virtual int getHeapID() const;
-    virtual void* getBase() const;
-    virtual size_t getSize() const;
-    virtual uint32_t getFlags() const;
+    int getHeapID() const override;
+    void* getBase() const override;
+    size_t getSize() const override;
+    uint32_t getFlags() const override;
     off_t getOffset() const override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp b/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
index a9f2d73..05f43e3 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
@@ -206,6 +206,10 @@
  : mTheRealServiceManager(impl)
 {}
 
+// This implementation could be simplified and made more efficient by delegating
+// to waitForService. However, this changes the threading structure in some
+// cases and could potentially break prebuilts. Once we have higher logistical
+// complexity, this could be attempted.
 sp<IBinder> ServiceManagerShim::getService(const String16& name) const
 {
     static bool gSystemBootCompleted = false;
diff --git a/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp b/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp
index 6f49aa1..325e204 100644
--- a/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/LazyServiceRegistrar.cpp
@@ -45,25 +45,31 @@
     Status onClients(const sp<IBinder>& service, bool clients) override;
 
 private:
+    struct Service {
+        sp<IBinder> service;
+        bool allowIsolated;
+        int dumpFlags;
+
+        // whether, based on onClients calls, we know we have a client for this
+        // service or not
+        bool clients = false;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Looks up a service guaranteed to be registered (service from onClients).
+     */
+    std::map<std::string, Service>::iterator assertRegisteredService(const sp<IBinder>& service);
+
     /**
      * Unregisters all services that we can. If we can't unregister all, re-register other
      * services.
      */
     void tryShutdown();
 
-    /**
-     * Counter of the number of services that currently have at least one client.
-     */
+    // count of services with clients
     size_t mNumConnectedServices;
 
-    struct Service {
-        sp<IBinder> service;
-        bool allowIsolated;
-        int dumpFlags;
-    };
-    /**
-     * Map of registered names and services
-     */
+    // map of registered names and services
     std::map<std::string, Service> mRegisteredServices;
 
     bool mForcePersist;
@@ -89,12 +95,28 @@
         }
 
         // Only add this when a service is added for the first time, as it is not removed
-        mRegisteredServices[name] = {service, allowIsolated, dumpFlags};
+        mRegisteredServices[name] = {
+              .service = service,
+              .allowIsolated = allowIsolated,
+              .dumpFlags = dumpFlags
+        };
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
+std::map<std::string, ClientCounterCallback::Service>::iterator ClientCounterCallback::assertRegisteredService(const sp<IBinder>& service) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(service == nullptr, "Got onClients callback for null service");
+    for (auto it = mRegisteredServices.begin(); it != mRegisteredServices.end(); ++it) {
+        auto const& [name, registered] = *it;
+        (void) name;
+        if (registered.service != service) continue;
+        return it;
+    }
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Got callback on service which we did not register: %s", String8(service->getInterfaceDescriptor()).c_str());
+    __builtin_unreachable();
+}
+
 void ClientCounterCallback::forcePersist(bool persist) {
     mForcePersist = persist;
     if(!mForcePersist) {
@@ -108,15 +130,25 @@
  * invocations could occur on different threads however.
  */
 Status ClientCounterCallback::onClients(const sp<IBinder>& service, bool clients) {
-    if (clients) {
-        mNumConnectedServices++;
-    } else {
-        mNumConnectedServices--;
+    auto & [name, registered] = *assertRegisteredService(service);
+    if (registered.clients == clients) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Process already thought %s had clients: %d but servicemanager has "
+                         "notified has clients: %d", name.c_str(), registered.clients, clients);
+    }
+    registered.clients = clients;
+
+    // update cache count of clients
+    {
+         size_t numWithClients = 0;
+         for (const auto& [name, registered] : mRegisteredServices) {
+             (void) name;
+             if (registered.clients) numWithClients++;
+         }
+         mNumConnectedServices = numWithClients;
     }
 
     ALOGI("Process has %zu (of %zu available) client(s) in use after notification %s has clients: %d",
-          mNumConnectedServices, mRegisteredServices.size(),
-          String8(service->getInterfaceDescriptor()).string(), clients);
+          mNumConnectedServices, mRegisteredServices.size(), name.c_str(), clients);
 
     tryShutdown();
     return Status::ok();
@@ -192,4 +224,4 @@
 }
 
 }  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
index 9642a87..166c1d8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp
@@ -751,6 +751,13 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::optional<std::string>& str) {
+  if (!str) {
+    return writeInt32(-1);
+  }
+  return writeUtf8AsUtf16(*str);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& str) {
   if (!str) {
     return writeInt32(-1);
@@ -775,6 +782,12 @@
     return writeByteVectorInternal(val.data(), val.size());
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>& val)
+{
+    if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
+    return writeByteVectorInternal(val->data(), val->size());
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int8_t>>& val)
 {
     if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
@@ -785,6 +798,12 @@
     return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val.data()), val.size());
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& val)
+{
+    if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
+    return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val->data()), val->size());
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeByteVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>& val)
 {
     if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
@@ -796,6 +815,11 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt32);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeInt32Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt32);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeInt32Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int32_t>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt32);
@@ -806,6 +830,11 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt64);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeInt64Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt64);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeInt64Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int64_t>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeInt64);
@@ -816,6 +845,11 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUint64);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeUint64Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<uint64_t>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUint64);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeUint64Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUint64);
@@ -826,6 +860,11 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeFloat);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeFloatVector(const std::optional<std::vector<float>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeFloat);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeFloatVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<float>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeFloat);
@@ -836,6 +875,11 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeDouble);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeDoubleVector(const std::optional<std::vector<double>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeDouble);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeDoubleVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<double>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeDouble);
@@ -846,6 +890,11 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeBool);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeBoolVector(const std::optional<std::vector<bool>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeBool);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeBoolVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<bool>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeBool);
@@ -856,6 +905,11 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeChar);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeCharVector(const std::optional<std::vector<char16_t>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeChar);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeCharVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<char16_t>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeChar);
@@ -867,12 +921,23 @@
 }
 
 status_t Parcel::writeString16Vector(
+        const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeString16);
+}
+
+status_t Parcel::writeString16Vector(
         const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<String16>>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeString16);
 }
 
 status_t Parcel::writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(
+                        const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>& val) {
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16);
+}
+
+status_t Parcel::writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(
                         const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>& val) {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUtf8AsUtf16);
 }
@@ -1007,6 +1072,15 @@
     return err;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeString16(const std::optional<String16>& str)
+{
+    if (!str) {
+        return writeInt32(-1);
+    }
+
+    return writeString16(*str);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeString16(const std::unique_ptr<String16>& str)
 {
     if (!str) {
@@ -1049,11 +1123,20 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeStrongBinder);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinderVector(const std::optional<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>& val)
+{
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeStrongBinder);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinderVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>& val)
 {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeStrongBinder);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readStrongBinderVector(std::optional<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readNullableStrongBinder);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readStrongBinderVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readNullableStrongBinder);
 }
@@ -1152,6 +1235,10 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptor);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(const std::optional<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>& val) {
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptor);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>& val) {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeUniqueFileDescriptor);
 }
@@ -1485,6 +1572,17 @@
     return readByteVectorInternal(val, size);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>* val) const {
+    size_t size;
+    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
+    if (!*val) {
+        // reserveOutVector does not create the out vector if size is < 0.
+        // This occurs when writing a null byte vector.
+        return OK;
+    }
+    return readByteVectorInternal(&**val, size);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int8_t>>* val) const {
     size_t size;
     if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
@@ -1496,6 +1594,17 @@
     return readByteVectorInternal(val->get(), size);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* val) const {
+    size_t size;
+    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
+    if (!*val) {
+        // reserveOutVector does not create the out vector if size is < 0.
+        // This occurs when writing a null byte vector.
+        return OK;
+    }
+    return readByteVectorInternal(&**val, size);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readByteVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>* val) const {
     size_t size;
     if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
@@ -1507,6 +1616,10 @@
     return readByteVectorInternal(val->get(), size);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readInt32Vector(std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt32);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readInt32Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int32_t>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt32);
 }
@@ -1515,6 +1628,10 @@
     return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt32);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readInt64Vector(std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt64);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readInt64Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int64_t>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt64);
 }
@@ -1523,6 +1640,10 @@
     return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readInt64);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readUint64Vector(std::optional<std::vector<uint64_t>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUint64);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readUint64Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUint64);
 }
@@ -1531,6 +1652,10 @@
     return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUint64);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readFloatVector(std::optional<std::vector<float>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readFloat);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readFloatVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<float>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readFloat);
 }
@@ -1539,6 +1664,10 @@
     return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readFloat);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readDoubleVector(std::optional<std::vector<double>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readDouble);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readDoubleVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<double>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readDouble);
 }
@@ -1547,6 +1676,28 @@
     return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readDouble);
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readBoolVector(std::optional<std::vector<bool>>* val) const {
+    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
+    int32_t size;
+    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
+    val->reset();
+
+    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    setDataPosition(start);
+    val->emplace();
+
+    status = readBoolVector(&**val);
+
+    if (status != OK) {
+        val->reset();
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readBoolVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<bool>>* val) const {
     const int32_t start = dataPosition();
     int32_t size;
@@ -1599,6 +1750,10 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readCharVector(std::optional<std::vector<char16_t>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readChar);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readCharVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<char16_t>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readChar);
 }
@@ -1608,6 +1763,11 @@
 }
 
 status_t Parcel::readString16Vector(
+        std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readString16);
+}
+
+status_t Parcel::readString16Vector(
         std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<String16>>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readString16);
 }
@@ -1617,6 +1777,11 @@
 }
 
 status_t Parcel::readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(
+        std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16);
+}
+
+status_t Parcel::readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(
         std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16);
 }
@@ -1808,6 +1973,21 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16(std::optional<std::string>* str) const {
+    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
+    int32_t size;
+    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
+    str->reset();
+
+    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    setDataPosition(start);
+    str->emplace();
+    return readUtf8FromUtf16(&**str);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readUtf8FromUtf16(std::unique_ptr<std::string>* str) const {
     const int32_t start = dataPosition();
     int32_t size;
@@ -1886,6 +2066,29 @@
     return String16();
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readString16(std::optional<String16>* pArg) const
+{
+    const int32_t start = dataPosition();
+    int32_t size;
+    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
+    pArg->reset();
+
+    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    setDataPosition(start);
+    pArg->emplace();
+
+    status = readString16(&**pArg);
+
+    if (status != OK) {
+        pArg->reset();
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readString16(std::unique_ptr<String16>* pArg) const
 {
     const int32_t start = dataPosition();
@@ -2091,6 +2294,10 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(std::optional<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptor);
+}
+
 status_t Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readUniqueFileDescriptor);
 }
@@ -2436,7 +2643,7 @@
     size_t newSize = ((mDataSize+len)*3)/2;
     return (newSize <= mDataSize)
             ? (status_t) NO_MEMORY
-            : continueWrite(newSize);
+            : continueWrite(std::max(newSize, (size_t) 128));
 }
 
 status_t Parcel::restartWrite(size_t desired)
diff --git a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
index 4b773e8..f3861bb 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
@@ -328,6 +328,8 @@
 }
 
 status_t ProcessState::setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(size_t maxThreads) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mThreadPoolStarted && maxThreads < mMaxThreads,
+           "Binder threadpool cannot be shrunk after starting");
     status_t result = NO_ERROR;
     if (ioctl(mDriverFD, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads) != -1) {
         mMaxThreads = maxThreads;
diff --git a/libs/binder/Status.cpp b/libs/binder/Status.cpp
index 674f065..64ab7a9 100644
--- a/libs/binder/Status.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/Status.cpp
@@ -193,13 +193,15 @@
     }
 
     status_t status = parcel->writeInt32(mException);
-    if (status != OK) { return status; }
+    if (status != OK) return status;
     if (mException == EX_NONE) {
         // We have no more information to write.
         return status;
     }
     status = parcel->writeString16(String16(mMessage));
+    if (status != OK) return status;
     status = parcel->writeInt32(0); // Empty remote stack trace header
+    if (status != OK) return status;
     if (mException == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC) {
         status = parcel->writeInt32(mErrorCode);
     } else if (mException == EX_PARCELABLE) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
index 9aa7651..c232283 100644
--- a/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/libs/binder/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
       "name": "binderVendorDoubleLoadTest"
     },
     {
+      "name": "binderAllocationLimits"
+    },
+    {
       "name": "binderDriverInterfaceTest"
     },
     {
@@ -29,6 +32,17 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "libbinderthreadstateutils_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsOsTestCases",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-filter": "android.os.cts.BuildTest#testSdkInt"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-filter": "android.os.cts.StrictModeTest#testNonSdkApiUsage"
+        }
+      ]
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/fuzzer/binder.cpp b/libs/binder/fuzzer/binder.cpp
index 52c730c..8c0495c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/fuzzer/binder.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/fuzzer/binder.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@
 
     PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::string, readUtf8FromUtf16),
     PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::string>, readUtf8FromUtf16),
+    PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::string>, readUtf8FromUtf16),
     [] (const ::android::Parcel& p, uint8_t /*data*/) {
         FUZZ_LOG() << "about to read c-str";
         const char* str = p.readCString();
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@
     PARCEL_READ_OPT_STATUS(android::String8, readString8),
     PARCEL_READ_OPT_STATUS(android::String16, readString16),
     PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<android::String16>, readString16),
+    PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<android::String16>, readString16),
     [] (const ::android::Parcel& p, uint8_t /*data*/) {
         FUZZ_LOG() << "about to readString16Inplace";
         size_t outLen = 0;
@@ -156,17 +158,22 @@
     // TODO(b/131868573): can force read of arbitrarily sized vector
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<ByteEnum>, readEnumVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<ByteEnum>>, readEnumVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<ByteEnum>>, readEnumVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<IntEnum>, readEnumVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<IntEnum>>, readEnumVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<IntEnum>>, readEnumVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<LongEnum>, readEnumVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<LongEnum>>, readEnumVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<LongEnum>>, readEnumVector),
 
     // only reading one parcelable type for now
     // TODO(b/131868573): can force read of arbitrarily sized vector
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExampleParcelable>>>, readParcelableVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<ExampleParcelable>>>, readParcelableVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<ExampleParcelable>, readParcelableVector),
     PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(ExampleParcelable, readParcelable),
     PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<ExampleParcelable>, readParcelable),
+    PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<ExampleParcelable>, readParcelable),
 
     // only reading one binder type for now
     PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(android::sp<android::os::IServiceManager>, readStrongBinder),
@@ -174,30 +181,42 @@
 
     // TODO(b/131868573): can force read of arbitrarily sized vector
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(::std::unique_ptr<std::vector<android::sp<android::IBinder>>>, readStrongBinderVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(::std::optional<std::vector<android::sp<android::IBinder>>>, readStrongBinderVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<android::sp<android::IBinder>>, readStrongBinderVector),
 
     // TODO(b/131868573): can force read of arbitrarily sized vector
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int8_t>>, readByteVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>, readByteVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<int8_t>, readByteVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>, readByteVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>, readByteVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<uint8_t>, readByteVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int32_t>>, readInt32Vector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>, readInt32Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<int32_t>, readInt32Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int64_t>>, readInt64Vector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>, readInt64Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<int64_t>, readInt64Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>>, readUint64Vector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<uint64_t>>, readUint64Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<uint64_t>, readUint64Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<float>>, readFloatVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<float>>, readFloatVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<float>, readFloatVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<double>>, readDoubleVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<double>>, readDoubleVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<double>, readDoubleVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<bool>>, readBoolVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<bool>>, readBoolVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<bool>, readBoolVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<char16_t>>, readCharVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<char16_t>>, readCharVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<char16_t>, readCharVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<android::String16>>>, readString16Vector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<android::String16>>>, readString16Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<android::String16>, readString16Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>, readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>, readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<std::string>, readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector),
 
     [] (const android::Parcel& p, uint8_t /*len*/) {
@@ -234,6 +253,7 @@
 
     // TODO(b/131868573): can force read of arbitrarily sized vector
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<android::base::unique_fd>>, readUniqueFileDescriptorVector),
+    // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::optional<std::vector<android::base::unique_fd>>, readUniqueFileDescriptorVector),
     // PARCEL_READ_WITH_STATUS(std::vector<android::base::unique_fd>, readUniqueFileDescriptorVector),
 
     [] (const android::Parcel& p, uint8_t len) {
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/ActivityManager.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/ActivityManager.h
index 9108e31..7043b17 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/ActivityManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/ActivityManager.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
     void unregisterUidObserver(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer);
     bool isUidActive(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage);
     int getUidProcessState(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage);
-
+    bool setSchedPolicyCgroup(const int32_t tid, const int32_t group);
 
   status_t linkToDeath(const sp<IBinder::DeathRecipient>& recipient);
     status_t unlinkToDeath(const sp<IBinder::DeathRecipient>& recipient);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
index 6afcd77..6d04f13 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/AppOpsManager.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <utils/threads.h>
 
+#include <optional>
+
 #ifdef __ANDROID_VNDK__
 #error "This header is not visible to vendors"
 #endif
@@ -143,18 +145,18 @@
     //              const String16&) instead
     int32_t noteOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage);
     int32_t noteOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
-            const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag, const String16& message);
+            const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag, const String16& message);
     // @Deprecated, use startOpNoThrow(int32_t, int32_t, const String16&, bool, const String16&,
     //              const String16&) instead
     int32_t startOpNoThrow(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
             bool startIfModeDefault);
     int32_t startOpNoThrow(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
-            bool startIfModeDefault, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag,
+            bool startIfModeDefault, const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag,
             const String16& message);
     // @Deprecated, use finishOp(int32_t, int32_t, const String16&, bool, const String16&) instead
     void finishOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage);
     void finishOp(int32_t op, int32_t uid, const String16& callingPackage,
-            const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag);
+            const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag);
     void startWatchingMode(int32_t op, const String16& packageName,
             const sp<IAppOpsCallback>& callback);
     void stopWatchingMode(const sp<IAppOpsCallback>& callback);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
index 8e871b8..378a911 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@
             volatile int32_t    mObitsSent;
             Vector<Obituary>*   mObituaries;
             ObjectManager       mObjects;
-            Parcel*             mConstantData;
     mutable String16            mDescriptorCache;
             int32_t             mTrackedUid;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IActivityManager.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IActivityManager.h
index e0248f6..fe58a41 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IActivityManager.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IActivityManager.h
@@ -39,13 +39,15 @@
     virtual void unregisterUidObserver(const sp<IUidObserver>& observer) = 0;
     virtual bool isUidActive(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage) = 0;
     virtual int32_t getUidProcessState(const uid_t uid, const String16& callingPackage) = 0;
+    virtual bool setSchedPolicyCgroup(const int32_t tid, const int32_t group) = 0;
 
     enum {
         OPEN_CONTENT_URI_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
         REGISTER_UID_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION,
         UNREGISTER_UID_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION,
         IS_UID_ACTIVE_TRANSACTION,
-        GET_UID_PROCESS_STATE_TRANSACTION
+        GET_UID_PROCESS_STATE_TRANSACTION,
+        SET_SCHED_POLICY_CGROUP_TRANSACTION
     };
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h
index 1ffb8de..a4a20c8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IAppOpsService.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <binder/IAppOpsCallback.h>
 #include <binder/IInterface.h>
 
+#include <optional>
+
 #ifdef __ANDROID_VNDK__
 #error "This header is not visible to vendors"
 #endif
@@ -36,13 +38,13 @@
 
     virtual int32_t checkOperation(int32_t code, int32_t uid, const String16& packageName) = 0;
     virtual int32_t noteOperation(int32_t code, int32_t uid, const String16& packageName,
-            const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp,
+            const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp,
             const String16& message) = 0;
     virtual int32_t startOperation(const sp<IBinder>& token, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
-            const String16& packageName, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag,
+            const String16& packageName, const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag,
             bool startIfModeDefault, bool shouldCollectAsyncNotedOp, const String16& message) = 0;
     virtual void finishOperation(const sp<IBinder>& token, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
-            const String16& packageName, const std::unique_ptr<String16>& attributionTag) = 0;
+            const String16& packageName, const std::optional<String16>& attributionTag) = 0;
     virtual void startWatchingMode(int32_t op, const String16& packageName,
             const sp<IAppOpsCallback>& callback) = 0;
     virtual void stopWatchingMode(const sp<IAppOpsCallback>& callback) = 0;
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IBinder.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IBinder.h
index 64604b7..eea0e89 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IBinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IBinder.h
@@ -173,6 +173,10 @@
      * The @a cookie is optional -- if non-NULL, it should be a
      * memory address that you own (that is, you know it is unique).
      *
+     * @note When all references to the binder being linked to are dropped, the
+     * recipient is automatically unlinked. So, you must hold onto a binder in
+     * order to receive death notifications about it.
+     *
      * @note You will only receive death notifications for remote binders,
      * as local binders by definition can't die without you dying as well.
      * Trying to use this function on a local binder will result in an
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
index 4818889..b4e4a42 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/IPCThreadState.h
@@ -39,12 +39,28 @@
             
             status_t            clearLastError();
 
+            /**
+             * Returns the PID of the process which has made the current binder
+             * call. If not in a binder call, this will return getpid. If the
+             * call is oneway, this will return 0.
+             */
             pid_t               getCallingPid() const;
-            // nullptr if unavailable
-            //
-            // this can't be restored once it's cleared, and it does not return the
-            // context of the current process when not in a binder call.
+
+            /**
+             * Returns the SELinux security identifier of the process which has
+             * made the current binder call. If not in a binder call this will
+             * return nullptr. If this isn't requested with
+             * IBinder::setRequestingSid, it will also return nullptr.
+             *
+             * This can't be restored once it's cleared, and it does not return the
+             * context of the current process when not in a binder call.
+             */
             const char*         getCallingSid() const;
+
+            /**
+             * Returns the UID of the process which has made the current binder
+             * call. If not in a binder call, this will return 0.
+             */
             uid_t               getCallingUid() const;
 
             void                setStrictModePolicy(int32_t policy);
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/MemoryHeapBase.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/MemoryHeapBase.h
index 3fccddc..edada3d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/MemoryHeapBase.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/MemoryHeapBase.h
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@
     virtual ~MemoryHeapBase();
 
     /* implement IMemoryHeap interface */
-    virtual int         getHeapID() const;
+    int         getHeapID() const override;
 
     /* virtual address of the heap. returns MAP_FAILED in case of error */
-    virtual void*       getBase() const;
+    void*       getBase() const override;
 
-    virtual size_t      getSize() const;
-    virtual uint32_t    getFlags() const;
-            off_t       getOffset() const override;
+    size_t      getSize() const override;
+    uint32_t    getFlags() const override;
+    off_t       getOffset() const override;
 
     const char*         getDevice() const;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Nullable.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Nullable.h
index b605bd3..a98583d 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Nullable.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Nullable.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
 //     c = std::move(a);
 
 template <typename T>
-using nullable = std::unique_ptr<T>;
+using nullable = std::optional<T>;
 
 template <typename T, typename... Args>
 inline nullable<T> make_nullable(Args&&... args) {
-    return std::make_unique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return std::make_optional<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
 } // namespace aidl
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
index c1f64fb..b6cfb8e 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcel.h
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@
     status_t            writeString8(const String8& str);
     status_t            writeString8(const char* str, size_t len);
     status_t            writeString16(const String16& str);
+    status_t            writeString16(const std::optional<String16>& str);
     status_t            writeString16(const std::unique_ptr<String16>& str);
     status_t            writeString16(const char16_t* str, size_t len);
     status_t            writeStrongBinder(const sp<IBinder>& val);
@@ -132,33 +133,48 @@
 
     // Take a UTF8 encoded string, convert to UTF16, write it to the parcel.
     status_t            writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::string& str);
+    status_t            writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::optional<std::string>& str);
     status_t            writeUtf8AsUtf16(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& str);
 
+    status_t            writeByteVector(const std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeByteVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int8_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeByteVector(const std::vector<int8_t>& val);
+    status_t            writeByteVector(const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeByteVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeByteVector(const std::vector<uint8_t>& val);
+    status_t            writeInt32Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeInt32Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int32_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeInt32Vector(const std::vector<int32_t>& val);
+    status_t            writeInt64Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeInt64Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int64_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeInt64Vector(const std::vector<int64_t>& val);
+    status_t            writeUint64Vector(const std::optional<std::vector<uint64_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeUint64Vector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeUint64Vector(const std::vector<uint64_t>& val);
+    status_t            writeFloatVector(const std::optional<std::vector<float>>& val);
     status_t            writeFloatVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<float>>& val);
     status_t            writeFloatVector(const std::vector<float>& val);
+    status_t            writeDoubleVector(const std::optional<std::vector<double>>& val);
     status_t            writeDoubleVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<double>>& val);
     status_t            writeDoubleVector(const std::vector<double>& val);
+    status_t            writeBoolVector(const std::optional<std::vector<bool>>& val);
     status_t            writeBoolVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<bool>>& val);
     status_t            writeBoolVector(const std::vector<bool>& val);
+    status_t            writeCharVector(const std::optional<std::vector<char16_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeCharVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<char16_t>>& val);
     status_t            writeCharVector(const std::vector<char16_t>& val);
     status_t            writeString16Vector(
+                            const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>>& val);
+    status_t            writeString16Vector(
                             const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<String16>>>& val);
     status_t            writeString16Vector(const std::vector<String16>& val);
     status_t            writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(
+                            const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>& val);
+    status_t            writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(
                             const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>& val);
     status_t            writeUtf8VectorAsUtf16Vector(const std::vector<std::string>& val);
 
+    status_t            writeStrongBinderVector(const std::optional<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>& val);
     status_t            writeStrongBinderVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>& val);
     status_t            writeStrongBinderVector(const std::vector<sp<IBinder>>& val);
 
@@ -167,14 +183,20 @@
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            writeEnumVector(const std::vector<T>& val);
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
+    status_t            writeEnumVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val);
+    template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            writeEnumVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val);
     // Write an Enum vector with underlying type != int8_t.
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            writeEnumVector(const std::vector<T>& val);
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
+    status_t            writeEnumVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val);
+    template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            writeEnumVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val);
 
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            writeParcelableVector(const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<T>>>& val);
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            writeParcelableVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>>>& val);
     template<typename T>
     status_t            writeParcelableVector(const std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>>>& val);
@@ -182,6 +204,8 @@
     status_t            writeParcelableVector(const std::vector<T>& val);
 
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            writeNullableParcelable(const std::optional<T>& parcelable);
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            writeNullableParcelable(const std::unique_ptr<T>& parcelable);
 
     status_t            writeParcelable(const Parcelable& parcelable);
@@ -195,6 +219,8 @@
     template<typename T>
     status_t            writeVectorSize(const std::vector<T>& val);
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            writeVectorSize(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val);
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            writeVectorSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val);
 
     // Place a native_handle into the parcel (the native_handle's file-
@@ -230,6 +256,8 @@
     // Place a vector of file desciptors into the parcel. Each descriptor is
     // dup'd as in writeDupFileDescriptor
     status_t            writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(
+                            const std::optional<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>& val);
+    status_t            writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(
                             const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>& val);
     status_t            writeUniqueFileDescriptorVector(
                             const std::vector<base::unique_fd>& val);
@@ -279,6 +307,7 @@
 
     // Read a UTF16 encoded string, convert to UTF8
     status_t            readUtf8FromUtf16(std::string* str) const;
+    status_t            readUtf8FromUtf16(std::optional<std::string>* str) const;
     status_t            readUtf8FromUtf16(std::unique_ptr<std::string>* str) const;
 
     const char*         readCString() const;
@@ -287,27 +316,34 @@
     const char*         readString8Inplace(size_t* outLen) const;
     String16            readString16() const;
     status_t            readString16(String16* pArg) const;
+    status_t            readString16(std::optional<String16>* pArg) const;
     status_t            readString16(std::unique_ptr<String16>* pArg) const;
     const char16_t*     readString16Inplace(size_t* outLen) const;
     sp<IBinder>         readStrongBinder() const;
     status_t            readStrongBinder(sp<IBinder>* val) const;
     status_t            readNullableStrongBinder(sp<IBinder>* val) const;
 
-
     // Read an Enum vector with underlying type int8_t.
     // Does not use padding; each byte is contiguous.
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            readEnumVector(std::vector<T>* val) const;
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            readEnumVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val) const;
+    template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
+    status_t            readEnumVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val) const;
     // Read an Enum vector with underlying type != int8_t.
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            readEnumVector(std::vector<T>* val) const;
     template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
     status_t            readEnumVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val) const;
+    template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool> = 0>
+    status_t            readEnumVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val) const;
 
     template<typename T>
     status_t            readParcelableVector(
+                            std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<T>>>* val) const;
+    template<typename T>
+    status_t            readParcelableVector(
                             std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>>>* val) const;
     template<typename T>
     status_t            readParcelableVector(std::vector<T>* val) const;
@@ -315,6 +351,8 @@
     status_t            readParcelable(Parcelable* parcelable) const;
 
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            readParcelable(std::optional<T>* parcelable) const;
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            readParcelable(std::unique_ptr<T>* parcelable) const;
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -323,31 +361,45 @@
     template<typename T>
     status_t            readNullableStrongBinder(sp<T>* val) const;
 
+    status_t            readStrongBinderVector(std::optional<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>* val) const;
     status_t            readStrongBinderVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<sp<IBinder>>>* val) const;
     status_t            readStrongBinderVector(std::vector<sp<IBinder>>* val) const;
 
+    status_t            readByteVector(std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readByteVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int8_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readByteVector(std::vector<int8_t>* val) const;
+    status_t            readByteVector(std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readByteVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readByteVector(std::vector<uint8_t>* val) const;
+    status_t            readInt32Vector(std::optional<std::vector<int32_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readInt32Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int32_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readInt32Vector(std::vector<int32_t>* val) const;
+    status_t            readInt64Vector(std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readInt64Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<int64_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readInt64Vector(std::vector<int64_t>* val) const;
+    status_t            readUint64Vector(std::optional<std::vector<uint64_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readUint64Vector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readUint64Vector(std::vector<uint64_t>* val) const;
+    status_t            readFloatVector(std::optional<std::vector<float>>* val) const;
     status_t            readFloatVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<float>>* val) const;
     status_t            readFloatVector(std::vector<float>* val) const;
+    status_t            readDoubleVector(std::optional<std::vector<double>>* val) const;
     status_t            readDoubleVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<double>>* val) const;
     status_t            readDoubleVector(std::vector<double>* val) const;
+    status_t            readBoolVector(std::optional<std::vector<bool>>* val) const;
     status_t            readBoolVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<bool>>* val) const;
     status_t            readBoolVector(std::vector<bool>* val) const;
+    status_t            readCharVector(std::optional<std::vector<char16_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readCharVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<char16_t>>* val) const;
     status_t            readCharVector(std::vector<char16_t>* val) const;
     status_t            readString16Vector(
+                            std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>>* val) const;
+    status_t            readString16Vector(
                             std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<String16>>>* val) const;
     status_t            readString16Vector(std::vector<String16>* val) const;
     status_t            readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(
+                            std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>>* val) const;
+    status_t            readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(
                             std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>>>* val) const;
     status_t            readUtf8VectorFromUtf16Vector(std::vector<std::string>* val) const;
 
@@ -360,10 +412,15 @@
     template<typename T>
     status_t            resizeOutVector(std::vector<T>* val) const;
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            resizeOutVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val) const;
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            resizeOutVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val) const;
     template<typename T>
     status_t            reserveOutVector(std::vector<T>* val, size_t* size) const;
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            reserveOutVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val,
+                                         size_t* size) const;
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            reserveOutVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val,
                                          size_t* size) const;
 
@@ -399,6 +456,8 @@
 
     // Retrieve a vector of smart file descriptors from the parcel.
     status_t            readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(
+                            std::optional<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>* val) const;
+    status_t            readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(
                             std::unique_ptr<std::vector<base::unique_fd>>* val) const;
     status_t            readUniqueFileDescriptorVector(
                             std::vector<base::unique_fd>* val) const;
@@ -492,6 +551,9 @@
     status_t            unsafeReadTypedVector(std::vector<T>* val,
                                               status_t(Parcel::*read_func)(U*) const) const;
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            readNullableTypedVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val,
+                                                status_t(Parcel::*read_func)(T*) const) const;
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            readNullableTypedVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val,
                                                 status_t(Parcel::*read_func)(T*) const) const;
     template<typename T>
@@ -501,9 +563,15 @@
     status_t            unsafeWriteTypedVector(const std::vector<T>& val,
                                                status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(U));
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            writeNullableTypedVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val,
+                                                 status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(const T&));
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            writeNullableTypedVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val,
                                                  status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(const T&));
     template<typename T>
+    status_t            writeNullableTypedVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val,
+                                                 status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(T));
+    template<typename T>
     status_t            writeNullableTypedVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val,
                                                  status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(T));
     template<typename T>
@@ -691,6 +759,15 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::writeVectorSize(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val) {
+    if (!val) {
+        return writeInt32(-1);
+    }
+
+    return writeVectorSize(*val);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::writeVectorSize(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val) {
     if (!val) {
         return writeInt32(-1);
@@ -715,6 +792,22 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::resizeOutVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val) const {
+    int32_t size;
+    status_t err = readInt32(&size);
+    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    val->reset();
+    if (size >= 0) {
+        val->emplace(size_t(size));
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::resizeOutVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val) const {
     int32_t size;
     status_t err = readInt32(&size);
@@ -747,6 +840,25 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::reserveOutVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val, size_t* size) const {
+    int32_t read_size;
+    status_t err = readInt32(&read_size);
+    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if (read_size >= 0) {
+        *size = static_cast<size_t>(read_size);
+        val->emplace();
+        (*val)->reserve(*size);
+    } else {
+        val->reset();
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::reserveOutVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val,
                                   size_t* size) const {
     int32_t read_size;
@@ -841,6 +953,30 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::readNullableTypedVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val,
+                                         status_t(Parcel::*read_func)(T*) const) const {
+    const size_t start = dataPosition();
+    int32_t size;
+    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
+    val->reset();
+
+    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    setDataPosition(start);
+    val->emplace();
+
+    status = unsafeReadTypedVector(&**val, read_func);
+
+    if (status != OK) {
+       val->reset();
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::readNullableTypedVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val,
                                          status_t(Parcel::*read_func)(T*) const) const {
     const size_t start = dataPosition();
@@ -901,6 +1037,16 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::writeNullableTypedVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val,
+                                          status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(const T&)) {
+    if (!val) {
+        return this->writeInt32(-1);
+    }
+
+    return unsafeWriteTypedVector(*val, write_func);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::writeNullableTypedVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val,
                                           status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(const T&)) {
     if (val.get() == nullptr) {
@@ -911,6 +1057,16 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::writeNullableTypedVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val,
+                                          status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(T)) {
+    if (!val) {
+        return this->writeInt32(-1);
+    }
+
+    return unsafeWriteTypedVector(*val, write_func);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::writeNullableTypedVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val,
                                           status_t(Parcel::*write_func)(T)) {
     if (val.get() == nullptr) {
@@ -926,6 +1082,30 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::readParcelableVector(std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<T>>>* val) const {
+    const size_t start = dataPosition();
+    int32_t size;
+    status_t status = readInt32(&size);
+    val->reset();
+
+    if (status != OK || size < 0) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    setDataPosition(start);
+    val->emplace();
+
+    using NullableT = std::optional<T>;
+    status = unsafeReadTypedVector<NullableT, NullableT>(&**val, &Parcel::readParcelable);
+
+    if (status != OK) {
+        val->reset();
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::readParcelableVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>>>* val) const {
     const size_t start = dataPosition();
     int32_t size;
@@ -939,7 +1119,8 @@
     setDataPosition(start);
     val->reset(new std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>>());
 
-    status = unsafeReadTypedVector(val->get(), &Parcel::readParcelable<T>);
+    using NullableT = std::unique_ptr<T>;
+    status = unsafeReadTypedVector<NullableT, NullableT>(val->get(), &Parcel::readParcelable);
 
     if (status != OK) {
         val->reset();
@@ -949,6 +1130,29 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::readParcelable(std::optional<T>* parcelable) const {
+    const size_t start = dataPosition();
+    int32_t present;
+    status_t status = readInt32(&present);
+    parcelable->reset();
+
+    if (status != OK || !present) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    setDataPosition(start);
+    parcelable->emplace();
+
+    status = readParcelable(&**parcelable);
+
+    if (status != OK) {
+        parcelable->reset();
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::readParcelable(std::unique_ptr<T>* parcelable) const {
     const size_t start = dataPosition();
     int32_t present;
@@ -972,6 +1176,11 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::writeNullableParcelable(const std::optional<T>& parcelable) {
+    return writeRawNullableParcelable(parcelable ? &*parcelable : nullptr);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::writeNullableParcelable(const std::unique_ptr<T>& parcelable) {
     return writeRawNullableParcelable(parcelable.get());
 }
@@ -982,6 +1191,16 @@
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+status_t Parcel::writeParcelableVector(const std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<T>>>& val) {
+    if (!val) {
+        return this->writeInt32(-1);
+    }
+
+    using NullableT = std::optional<T>;
+    return unsafeWriteTypedVector<NullableT, const NullableT&>(*val, &Parcel::writeNullableParcelable);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
 status_t Parcel::writeParcelableVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>>>& val) {
     if (val.get() == nullptr) {
         return this->writeInt32(-1);
@@ -996,7 +1215,8 @@
         return this->writeInt32(-1);
     }
 
-    return unsafeWriteTypedVector(*val, &Parcel::writeNullableParcelable<T>);
+    using NullableT = std::unique_ptr<T>;
+    return unsafeWriteTypedVector<NullableT, const NullableT&>(*val, &Parcel::writeNullableParcelable);
 }
 
 template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int32_t>, bool>>
@@ -1013,6 +1233,11 @@
     return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val.data()), val.size());
 }
 template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
+status_t Parcel::writeEnumVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val) {
+    if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
+    return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val->data()), val->size());
+}
+template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
 status_t Parcel::writeEnumVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val) {
     if (!val) return writeInt32(-1);
     return writeByteVectorInternal(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(val->data()), val->size());
@@ -1022,6 +1247,10 @@
     return writeTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeEnum);
 }
 template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
+status_t Parcel::writeEnumVector(const std::optional<std::vector<T>>& val) {
+    return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeEnum);
+}
+template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
 status_t Parcel::writeEnumVector(const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>& val) {
     return writeNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::writeEnum);
 }
@@ -1053,6 +1282,17 @@
     return readByteVectorInternal(val, size);
 }
 template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
+status_t Parcel::readEnumVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val) const {
+    size_t size;
+    if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
+    if (!*val) {
+        // reserveOutVector does not create the out vector if size is < 0.
+        // This occurs when writing a null Enum vector.
+        return OK;
+    }
+    return readByteVectorInternal(&**val, size);
+}
+template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
 status_t Parcel::readEnumVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val) const {
     size_t size;
     if (status_t status = reserveOutVector(val, &size); status != OK) return status;
@@ -1068,6 +1308,10 @@
     return readTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readEnum);
 }
 template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
+status_t Parcel::readEnumVector(std::optional<std::vector<T>>* val) const {
+    return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readEnum);
+}
+template<typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<typename std::underlying_type_t<T>,int8_t>, bool>>
 status_t Parcel::readEnumVector(std::unique_ptr<std::vector<T>>* val) const {
     return readNullableTypedVector(val, &Parcel::readEnum);
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/ParcelFileDescriptor.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/ParcelFileDescriptor.h
index 4635ad8..71e1d3c 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/ParcelFileDescriptor.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/ParcelFileDescriptor.h
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@
 public:
     ParcelFileDescriptor();
     explicit ParcelFileDescriptor(android::base::unique_fd fd);
-    ParcelFileDescriptor(ParcelFileDescriptor&& other) : mFd(std::move(other.mFd)) { }
+    ParcelFileDescriptor(ParcelFileDescriptor&& other) noexcept : mFd(std::move(other.mFd)) { }
+    ParcelFileDescriptor& operator=(ParcelFileDescriptor&& other) noexcept = default;
     ~ParcelFileDescriptor() override;
 
     int get() const { return mFd.get(); }
diff --git a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcelable.h b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcelable.h
index a9166e2..c113279 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcelable.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include/binder/Parcelable.h
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@
     //
     // Returns android::OK on success and an appropriate error otherwise.
     virtual status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) = 0;
+
+    // 'Stable' means this parcelable is guaranteed to be stable for multiple years.
+    // It must be guaranteed by setting stability field in aidl_interface.
+    // WARNING: isStable() is only expected to be overridden by auto-generated code.
+    // Returns true if this parcelable is stable.
+    virtual bool isStable() const { return false; }
 };  // class Parcelable
 
 #if defined(__clang__)
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
index 4560f22..13dbec1 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_ibinder.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h
index 86b75b8..a031e29 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel_utils.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel_utils.h
index df5df13..09949ea 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel_utils.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_parcel_utils.h
@@ -831,34 +831,34 @@
 }
 
 /**
- * Writes a vector of int8_t to the next location in a non-null parcel.
+ * Writes a vector of uint8_t to the next location in a non-null parcel.
  */
-inline binder_status_t AParcel_writeVector(AParcel* parcel, const std::vector<int8_t>& vec) {
-    return AParcel_writeByteArray(parcel, vec.data(), vec.size());
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_writeVector(AParcel* parcel, const std::vector<uint8_t>& vec) {
+    return AParcel_writeByteArray(parcel, reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(vec.data()), vec.size());
 }
 
 /**
- * Writes an optional vector of int8_t to the next location in a non-null parcel.
+ * Writes an optional vector of uint8_t to the next location in a non-null parcel.
  */
 inline binder_status_t AParcel_writeVector(AParcel* parcel,
-                                           const std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>& vec) {
+                                           const std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>& vec) {
     if (!vec) return AParcel_writeByteArray(parcel, nullptr, -1);
     return AParcel_writeVector(parcel, *vec);
 }
 
 /**
- * Reads a vector of int8_t from the next location in a non-null parcel.
+ * Reads a vector of uint8_t from the next location in a non-null parcel.
  */
-inline binder_status_t AParcel_readVector(const AParcel* parcel, std::vector<int8_t>* vec) {
+inline binder_status_t AParcel_readVector(const AParcel* parcel, std::vector<uint8_t>* vec) {
     void* vectorData = static_cast<void*>(vec);
     return AParcel_readByteArray(parcel, vectorData, AParcel_stdVectorAllocator<int8_t>);
 }
 
 /**
- * Reads an optional vector of int8_t from the next location in a non-null parcel.
+ * Reads an optional vector of uint8_t from the next location in a non-null parcel.
  */
 inline binder_status_t AParcel_readVector(const AParcel* parcel,
-                                          std::optional<std::vector<int8_t>>* vec) {
+                                          std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>>* vec) {
     void* vectorData = static_cast<void*>(vec);
     return AParcel_readByteArray(parcel, vectorData, AParcel_nullableStdVectorAllocator<int8_t>);
 }
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
index ab9a144..3a55f94 100644
--- a/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
+++ b/libs/binder/ndk/include_ndk/android/binder_status.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/Android.bp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/Android.bp
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/Android.bp
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/AndroidTest.xml b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/AndroidTest.xml
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/AndroidTest.xml
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/AndroidTest.xml
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/IBinderNdkUnitTest.aidl b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/IBinderNdkUnitTest.aidl
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/IBinderNdkUnitTest.aidl
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/IBinderNdkUnitTest.aidl
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/IBinderVendorDoubleLoadTest.aidl b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/IBinderVendorDoubleLoadTest.aidl
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/IBinderVendorDoubleLoadTest.aidl
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/IBinderVendorDoubleLoadTest.aidl
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/IEmpty.aidl b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/IEmpty.aidl
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/IEmpty.aidl
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/IEmpty.aidl
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/binderVendorDoubleLoadTest.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/binderVendorDoubleLoadTest.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/binderVendorDoubleLoadTest.cpp
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/binderVendorDoubleLoadTest.cpp
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/iface.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/iface.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/iface.cpp
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/iface.cpp
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/include/iface/iface.h b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/include/iface/iface.h
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/include/iface/iface.h
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/include/iface/iface.h
diff --git a/libs/binder/ndk/test/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp b/libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/binder/ndk/test/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
rename to libs/binder/ndk/tests/libbinder_ndk_unit_test.cpp
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
index c0da2cd..2680e84 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/Android.bp
@@ -169,3 +169,18 @@
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     require_root: true,
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "binderAllocationLimits",
+    defaults: ["binder_test_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["binderAllocationLimits.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libutilscallstack",
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    require_root: true,
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderAllocationLimits.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderAllocationLimits.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1f5ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderAllocationLimits.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <utils/CallStack.h>
+
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct DestructionAction {
+    DestructionAction(std::function<void()> f) : mF(std::move(f)) {}
+    ~DestructionAction() { mF(); };
+private:
+    std::function<void()> mF;
+};
+
+// Group of hooks
+struct MallocHooks {
+    decltype(__malloc_hook) malloc_hook;
+    decltype(__realloc_hook) realloc_hook;
+
+    static MallocHooks save() {
+        return {
+            .malloc_hook = __malloc_hook,
+            .realloc_hook = __realloc_hook,
+        };
+    }
+
+    void overwrite() const {
+        __malloc_hook = malloc_hook;
+        __realloc_hook = realloc_hook;
+    }
+};
+
+static const MallocHooks orig_malloc_hooks = MallocHooks::save();
+
+// When malloc is hit, executes lambda.
+namespace LambdaHooks {
+    using AllocationHook = std::function<void(size_t)>;
+    static std::vector<AllocationHook> lambdas = {};
+
+    static void* lambda_realloc_hook(void* ptr, size_t bytes, const void* arg);
+    static void* lambda_malloc_hook(size_t bytes, const void* arg);
+
+    static const MallocHooks lambda_malloc_hooks = {
+        .malloc_hook = lambda_malloc_hook,
+        .realloc_hook = lambda_realloc_hook,
+    };
+
+    static void* lambda_malloc_hook(size_t bytes, const void* arg) {
+        {
+            orig_malloc_hooks.overwrite();
+            lambdas.at(lambdas.size() - 1)(bytes);
+            lambda_malloc_hooks.overwrite();
+        }
+        return orig_malloc_hooks.malloc_hook(bytes, arg);
+    }
+
+    static void* lambda_realloc_hook(void* ptr, size_t bytes, const void* arg) {
+        {
+            orig_malloc_hooks.overwrite();
+            lambdas.at(lambdas.size() - 1)(bytes);
+            lambda_malloc_hooks.overwrite();
+        }
+        return orig_malloc_hooks.realloc_hook(ptr, bytes, arg);
+    }
+
+}
+
+// Action to execute when malloc is hit. Supports nesting. Malloc is not
+// restricted when the allocation hook is being processed.
+__attribute__((warn_unused_result))
+DestructionAction OnMalloc(LambdaHooks::AllocationHook f) {
+    MallocHooks before = MallocHooks::save();
+    LambdaHooks::lambdas.emplace_back(std::move(f));
+    LambdaHooks::lambda_malloc_hooks.overwrite();
+    return DestructionAction([before]() {
+        before.overwrite();
+        LambdaHooks::lambdas.pop_back();
+    });
+}
+
+// exported symbol, to force compiler not to optimize away pointers we set here
+const void* imaginary_use;
+
+TEST(TestTheTest, OnMalloc) {
+    size_t mallocs = 0;
+    {
+        const auto on_malloc = OnMalloc([&](size_t bytes) {
+            mallocs++;
+            EXPECT_EQ(bytes, 40);
+        });
+
+        imaginary_use = new int[10];
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(mallocs, 1);
+}
+
+
+__attribute__((warn_unused_result))
+DestructionAction ScopeDisallowMalloc() {
+    return OnMalloc([&](size_t bytes) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Unexpected allocation: " << bytes;
+        using android::CallStack;
+        std::cout << CallStack::stackToString("UNEXPECTED ALLOCATION", CallStack::getCurrent(4 /*ignoreDepth*/).get())
+                  << std::endl;
+    });
+}
+
+using android::IBinder;
+using android::Parcel;
+using android::String16;
+using android::defaultServiceManager;
+using android::sp;
+using android::IServiceManager;
+
+static sp<IBinder> GetRemoteBinder() {
+    // This gets binder representing the service manager
+    // the current IServiceManager API doesn't expose the binder, and
+    // I want to avoid adding usages of the AIDL generated interface it
+    // is using underneath, so to avoid people copying it.
+    sp<IBinder> binder = defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16("manager"));
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, binder);
+    return binder;
+}
+
+TEST(BinderAllocation, ParcelOnStack) {
+    const auto m = ScopeDisallowMalloc();
+    Parcel p;
+    imaginary_use = p.data();
+}
+
+TEST(BinderAllocation, GetServiceManager) {
+    defaultServiceManager(); // first call may alloc
+    const auto m = ScopeDisallowMalloc();
+    defaultServiceManager();
+}
+
+// note, ping does not include interface descriptor
+TEST(BinderAllocation, PingTransaction) {
+    sp<IBinder> a_binder = GetRemoteBinder();
+    const auto m = ScopeDisallowMalloc();
+    a_binder->pingBinder();
+}
+
+TEST(BinderAllocation, SmallTransaction) {
+    String16 empty_descriptor = String16("");
+    sp<IServiceManager> manager = defaultServiceManager();
+
+    size_t mallocs = 0;
+    const auto on_malloc = OnMalloc([&](size_t bytes) {
+        mallocs++;
+        // Parcel should allocate a small amount by default
+        EXPECT_EQ(bytes, 128);
+    });
+    manager->checkService(empty_descriptor);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mallocs, 1);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    if (getenv("LIBC_HOOKS_ENABLE") == nullptr) {
+        CHECK(0 == setenv("LIBC_HOOKS_ENABLE", "1", true /*overwrite*/));
+        execv(argv[0], argv);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/libs/binder/tests/binderThroughputTest.cpp b/libs/binder/tests/binderThroughputTest.cpp
index b790997..3b1faa8 100644
--- a/libs/binder/tests/binderThroughputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/tests/binderThroughputTest.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
         if (time > max_time_bucket) {
             m_long_transactions++;
         }
-        m_buckets[min(time, max_time_bucket-1) / time_per_bucket] += 1;
+        m_buckets[min((uint32_t)(time / time_per_bucket), num_buckets - 1)] += 1;
         m_best = min(time, m_best);
         m_worst = max(time, m_worst);
         m_transactions += 1;
diff --git a/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp b/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
index 0b77ab3..50f6289 100644
--- a/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
+++ b/libs/cputimeinstate/cputimeinstate.cpp
@@ -88,16 +88,6 @@
     return policyN1 - policyN2;
 }
 
-static int bpf_obj_get_wronly(const char *pathname) {
-    union bpf_attr attr;
-
-    memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
-    attr.pathname = ptr_to_u64((void *)pathname);
-    attr.file_flags = BPF_F_WRONLY;
-
-    return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_OBJ_GET, &attr, sizeof(attr));
-}
-
 static bool initGlobals() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(gInitializedMutex);
     if (gInitialized) return true;
@@ -156,7 +146,7 @@
 static bool attachTracepointProgram(const std::string &eventType, const std::string &eventName) {
     std::string path = StringPrintf(BPF_FS_PATH "prog_time_in_state_tracepoint_%s_%s",
                                     eventType.c_str(), eventName.c_str());
-    int prog_fd = bpfFdGet(path.c_str(), BPF_F_RDONLY);
+    int prog_fd = retrieveProgram(path.c_str());
     if (prog_fd < 0) return false;
     return bpf_attach_tracepoint(prog_fd, eventType.c_str(), eventName.c_str()) >= 0;
 }
@@ -183,7 +173,7 @@
     if (!initGlobals()) return false;
     if (gTracking) return true;
 
-    unique_fd cpuPolicyFd(bpf_obj_get_wronly(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_cpu_policy_map"));
+    unique_fd cpuPolicyFd(mapRetrieveWO(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_cpu_policy_map"));
     if (cpuPolicyFd < 0) return false;
 
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gPolicyCpus.size(); ++i) {
@@ -192,7 +182,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    unique_fd freqToIdxFd(bpf_obj_get_wronly(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_freq_to_idx_map"));
+    unique_fd freqToIdxFd(mapRetrieveWO(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_freq_to_idx_map"));
     if (freqToIdxFd < 0) return false;
     freq_idx_key_t key;
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gNPolicies; ++i) {
@@ -207,23 +197,23 @@
         }
     }
 
-    unique_fd cpuLastUpdateFd(bpf_obj_get_wronly(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_cpu_last_update_map"));
+    unique_fd cpuLastUpdateFd(mapRetrieveWO(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_cpu_last_update_map"));
     if (cpuLastUpdateFd < 0) return false;
     std::vector<uint64_t> zeros(get_nprocs_conf(), 0);
     uint32_t zero = 0;
     if (writeToMapEntry(cpuLastUpdateFd, &zero, zeros.data(), BPF_ANY)) return false;
 
-    unique_fd nrActiveFd(bpf_obj_get_wronly(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_nr_active_map"));
+    unique_fd nrActiveFd(mapRetrieveWO(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_nr_active_map"));
     if (nrActiveFd < 0) return false;
     if (writeToMapEntry(nrActiveFd, &zero, &zero, BPF_ANY)) return false;
 
-    unique_fd policyNrActiveFd(bpf_obj_get_wronly(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_policy_nr_active_map"));
+    unique_fd policyNrActiveFd(mapRetrieveWO(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_policy_nr_active_map"));
     if (policyNrActiveFd < 0) return false;
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gNPolicies; ++i) {
         if (writeToMapEntry(policyNrActiveFd, &i, &zero, BPF_ANY)) return false;
     }
 
-    unique_fd policyFreqIdxFd(bpf_obj_get_wronly(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_policy_freq_idx_map"));
+    unique_fd policyFreqIdxFd(mapRetrieveWO(BPF_FS_PATH "map_time_in_state_policy_freq_idx_map"));
     if (policyFreqIdxFd < 0) return false;
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gNPolicies; ++i) {
         auto freqIdx = getPolicyFreqIdx(i);
diff --git a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
index fd557b7..2e14408 100644
--- a/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
+++ b/libs/dumputils/dump_utils.cpp
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@
         "android.hardware.audio@4.0::IDevicesFactory",
         "android.hardware.audio@5.0::IDevicesFactory",
         "android.hardware.audio@6.0::IDevicesFactory",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@1.0::IAudioControl",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@2.0::IAudioControl",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0::IEvsCamera",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::IVehicle",
         "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0::IBiometricsFace",
         "android.hardware.biometrics.fingerprint@2.1::IBiometricsFingerprint",
         "android.hardware.bluetooth@1.0::IBluetoothHci",
@@ -67,16 +71,12 @@
         "android.hardware.media.c2@1.0::IComponentStore",
         "android.hardware.media.omx@1.0::IOmx",
         "android.hardware.media.omx@1.0::IOmxStore",
+        "android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IDevice",
         "android.hardware.power@1.3::IPower",
         "android.hardware.power.stats@1.0::IPowerStats",
         "android.hardware.sensors@1.0::ISensors",
         "android.hardware.thermal@2.0::IThermal",
         "android.hardware.vr@1.0::IVr",
-        "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@1.0::IAudioControl",
-        "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@2.0::IAudioControl",
-        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::IVehicle",
-        "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0::IEvsCamera",
-        "android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IDevice",
         NULL,
 };
 
diff --git a/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp b/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp
index de32ff4..6909637 100644
--- a/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/fakeservicemanager/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 cc_defaults {
     name: "fakeservicemanager_defaults",
+    host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
         "ServiceManager.cpp",
     ],
diff --git a/libs/gralloc/OWNERS b/libs/gralloc/OWNERS
index 67743cd..4a95778 100644
--- a/libs/gralloc/OWNERS
+++ b/libs/gralloc/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-marissaw@google.com
+chrisforbes@google.com
 vhau@google.com
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
index 4809c1f..119b3e0 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/dlext.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <graphicsenv/IGpuService.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h>
@@ -40,6 +39,13 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 
+// TODO(b/159240322): Extend this to x86 ABI.
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+#define UPDATABLE_DRIVER_ABI "arm64-v8a"
+#else
+#define UPDATABLE_DRIVER_ABI "armeabi-v7a"
+#endif // defined(__LP64__)
+
 // TODO(ianelliott@): Get the following from an ANGLE header:
 #define CURRENT_ANGLE_API_VERSION 2 // Current API verion we are targetting
 // Version-2 API:
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@
 
 static std::string vndkVersionStr() {
 #ifdef __BIONIC__
-    return android::base::GetProperty("ro.vndk.version", "");
+    return base::GetProperty("ro.vndk.version", "");
 #endif
     return "";
 }
@@ -338,10 +344,8 @@
 }
 
 bool GraphicsEnv::checkAngleRules(void* so) {
-    char manufacturer[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    char model[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    property_get("ro.product.manufacturer", manufacturer, "UNSET");
-    property_get("ro.product.model", model, "UNSET");
+    auto manufacturer = base::GetProperty("ro.product.manufacturer", "UNSET");
+    auto model = base::GetProperty("ro.product.model", "UNSET");
 
     auto ANGLEGetFeatureSupportUtilAPIVersion =
             (fpANGLEGetFeatureSupportUtilAPIVersion)dlsym(so,
@@ -394,7 +398,8 @@
                 ALOGW("ANGLE feature-support library cannot obtain SystemInfo");
                 break;
             }
-            if (!(ANGLEAddDeviceInfoToSystemInfo)(manufacturer, model, systemInfoHandle)) {
+            if (!(ANGLEAddDeviceInfoToSystemInfo)(manufacturer.c_str(), model.c_str(),
+                                                  systemInfoHandle)) {
                 ALOGW("ANGLE feature-support library cannot add device info to SystemInfo");
                 break;
             }
@@ -584,7 +589,28 @@
     }
 
     if (mDriverPath.empty()) {
-        return nullptr;
+        // For an application process, driver path is empty means this application is not opted in
+        // to use updatable driver. Application process doesn't have the ability to set up
+        // environment variables and hence before `getenv` call will return.
+        // For a process that is not an application process, if it's run from an environment,
+        // for example shell, where environment variables can be set, then it can opt into using
+        // udpatable driver by setting UPDATABLE_GFX_DRIVER to 1. By setting to 1 the developer
+        // driver will be used currently.
+        // TODO(b/159240322) Support the production updatable driver.
+        const char* id = getenv("UPDATABLE_GFX_DRIVER");
+        if (id == nullptr || std::strcmp(id, "1")) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        const sp<IGpuService> gpuService = getGpuService();
+        if (!gpuService) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        mDriverPath = gpuService->getUpdatableDriverPath();
+        if (mDriverPath.empty()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        mDriverPath.append(UPDATABLE_DRIVER_ABI);
+        ALOGI("Driver path is setup via UPDATABLE_GFX_DRIVER: %s", mDriverPath.c_str());
     }
 
     auto vndkNamespace = android_get_exported_namespace("vndk");
@@ -625,8 +651,7 @@
     mAngleNamespace = android_create_namespace("ANGLE",
                                                nullptr,            // ld_library_path
                                                mAnglePath.c_str(), // default_library_path
-                                               ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED |
-                                                       ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED,
+                                               ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED_ISOLATED,
                                                nullptr, // permitted_when_isolated_path
                                                nullptr);
 
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/IGpuService.cpp b/libs/graphicsenv/IGpuService.cpp
index de3503b..fa25c55 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/IGpuService.cpp
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/IGpuService.cpp
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
 public:
     explicit BpGpuService(const sp<IBinder>& impl) : BpInterface<IGpuService>(impl) {}
 
-    virtual void setGpuStats(const std::string& driverPackageName,
-                             const std::string& driverVersionName, uint64_t driverVersionCode,
-                             int64_t driverBuildTime, const std::string& appPackageName,
-                             const int32_t vulkanVersion, GpuStatsInfo::Driver driver,
-                             bool isDriverLoaded, int64_t driverLoadingTime) {
+    void setGpuStats(const std::string& driverPackageName, const std::string& driverVersionName,
+                     uint64_t driverVersionCode, int64_t driverBuildTime,
+                     const std::string& appPackageName, const int32_t vulkanVersion,
+                     GpuStatsInfo::Driver driver, bool isDriverLoaded,
+                     int64_t driverLoadingTime) override {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IGpuService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
 
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
         remote()->transact(BnGpuService::SET_GPU_STATS, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
     }
 
-    virtual void setTargetStats(const std::string& appPackageName, const uint64_t driverVersionCode,
-                                const GpuStatsInfo::Stats stats, const uint64_t value) {
+    void setTargetStats(const std::string& appPackageName, const uint64_t driverVersionCode,
+                        const GpuStatsInfo::Stats stats, const uint64_t value) override {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IGpuService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
 
@@ -60,6 +60,27 @@
 
         remote()->transact(BnGpuService::SET_TARGET_STATS, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
     }
+
+    void setUpdatableDriverPath(const std::string& driverPath) override {
+        Parcel data, reply;
+        data.writeInterfaceToken(IGpuService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+        data.writeUtf8AsUtf16(driverPath);
+
+        remote()->transact(BnGpuService::SET_UPDATABLE_DRIVER_PATH, data, &reply,
+                           IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
+    }
+
+    std::string getUpdatableDriverPath() override {
+        Parcel data, reply;
+        data.writeInterfaceToken(IGpuService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+
+        status_t error = remote()->transact(BnGpuService::GET_UPDATABLE_DRIVER_PATH, data, &reply);
+        std::string driverPath;
+        if (error == OK) {
+            error = reply.readUtf8FromUtf16(&driverPath);
+        }
+        return driverPath;
+    }
 };
 
 IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(GpuService, "android.graphicsenv.IGpuService");
@@ -126,6 +147,21 @@
 
             return OK;
         }
+        case SET_UPDATABLE_DRIVER_PATH: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGpuService, data, reply);
+
+            std::string driverPath;
+            if ((status = data.readUtf8FromUtf16(&driverPath)) != OK) return status;
+
+            setUpdatableDriverPath(driverPath);
+            return OK;
+        }
+        case GET_UPDATABLE_DRIVER_PATH: {
+            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGpuService, data, reply);
+
+            std::string driverPath = getUpdatableDriverPath();
+            return reply->writeUtf8AsUtf16(driverPath);
+        }
         case SHELL_COMMAND_TRANSACTION: {
             int in = data.readFileDescriptor();
             int out = data.readFileDescriptor();
diff --git a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/IGpuService.h b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/IGpuService.h
index c7c6d1e..2d59fa0 100644
--- a/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/IGpuService.h
+++ b/libs/graphicsenv/include/graphicsenv/IGpuService.h
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@
     // set target stats.
     virtual void setTargetStats(const std::string& appPackageName, const uint64_t driverVersionCode,
                                 const GpuStatsInfo::Stats stats, const uint64_t value = 0) = 0;
+
+    // setter and getter for updatable driver path.
+    virtual void setUpdatableDriverPath(const std::string& driverPath) = 0;
+    virtual std::string getUpdatableDriverPath() = 0;
 };
 
 class BnGpuService : public BnInterface<IGpuService> {
@@ -49,6 +53,8 @@
     enum IGpuServiceTag {
         SET_GPU_STATS = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
         SET_TARGET_STATS,
+        SET_UPDATABLE_DRIVER_PATH,
+        GET_UPDATABLE_DRIVER_PATH,
         // Always append new enum to the end.
     };
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
index e62a61f..6881be3 100644
--- a/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/ISurfaceComposer.cpp
@@ -371,10 +371,8 @@
         data.writeStrongBinder(display);
         remote()->transact(BnSurfaceComposer::GET_DISPLAY_INFO, data, &reply);
         const status_t result = reply.readInt32();
-        if (result == NO_ERROR) {
-            memcpy(info, reply.readInplace(sizeof(DisplayInfo)), sizeof(DisplayInfo));
-        }
-        return result;
+        if (result != NO_ERROR) return result;
+        return reply.read(*info);
     }
 
     virtual status_t getDisplayConfigs(const sp<IBinder>& display, Vector<DisplayConfig>* configs) {
@@ -1093,22 +1091,22 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    virtual status_t notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId) {
+    virtual status_t notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         status_t error = data.writeInterfaceToken(ISurfaceComposer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
         if (error != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("notifyPowerHint: failed to write interface token: %d", error);
+            ALOGE("notifyPowerBoost: failed to write interface token: %d", error);
             return error;
         }
-        error = data.writeInt32(hintId);
+        error = data.writeInt32(boostId);
         if (error != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("notifyPowerHint: failed to write hintId: %d", error);
+            ALOGE("notifyPowerBoost: failed to write boostId: %d", error);
             return error;
         }
-        error = remote()->transact(BnSurfaceComposer::NOTIFY_POWER_HINT, data, &reply,
+        error = remote()->transact(BnSurfaceComposer::NOTIFY_POWER_BOOST, data, &reply,
                                    IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
         if (error != NO_ERROR) {
-            ALOGE("notifyPowerHint: failed to transact: %d", error);
+            ALOGE("notifyPowerBoost: failed to transact: %d", error);
             return error;
         }
         return NO_ERROR;
@@ -1442,10 +1440,8 @@
             const sp<IBinder> display = data.readStrongBinder();
             const status_t result = getDisplayInfo(display, &info);
             reply->writeInt32(result);
-            if (result == NO_ERROR) {
-                memcpy(reply->writeInplace(sizeof(DisplayInfo)), &info, sizeof(DisplayInfo));
-            }
-            return NO_ERROR;
+            if (result != NO_ERROR) return result;
+            return reply->write(info);
         }
         case GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
@@ -1989,15 +1985,15 @@
             }
             return setDisplayBrightness(displayToken, brightness);
         }
-        case NOTIFY_POWER_HINT: {
+        case NOTIFY_POWER_BOOST: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
-            int32_t hintId;
-            status_t error = data.readInt32(&hintId);
+            int32_t boostId;
+            status_t error = data.readInt32(&boostId);
             if (error != NO_ERROR) {
-                ALOGE("notifyPowerHint: failed to read hintId: %d", error);
+                ALOGE("notifyPowerBoost: failed to read boostId: %d", error);
                 return error;
             }
-            return notifyPowerHint(hintId);
+            return notifyPowerBoost(boostId);
         }
         case SET_GLOBAL_SHADOW_SETTINGS: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(ISurfaceComposer, data, reply);
diff --git a/libs/gui/OWNERS b/libs/gui/OWNERS
index c13401d..cbb4b97 100644
--- a/libs/gui/OWNERS
+++ b/libs/gui/OWNERS
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 adyabr@google.com
 akrulec@google.com
 alecmouri@google.com
+chaviw@google.com
+chrisforbes@google.com
 jessehall@google.com
-jwcai@google.com
 lpy@google.com
-marissaw@google.com
 mathias@google.com
 racarr@google.com
 steventhomas@google.com
 stoza@google.com
 vhau@google.com
+vishnun@google.com
+
+per-file EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp = svv@google.com
diff --git a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
index 2bf8ff7..a86eafa 100644
--- a/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/Surface.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
     mConnectedToCpu = false;
     mProducerControlledByApp = controlledByApp;
     mSwapIntervalZero = false;
-    mMaxBufferCount = 0;
+    mMaxBufferCount = NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
 }
 
 Surface::~Surface() {
@@ -1493,7 +1493,7 @@
     int result = mGraphicBufferProducer->getLastQueuedBuffer(&graphicBuffer, &spFence, matrix);
 
     if (graphicBuffer != nullptr) {
-        *buffer = reinterpret_cast<AHardwareBuffer*>(graphicBuffer.get());
+        *buffer = graphicBuffer->toAHardwareBuffer();
         AHardwareBuffer_acquire(*buffer);
     } else {
         *buffer = nullptr;
@@ -1585,6 +1585,7 @@
         mStickyTransform = 0;
         mAutoPrerotation = false;
         mEnableFrameTimestamps = false;
+        mMaxBufferCount = NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS;
 
         if (api == NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU) {
             mConnectedToCpu = false;
diff --git a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
index 5922f3a..16b46df 100644
--- a/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
@@ -353,6 +353,8 @@
         mTransactionNestCount(other.mTransactionNestCount),
         mAnimation(other.mAnimation),
         mEarlyWakeup(other.mEarlyWakeup),
+        mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart(other.mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart),
+        mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd(other.mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd),
         mContainsBuffer(other.mContainsBuffer),
         mDesiredPresentTime(other.mDesiredPresentTime) {
     mDisplayStates = other.mDisplayStates;
@@ -375,6 +377,8 @@
     const uint32_t transactionNestCount = parcel->readUint32();
     const bool animation = parcel->readBool();
     const bool earlyWakeup = parcel->readBool();
+    const bool explicitEarlyWakeupStart = parcel->readBool();
+    const bool explicitEarlyWakeupEnd = parcel->readBool();
     const bool containsBuffer = parcel->readBool();
     const int64_t desiredPresentTime = parcel->readInt64();
 
@@ -443,6 +447,8 @@
     mTransactionNestCount = transactionNestCount;
     mAnimation = animation;
     mEarlyWakeup = earlyWakeup;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart = explicitEarlyWakeupStart;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd = explicitEarlyWakeupEnd;
     mContainsBuffer = containsBuffer;
     mDesiredPresentTime = desiredPresentTime;
     mDisplayStates = displayStates;
@@ -470,6 +476,8 @@
     parcel->writeUint32(mTransactionNestCount);
     parcel->writeBool(mAnimation);
     parcel->writeBool(mEarlyWakeup);
+    parcel->writeBool(mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart);
+    parcel->writeBool(mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd);
     parcel->writeBool(mContainsBuffer);
     parcel->writeInt64(mDesiredPresentTime);
     parcel->writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(mDisplayStates.size()));
@@ -545,6 +553,8 @@
 
     mContainsBuffer |= other.mContainsBuffer;
     mEarlyWakeup = mEarlyWakeup || other.mEarlyWakeup;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart = mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart || other.mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd = mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd || other.mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd;
     other.clear();
     return *this;
 }
@@ -559,6 +569,8 @@
     mTransactionNestCount = 0;
     mAnimation = false;
     mEarlyWakeup = false;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart = false;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd = false;
     mDesiredPresentTime = -1;
 }
 
@@ -682,9 +694,20 @@
         flags |= ISurfaceComposer::eEarlyWakeup;
     }
 
+    // If both mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart and mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd are set
+    // it is equivalent for none
+    if (mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart && !mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd) {
+        flags |= ISurfaceComposer::eExplicitEarlyWakeupStart;
+    }
+    if (mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd && !mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart) {
+        flags |= ISurfaceComposer::eExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd;
+    }
+
     mForceSynchronous = false;
     mAnimation = false;
     mEarlyWakeup = false;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart = false;
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd = false;
 
     sp<IBinder> applyToken = IInterface::asBinder(TransactionCompletedListener::getIInstance());
     sf->setTransactionState(composerStates, displayStates, flags, applyToken, mInputWindowCommands,
@@ -731,6 +754,14 @@
     mEarlyWakeup = true;
 }
 
+void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setExplicitEarlyWakeupStart() {
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart = true;
+}
+
+void SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::setExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd() {
+    mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd = true;
+}
+
 layer_state_t* SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction::getLayerState(const sp<IBinder>& handle) {
     if (mComposerStates.count(handle) == 0) {
         // we don't have it, add an initialized layer_state to our list
@@ -1862,8 +1893,8 @@
     return ComposerService::getComposerService()->setDisplayBrightness(displayToken, brightness);
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceComposerClient::notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId) {
-    return ComposerService::getComposerService()->notifyPowerHint(hintId);
+status_t SurfaceComposerClient::notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId) {
+    return ComposerService::getComposerService()->notifyPowerBoost(boostId);
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceComposerClient::setGlobalShadowSettings(const half4& ambientColor,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
index b49fa1b..645714a 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/ISurfaceComposer.h
@@ -81,12 +81,20 @@
     // flags for setTransactionState()
     enum {
         eSynchronous = 0x01,
-        eAnimation   = 0x02,
+        eAnimation = 0x02,
 
-        // Indicates that this transaction will likely result in a lot of layers being composed, and
-        // thus, SurfaceFlinger should wake-up earlier to avoid missing frame deadlines. In this
-        // case SurfaceFlinger will wake up at (sf vsync offset - debug.sf.early_phase_offset_ns)
-        eEarlyWakeup = 0x04
+        // DEPRECATED - use eExplicitEarlyWakeup[Start|End]
+        eEarlyWakeup = 0x04,
+
+        // Explicit indication that this transaction and others to follow will likely result in a
+        // lot of layers being composed, and thus, SurfaceFlinger should wake-up earlier to avoid
+        // missing frame deadlines. In this case SurfaceFlinger will wake up at
+        // (sf vsync offset - debug.sf.early_phase_offset_ns). SurfaceFlinger will continue to be
+        // in the early configuration until it receives eExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd. These flags are
+        // expected to be used by WindowManager only and are guarded by
+        // android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER
+        eExplicitEarlyWakeupStart = 0x08,
+        eExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd = 0x10,
     };
 
     enum VsyncSource {
@@ -488,14 +496,14 @@
     virtual status_t setDisplayBrightness(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, float brightness) = 0;
 
     /*
-     * Sends a power hint to the composer. This function is asynchronous.
+     * Sends a power boost to the composer. This function is asynchronous.
      *
-     * hintId
-     *      hint id according to android::hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint
+     * boostId
+     *      boost id according to android::hardware::power::Boost
      *
      * Returns NO_ERROR upon success.
      */
-    virtual status_t notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId) = 0;
+    virtual status_t notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId) = 0;
 
     /*
      * Sets the global configuration for all the shadows drawn by SurfaceFlinger. Shadow follows
@@ -583,7 +591,7 @@
         GET_DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS_SUPPORT,
         SET_DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS,
         CAPTURE_SCREEN_BY_ID,
-        NOTIFY_POWER_HINT,
+        NOTIFY_POWER_BOOST,
         SET_GLOBAL_SHADOW_SETTINGS,
         GET_AUTO_LOW_LATENCY_MODE_SUPPORT,
         SET_AUTO_LOW_LATENCY_MODE,
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
index e981a39..eb757ba 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@
     static status_t setDisplayBrightness(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, float brightness);
 
     /*
-     * Sends a power hint to the composer. This function is asynchronous.
+     * Sends a power boost to the composer. This function is asynchronous.
      *
-     * hintId
-     *      hint id according to android::hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint
+     * boostId
+     *      boost id according to android::hardware::power::Boost
      *
      * Returns NO_ERROR upon success.
      */
-    static status_t notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId);
+    static status_t notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId);
 
     /*
      * Sets the global configuration for all the shadows drawn by SurfaceFlinger. Shadow follows
@@ -345,10 +345,12 @@
         std::unordered_map<sp<ITransactionCompletedListener>, CallbackInfo, TCLHash>
                 mListenerCallbacks;
 
-        uint32_t                    mForceSynchronous = 0;
-        uint32_t                    mTransactionNestCount = 0;
-        bool                        mAnimation = false;
-        bool                        mEarlyWakeup = false;
+        uint32_t mForceSynchronous = 0;
+        uint32_t mTransactionNestCount = 0;
+        bool mAnimation = false;
+        bool mEarlyWakeup = false;
+        bool mExplicitEarlyWakeupStart = false;
+        bool mExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd = false;
 
         // Indicates that the Transaction contains a buffer that should be cached
         bool mContainsBuffer = false;
@@ -547,6 +549,8 @@
         void setDisplaySize(const sp<IBinder>& token, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
         void setAnimationTransaction();
         void setEarlyWakeup();
+        void setExplicitEarlyWakeupStart();
+        void setExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd();
     };
 
     status_t clearLayerFrameStats(const sp<IBinder>& token) const;
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
index 5188a09..b1d3ecb 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/EndToEndNativeInputTest.cpp
@@ -104,6 +104,15 @@
         return std::make_unique<InputSurface>(surfaceControl, width, height);
     }
 
+    static std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> makeCursorInputSurface(
+            const sp<SurfaceComposerClient> &scc, int width, int height) {
+        sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl =
+                scc->createSurface(String8("Test Cursor Surface"), 0 /* bufHeight */,
+                                   0 /* bufWidth */, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                                   ISurfaceComposerClient::eCursorWindow);
+        return std::make_unique<InputSurface>(surfaceControl, width, height);
+    }
+
     InputEvent* consumeEvent() {
         waitForEventAvailable();
 
@@ -134,12 +143,14 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, mev->getAction());
         EXPECT_EQ(x, mev->getX(0));
         EXPECT_EQ(y, mev->getY(0));
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mev->getFlags() & VERIFIED_MOTION_EVENT_FLAGS);
 
         ev = consumeEvent();
         ASSERT_NE(ev, nullptr);
         ASSERT_EQ(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, ev->getType());
         mev = static_cast<MotionEvent*>(ev);
         EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, mev->getAction());
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mev->getFlags() & VERIFIED_MOTION_EVENT_FLAGS);
     }
 
     ~InputSurface() {
@@ -537,5 +548,18 @@
     injectTap(0, 0);
     surface->expectTap(1, 1);
 }
+
+TEST_F(InputSurfacesTest, input_ignores_cursor_layer) {
+    std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> surface = makeSurface(100, 100);
+    std::unique_ptr<InputSurface> cursorSurface =
+            InputSurface::makeCursorInputSurface(mComposerClient, 10, 10);
+
+    surface->showAt(10, 10);
+    surface->assertFocusChange(true);
+    cursorSurface->showAt(10, 10);
+
+    injectTap(11, 11);
+    surface->expectTap(1, 1);
+}
 }
 }
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
index c2b4ef9..6d92143 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/Surface_test.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <private/gui/ComposerService.h>
+#include <ui/BufferQueueDefs.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 
@@ -849,7 +850,7 @@
                                           float* /*outAppRequestRefreshRateMax*/) override {
         return NO_ERROR;
     };
-    status_t notifyPowerHint(int32_t /*hintId*/) override { return NO_ERROR; }
+    status_t notifyPowerBoost(int32_t /*boostId*/) override { return NO_ERROR; }
 
     status_t setGlobalShadowSettings(const half4& /*ambientColor*/, const half4& /*spotColor*/,
                                      float /*lightPosY*/, float /*lightPosZ*/,
@@ -1974,4 +1975,29 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, window->cancelBuffer(window.get(), buffer, fence));
 }
 
+TEST_F(SurfaceTest, DefaultMaxBufferCountSetAndUpdated) {
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
+    sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
+    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer);
+
+    sp<DummyConsumer> dummyConsumer(new DummyConsumer);
+    consumer->consumerConnect(dummyConsumer, false);
+
+    sp<Surface> surface = new Surface(producer);
+    sp<ANativeWindow> window(surface);
+
+    int count = -1;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, window->query(window.get(), NATIVE_WINDOW_MAX_BUFFER_COUNT, &count));
+    EXPECT_EQ(BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS, count);
+
+    consumer->setMaxBufferCount(10);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, native_window_api_connect(window.get(), NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU));
+    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, window->query(window.get(), NATIVE_WINDOW_MAX_BUFFER_COUNT, &count));
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, count);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, native_window_api_disconnect(window.get(), NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU));
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, window->query(window.get(), NATIVE_WINDOW_MAX_BUFFER_COUNT, &count));
+    EXPECT_EQ(BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS, count);
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/input/Android.bp b/libs/input/Android.bp
index 8efaf3d..7037680 100644
--- a/libs/input/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/input/Android.bp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
 
     clang: true,
 
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["jni_headers"],
+
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
diff --git a/libs/input/Input.cpp b/libs/input/Input.cpp
index c243767..31aa685 100644
--- a/libs/input/Input.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/Input.cpp
@@ -169,6 +169,18 @@
     mEventTime = from.mEventTime;
 }
 
+const char* KeyEvent::actionToString(int32_t action) {
+    // Convert KeyEvent action to string
+    switch (action) {
+        case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
+            return "DOWN";
+        case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
+            return "UP";
+        case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_MULTIPLE:
+            return "MULTIPLE";
+    }
+    return "UNKNOWN";
+}
 
 // --- PointerCoords ---
 
@@ -678,6 +690,25 @@
     return getAxisByLabel(label);
 }
 
+const char* MotionEvent::actionToString(int32_t action) {
+    // Convert MotionEvent action to string
+    switch (action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK) {
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
+            return "DOWN";
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
+            return "MOVE";
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
+            return "UP";
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL:
+            return "CANCEL";
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
+            return "POINTER_DOWN";
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP:
+            return "POINTER_UP";
+    }
+    return "UNKNOWN";
+}
+
 // --- FocusEvent ---
 
 void FocusEvent::initialize(int32_t id, bool hasFocus, bool inTouchMode) {
diff --git a/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp b/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
index 85a2015..0455022 100644
--- a/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/InputWindow.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "InputWindow"
 #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
-#include <input/InputWindow.h>
 #include <input/InputTransport.h>
+#include <input/InputWindow.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
@@ -28,6 +29,118 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+const char* inputWindowFlagToString(uint32_t flag) {
+    switch (flag) {
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_ALLOW_LOCK_WHILE_SCREEN_ON: {
+            return "ALLOW_LOCK_WHILE_SCREEN_ON";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_DIM_BEHIND: {
+            return "DIM_BEHIND";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_BLUR_BEHIND: {
+            return "BLUR_BEHIND";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE: {
+            return "NOT_FOCUSABLE";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE: {
+            return "NOT_TOUCHABLE";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL: {
+            return "NOT_TOUCH_MODAL";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_TOUCHABLE_WHEN_WAKING: {
+            return "TOUCHABLE_WHEN_WAKING";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON: {
+            return "KEEP_SCREEN_ON";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN: {
+            return "LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_LAYOUT_NO_LIMITS: {
+            return "LAYOUT_NO_LIMITS";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_FULLSCREEN: {
+            return "FULLSCREEN";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_FORCE_NOT_FULLSCREEN: {
+            return "FORCE_NOT_FULLSCREEN";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_DITHER: {
+            return "DITHER";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SECURE: {
+            return "SECURE";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SCALED: {
+            return "SCALED";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_IGNORE_CHEEK_PRESSES: {
+            return "IGNORE_CHEEK_PRESSES";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR: {
+            return "LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_ALT_FOCUSABLE_IM: {
+            return "ALT_FOCUSABLE_IM";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH: {
+            return "WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SHOW_WHEN_LOCKED: {
+            return "SHOW_WHEN_LOCKED";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER: {
+            return "SHOW_WALLPAPER";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_TURN_SCREEN_ON: {
+            return "TURN_SCREEN_ON";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_DISMISS_KEYGUARD: {
+            return "DISMISS_KEYGUARD";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH: {
+            return "SPLIT_TOUCH";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED: {
+            return "HARDWARE_ACCELERATED";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_OVERSCAN: {
+            return "LAYOUT_IN_OVERSCAN";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS: {
+            return "TRANSLUCENT_STATUS";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION: {
+            return "TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_LOCAL_FOCUS_MODE: {
+            return "LOCAL_FOCUS_MODE";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SLIPPERY: {
+            return "SLIPPERY";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_LAYOUT_ATTACHED_IN_DECOR: {
+            return "LAYOUT_ATTACHED_IN_DECOR";
+        }
+        case InputWindowInfo::FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS: {
+            return "DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS";
+        }
+    }
+    return "UNKNOWN";
+}
+
+std::string inputWindowFlagsToString(uint32_t flags) {
+    std::string result;
+    for (BitSet32 bits(flags); !bits.isEmpty();) {
+        uint32_t bit = bits.clearLastMarkedBit(); // counts from left
+        const uint32_t flag = 1 << (32 - bit - 1);
+        result += android::base::StringPrintf("%s | ", inputWindowFlagToString(flag));
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 // --- InputWindowInfo ---
 void InputWindowInfo::addTouchableRegion(const Rect& region) {
     touchableRegion.orSelf(region);
@@ -42,20 +155,6 @@
             && y >= frameTop && y < frameBottom;
 }
 
-// TODO(b/155781676): Remove and replace call points with trustedOverlay when that is ready.
-bool InputWindowInfo::isTrustedOverlay() const {
-    return layoutParamsType == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD || layoutParamsType == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD_DIALOG ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_MAGNIFICATION_OVERLAY || layoutParamsType == TYPE_STATUS_BAR ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_NOTIFICATION_SHADE ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_NAVIGATION_BAR ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_NAVIGATION_BAR_PANEL ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_SECURE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_DOCK_DIVIDER ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_INPUT_CONSUMER ||
-            layoutParamsType == TYPE_TRUSTED_APPLICATION_OVERLAY;
-}
-
 bool InputWindowInfo::supportsSplitTouch() const {
     return layoutParamsFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH;
 }
@@ -92,6 +191,7 @@
     output.writeBool(hasFocus);
     output.writeBool(hasWallpaper);
     output.writeBool(paused);
+    output.writeBool(trustedOverlay);
     output.writeInt32(ownerPid);
     output.writeInt32(ownerUid);
     output.writeInt32(inputFeatures);
@@ -130,6 +230,7 @@
     ret.hasFocus = from.readBool();
     ret.hasWallpaper = from.readBool();
     ret.paused = from.readBool();
+    ret.trustedOverlay = from.readBool();
     ret.ownerPid = from.readInt32();
     ret.ownerUid = from.readInt32();
     ret.inputFeatures = from.readInt32();
diff --git a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
index c6cc4fc..7c28ac5 100644
--- a/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/VelocityTracker.cpp
@@ -104,107 +104,73 @@
 
 // --- VelocityTracker ---
 
-// The default velocity tracker strategy.
-// Although other strategies are available for testing and comparison purposes,
-// this is the strategy that applications will actually use.  Be very careful
-// when adjusting the default strategy because it can dramatically affect
-// (often in a bad way) the user experience.
-const char* VelocityTracker::DEFAULT_STRATEGY = "lsq2";
-
-VelocityTracker::VelocityTracker(const char* strategy) :
-        mLastEventTime(0), mCurrentPointerIdBits(0), mActivePointerId(-1) {
-    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-
-    // Allow the default strategy to be overridden using a system property for debugging.
-    if (!strategy) {
-        int length = property_get("persist.input.velocitytracker.strategy", value, nullptr);
-        if (length > 0) {
-            strategy = value;
-        } else {
-            strategy = DEFAULT_STRATEGY;
-        }
-    }
-
+VelocityTracker::VelocityTracker(const Strategy strategy)
+      : mLastEventTime(0), mCurrentPointerIdBits(0), mActivePointerId(-1) {
     // Configure the strategy.
     if (!configureStrategy(strategy)) {
-        ALOGD("Unrecognized velocity tracker strategy name '%s'.", strategy);
-        if (!configureStrategy(DEFAULT_STRATEGY)) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Could not create the default velocity tracker strategy '%s'!",
-                    strategy);
+        ALOGE("Unrecognized velocity tracker strategy %" PRId32 ".", strategy);
+        if (!configureStrategy(VelocityTracker::DEFAULT_STRATEGY)) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Could not create the default velocity tracker strategy '%" PRId32
+                             "'!",
+                             strategy);
         }
     }
 }
 
 VelocityTracker::~VelocityTracker() {
-    delete mStrategy;
 }
 
-bool VelocityTracker::configureStrategy(const char* strategy) {
-    mStrategy = createStrategy(strategy);
+bool VelocityTracker::configureStrategy(Strategy strategy) {
+    if (strategy == VelocityTracker::Strategy::DEFAULT) {
+        mStrategy = createStrategy(VelocityTracker::DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+    } else {
+        mStrategy = createStrategy(strategy);
+    }
     return mStrategy != nullptr;
 }
 
-VelocityTrackerStrategy* VelocityTracker::createStrategy(const char* strategy) {
-    if (!strcmp("impulse", strategy)) {
-        // Physical model of pushing an object.  Quality: VERY GOOD.
-        // Works with duplicate coordinates, unclean finger liftoff.
-        return new ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy();
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("lsq1", strategy)) {
-        // 1st order least squares.  Quality: POOR.
-        // Frequently underfits the touch data especially when the finger accelerates
-        // or changes direction.  Often underestimates velocity.  The direction
-        // is overly influenced by historical touch points.
-        return new LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(1);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("lsq2", strategy)) {
-        // 2nd order least squares.  Quality: VERY GOOD.
-        // Pretty much ideal, but can be confused by certain kinds of touch data,
-        // particularly if the panel has a tendency to generate delayed,
-        // duplicate or jittery touch coordinates when the finger is released.
-        return new LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(2);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("lsq3", strategy)) {
-        // 3rd order least squares.  Quality: UNUSABLE.
-        // Frequently overfits the touch data yielding wildly divergent estimates
-        // of the velocity when the finger is released.
-        return new LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(3);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("wlsq2-delta", strategy)) {
-        // 2nd order weighted least squares, delta weighting.  Quality: EXPERIMENTAL
-        return new LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(2,
-                LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::WEIGHTING_DELTA);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("wlsq2-central", strategy)) {
-        // 2nd order weighted least squares, central weighting.  Quality: EXPERIMENTAL
-        return new LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(2,
-                LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::WEIGHTING_CENTRAL);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("wlsq2-recent", strategy)) {
-        // 2nd order weighted least squares, recent weighting.  Quality: EXPERIMENTAL
-        return new LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy(2,
-                LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::WEIGHTING_RECENT);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("int1", strategy)) {
-        // 1st order integrating filter.  Quality: GOOD.
-        // Not as good as 'lsq2' because it cannot estimate acceleration but it is
-        // more tolerant of errors.  Like 'lsq1', this strategy tends to underestimate
-        // the velocity of a fling but this strategy tends to respond to changes in
-        // direction more quickly and accurately.
-        return new IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy(1);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("int2", strategy)) {
-        // 2nd order integrating filter.  Quality: EXPERIMENTAL.
-        // For comparison purposes only.  Unlike 'int1' this strategy can compensate
-        // for acceleration but it typically overestimates the effect.
-        return new IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy(2);
-    }
-    if (!strcmp("legacy", strategy)) {
-        // Legacy velocity tracker algorithm.  Quality: POOR.
-        // For comparison purposes only.  This algorithm is strongly influenced by
-        // old data points, consistently underestimates velocity and takes a very long
-        // time to adjust to changes in direction.
-        return new LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy();
+std::unique_ptr<VelocityTrackerStrategy> VelocityTracker::createStrategy(
+        VelocityTracker::Strategy strategy) {
+    switch (strategy) {
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE:
+            return std::make_unique<ImpulseVelocityTrackerStrategy>();
+
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ1:
+            return std::make_unique<LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(1);
+
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2:
+            return std::make_unique<LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2);
+
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ3:
+            return std::make_unique<LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(3);
+
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::WLSQ2_DELTA:
+            return std::make_unique<
+                    LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2,
+                                                         LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::
+                                                                 WEIGHTING_DELTA);
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::WLSQ2_CENTRAL:
+            return std::make_unique<
+                    LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2,
+                                                         LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::
+                                                                 WEIGHTING_CENTRAL);
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::WLSQ2_RECENT:
+            return std::make_unique<
+                    LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2,
+                                                         LeastSquaresVelocityTrackerStrategy::
+                                                                 WEIGHTING_RECENT);
+
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::INT1:
+            return std::make_unique<IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy>(1);
+
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::INT2:
+            return std::make_unique<IntegratingVelocityTrackerStrategy>(2);
+
+        case VelocityTracker::Strategy::LEGACY:
+            return std::make_unique<LegacyVelocityTrackerStrategy>();
+
+        default:
+            break;
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
diff --git a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
index bf452c0..249d9d4 100644
--- a/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/input/tests/VelocityTracker_test.cpp
@@ -191,8 +191,9 @@
     return events;
 }
 
-static void computeAndCheckVelocity(const char* strategy,
-        const std::vector<MotionEventEntry>& motions, int32_t axis, float targetVelocity) {
+static void computeAndCheckVelocity(const VelocityTracker::Strategy strategy,
+                                    const std::vector<MotionEventEntry>& motions, int32_t axis,
+                                    float targetVelocity) {
     VelocityTracker vt(strategy);
     float Vx, Vy;
 
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@
 
 static void computeAndCheckQuadraticEstimate(const std::vector<MotionEventEntry>& motions,
         const std::array<float, 3>& coefficients) {
-    VelocityTracker vt("lsq2");
+    VelocityTracker vt(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2);
     std::vector<MotionEvent> events = createMotionEventStream(motions);
     for (MotionEvent event : events) {
         vt.addMovement(&event);
@@ -243,7 +244,8 @@
         {14730us, {{293, NAN}}},
         {14730us, {{293, NAN}}}, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 1600);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            1600);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VelocityTrackerTest, ThreePointsZeroVelocityTest) {
@@ -254,8 +256,8 @@
         { 11283us, {{293, NAN}} },
         { 11283us, {{293, NAN}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VelocityTrackerTest, ThreePointsLinearVelocityTest) {
@@ -266,8 +268,8 @@
         { 20ms, {{10, NAN}} },
         { 20ms, {{10, NAN}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 500);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 500);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 500);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 500);
 }
 
 
@@ -297,8 +299,10 @@
         { 96948871ns, {{274.79245, 428.113159}} },
         { 96948871ns, {{274.79245, 428.113159}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 623.577637);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 5970.7309);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            623.577637);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            5970.7309);
 }
 
 // --------------- Recorded by hand on sailfish, generated by a script -----------------------------
@@ -339,10 +343,14 @@
         { 235089162955851ns, {{560.66, 843.82}} },
         { 235089162955851ns, {{560.66, 843.82}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 872.794617);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 951.698181);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse",motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -3604.819336);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -3044.966064);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            872.794617);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            951.698181);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -3604.819336);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -3044.966064);
 }
 
 
@@ -368,8 +376,10 @@
         { 235110660368000ns, {{530.00, 980.00}} },
         { 235110660368000ns, {{530.00, 980.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -4096.583008);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -3455.094238);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -4096.583008);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -3455.094238);
 }
 
 
@@ -396,10 +406,14 @@
         { 792629200000ns, {{619.00, 1115.00}} },
         { 792629200000ns, {{619.00, 1115.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 574.33429);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 617.40564);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -2361.982666);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -2500.055664);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            574.33429);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            617.40564);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -2361.982666);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -2500.055664);
 }
 
 
@@ -426,10 +440,14 @@
         { 235160520366000ns, {{679.00, 814.00}} },
         { 235160520366000ns, {{679.00, 814.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 1274.141724);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 1438.53186);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -3001.4348);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -3695.859619);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            1274.141724);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            1438.53186);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -3001.4348);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -3695.859619);
 }
 
 
@@ -452,8 +470,10 @@
         { 847237986000ns, {{610.00, 1095.00}} },
         { 847237986000ns, {{610.00, 1095.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -4280.07959);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -4241.004395);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -4280.07959);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -4241.004395);
 }
 
 
@@ -476,8 +496,10 @@
         { 235200616933000ns, {{590.00, 844.00}} },
         { 235200616933000ns, {{590.00, 844.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -8715.686523);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -7639.026367);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -8715.686523);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -7639.026367);
 }
 
 
@@ -499,10 +521,14 @@
         { 920989261000ns, {{715.00, 903.00}} },
         { 920989261000ns, {{715.00, 903.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 5670.329102);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 5991.866699);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -13021.101562);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -15093.995117);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            5670.329102);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            5991.866699);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -13021.101562);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -15093.995117);
 }
 
 
@@ -522,8 +548,10 @@
         { 235247220736000ns, {{620.00, 641.00}} },
         { 235247220736000ns, {{620.00, 641.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -20286.958984);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -20494.587891);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -20286.958984);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -20494.587891);
 }
 
 
@@ -541,8 +569,10 @@
         { 235302613019881ns, {{679.26, 526.73}} },
         { 235302613019881ns, {{679.26, 526.73}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -39295.941406);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -36461.421875);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -39295.941406);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            -36461.421875);
 }
 
 
@@ -569,10 +599,14 @@
         { 235655842893000ns, {{563.00, 649.00}} },
         { 235655842893000ns, {{563.00, 649.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -419.749695);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -398.303894);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 3309.016357);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 3969.099854);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -419.749695);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -398.303894);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            3309.016357);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            3969.099854);
 }
 
 
@@ -599,10 +633,14 @@
         { 235671246532000ns, {{470.00, 799.00}} },
         { 235671246532000ns, {{470.00, 799.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -262.80426);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -243.665344);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 4215.682129);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 4587.986816);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -262.80426);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -243.665344);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            4215.682129);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            4587.986816);
 }
 
 
@@ -622,10 +660,14 @@
         { 171051052000ns, {{536.00, 586.00}} },
         { 171051052000ns, {{536.00, 586.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -723.413513);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -651.038452);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 2091.502441);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 1934.517456);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -723.413513);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -651.038452);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            2091.502441);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            1934.517456);
 }
 
 
@@ -652,8 +694,10 @@
         { 235695373403000ns, {{564.00, 744.00}} },
         { 235695373403000ns, {{564.00, 744.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 4254.639648);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 4698.415039);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            4254.639648);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            4698.415039);
 }
 
 
@@ -677,10 +721,14 @@
         { 235709710626776ns, {{511.72, 741.85}} },
         { 235709710626776ns, {{511.72, 741.85}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -430.440247);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -447.600311);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 3953.859375);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 4316.155273);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -430.440247);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -447.600311);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            3953.859375);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            4316.155273);
 }
 
 
@@ -706,8 +754,10 @@
         { 235727721580000ns, {{516.00, 658.00}} },
         { 235727721580000ns, {{516.00, 658.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 4484.617676);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 4927.92627);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            4484.617676);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            4927.92627);
 }
 
 
@@ -725,8 +775,10 @@
         { 235762396429369ns, {{404.37, 680.67}} },
         { 235762396429369ns, {{404.37, 680.67}} }, //ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 14227.0224);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 16064.685547);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            14227.0224);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            16064.685547);
 }
 
 
@@ -744,8 +796,10 @@
         { 235772537635000ns, {{484.00, 589.00}} },
         { 235772537635000ns, {{484.00, 589.00}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 18660.048828);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 16918.439453);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            18660.048828);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            16918.439453);
 }
 
 
@@ -764,10 +818,14 @@
         { 507703352649ns, {{443.71, 857.77}} },
         { 507703352649ns, {{443.71, 857.77}} }, // ACTION_UP
     };
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -4111.8173);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -6388.48877);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 29765.908203);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 28354.796875);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -4111.8173);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X,
+                            -6388.48877);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            29765.908203);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y,
+                            28354.796875);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -789,10 +847,10 @@
 
     // Velocity should actually be zero, but we expect 0.016 here instead.
     // This is close enough to zero, and is likely caused by division by a very small number.
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -0.016);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("lsq2", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -0.016);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
-    computeAndCheckVelocity("impulse", motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, -0.016);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::LSQ2, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, -0.016);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
+    computeAndCheckVelocity(VelocityTracker::Strategy::IMPULSE, motions, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/libs/math/Android.bp b/libs/math/Android.bp
index 3b1edcb..22d4712 100644
--- a/libs/math/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/math/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@
     min_sdk_version: "29",
 
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    target:  {
+        windows: {
+            enabled: true,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 subdirs = ["tests"]
diff --git a/libs/math/include/math/half.h b/libs/math/include/math/half.h
index 7682973..617a0ab 100644
--- a/libs/math/include/math/half.h
+++ b/libs/math/include/math/half.h
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
     };
 
 public:
+    CONSTEXPR half() noexcept { }
     CONSTEXPR half(float v) noexcept : mBits(ftoh(v)) { }
     CONSTEXPR operator float() const noexcept { return htof(mBits); }
 
diff --git a/libs/math/tests/half_test.cpp b/libs/math/tests/half_test.cpp
index 496a7ef..604072e 100644
--- a/libs/math/tests/half_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/math/tests/half_test.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(2UL, sizeof(half));
 
     // test +/- zero
+    EXPECT_EQ(0x0000, half().getBits());
     EXPECT_EQ(0x0000, half( 0.0f).getBits());
     EXPECT_EQ(0x8000, half(-0.0f).getBits());
 
diff --git a/libs/nativebase/Android.bp b/libs/nativebase/Android.bp
index 9e7e4a2..8399e8c 100644
--- a/libs/nativebase/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/nativebase/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
     name: "libnativebase_headers",
     vendor_available: true,
     host_supported: true,
+    // TODO(b/153609531): remove when no longer needed.
+    native_bridge_supported: true,
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     target: {
diff --git a/libs/nativewindow/Android.bp b/libs/nativewindow/Android.bp
index ee006aa..52d73e0 100644
--- a/libs/nativewindow/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/nativewindow/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
     name: "libnativewindow_headers",
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     vendor_available: true,
+    // TODO(b/153609531): remove when no longer needed.
+    native_bridge_supported: true,
     min_sdk_version: "29",
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
index eb6080f..3dcb498 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/Android.bp
@@ -64,6 +64,13 @@
     ],
 }
 
+filegroup {
+    name: "librenderengine_threaded_sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "librenderengine",
     defaults: ["librenderengine_defaults"],
@@ -80,6 +87,7 @@
     srcs: [
         ":librenderengine_sources",
         ":librenderengine_gl_sources",
+        ":librenderengine_threaded_sources",
     ],
     lto: {
         thin: true,
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
index 0fdf093..c3fbb60 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/RenderEngine.cpp
@@ -20,19 +20,34 @@
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <private/gui/SyncFeatures.h>
 #include "gl/GLESRenderEngine.h"
+#include "threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace renderengine {
 
-std::unique_ptr<impl::RenderEngine> RenderEngine::create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
+std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> RenderEngine::create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args) {
+    RenderEngineType renderEngineType = args.renderEngineType;
+
+    // Keep the ability to override by PROPERTIES:
     char prop[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    property_get(PROPERTY_DEBUG_RENDERENGINE_BACKEND, prop, "gles");
+    property_get(PROPERTY_DEBUG_RENDERENGINE_BACKEND, prop, "");
     if (strcmp(prop, "gles") == 0) {
-        ALOGD("RenderEngine GLES Backend");
-        return renderengine::gl::GLESRenderEngine::create(args);
+        renderEngineType = RenderEngineType::GLES;
     }
-    ALOGE("UNKNOWN BackendType: %s, create GLES RenderEngine.", prop);
-    return renderengine::gl::GLESRenderEngine::create(args);
+    if (strcmp(prop, "threaded") == 0) {
+        renderEngineType = RenderEngineType::THREADED;
+    }
+
+    switch (renderEngineType) {
+        case RenderEngineType::THREADED:
+            ALOGD("Threaded RenderEngine with GLES Backend");
+            return renderengine::threaded::RenderEngineThreaded::create(
+                    [args]() { return android::renderengine::gl::GLESRenderEngine::create(args); });
+        case RenderEngineType::GLES:
+        default:
+            ALOGD("RenderEngine with GLES Backend");
+            return renderengine::gl::GLESRenderEngine::create(args);
+    }
 }
 
 RenderEngine::~RenderEngine() = default;
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
index 92e7e71..d102696 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.cpp
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@
 
 status_t GLESRenderEngine::drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
                                       const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                      ANativeWindowBuffer* const buffer,
+                                      const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
                                       const bool useFramebufferCache, base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
                                       base::unique_fd* drawFence) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -1019,7 +1019,9 @@
     const auto blurLayersSize = blurLayers.size();
 
     if (blurLayersSize == 0) {
-        fbo = std::make_unique<BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer>(*this, buffer, useFramebufferCache);
+        fbo = std::make_unique<BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer>(*this,
+                                                              buffer.get()->getNativeBuffer(),
+                                                              useFramebufferCache);
         if (fbo->getStatus() != NO_ERROR) {
             ALOGE("Failed to bind framebuffer! Aborting GPU composition for buffer (%p).",
                   buffer->handle);
@@ -1076,7 +1078,9 @@
 
             if (blurLayers.size() == 0) {
                 // Done blurring, time to bind the native FBO and render our blur onto it.
-                fbo = std::make_unique<BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer>(*this, buffer,
+                fbo = std::make_unique<BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer>(*this,
+                                                                      buffer.get()
+                                                                              ->getNativeBuffer(),
                                                                       useFramebufferCache);
                 status = fbo->getStatus();
                 setViewportAndProjection(display.physicalDisplay, display.clip);
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
index 42b8537..9ab5ee6 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/gl/GLESRenderEngine.h
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
     bool useProtectedContext(bool useProtectedContext) override;
     status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
                         const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                        ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+                        const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
                         base::unique_fd&& bufferFence, base::unique_fd* drawFence) override;
     bool cleanupPostRender() override;
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
index e06e128..b137023 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/RenderEngine.h
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@
 class Texture;
 struct RenderEngineCreationArgs;
 
+namespace threaded {
+class RenderEngineThreaded;
+}
+
 namespace impl {
 class RenderEngine;
 }
@@ -67,7 +71,12 @@
         HIGH = 3,
     };
 
-    static std::unique_ptr<impl::RenderEngine> create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args);
+    enum class RenderEngineType {
+        GLES = 1,
+        THREADED = 2,
+    };
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<RenderEngine> create(const RenderEngineCreationArgs& args);
 
     virtual ~RenderEngine() = 0;
 
@@ -163,7 +172,7 @@
     // now, this always returns NO_ERROR.
     virtual status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
                                 const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
-                                ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
                                 base::unique_fd&& bufferFence, base::unique_fd* drawFence) = 0;
 
 protected:
@@ -174,6 +183,7 @@
     // live longer than RenderEngine.
     virtual Framebuffer* getFramebufferForDrawing() = 0;
     friend class BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer;
+    friend class threaded::RenderEngineThreaded;
 };
 
 struct RenderEngineCreationArgs {
@@ -184,26 +194,25 @@
     bool precacheToneMapperShaderOnly;
     bool supportsBackgroundBlur;
     RenderEngine::ContextPriority contextPriority;
+    RenderEngine::RenderEngineType renderEngineType;
 
     struct Builder;
 
 private:
     // must be created by Builder via constructor with full argument list
-    RenderEngineCreationArgs(
-            int _pixelFormat,
-            uint32_t _imageCacheSize,
-            bool _useColorManagement,
-            bool _enableProtectedContext,
-            bool _precacheToneMapperShaderOnly,
-            bool _supportsBackgroundBlur,
-            RenderEngine::ContextPriority _contextPriority)
-        : pixelFormat(_pixelFormat)
-        , imageCacheSize(_imageCacheSize)
-        , useColorManagement(_useColorManagement)
-        , enableProtectedContext(_enableProtectedContext)
-        , precacheToneMapperShaderOnly(_precacheToneMapperShaderOnly)
-        , supportsBackgroundBlur(_supportsBackgroundBlur)
-        , contextPriority(_contextPriority) {}
+    RenderEngineCreationArgs(int _pixelFormat, uint32_t _imageCacheSize, bool _useColorManagement,
+                             bool _enableProtectedContext, bool _precacheToneMapperShaderOnly,
+                             bool _supportsBackgroundBlur,
+                             RenderEngine::ContextPriority _contextPriority,
+                             RenderEngine::RenderEngineType _renderEngineType)
+          : pixelFormat(_pixelFormat),
+            imageCacheSize(_imageCacheSize),
+            useColorManagement(_useColorManagement),
+            enableProtectedContext(_enableProtectedContext),
+            precacheToneMapperShaderOnly(_precacheToneMapperShaderOnly),
+            supportsBackgroundBlur(_supportsBackgroundBlur),
+            contextPriority(_contextPriority),
+            renderEngineType(_renderEngineType) {}
     RenderEngineCreationArgs() = delete;
 };
 
@@ -238,10 +247,14 @@
         this->contextPriority = contextPriority;
         return *this;
     }
+    Builder& setRenderEngineType(RenderEngine::RenderEngineType renderEngineType) {
+        this->renderEngineType = renderEngineType;
+        return *this;
+    }
     RenderEngineCreationArgs build() const {
         return RenderEngineCreationArgs(pixelFormat, imageCacheSize, useColorManagement,
                                         enableProtectedContext, precacheToneMapperShaderOnly,
-                                        supportsBackgroundBlur, contextPriority);
+                                        supportsBackgroundBlur, contextPriority, renderEngineType);
     }
 
 private:
@@ -253,6 +266,7 @@
     bool precacheToneMapperShaderOnly = false;
     bool supportsBackgroundBlur = false;
     RenderEngine::ContextPriority contextPriority = RenderEngine::ContextPriority::MEDIUM;
+    RenderEngine::RenderEngineType renderEngineType = RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES;
 };
 
 class BindNativeBufferAsFramebuffer {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
index df0f17a..d0343ba 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
+++ b/libs/renderengine/include/renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@
     MOCK_METHOD0(cleanupPostRender, bool());
     MOCK_METHOD6(drawLayers,
                  status_t(const DisplaySettings&, const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>&,
-                          ANativeWindowBuffer*, const bool, base::unique_fd&&, base::unique_fd*));
+                          const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                          base::unique_fd*));
 };
 
 } // namespace mock
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp b/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp
index e98babc..bcf389b 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/Android.bp
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     srcs: [
         "RenderEngineTest.cpp",
+        "RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libgmock",
         "librenderengine",
+        "librenderengine_mocks",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
index 16a8a0d..77b6c0f 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include "../gl/GLESRenderEngine.h"
+#include "../threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h"
 
 constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 128;
 constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 256;
@@ -40,14 +41,15 @@
     static void SetUpTestSuite() {
         sRE = renderengine::gl::GLESRenderEngine::create(
                 renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs::Builder()
-                    .setPixelFormat(static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888))
-                    .setImageCacheSize(1)
-                    .setUseColorManagerment(false)
-                    .setEnableProtectedContext(false)
-                    .setPrecacheToneMapperShaderOnly(false)
-                    .setSupportsBackgroundBlur(true)
-                    .setContextPriority(renderengine::RenderEngine::ContextPriority::MEDIUM)
-        .build());
+                        .setPixelFormat(static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888))
+                        .setImageCacheSize(1)
+                        .setUseColorManagerment(false)
+                        .setEnableProtectedContext(false)
+                        .setPrecacheToneMapperShaderOnly(false)
+                        .setSupportsBackgroundBlur(true)
+                        .setContextPriority(renderengine::RenderEngine::ContextPriority::MEDIUM)
+                        .setRenderEngineType(renderengine::RenderEngine::RenderEngineType::GLES)
+                        .build());
     }
 
     static void TearDownTestSuite() {
@@ -252,8 +254,8 @@
                     std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers,
                     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer) {
         base::unique_fd fence;
-        status_t status = sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, buffer->getNativeBuffer(), true,
-                                          base::unique_fd(), &fence);
+        status_t status =
+                sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, buffer, true, base::unique_fd(), &fence);
         sCurrentBuffer = buffer;
 
         int fd = fence.release();
@@ -1004,8 +1006,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 1.0;
     layers.push_back(&layer);
 
-    status_t status = sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), true,
-                                      base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+    status_t status = sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
     sCurrentBuffer = mBuffer;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
     expectBufferColor(fullscreenRect(), 255, 0, 0, 255);
@@ -1023,8 +1024,7 @@
     layer.alpha = 1.0;
     layers.push_back(&layer);
 
-    status_t status = sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), false,
-                                      base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
+    status_t status = sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, false, base::unique_fd(), nullptr);
     sCurrentBuffer = mBuffer;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, status);
     ASSERT_FALSE(sRE->isFramebufferImageCachedForTesting(mBuffer->getId()));
@@ -1414,11 +1414,9 @@
     layers.push_back(&layer);
 
     base::unique_fd fenceOne;
-    sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), true, base::unique_fd(),
-                    &fenceOne);
+    sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, base::unique_fd(), &fenceOne);
     base::unique_fd fenceTwo;
-    sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), true, std::move(fenceOne),
-                    &fenceTwo);
+    sRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, mBuffer, true, std::move(fenceOne), &fenceTwo);
 
     const int fd = fenceTwo.get();
     if (fd >= 0) {
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69a0e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
+#include "../threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+using testing::_;
+using testing::Eq;
+using testing::Mock;
+using testing::Return;
+
+struct RenderEngineThreadedTest : public ::testing::Test {
+    ~RenderEngineThreadedTest() {}
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mThreadedRE = renderengine::threaded::RenderEngineThreaded::create(
+                [this]() { return std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine); });
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<renderengine::threaded::RenderEngineThreaded> mThreadedRE;
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
+};
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, dump) {
+    std::string testString = "XYZ";
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, dump(_));
+    mThreadedRE->dump(testString);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, primeCache) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, primeCache());
+    mThreadedRE->primeCache();
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, genTextures) {
+    uint32_t texName;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, genTextures(1, &texName));
+    mThreadedRE->genTextures(1, &texName);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, deleteTextures) {
+    uint32_t texName;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, deleteTextures(1, &texName));
+    mThreadedRE->deleteTextures(1, &texName);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, bindExternalBuffer_nullptrBuffer) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, bindExternalTextureBuffer(0, Eq(nullptr), Eq(nullptr)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(BAD_VALUE));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->bindExternalTextureBuffer(0, nullptr, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, bindExternalBuffer_withBuffer) {
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf = new GraphicBuffer();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, bindExternalTextureBuffer(0, buf, Eq(nullptr)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->bindExternalTextureBuffer(0, buf, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, cacheExternalTextureBuffer_nullptr) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, cacheExternalTextureBuffer(Eq(nullptr)));
+    mThreadedRE->cacheExternalTextureBuffer(nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, cacheExternalTextureBuffer_withBuffer) {
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf = new GraphicBuffer();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, cacheExternalTextureBuffer(buf));
+    mThreadedRE->cacheExternalTextureBuffer(buf);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, unbindExternalTextureBuffer) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, unbindExternalTextureBuffer(0x0));
+    mThreadedRE->unbindExternalTextureBuffer(0x0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, bindFrameBuffer_returnsBadValue) {
+    std::unique_ptr<renderengine::Framebuffer> framebuffer;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, bindFrameBuffer(framebuffer.get())).WillOnce(Return(BAD_VALUE));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->bindFrameBuffer(framebuffer.get());
+    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, bindFrameBuffer_returnsNoError) {
+    std::unique_ptr<renderengine::Framebuffer> framebuffer;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, bindFrameBuffer(framebuffer.get())).WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->bindFrameBuffer(framebuffer.get());
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, unbindFrameBuffer) {
+    std::unique_ptr<renderengine::Framebuffer> framebuffer;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, unbindFrameBuffer(framebuffer.get()));
+    mThreadedRE->unbindFrameBuffer(framebuffer.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, getMaxTextureSize_returns20) {
+    size_t size = 20;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, getMaxTextureSize()).WillOnce(Return(size));
+    size_t result = mThreadedRE->getMaxTextureSize();
+    ASSERT_EQ(size, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, getMaxTextureSize_returns0) {
+    size_t size = 0;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, getMaxTextureSize()).WillOnce(Return(size));
+    size_t result = mThreadedRE->getMaxTextureSize();
+    ASSERT_EQ(size, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, getMaxViewportDims_returns20) {
+    size_t dims = 20;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, getMaxViewportDims()).WillOnce(Return(dims));
+    size_t result = mThreadedRE->getMaxViewportDims();
+    ASSERT_EQ(dims, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, getMaxViewportDims_returns0) {
+    size_t dims = 0;
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, getMaxViewportDims()).WillOnce(Return(dims));
+    size_t result = mThreadedRE->getMaxViewportDims();
+    ASSERT_EQ(dims, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, isProtected_returnsFalse) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->isProtected();
+    ASSERT_EQ(false, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, isProtected_returnsTrue) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, isProtected()).WillOnce(Return(true));
+    size_t result = mThreadedRE->isProtected();
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, supportsProtectedContent_returnsFalse) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->supportsProtectedContent();
+    ASSERT_EQ(false, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, supportsProtectedContent_returnsTrue) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, supportsProtectedContent()).WillOnce(Return(true));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->supportsProtectedContent();
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, useProtectedContext_returnsFalse) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, useProtectedContext(false)).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->useProtectedContext(false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(false, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, useProtectedContext_returnsTrue) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, useProtectedContext(false)).WillOnce(Return(true));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->useProtectedContext(false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, cleanupPostRender_returnsFalse) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, cleanupPostRender()).WillOnce(Return(false));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->cleanupPostRender();
+    ASSERT_EQ(false, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, cleanupPostRender_returnsTrue) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, cleanupPostRender()).WillOnce(Return(true));
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->cleanupPostRender();
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, drawLayers) {
+    renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
+    std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    base::unique_fd bufferFence;
+    base::unique_fd drawFence;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
+            .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings&,
+                         const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
+                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                         base::unique_fd*) -> status_t { return NO_ERROR; });
+
+    status_t result = mThreadedRE->drawLayers(settings, layers, buffer, false,
+                                              std::move(bufferFence), &drawFence);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, result);
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad61718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "RenderEngineThreaded.h"
+
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <future>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <private/gui/SyncFeatures.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include "gl/GLESRenderEngine.h"
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace threaded {
+
+std::unique_ptr<RenderEngineThreaded> RenderEngineThreaded::create(CreateInstanceFactory factory) {
+    return std::make_unique<RenderEngineThreaded>(std::move(factory));
+}
+
+RenderEngineThreaded::RenderEngineThreaded(CreateInstanceFactory factory) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    std::lock_guard lockThread(mThreadMutex);
+    mThread = std::thread(&RenderEngineThreaded::threadMain, this, factory);
+}
+
+RenderEngineThreaded::~RenderEngineThreaded() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mRunning = false;
+        mCondition.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    if (mThread.joinable()) {
+        mThread.join();
+    }
+}
+
+// NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS is because std::unique_lock presently lacks thread safety annotations.
+void RenderEngineThreaded::threadMain(CreateInstanceFactory factory) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    struct sched_param param = {0};
+    param.sched_priority = 2;
+    if (sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, &param) != 0) {
+        ALOGE("Couldn't set SCHED_FIFO");
+    }
+
+    mRenderEngine = factory();
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mThreadMutex);
+    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), mThreadName);
+
+    while (mRunning) {
+        if (!mFunctionCalls.empty()) {
+            auto task = mFunctionCalls.front();
+            mFunctionCalls.pop();
+            task(*mRenderEngine);
+        }
+        mCondition.wait(lock, [this]() REQUIRES(mThreadMutex) {
+            return !mRunning || !mFunctionCalls.empty();
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::primeCache() const {
+    std::promise<void> resultPromise;
+    std::future<void> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::primeCache");
+            instance.primeCache();
+            resultPromise.set_value();
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    resultFuture.wait();
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::dump(std::string& result) {
+    std::promise<std::string> resultPromise;
+    std::future<std::string> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, &result](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::dump");
+            std::string localResult = result;
+            instance.dump(localResult);
+            resultPromise.set_value(std::move(localResult));
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    // Note: This is an rvalue.
+    result.assign(resultFuture.get());
+}
+
+bool RenderEngineThreaded::useNativeFenceSync() const {
+    std::promise<bool> resultPromise;
+    std::future<bool> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& /*instance*/) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::useNativeFenceSync");
+            bool returnValue = SyncFeatures::getInstance().useNativeFenceSync();
+            resultPromise.set_value(returnValue);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+bool RenderEngineThreaded::useWaitSync() const {
+    std::promise<bool> resultPromise;
+    std::future<bool> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& /*instance*/) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::useWaitSync");
+            bool returnValue = SyncFeatures::getInstance().useWaitSync();
+            resultPromise.set_value(returnValue);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::genTextures(size_t count, uint32_t* names) {
+    std::promise<void> resultPromise;
+    std::future<void> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, count, names](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::genTextures");
+            instance.genTextures(count, names);
+            resultPromise.set_value();
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    resultFuture.wait();
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::deleteTextures(size_t count, uint32_t const* names) {
+    std::promise<void> resultPromise;
+    std::future<void> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, count, &names](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::deleteTextures");
+            instance.deleteTextures(count, names);
+            resultPromise.set_value();
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    resultFuture.wait();
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::bindExternalTextureImage(uint32_t texName, const Image& image) {
+    std::promise<void> resultPromise;
+    std::future<void> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push(
+                [&resultPromise, texName, &image](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+                    ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::bindExternalTextureImage");
+                    instance.bindExternalTextureImage(texName, image);
+                    resultPromise.set_value();
+                });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    resultFuture.wait();
+}
+
+status_t RenderEngineThreaded::bindExternalTextureBuffer(uint32_t texName,
+                                                         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
+                                                         const sp<Fence>& fence) {
+    std::promise<status_t> resultPromise;
+    std::future<status_t> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push(
+                [&resultPromise, texName, &buffer, &fence](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+                    ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::bindExternalTextureBuffer");
+                    status_t status = instance.bindExternalTextureBuffer(texName, buffer, fence);
+                    resultPromise.set_value(status);
+                });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::cacheExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) {
+    std::promise<void> resultPromise;
+    std::future<void> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, &buffer](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::cacheExternalTextureBuffer");
+            instance.cacheExternalTextureBuffer(buffer);
+            resultPromise.set_value();
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    resultFuture.wait();
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::unbindExternalTextureBuffer(uint64_t bufferId) {
+    std::promise<void> resultPromise;
+    std::future<void> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, &bufferId](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::unbindExternalTextureBuffer");
+            instance.unbindExternalTextureBuffer(bufferId);
+            resultPromise.set_value();
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    resultFuture.wait();
+}
+
+status_t RenderEngineThreaded::bindFrameBuffer(Framebuffer* framebuffer) {
+    std::promise<status_t> resultPromise;
+    std::future<status_t> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, &framebuffer](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::bindFrameBuffer");
+            status_t status = instance.bindFrameBuffer(framebuffer);
+            resultPromise.set_value(status);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+void RenderEngineThreaded::unbindFrameBuffer(Framebuffer* framebuffer) {
+    std::promise<void> resultPromise;
+    std::future<void> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, &framebuffer](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::unbindFrameBuffer");
+            instance.unbindFrameBuffer(framebuffer);
+            resultPromise.set_value();
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    resultFuture.wait();
+}
+
+size_t RenderEngineThreaded::getMaxTextureSize() const {
+    std::promise<size_t> resultPromise;
+    std::future<size_t> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::getMaxTextureSize");
+            size_t size = instance.getMaxTextureSize();
+            resultPromise.set_value(size);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+size_t RenderEngineThreaded::getMaxViewportDims() const {
+    std::promise<size_t> resultPromise;
+    std::future<size_t> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::getMaxViewportDims");
+            size_t size = instance.getMaxViewportDims();
+            resultPromise.set_value(size);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+bool RenderEngineThreaded::isProtected() const {
+    std::promise<bool> resultPromise;
+    std::future<bool> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::isProtected");
+            bool returnValue = instance.isProtected();
+            resultPromise.set_value(returnValue);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+bool RenderEngineThreaded::supportsProtectedContent() const {
+    std::promise<bool> resultPromise;
+    std::future<bool> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::supportsProtectedContent");
+            bool returnValue = instance.supportsProtectedContent();
+            resultPromise.set_value(returnValue);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+bool RenderEngineThreaded::useProtectedContext(bool useProtectedContext) {
+    std::promise<bool> resultPromise;
+    std::future<bool> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push(
+                [&resultPromise, useProtectedContext](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+                    ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::useProtectedContext");
+                    bool returnValue = instance.useProtectedContext(useProtectedContext);
+                    resultPromise.set_value(returnValue);
+                });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+Framebuffer* RenderEngineThreaded::getFramebufferForDrawing() {
+    std::promise<Framebuffer*> resultPromise;
+    std::future<Framebuffer*> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::getFramebufferForDrawing");
+            Framebuffer* framebuffer = instance.getFramebufferForDrawing();
+            resultPromise.set_value(framebuffer);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+bool RenderEngineThreaded::cleanupPostRender() {
+    std::promise<bool> resultPromise;
+    std::future<bool> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::cleanupPostRender");
+            bool returnValue = instance.cleanupPostRender();
+            resultPromise.set_value(returnValue);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+status_t RenderEngineThreaded::drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
+                                          const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                                          const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
+                                          const bool useFramebufferCache,
+                                          base::unique_fd&& bufferFence,
+                                          base::unique_fd* drawFence) {
+    std::promise<status_t> resultPromise;
+    std::future<status_t> resultFuture = resultPromise.get_future();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mThreadMutex);
+        mFunctionCalls.push([&resultPromise, &display, &layers, &buffer, useFramebufferCache,
+                             &bufferFence, &drawFence](renderengine::RenderEngine& instance) {
+            ATRACE_NAME("REThreaded::drawLayers");
+            status_t status = instance.drawLayers(display, layers, buffer, useFramebufferCache,
+                                                  std::move(bufferFence), drawFence);
+            resultPromise.set_value(status);
+        });
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_one();
+    return resultFuture.get();
+}
+
+} // namespace threaded
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec18e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/renderengine/threaded/RenderEngineThreaded.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "renderengine/RenderEngine.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace renderengine {
+namespace threaded {
+
+using CreateInstanceFactory = std::function<std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>()>;
+
+/**
+ * This class extends a basic RenderEngine class. It contains a thread. Each time a function of
+ * this class is called, we create a lambda function that is put on a queue. The main thread then
+ * executes the functions in order.
+ */
+class RenderEngineThreaded : public RenderEngine {
+public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<RenderEngineThreaded> create(CreateInstanceFactory factory);
+
+    RenderEngineThreaded(CreateInstanceFactory factory);
+    ~RenderEngineThreaded() override;
+    void primeCache() const override;
+
+    void dump(std::string& result) override;
+
+    bool useNativeFenceSync() const override;
+    bool useWaitSync() const override;
+    void genTextures(size_t count, uint32_t* names) override;
+    void deleteTextures(size_t count, uint32_t const* names) override;
+    void bindExternalTextureImage(uint32_t texName, const Image& image) override;
+    status_t bindExternalTextureBuffer(uint32_t texName, const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
+                                       const sp<Fence>& fence) override;
+    void cacheExternalTextureBuffer(const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer) override;
+    void unbindExternalTextureBuffer(uint64_t bufferId) override;
+    status_t bindFrameBuffer(Framebuffer* framebuffer) override;
+    void unbindFrameBuffer(Framebuffer* framebuffer) override;
+    size_t getMaxTextureSize() const override;
+    size_t getMaxViewportDims() const override;
+
+    bool isProtected() const override;
+    bool supportsProtectedContent() const override;
+    bool useProtectedContext(bool useProtectedContext) override;
+    bool cleanupPostRender() override;
+
+    status_t drawLayers(const DisplaySettings& display,
+                        const std::vector<const LayerSettings*>& layers,
+                        const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const bool useFramebufferCache,
+                        base::unique_fd&& bufferFence, base::unique_fd* drawFence) override;
+
+protected:
+    Framebuffer* getFramebufferForDrawing() override;
+
+private:
+    void threadMain(CreateInstanceFactory factory);
+
+    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     * Threading
+     */
+    const char* const mThreadName = "RenderEngineThread";
+    // Protects the creation and destruction of mThread.
+    mutable std::mutex mThreadMutex;
+    std::thread mThread GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex);
+    bool mRunning GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex) = true;
+    mutable std::queue<std::function<void(renderengine::RenderEngine& instance)>> mFunctionCalls
+            GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex);
+    mutable std::condition_variable mCondition;
+
+    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     * Render Engine
+     */
+    std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine> mRenderEngine;
+};
+} // namespace threaded
+} // namespace renderengine
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp b/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp
index 8ed09f8..a6b0aaf 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp
+++ b/libs/sensor/ISensorServer.cpp
@@ -216,14 +216,25 @@
             int32_t type;
             Vector<float> floats;
             Vector<int32_t> ints;
+            uint32_t count;
 
             handle = data.readInt32();
             type = data.readInt32();
-            floats.resize(data.readUint32());
+
+            count = data.readUint32();
+            if (count > (data.dataAvail() / sizeof(float))) {
+              return BAD_VALUE;
+            }
+            floats.resize(count);
             for (auto &i : floats) {
                 i = data.readFloat();
             }
-            ints.resize(data.readUint32());
+
+            count = data.readUint32();
+            if (count > (data.dataAvail() / sizeof(int32_t))) {
+              return BAD_VALUE;
+            }
+            ints.resize(count);
             for (auto &i : ints) {
                 i = data.readInt32();
             }
diff --git a/libs/ui/Android.bp b/libs/ui/Android.bp
index 1ee8c71..f3edd3c 100644
--- a/libs/ui/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ui/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,66 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libui-defaults",
+    clang: true,
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    cppflags: [
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+
+    sanitize: {
+        integer_overflow: true,
+        misc_undefined: ["bounds"],
+    },
+
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libui-types",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    target: {
+        windows: {
+            enabled: true,
+        }
+    },
+
+    defaults: [
+        "libui-defaults",
+    ],
+
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:anyapex",
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "apex_inherit",
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmath",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "ColorSpace.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        "include_types",
+    ],
+
+    export_static_lib_headers: [
+        "libmath",
+    ],
+
+}
+
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libui",
     vendor_available: true,
@@ -35,8 +95,9 @@
     },
 
     srcs: [
-        "ColorSpace.cpp",
         "DebugUtils.cpp",
+        "DeviceProductInfo.cpp",
+        "DisplayInfo.cpp",
         "Fence.cpp",
         "FenceTime.cpp",
         "FrameStats.cpp",
@@ -65,8 +126,11 @@
         "include_private",
     ],
 
-    // Uncomment the following line to enable VALIDATE_REGIONS traces
-    //defaults: ["libui-validate-regions-defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "libui-defaults",
+        // Uncomment the following line to enable VALIDATE_REGIONS traces
+        //defaults: ["libui-validate-regions-defaults"],
+    ],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
@@ -100,6 +164,10 @@
         "libmath",
     ],
 
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "libui-types",
+    ],
+
     // bufferhub is not used when building libgui for vendors
     target: {
         vendor: {
diff --git a/libs/ui/DeviceProductInfo.cpp b/libs/ui/DeviceProductInfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d6ce43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/DeviceProductInfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ui/DeviceProductInfo.h>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ui/FlattenableHelpers.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(op) \
+    if (const status_t status = (op); status != OK) return status;
+
+namespace android {
+
+using base::StringAppendF;
+
+size_t DeviceProductInfo::getFlattenedSize() const {
+    return FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(name) +
+            FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(manufacturerPnpId) +
+            FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(productId) +
+            FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(manufactureOrModelDate) +
+            FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(relativeAddress);
+}
+
+status_t DeviceProductInfo::flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const {
+    if (size < getFlattenedSize()) {
+        return NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, name));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, manufacturerPnpId));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, productId));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, manufactureOrModelDate));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, relativeAddress));
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t DeviceProductInfo::unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &name));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &manufacturerPnpId));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &productId));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &manufactureOrModelDate));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &relativeAddress));
+    return OK;
+}
+
+void DeviceProductInfo::dump(std::string& result) const {
+    StringAppendF(&result, "{name=%s, ", name.c_str());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "manufacturerPnpId=%s, ", manufacturerPnpId.data());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "productId=%s, ", productId.c_str());
+
+    if (const auto* model = std::get_if<ModelYear>(&manufactureOrModelDate)) {
+        StringAppendF(&result, "modelYear=%u, ", model->year);
+    } else if (const auto* manufactureWeekAndYear =
+                       std::get_if<ManufactureWeekAndYear>(&manufactureOrModelDate)) {
+        StringAppendF(&result, "manufactureWeek=%u, ", manufactureWeekAndYear->week);
+        StringAppendF(&result, "manufactureYear=%d, ", manufactureWeekAndYear->year);
+    } else if (const auto* manufactureYear =
+                       std::get_if<ManufactureYear>(&manufactureOrModelDate)) {
+        StringAppendF(&result, "manufactureYear=%d, ", manufactureYear->year);
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("Unknown alternative for variant DeviceProductInfo::ManufactureOrModelDate");
+    }
+
+    result.append("relativeAddress=[");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < relativeAddress.size(); i++) {
+        if (i != 0) {
+            result.append(", ");
+        }
+        StringAppendF(&result, "%u", relativeAddress[i]);
+    }
+    result.append("]}");
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ui/DisplayInfo.cpp b/libs/ui/DisplayInfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73a78af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/DisplayInfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ui/DisplayInfo.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <ui/FlattenableHelpers.h>
+
+#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(op) \
+    if (const status_t status = (op); status != OK) return status;
+
+namespace android {
+
+size_t DisplayInfo::getFlattenedSize() const {
+    return FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(connectionType) +
+            FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(density) +
+            FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(secure) +
+            FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(deviceProductInfo);
+}
+
+status_t DisplayInfo::flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const {
+    if (size < getFlattenedSize()) {
+        return NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, connectionType));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, density));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, secure));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&buffer, &size, deviceProductInfo));
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t DisplayInfo::unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &connectionType));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &density));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &secure));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&buffer, &size, &deviceProductInfo));
+    return OK;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ui/OWNERS b/libs/ui/OWNERS
index 97ead21..203a739 100644
--- a/libs/ui/OWNERS
+++ b/libs/ui/OWNERS
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+chrisforbes@google.com
 lpy@google.com
-marissaw@google.com
 mathias@google.com
 romainguy@google.com
 stoza@google.com
-jwcai@google.com
-tianyuj@google.com
+vhau@google.com
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/DeviceProductInfo.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/DeviceProductInfo.h
index af00342..807a5d9 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/DeviceProductInfo.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/DeviceProductInfo.h
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <utils/Flattenable.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -29,13 +34,7 @@
 // Product-specific information about the display or the directly connected device on the
 // display chain. For example, if the display is transitively connected, this field may contain
 // product information about the intermediate device.
-struct DeviceProductInfo {
-    static constexpr size_t TEXT_BUFFER_SIZE = 20;
-    static constexpr size_t RELATIVE_ADDRESS_SIZE = 4;
-
-    using RelativeAddress = std::array<uint8_t, RELATIVE_ADDRESS_SIZE>;
-    static constexpr RelativeAddress NO_RELATIVE_ADDRESS = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
-
+struct DeviceProductInfo : LightFlattenable<DeviceProductInfo> {
     struct ModelYear {
         uint32_t year;
     };
@@ -48,21 +47,29 @@
     };
 
     // Display name.
-    std::array<char, TEXT_BUFFER_SIZE> name;
+    std::string name;
 
     // Manufacturer Plug and Play ID.
     PnpId manufacturerPnpId;
 
     // Manufacturer product ID.
-    std::array<char, TEXT_BUFFER_SIZE> productId;
+    std::string productId;
 
     using ManufactureOrModelDate = std::variant<ModelYear, ManufactureYear, ManufactureWeekAndYear>;
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<ManufactureOrModelDate>);
     ManufactureOrModelDate manufactureOrModelDate;
 
-    // Relative address in the display network. Unavailable address is indicated
-    // by all elements equal to 255.
+    // Relative address in the display network. Empty vector indicates that the
+    // address is unavailable.
     // For example, for HDMI connected device this will be the physical address.
-    RelativeAddress relativeAddress;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> relativeAddress;
+
+    bool isFixedSize() const { return false; }
+    size_t getFlattenedSize() const;
+    status_t flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const;
+    status_t unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size);
+
+    void dump(std::string& result) const;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayInfo.h b/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayInfo.h
index 897060c..03e0a38 100644
--- a/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayInfo.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include/ui/DisplayInfo.h
@@ -20,19 +20,23 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include <ui/DeviceProductInfo.h>
+#include <utils/Flattenable.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
 enum class DisplayConnectionType { Internal, External };
 
 // Immutable information about physical display.
-struct DisplayInfo {
+struct DisplayInfo : LightFlattenable<DisplayInfo> {
     DisplayConnectionType connectionType = DisplayConnectionType::Internal;
     float density = 0.f;
     bool secure = false;
     std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> deviceProductInfo;
-};
 
-static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<DisplayInfo>);
+    bool isFixedSize() const { return false; }
+    size_t getFlattenedSize() const;
+    status_t flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const;
+    status_t unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size);
+};
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/ui/include_private/ui/FlattenableHelpers.h b/libs/ui/include_private/ui/FlattenableHelpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e316d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/include_private/ui/FlattenableHelpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <numeric>
+#include <optional>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <utils/Flattenable.h>
+
+#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(op) \
+    if (const status_t status = (op); status != OK) return status;
+
+namespace android {
+
+struct FlattenableHelpers {
+    // Helpers for reading and writing POD structures
+    template <class T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>>>
+    static constexpr size_t getFlattenedSize(const T&) {
+        return sizeof(T);
+    }
+
+    template <class T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>>>
+    static status_t flatten(void** buffer, size_t* size, const T& value) {
+        if (*size < sizeof(T)) return NO_MEMORY;
+        FlattenableUtils::write(*buffer, *size, value);
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    template <class T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>>>
+    static status_t unflatten(const void** buffer, size_t* size, T* value) {
+        if (*size < sizeof(T)) return NO_MEMORY;
+        FlattenableUtils::read(*buffer, *size, *value);
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    // Helpers for reading and writing std::string
+    static size_t getFlattenedSize(const std::string& str) {
+        return sizeof(uint64_t) + str.length();
+    }
+
+    static status_t flatten(void** buffer, size_t* size, const std::string& str) {
+        if (*size < getFlattenedSize(str)) return NO_MEMORY;
+        flatten(buffer, size, (uint64_t)str.length());
+        memcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(*buffer), str.c_str(), str.length());
+        FlattenableUtils::advance(*buffer, *size, str.length());
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    static status_t unflatten(const void** buffer, size_t* size, std::string* str) {
+        uint64_t length;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(unflatten(buffer, size, &length));
+        if (*size < length) return NO_MEMORY;
+        str->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(*buffer), length);
+        FlattenableUtils::advance(*buffer, *size, length);
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    // Helpers for reading and writing LightFlattenable
+    template <class T>
+    static size_t getFlattenedSize(const LightFlattenable<T>& value) {
+        return value.getFlattenedSize();
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    static status_t flatten(void** buffer, size_t* size, const LightFlattenable<T>& value) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(value.flatten(*buffer, *size));
+        FlattenableUtils::advance(*buffer, *size, value.getFlattenedSize());
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    static status_t unflatten(const void** buffer, size_t* size, LightFlattenable<T>* value) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(value->unflatten(*buffer, *size));
+        FlattenableUtils::advance(*buffer, *size, value->getFlattenedSize());
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    // Helpers for reading and writing std::optional
+    template <class T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::negation_v<std::is_trivially_copyable<T>>>>
+    static size_t getFlattenedSize(const std::optional<T>& value) {
+        return sizeof(bool) + (value ? getFlattenedSize(*value) : 0);
+    }
+
+    template <class T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::negation_v<std::is_trivially_copyable<T>>>>
+    static status_t flatten(void** buffer, size_t* size, const std::optional<T>& value) {
+        if (value) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(flatten(buffer, size, true));
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(flatten(buffer, size, *value));
+        } else {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(flatten(buffer, size, false));
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    template <class T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::negation_v<std::is_trivially_copyable<T>>>>
+    static status_t unflatten(const void** buffer, size_t* size, std::optional<T>* value) {
+        bool isPresent;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(unflatten(buffer, size, &isPresent));
+        if (isPresent) {
+            *value = T();
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(unflatten(buffer, size, &(**value)));
+        } else {
+            value->reset();
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    // Helpers for reading and writing std::vector
+    template <class T>
+    static size_t getFlattenedSize(const std::vector<T>& value) {
+        return std::accumulate(value.begin(), value.end(), sizeof(uint64_t),
+                               [](size_t sum, const T& element) {
+                                   return sum + getFlattenedSize(element);
+                               });
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    static status_t flatten(void** buffer, size_t* size, const std::vector<T>& value) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(flatten(buffer, size, (uint64_t)value.size()));
+        for (const auto& element : value) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(flatten(buffer, size, element));
+        }
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    static status_t unflatten(const void** buffer, size_t* size, std::vector<T>* value) {
+        uint64_t numElements;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(unflatten(buffer, size, &numElements));
+        // We don't need an extra size check since each iteration of the loop does that
+        std::vector<T> elements;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numElements; i++) {
+            T element;
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(unflatten(buffer, size, &element));
+            elements.push_back(element);
+        }
+        *value = std::move(elements);
+        return OK;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#undef RETURN_IF_ERROR
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ui/include/ui/ColorSpace.h b/libs/ui/include_types/ui/ColorSpace.h
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/ui/include/ui/ColorSpace.h
rename to libs/ui/include_types/ui/ColorSpace.h
diff --git a/libs/ui/include_vndk/ui/ColorSpace.h b/libs/ui/include_vndk/ui/ColorSpace.h
index ddf70d5..7d2a6d3 120000
--- a/libs/ui/include_vndk/ui/ColorSpace.h
+++ b/libs/ui/include_vndk/ui/ColorSpace.h
@@ -1 +1 @@
-../../include/ui/ColorSpace.h
\ No newline at end of file
+../../include_types/ui/ColorSpace.h
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp b/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp
index b53342c..28ef77a 100644
--- a/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/Android.bp
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@
 }
 
 cc_test {
+    name: "FlattenableHelpers_test",
+    shared_libs: ["libui"],
+    srcs: ["FlattenableHelpers_test.cpp"],
+    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
     name: "GraphicBufferAllocator_test",
     header_libs: [
         "libnativewindow_headers",
diff --git a/libs/ui/tests/FlattenableHelpers_test.cpp b/libs/ui/tests/FlattenableHelpers_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db32bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/ui/tests/FlattenableHelpers_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "FlattenableHelpersTest"
+
+#include <ui/FlattenableHelpers.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <utils/Flattenable.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace {
+
+struct TestLightFlattenable : LightFlattenable<TestLightFlattenable> {
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> ptr;
+
+    bool isFixedSize() const { return true; }
+    size_t getFlattenedSize() const { return sizeof(int32_t); }
+
+    status_t flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const {
+        FlattenableUtils::write(buffer, size, *ptr);
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    status_t unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size) {
+        int value;
+        FlattenableUtils::read(buffer, size, value);
+        ptr = std::make_unique<int32_t>(value);
+        return OK;
+    }
+};
+
+class FlattenableHelpersTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+    template <class T>
+    void testWriteThenRead(const T& value, size_t bufferSize) {
+        std::vector<int8_t> buffer(bufferSize);
+        auto rawBuffer = reinterpret_cast<void*>(buffer.data());
+        size_t size = buffer.size();
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&rawBuffer, &size, value));
+
+        auto rawReadBuffer = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(buffer.data());
+        size = buffer.size();
+        T valueRead;
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&rawReadBuffer, &size, &valueRead));
+        EXPECT_EQ(value, valueRead);
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    void testTriviallyCopyable(const T& value) {
+        testWriteThenRead(value, sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    void testWriteThenRead(const T& value) {
+        testWriteThenRead(value, FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(value));
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FlattenableHelpersTest, TriviallyCopyable) {
+    testTriviallyCopyable(42);
+    testTriviallyCopyable(1LL << 63);
+    testTriviallyCopyable(false);
+    testTriviallyCopyable(true);
+    testTriviallyCopyable(std::optional<int>());
+    testTriviallyCopyable(std::optional<int>(4));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlattenableHelpersTest, String) {
+    testWriteThenRead(std::string("Android"));
+    testWriteThenRead(std::string());
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlattenableHelpersTest, Vector) {
+    testWriteThenRead(std::vector<int>({1, 2, 3}));
+    testWriteThenRead(std::vector<int>());
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlattenableHelpersTest, OptionalOfLightFlattenable) {
+    std::vector<size_t> buffer;
+    constexpr int kInternalValue = 16;
+    {
+        std::optional<TestLightFlattenable> value =
+                TestLightFlattenable{.ptr = std::make_unique<int32_t>(kInternalValue)};
+        buffer.assign(FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(value), 0);
+        void* rawBuffer = reinterpret_cast<void*>(buffer.data());
+        size_t size = buffer.size();
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&rawBuffer, &size, value));
+    }
+
+    const void* rawReadBuffer = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(buffer.data());
+    size_t size = buffer.size();
+    std::optional<TestLightFlattenable> valueRead;
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&rawReadBuffer, &size, &valueRead));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(valueRead.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kInternalValue, *valueRead->ptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FlattenableHelpersTest, NullOptionalOfLightFlattenable) {
+    std::vector<size_t> buffer;
+    {
+        std::optional<TestLightFlattenable> value;
+        buffer.assign(FlattenableHelpers::getFlattenedSize(value), 0);
+        void* rawBuffer = reinterpret_cast<void*>(buffer.data());
+        size_t size = buffer.size();
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, FlattenableHelpers::flatten(&rawBuffer, &size, value));
+    }
+
+    const void* rawReadBuffer = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(buffer.data());
+    size_t size = buffer.size();
+    std::optional<TestLightFlattenable> valueRead;
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, FlattenableHelpers::unflatten(&rawReadBuffer, &size, &valueRead));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(valueRead.has_value());
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
index 2fcee7b..37c19d4 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libbufferhub/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@
     name: "libbufferhub_headers",
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     vendor_available: true,  // TODO(b/112338314): Does shouldn't be available to vendor.
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.media",
+        "com.android.media.swcodec",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
 }
 
 sourceFiles = [
diff --git a/libs/vr/libdvr/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libdvr/Android.bp
index 81a9b2d..340d7bf 100644
--- a/libs/vr/libdvr/Android.bp
+++ b/libs/vr/libdvr/Android.bp
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@
     name: "libdvr_headers",
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     vendor_available: true,
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.media",
+        "com.android.media.swcodec",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
 }
 
 cc_library_headers {
diff --git a/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/Android.bp b/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3490775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "libpdx_fuzz",
+    clang: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "service_dispatcher_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libpdx",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libutils",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        fuzz_on_haiku_host: false,
+        fuzz_on_haiku_device: false,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/helpers.h b/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83ec409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// Authors: corbin.souffrant@leviathansecurity.com
+//          brian.balling@leviathansecurity.com
+
+#ifndef LEV_FUZZERS_LIBPDX_HELPERS_H_
+#define LEV_FUZZERS_LIBPDX_HELPERS_H_
+
+#define UNUSED(expr) \
+  do {               \
+    (void)(expr);    \
+  } while (0)
+
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <pdx/client.h>
+#include <pdx/service.h>
+#include <pdx/service_dispatcher.h>
+#include <pdx/service_endpoint.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+using namespace android::pdx;
+
+// Vector of operations we can call in the dispatcher.
+static const std::vector<std::function<void(
+    const std::unique_ptr<ServiceDispatcher>&, FuzzedDataProvider*)>>
+    dispatcher_operations = {
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<ServiceDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+           FuzzedDataProvider*) -> void { dispatcher->EnterDispatchLoop(); },
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<ServiceDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+           FuzzedDataProvider*) -> void { dispatcher->ReceiveAndDispatch(); },
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<ServiceDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+           FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) -> void {
+          dispatcher->ReceiveAndDispatch(fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int>());
+        }};
+
+// Most of the fuzzing occurs within the endpoint, which is derived from an
+// abstract class. So we are returning garbage data for most functions besides
+// the ones we added or need to actually use.
+class FuzzEndpoint : public Endpoint {
+ public:
+  explicit FuzzEndpoint(FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) {
+    _fdp = fdp;
+    _epoll_fd = eventfd(0, 0);
+  }
+
+  ~FuzzEndpoint() { close(_epoll_fd); }
+
+  // Returns an fd that can be used with epoll() to wait for incoming messages
+  // from this endpoint.
+  int epoll_fd() const { return _epoll_fd; }
+
+  // Associates a Service instance with an endpoint by setting the service
+  // context pointer to the address of the Service. Only one Service may be
+  // associated with a given endpoint.
+  Status<void> SetService(Service* service) {
+    _service = service;
+    return Status<void>(0);
+  }
+
+  // Set the channel context for the given channel.
+  Status<void> SetChannel(int channel_id, Channel* channel) {
+    UNUSED(channel_id);
+    _channel = std::shared_ptr<Channel>(channel);
+    return Status<void>(0);
+  }
+
+  // Receives a message on the given endpoint file descriptor.
+  // This is called by the dispatcher to determine what operations
+  // to make, so we are fuzzing the response.
+  Status<void> MessageReceive(Message* message) {
+    // Create a randomized MessageInfo struct.
+    MessageInfo info;
+    eventfd_t wakeup_val = 0;
+    info.pid = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+    info.tid = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+    info.cid = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+    info.mid = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+    info.euid = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+    info.egid = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+    info.op = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+    info.flags = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+    info.service = _service;
+    info.channel = _channel.get();
+    info.send_len = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<size_t>();
+    info.recv_len = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<size_t>();
+    info.fd_count = _fdp->ConsumeIntegral<size_t>();
+    if (_fdp->remaining_bytes() >= 32) {
+      std::vector<uint8_t> impulse_vec = _fdp->ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(32);
+      memcpy(info.impulse, impulse_vec.data(), 32);
+    }
+
+    *message = Message(info);
+    eventfd_read(_epoll_fd, &wakeup_val);
+
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Returns a tag that uniquely identifies a specific underlying IPC
+  // transport.
+  uint32_t GetIpcTag() const { return 0; }
+
+  // Close a channel, signaling the client file object and freeing the channel
+  // id. Once closed, the client side of the channel always returns the error
+  // ESHUTDOWN and signals the poll/epoll events POLLHUP and POLLFREE.
+  Status<void> CloseChannel(int channel_id) {
+    UNUSED(channel_id);
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Update the event bits for the given channel (given by id), using the
+  // given clear and set masks.
+  Status<void> ModifyChannelEvents(int channel_id, int clear_mask,
+                                   int set_mask) {
+    UNUSED(channel_id);
+    UNUSED(clear_mask);
+    UNUSED(set_mask);
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Create a new channel and push it as a file descriptor to the process
+  // sending the |message|. |flags| may be set to O_NONBLOCK and/or
+  // O_CLOEXEC to control the initial behavior of the new file descriptor (the
+  // sending process may change these later using fcntl()). The internal
+  // Channel instance associated with this channel is set to |channel|,
+  // which may be nullptr. The new channel id allocated for this channel is
+  // returned in |channel_id|, which may also be nullptr if not needed.
+  Status<RemoteChannelHandle> PushChannel(Message* message, int flags,
+                                          Channel* channel, int* channel_id) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(flags);
+    UNUSED(channel);
+    UNUSED(channel_id);
+    return Status<RemoteChannelHandle>();
+  }
+
+  // Check whether the |ref| is a reference to a channel to the service
+  // represented by the |endpoint|. If the channel reference in question is
+  // valid, the Channel object is returned in |channel| when non-nullptr and
+  // the channel ID is returned through the Status object.
+  Status<int> CheckChannel(const Message* message, ChannelReference ref,
+                           Channel** channel) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(ref);
+    UNUSED(channel);
+    return Status<int>();
+  }
+
+  // Replies to the message with a return code.
+  Status<void> MessageReply(Message* message, int return_code) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(return_code);
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Replies to the message with a file descriptor.
+  Status<void> MessageReplyFd(Message* message, unsigned int push_fd) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(push_fd);
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Replies to the message with a local channel handle.
+  Status<void> MessageReplyChannelHandle(Message* message,
+                                         const LocalChannelHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Replies to the message with a borrowed local channel handle.
+  Status<void> MessageReplyChannelHandle(Message* message,
+                                         const BorrowedChannelHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Replies to the message with a remote channel handle.
+  Status<void> MessageReplyChannelHandle(Message* message,
+                                         const RemoteChannelHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<void>();
+  }
+
+  // Reads message data into an array of memory buffers.
+  Status<size_t> ReadMessageData(Message* message, const iovec* vector,
+                                 size_t vector_length) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(vector);
+    UNUSED(vector_length);
+    return Status<size_t>();
+  }
+
+  // Sends reply data for message.
+  Status<size_t> WriteMessageData(Message* message, const iovec* vector,
+                                  size_t vector_length) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(vector);
+    UNUSED(vector_length);
+    return Status<size_t>();
+  }
+
+  // Records a file descriptor into the message buffer and returns the
+  // remapped reference to be sent to the remote process.
+  Status<FileReference> PushFileHandle(Message* message,
+                                       const LocalHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<FileReference>();
+  }
+
+  Status<FileReference> PushFileHandle(Message* message,
+                                       const BorrowedHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<FileReference>();
+  }
+
+  Status<FileReference> PushFileHandle(Message* message,
+                                       const RemoteHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<FileReference>();
+  }
+
+  Status<ChannelReference> PushChannelHandle(Message* message,
+                                             const LocalChannelHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<ChannelReference>();
+  }
+
+  Status<ChannelReference> PushChannelHandle(
+      Message* message, const BorrowedChannelHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<ChannelReference>();
+  }
+
+  Status<ChannelReference> PushChannelHandle(
+      Message* message, const RemoteChannelHandle& handle) {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(handle);
+    return Status<ChannelReference>();
+  }
+
+  // Obtains a file descriptor/channel handle from a message for the given
+  // reference.
+  LocalHandle GetFileHandle(Message* message, FileReference ref) const {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(ref);
+    return LocalHandle();
+  }
+
+  LocalChannelHandle GetChannelHandle(Message* message,
+                                      ChannelReference ref) const {
+    UNUSED(message);
+    UNUSED(ref);
+    return LocalChannelHandle();
+  }
+
+  // Transport-specific message state management.
+  void* AllocateMessageState() { return nullptr; }
+
+  void FreeMessageState(void* state) { UNUSED(state); }
+
+  // Cancels the endpoint, unblocking any receiver threads waiting for a
+  // message.
+  Status<void> Cancel() { return Status<void>(); }
+
+ private:
+  FuzzedDataProvider* _fdp;
+  std::shared_ptr<Channel> _channel;
+  Service* _service;
+  int _epoll_fd;
+};
+
+#endif  // LEV_FUZZERS_LIBPDX_HELPERS_H_
diff --git a/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/service_dispatcher_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/service_dispatcher_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a3bfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/vr/libpdx/fuzz/service_dispatcher_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// Authors: corbin.souffrant@leviathansecurity.com
+//          brian.balling@leviathansecurity.com
+
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <helpers.h>
+#include <pdx/client_channel.h>
+#include <pdx/service.h>
+#include <pdx/service_dispatcher.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace android::pdx;
+
+// Dispatch fuzzer entry point. This fuzzer creates a ServiceDispatcher
+// and creates an endpoint that returns fuzzed messages that are passed
+// to the ReceiveAndDispatch and DispatchLoop functions.
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+  eventfd_t wakeup_val = 1;
+  FuzzedDataProvider fdp = FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
+
+  // Endpoint is only used to be immediately wrapped as a unique_ptr,
+  // so it is ok to be using a raw ptr and new here without freeing.
+  FuzzEndpoint* endpoint = new FuzzEndpoint(&fdp);
+  std::unique_ptr<ServiceDispatcher> dispatcher = ServiceDispatcher::Create();
+  std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel(nullptr);
+  std::shared_ptr<Client> client(nullptr);
+  std::shared_ptr<Service> service(
+      new Service("FuzzService", std::unique_ptr<Endpoint>(endpoint)));
+
+  service->SetChannel(0, std::shared_ptr<Channel>(channel));
+  dispatcher->AddService(service);
+
+  // Dispatcher blocks, so needs to run in its own thread.
+  std::thread run_dispatcher([&]() {
+    uint8_t opt = 0;
+
+    // Right now the only operations block, so the while loop is pointless
+    // but leaving it in, just in case that ever changes.
+    while (fdp.remaining_bytes() > sizeof(MessageInfo)) {
+      opt = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>() % dispatcher_operations.size();
+      dispatcher_operations[opt](dispatcher, &fdp);
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Continuously wake up the epoll so the dispatcher can run.
+  while (fdp.remaining_bytes() > sizeof(MessageInfo)) {
+    eventfd_write(endpoint->epoll_fd(), wakeup_val);
+  }
+
+  // Cleanup the dispatcher and thread.
+  dispatcher->SetCanceled(true);
+  if (run_dispatcher.joinable())
+    run_dispatcher.join();
+  dispatcher->RemoveService(service);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/opengl/include/EGL/eglext_angle.h b/opengl/include/EGL/eglext_angle.h
index 0556ea1..1f1bcb3 100644
--- a/opengl/include/EGL/eglext_angle.h
+++ b/opengl/include/EGL/eglext_angle.h
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 // found in the LICENSE file.
 //
 // eglext_angle.h: ANGLE modifications to the eglext.h header file.
-//   Currently we don't include this file directly, we patch eglext.h
-//   to include it implicitly so it is visible throughout our code.
 
 #ifndef INCLUDE_EGL_EGLEXT_ANGLE_
 #define INCLUDE_EGL_EGLEXT_ANGLE_
 
+#include <EGL/eglext.h>
+
 // clang-format off
 
 #ifndef EGL_ANGLE_robust_resource_initialization
diff --git a/opengl/libs/Android.bp b/opengl/libs/Android.bp
index e8d3684..3c76c62 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/Android.bp
+++ b/opengl/libs/Android.bp
@@ -102,11 +102,6 @@
         "libbacktrace",
         "libbase",
     ],
-    target: {
-        vendor: {
-            exclude_shared_libs: ["libgraphicsenv"],
-        },
-    },
 }
 
 cc_library_static {
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp
index cc42ac7..3284778 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/FileBlobCache.cpp
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@
 #include "FileBlobCache.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <log/log.h>
 
 // Cache file header
 static const char* cacheFileMagic = "EGL$";
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
index 83de260..1afc693 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/Loader.cpp
@@ -17,27 +17,23 @@
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
-#include <EGL/Loader.h>
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include "EGL/Loader.h"
 
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/dlext.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
-
-#ifndef __ANDROID_VNDK__
-#include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
-#endif
 #include <vndksupport/linker.h>
 
+#include <string>
+
+#include "EGL/eglext_angle.h"
 #include "egl_platform_entries.h"
 #include "egl_trace.h"
 #include "egldefs.h"
-#include <EGL/eglext_angle.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -159,13 +155,11 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-#ifndef __ANDROID_VNDK__
     // Return true if updated driver namespace is set.
     ns = android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getDriverNamespace();
     if (ns) {
         return true;
     }
-#endif
 
     return false;
 }
@@ -276,7 +270,7 @@
         // will set cnx->useAngle appropriately.
         // Do this here so that we use ANGLE path when driver is ANGLE (e.g. loaded as native),
         // not just loading ANGLE as option.
-        init_angle_backend(hnd->dso[0], cnx);
+        init_angle_backend(hnd->dso[2], cnx);
     }
 
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!hnd,
@@ -557,12 +551,8 @@
 }
 
 void Loader::init_angle_backend(void* dso, egl_connection_t* cnx) {
-    void* eglCreateDeviceANGLE = nullptr;
-
-    ALOGV("dso: %p", dso);
-    eglCreateDeviceANGLE = dlsym(dso, "eglCreateDeviceANGLE");
-    ALOGV("eglCreateDeviceANGLE: %p", eglCreateDeviceANGLE);
-    if (eglCreateDeviceANGLE) {
+    void* pANGLEGetDisplayPlatform = dlsym(dso, "ANGLEGetDisplayPlatform");
+    if (pANGLEGetDisplayPlatform) {
         ALOGV("ANGLE GLES library in use");
         cnx->useAngle = true;
     } else {
@@ -573,7 +563,7 @@
 
 Loader::driver_t* Loader::attempt_to_load_updated_driver(egl_connection_t* cnx) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-#ifndef __ANDROID_VNDK__
+
     android_namespace_t* ns = android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getDriverNamespace();
     if (!ns) {
         return nullptr;
@@ -603,9 +593,6 @@
         hnd->set(dso, GLESv2);
     }
     return hnd;
-#else
-    return nullptr;
-#endif
 }
 
 Loader::driver_t* Loader::attempt_to_load_system_driver(egl_connection_t* cnx, const char* suffix,
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp
index 3b1cf71..8c6f284 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_display.cpp
@@ -19,25 +19,22 @@
 
 #include "egl_display.h"
 
+#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android/dlext.h>
+#include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
+#include <configstore/Utils.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
+
 #include "../egl_impl.h"
-
-#include <EGL/eglext_angle.h>
-#include <private/EGL/display.h>
-
+#include "EGL/eglext_angle.h"
 #include "Loader.h"
 #include "egl_angle_platform.h"
 #include "egl_cache.h"
 #include "egl_object.h"
 #include "egl_tls.h"
-
-#include <SurfaceFlingerProperties.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android/dlext.h>
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
-
-#include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
-#include <configstore/Utils.h>
+#include "private/EGL/display.h"
 
 using namespace android::hardware::configstore;
 using namespace android::hardware::configstore::V1_0;
diff --git a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
index 99283be..1119e4a 100644
--- a/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
+++ b/opengl/libs/EGL/egl_platform_entries.cpp
@@ -18,36 +18,32 @@
 
 #include "egl_platform_entries.h"
 
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include <EGL/egl.h>
-#include <EGL/eglext.h>
-#include <EGL/eglext_angle.h>
-
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
-#include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
-#include <private/android/AHardwareBufferHelpers.h>
-
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include <private/android/AHardwareBufferHelpers.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <deque>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "../egl_impl.h"
-
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "EGL/eglext.h"
+#include "EGL/eglext_angle.h"
 #include "egl_display.h"
-#include "egl_object.h"
 #include "egl_layers.h"
+#include "egl_object.h"
 #include "egl_tls.h"
 #include "egl_trace.h"
 
@@ -96,7 +92,7 @@
         "EGL_EXT_surface_CTA861_3_metadata "
         ;
 
-// Whitelist of extensions exposed to applications if implemented in the vendor driver.
+// Allowed list of extensions exposed to applications if implemented in the vendor driver.
 char const * const gExtensionString  =
         "EGL_KHR_image "                        // mandatory
         "EGL_KHR_image_base "                   // mandatory
@@ -2248,15 +2244,8 @@
 }
 
 EGLClientBuffer eglGetNativeClientBufferANDROIDImpl(const AHardwareBuffer *buffer) {
-    // AHardwareBuffer_to_ANativeWindowBuffer is a platform-only symbol and thus
-    // this function cannot be implemented when this libEGL is built for
-    // vendors.
-#ifndef __ANDROID_VNDK__
     if (!buffer) return setError(EGL_BAD_PARAMETER, (EGLClientBuffer) nullptr);
     return const_cast<ANativeWindowBuffer *>(AHardwareBuffer_to_ANativeWindowBuffer(buffer));
-#else
-    return setError(EGL_BAD_PARAMETER, (EGLClientBuffer) nullptr);
-#endif
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/opengl/tests/gl2_jni/Android.bp b/opengl/tests/gl2_jni/Android.bp
index 65f89b1..8d4323f 100644
--- a/opengl/tests/gl2_jni/Android.bp
+++ b/opengl/tests/gl2_jni/Android.bp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-error=unused-parameter",
     ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
     srcs: ["jni/gl_code.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/opengl/tests/gl_jni/Android.bp b/opengl/tests/gl_jni/Android.bp
index 5bec336..0cb129a 100644
--- a/opengl/tests/gl_jni/Android.bp
+++ b/opengl/tests/gl_jni/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-error=unused-parameter",
     ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
     srcs: ["jni/gl_code.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/opengl/tests/gl_perfapp/Android.bp b/opengl/tests/gl_perfapp/Android.bp
index cf899ac..66afb6a 100644
--- a/opengl/tests/gl_perfapp/Android.bp
+++ b/opengl/tests/gl_perfapp/Android.bp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-error=unused-parameter",
     ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
     srcs: ["jni/gl_code.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/opengl/tests/gldual/Android.bp b/opengl/tests/gldual/Android.bp
index 2432566..1006d44 100644
--- a/opengl/tests/gldual/Android.bp
+++ b/opengl/tests/gldual/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-error=unused-parameter",
     ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
     srcs: ["jni/gl_code.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/opengl/tools/glgen/gen b/opengl/tools/glgen/gen
index 41fcf1b..9efd38f 100755
--- a/opengl/tools/glgen/gen
+++ b/opengl/tools/glgen/gen
@@ -1,6 +1,18 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -u
 set -e
+
+if [ -z "$ANDROID_BUILD_TOP" ] ; then
+    echo "ANDROID_BUILD_TOP is not set, did you run lunch?"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Avoid spewing files in any location other than the intended one.
+if [ ! -x "$PWD/gen" ] ; then
+    echo "Run this script from its parent directory".
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 rm -rf out generated
 
 mkdir out
@@ -92,7 +104,7 @@
 
 # Add UnsupportedAppUsage.java to known sources.
 mkdir -p out/android/compat/annotation
-cp ../../../../../tools/platform-compat/annotation/src/java/android/compat/annotation/UnsupportedAppUsage.java out/android/compat/annotation
+cp ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/tools/platform-compat/java/android/compat/annotation/UnsupportedAppUsage.java out/android/compat/annotation
 
 pushd out > /dev/null
 mkdir classes
@@ -153,23 +165,23 @@
     fi
 }
 
-compareGenerated ../../../../base/core/jni generated/C com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl.cpp
-compareGenerated ../../../../base/opengl/java/com/google/android/gles_jni generated/com/google/android/gles_jni GLImpl.java
+compareGenerated ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/frameworks/base/core/jni generated/C com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl.cpp
+compareGenerated ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/frameworks/base/opengl/java/com/google/android/gles_jni generated/com/google/android/gles_jni GLImpl.java
 
 for x in GL.java GL10.java GL10Ext.java GL11.java GL11Ext.java GL11ExtensionPack.java
 do
-    compareGenerated ../../../../base/opengl/java/javax/microedition/khronos/opengles generated/javax/microedition/khronos/opengles $x
+    compareGenerated ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/frameworks/base/opengl/java/javax/microedition/khronos/opengles generated/javax/microedition/khronos/opengles $x
 done
 
 for x in EGL14 EGL15 EGLExt GLES10 GLES10Ext GLES11 GLES11Ext GLES20 GLES30 GLES31 GLES31Ext GLES32
 do
-    compareGenerated ../../../../base/opengl/java/android/opengl generated/android/opengl ${x}.java
-    compareGenerated ../../../../base/core/jni generated/C android_opengl_${x}.cpp
+    compareGenerated ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/frameworks/base/opengl/java/android/opengl generated/android/opengl ${x}.java
+    compareGenerated ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/frameworks/base/core/jni generated/C android_opengl_${x}.cpp
 done
 
 for x in EGLConfig EGLContext EGLDisplay EGLObjectHandle EGLSurface EGLImage EGLSync
 do
-    compareGenerated ../../../../base/opengl/java/android/opengl generated/android/opengl ${x}.java
+    compareGenerated ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/frameworks/base/opengl/java/android/opengl generated/android/opengl ${x}.java
 done
 
 if [ $KEEP_GENERATED == "0" ] ; then
diff --git a/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/egl/EGL14Header.java-if b/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/egl/EGL14Header.java-if
index 9932556..951ecff 100644
--- a/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/egl/EGL14Header.java-if
+++ b/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/egl/EGL14Header.java-if
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
 import android.view.Surface;
-import android.view.SurfaceView;
 import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
+import android.view.SurfaceView;
 
 /**
  * EGL 1.4
diff --git a/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/jsr239/GLImplHeader.java-impl b/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/jsr239/GLImplHeader.java-impl
index afcc3eb..32c9d7d 100644
--- a/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/jsr239/GLImplHeader.java-impl
+++ b/opengl/tools/glgen/stubs/jsr239/GLImplHeader.java-impl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 package com.google.android.gles_jni;
 
 import android.app.AppGlobals;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.content.pm.IPackageManager;
 import android.os.Build;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import java.nio.Buffer;
+
 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10Ext;
 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL11;
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@
     private boolean have_OES_framebuffer_object;
     private boolean have_OES_texture_cube_map;
 
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public GLImpl() {
     }
 
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/Android.bp b/services/gpuservice/Android.bp
index 6eed24a..04fe1e6 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
         "libgfxstats",
+        "libgpumem",
         "libgraphicsenv",
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
@@ -85,6 +86,10 @@
     name: "gpuservice",
     defaults: ["libgpuservice_binary"],
     init_rc: ["gpuservice.rc"],
+    required: [
+        "bpfloader",
+        "gpu_mem.o",
+    ],
     srcs: [":gpuservice_binary_sources"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libgpuservice",
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/CleanSpec.mk b/services/gpuservice/CleanSpec.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..482fc6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/CleanSpec.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# If you don't need to do a full clean build but would like to touch
+# a file or delete some intermediate files, add a clean step to the end
+# of the list.  These steps will only be run once, if they haven't been
+# run before.
+#
+# E.g.:
+#     $(call add-clean-step, touch -c external/sqlite/sqlite3.h)
+#     $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/obj/STATIC_LIBRARIES/libz_intermediates)
+#
+# Always use "touch -c" and "rm -f" or "rm -rf" to gracefully deal with
+# files that are missing or have been moved.
+#
+# Use $(PRODUCT_OUT) to get to the "out/target/product/blah/" directory.
+# Use $(OUT_DIR) to refer to the "out" directory.
+#
+# If you need to re-do something that's already mentioned, just copy
+# the command and add it to the bottom of the list.  E.g., if a change
+# that you made last week required touching a file and a change you
+# made today requires touching the same file, just copy the old
+# touch step and add it to the end of the list.
+#
+# ************************************************
+# NEWER CLEAN STEPS MUST BE AT THE END OF THE LIST
+# ************************************************
+
+# For example:
+#$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT_DIR)/target/common/obj/APPS/AndroidTests_intermediates)
+#$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT_DIR)/target/common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/core_intermediates)
+#$(call add-clean-step, find $(OUT_DIR) -type f -name "IGTalkSession*" -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f)
+#$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/data/*)
+
+# Remove gpu_mem.o
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT_DIR)/soong/.intermediates/frameworks/native/services/gpuservice/bpf)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/obj/FAKE/gpu_mem.o_intermediates)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/obj/ETC/gpu_mem.o_gpu_mem.o_intermediates)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc/bpf/gpu_mem.o)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/fake_packages/gpu_mem.o-timestamp)
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/GpuService.cpp b/services/gpuservice/GpuService.cpp
index f40ce71..bad5637 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/GpuService.cpp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/GpuService.cpp
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
 #include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <gpumem/GpuMem.h>
 #include <gpustats/GpuStats.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
-
 #include <vkjson.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@
 
 const char* const GpuService::SERVICE_NAME = "gpu";
 
-GpuService::GpuService() : mGpuStats(std::make_unique<GpuStats>()){};
+GpuService::GpuService()
+      : mGpuMem(std::make_unique<GpuMem>()), mGpuStats(std::make_unique<GpuStats>()) {
+    mGpuMem->initialize();
+};
 
 void GpuService::setGpuStats(const std::string& driverPackageName,
                              const std::string& driverVersionName, uint64_t driverVersionCode,
@@ -62,6 +65,14 @@
     mGpuStats->insertTargetStats(appPackageName, driverVersionCode, stats, value);
 }
 
+void GpuService::setUpdatableDriverPath(const std::string& driverPath) {
+    developerDriverPath = driverPath;
+}
+
+std::string GpuService::getUpdatableDriverPath() {
+    return developerDriverPath;
+}
+
 status_t GpuService::shellCommand(int /*in*/, int out, int err, std::vector<String16>& args) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
@@ -90,6 +101,7 @@
     } else {
         bool dumpAll = true;
         bool dumpDriverInfo = false;
+        bool dumpMem = false;
         bool dumpStats = false;
         size_t numArgs = args.size();
 
@@ -99,15 +111,21 @@
                     dumpStats = true;
                 } else if (args[index] == String16("--gpudriverinfo")) {
                     dumpDriverInfo = true;
+                } else if (args[index] == String16("--gpumem")) {
+                    dumpMem = true;
                 }
             }
-            dumpAll = !(dumpDriverInfo || dumpStats);
+            dumpAll = !(dumpDriverInfo || dumpMem || dumpStats);
         }
 
         if (dumpAll || dumpDriverInfo) {
             dumpGameDriverInfo(&result);
             result.append("\n");
         }
+        if (dumpAll || dumpMem) {
+            mGpuMem->dump(args, &result);
+            result.append("\n");
+        }
         if (dumpAll || dumpStats) {
             mGpuStats->dump(args, &result);
             result.append("\n");
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/GpuService.h b/services/gpuservice/GpuService.h
index b3e34d5..9a0460d 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/GpuService.h
+++ b/services/gpuservice/GpuService.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+class GpuMem;
 class GpuStats;
 
 class GpuService : public BnGpuService, public PriorityDumper {
@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@
                      int64_t driverLoadingTime) override;
     void setTargetStats(const std::string& appPackageName, const uint64_t driverVersionCode,
                         const GpuStatsInfo::Stats stats, const uint64_t value) override;
+    void setUpdatableDriverPath(const std::string& driverPath) override;
+    std::string getUpdatableDriverPath() override;
 
     /*
      * IBinder interface
@@ -72,7 +75,9 @@
     /*
      * Attributes
      */
+    std::unique_ptr<GpuMem> mGpuMem;
     std::unique_ptr<GpuStats> mGpuStats;
+    std::string developerDriverPath;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/bpfprogs/Android.bp b/services/gpuservice/bpfprogs/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b875814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/bpfprogs/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+bpf {
+    name: "gpu_mem.o",
+    srcs: ["gpu_mem.c"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/bpfprogs/gpu_mem.c b/services/gpuservice/bpfprogs/gpu_mem.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c75213b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/bpfprogs/gpu_mem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <bpf_helpers.h>
+
+/*
+ * On Android the number of active processes using gpu is limited.
+ * So this is assumed to be true: SUM(num_procs_using_gpu[i]) <= 1024
+ */
+#define GPU_MEM_TOTAL_MAP_SIZE 1024
+
+/*
+ * This map maintains the global and per process gpu memory total counters.
+ *
+ * The KEY is ((gpu_id << 32) | pid) while VAL is the size in bytes.
+ * Use HASH type here since key is not int.
+ * Pass AID_GRAPHICS as gid since gpuservice is in the graphics group.
+ */
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRO(gpu_mem_total_map, HASH, uint64_t, uint64_t, GPU_MEM_TOTAL_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_GRAPHICS);
+
+/* This struct aligns with the fields offsets of the raw tracepoint format */
+struct gpu_mem_total_args {
+    uint64_t ignore;
+    /* Actual fields start at offset 8 */
+    uint32_t gpu_id;
+    uint32_t pid;
+    uint64_t size;
+};
+
+/*
+ * This program parses the gpu_mem/gpu_mem_total tracepoint's data into
+ * {KEY, VAL} pair used to update the corresponding bpf map.
+ *
+ * Pass AID_GRAPHICS as gid since gpuservice is in the graphics group.
+ * Upon seeing size 0, the corresponding KEY needs to be cleaned up.
+ */
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("tracepoint/gpu_mem/gpu_mem_total", AID_ROOT, AID_GRAPHICS, tp_gpu_mem_total)
+(struct gpu_mem_total_args* args) {
+    uint64_t key = 0;
+    uint64_t cur_val = 0;
+    uint64_t* prev_val = NULL;
+
+    /* The upper 32 bits are for gpu_id while the lower is the pid */
+    key = ((uint64_t)args->gpu_id << 32) | args->pid;
+    cur_val = args->size;
+
+    if (!cur_val) {
+        bpf_gpu_mem_total_map_delete_elem(&key);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    prev_val = bpf_gpu_mem_total_map_lookup_elem(&key);
+    if (prev_val) {
+        *prev_val = cur_val;
+    } else {
+        bpf_gpu_mem_total_map_update_elem(&key, &cur_val, BPF_NOEXIST);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "Apache 2.0";
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/gpumem/Android.bp b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2230b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libgpumem",
+    srcs: [
+        "GpuMem.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbpf",
+        "libbpf_android",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbpf_android",
+    ],
+    cppflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wformat",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+        "-Wunused",
+        "-Wunreachable-code",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/gpumem/GpuMem.cpp b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/GpuMem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d4b524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/GpuMem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "GpuMem"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "gpumem/GpuMem.h"
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <libbpf.h>
+#include <libbpf_android.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+
+using base::StringAppendF;
+
+GpuMem::~GpuMem() {
+    bpf_detach_tracepoint(kGpuMemTraceGroup, kGpuMemTotalTracepoint);
+}
+
+void GpuMem::initialize() {
+    // Make sure bpf programs are loaded
+    bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
+
+    int fd = bpf::bpfFdGet(kGpuMemTotalProgPath, BPF_F_RDONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to retrieve pinned program from %s", kGpuMemTotalProgPath);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Attach the program to the tracepoint, and the tracepoint is automatically enabled here.
+    if (bpf_attach_tracepoint(fd, kGpuMemTraceGroup, kGpuMemTotalTracepoint) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to attach bpf program to %s/%s tracepoint", kGpuMemTraceGroup,
+              kGpuMemTotalTracepoint);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Use the read-only wrapper BpfMapRO to properly retrieve the read-only map.
+    auto map = bpf::BpfMapRO<uint64_t, uint64_t>(kGpuMemTotalMapPath);
+    if (!map.isValid()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to create bpf map from %s", kGpuMemTotalMapPath);
+        return;
+    }
+    setGpuMemTotalMap(map);
+}
+
+void GpuMem::setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map) {
+    mGpuMemTotalMap = std::move(map);
+}
+
+// Dump the snapshots of global and per process memory usage on all gpus
+void GpuMem::dump(const Vector<String16>& /* args */, std::string* result) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    if (!mGpuMemTotalMap.isValid()) {
+        result->append("Failed to initialize GPU memory eBPF\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto res = mGpuMemTotalMap.getFirstKey();
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        result->append("GPU memory total usage map is empty\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    uint64_t key = res.value();
+    // unordered_map<gpu_id, vector<pair<pid, size>>>
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint64_t>>> dumpMap;
+    while (true) {
+        uint32_t gpu_id = key >> 32;
+        uint32_t pid = key;
+
+        res = mGpuMemTotalMap.readValue(key);
+        if (!res.ok()) break;
+        uint64_t size = res.value();
+
+        dumpMap[gpu_id].emplace_back(pid, size);
+
+        res = mGpuMemTotalMap.getNextKey(key);
+        if (!res.ok()) break;
+        key = res.value();
+    }
+
+    for (auto& gpu : dumpMap) {
+        if (gpu.second.empty()) continue;
+        StringAppendF(result, "Memory snapshot for GPU %u:\n", gpu.first);
+
+        std::sort(gpu.second.begin(), gpu.second.end(),
+                  [](auto& l, auto& r) { return l.first < r.first; });
+
+        int i = 0;
+        if (gpu.second[0].first != 0) {
+            StringAppendF(result, "Global total: N/A\n");
+        } else {
+            StringAppendF(result, "Global total: %" PRIu64 "\n", gpu.second[0].second);
+            i++;
+        }
+        for (; i < gpu.second.size(); i++) {
+            StringAppendF(result, "Proc %u total: %" PRIu64 "\n", gpu.second[i].first,
+                          gpu.second[i].second);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/gpumem/include/gpumem/GpuMem.h b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/include/gpumem/GpuMem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d0322a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/gpumem/include/gpumem/GpuMem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <bpf/BpfMap.h>
+#include <utils/String16.h>
+#include <utils/Vector.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class GpuMem {
+public:
+    GpuMem() = default;
+    ~GpuMem();
+
+    // initialize eBPF program and map
+    void initialize();
+    // dumpsys interface
+    void dump(const Vector<String16>& args, std::string* result);
+
+private:
+    // Friend class for testing.
+    friend class TestableGpuMem;
+
+    // set gpu memory total map
+    void setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map);
+
+    // bpf map for GPU memory total data
+    android::bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t> mGpuMemTotalMap;
+
+    // gpu memory tracepoint event category
+    static constexpr char kGpuMemTraceGroup[] = "gpu_mem";
+    // gpu memory total tracepoint
+    static constexpr char kGpuMemTotalTracepoint[] = "gpu_mem_total";
+    // pinned gpu memory total bpf c program path in bpf sysfs
+    static constexpr char kGpuMemTotalProgPath[] =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_gpu_mem_tracepoint_gpu_mem_gpu_mem_total";
+    // pinned gpu memory total bpf map path in bpf sysfs
+    static constexpr char kGpuMemTotalMapPath[] = "/sys/fs/bpf/map_gpu_mem_gpu_mem_total_map";
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 538506d..db81f5d 100644
--- a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -19,11 +19,16 @@
         address: true,
     },
     srcs: [
+        "GpuMemTest.cpp",
         "GpuStatsTest.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbpf",
+        "libbpf_android",
         "libcutils",
         "libgfxstats",
+        "libgpumem",
         "libgraphicsenv",
         "liblog",
         "libstatslog",
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTest.cpp b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ba304c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/GpuMemTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "gpuservice_unittest"
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <bpf/BpfMap.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gpumem/GpuMem.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <utils/String16.h>
+#include <utils/Vector.h>
+
+#include "TestableGpuMem.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace {
+
+using base::StringPrintf;
+using testing::HasSubstr;
+
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_MAP_SIZE = 10;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_GLOBAL_KEY = 0;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_GLOBAL_VAL = 123;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_KEY_1 = 1;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_VAL_1 = 234;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_KEY_2 = 4294967298; // (1 << 32) + 2
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PROC_VAL_2 = 345;
+
+class GpuMemTest : public testing::Test {
+public:
+    GpuMemTest() {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+                ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+    }
+
+    ~GpuMemTest() {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+                ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
+    }
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, bpf::setrlimitForTest());
+
+        mGpuMem = std::make_unique<GpuMem>();
+        mTestableGpuMem = TestableGpuMem(mGpuMem.get());
+        errno = 0;
+        mTestMap = bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE,
+                                                   BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, errno);
+        EXPECT_LE(0, mTestMap.getMap().get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mTestMap.isValid());
+    }
+
+    std::string dumpsys() {
+        std::string result;
+        Vector<String16> args;
+        mGpuMem->dump(args, &result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<GpuMem> mGpuMem;
+    TestableGpuMem mTestableGpuMem;
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t> mTestMap;
+};
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTest, validGpuMemTotalBpfPaths) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTestableGpuMem.getGpuMemTraceGroup(), "gpu_mem");
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTestableGpuMem.getGpuMemTotalTracepoint(), "gpu_mem_total");
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTestableGpuMem.getGpuMemTotalProgPath(),
+              "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_gpu_mem_tracepoint_gpu_mem_gpu_mem_total");
+    EXPECT_EQ(mTestableGpuMem.getGpuMemTotalMapPath(), "/sys/fs/bpf/map_gpu_mem_gpu_mem_total_map");
+}
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTest, bpfInitializationFailed) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(dumpsys(), "Failed to initialize GPU memory eBPF\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTest, gpuMemTotalMapEmpty) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    mTestableGpuMem.setGpuMemTotalMap(mTestMap);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(dumpsys(), "GPU memory total usage map is empty\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTest, globalMemTotal) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTestMap.writeValue(TEST_GLOBAL_KEY, TEST_GLOBAL_VAL, BPF_ANY));
+    mTestableGpuMem.setGpuMemTotalMap(mTestMap);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(dumpsys(), HasSubstr(StringPrintf("Global total: %" PRIu64 "\n", TEST_GLOBAL_VAL)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTest, missingGlobalMemTotal) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTestMap.writeValue(TEST_PROC_KEY_1, TEST_PROC_VAL_1, BPF_ANY));
+    mTestableGpuMem.setGpuMemTotalMap(mTestMap);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(dumpsys(), HasSubstr("Global total: N/A"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(GpuMemTest, procMemTotal) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTestMap.writeValue(TEST_PROC_KEY_1, TEST_PROC_VAL_1, BPF_ANY));
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTestMap.writeValue(TEST_PROC_KEY_2, TEST_PROC_VAL_2, BPF_ANY));
+    mTestableGpuMem.setGpuMemTotalMap(mTestMap);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(dumpsys(),
+                HasSubstr(StringPrintf("Memory snapshot for GPU %u:\n",
+                                       (uint32_t)(TEST_PROC_KEY_1 >> 32))));
+    EXPECT_THAT(dumpsys(),
+                HasSubstr(StringPrintf("Proc %u total: %" PRIu64 "\n", (uint32_t)TEST_PROC_KEY_1,
+                                       TEST_PROC_VAL_1)));
+    EXPECT_THAT(dumpsys(),
+                HasSubstr(StringPrintf("Memory snapshot for GPU %u:\n",
+                                       (uint32_t)(TEST_PROC_KEY_2 >> 32))));
+    EXPECT_THAT(dumpsys(),
+                HasSubstr(StringPrintf("Proc %u total: %" PRIu64 "\n", (uint32_t)TEST_PROC_KEY_2,
+                                       TEST_PROC_VAL_2)));
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/TestableGpuMem.h b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/TestableGpuMem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e4b01c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/gpuservice/tests/unittests/TestableGpuMem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <bpf/BpfMap.h>
+#include <gpumem/GpuMem.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class TestableGpuMem {
+public:
+    TestableGpuMem() = default;
+    explicit TestableGpuMem(GpuMem *gpuMem) : mGpuMem(gpuMem) {}
+
+    void setGpuMemTotalMap(bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>& map) {
+        mGpuMem->setGpuMemTotalMap(map);
+    }
+
+    std::string getGpuMemTraceGroup() { return mGpuMem->kGpuMemTraceGroup; }
+
+    std::string getGpuMemTotalTracepoint() { return mGpuMem->kGpuMemTotalTracepoint; }
+
+    std::string getGpuMemTotalProgPath() { return mGpuMem->kGpuMemTotalProgPath; }
+
+    std::string getGpuMemTotalMapPath() { return mGpuMem->kGpuMemTotalMapPath; }
+
+private:
+    GpuMem *mGpuMem;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
index a98f4b4..390c6b8 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Android.bp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "libinputdispatcher_sources",
     srcs: [
+        "AnrTracker.cpp",
         "Connection.cpp",
         "Entry.cpp",
         "InjectionState.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/AnrTracker.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/AnrTracker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3f611e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/AnrTracker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "AnrTracker.h"
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher {
+
+template <typename T>
+static T max(const T& a, const T& b) {
+    return a < b ? b : a;
+}
+
+void AnrTracker::insert(nsecs_t timeoutTime, sp<IBinder> token) {
+    mAnrTimeouts.insert(std::make_pair(timeoutTime, std::move(token)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Erase a single entry only. If there are multiple duplicate entries
+ * (same time, same connection), then only remove one of them.
+ */
+void AnrTracker::erase(nsecs_t timeoutTime, const sp<IBinder>& token) {
+    auto pair = std::make_pair(timeoutTime, token);
+    auto it = mAnrTimeouts.find(pair);
+    if (it != mAnrTimeouts.end()) {
+        mAnrTimeouts.erase(it);
+    }
+}
+
+void AnrTracker::eraseToken(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
+    for (auto it = mAnrTimeouts.begin(); it != mAnrTimeouts.end();) {
+        if (it->second == token) {
+            it = mAnrTimeouts.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool AnrTracker::empty() const {
+    return mAnrTimeouts.empty();
+}
+
+// If empty() is false, return the time at which the next connection should cause an ANR
+// If empty() is true, return LONG_LONG_MAX
+nsecs_t AnrTracker::firstTimeout() const {
+    if (mAnrTimeouts.empty()) {
+        return std::numeric_limits<nsecs_t>::max();
+    }
+    return mAnrTimeouts.begin()->first;
+}
+
+const sp<IBinder>& AnrTracker::firstToken() const {
+    return mAnrTimeouts.begin()->second;
+}
+
+void AnrTracker::clear() {
+    mAnrTimeouts.clear();
+}
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/AnrTracker.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/AnrTracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..097dba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/AnrTracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UI_INPUT_INPUTDISPATCHER_ANRTRACKER_H
+#define _UI_INPUT_INPUTDISPATCHER_ANRTRACKER_H
+
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace android::inputdispatcher {
+
+/**
+ * Keeps track of the times when each connection is going to ANR.
+ * Provides the ability to quickly find the connection that is going to cause ANR next.
+ */
+class AnrTracker {
+public:
+    void insert(nsecs_t timeoutTime, sp<IBinder> token);
+    void erase(nsecs_t timeoutTime, const sp<IBinder>& token);
+    void eraseToken(const sp<IBinder>& token);
+    void clear();
+
+    bool empty() const;
+    // If empty() is false, return the time at which the next connection should cause an ANR
+    // If empty() is true, return LONG_LONG_MAX
+    nsecs_t firstTimeout() const;
+    // Return the token of the next connection that should cause an ANR.
+    // Do not call this unless empty() is false, you will encounter undefined behaviour.
+    const sp<IBinder>& firstToken() const;
+
+private:
+    // Optimization: use a multiset to keep track of the event timeouts. When an event is sent
+    // to the InputConsumer, we add an entry to this structure. We look at the smallest value to
+    // determine if any of the connections is unresponsive, and to determine when we should wake
+    // next for the future ANR check.
+    // Using a multiset helps quickly look up the next timeout due.
+    //
+    // We must use a multi-set, because it is plausible (although highly unlikely) to have entries
+    // from the same connection and same timestamp, but different sequence numbers.
+    // We are not tracking sequence numbers, and just allow duplicates to exist.
+    std::multiset<std::pair<nsecs_t /*timeoutTime*/, sp<IBinder> /*connectionToken*/>> mAnrTimeouts;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::inputdispatcher
+
+#endif // _UI_INPUT_INPUTDISPATCHER_ANRTRACKER_H
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
index 188212b..f5ea563 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.cpp
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@
         inputChannel(inputChannel),
         monitor(monitor),
         inputPublisher(inputChannel),
-        inputState(idGenerator),
-        inputPublisherBlocked(false) {}
+        inputState(idGenerator) {}
 
 Connection::~Connection() {}
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
index bb3f2fe..3b33f29 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Connection.h
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@
     InputPublisher inputPublisher;
     InputState inputState;
 
-    // True if the socket is full and no further events can be published until
-    // the application consumes some of the input.
-    bool inputPublisherBlocked;
+    // True if this connection is responsive.
+    // If this connection is not responsive, avoid publishing more events to it until the
+    // application consumes some of the input.
+    bool responsive = true;
 
     // Queue of events that need to be published to the connection.
     std::deque<DispatchEntry*> outboundQueue;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
index 21c8ae1..fdbb1d1 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.cpp
@@ -28,38 +28,6 @@
 
 namespace android::inputdispatcher {
 
-static std::string motionActionToString(int32_t action) {
-    // Convert MotionEvent action to string
-    switch (action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK) {
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
-            return "DOWN";
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
-            return "MOVE";
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
-            return "UP";
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL:
-            return "CANCEL";
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
-            return "POINTER_DOWN";
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP:
-            return "POINTER_UP";
-    }
-    return StringPrintf("%" PRId32, action);
-}
-
-static std::string keyActionToString(int32_t action) {
-    // Convert KeyEvent action to string
-    switch (action) {
-        case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
-            return "DOWN";
-        case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
-            return "UP";
-        case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_MULTIPLE:
-            return "MULTIPLE";
-    }
-    return StringPrintf("%" PRId32, action);
-}
-
 VerifiedKeyEvent verifiedKeyEventFromKeyEntry(const KeyEntry& entry) {
     return {{VerifiedInputEvent::Type::KEY, entry.deviceId, entry.eventTime, entry.source,
              entry.displayId},
@@ -191,7 +159,7 @@
     msg += StringPrintf("(deviceId=%d, source=0x%08x, displayId=%" PRId32 ", action=%s, "
                         "flags=0x%08x, keyCode=%d, scanCode=%d, metaState=0x%08x, "
                         "repeatCount=%d), policyFlags=0x%08x",
-                        deviceId, source, displayId, keyActionToString(action).c_str(), flags,
+                        deviceId, source, displayId, KeyEvent::actionToString(action), flags,
                         keyCode, scanCode, metaState, repeatCount, policyFlags);
 }
 
@@ -253,7 +221,7 @@
                         "buttonState=0x%08x, "
                         "classification=%s, edgeFlags=0x%08x, xPrecision=%.1f, yPrecision=%.1f, "
                         "xCursorPosition=%0.1f, yCursorPosition=%0.1f, pointers=[",
-                        deviceId, source, displayId, motionActionToString(action).c_str(),
+                        deviceId, source, displayId, MotionEvent::actionToString(action),
                         actionButton, flags, metaState, buttonState,
                         motionClassificationToString(classification), edgeFlags, xPrecision,
                         yPrecision, xCursorPosition, yCursorPosition);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
index a135409..6b7697d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/Entry.h
@@ -198,7 +198,11 @@
     float globalScaleFactor;
     float windowXScale = 1.0f;
     float windowYScale = 1.0f;
+    // Both deliveryTime and timeoutTime are only populated when the entry is sent to the app,
+    // and will be undefined before that.
     nsecs_t deliveryTime; // time when the event was actually delivered
+    // An ANR will be triggered if a response for this entry is not received by timeoutTime
+    nsecs_t timeoutTime;
 
     // Set to the resolved ID, action and flags when the event is enqueued.
     int32_t resolvedEventId;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 8dddd6d..9cb1ee6 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -89,18 +89,17 @@
 // before considering it stale and dropping it.
 constexpr nsecs_t STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT = 10000 * 1000000LL; // 10sec
 
-// Amount of time to allow touch events to be streamed out to a connection before requiring
-// that the first event be finished.  This value extends the ANR timeout by the specified
-// amount.  For example, if streaming is allowed to get ahead by one second relative to the
-// queue of waiting unfinished events, then ANRs will similarly be delayed by one second.
-constexpr nsecs_t STREAM_AHEAD_EVENT_TIMEOUT = 500 * 1000000LL; // 0.5sec
-
 // Log a warning when an event takes longer than this to process, even if an ANR does not occur.
 constexpr nsecs_t SLOW_EVENT_PROCESSING_WARNING_TIMEOUT = 2000 * 1000000LL; // 2sec
 
 // Log a warning when an interception call takes longer than this to process.
 constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD = 50ms;
 
+// Additional key latency in case a connection is still processing some motion events.
+// This will help with the case when a user touched a button that opens a new window,
+// and gives us the chance to dispatch the key to this new window.
+constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds KEY_WAITING_FOR_EVENTS_TIMEOUT = 500ms;
+
 // Number of recent events to keep for debugging purposes.
 constexpr size_t RECENT_QUEUE_MAX_SIZE = 10;
 
@@ -328,6 +327,18 @@
     return dispatchEntry;
 }
 
+static void addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors,
+                               std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& outTouchedMonitors, float xOffset = 0,
+                               float yOffset = 0) {
+    if (monitors.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    outTouchedMonitors.reserve(monitors.size() + outTouchedMonitors.size());
+    for (const Monitor& monitor : monitors) {
+        outTouchedMonitors.emplace_back(monitor, xOffset, yOffset);
+    }
+}
+
 static std::array<uint8_t, 128> getRandomKey() {
     std::array<uint8_t, 128> key;
     if (RAND_bytes(key.data(), key.size()) != 1) {
@@ -392,8 +403,7 @@
         // To avoid leaking stack in case that call never comes, and for tests,
         // initialize it here anyways.
         mInTouchMode(true),
-        mFocusedDisplayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT),
-        mInputTargetWaitCause(INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_NONE) {
+        mFocusedDisplayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT) {
     mLooper = new Looper(false);
     mReporter = createInputReporter();
 
@@ -453,6 +463,11 @@
             nextWakeupTime = LONG_LONG_MIN;
         }
 
+        // If we are still waiting for ack on some events,
+        // we might have to wake up earlier to check if an app is anr'ing.
+        const nsecs_t nextAnrCheck = processAnrsLocked();
+        nextWakeupTime = std::min(nextWakeupTime, nextAnrCheck);
+
         // We are about to enter an infinitely long sleep, because we have no commands or
         // pending or queued events
         if (nextWakeupTime == LONG_LONG_MAX) {
@@ -466,6 +481,55 @@
     mLooper->pollOnce(timeoutMillis);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Check if any of the connections' wait queues have events that are too old.
+ * If we waited for events to be ack'ed for more than the window timeout, raise an ANR.
+ * Return the time at which we should wake up next.
+ */
+nsecs_t InputDispatcher::processAnrsLocked() {
+    const nsecs_t currentTime = now();
+    nsecs_t nextAnrCheck = LONG_LONG_MAX;
+    // Check if we are waiting for a focused window to appear. Raise ANR if waited too long
+    if (mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime.has_value() && mAwaitedFocusedApplication != nullptr) {
+        if (currentTime >= *mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime) {
+            onAnrLocked(mAwaitedFocusedApplication);
+            mAwaitedFocusedApplication.clear();
+            return LONG_LONG_MIN;
+        } else {
+            // Keep waiting
+            const nsecs_t millisRemaining = ns2ms(*mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime - currentTime);
+            ALOGW("Still no focused window. Will drop the event in %" PRId64 "ms", millisRemaining);
+            nextAnrCheck = *mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check if any connection ANRs are due
+    nextAnrCheck = std::min(nextAnrCheck, mAnrTracker.firstTimeout());
+    if (currentTime < nextAnrCheck) { // most likely scenario
+        return nextAnrCheck;          // everything is normal. Let's check again at nextAnrCheck
+    }
+
+    // If we reached here, we have an unresponsive connection.
+    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(mAnrTracker.firstToken());
+    if (connection == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Could not find connection for entry %" PRId64, mAnrTracker.firstTimeout());
+        return nextAnrCheck;
+    }
+    connection->responsive = false;
+    // Stop waking up for this unresponsive connection
+    mAnrTracker.eraseToken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+    onAnrLocked(connection);
+    return LONG_LONG_MIN;
+}
+
+nsecs_t InputDispatcher::getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
+    sp<InputWindowHandle> window = getWindowHandleLocked(token);
+    if (window != nullptr) {
+        return window->getDispatchingTimeout(DEFAULT_INPUT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT).count();
+    }
+    return DEFAULT_INPUT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT.count();
+}
+
 void InputDispatcher::dispatchOnceInnerLocked(nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime) {
     nsecs_t currentTime = now();
 
@@ -529,9 +593,6 @@
         if (mPendingEvent->policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER) {
             pokeUserActivityLocked(*mPendingEvent);
         }
-
-        // Get ready to dispatch the event.
-        resetAnrTimeoutsLocked();
     }
 
     // Now we have an event to dispatch.
@@ -625,24 +686,57 @@
  * Return false otherwise (the default behaviour)
  */
 bool InputDispatcher::shouldPruneInboundQueueLocked(const MotionEntry& motionEntry) {
-    bool isPointerDownEvent = motionEntry.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN &&
+    const bool isPointerDownEvent = motionEntry.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN &&
             (motionEntry.source & AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
-    if (isPointerDownEvent &&
-        mInputTargetWaitCause == INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_APPLICATION_NOT_READY &&
-        mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken != nullptr) {
+
+    // Optimize case where the current application is unresponsive and the user
+    // decides to touch a window in a different application.
+    // If the application takes too long to catch up then we drop all events preceding
+    // the touch into the other window.
+    if (isPointerDownEvent && mAwaitedFocusedApplication != nullptr) {
         int32_t displayId = motionEntry.displayId;
         int32_t x = static_cast<int32_t>(
                 motionEntry.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X));
         int32_t y = static_cast<int32_t>(
                 motionEntry.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
-        sp<InputWindowHandle> touchedWindowHandle = findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y);
+        sp<InputWindowHandle> touchedWindowHandle =
+                findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, nullptr);
         if (touchedWindowHandle != nullptr &&
-            touchedWindowHandle->getApplicationToken() != mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken) {
+            touchedWindowHandle->getApplicationToken() !=
+                    mAwaitedFocusedApplication->getApplicationToken()) {
             // User touched a different application than the one we are waiting on.
-            // Flag the event, and start pruning the input queue.
-            ALOGI("Pruning input queue because user touched a different application");
+            ALOGI("Pruning input queue because user touched a different application while waiting "
+                  "for %s",
+                  mAwaitedFocusedApplication->getName().c_str());
             return true;
         }
+
+        // Alternatively, maybe there's a gesture monitor that could handle this event
+        std::vector<TouchedMonitor> gestureMonitors =
+                findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(displayId, {});
+        for (TouchedMonitor& gestureMonitor : gestureMonitors) {
+            sp<Connection> connection =
+                    getConnectionLocked(gestureMonitor.monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+            if (connection != nullptr && connection->responsive) {
+                // This monitor could take more input. Drop all events preceding this
+                // event, so that gesture monitor could get a chance to receive the stream
+                ALOGW("Pruning the input queue because %s is unresponsive, but we have a "
+                      "responsive gesture monitor that may handle the event",
+                      mAwaitedFocusedApplication->getName().c_str());
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Prevent getting stuck: if we have a pending key event, and some motion events that have not
+    // yet been processed by some connections, the dispatcher will wait for these motion
+    // events to be processed before dispatching the key event. This is because these motion events
+    // may cause a new window to be launched, which the user might expect to receive focus.
+    // To prevent waiting forever for such events, just send the key to the currently focused window
+    if (isPointerDownEvent && mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout) {
+        ALOGD("Received a new pointer down event, stop waiting for events to process and "
+              "just send the pending key event to the focused window.");
+        mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout = now();
     }
     return false;
 }
@@ -676,10 +770,6 @@
         }
 
         case EventEntry::Type::MOTION: {
-            // Optimize case where the current application is unresponsive and the user
-            // decides to touch a window in a different application.
-            // If the application takes too long to catch up then we drop all events preceding
-            // the touch into the other window.
             if (shouldPruneInboundQueueLocked(static_cast<MotionEntry&>(*entry))) {
                 mNextUnblockedEvent = entry;
                 needWake = true;
@@ -710,8 +800,13 @@
 }
 
 sp<InputWindowHandle> InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x,
-                                                                 int32_t y, bool addOutsideTargets,
+                                                                 int32_t y, TouchState* touchState,
+                                                                 bool addOutsideTargets,
                                                                  bool addPortalWindows) {
+    if ((addPortalWindows || addOutsideTargets) && touchState == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(
+                "Must provide a valid touch state if adding portal windows or outside targets");
+    }
     // Traverse windows from front to back to find touched window.
     const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
     for (const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle : windowHandles) {
@@ -730,9 +825,9 @@
                             portalToDisplayId != displayId) {
                             if (addPortalWindows) {
                                 // For the monitoring channels of the display.
-                                mTempTouchState.addPortalWindow(windowHandle);
+                                touchState->addPortalWindow(windowHandle);
                             }
-                            return findTouchedWindowAtLocked(portalToDisplayId, x, y,
+                            return findTouchedWindowAtLocked(portalToDisplayId, x, y, touchState,
                                                              addOutsideTargets, addPortalWindows);
                         }
                         // Found window.
@@ -741,9 +836,9 @@
                 }
 
                 if (addOutsideTargets && (flags & InputWindowInfo::FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH)) {
-                    mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(windowHandle,
-                                                      InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE,
-                                                      BitSet32(0));
+                    touchState->addOrUpdateWindow(windowHandle,
+                                                  InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE,
+                                                  BitSet32(0));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -752,7 +847,7 @@
 }
 
 std::vector<TouchedMonitor> InputDispatcher::findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(
-        int32_t displayId, const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>>& portalWindows) {
+        int32_t displayId, const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>>& portalWindows) const {
     std::vector<TouchedMonitor> touchedMonitors;
 
     std::vector<Monitor> monitors = getValueByKey(mGestureMonitorsByDisplay, displayId);
@@ -766,18 +861,6 @@
     return touchedMonitors;
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors,
-                                         std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& outTouchedMonitors,
-                                         float xOffset, float yOffset) {
-    if (monitors.empty()) {
-        return;
-    }
-    outTouchedMonitors.reserve(monitors.size() + outTouchedMonitors.size());
-    for (const Monitor& monitor : monitors) {
-        outTouchedMonitors.emplace_back(monitor, xOffset, yOffset);
-    }
-}
-
 void InputDispatcher::dropInboundEventLocked(const EventEntry& entry, DropReason dropReason) {
     const char* reason;
     switch (dropReason) {
@@ -901,7 +984,6 @@
 
 void InputDispatcher::releasePendingEventLocked() {
     if (mPendingEvent) {
-        resetAnrTimeoutsLocked();
         releaseInboundEventLocked(mPendingEvent);
         mPendingEvent = nullptr;
     }
@@ -1197,9 +1279,10 @@
     addGlobalMonitoringTargetsLocked(inputTargets, getTargetDisplayId(*entry));
 
     if (isPointerEvent) {
-        ssize_t stateIndex = mTouchStatesByDisplay.indexOfKey(entry->displayId);
-        if (stateIndex >= 0) {
-            const TouchState& state = mTouchStatesByDisplay.valueAt(stateIndex);
+        std::unordered_map<int32_t, TouchState>::iterator it =
+                mTouchStatesByDisplay.find(entry->displayId);
+        if (it != mTouchStatesByDisplay.end()) {
+            const TouchState& state = it->second;
             if (!state.portalWindows.empty()) {
                 // The event has gone through these portal windows, so we add monitoring targets of
                 // the corresponding displays as well.
@@ -1278,109 +1361,29 @@
     }
 }
 
-int32_t InputDispatcher::handleTargetsNotReadyLocked(
-        nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry,
-        const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& applicationHandle,
-        const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle, nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime, const char* reason) {
-    if (applicationHandle == nullptr && windowHandle == nullptr) {
-        if (mInputTargetWaitCause != INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_SYSTEM_NOT_READY) {
-            if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
-                ALOGD("Waiting for system to become ready for input.  Reason: %s", reason);
-            }
-            mInputTargetWaitCause = INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_SYSTEM_NOT_READY;
-            mInputTargetWaitStartTime = currentTime;
-            mInputTargetWaitTimeoutTime = LONG_LONG_MAX;
-            mInputTargetWaitTimeoutExpired = false;
-            mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken.clear();
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (mInputTargetWaitCause != INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_APPLICATION_NOT_READY) {
-            ALOGI("Waiting for application to become ready for input: %s.  Reason: %s",
-                  getApplicationWindowLabel(applicationHandle, windowHandle).c_str(), reason);
-            std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout;
-            if (windowHandle != nullptr) {
-                timeout = windowHandle->getDispatchingTimeout(DEFAULT_INPUT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
-            } else if (applicationHandle != nullptr) {
-                timeout =
-                        applicationHandle->getDispatchingTimeout(DEFAULT_INPUT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
-            } else {
-                timeout = DEFAULT_INPUT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT;
-            }
-
-            mInputTargetWaitCause = INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_APPLICATION_NOT_READY;
-            mInputTargetWaitStartTime = currentTime;
-            mInputTargetWaitTimeoutTime = currentTime + timeout.count();
-            mInputTargetWaitTimeoutExpired = false;
-            mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken.clear();
-
-            if (windowHandle != nullptr) {
-                mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken = windowHandle->getApplicationToken();
-            }
-            if (mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken == nullptr && applicationHandle != nullptr) {
-                mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken = applicationHandle->getApplicationToken();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (mInputTargetWaitTimeoutExpired) {
-        return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_TIMED_OUT;
-    }
-
-    if (currentTime >= mInputTargetWaitTimeoutTime) {
-        onAnrLocked(currentTime, applicationHandle, windowHandle, entry.eventTime,
-                    mInputTargetWaitStartTime, reason);
-
-        // Force poll loop to wake up immediately on next iteration once we get the
-        // ANR response back from the policy.
-        *nextWakeupTime = LONG_LONG_MIN;
-        return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PENDING;
-    } else {
-        // Force poll loop to wake up when timeout is due.
-        if (mInputTargetWaitTimeoutTime < *nextWakeupTime) {
-            *nextWakeupTime = mInputTargetWaitTimeoutTime;
-        }
-        return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PENDING;
+void InputDispatcher::cancelEventsForAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+    // We will not be breaking any connections here, even if the policy wants us to abort dispatch.
+    // If the policy decides to close the app, we will get a channel removal event via
+    // unregisterInputChannel, and will clean up the connection that way. We are already not
+    // sending new pointers to the connection when it blocked, but focused events will continue to
+    // pile up.
+    ALOGW("Canceling events for %s because it is unresponsive",
+          connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str());
+    if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
+        CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS,
+                                   "application not responding");
+        synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
     }
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::removeWindowByTokenLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) {
-    for (size_t d = 0; d < mTouchStatesByDisplay.size(); d++) {
-        TouchState& state = mTouchStatesByDisplay.editValueAt(d);
-        state.removeWindowByToken(token);
-    }
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::resumeAfterTargetsNotReadyTimeoutLocked(
-        nsecs_t timeoutExtension, const sp<IBinder>& inputConnectionToken) {
-    if (timeoutExtension > 0) {
-        // Extend the timeout.
-        mInputTargetWaitTimeoutTime = now() + timeoutExtension;
-    } else {
-        // Give up.
-        mInputTargetWaitTimeoutExpired = true;
-
-        // Input state will not be realistic.  Mark it out of sync.
-        sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(inputConnectionToken);
-        if (connection != nullptr) {
-            removeWindowByTokenLocked(inputConnectionToken);
-
-            if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
-                CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS,
-                                           "application not responding");
-                synthesizeCancelationEventsForConnectionLocked(connection, options);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void InputDispatcher::resetAnrTimeoutsLocked() {
+void InputDispatcher::resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked() {
     if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
         ALOGD("Resetting ANR timeouts.");
     }
 
     // Reset input target wait timeout.
-    mInputTargetWaitCause = INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_NONE;
-    mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken.clear();
+    mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime = std::nullopt;
+    mAwaitedFocusedApplication.clear();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1411,6 +1414,36 @@
     return displayId == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE ? mFocusedDisplayId : displayId;
 }
 
+bool InputDispatcher::shouldWaitToSendKeyLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
+                                                const char* focusedWindowName) {
+    if (mAnrTracker.empty()) {
+        // already processed all events that we waited for
+        mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout = std::nullopt;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout.has_value()) {
+        // Start the timer
+        ALOGD("Waiting to send key to %s because there are unprocessed events that may cause "
+              "focus to change",
+              focusedWindowName);
+        mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout = currentTime + KEY_WAITING_FOR_EVENTS_TIMEOUT.count();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // We still have pending events, and already started the timer
+    if (currentTime < *mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout) {
+        return true; // Still waiting
+    }
+
+    // Waited too long, and some connection still hasn't processed all motions
+    // Just send the key to the focused window
+    ALOGW("Dispatching key to %s even though there are other unprocessed events",
+          focusedWindowName);
+    mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout = std::nullopt;
+    return false;
+}
+
 int32_t InputDispatcher::findFocusedWindowTargetsLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                                         const EventEntry& entry,
                                                         std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets,
@@ -1425,31 +1458,70 @@
 
     // If there is no currently focused window and no focused application
     // then drop the event.
-    if (focusedWindowHandle == nullptr) {
-        if (focusedApplicationHandle != nullptr) {
-            return handleTargetsNotReadyLocked(currentTime, entry, focusedApplicationHandle,
-                                               nullptr, nextWakeupTime,
-                                               "Waiting because no window has focus but there is "
-                                               "a focused application that may eventually add a "
-                                               "window when it finishes starting up.");
-        }
-
-        ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no focused window or focused application in display "
-              "%" PRId32 ".",
-              displayId);
+    if (focusedWindowHandle == nullptr && focusedApplicationHandle == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("Dropping %s event because there is no focused window or focused application in "
+              "display %" PRId32 ".",
+              EventEntry::typeToString(entry.type), displayId);
         return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED;
     }
 
+    // Compatibility behavior: raise ANR if there is a focused application, but no focused window.
+    // Only start counting when we have a focused event to dispatch. The ANR is canceled if we
+    // start interacting with another application via touch (app switch). This code can be removed
+    // if the "no focused window ANR" is moved to the policy. Input doesn't know whether
+    // an app is expected to have a focused window.
+    if (focusedWindowHandle == nullptr && focusedApplicationHandle != nullptr) {
+        if (!mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime.has_value()) {
+            // We just discovered that there's no focused window. Start the ANR timer
+            const nsecs_t timeout = focusedApplicationHandle->getDispatchingTimeout(
+                    DEFAULT_INPUT_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT.count());
+            mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime = currentTime + timeout;
+            mAwaitedFocusedApplication = focusedApplicationHandle;
+            ALOGW("Waiting because no window has focus but %s may eventually add a "
+                  "window when it finishes starting up. Will wait for %" PRId64 "ms",
+                  mAwaitedFocusedApplication->getName().c_str(), ns2ms(timeout));
+            *nextWakeupTime = *mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime;
+            return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PENDING;
+        } else if (currentTime > *mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime) {
+            // Already raised ANR. Drop the event
+            ALOGE("Dropping %s event because there is no focused window",
+                  EventEntry::typeToString(entry.type));
+            return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED;
+        } else {
+            // Still waiting for the focused window
+            return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PENDING;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // we have a valid, non-null focused window
+    resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked();
+
     // Check permissions.
     if (!checkInjectionPermission(focusedWindowHandle, entry.injectionState)) {
         return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PERMISSION_DENIED;
     }
 
-    // Check whether the window is ready for more input.
-    reason = checkWindowReadyForMoreInputLocked(currentTime, focusedWindowHandle, entry, "focused");
-    if (!reason.empty()) {
-        return handleTargetsNotReadyLocked(currentTime, entry, focusedApplicationHandle,
-                                           focusedWindowHandle, nextWakeupTime, reason.c_str());
+    if (focusedWindowHandle->getInfo()->paused) {
+        ALOGI("Waiting because %s is paused", focusedWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
+        return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PENDING;
+    }
+
+    // If the event is a key event, then we must wait for all previous events to
+    // complete before delivering it because previous events may have the
+    // side-effect of transferring focus to a different window and we want to
+    // ensure that the following keys are sent to the new window.
+    //
+    // Suppose the user touches a button in a window then immediately presses "A".
+    // If the button causes a pop-up window to appear then we want to ensure that
+    // the "A" key is delivered to the new pop-up window.  This is because users
+    // often anticipate pending UI changes when typing on a keyboard.
+    // To obtain this behavior, we must serialize key events with respect to all
+    // prior input events.
+    if (entry.type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
+        if (shouldWaitToSendKeyLocked(currentTime, focusedWindowHandle->getName().c_str())) {
+            *nextWakeupTime = *mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout;
+            return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PENDING;
+        }
     }
 
     // Success!  Output targets.
@@ -1461,6 +1533,32 @@
     return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Given a list of monitors, remove the ones we cannot find a connection for, and the ones
+ * that are currently unresponsive.
+ */
+std::vector<TouchedMonitor> InputDispatcher::selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
+        const std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& monitors) const {
+    std::vector<TouchedMonitor> responsiveMonitors;
+    std::copy_if(monitors.begin(), monitors.end(), std::back_inserter(responsiveMonitors),
+                 [this](const TouchedMonitor& monitor) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+                     sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(
+                             monitor.monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                     if (connection == nullptr) {
+                         ALOGE("Could not find connection for monitor %s",
+                               monitor.monitor.inputChannel->getName().c_str());
+                         return false;
+                     }
+                     if (!connection->responsive) {
+                         ALOGW("Unresponsive monitor %s will not get the new gesture",
+                               connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str());
+                         return false;
+                     }
+                     return true;
+                 });
+    return responsiveMonitors;
+}
+
 int32_t InputDispatcher::findTouchedWindowTargetsLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
                                                         const MotionEntry& entry,
                                                         std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets,
@@ -1484,20 +1582,22 @@
     InjectionPermission injectionPermission = INJECTION_PERMISSION_UNKNOWN;
     sp<InputWindowHandle> newHoverWindowHandle;
 
-    // Copy current touch state into mTempTouchState.
-    // This state is always reset at the end of this function, so if we don't find state
-    // for the specified display then our initial state will be empty.
+    // Copy current touch state into tempTouchState.
+    // This state will be used to update mTouchStatesByDisplay at the end of this function.
+    // If no state for the specified display exists, then our initial state will be empty.
     const TouchState* oldState = nullptr;
-    ssize_t oldStateIndex = mTouchStatesByDisplay.indexOfKey(displayId);
-    if (oldStateIndex >= 0) {
-        oldState = &mTouchStatesByDisplay.valueAt(oldStateIndex);
-        mTempTouchState.copyFrom(*oldState);
+    TouchState tempTouchState;
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, TouchState>::iterator oldStateIt =
+            mTouchStatesByDisplay.find(displayId);
+    if (oldStateIt != mTouchStatesByDisplay.end()) {
+        oldState = &(oldStateIt->second);
+        tempTouchState.copyFrom(*oldState);
     }
 
-    bool isSplit = mTempTouchState.split;
-    bool switchedDevice = mTempTouchState.deviceId >= 0 && mTempTouchState.displayId >= 0 &&
-            (mTempTouchState.deviceId != entry.deviceId || mTempTouchState.source != entry.source ||
-             mTempTouchState.displayId != displayId);
+    bool isSplit = tempTouchState.split;
+    bool switchedDevice = tempTouchState.deviceId >= 0 && tempTouchState.displayId >= 0 &&
+            (tempTouchState.deviceId != entry.deviceId || tempTouchState.source != entry.source ||
+             tempTouchState.displayId != displayId);
     bool isHoverAction = (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE ||
                           maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
                           maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT);
@@ -1507,30 +1607,26 @@
     bool wrongDevice = false;
     if (newGesture) {
         bool down = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
-        if (switchedDevice && mTempTouchState.down && !down && !isHoverAction) {
-            if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
-                ALOGD("Dropping event because a pointer for a different device is already down "
-                      "in display %" PRId32,
-                      displayId);
-            }
+        if (switchedDevice && tempTouchState.down && !down && !isHoverAction) {
+            ALOGI("Dropping event because a pointer for a different device is already down "
+                  "in display %" PRId32,
+                  displayId);
             // TODO: test multiple simultaneous input streams.
             injectionResult = INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED;
             switchedDevice = false;
             wrongDevice = true;
             goto Failed;
         }
-        mTempTouchState.reset();
-        mTempTouchState.down = down;
-        mTempTouchState.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
-        mTempTouchState.source = entry.source;
-        mTempTouchState.displayId = displayId;
+        tempTouchState.reset();
+        tempTouchState.down = down;
+        tempTouchState.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
+        tempTouchState.source = entry.source;
+        tempTouchState.displayId = displayId;
         isSplit = false;
     } else if (switchedDevice && maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE) {
-        if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
-            ALOGI("Dropping move event because a pointer for a different device is already active "
-                  "in display %" PRId32,
-                  displayId);
-        }
+        ALOGI("Dropping move event because a pointer for a different device is already active "
+              "in display %" PRId32,
+              displayId);
         // TODO: test multiple simultaneous input streams.
         injectionResult = INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_PERMISSION_DENIED;
         switchedDevice = false;
@@ -1554,11 +1650,11 @@
         }
         bool isDown = maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN;
         sp<InputWindowHandle> newTouchedWindowHandle =
-                findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, isDown /*addOutsideTargets*/,
-                                          true /*addPortalWindows*/);
+                findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, &tempTouchState,
+                                          isDown /*addOutsideTargets*/, true /*addPortalWindows*/);
 
         std::vector<TouchedMonitor> newGestureMonitors = isDown
-                ? findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(displayId, mTempTouchState.portalWindows)
+                ? findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(displayId, tempTouchState.portalWindows)
                 : std::vector<TouchedMonitor>{};
 
         // Figure out whether splitting will be allowed for this window.
@@ -1575,9 +1671,32 @@
         // Handle the case where we did not find a window.
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr) {
             // Try to assign the pointer to the first foreground window we find, if there is one.
-            newTouchedWindowHandle = mTempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
+            newTouchedWindowHandle = tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
         }
 
+        if (newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr && newTouchedWindowHandle->getInfo()->paused) {
+            ALOGI("Not sending touch event to %s because it is paused",
+                  newTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
+            newTouchedWindowHandle = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
+            sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(newTouchedWindowHandle->getToken());
+            if (connection == nullptr) {
+                ALOGI("Could not find connection for %s",
+                      newTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
+                newTouchedWindowHandle = nullptr;
+            } else if (!connection->responsive) {
+                // don't send the new touch to an unresponsive window
+                ALOGW("Unresponsive window %s will not get the new gesture at %" PRIu64,
+                      newTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str(), entry.eventTime);
+                newTouchedWindowHandle = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Also don't send the new touch event to unresponsive gesture monitors
+        newGestureMonitors = selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(newGestureMonitors);
+
         if (newTouchedWindowHandle == nullptr && newGestureMonitors.empty()) {
             ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no touchable window or gesture monitor at "
                   "(%d, %d) in display %" PRId32 ".",
@@ -1611,15 +1730,15 @@
                 uint32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id;
                 pointerIds.markBit(pointerId);
             }
-            mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newTouchedWindowHandle, targetFlags, pointerIds);
+            tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newTouchedWindowHandle, targetFlags, pointerIds);
         }
 
-        mTempTouchState.addGestureMonitors(newGestureMonitors);
+        tempTouchState.addGestureMonitors(newGestureMonitors);
     } else {
         /* Case 2: Pointer move, up, cancel or non-splittable pointer down. */
 
         // If the pointer is not currently down, then ignore the event.
-        if (!mTempTouchState.down) {
+        if (!tempTouchState.down) {
             if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
                 ALOGD("Dropping event because the pointer is not down or we previously "
                       "dropped the pointer down event in display %" PRId32,
@@ -1631,14 +1750,14 @@
 
         // Check whether touches should slip outside of the current foreground window.
         if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE && entry.pointerCount == 1 &&
-            mTempTouchState.isSlippery()) {
+            tempTouchState.isSlippery()) {
             int32_t x = int32_t(entry.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X));
             int32_t y = int32_t(entry.pointerCoords[0].getAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y));
 
             sp<InputWindowHandle> oldTouchedWindowHandle =
-                    mTempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
+                    tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
             sp<InputWindowHandle> newTouchedWindowHandle =
-                    findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y);
+                    findTouchedWindowAtLocked(displayId, x, y, &tempTouchState);
             if (oldTouchedWindowHandle != newTouchedWindowHandle &&
                 oldTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr && newTouchedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
                 if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
@@ -1647,9 +1766,9 @@
                           newTouchedWindowHandle->getName().c_str(), displayId);
                 }
                 // Make a slippery exit from the old window.
-                mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(oldTouchedWindowHandle,
-                                                  InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_SLIPPERY_EXIT,
-                                                  BitSet32(0));
+                tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(oldTouchedWindowHandle,
+                                                 InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_SLIPPERY_EXIT,
+                                                 BitSet32(0));
 
                 // Make a slippery entrance into the new window.
                 if (newTouchedWindowHandle->getInfo()->supportsSplitTouch()) {
@@ -1669,7 +1788,7 @@
                 if (isSplit) {
                     pointerIds.markBit(entry.pointerProperties[0].id);
                 }
-                mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newTouchedWindowHandle, targetFlags, pointerIds);
+                tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newTouchedWindowHandle, targetFlags, pointerIds);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1681,9 +1800,8 @@
             ALOGD("Sending hover exit event to window %s.",
                   mLastHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
 #endif
-            mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(mLastHoverWindowHandle,
-                                              InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_EXIT,
-                                              BitSet32(0));
+            tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(mLastHoverWindowHandle,
+                                             InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_EXIT, BitSet32(0));
         }
 
         // Let the new window know that the hover sequence is starting.
@@ -1692,9 +1810,9 @@
             ALOGD("Sending hover enter event to window %s.",
                   newHoverWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
 #endif
-            mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newHoverWindowHandle,
-                                              InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_ENTER,
-                                              BitSet32(0));
+            tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(newHoverWindowHandle,
+                                             InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_HOVER_ENTER,
+                                             BitSet32(0));
         }
     }
 
@@ -1702,7 +1820,7 @@
     // is at least one touched foreground window.
     {
         bool haveForegroundWindow = false;
-        for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : mTempTouchState.windows) {
+        for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : tempTouchState.windows) {
             if (touchedWindow.targetFlags & InputTarget::FLAG_FOREGROUND) {
                 haveForegroundWindow = true;
                 if (!checkInjectionPermission(touchedWindow.windowHandle, entry.injectionState)) {
@@ -1712,13 +1830,11 @@
                 }
             }
         }
-        bool hasGestureMonitor = !mTempTouchState.gestureMonitors.empty();
+        bool hasGestureMonitor = !tempTouchState.gestureMonitors.empty();
         if (!haveForegroundWindow && !hasGestureMonitor) {
-            if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
-                ALOGD("Dropping event because there is no touched foreground window in display "
-                      "%" PRId32 " or gesture monitor to receive it.",
-                      displayId);
-            }
+            ALOGI("Dropping event because there is no touched foreground window in display "
+                  "%" PRId32 " or gesture monitor to receive it.",
+                  displayId);
             injectionResult = INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED;
             goto Failed;
         }
@@ -1731,37 +1847,22 @@
     // set the policy flag that we will not reveal coordinate information to this window.
     if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
         sp<InputWindowHandle> foregroundWindowHandle =
-                mTempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
+                tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
         if (foregroundWindowHandle) {
             const int32_t foregroundWindowUid = foregroundWindowHandle->getInfo()->ownerUid;
-            for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : mTempTouchState.windows) {
+            for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : tempTouchState.windows) {
                 if (touchedWindow.targetFlags & InputTarget::FLAG_DISPATCH_AS_OUTSIDE) {
                     sp<InputWindowHandle> inputWindowHandle = touchedWindow.windowHandle;
                     if (inputWindowHandle->getInfo()->ownerUid != foregroundWindowUid) {
-                        mTempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(inputWindowHandle,
-                                                          InputTarget::FLAG_ZERO_COORDS,
-                                                          BitSet32(0));
+                        tempTouchState.addOrUpdateWindow(inputWindowHandle,
+                                                         InputTarget::FLAG_ZERO_COORDS,
+                                                         BitSet32(0));
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    // Ensure all touched foreground windows are ready for new input.
-    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : mTempTouchState.windows) {
-        if (touchedWindow.targetFlags & InputTarget::FLAG_FOREGROUND) {
-            // Check whether the window is ready for more input.
-            std::string reason =
-                    checkWindowReadyForMoreInputLocked(currentTime, touchedWindow.windowHandle,
-                                                       entry, "touched");
-            if (!reason.empty()) {
-                return handleTargetsNotReadyLocked(currentTime, entry, nullptr,
-                                                   touchedWindow.windowHandle, nextWakeupTime,
-                                                   reason.c_str());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     // If this is the first pointer going down and the touched window has a wallpaper
     // then also add the touched wallpaper windows so they are locked in for the duration
     // of the touch gesture.
@@ -1770,7 +1871,7 @@
     // to View.onGenericMotionEvent to enable wallpapers to handle these events.
     if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
         sp<InputWindowHandle> foregroundWindowHandle =
-                mTempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
+                tempTouchState.getFirstForegroundWindowHandle();
         if (foregroundWindowHandle && foregroundWindowHandle->getInfo()->hasWallpaper) {
             const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> windowHandles =
                     getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
@@ -1778,7 +1879,7 @@
                 const InputWindowInfo* info = windowHandle->getInfo();
                 if (info->displayId == displayId &&
                     windowHandle->getInfo()->layoutParamsType == InputWindowInfo::TYPE_WALLPAPER) {
-                    mTempTouchState
+                    tempTouchState
                             .addOrUpdateWindow(windowHandle,
                                                InputTarget::FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED |
                                                        InputTarget::
@@ -1793,19 +1894,19 @@
     // Success!  Output targets.
     injectionResult = INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED;
 
-    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : mTempTouchState.windows) {
+    for (const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow : tempTouchState.windows) {
         addWindowTargetLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, touchedWindow.targetFlags,
                               touchedWindow.pointerIds, inputTargets);
     }
 
-    for (const TouchedMonitor& touchedMonitor : mTempTouchState.gestureMonitors) {
+    for (const TouchedMonitor& touchedMonitor : tempTouchState.gestureMonitors) {
         addMonitoringTargetLocked(touchedMonitor.monitor, touchedMonitor.xOffset,
                                   touchedMonitor.yOffset, inputTargets);
     }
 
     // Drop the outside or hover touch windows since we will not care about them
     // in the next iteration.
-    mTempTouchState.filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
+    tempTouchState.filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
 
 Failed:
     // Check injection permission once and for all.
@@ -1839,17 +1940,17 @@
                 }
                 *outConflictingPointerActions = true;
             }
-            mTempTouchState.reset();
+            tempTouchState.reset();
             if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
                 maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
-                mTempTouchState.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
-                mTempTouchState.source = entry.source;
-                mTempTouchState.displayId = displayId;
+                tempTouchState.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
+                tempTouchState.source = entry.source;
+                tempTouchState.displayId = displayId;
             }
         } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP ||
                    maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
             // All pointers up or canceled.
-            mTempTouchState.reset();
+            tempTouchState.reset();
         } else if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
             // First pointer went down.
             if (oldState && oldState->down) {
@@ -1864,12 +1965,12 @@
                 int32_t pointerIndex = getMotionEventActionPointerIndex(action);
                 uint32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[pointerIndex].id;
 
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < mTempTouchState.windows.size();) {
-                    TouchedWindow& touchedWindow = mTempTouchState.windows[i];
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < tempTouchState.windows.size();) {
+                    TouchedWindow& touchedWindow = tempTouchState.windows[i];
                     if (touchedWindow.targetFlags & InputTarget::FLAG_SPLIT) {
                         touchedWindow.pointerIds.clearBit(pointerId);
                         if (touchedWindow.pointerIds.isEmpty()) {
-                            mTempTouchState.windows.erase(mTempTouchState.windows.begin() + i);
+                            tempTouchState.windows.erase(tempTouchState.windows.begin() + i);
                             continue;
                         }
                     }
@@ -1881,14 +1982,10 @@
         // Save changes unless the action was scroll in which case the temporary touch
         // state was only valid for this one action.
         if (maskedAction != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL) {
-            if (mTempTouchState.displayId >= 0) {
-                if (oldStateIndex >= 0) {
-                    mTouchStatesByDisplay.editValueAt(oldStateIndex).copyFrom(mTempTouchState);
-                } else {
-                    mTouchStatesByDisplay.add(displayId, mTempTouchState);
-                }
-            } else if (oldStateIndex >= 0) {
-                mTouchStatesByDisplay.removeItemsAt(oldStateIndex);
+            if (tempTouchState.displayId >= 0) {
+                mTouchStatesByDisplay[displayId] = tempTouchState;
+            } else {
+                mTouchStatesByDisplay.erase(displayId);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1991,16 +2088,11 @@
     auto otherInfo = otherHandle->getInfo();
     if (!otherInfo->visible) {
         return false;
-    } else if (info->ownerPid == otherInfo->ownerPid && otherHandle->getToken() == nullptr) {
-      // In general, if ownerPid is the same we don't want to generate occlusion
-      // events. This line is now necessary since we are including all Surfaces
-      // in occlusion calculation, so if we didn't check PID like this SurfaceView
-      // would occlude their parents. On the other hand before we started including
-      // all surfaces in occlusion calculation and had this line, we would count
-      // windows with an input channel from the same PID as occluding, and so we
-      // preserve this behavior with the getToken() == null check.
+    } else if (info->ownerPid == otherInfo->ownerPid) {
+        // If ownerPid is the same we don't generate occlusion events as there
+        // is no in-process security boundary.
         return false;
-    } else if (otherInfo->isTrustedOverlay()) {
+    } else if (otherInfo->trustedOverlay) {
         return false;
     } else if (otherInfo->displayId != info->displayId) {
         return false;
@@ -2017,7 +2109,7 @@
             break; // All future windows are below us. Exit early.
         }
         const InputWindowInfo* otherInfo = otherHandle->getInfo();
-          if (canBeObscuredBy(windowHandle, otherHandle) &&
+        if (canBeObscuredBy(windowHandle, otherHandle) &&
             otherInfo->frameContainsPoint(x, y)) {
             return true;
         }
@@ -2033,7 +2125,6 @@
         if (windowHandle == otherHandle) {
             break; // All future windows are below us. Exit early.
         }
-
         const InputWindowInfo* otherInfo = otherHandle->getInfo();
         if (canBeObscuredBy(windowHandle, otherHandle) &&
             otherInfo->overlaps(windowInfo)) {
@@ -2043,92 +2134,6 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-std::string InputDispatcher::checkWindowReadyForMoreInputLocked(
-        nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
-        const EventEntry& eventEntry, const char* targetType) {
-    // If the window is paused then keep waiting.
-    if (windowHandle->getInfo()->paused) {
-        return StringPrintf("Waiting because the %s window is paused.", targetType);
-    }
-
-    // If the window's connection is not registered then keep waiting.
-    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(windowHandle->getToken());
-    if (connection == nullptr) {
-        return StringPrintf("Waiting because the %s window's input channel is not "
-                            "registered with the input dispatcher.  The window may be in the "
-                            "process of being removed.",
-                            targetType);
-    }
-
-    // If the connection is dead then keep waiting.
-    if (connection->status != Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
-        return StringPrintf("Waiting because the %s window's input connection is %s."
-                            "The window may be in the process of being removed.",
-                            targetType, connection->getStatusLabel());
-    }
-
-    // If the connection is backed up then keep waiting.
-    if (connection->inputPublisherBlocked) {
-        return StringPrintf("Waiting because the %s window's input channel is full.  "
-                            "Outbound queue length: %zu.  Wait queue length: %zu.",
-                            targetType, connection->outboundQueue.size(),
-                            connection->waitQueue.size());
-    }
-
-    // Ensure that the dispatch queues aren't too far backed up for this event.
-    if (eventEntry.type == EventEntry::Type::KEY) {
-        // If the event is a key event, then we must wait for all previous events to
-        // complete before delivering it because previous events may have the
-        // side-effect of transferring focus to a different window and we want to
-        // ensure that the following keys are sent to the new window.
-        //
-        // Suppose the user touches a button in a window then immediately presses "A".
-        // If the button causes a pop-up window to appear then we want to ensure that
-        // the "A" key is delivered to the new pop-up window.  This is because users
-        // often anticipate pending UI changes when typing on a keyboard.
-        // To obtain this behavior, we must serialize key events with respect to all
-        // prior input events.
-        if (!connection->outboundQueue.empty() || !connection->waitQueue.empty()) {
-            return StringPrintf("Waiting to send key event because the %s window has not "
-                                "finished processing all of the input events that were previously "
-                                "delivered to it.  Outbound queue length: %zu.  Wait queue length: "
-                                "%zu.",
-                                targetType, connection->outboundQueue.size(),
-                                connection->waitQueue.size());
-        }
-    } else {
-        // Touch events can always be sent to a window immediately because the user intended
-        // to touch whatever was visible at the time.  Even if focus changes or a new
-        // window appears moments later, the touch event was meant to be delivered to
-        // whatever window happened to be on screen at the time.
-        //
-        // Generic motion events, such as trackball or joystick events are a little trickier.
-        // Like key events, generic motion events are delivered to the focused window.
-        // Unlike key events, generic motion events don't tend to transfer focus to other
-        // windows and it is not important for them to be serialized.  So we prefer to deliver
-        // generic motion events as soon as possible to improve efficiency and reduce lag
-        // through batching.
-        //
-        // The one case where we pause input event delivery is when the wait queue is piling
-        // up with lots of events because the application is not responding.
-        // This condition ensures that ANRs are detected reliably.
-        if (!connection->waitQueue.empty() &&
-            currentTime >=
-                    connection->waitQueue.front()->deliveryTime + STREAM_AHEAD_EVENT_TIMEOUT) {
-            return StringPrintf("Waiting to send non-key event because the %s window has not "
-                                "finished processing certain input events that were delivered to "
-                                "it over "
-                                "%0.1fms ago.  Wait queue length: %zu.  Wait queue head age: "
-                                "%0.1fms.",
-                                targetType, STREAM_AHEAD_EVENT_TIMEOUT * 0.000001f,
-                                connection->waitQueue.size(),
-                                (currentTime - connection->waitQueue.front()->deliveryTime) *
-                                        0.000001f);
-        }
-    }
-    return "";
-}
-
 std::string InputDispatcher::getApplicationWindowLabel(
         const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& applicationHandle,
         const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle) {
@@ -2461,6 +2466,9 @@
     while (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL && !connection->outboundQueue.empty()) {
         DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = connection->outboundQueue.front();
         dispatchEntry->deliveryTime = currentTime;
+        const nsecs_t timeout =
+                getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+        dispatchEntry->timeoutTime = currentTime + timeout;
 
         // Publish the event.
         status_t status;
@@ -2580,7 +2588,6 @@
                           "waiting for the application to catch up",
                           connection->getInputChannelName().c_str());
 #endif
-                    connection->inputPublisherBlocked = true;
                 }
             } else {
                 ALOGE("channel '%s' ~ Could not publish event due to an unexpected error, "
@@ -2597,6 +2604,10 @@
                                                     dispatchEntry));
         traceOutboundQueueLength(connection);
         connection->waitQueue.push_back(dispatchEntry);
+        if (connection->responsive) {
+            mAnrTracker.insert(dispatchEntry->timeoutTime,
+                               connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+        }
         traceWaitQueueLength(connection);
     }
 }
@@ -2631,8 +2642,6 @@
           connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(), seq, toString(handled));
 #endif
 
-    connection->inputPublisherBlocked = false;
-
     if (connection->status == Connection::STATUS_BROKEN ||
         connection->status == Connection::STATUS_ZOMBIE) {
         return;
@@ -3043,7 +3052,7 @@
         if (newKeyCode != AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN) {
             std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
             struct KeyReplacement replacement = {keyCode, deviceId};
-            mReplacedKeys.add(replacement, newKeyCode);
+            mReplacedKeys[replacement] = newKeyCode;
             keyCode = newKeyCode;
             metaState &= ~(AMETA_META_ON | AMETA_META_LEFT_ON | AMETA_META_RIGHT_ON);
         }
@@ -3053,10 +3062,10 @@
         // even if the modifier was released between the down and the up events.
         std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
         struct KeyReplacement replacement = {keyCode, deviceId};
-        ssize_t index = mReplacedKeys.indexOfKey(replacement);
-        if (index >= 0) {
-            keyCode = mReplacedKeys.valueAt(index);
-            mReplacedKeys.removeItemsAt(index);
+        auto replacementIt = mReplacedKeys.find(replacement);
+        if (replacementIt != mReplacedKeys.end()) {
+            keyCode = replacementIt->second;
+            mReplacedKeys.erase(replacementIt);
             metaState &= ~(AMETA_META_ON | AMETA_META_LEFT_ON | AMETA_META_RIGHT_ON);
         }
     }
@@ -3559,6 +3568,10 @@
 
 sp<InputWindowHandle> InputDispatcher::getWindowHandleLocked(
         const sp<IBinder>& windowHandleToken) const {
+    if (windowHandleToken == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     for (auto& it : mWindowHandlesByDisplay) {
         const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> windowHandles = it.second;
         for (const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle : windowHandles) {
@@ -3570,21 +3583,22 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool InputDispatcher::hasWindowHandleLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle) const {
-    for (auto& it : mWindowHandlesByDisplay) {
-        const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> windowHandles = it.second;
-        for (const sp<InputWindowHandle>& handle : windowHandles) {
-            if (handle->getToken() == windowHandle->getToken()) {
-                if (windowHandle->getInfo()->displayId != it.first) {
-                    ALOGE("Found window %s in display %" PRId32
-                          ", but it should belong to display %" PRId32,
-                          windowHandle->getName().c_str(), it.first,
-                          windowHandle->getInfo()->displayId);
-                }
-                return true;
+bool InputDispatcher::hasWindowHandleLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
+                                            int32_t displayId) const {
+    const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>> windowHandles = getWindowHandlesLocked(displayId);
+    for (const sp<InputWindowHandle>& handle : windowHandles) {
+        if (handle->getId() == windowHandle->getId() &&
+            handle->getToken() == windowHandle->getToken()) {
+            if (handle->getInfo()->displayId != displayId) {
+                ALOGE("Found window %s in display %" PRId32
+                      ", but it should belong to display %" PRId32,
+                      windowHandle->getName().c_str(), displayId,
+                      windowHandle->getInfo()->displayId);
             }
+            return true;
         }
     }
+
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -3738,12 +3752,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    ssize_t stateIndex = mTouchStatesByDisplay.indexOfKey(displayId);
-    if (stateIndex >= 0) {
-        TouchState& state = mTouchStatesByDisplay.editValueAt(stateIndex);
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, TouchState>::iterator stateIt =
+            mTouchStatesByDisplay.find(displayId);
+    if (stateIt != mTouchStatesByDisplay.end()) {
+        TouchState& state = stateIt->second;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < state.windows.size();) {
             TouchedWindow& touchedWindow = state.windows[i];
-            if (!hasWindowHandleLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle)) {
+            if (!hasWindowHandleLocked(touchedWindow.windowHandle, displayId)) {
                 if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
                     ALOGD("Touched window was removed: %s in display %" PRId32,
                           touchedWindow.windowHandle->getName().c_str(), displayId);
@@ -3767,7 +3782,7 @@
     // Otherwise, they might stick around until the window handle is destroyed
     // which might not happen until the next GC.
     for (const sp<InputWindowHandle>& oldWindowHandle : oldWindowHandles) {
-        if (!hasWindowHandleLocked(oldWindowHandle)) {
+        if (!hasWindowHandleLocked(oldWindowHandle, displayId)) {
             if (DEBUG_FOCUS) {
                 ALOGD("Window went away: %s", oldWindowHandle->getName().c_str());
             }
@@ -3787,15 +3802,17 @@
 
         sp<InputApplicationHandle> oldFocusedApplicationHandle =
                 getValueByKey(mFocusedApplicationHandlesByDisplay, displayId);
+
+        if (oldFocusedApplicationHandle == mAwaitedFocusedApplication &&
+            inputApplicationHandle != oldFocusedApplicationHandle) {
+            resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked();
+        }
+
         if (inputApplicationHandle != nullptr && inputApplicationHandle->updateInfo()) {
             if (oldFocusedApplicationHandle != inputApplicationHandle) {
-                if (oldFocusedApplicationHandle != nullptr) {
-                    resetAnrTimeoutsLocked();
-                }
                 mFocusedApplicationHandlesByDisplay[displayId] = inputApplicationHandle;
             }
         } else if (oldFocusedApplicationHandle != nullptr) {
-            resetAnrTimeoutsLocked();
             oldFocusedApplicationHandle.clear();
             mFocusedApplicationHandlesByDisplay.erase(displayId);
         }
@@ -3876,7 +3893,7 @@
 
         if (mDispatchEnabled != enabled || mDispatchFrozen != frozen) {
             if (mDispatchFrozen && !frozen) {
-                resetAnrTimeoutsLocked();
+                resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked();
             }
 
             if (mDispatchEnabled && !enabled) {
@@ -3955,8 +3972,8 @@
         }
 
         bool found = false;
-        for (size_t d = 0; d < mTouchStatesByDisplay.size(); d++) {
-            TouchState& state = mTouchStatesByDisplay.editValueAt(d);
+        for (std::pair<const int32_t, TouchState>& pair : mTouchStatesByDisplay) {
+            TouchState& state = pair.second;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < state.windows.size(); i++) {
                 const TouchedWindow& touchedWindow = state.windows[i];
                 if (touchedWindow.windowHandle == fromWindowHandle) {
@@ -4016,8 +4033,9 @@
     resetKeyRepeatLocked();
     releasePendingEventLocked();
     drainInboundQueueLocked();
-    resetAnrTimeoutsLocked();
+    resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked();
 
+    mAnrTracker.clear();
     mTouchStatesByDisplay.clear();
     mLastHoverWindowHandle.clear();
     mReplacedKeys.clear();
@@ -4070,10 +4088,10 @@
         dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "FocusedWindows: <none>\n");
     }
 
-    if (!mTouchStatesByDisplay.isEmpty()) {
+    if (!mTouchStatesByDisplay.empty()) {
         dump += StringPrintf(INDENT "TouchStatesByDisplay:\n");
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < mTouchStatesByDisplay.size(); i++) {
-            const TouchState& state = mTouchStatesByDisplay.valueAt(i);
+        for (const std::pair<int32_t, TouchState>& pair : mTouchStatesByDisplay) {
+            const TouchState& state = pair.second;
             dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "%d: down=%s, split=%s, deviceId=%d, source=0x%08x\n",
                                  state.displayId, toString(state.down), toString(state.split),
                                  state.deviceId, state.source);
@@ -4136,6 +4154,9 @@
                                          "ms\n",
                                          windowInfo->ownerPid, windowInfo->ownerUid,
                                          ns2ms(windowInfo->dispatchingTimeout));
+                    dump += StringPrintf(INDENT4 "    flags: %s\n",
+                                         inputWindowFlagsToString(windowInfo->layoutParamsFlags)
+                                                 .c_str());
                 }
             } else {
                 dump += INDENT2 "Windows: <none>\n";
@@ -4197,12 +4218,12 @@
         dump += INDENT "InboundQueue: <empty>\n";
     }
 
-    if (!mReplacedKeys.isEmpty()) {
+    if (!mReplacedKeys.empty()) {
         dump += INDENT "ReplacedKeys:\n";
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < mReplacedKeys.size(); i++) {
-            const KeyReplacement& replacement = mReplacedKeys.keyAt(i);
-            int32_t newKeyCode = mReplacedKeys.valueAt(i);
-            dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "%zu: originalKeyCode=%d, deviceId=%d, newKeyCode=%d\n", i,
+        for (const std::pair<KeyReplacement, int32_t>& pair : mReplacedKeys) {
+            const KeyReplacement& replacement = pair.first;
+            int32_t newKeyCode = pair.second;
+            dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "originalKeyCode=%d, deviceId=%d -> newKeyCode=%d\n",
                                  replacement.keyCode, replacement.deviceId, newKeyCode);
         }
     } else {
@@ -4214,11 +4235,10 @@
         for (const auto& pair : mConnectionsByFd) {
             const sp<Connection>& connection = pair.second;
             dump += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "%i: channelName='%s', windowName='%s', "
-                                         "status=%s, monitor=%s, inputPublisherBlocked=%s\n",
+                                         "status=%s, monitor=%s, responsive=%s\n",
                                  pair.first, connection->getInputChannelName().c_str(),
                                  connection->getWindowName().c_str(), connection->getStatusLabel(),
-                                 toString(connection->monitor),
-                                 toString(connection->inputPublisherBlocked));
+                                 toString(connection->monitor), toString(connection->responsive));
 
             if (!connection->outboundQueue.empty()) {
                 dump += StringPrintf(INDENT3 "OutboundQueue: length=%zu\n",
@@ -4419,13 +4439,14 @@
         }
         int32_t displayId = foundDisplayId.value();
 
-        ssize_t stateIndex = mTouchStatesByDisplay.indexOfKey(displayId);
-        if (stateIndex < 0) {
+        std::unordered_map<int32_t, TouchState>::iterator stateIt =
+                mTouchStatesByDisplay.find(displayId);
+        if (stateIt == mTouchStatesByDisplay.end()) {
             ALOGW("Failed to pilfer pointers: no pointers on display %" PRId32 ".", displayId);
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
 
-        TouchState& state = mTouchStatesByDisplay.editValueAt(stateIndex);
+        TouchState& state = stateIt->second;
         std::optional<int32_t> foundDeviceId;
         for (const TouchedMonitor& touchedMonitor : state.gestureMonitors) {
             if (touchedMonitor.monitor.inputChannel->getConnectionToken() == token) {
@@ -4485,6 +4506,7 @@
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::removeConnectionLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+    mAnrTracker.eraseToken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
     removeByValue(mConnectionsByFd, connection);
 }
 
@@ -4522,17 +4544,69 @@
     postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
 }
 
-void InputDispatcher::onAnrLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                  const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& applicationHandle,
-                                  const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle, nsecs_t eventTime,
-                                  nsecs_t waitStartTime, const char* reason) {
-    float dispatchLatency = (currentTime - eventTime) * 0.000001f;
-    float waitDuration = (currentTime - waitStartTime) * 0.000001f;
-    ALOGI("Application is not responding: %s.  "
-          "It has been %0.1fms since event, %0.1fms since wait started.  Reason: %s",
-          getApplicationWindowLabel(applicationHandle, windowHandle).c_str(), dispatchLatency,
-          waitDuration, reason);
+void InputDispatcher::onAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) {
+    // Since we are allowing the policy to extend the timeout, maybe the waitQueue
+    // is already healthy again. Don't raise ANR in this situation
+    if (connection->waitQueue.empty()) {
+        ALOGI("Not raising ANR because the connection %s has recovered",
+              connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+    /**
+     * The "oldestEntry" is the entry that was first sent to the application. That entry, however,
+     * may not be the one that caused the timeout to occur. One possibility is that window timeout
+     * has changed. This could cause newer entries to time out before the already dispatched
+     * entries. In that situation, the newest entries caused ANR. But in all likelihood, the app
+     * processes the events linearly. So providing information about the oldest entry seems to be
+     * most useful.
+     */
+    DispatchEntry* oldestEntry = *connection->waitQueue.begin();
+    const nsecs_t currentWait = now() - oldestEntry->deliveryTime;
+    std::string reason =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("%s is not responding. Waited %" PRId64 "ms for %s",
+                                        connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str(),
+                                        ns2ms(currentWait),
+                                        oldestEntry->eventEntry->getDescription().c_str());
 
+    updateLastAnrStateLocked(getWindowHandleLocked(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken()),
+                             reason);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry =
+            std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(&InputDispatcher::doNotifyAnrLockedInterruptible);
+    commandEntry->inputApplicationHandle = nullptr;
+    commandEntry->inputChannel = connection->inputChannel;
+    commandEntry->reason = std::move(reason);
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+}
+
+void InputDispatcher::onAnrLocked(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& application) {
+    std::string reason = android::base::StringPrintf("%s does not have a focused window",
+                                                     application->getName().c_str());
+
+    updateLastAnrStateLocked(application, reason);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry =
+            std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(&InputDispatcher::doNotifyAnrLockedInterruptible);
+    commandEntry->inputApplicationHandle = application;
+    commandEntry->inputChannel = nullptr;
+    commandEntry->reason = std::move(reason);
+    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
+}
+
+void InputDispatcher::updateLastAnrStateLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& window,
+                                               const std::string& reason) {
+    const std::string windowLabel = getApplicationWindowLabel(nullptr, window);
+    updateLastAnrStateLocked(windowLabel, reason);
+}
+
+void InputDispatcher::updateLastAnrStateLocked(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& application,
+                                               const std::string& reason) {
+    const std::string windowLabel = getApplicationWindowLabel(application, nullptr);
+    updateLastAnrStateLocked(windowLabel, reason);
+}
+
+void InputDispatcher::updateLastAnrStateLocked(const std::string& windowLabel,
+                                               const std::string& reason) {
     // Capture a record of the InputDispatcher state at the time of the ANR.
     time_t t = time(nullptr);
     struct tm tm;
@@ -4542,21 +4616,9 @@
     mLastAnrState.clear();
     mLastAnrState += INDENT "ANR:\n";
     mLastAnrState += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "Time: %s\n", timestr);
-    mLastAnrState +=
-            StringPrintf(INDENT2 "Window: %s\n",
-                         getApplicationWindowLabel(applicationHandle, windowHandle).c_str());
-    mLastAnrState += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "DispatchLatency: %0.1fms\n", dispatchLatency);
-    mLastAnrState += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "WaitDuration: %0.1fms\n", waitDuration);
-    mLastAnrState += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "Reason: %s\n", reason);
+    mLastAnrState += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "Reason: %s\n", reason.c_str());
+    mLastAnrState += StringPrintf(INDENT2 "Window: %s\n", windowLabel.c_str());
     dumpDispatchStateLocked(mLastAnrState);
-
-    std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry =
-            std::make_unique<CommandEntry>(&InputDispatcher::doNotifyAnrLockedInterruptible);
-    commandEntry->inputApplicationHandle = applicationHandle;
-    commandEntry->inputChannel =
-            windowHandle != nullptr ? getInputChannelLocked(windowHandle->getToken()) : nullptr;
-    commandEntry->reason = reason;
-    postCommandLocked(std::move(commandEntry));
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::doNotifyConfigurationChangedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
@@ -4597,13 +4659,50 @@
 
     mLock.lock();
 
-    resumeAfterTargetsNotReadyTimeoutLocked(timeoutExtension, token);
+    if (timeoutExtension > 0) {
+        extendAnrTimeoutsLocked(commandEntry->inputApplicationHandle, token, timeoutExtension);
+    } else {
+        // stop waking up for events in this connection, it is already not responding
+        sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(token);
+        if (connection == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+        cancelEventsForAnrLocked(connection);
+    }
+}
+
+void InputDispatcher::extendAnrTimeoutsLocked(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& application,
+                                              const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken,
+                                              nsecs_t timeoutExtension) {
+    sp<Connection> connection = getConnectionLocked(connectionToken);
+    if (connection == nullptr) {
+        if (mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime.has_value() && application != nullptr) {
+            // Maybe ANR happened because there's no focused window?
+            mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime = now() + timeoutExtension;
+            mAwaitedFocusedApplication = application;
+        } else {
+            // It's also possible that the connection already disappeared. No action necessary.
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("Raised ANR, but the policy wants to keep waiting on %s for %" PRId64 "ms longer",
+          connection->inputChannel->getName().c_str(), ns2ms(timeoutExtension));
+
+    connection->responsive = true;
+    const nsecs_t newTimeout = now() + timeoutExtension;
+    for (DispatchEntry* entry : connection->waitQueue) {
+        if (newTimeout >= entry->timeoutTime) {
+            // Already removed old entries when connection was marked unresponsive
+            entry->timeoutTime = newTimeout;
+            mAnrTracker.insert(entry->timeoutTime, connectionToken);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingLockedInterruptible(
         CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
     KeyEntry* entry = commandEntry->keyEntry;
-
     KeyEvent event = createKeyEvent(*entry);
 
     mLock.unlock();
@@ -4637,6 +4736,20 @@
     mLock.lock();
 }
 
+/**
+ * Connection is responsive if it has no events in the waitQueue that are older than the
+ * current time.
+ */
+static bool isConnectionResponsive(const Connection& connection) {
+    const nsecs_t currentTime = now();
+    for (const DispatchEntry* entry : connection.waitQueue) {
+        if (entry->timeoutTime < currentTime) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 void InputDispatcher::doDispatchCycleFinishedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry) {
     sp<Connection> connection = commandEntry->connection;
     const nsecs_t finishTime = commandEntry->eventTime;
@@ -4649,7 +4762,6 @@
         return;
     }
     DispatchEntry* dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
-
     const nsecs_t eventDuration = finishTime - dispatchEntry->deliveryTime;
     if (eventDuration > SLOW_EVENT_PROCESSING_WARNING_TIMEOUT) {
         ALOGI("%s spent %" PRId64 "ms processing %s", connection->getWindowName().c_str(),
@@ -4678,6 +4790,11 @@
     if (dispatchEntryIt != connection->waitQueue.end()) {
         dispatchEntry = *dispatchEntryIt;
         connection->waitQueue.erase(dispatchEntryIt);
+        mAnrTracker.erase(dispatchEntry->timeoutTime,
+                          connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+        if (!connection->responsive) {
+            connection->responsive = isConnectionResponsive(*connection);
+        }
         traceWaitQueueLength(connection);
         if (restartEvent && connection->status == Connection::STATUS_NORMAL) {
             connection->outboundQueue.push_front(dispatchEntry);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index ff7be87..0f558b4 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _UI_INPUT_DISPATCHER_H
 #define _UI_INPUT_DISPATCHER_H
 
+#include "AnrTracker.h"
 #include "CancelationOptions.h"
 #include "Entry.h"
 #include "InjectionState.h"
@@ -191,6 +192,7 @@
     EventEntry* mNextUnblockedEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     sp<InputWindowHandle> findTouchedWindowAtLocked(int32_t displayId, int32_t x, int32_t y,
+                                                    TouchState* touchState,
                                                     bool addOutsideTargets = false,
                                                     bool addPortalWindows = false) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
@@ -214,7 +216,6 @@
     std::optional<int32_t> findGestureMonitorDisplayByTokenLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token)
             REQUIRES(mLock);
 
-
     // Input channels that will receive a copy of all input events sent to the provided display.
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::vector<Monitor>> mGlobalMonitorsByDisplay GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
@@ -255,12 +256,14 @@
         bool operator==(const KeyReplacement& rhs) const {
             return keyCode == rhs.keyCode && deviceId == rhs.deviceId;
         }
-        bool operator<(const KeyReplacement& rhs) const {
-            return keyCode != rhs.keyCode ? keyCode < rhs.keyCode : deviceId < rhs.deviceId;
+    };
+    struct KeyReplacementHash {
+        size_t operator()(const KeyReplacement& key) const {
+            return std::hash<int32_t>()(key.keyCode) ^ (std::hash<int32_t>()(key.deviceId) << 1);
         }
     };
     // Maps the key code replaced, device id tuple to the key code it was replaced with
-    KeyedVector<KeyReplacement, int32_t> mReplacedKeys GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::unordered_map<KeyReplacement, int32_t, KeyReplacementHash> mReplacedKeys GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     // Process certain Meta + Key combinations
     void accelerateMetaShortcuts(const int32_t deviceId, const int32_t action, int32_t& keyCode,
                                  int32_t& metaState);
@@ -270,6 +273,9 @@
     bool runCommandsLockedInterruptible() REQUIRES(mLock);
     void postCommandLocked(std::unique_ptr<CommandEntry> commandEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
+    nsecs_t processAnrsLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    nsecs_t getDispatchingTimeoutLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) REQUIRES(mLock);
+
     // Input filter processing.
     bool shouldSendKeyToInputFilterLocked(const NotifyKeyArgs* args) REQUIRES(mLock);
     bool shouldSendMotionToInputFilterLocked(const NotifyMotionArgs* args) REQUIRES(mLock);
@@ -295,7 +301,8 @@
     sp<InputWindowHandle> getWindowHandleLocked(const sp<IBinder>& windowHandleToken) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     sp<InputChannel> getInputChannelLocked(const sp<IBinder>& windowToken) const REQUIRES(mLock);
-    bool hasWindowHandleLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle) const REQUIRES(mLock);
+    bool hasWindowHandleLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle, int32_t displayId) const
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     /*
      * Validate and update InputWindowHandles for a given display.
@@ -308,8 +315,7 @@
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, sp<InputWindowHandle>> mFocusedWindowHandlesByDisplay
             GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    KeyedVector<int32_t, TouchState> mTouchStatesByDisplay GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    TouchState mTempTouchState GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, TouchState> mTouchStatesByDisplay GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     // Focused applications.
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, sp<InputApplicationHandle>> mFocusedApplicationHandlesByDisplay
@@ -336,38 +342,53 @@
     void logOutboundKeyDetails(const char* prefix, const KeyEntry& entry);
     void logOutboundMotionDetails(const char* prefix, const MotionEntry& entry);
 
-    // Keeping track of ANR timeouts.
-    enum InputTargetWaitCause {
-        INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_NONE,
-        INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_SYSTEM_NOT_READY,
-        INPUT_TARGET_WAIT_CAUSE_APPLICATION_NOT_READY,
-    };
-
-    InputTargetWaitCause mInputTargetWaitCause GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    nsecs_t mInputTargetWaitStartTime GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    nsecs_t mInputTargetWaitTimeoutTime GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    bool mInputTargetWaitTimeoutExpired GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    sp<IBinder> mInputTargetWaitApplicationToken GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    /**
+     * This field is set if there is no focused window, and we have an event that requires
+     * a focused window to be dispatched (for example, a KeyEvent).
+     * When this happens, we will wait until *mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime before
+     * dropping the event and raising an ANR for that application.
+     * This is useful if an application is slow to add a focused window.
+     */
+    std::optional<nsecs_t> mNoFocusedWindowTimeoutTime GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     bool shouldPruneInboundQueueLocked(const MotionEntry& motionEntry) REQUIRES(mLock);
 
+    /**
+     * Time to stop waiting for the events to be processed while trying to dispatch a key.
+     * When this time expires, we just send the pending key event to the currently focused window,
+     * without waiting on other events to be processed first.
+     */
+    std::optional<nsecs_t> mKeyIsWaitingForEventsTimeout GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    bool shouldWaitToSendKeyLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const char* focusedWindowName)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
+
+    /**
+     * The focused application at the time when no focused window was present.
+     * Used to raise an ANR when we have no focused window.
+     */
+    sp<InputApplicationHandle> mAwaitedFocusedApplication GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+    // Optimization: AnrTracker is used to quickly find which connection is due for a timeout next.
+    // AnrTracker must be kept in-sync with all responsive connection.waitQueues.
+    // If a connection is not responsive, then the entries should not be added to the AnrTracker.
+    // Once a connection becomes unresponsive, its entries are removed from AnrTracker to
+    // prevent unneeded wakeups.
+    AnrTracker mAnrTracker GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    void extendAnrTimeoutsLocked(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& application,
+                                 const sp<IBinder>& connectionToken, nsecs_t timeoutExtension)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
+
     // Contains the last window which received a hover event.
     sp<InputWindowHandle> mLastHoverWindowHandle GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-    // Finding targets for input events.
-    int32_t handleTargetsNotReadyLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry,
-                                        const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& applicationHandle,
-                                        const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
-                                        nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime, const char* reason)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
-
-    void removeWindowByTokenLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token) REQUIRES(mLock);
-
-    void resumeAfterTargetsNotReadyTimeoutLocked(nsecs_t newTimeout,
-                                                 const sp<IBinder>& inputConnectionToken)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void cancelEventsForAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
     nsecs_t getTimeSpentWaitingForApplicationLocked(nsecs_t currentTime) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void resetAnrTimeoutsLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    // If a focused application changes, we should stop counting down the "no focused window" time,
+    // because we will have no way of knowing when the previous application actually added a window.
+    // This also means that we will miss cases like pulling down notification shade when the
+    // focused application does not have a focused window (no ANR will be raised if notification
+    // shade is pulled down while we are counting down the timeout).
+    void resetNoFocusedWindowTimeoutLocked() REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     int32_t getTargetDisplayId(const EventEntry& entry);
     int32_t findFocusedWindowTargetsLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const EventEntry& entry,
@@ -378,11 +399,10 @@
                                            nsecs_t* nextWakeupTime,
                                            bool* outConflictingPointerActions) REQUIRES(mLock);
     std::vector<TouchedMonitor> findTouchedGestureMonitorsLocked(
-            int32_t displayId, const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>>& portalWindows)
+            int32_t displayId, const std::vector<sp<InputWindowHandle>>& portalWindows) const
             REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void addGestureMonitors(const std::vector<Monitor>& monitors,
-                            std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& outTouchedMonitors, float xOffset = 0,
-                            float yOffset = 0);
+    std::vector<TouchedMonitor> selectResponsiveMonitorsLocked(
+            const std::vector<TouchedMonitor>& gestureMonitors) const REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     void addWindowTargetLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle, int32_t targetFlags,
                                BitSet32 pointerIds, std::vector<InputTarget>& inputTargets)
@@ -401,11 +421,6 @@
     std::string getApplicationWindowLabel(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& applicationHandle,
                                           const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle);
 
-    std::string checkWindowReadyForMoreInputLocked(nsecs_t currentTime,
-                                                   const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle,
-                                                   const EventEntry& eventEntry,
-                                                   const char* targetType) REQUIRES(mLock);
-
     // Manage the dispatch cycle for a single connection.
     // These methods are deliberately not Interruptible because doing all of the work
     // with the mutex held makes it easier to ensure that connection invariants are maintained.
@@ -475,9 +490,14 @@
             REQUIRES(mLock);
     void onFocusChangedLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& oldFocus,
                               const sp<InputWindowHandle>& newFocus) REQUIRES(mLock);
-    void onAnrLocked(nsecs_t currentTime, const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& applicationHandle,
-                     const sp<InputWindowHandle>& windowHandle, nsecs_t eventTime,
-                     nsecs_t waitStartTime, const char* reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void onAnrLocked(const sp<Connection>& connection) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void onAnrLocked(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& application) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const sp<InputWindowHandle>& window, const std::string& reason)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& application,
+                                  const std::string& reason) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void updateLastAnrStateLocked(const std::string& windowLabel, const std::string& reason)
+            REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     // Outbound policy interactions.
     void doNotifyConfigurationChangedLockedInterruptible(CommandEntry* commandEntry)
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp
index cbe0190..b56f356 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/host/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
         "InputHost.cpp",
     ],
 
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbinder",
         "libcrypto",
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
         //-fvisibility=hidden
     ],
 
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["jni_headers"],
     export_include_dirs: ["."],
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
index 73d2272..a0d2f4f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
         "libinputflinger_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
+        "AnrTracker_test.cpp",
         "BlockingQueue_test.cpp",
         "EventHub_test.cpp",
         "TestInputListener.cpp",
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/AnrTracker_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/AnrTracker_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b561da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/AnrTracker_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "../AnrTracker.h"
+
+#include <binder/Binder.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace inputdispatcher {
+
+// --- AnrTrackerTest ---
+
+/**
+ * Add a single entry and ensure it's returned as first, even if the token isn't valid
+ */
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, SingleEntry_First) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    tracker.insert(1, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    ASSERT_EQ(tracker.firstToken(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, MultipleEntries_RemoveToken) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    sp<IBinder> token1 = new BBinder();
+    sp<IBinder> token2 = new BBinder();
+
+    tracker.insert(1, token1);
+    tracker.insert(2, token2);
+    tracker.insert(3, token1);
+    tracker.insert(4, token2);
+    tracker.insert(5, token1);
+
+    tracker.eraseToken(token1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, tracker.firstTimeout());
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, AddAndRemove_Empty) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tracker.empty());
+
+    tracker.insert(1, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(tracker.empty());
+
+    tracker.erase(1, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tracker.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, Clear) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    tracker.insert(1, nullptr);
+    tracker.clear();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tracker.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, SingleToken_MaintainsOrder) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tracker.empty());
+
+    tracker.insert(2, nullptr);
+    tracker.insert(5, nullptr);
+    tracker.insert(0, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, tracker.firstToken());
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, MultipleTokens_MaintainsOrder) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    sp<IBinder> token1 = new BBinder();
+    sp<IBinder> token2 = new BBinder();
+
+    tracker.insert(2, token1);
+    tracker.insert(5, token2);
+    tracker.insert(0, token2);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    ASSERT_EQ(token2, tracker.firstToken());
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, MultipleTokens_IdenticalTimes) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    sp<IBinder> token1 = new BBinder();
+    sp<IBinder> token2 = new BBinder();
+
+    tracker.insert(2, token1);
+    tracker.insert(2, token2);
+    tracker.insert(10, token2);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    // Doesn't matter which token is returned - both are valid results
+    ASSERT_TRUE(token1 == tracker.firstToken() || token2 == tracker.firstToken());
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, MultipleTokens_IdenticalTimesRemove) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    sp<IBinder> token1 = new BBinder();
+    sp<IBinder> token2 = new BBinder();
+
+    tracker.insert(2, token1);
+    tracker.insert(2, token2);
+    tracker.insert(10, token2);
+
+    tracker.erase(2, token2);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    ASSERT_EQ(token1, tracker.firstToken());
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, Empty_DoesntCrash) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tracker.empty());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(LONG_LONG_MAX, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    // Can't call firstToken() if tracker.empty()
+}
+
+TEST(AnrTrackerTest, RemoveInvalidItem_DoesntCrash) {
+    AnrTracker tracker;
+
+    tracker.insert(1, nullptr);
+
+    // Remove with non-matching timestamp
+    tracker.erase(2, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, tracker.firstToken());
+
+    // Remove with non-matching token
+    tracker.erase(1, new BBinder());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, tracker.firstToken());
+
+    // Remove with both non-matching
+    tracker.erase(2, new BBinder());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, tracker.firstTimeout());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, tracker.firstToken());
+}
+
+} // namespace inputdispatcher
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index 13e8354..1a133dc 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -126,6 +126,14 @@
     void assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout,
                                   const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& expectedApplication,
                                   const sp<IBinder>& expectedToken) {
+        std::pair<sp<InputApplicationHandle>, sp<IBinder>> anrData;
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(anrData = getNotifyAnrData(timeout));
+        ASSERT_EQ(expectedApplication, anrData.first);
+        ASSERT_EQ(expectedToken, anrData.second);
+    }
+
+    std::pair<sp<InputApplicationHandle>, sp<IBinder>> getNotifyAnrData(
+            std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout) {
         const std::chrono::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
         std::unique_lock lock(mLock);
         std::chrono::duration timeToWait = timeout + 100ms; // provide some slack
@@ -136,16 +144,33 @@
         // before checking if ANR was called.
         // Since dispatcher is not guaranteed to call notifyAnr right away, we need to provide
         // it some time to act. 100ms seems reasonable.
-        mNotifyAnr.wait_for(lock, timeToWait,
-                            [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) { return mNotifyAnrWasCalled; });
+        mNotifyAnr.wait_for(lock, timeToWait, [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+            return !mAnrApplications.empty() && !mAnrWindowTokens.empty();
+        });
         const std::chrono::duration waited = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mNotifyAnrWasCalled);
+        if (mAnrApplications.empty() || mAnrWindowTokens.empty()) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Did not receive ANR callback";
+        }
         // Ensure that the ANR didn't get raised too early. We can't be too strict here because
         // the dispatcher started counting before this function was called
-        ASSERT_TRUE(timeout - 100ms < waited); // check (waited < timeout + 100ms) done by wait_for
-        mNotifyAnrWasCalled = false;
-        ASSERT_EQ(expectedApplication, mLastAnrApplication);
-        ASSERT_EQ(expectedToken, mLastAnrWindowToken);
+        if (std::chrono::abs(timeout - waited) > 100ms) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "ANR was raised too early or too late. Expected "
+                          << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(timeout).count()
+                          << "ms, but waited "
+                          << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(waited).count()
+                          << "ms instead";
+        }
+        std::pair<sp<InputApplicationHandle>, sp<IBinder>> result =
+                std::make_pair(mAnrApplications.front(), mAnrWindowTokens.front());
+        mAnrApplications.pop();
+        mAnrWindowTokens.pop();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mAnrApplications.empty());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mAnrWindowTokens.empty());
     }
 
     void setKeyRepeatConfiguration(nsecs_t timeout, nsecs_t delay) {
@@ -153,6 +178,8 @@
         mConfig.keyRepeatDelay = delay;
     }
 
+    void setAnrTimeout(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout) { mAnrTimeout = timeout; }
+
 private:
     std::mutex mLock;
     std::unique_ptr<InputEvent> mFilteredEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
@@ -161,9 +188,8 @@
     std::optional<NotifySwitchArgs> mLastNotifySwitch GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     // ANR handling
-    bool mNotifyAnrWasCalled GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
-    sp<InputApplicationHandle> mLastAnrApplication GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    sp<IBinder> mLastAnrWindowToken GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::queue<sp<InputApplicationHandle>> mAnrApplications GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::queue<sp<IBinder>> mAnrWindowTokens GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     std::condition_variable mNotifyAnr;
     std::chrono::nanoseconds mAnrTimeout = 0ms;
 
@@ -175,9 +201,8 @@
     virtual nsecs_t notifyAnr(const sp<InputApplicationHandle>& application,
                               const sp<IBinder>& windowToken, const std::string&) override {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-        mLastAnrApplication = application;
-        mLastAnrWindowToken = windowToken;
-        mNotifyAnrWasCalled = true;
+        mAnrApplications.push(application);
+        mAnrWindowTokens.push(windowToken);
         mNotifyAnr.notify_all();
         return mAnrTimeout.count();
     }
@@ -643,7 +668,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, event) << mName.c_str()
                                   << ": consumer should have returned non-NULL event.";
         ASSERT_EQ(expectedEventType, event->getType())
-                << mName.c_str() << "expected " << inputEventTypeToString(expectedEventType)
+                << mName.c_str() << " expected " << inputEventTypeToString(expectedEventType)
                 << " event, got " << inputEventTypeToString(event->getType()) << " event";
 
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedDisplayId, event->getDisplayId());
@@ -688,9 +713,24 @@
 
     void assertNoEvents() {
         InputEvent* event = consume();
-        ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, event)
-                << mName.c_str()
-                << ": should not have received any events, so consume() should return NULL";
+        if (event == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (event->getType() == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY) {
+            KeyEvent& keyEvent = static_cast<KeyEvent&>(*event);
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Received key event "
+                          << KeyEvent::actionToString(keyEvent.getAction());
+        } else if (event->getType() == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION) {
+            MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<MotionEvent&>(*event);
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Received motion event "
+                          << MotionEvent::actionToString(motionEvent.getAction());
+        } else if (event->getType() == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_FOCUS) {
+            FocusEvent& focusEvent = static_cast<FocusEvent&>(*event);
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Received focus event, hasFocus = "
+                          << (focusEvent.getHasFocus() ? "true" : "false");
+        }
+        FAIL() << mName.c_str()
+               << ": should not have received any events, so consume() should return NULL";
     }
 
     sp<IBinder> getToken() { return mConsumer->getChannel()->getConnectionToken(); }
@@ -754,6 +794,8 @@
         mInfo.dispatchingTimeout = timeout.count();
     }
 
+    void setPaused(bool paused) { mInfo.paused = paused; }
+
     void setFrame(const Rect& frame) {
         mInfo.frameLeft = frame.left;
         mInfo.frameTop = frame.top;
@@ -775,6 +817,10 @@
                      expectedFlags);
     }
 
+    void consumeKeyUp(int32_t expectedDisplayId, int32_t expectedFlags = 0) {
+        consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP, expectedDisplayId, expectedFlags);
+    }
+
     void consumeMotionCancel(int32_t expectedDisplayId = ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
             int32_t expectedFlags = 0) {
         consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, expectedDisplayId,
@@ -826,12 +872,12 @@
                                      expectedFlags);
     }
 
-    std::optional<uint32_t> receiveEvent() {
+    std::optional<uint32_t> receiveEvent(InputEvent** outEvent = nullptr) {
         if (mInputReceiver == nullptr) {
             ADD_FAILURE() << "Invalid receive event on window with no receiver";
             return std::nullopt;
         }
-        return mInputReceiver->receiveEvent();
+        return mInputReceiver->receiveEvent(outEvent);
     }
 
     void finishEvent(uint32_t sequenceNum) {
@@ -865,7 +911,9 @@
 std::atomic<int32_t> FakeWindowHandle::sId{1};
 
 static int32_t injectKey(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t action, int32_t repeatCount,
-                         int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+                         int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE,
+                         int32_t syncMode = INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT,
+                         std::chrono::milliseconds injectionTimeout = INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT) {
     KeyEvent event;
     nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
 
@@ -875,10 +923,9 @@
                      repeatCount, currentTime, currentTime);
 
     // Inject event until dispatch out.
-    return dispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event,
-            INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT,
-            INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT, POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED | POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER);
+    return dispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, syncMode,
+                                        injectionTimeout,
+                                        POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED | POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER);
 }
 
 static int32_t injectKeyDown(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
@@ -886,11 +933,19 @@
     return injectKey(dispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, /* repeatCount */ 0, displayId);
 }
 
+static int32_t injectKeyUp(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher,
+                           int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+    return injectKey(dispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP, /* repeatCount */ 0, displayId);
+}
+
 static int32_t injectMotionEvent(
         const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t action, int32_t source, int32_t displayId,
         const PointF& position,
         const PointF& cursorPosition = {AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
-                                        AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION}) {
+                                        AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION},
+        std::chrono::milliseconds injectionTimeout = INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+        int32_t injectionMode = INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT,
+        nsecs_t eventTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)) {
     MotionEvent event;
     PointerProperties pointerProperties[1];
     PointerCoords pointerCoords[1];
@@ -903,7 +958,6 @@
     pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, position.x);
     pointerCoords[0].setAxisValue(AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, position.y);
 
-    nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
     // Define a valid motion down event.
     event.initialize(InputEvent::nextId(), DEVICE_ID, source, displayId, INVALID_HMAC, action,
                      /* actionButton */ 0,
@@ -911,14 +965,13 @@
                      /* edgeFlags */ 0, AMETA_NONE, /* buttonState */ 0, MotionClassification::NONE,
                      /* xScale */ 1, /* yScale */ 1, /* xOffset */ 0, /* yOffset */ 0,
                      /* xPrecision */ 0, /* yPrecision */ 0, cursorPosition.x, cursorPosition.y,
-                     currentTime, currentTime,
+                     eventTime, eventTime,
                      /*pointerCount*/ 1, pointerProperties, pointerCoords);
 
     // Inject event until dispatch out.
-    return dispatcher->injectInputEvent(
-            &event,
-            INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT,
-            INJECT_EVENT_TIMEOUT, POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED | POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER);
+    return dispatcher->injectInputEvent(&event, INJECTOR_PID, INJECTOR_UID, injectionMode,
+                                        injectionTimeout,
+                                        POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED | POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER);
 }
 
 static int32_t injectMotionDown(const sp<InputDispatcher>& dispatcher, int32_t source,
@@ -1429,6 +1482,10 @@
                                      expectedDisplayId, expectedFlags);
     }
 
+    std::optional<int32_t> receiveEvent() { return mInputReceiver->receiveEvent(); }
+
+    void finishEvent(uint32_t consumeSeq) { return mInputReceiver->finishEvent(consumeSeq); }
+
     void consumeMotionDown(int32_t expectedDisplayId, int32_t expectedFlags = 0) {
         mInputReceiver->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN,
                                      expectedDisplayId, expectedFlags);
@@ -1507,6 +1564,21 @@
     monitor.consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, UnresponsiveGestureMonitor_GetsAnr) {
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor =
+            FakeMonitorReceiver(mDispatcher, "Gesture monitor", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                true /*isGestureMonitor*/);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    std::optional<uint32_t> consumeSeq = monitor.receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(consumeSeq);
+
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT, nullptr, monitor.getToken());
+    monitor.finishEvent(*consumeSeq);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, TestMoveEvent) {
     sp<FakeApplicationHandle> application = new FakeApplicationHandle();
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> window =
@@ -2329,23 +2401,40 @@
     }
 };
 
+// Send a tap and respond, which should not cause an ANR.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, WhenTouchIsConsumed_NoAnr) {
+    tapOnWindow();
+    mWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    mWindow->consumeMotionUp();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+}
+
+// Send a regular key and respond, which should not cause an ANR.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, WhenKeyIsConsumed_NoAnr) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED, injectKeyDown(mDispatcher));
+    mWindow->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_NONE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+}
+
 // Send an event to the app and have the app not respond right away.
-// Make sure that ANR is raised
+// When ANR is raised, policy will tell the dispatcher to cancel the events for that window.
+// So InputDispatcher will enqueue ACTION_CANCEL event as well.
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, OnPointerDown_BasicAnr) {
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
               injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
                                WINDOW_LOCATION));
 
-    // Also, overwhelm the socket to make sure ANR starts
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-        injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
-                          ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {WINDOW_LOCATION.x, WINDOW_LOCATION.y + i});
-    }
-
     std::optional<uint32_t> sequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent(); // ACTION_DOWN
     ASSERT_TRUE(sequenceNum);
     const std::chrono::duration timeout = mWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
     mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/, mWindow->getToken());
+
+    // The remaining lines are not really needed for the test, but kept as a sanity check
+    mWindow->finishEvent(*sequenceNum);
+    mWindow->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL,
+                          ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /*flags*/);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
 }
 
@@ -2355,14 +2444,591 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED, injectKeyDown(mDispatcher));
     std::optional<uint32_t> sequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent();
     ASSERT_TRUE(sequenceNum);
-
-    // Start ANR process by sending a 2nd key, which would trigger the check for whether
-    // waitQueue is empty
-    injectKey(mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, /* repeatCount */ 1);
-
     const std::chrono::duration timeout = mWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
-    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, mApplication, mWindow->getToken());
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/, mWindow->getToken());
     ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
 }
 
+// We have a focused application, but no focused window
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, FocusedApplication_NoFocusedWindow) {
+    mWindow->setFocus(false);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow}}});
+    mWindow->consumeFocusEvent(false);
+
+    // taps on the window work as normal
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               WINDOW_LOCATION));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mWindow->consumeMotionDown());
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+
+    // Once a focused event arrives, we get an ANR for this application
+    // We specify the injection timeout to be smaller than the application timeout, to ensure that
+    // injection times out (instead of failing).
+    const int32_t result =
+            injectKey(mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0 /* repeatCount */, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                      INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT, 10ms);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_TIMED_OUT, result);
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = mApplication->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, mApplication, nullptr /*windowToken*/);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+}
+
+// We have a focused application, but no focused window
+// If the policy wants to keep waiting on the focused window to be added, make sure
+// that this timeout extension is honored and ANR is raised again.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, NoFocusedWindow_ExtendsAnr) {
+    mWindow->setFocus(false);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow}}});
+    mWindow->consumeFocusEvent(false);
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = 5ms;
+    mFakePolicy->setAnrTimeout(timeout);
+
+    // Once a focused event arrives, we get an ANR for this application
+    // We specify the injection timeout to be smaller than the application timeout, to ensure that
+    // injection times out (instead of failing).
+    const int32_t result =
+            injectKey(mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0 /* repeatCount */, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                      INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT, 10ms);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_TIMED_OUT, result);
+    const std::chrono::duration appTimeout =
+            mApplication->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(appTimeout, mApplication, nullptr /*windowToken*/);
+
+    // After the extended time has passed, ANR should be raised again
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, mApplication, nullptr /*windowToken*/);
+
+    // If we stop extending the timeout, dispatcher should go to idle.
+    // Another ANR may be raised during this time
+    mFakePolicy->setAnrTimeout(0ms);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+}
+
+// We have a focused application, but no focused window
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, NoFocusedWindow_DropsFocusedEvents) {
+    mWindow->setFocus(false);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow}}});
+    mWindow->consumeFocusEvent(false);
+
+    // Once a focused event arrives, we get an ANR for this application
+    const int32_t result =
+            injectKey(mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0 /* repeatCount */, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                      INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT, 10ms);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_TIMED_OUT, result);
+
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = mApplication->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, mApplication, nullptr /*windowToken*/);
+
+    // Future focused events get dropped right away
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED, injectKeyDown(mDispatcher));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ensure that the implementation is valid. Since we are using multiset to keep track of the
+ * ANR timeouts, we are allowing entries with identical timestamps in the same connection.
+ * If we process 1 of the events, but ANR on the second event with the same timestamp,
+ * the ANR mechanism should still work.
+ *
+ * In this test, we are injecting DOWN and UP events with the same timestamps, and acknowledging the
+ * DOWN event, while not responding on the second one.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, Anr_HandlesEventsWithIdenticalTimestamps) {
+    nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                      ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, WINDOW_LOCATION,
+                      {AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                       AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION},
+                      500ms, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT, currentTime);
+
+    // Now send ACTION_UP, with identical timestamp
+    injectMotionEvent(mDispatcher, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                      ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, WINDOW_LOCATION,
+                      {AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                       AMOTION_EVENT_INVALID_CURSOR_POSITION},
+                      500ms, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT, currentTime);
+
+    // We have now sent down and up. Let's consume first event and then ANR on the second.
+    mWindow->consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = mWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/, mWindow->getToken());
+}
+
+// If an app is not responding to a key event, gesture monitors should continue to receive
+// new motion events
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, GestureMonitors_ReceiveEventsDuringAppAnrOnKey) {
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor =
+            FakeMonitorReceiver(mDispatcher, "Gesture monitor", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                true /*isGestureMonitor*/);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED, injectKeyDown(mDispatcher, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    mWindow->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED, injectKeyUp(mDispatcher, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+
+    // Stuck on the ACTION_UP
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = mWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr, mWindow->getToken());
+
+    // New tap will go to the gesture monitor, but not to the window
+    tapOnWindow();
+    monitor.consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    monitor.consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    mWindow->consumeKeyUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT); // still the previous motion
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    monitor.assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+// If an app is not responding to a motion event, gesture monitors should continue to receive
+// new motion events
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, GestureMonitors_ReceiveEventsDuringAppAnrOnMotion) {
+    FakeMonitorReceiver monitor =
+            FakeMonitorReceiver(mDispatcher, "Gesture monitor", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                true /*isGestureMonitor*/);
+
+    tapOnWindow();
+    monitor.consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    monitor.consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    mWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    // Stuck on the ACTION_UP
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = mWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr, mWindow->getToken());
+
+    // New tap will go to the gesture monitor, but not to the window
+    tapOnWindow();
+    monitor.consumeMotionDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    monitor.consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    mWindow->consumeMotionUp(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT); // still the previous motion
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    monitor.assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+// If a window is unresponsive, then you get anr. if the window later catches up and starts to
+// process events, you don't get an anr. When the window later becomes unresponsive again, you
+// get an ANR again.
+// 1. tap -> block on ACTION_UP -> receive ANR
+// 2. consume all pending events (= queue becomes healthy again)
+// 3. tap again -> block on ACTION_UP again -> receive ANR second time
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, SameWindow_CanReceiveAnrTwice) {
+    tapOnWindow();
+
+    mWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    // Block on ACTION_UP
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = mWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/, mWindow->getToken());
+    mWindow->consumeMotionUp(); // Now the connection should be healthy again
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+
+    tapOnWindow();
+    mWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/, mWindow->getToken());
+    mWindow->consumeMotionUp();
+
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+// If the policy tells us to raise ANR again after some time, ensure that the timeout extension
+// is honored
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, Policy_CanExtendTimeout) {
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout = 5ms;
+    mFakePolicy->setAnrTimeout(timeout);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               WINDOW_LOCATION));
+
+    const std::chrono::duration windowTimeout = mWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(windowTimeout, nullptr /*application*/,
+                                          mWindow->getToken());
+
+    // Since the policy wanted to extend ANR, make sure it is called again after the extension
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/, mWindow->getToken());
+    mFakePolicy->setAnrTimeout(0ms);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(windowTimeout);
+    // We are not checking if ANR has been called, because it may have been called again by the
+    // time we set the timeout to 0
+
+    // When the policy finally says stop, we should get ACTION_CANCEL
+    mWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    mWindow->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL,
+                          ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /*flags*/);
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+/**
+ * If a window is processing a motion event, and then a key event comes in, the key event should
+ * not to to the focused window until the motion is processed.
+ *
+ * Warning!!!
+ * This test depends on the value of android::inputdispatcher::KEY_WAITING_FOR_MOTION_TIMEOUT
+ * and the injection timeout that we specify when injecting the key.
+ * We must have the injection timeout (10ms) be smaller than
+ *  KEY_WAITING_FOR_MOTION_TIMEOUT (currently 500ms).
+ *
+ * If that value changes, this test should also change.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr, Key_StaysPendingWhileMotionIsProcessed) {
+    mWindow->setDispatchingTimeout(2s); // Set a long ANR timeout to prevent it from triggering
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow}}});
+
+    tapOnWindow();
+    std::optional<uint32_t> downSequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(downSequenceNum);
+    std::optional<uint32_t> upSequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(upSequenceNum);
+    // Don't finish the events yet, and send a key
+    // Injection will "succeed" because we will eventually give up and send the key to the focused
+    // window even if motions are still being processed. But because the injection timeout is short,
+    // we will receive INJECTION_TIMED_OUT as the result.
+
+    int32_t result =
+            injectKey(mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0 /* repeatCount */, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                      INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_WAIT_FOR_RESULT, 10ms);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_TIMED_OUT, result);
+    // Key will not be sent to the window, yet, because the window is still processing events
+    // and the key remains pending, waiting for the touch events to be processed
+    std::optional<uint32_t> keySequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(keySequenceNum);
+
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(500ms);
+    // if we wait long enough though, dispatcher will give up, and still send the key
+    // to the focused window, even though we have not yet finished the motion event
+    mWindow->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    mWindow->finishEvent(*downSequenceNum);
+    mWindow->finishEvent(*upSequenceNum);
+}
+
+/**
+ * If a window is processing a motion event, and then a key event comes in, the key event should
+ * not go to the focused window until the motion is processed.
+ * If then a new motion comes in, then the pending key event should be going to the currently
+ * focused window right away.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherSingleWindowAnr,
+       PendingKey_IsDroppedWhileMotionIsProcessedAndNewTouchComesIn) {
+    mWindow->setDispatchingTimeout(2s); // Set a long ANR timeout to prevent it from triggering
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mWindow}}});
+
+    tapOnWindow();
+    std::optional<uint32_t> downSequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(downSequenceNum);
+    std::optional<uint32_t> upSequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(upSequenceNum);
+    // Don't finish the events yet, and send a key
+    // Injection is async, so it will succeed
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+              injectKey(mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0 /* repeatCount */,
+                        ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE));
+    // At this point, key is still pending, and should not be sent to the application yet.
+    std::optional<uint32_t> keySequenceNum = mWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(keySequenceNum);
+
+    // Now tap down again. It should cause the pending key to go to the focused window right away.
+    tapOnWindow();
+    mWindow->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT); // it doesn't matter that we haven't ack'd
+    // the other events yet. We can finish events in any order.
+    mWindow->finishEvent(*downSequenceNum); // first tap's ACTION_DOWN
+    mWindow->finishEvent(*upSequenceNum);   // first tap's ACTION_UP
+    mWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    mWindow->consumeMotionUp();
+    mWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+class InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr : public InputDispatcherTest {
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        InputDispatcherTest::SetUp();
+
+        mApplication = new FakeApplicationHandle();
+        mApplication->setDispatchingTimeout(10ms);
+        mUnfocusedWindow =
+                new FakeWindowHandle(mApplication, mDispatcher, "Unfocused", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+        mUnfocusedWindow->setFrame(Rect(0, 0, 30, 30));
+        // Adding FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL to ensure taps outside this window are not sent to this
+        // window.
+        // Adding FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH to receive ACTION_OUTSIDE when another window is tapped
+        mUnfocusedWindow->setLayoutParamFlags(InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL |
+                                              InputWindowInfo::FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH |
+                                              InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH);
+
+        mFocusedWindow =
+                new FakeWindowHandle(mApplication, mDispatcher, "Focused", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+        mFocusedWindow->setDispatchingTimeout(10ms);
+        mFocusedWindow->setFrame(Rect(50, 50, 100, 100));
+        mFocusedWindow->setLayoutParamFlags(InputWindowInfo::FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL |
+                                            InputWindowInfo::FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH);
+
+        // Set focused application.
+        mDispatcher->setFocusedApplication(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, mApplication);
+        mFocusedWindow->setFocus(true);
+
+        // Expect one focus window exist in display.
+        mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mUnfocusedWindow, mFocusedWindow}}});
+        mFocusedWindow->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+    }
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override {
+        InputDispatcherTest::TearDown();
+
+        mUnfocusedWindow.clear();
+        mFocusedWindow.clear();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    sp<FakeApplicationHandle> mApplication;
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> mUnfocusedWindow;
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> mFocusedWindow;
+    static constexpr PointF UNFOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION = {20, 20};
+    static constexpr PointF FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION = {75, 75};
+    static constexpr PointF LOCATION_OUTSIDE_ALL_WINDOWS = {40, 40};
+
+    void tapOnFocusedWindow() { tap(FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION); }
+
+    void tapOnUnfocusedWindow() { tap(UNFOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION); }
+
+private:
+    void tap(const PointF& location) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+                  injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                   location));
+        ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+                  injectMotionUp(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                                 location));
+    }
+};
+
+// If we have 2 windows that are both unresponsive, the one with the shortest timeout
+// should be ANR'd first.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr, TwoWindows_BothUnresponsive) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION))
+            << "Inject motion event should return INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED";
+    mFocusedWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    mUnfocusedWindow->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_OUTSIDE,
+                                   ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /*flags*/);
+    // We consumed all events, so no ANR
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION));
+    std::optional<uint32_t> unfocusedSequenceNum = mUnfocusedWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(unfocusedSequenceNum);
+    std::optional<uint32_t> focusedSequenceNum = mFocusedWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(focusedSequenceNum);
+
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout =
+            mFocusedWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/,
+                                          mFocusedWindow->getToken());
+
+    mFocusedWindow->finishEvent(*focusedSequenceNum);
+    mUnfocusedWindow->finishEvent(*unfocusedSequenceNum);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+}
+
+// If we have 2 windows with identical timeouts that are both unresponsive,
+// it doesn't matter which order they should have ANR.
+// But we should receive ANR for both.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr, TwoWindows_BothUnresponsiveWithSameTimeout) {
+    // Set the timeout for unfocused window to match the focused window
+    mUnfocusedWindow->setDispatchingTimeout(10ms);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mUnfocusedWindow, mFocusedWindow}}});
+
+    tapOnFocusedWindow();
+    // we should have ACTION_DOWN/ACTION_UP on focused window and ACTION_OUTSIDE on unfocused window
+    std::pair<sp<InputApplicationHandle>, sp<IBinder>> anrData1 =
+            mFakePolicy->getNotifyAnrData(10ms);
+    std::pair<sp<InputApplicationHandle>, sp<IBinder>> anrData2 =
+            mFakePolicy->getNotifyAnrData(0ms);
+
+    // We don't know which window will ANR first. But both of them should happen eventually.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mFocusedWindow->getToken() == anrData1.second ||
+                mFocusedWindow->getToken() == anrData2.second);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mUnfocusedWindow->getToken() == anrData1.second ||
+                mUnfocusedWindow->getToken() == anrData2.second);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+}
+
+// If a window is already not responding, the second tap on the same window should be ignored.
+// We should also log an error to account for the dropped event (not tested here).
+// At the same time, FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH targets should not receive any events.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr, DuringAnr_SecondTapIsIgnored) {
+    tapOnFocusedWindow();
+    mUnfocusedWindow->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_OUTSIDE,
+                                   ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /*flags*/);
+    // Receive the events, but don't respond
+    std::optional<uint32_t> downEventSequenceNum = mFocusedWindow->receiveEvent(); // ACTION_DOWN
+    ASSERT_TRUE(downEventSequenceNum);
+    std::optional<uint32_t> upEventSequenceNum = mFocusedWindow->receiveEvent(); // ACTION_UP
+    ASSERT_TRUE(upEventSequenceNum);
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout =
+            mFocusedWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/,
+                                          mFocusedWindow->getToken());
+
+    // Tap once again
+    // We cannot use "tapOnFocusedWindow" because it asserts the injection result to be success
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION));
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED,
+              injectMotionUp(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                             FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION));
+    // Unfocused window does not receive ACTION_OUTSIDE because the tapped window is not a
+    // valid touch target
+    mUnfocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Consume the first tap
+    mFocusedWindow->finishEvent(*downEventSequenceNum);
+    mFocusedWindow->finishEvent(*upEventSequenceNum);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    // The second tap did not go to the focused window
+    mFocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    // should not have another ANR after the window just became healthy again
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+}
+
+// If you tap outside of all windows, there will not be ANR
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr, TapOutsideAllWindows_DoesNotAnr) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               LOCATION_OUTSIDE_ALL_WINDOWS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+}
+
+// Since the focused window is paused, tapping on it should not produce any events
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr, Window_CanBePaused) {
+    mFocusedWindow->setPaused(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mUnfocusedWindow, mFocusedWindow}}});
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_FAILED,
+              injectMotionDown(mDispatcher, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION));
+
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(mFocusedWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    // Should not ANR because the window is paused, and touches shouldn't go to it
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasNotCalled();
+
+    mFocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    mUnfocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+/**
+ * If a window is processing a motion event, and then a key event comes in, the key event should
+ * not to to the focused window until the motion is processed.
+ * If a different window becomes focused at this time, the key should go to that window instead.
+ *
+ * Warning!!!
+ * This test depends on the value of android::inputdispatcher::KEY_WAITING_FOR_MOTION_TIMEOUT
+ * and the injection timeout that we specify when injecting the key.
+ * We must have the injection timeout (10ms) be smaller than
+ *  KEY_WAITING_FOR_MOTION_TIMEOUT (currently 500ms).
+ *
+ * If that value changes, this test should also change.
+ */
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr, PendingKey_GoesToNewlyFocusedWindow) {
+    // Set a long ANR timeout to prevent it from triggering
+    mFocusedWindow->setDispatchingTimeout(2s);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mFocusedWindow, mUnfocusedWindow}}});
+
+    tapOnUnfocusedWindow();
+    std::optional<uint32_t> downSequenceNum = mUnfocusedWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(downSequenceNum);
+    std::optional<uint32_t> upSequenceNum = mUnfocusedWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(upSequenceNum);
+    // Don't finish the events yet, and send a key
+    // Injection will succeed because we will eventually give up and send the key to the focused
+    // window even if motions are still being processed.
+
+    int32_t result =
+            injectKey(mDispatcher, AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, 0 /*repeatCount*/, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                      INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SYNC_NONE, 10ms /*injectionTimeout*/);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INPUT_EVENT_INJECTION_SUCCEEDED, result);
+    // Key will not be sent to the window, yet, because the window is still processing events
+    // and the key remains pending, waiting for the touch events to be processed
+    std::optional<uint32_t> keySequenceNum = mFocusedWindow->receiveEvent();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(keySequenceNum);
+
+    // Switch the focus to the "unfocused" window that we tapped. Expect the key to go there
+    mFocusedWindow->setFocus(false);
+    mUnfocusedWindow->setFocus(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {mFocusedWindow, mUnfocusedWindow}}});
+
+    // Focus events should precede the key events
+    mUnfocusedWindow->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+    mFocusedWindow->consumeFocusEvent(false);
+
+    // Finish the tap events, which should unblock dispatcher
+    mUnfocusedWindow->finishEvent(*downSequenceNum);
+    mUnfocusedWindow->finishEvent(*upSequenceNum);
+
+    // Now that all queues are cleared and no backlog in the connections, the key event
+    // can finally go to the newly focused "mUnfocusedWindow".
+    mUnfocusedWindow->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+    mFocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    mUnfocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
+// When the touch stream is split across 2 windows, and one of them does not respond,
+// then ANR should be raised and the touch should be canceled for the unresponsive window.
+// The other window should not be affected by that.
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherMultiWindowAnr, SplitTouch_SingleWindowAnr) {
+    // Touch Window 1
+    NotifyMotionArgs motionArgs =
+            generateMotionArgs(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN,
+                               ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION});
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
+    mUnfocusedWindow->consumeEvent(AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_OUTSIDE,
+                                   ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, 0 /*flags*/);
+
+    // Touch Window 2
+    int32_t actionPointerDown =
+            AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN + (1 << AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT);
+
+    motionArgs =
+            generateMotionArgs(actionPointerDown, AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT,
+                               {FOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION, UNFOCUSED_WINDOW_LOCATION});
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(&motionArgs);
+
+    const std::chrono::duration timeout =
+            mFocusedWindow->getDispatchingTimeout(DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT);
+    mFakePolicy->assertNotifyAnrWasCalled(timeout, nullptr /*application*/,
+                                          mFocusedWindow->getToken());
+
+    mUnfocusedWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    mFocusedWindow->consumeMotionDown();
+    // Focused window may or may not receive ACTION_MOVE
+    // But it should definitely receive ACTION_CANCEL due to the ANR
+    InputEvent* event;
+    std::optional<int32_t> moveOrCancelSequenceNum = mFocusedWindow->receiveEvent(&event);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(moveOrCancelSequenceNum);
+    mFocusedWindow->finishEvent(*moveOrCancelSequenceNum);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, event);
+    ASSERT_EQ(event->getType(), AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION);
+    MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<MotionEvent&>(*event);
+    if (motionEvent.getAction() == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE) {
+        mFocusedWindow->consumeMotionCancel();
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL, motionEvent.getAction());
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mDispatcher->waitForIdle());
+    mUnfocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+    mFocusedWindow->assertNoEvents();
+}
+
 } // namespace android::inputdispatcher
diff --git a/services/powermanager/Android.bp b/services/powermanager/Android.bp
index b0d3e3b..ec3dfc8 100644
--- a/services/powermanager/Android.bp
+++ b/services/powermanager/Android.bp
@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@
     name: "libpowermanager",
 
     srcs: [
-        "IPowerManager.cpp",
-        "Temperature.cpp",
+        "BatterySaverPolicyConfig.cpp",
         "CoolingDevice.cpp",
+        "PowerHalController.cpp",
+        "PowerHalLoader.cpp",
+        "PowerHalWrapper.cpp",
+        "PowerSaveState.cpp",
+        "Temperature.cpp",
+        "WorkSource.cpp",
         ":libpowermanager_aidl",
     ],
 
@@ -17,9 +22,13 @@
     },
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "libutils",
         "libbinder",
-        "liblog"
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.power@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.power@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.power-cpp",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
@@ -34,22 +43,3 @@
          "include",
     ],
 }
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "thermalmanager-test",
-    srcs: ["IThermalManagerTest.cpp",
-          ],
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "liblog",
-        "libpowermanager",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
-}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.cpp b/services/powermanager/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee55b6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "BatterySaverPolicyConfig"
+
+#include <android/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android::os {
+
+status_t BatterySaverPolicyConfig::readDeviceSpecificSettings(const android::Parcel *parcel) {
+    int32_t num = 0;
+    status_t ret = parcel->readInt32(&num);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+        String16 key, val;
+        ret = parcel->readString16(&key) ?:
+              parcel->readString16(&val);
+        if (ret != OK) {
+           return ret;
+        }
+        mDeviceSpecificSettings.emplace_back(key, val);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+status_t BatterySaverPolicyConfig::readFromParcel(const android::Parcel *parcel) {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    return parcel->readFloat(&mAdjustBrightnessFactor)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mAdvertiseIsEnabled)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDeferFullBackup)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDeferKeyValueBackup)
+        ?: readDeviceSpecificSettings(parcel)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDisableAnimation)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDisableAod)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDisableLaunchBoost)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDisableOptionalSensors)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDisableSoundTrigger)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mDisableVibration)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mEnableAdjustBrightness)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mEnableDataSaver)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mEnableFirewall)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mEnableNightMode)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mEnableQuickDoze)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mForceAllAppsStandby)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mForceBackgroundCheck)
+        ?: parcel->readInt32(reinterpret_cast<int32_t *>(&mLocationMode));
+}
+
+status_t BatterySaverPolicyConfig::writeDeviceSpecificSettings(android::Parcel *parcel) const {
+    status_t ret = parcel->writeInt32(mDeviceSpecificSettings.size());
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+    for (auto& settings : mDeviceSpecificSettings) {
+        ret = parcel->writeString16(settings.first) ?:
+              parcel->writeString16(settings.second);
+        if (ret != OK) {
+           return ret;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+status_t BatterySaverPolicyConfig::writeToParcel(android::Parcel *parcel) const {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    return parcel->writeFloat(mAdjustBrightnessFactor)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mAdvertiseIsEnabled)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDeferFullBackup)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDeferKeyValueBackup)
+        ?: writeDeviceSpecificSettings(parcel)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDisableAnimation)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDisableAod)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDisableLaunchBoost)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDisableOptionalSensors)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDisableSoundTrigger)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mDisableVibration)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mEnableAdjustBrightness)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mEnableDataSaver)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mEnableFirewall)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mEnableNightMode)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mEnableQuickDoze)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mForceAllAppsStandby)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mForceBackgroundCheck)
+        ?: parcel->writeInt32(static_cast<int32_t>(mLocationMode));
+}
+
+} // namespace android::os
diff --git a/services/powermanager/IPowerManager.cpp b/services/powermanager/IPowerManager.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ea3a831..0000000
--- a/services/powermanager/IPowerManager.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "IPowerManager"
-//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-#include <powermanager/IPowerManager.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-class BpPowerManager : public BpInterface<IPowerManager>
-{
-public:
-    explicit BpPowerManager(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
-        : BpInterface<IPowerManager>(impl)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t acquireWakeLock(int flags, const sp<IBinder>& lock, const String16& tag,
-            const String16& packageName, bool isOneWay)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-
-        data.writeStrongBinder(lock);
-        data.writeInt32(flags);
-        data.writeString16(tag);
-        data.writeString16(packageName);
-        data.writeInt32(0); // no WorkSource
-        data.writeString16(NULL, 0); // no history tag
-        return remote()->transact(ACQUIRE_WAKE_LOCK, data, &reply,
-                isOneWay ? IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY : 0);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t acquireWakeLockWithUid(int flags, const sp<IBinder>& lock, const String16& tag,
-            const String16& packageName, int uid, bool isOneWay)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-
-        data.writeStrongBinder(lock);
-        data.writeInt32(flags);
-        data.writeString16(tag);
-        data.writeString16(packageName);
-        data.writeInt32(uid); // uid to blame for the work
-        return remote()->transact(ACQUIRE_WAKE_LOCK_UID, data, &reply,
-                isOneWay ? IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY : 0);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t releaseWakeLock(const sp<IBinder>& lock, int flags, bool isOneWay)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeStrongBinder(lock);
-        data.writeInt32(flags);
-        return remote()->transact(RELEASE_WAKE_LOCK, data, &reply,
-                isOneWay ? IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY : 0);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t updateWakeLockUids(const sp<IBinder>& lock, int len, const int *uids,
-            bool isOneWay) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeStrongBinder(lock);
-        data.writeInt32Array(len, uids);
-        return remote()->transact(UPDATE_WAKE_LOCK_UIDS, data, &reply,
-                isOneWay ? IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY : 0);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t powerHint(int hintId, int param)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt32(hintId);
-        data.writeInt32(param);
-        // This FLAG_ONEWAY is in the .aidl, so there is no way to disable it
-        return remote()->transact(POWER_HINT, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t goToSleep(int64_t event_time_ms, int reason, int flags)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt64(event_time_ms);
-        data.writeInt32(reason);
-        data.writeInt32(flags);
-        return remote()->transact(GO_TO_SLEEP, data, &reply, 0);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t reboot(bool confirm, const String16& reason, bool wait)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt32(confirm);
-        data.writeString16(reason);
-        data.writeInt32(wait);
-        return remote()->transact(REBOOT, data, &reply, 0);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t shutdown(bool confirm, const String16& reason, bool wait)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt32(confirm);
-        data.writeString16(reason);
-        data.writeInt32(wait);
-        return remote()->transact(SHUTDOWN, data, &reply, 0);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t crash(const String16& message)
-    {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IPowerManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeString16(message);
-        return remote()->transact(CRASH, data, &reply, 0);
-    }
-};
-
-IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(PowerManager, "android.os.IPowerManager");
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerHalController.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerHalController.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..178f545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerHalController.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalController"
+#include <android/hardware/power/1.1/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalController.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+using namespace android::hardware::power;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace power {
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> HalConnector::connect() {
+    sp<IPower> halAidl = PowerHalLoader::loadAidl();
+    if (halAidl) {
+        return std::make_unique<AidlHalWrapper>(halAidl);
+    }
+    sp<V1_0::IPower> halHidlV1_0 = PowerHalLoader::loadHidlV1_0();
+    sp<V1_1::IPower> halHidlV1_1 = PowerHalLoader::loadHidlV1_1();
+    if (halHidlV1_1) {
+        return std::make_unique<HidlHalWrapperV1_1>(halHidlV1_0, halHidlV1_1);
+    }
+    if (halHidlV1_0) {
+        return std::make_unique<HidlHalWrapperV1_0>(halHidlV1_0);
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void HalConnector::reset() {
+    PowerHalLoader::unloadAll();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void PowerHalController::init() {
+    initHal();
+}
+
+// Check validity of current handle to the power HAL service, and create a new
+// one if necessary.
+std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> PowerHalController::initHal() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectedHalMutex);
+    if (mConnectedHal == nullptr) {
+        mConnectedHal = mHalConnector->connect();
+        if (mConnectedHal == nullptr) {
+            // Unable to connect to Power HAL service. Fallback to default.
+            return mDefaultHal;
+        }
+    }
+    return mConnectedHal;
+}
+
+// Check if a call to Power HAL function failed; if so, log the failure and
+// invalidate the current Power HAL handle.
+HalResult PowerHalController::processHalResult(HalResult result, const char* fnName) {
+    if (result == HalResult::FAILED) {
+        ALOGE("%s() failed: power HAL service not available.", fnName);
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mConnectedHalMutex);
+        // Drop Power HAL handle. This will force future api calls to reconnect.
+        mConnectedHal = nullptr;
+        mHalConnector->reset();
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+HalResult PowerHalController::setBoost(Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) {
+    std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> handle = initHal();
+    auto result = handle->setBoost(boost, durationMs);
+    return processHalResult(result, "setBoost");
+}
+
+HalResult PowerHalController::setMode(Mode mode, bool enabled) {
+    std::shared_ptr<HalWrapper> handle = initHal();
+    auto result = handle->setMode(mode, enabled);
+    return processHalResult(result, "setMode");
+}
+
+} // namespace power
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f1b43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerHalLoader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalLoader"
+
+#include <android/hardware/power/1.1/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <hardware/power.h>
+#include <hardware_legacy/power.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h>
+
+using namespace android::hardware::power;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace power {
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename T, typename F>
+sp<T> loadHal(bool& exists, sp<T>& hal, F& loadFn, const char* halName) {
+    if (!exists) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (hal) {
+        return hal;
+    }
+    hal = loadFn();
+    if (hal) {
+        ALOGV("Successfully connected to Power HAL %s service.", halName);
+    } else {
+        ALOGV("Power HAL %s service not available.", halName);
+        exists = false;
+    }
+    return hal;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+std::mutex PowerHalLoader::gHalMutex;
+sp<IPower> PowerHalLoader::gHalAidl = nullptr;
+sp<V1_0::IPower> PowerHalLoader::gHalHidlV1_0 = nullptr;
+sp<V1_1::IPower> PowerHalLoader::gHalHidlV1_1 = nullptr;
+
+void PowerHalLoader::unloadAll() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gHalMutex);
+    gHalAidl = nullptr;
+    gHalHidlV1_0 = nullptr;
+    gHalHidlV1_1 = nullptr;
+}
+
+sp<IPower> PowerHalLoader::loadAidl() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gHalMutex);
+    static bool gHalExists = true;
+    static auto loadFn = []() { return waitForVintfService<IPower>(); };
+    return loadHal<IPower>(gHalExists, gHalAidl, loadFn, "AIDL");
+}
+
+sp<V1_0::IPower> PowerHalLoader::loadHidlV1_0() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gHalMutex);
+    return loadHidlV1_0Locked();
+}
+
+sp<V1_1::IPower> PowerHalLoader::loadHidlV1_1() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gHalMutex);
+    static bool gHalExists = true;
+    static auto loadFn = []() { return V1_1::IPower::castFrom(loadHidlV1_0Locked()); };
+    return loadHal<V1_1::IPower>(gHalExists, gHalHidlV1_1, loadFn, "HIDL v1.1");
+}
+
+sp<V1_0::IPower> PowerHalLoader::loadHidlV1_0Locked() {
+    static bool gHalExists = true;
+    static auto loadFn = []() { return V1_0::IPower::getService(); };
+    return loadHal<V1_0::IPower>(gHalExists, gHalHidlV1_0, loadFn, "HIDL v1.0");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+} // namespace power
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f4bfed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "HalWrapper"
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+using namespace android::hardware::power;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace power {
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline HalResult toHalResult(const binder::Status& result) {
+    return result.isOk() ? HalResult::SUCCESSFUL : HalResult::FAILED;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline HalResult toHalResult(const hardware::Return<T>& result) {
+    return result.isOk() ? HalResult::SUCCESSFUL : HalResult::FAILED;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult EmptyHalWrapper::setBoost(Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) {
+    ALOGV("Skipped setBoost %s with duration %dms because Power HAL not available",
+          toString(boost).c_str(), durationMs);
+    return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+}
+
+HalResult EmptyHalWrapper::setMode(Mode mode, bool enabled) {
+    ALOGV("Skipped setMode %s to %s because Power HAL not available", toString(mode).c_str(),
+          enabled ? "true" : "false");
+    return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult HidlHalWrapperV1_0::setBoost(Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) {
+    if (boost == Boost::INTERACTION) {
+        return sendPowerHint(V1_0::PowerHint::INTERACTION, durationMs);
+    } else {
+        ALOGV("Skipped setBoost %s because Power HAL AIDL not available", toString(boost).c_str());
+        return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+}
+
+HalResult HidlHalWrapperV1_0::setMode(Mode mode, bool enabled) {
+    uint32_t data = enabled ? 1 : 0;
+    switch (mode) {
+        case Mode::LAUNCH:
+            return sendPowerHint(V1_0::PowerHint::LAUNCH, data);
+        case Mode::LOW_POWER:
+            return sendPowerHint(V1_0::PowerHint::LOW_POWER, data);
+        case Mode::SUSTAINED_PERFORMANCE:
+            return sendPowerHint(V1_0::PowerHint::SUSTAINED_PERFORMANCE, data);
+        case Mode::VR:
+            return sendPowerHint(V1_0::PowerHint::VR_MODE, data);
+        case Mode::INTERACTIVE:
+            return setInteractive(enabled);
+        case Mode::DOUBLE_TAP_TO_WAKE:
+            return setFeature(V1_0::Feature::POWER_FEATURE_DOUBLE_TAP_TO_WAKE, enabled);
+        default:
+            ALOGV("Skipped setMode %s because Power HAL AIDL not available",
+                  toString(mode).c_str());
+            return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+}
+
+HalResult HidlHalWrapperV1_0::sendPowerHint(V1_0::PowerHint hintId, uint32_t data) {
+    return toHalResult(mHandleV1_0->powerHint(hintId, data));
+}
+
+HalResult HidlHalWrapperV1_0::setInteractive(bool enabled) {
+    return toHalResult(mHandleV1_0->setInteractive(enabled));
+}
+
+HalResult HidlHalWrapperV1_0::setFeature(V1_0::Feature feature, bool enabled) {
+    return toHalResult(mHandleV1_0->setFeature(feature, enabled));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult HidlHalWrapperV1_1::sendPowerHint(V1_0::PowerHint hintId, uint32_t data) {
+    return toHalResult(mHandleV1_1->powerHintAsync(hintId, data));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult AidlHalWrapper::setBoost(Boost boost, int32_t durationMs) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mBoostMutex);
+    // Quick return if boost is not supported by HAL
+    if (boost > Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT ||
+        mBoostSupportedArray[static_cast<int32_t>(boost)] == HalSupport::OFF) {
+        ALOGV("Skipped setBoost %s because Power HAL doesn't support it", toString(boost).c_str());
+        return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    if (mBoostSupportedArray[static_cast<int32_t>(boost)] == HalSupport::UNKNOWN) {
+        bool isSupported = false;
+        auto isSupportedRet = mHandle->isBoostSupported(boost, &isSupported);
+        if (!isSupportedRet.isOk()) {
+            ALOGV("Skipped setBoost %s because Power HAL is not available to check "
+                  "support",
+                  toString(boost).c_str());
+            return HalResult::FAILED;
+        }
+
+        mBoostSupportedArray[static_cast<int32_t>(boost)] =
+                isSupported ? HalSupport::ON : HalSupport::OFF;
+        if (!isSupported) {
+            ALOGV("Skipped setBoost %s because Power HAL doesn't support it",
+                  toString(boost).c_str());
+            return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+    }
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    return toHalResult(mHandle->setBoost(boost, durationMs));
+}
+
+HalResult AidlHalWrapper::setMode(Mode mode, bool enabled) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mModeMutex);
+    // Quick return if mode is not supported by HAL
+    if (mode > Mode::DISPLAY_INACTIVE ||
+        mModeSupportedArray[static_cast<int32_t>(mode)] == HalSupport::OFF) {
+        ALOGV("Skipped setMode %s because Power HAL doesn't support it", toString(mode).c_str());
+        return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    if (mModeSupportedArray[static_cast<int32_t>(mode)] == HalSupport::UNKNOWN) {
+        bool isSupported = false;
+        auto isSupportedRet = mHandle->isModeSupported(mode, &isSupported);
+        if (!isSupportedRet.isOk()) {
+            ALOGV("Skipped setMode %s because Power HAL is not available to check "
+                  "support",
+                  toString(mode).c_str());
+            return HalResult::FAILED;
+        }
+
+        mModeSupportedArray[static_cast<int32_t>(mode)] =
+                isSupported ? HalSupport::ON : HalSupport::OFF;
+        if (!isSupported) {
+            ALOGV("Skipped setMode %s because Power HAL doesn't support it",
+                  toString(mode).c_str());
+            return HalResult::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+    }
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    return toHalResult(mHandle->setMode(mode, enabled));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+} // namespace power
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/powermanager/PowerSaveState.cpp b/services/powermanager/PowerSaveState.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d1830a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/PowerSaveState.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerSaveState"
+
+#include <android/PowerSaveState.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android::os {
+
+status_t PowerSaveState::readFromParcel(const android::Parcel *parcel) {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    return parcel->readBool(&mBatterySaverEnabled)
+        ?: parcel->readBool(&mGlobalBatterySaverEnabled)
+        ?: parcel->readInt32(reinterpret_cast<int32_t *>(&mLocationMode))
+        ?: parcel->readFloat(&mBrightnessFactor);
+}
+
+status_t PowerSaveState::writeToParcel(android::Parcel *parcel) const {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    return parcel->writeBool(mBatterySaverEnabled)
+        ?: parcel->writeBool(mGlobalBatterySaverEnabled)
+        ?: parcel->writeInt32(static_cast<int32_t>(mLocationMode))
+        ?: parcel->writeFloat(mBrightnessFactor);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::os
diff --git a/services/powermanager/TEST_MAPPING b/services/powermanager/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caaec55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "libpowermanager_test"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/WorkSource.cpp b/services/powermanager/WorkSource.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1006a06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/WorkSource.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "WorkSource"
+
+#include <android/WorkSource.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android::os {
+
+status_t WorkSource::readFromParcel(const android::Parcel *parcel) {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    int32_t num;
+    status_t ret = parcel->readInt32(&num)
+                ?: parcel->readInt32Vector(&mUids)
+                ?: parcel->readString16Vector(&mNames);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+status_t WorkSource::writeToParcel(android::Parcel *parcel) const {
+    if (parcel == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Null parcel", __func__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    return parcel->writeInt32(mUids.size())
+        ?: parcel->writeInt32Vector(mUids)
+        ?: parcel->writeString16Vector(mNames);
+}
+
+} // namespace android::os
diff --git a/services/powermanager/include/android/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.h b/services/powermanager/include/android/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..728c8a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/include/android/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_OS_BATTERY_SAVER_POLICY_CONFIG_H
+#define ANDROID_OS_BATTERY_SAVER_POLICY_CONFIG_H
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+
+namespace android::os {
+
+enum class LocationMode : int32_t;
+/**
+ * BatterySaverPolicyConfig is a structure of configs to set Battery Saver policy flags.
+ * This file needs to be kept in sync with
+ * frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/BatterySaverPolicyConfig.java
+ */
+struct BatterySaverPolicyConfig : public android::Parcelable {
+
+    BatterySaverPolicyConfig(float adjustBrightnessFactor = 1.0f,
+                             bool advertiseIsEnabled = false,
+                             bool deferFullBackup = false,
+                             bool deferKeyValueBackup = false,
+                             std::vector<std::pair<String16, String16>> deviceSpecificSettings = {},
+                             bool disableAnimation = false,
+                             bool disableAod = false,
+                             bool disableLaunchBoost = false,
+                             bool disableOptionalSensors = false,
+                             bool disableSoundTrigger = false,
+                             bool disableVibration = false,
+                             bool enableAdjustBrightness = false,
+                             bool enableDataSaver = false,
+                             bool enableFirewall = false,
+                             bool enableNightMode = false,
+                             bool enableQuickDoze = false,
+                             bool forceAllAppsStandby = false,
+                             bool forceBackgroundCheck = false,
+                             LocationMode locationMode = static_cast<LocationMode>(0))
+        : mAdjustBrightnessFactor(adjustBrightnessFactor),
+          mAdvertiseIsEnabled(advertiseIsEnabled),
+          mDeferFullBackup(deferFullBackup),
+          mDeferKeyValueBackup(deferKeyValueBackup),
+          mDeviceSpecificSettings(deviceSpecificSettings),
+          mDisableAnimation(disableAnimation),
+          mDisableAod(disableAod),
+          mDisableLaunchBoost(disableLaunchBoost),
+          mDisableOptionalSensors(disableOptionalSensors),
+          mDisableSoundTrigger(disableSoundTrigger),
+          mDisableVibration(disableVibration),
+          mEnableAdjustBrightness(enableAdjustBrightness),
+          mEnableDataSaver(enableDataSaver),
+          mEnableFirewall(enableFirewall),
+          mEnableNightMode(enableNightMode),
+          mEnableQuickDoze(enableQuickDoze),
+          mForceAllAppsStandby(forceAllAppsStandby),
+          mForceBackgroundCheck(forceBackgroundCheck),
+          mLocationMode(locationMode) {
+    }
+
+    status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) override;
+    status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const override;
+    bool operator == (const BatterySaverPolicyConfig &bsp) const {
+        return fabs(mAdjustBrightnessFactor - bsp.mAdjustBrightnessFactor) == 0.0f &&
+               mAdvertiseIsEnabled == bsp.mAdvertiseIsEnabled &&
+               mDeferFullBackup == bsp.mDeferFullBackup &&
+               mDeferKeyValueBackup == bsp.mDeferKeyValueBackup &&
+               mDeviceSpecificSettings == bsp.mDeviceSpecificSettings &&
+               mDisableAnimation == bsp.mDisableAnimation &&
+               mDisableAod == bsp.mDisableAod &&
+               mDisableLaunchBoost == bsp.mDisableLaunchBoost &&
+               mDisableOptionalSensors == bsp.mDisableOptionalSensors &&
+               mDisableSoundTrigger == bsp.mDisableSoundTrigger &&
+               mDisableVibration == bsp.mDisableVibration &&
+               mEnableAdjustBrightness == bsp.mEnableAdjustBrightness &&
+               mEnableDataSaver == bsp.mEnableDataSaver &&
+               mEnableFirewall == bsp.mEnableFirewall &&
+               mEnableNightMode == bsp.mEnableNightMode &&
+               mEnableQuickDoze == bsp.mEnableQuickDoze &&
+               mForceAllAppsStandby == bsp.mForceAllAppsStandby &&
+               mForceBackgroundCheck == bsp.mForceBackgroundCheck &&
+               mLocationMode == bsp.mLocationMode;
+    }
+
+private:
+    status_t readDeviceSpecificSettings(const android::Parcel *parcel);
+    status_t writeDeviceSpecificSettings(android::Parcel *parcel) const;
+    /** Adjust screen brightness factor */
+    float mAdjustBrightnessFactor;
+    /** Is advertise enabled */
+    bool mAdvertiseIsEnabled;
+    /** Defer full backup */
+    bool mDeferFullBackup;
+    /** Defer key value backup */
+    bool mDeferKeyValueBackup;
+    /** Device specific settings */
+    std::vector<std::pair<String16, String16>> mDeviceSpecificSettings;
+    /** Disable animation */
+    bool mDisableAnimation;
+    /** Disable Aod */
+    bool mDisableAod;
+    /** Disable launch boost */
+    bool mDisableLaunchBoost;
+    /** Disable optional sensors */
+    bool mDisableOptionalSensors;
+    /** Disable sound trigger */
+    bool mDisableSoundTrigger;
+    /** Disable vibration */
+    bool mDisableVibration;
+    /** Enable adjust brightness */
+    bool mEnableAdjustBrightness;
+    /** Enable data saver */
+    bool mEnableDataSaver;
+    /** Enable firewall */
+    bool mEnableFirewall;
+    /** Enable night mode */
+    bool mEnableNightMode;
+    /** Enable quick doze */
+    bool mEnableQuickDoze;
+    /** Force all Apps standby */
+    bool mForceAllAppsStandby;
+    /** Force Background check */
+    bool mForceBackgroundCheck;
+    /** Location mode */
+    LocationMode mLocationMode;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::os
+
+#endif /* ANDROID_OS_BATTERY_SAVER_POLICY_CONFIG_H */
diff --git a/services/powermanager/include/android/LocationMode.h b/services/powermanager/include/android/LocationMode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42933d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/include/android/LocationMode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_OS_LOCATION_MODE_H
+#define ANDROID_OS_LOCATION_MODE_H
+
+namespace android::os {
+
+enum class LocationMode : int32_t {
+    NO_CHANGE = IPowerManager::LOCATION_MODE_NO_CHANGE,
+    GPS_DISABLED_WHEN_SCREEN_OFF = IPowerManager::LOCATION_MODE_GPS_DISABLED_WHEN_SCREEN_OFF,
+    ALL_DISABLED_WHEN_SCREEN_OFF = IPowerManager::LOCATION_MODE_ALL_DISABLED_WHEN_SCREEN_OFF,
+    FOREGROUND_ONLY = IPowerManager::LOCATION_MODE_FOREGROUND_ONLY,
+    THROTTLE_REQUESTS_WHEN_SCREEN_OFF =
+                IPowerManager::LOCATION_MODE_THROTTLE_REQUESTS_WHEN_SCREEN_OFF,
+    MIN = IPowerManager::LOCATION_MODE_NO_CHANGE,
+    MAX = IPowerManager::LOCATION_MODE_THROTTLE_REQUESTS_WHEN_SCREEN_OFF,
+};
+
+} // namespace android::os
+
+#endif /* ANDROID_OS_LOCATION_MODE_H */
diff --git a/services/powermanager/include/android/PowerSaveState.h b/services/powermanager/include/android/PowerSaveState.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b421f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/include/android/PowerSaveState.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_OS_POWER_SAVE_STATE_H
+#define ANDROID_OS_POWER_SAVE_STATE_H
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+
+namespace android::os {
+
+enum class LocationMode : int32_t;
+/**
+ * PowerSaveState is a structure to encapsulate PowerSaveState status.
+ * This file needs to be kept in sync with frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/PowerSaveState.java
+ */
+struct PowerSaveState : public android::Parcelable {
+
+    PowerSaveState(bool batterySaverEnabled = false,
+                   bool globalBatterySaverEnabled = false,
+                   LocationMode locationMode = static_cast<LocationMode>(0),
+                   float brightnessFactor = 0.5f)
+            : mBatterySaverEnabled(batterySaverEnabled),
+              mGlobalBatterySaverEnabled(globalBatterySaverEnabled),
+              mLocationMode(locationMode),
+              mBrightnessFactor(brightnessFactor) {
+    }
+
+    bool getBatterySaverEnabled() const { return mBatterySaverEnabled; }
+    bool getGlobalBatterySaverEnabled() const { return mGlobalBatterySaverEnabled; }
+    LocationMode getLocationMode() const { return mLocationMode; }
+    float getBrightnessFactor() const { return mBrightnessFactor; }
+    bool operator == (const PowerSaveState &ps) const {
+        return mBatterySaverEnabled == ps.mBatterySaverEnabled &&
+               mGlobalBatterySaverEnabled == ps.mGlobalBatterySaverEnabled &&
+               mLocationMode == ps.mLocationMode &&
+               fabs(mBrightnessFactor - ps.mBrightnessFactor) == 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) override;
+    status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const override;
+
+private:
+    /** Whether we should enable battery saver for this service. */
+    bool mBatterySaverEnabled;
+    /** Whether battery saver mode is enabled. */
+    bool mGlobalBatterySaverEnabled;
+    /** Location mode */
+    LocationMode mLocationMode;
+    /** Screen brightness factor. */
+    float mBrightnessFactor;
+};
+
+} // namespace android::os
+
+#endif /* ANDROID_OS_POWER_SAVE_STATE_H */
diff --git a/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkSource.h b/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkSource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f12847d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/include/android/WorkSource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_OS_WORKSOURCE_H
+#define ANDROID_OS_WORKSOURCE_H
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+
+namespace android::os {
+
+/**
+ * WorkSource is a structure to describes the source of some work that may be done by someone else.
+ * This file needs to be kept in sync with frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/WorkSource.java
+ */
+struct WorkSource : public android::Parcelable {
+    WorkSource(
+               std::vector<int32_t> uids = {},
+               std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>> names = std::nullopt)
+        : mUids(uids),
+          mNames(names) {
+    }
+    std::vector<int32_t> getUids() const { return mUids; }
+    std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>> getNames() const { return mNames; }
+    bool operator == (const WorkSource &ws) const {
+        return mUids == ws.mUids && mNames == ws.mNames;
+    }
+    status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) override;
+    status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const override;
+
+private:
+    /** WorkSource UID array */
+    std::vector<int32_t> mUids = {};
+    /** WorkSource Tag array */
+    std::optional<std::vector<std::optional<String16>>> mNames = {};
+};
+
+} // namespace android::os
+
+#endif /* ANDROID_OS_WORKSOURCE_H */
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/Android.bp b/services/powermanager/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49abc11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libpowermanager_test",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    srcs: [
+        "IThermalManagerTest.cpp",
+        "PowerHalControllerTest.cpp",
+        "PowerHalLoaderTest.cpp",
+        "PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp",
+        "PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp",
+        "PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libpowermanager",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.power@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.power@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.power-cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/IThermalManagerTest.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/IThermalManagerTest.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from services/powermanager/IThermalManagerTest.cpp
rename to services/powermanager/tests/IThermalManagerTest.cpp
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalControllerTest.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalControllerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..141b244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalControllerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalControllerTest"
+
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalController.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <thread>
+
+using android::hardware::power::Boost;
+using android::hardware::power::Mode;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::Feature;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::IPower;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::power;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIPowerV1_0 : public IPower {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setInteractive, (bool interactive), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, powerHint, (PowerHint hint, int32_t data), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setFeature, (Feature feature, bool activate), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, getPlatformLowPowerStats,
+                (getPlatformLowPowerStats_cb _hidl_cb), (override));
+};
+
+class TestPowerHalConnector : public HalConnector {
+public:
+    TestPowerHalConnector(sp<IPower> powerHal) : mHal(std::move(powerHal)) {}
+    virtual ~TestPowerHalConnector() = default;
+
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> connect() override {
+        mCountMutex.lock();
+        ++mConnectedCount;
+        mCountMutex.unlock();
+        return std::make_unique<HidlHalWrapperV1_0>(mHal);
+    }
+
+    void reset() override {
+        mCountMutex.lock();
+        ++mResetCount;
+        mCountMutex.unlock();
+    }
+
+    int getConnectCount() { return mConnectedCount; }
+
+    int getResetCount() { return mResetCount; }
+
+private:
+    sp<IPower> mHal = nullptr;
+    std::mutex mCountMutex;
+    int mConnectedCount = 0;
+    int mResetCount = 0;
+};
+
+class AlwaysFailingTestPowerHalConnector : public TestPowerHalConnector {
+public:
+    AlwaysFailingTestPowerHalConnector() : TestPowerHalConnector(nullptr) {}
+
+    std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> connect() override {
+        // Call parent to update counter, but ignore connected HalWrapper.
+        TestPowerHalConnector::connect();
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PowerHalControllerTest : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_0>();
+        std::unique_ptr<TestPowerHalConnector> halConnector =
+                std::make_unique<TestPowerHalConnector>(mMockHal);
+        mHalConnector = halConnector.get();
+        mHalController = std::make_unique<PowerHalController>(std::move(halConnector));
+    }
+
+protected:
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_0>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+    TestPowerHalConnector* mHalConnector = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<PowerHalController> mHalController = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalControllerTest, TestInitConnectsToPowerHalOnlyOnce) {
+    int powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 0);
+
+    mHalController->init();
+    mHalController->init();
+
+    // PowerHalConnector was called only once and never reset.
+    powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 1);
+    int powerHalResetCount = mHalConnector->getResetCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalResetCount, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalControllerTest, TestUnableToConnectToPowerHalIgnoresAllApiCalls) {
+    std::unique_ptr<AlwaysFailingTestPowerHalConnector> halConnector =
+            std::make_unique<AlwaysFailingTestPowerHalConnector>();
+    AlwaysFailingTestPowerHalConnector* failingHalConnector = halConnector.get();
+    PowerHalController halController(std::move(halConnector));
+
+    int powerHalConnectCount = failingHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 0);
+
+    // Still works with EmptyPowerHalWrapper as fallback ignoring every api call
+    // and logging.
+    auto result = halController.setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+    result = halController.setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+
+    // PowerHalConnector was called every time to attempt to reconnect with
+    // underlying service.
+    powerHalConnectCount = failingHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 2);
+    // PowerHalConnector was never reset.
+    int powerHalResetCount = mHalConnector->getResetCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalResetCount, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalControllerTest, TestAllApiCallsDelegatedToConnectedPowerHal) {
+    int powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 0);
+
+    {
+        InSequence seg;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::INTERACTION), Eq(100)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::LAUNCH), Eq(1))).Times(Exactly(1));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mHalController->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 100);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+
+    // PowerHalConnector was called only once and never reset.
+    powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 1);
+    int powerHalResetCount = mHalConnector->getResetCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalResetCount, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalControllerTest, TestPowerHalRecoversFromFailureByRecreatingPowerHal) {
+    int powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 0);
+
+    ON_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::LAUNCH), _))
+            .WillByDefault([](PowerHint, int32_t) {
+                return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(_, _)).Times(Exactly(4));
+
+    auto result = mHalController->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+    result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::VR, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::LOW_POWER, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+
+    // PowerHalConnector was called only twice: on first api call and after failed
+    // call.
+    powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 2);
+    // PowerHalConnector was reset once after failed call.
+    int powerHalResetCount = mHalConnector->getResetCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalResetCount, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalControllerTest, TestPowerHalDoesNotTryToRecoverFromFailureOnUnsupportedCalls) {
+    int powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 0);
+
+    auto result = mHalController->setBoost(Boost::CAMERA_LAUNCH, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+    result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::CAMERA_STREAMING_HIGH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+
+    // PowerHalConnector was called only once and never reset.
+    powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 1);
+    int powerHalResetCount = mHalConnector->getResetCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalResetCount, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalControllerTest, TestMultiThreadConnectsOnlyOnce) {
+    int powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(_, _)).Times(Exactly(10));
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mHalController->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+            ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
+    // PowerHalConnector was called only by the first thread to use the api and
+    // never reset.
+    powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 1);
+    int powerHalResetCount = mHalConnector->getResetCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalResetCount, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalControllerTest, TestMultiThreadWithFailureReconnectIsThreadSafe) {
+    int powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_EQ(powerHalConnectCount, 0);
+
+    ON_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::LAUNCH), _))
+            .WillByDefault([](PowerHint, int32_t) {
+                return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(_, _)).Times(Exactly(40));
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mHalController->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+            ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+        }));
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+            ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+        }));
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::LOW_POWER, false);
+            ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+        }));
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mHalController->setMode(Mode::VR, true);
+            ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
+    // PowerHalConnector was called at least once by the first thread.
+    // Reset and reconnect calls were made at most 10 times, once after each
+    // failure.
+    powerHalConnectCount = mHalConnector->getConnectCount();
+    EXPECT_THAT(powerHalConnectCount, AllOf(Ge(1), Le(11)));
+    int powerHalResetCount = mHalConnector->getResetCount();
+    EXPECT_THAT(powerHalResetCount, Le(10));
+}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalLoaderTest.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalLoaderTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..058e1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalLoaderTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalLoaderTest"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/1.1/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalLoader.h>
+
+#include <future>
+
+using IPowerV1_0 = android::hardware::power::V1_0::IPower;
+using IPowerV1_1 = android::hardware::power::V1_1::IPower;
+using IPowerAidl = android::hardware::power::IPower;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::power;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename T>
+sp<T> loadHal();
+
+template <>
+sp<IPowerAidl> loadHal<IPowerAidl>() {
+    return PowerHalLoader::loadAidl();
+}
+
+template <>
+sp<IPowerV1_0> loadHal<IPowerV1_0>() {
+    return PowerHalLoader::loadHidlV1_0();
+}
+
+template <>
+sp<IPowerV1_1> loadHal<IPowerV1_1>() {
+    return PowerHalLoader::loadHidlV1_1();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename T>
+class PowerHalLoaderTest : public Test {
+public:
+    sp<T> load() { return ::loadHal<T>(); }
+    void unload() { PowerHalLoader::unloadAll(); }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef ::testing::Types<IPowerAidl, IPowerV1_0, IPowerV1_1> PowerHalTypes;
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(PowerHalLoaderTest, PowerHalTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(PowerHalLoaderTest, TestLoadsOnlyOnce) {
+    sp<TypeParam> firstHal = this->load();
+    if (firstHal == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Power HAL not available. Skipping test.");
+        return;
+    }
+    sp<TypeParam> secondHal = this->load();
+    ASSERT_EQ(firstHal, secondHal);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(PowerHalLoaderTest, TestUnload) {
+    sp<TypeParam> firstHal = this->load();
+    if (firstHal == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Power HAL not available. Skipping test.");
+        return;
+    }
+    this->unload();
+    sp<TypeParam> secondHal = this->load();
+    ASSERT_NE(secondHal, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(firstHal, secondHal);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(PowerHalLoaderTest, TestLoadMultiThreadLoadsOnlyOnce) {
+    std::vector<std::future<sp<TypeParam>>> futures;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        futures.push_back(
+                std::async(std::launch::async, &PowerHalLoaderTest<TypeParam>::load, this));
+    }
+
+    futures[0].wait();
+    sp<TypeParam> firstHal = futures[0].get();
+    if (firstHal == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Power HAL not available. Skipping test.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
+        futures[i].wait();
+        sp<TypeParam> currentHal = futures[i].get();
+        ASSERT_EQ(firstHal, currentHal);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a765659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalWrapperAidlTest"
+
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <thread>
+
+using android::binder::Status;
+using android::hardware::power::Boost;
+using android::hardware::power::IPower;
+using android::hardware::power::Mode;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::power;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIPower : public IPower {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, isBoostSupported, (Boost boost, bool* ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, setBoost, (Boost boost, int32_t durationMs), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, isModeSupported, (Mode mode, bool* ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, setMode, (Mode mode, bool enabled), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int32_t, getInterfaceVersion, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::string, getInterfaceHash, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(IBinder*, onAsBinder, (), (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PowerHalWrapperAidlTest : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override;
+
+protected:
+    std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIPower>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void PowerHalWrapperAidlTest::SetUp() {
+    mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIPower>();
+    mWrapper = std::make_unique<AidlHalWrapper>(mMockHal);
+    ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetBoostSuccessful) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isBoostSupported(Eq(Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(true), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setBoost(Eq(Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT), Eq(100)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT, 100);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetBoostFailed) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isBoostSupported(Eq(Boost::INTERACTION), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(true), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setBoost(Eq(Boost::INTERACTION), Eq(100)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(-1)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isBoostSupported(Eq(Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(-1)));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 100);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::DISPLAY_UPDATE_IMMINENT, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetBoostUnsupported) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isBoostSupported(Eq(Boost::INTERACTION), _))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(false), Return(Status())));
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::CAMERA_SHOT, 10);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetBoostMultiThreadCheckSupportedOnlyOnce) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isBoostSupported(Eq(Boost::INTERACTION), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(true), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setBoost(Eq(Boost::INTERACTION), Eq(100))).Times(Exactly(10));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 100);
+            ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetModeSuccessful) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isModeSupported(Eq(Mode::DISPLAY_INACTIVE), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(true), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setMode(Eq(Mode::DISPLAY_INACTIVE), Eq(false)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::DISPLAY_INACTIVE, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetModeFailed) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isModeSupported(Eq(Mode::LAUNCH), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(true), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setMode(Eq(Mode::LAUNCH), Eq(true)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(-1)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isModeSupported(Eq(Mode::DISPLAY_INACTIVE), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(-1)));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::DISPLAY_INACTIVE, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetModeUnsupported) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isModeSupported(Eq(Mode::LAUNCH), _))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(false), Return(Status())));
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::CAMERA_STREAMING_HIGH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetModeMultiThreadCheckSupportedOnlyOnce) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), isModeSupported(Eq(Mode::LAUNCH), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(true), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setMode(Eq(Mode::LAUNCH), Eq(false))).Times(Exactly(10));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, false);
+            ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6693d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test"
+
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+using android::hardware::power::Boost;
+using android::hardware::power::Mode;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::Feature;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::IPower;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::power;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIPowerV1_0 : public IPower {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setInteractive, (bool interactive), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, powerHint, (PowerHint hint, int32_t data), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setFeature, (Feature feature, bool activate), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, getPlatformLowPowerStats,
+                (getPlatformLowPowerStats_cb _hidl_cb), (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override;
+
+protected:
+    std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_0>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test::SetUp() {
+    mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_0>();
+    mWrapper = std::make_unique<HidlHalWrapperV1_0>(mMockHal);
+    ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetBoostSuccessful) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::INTERACTION), Eq(1000))).Times(Exactly(1));
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetBoostFailed) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::INTERACTION), Eq(1000)))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly([](PowerHint, int32_t) {
+                return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetBoostUnsupported) {
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::CAMERA_LAUNCH, 10);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetModeSuccessful) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::LAUNCH), Eq(1))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::LOW_POWER), Eq(0))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::SUSTAINED_PERFORMANCE), Eq(1)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::VR_MODE), Eq(0))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setInteractive(Eq(true))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    setFeature(Eq(Feature::POWER_FEATURE_DOUBLE_TAP_TO_WAKE), Eq(false)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LOW_POWER, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::SUSTAINED_PERFORMANCE, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::VR, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::INTERACTIVE, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::DOUBLE_TAP_TO_WAKE, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetModeFailed) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), powerHint(Eq(PowerHint::LAUNCH), Eq(1)))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly([](PowerHint, int32_t) {
+                return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetModeIgnored) {
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::CAMERA_STREAMING_HIGH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+}
diff --git a/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55bbd6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/powermanager/tests/PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test"
+
+#include <android/hardware/power/1.1/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Mode.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <powermanager/PowerHalWrapper.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+using android::hardware::power::Boost;
+using android::hardware::power::Mode;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::Feature;
+using android::hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint;
+using IPowerV1_1 = android::hardware::power::V1_1::IPower;
+using IPowerV1_0 = android::hardware::power::V1_0::IPower;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::power;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIPowerV1_0 : public IPowerV1_0 {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setInteractive, (bool interactive), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, powerHint, (PowerHint hint, int32_t data), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setFeature, (Feature feature, bool activate), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, getPlatformLowPowerStats,
+                (getPlatformLowPowerStats_cb _hidl_cb), (override));
+};
+
+class MockIPowerV1_1 : public IPowerV1_1 {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setInteractive, (bool interactive), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, powerHint, (PowerHint hint, int32_t data), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, setFeature, (Feature feature, bool activate), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, getPlatformLowPowerStats,
+                (getPlatformLowPowerStats_cb _hidl_cb), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, powerHintAsync, (PowerHint hint, int32_t data), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, getSubsystemLowPowerStats,
+                (getSubsystemLowPowerStats_cb _hidl_cb), (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override;
+
+protected:
+    std::unique_ptr<HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_0>> mMockHalV1_0 = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_1>> mMockHalV1_1 = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test::SetUp() {
+    mMockHalV1_0 = new StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_0>();
+    mMockHalV1_1 = new StrictMock<MockIPowerV1_1>();
+    mWrapper = std::make_unique<HidlHalWrapperV1_1>(mMockHalV1_0, mMockHalV1_1);
+    ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestSetBoostSuccessful) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_1.get(), powerHintAsync(Eq(PowerHint::INTERACTION), Eq(1000)))
+            .Times(Exactly(1));
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestSetBoostFailed) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_1.get(), powerHintAsync(Eq(PowerHint::INTERACTION), Eq(1000)))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly([](PowerHint, int32_t) {
+                return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::INTERACTION, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestSetBoostUnsupported) {
+    auto result = mWrapper->setBoost(Boost::CAMERA_LAUNCH, 10);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestSetMode) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_1.get(), powerHintAsync(Eq(PowerHint::LAUNCH), Eq(1)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_1.get(), powerHintAsync(Eq(PowerHint::LOW_POWER), Eq(0)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_1.get(),
+                    powerHintAsync(Eq(PowerHint::SUSTAINED_PERFORMANCE), Eq(1)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_1.get(), powerHintAsync(Eq(PowerHint::VR_MODE), Eq(0)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_0.get(), setInteractive(Eq(true))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_0.get(),
+                    setFeature(Eq(Feature::POWER_FEATURE_DOUBLE_TAP_TO_WAKE), Eq(false)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LOW_POWER, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::SUSTAINED_PERFORMANCE, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::VR, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::INTERACTIVE, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+    result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::DOUBLE_TAP_TO_WAKE, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::SUCCESSFUL, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestSetModeFailed) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHalV1_1.get(), powerHintAsync(Eq(PowerHint::LAUNCH), Eq(1)))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly([](PowerHint, int32_t) {
+                return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::LAUNCH, 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::FAILED, result);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PowerHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestSetModeIgnored) {
+    auto result = mWrapper->setMode(Mode::CAMERA_STREAMING_HIGH, true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(HalResult::UNSUPPORTED, result);
+}
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorDeviceUtils.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorDeviceUtils.h
index d7e621c..c232f0b 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorDeviceUtils.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorDeviceUtils.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     // Increase the value of the sensor's nominal resolution to ensure that
     // sensor accuracy improvements, like runtime calibration, are not masked
     // during requantization.
-    double incRes = 0.25 * resolution;
+    double incRes = 0.125 * resolution;
     *value = round(static_cast<double>(*value) / incRes) * incRes;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
index ccf05d9..9b30dce 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
       mCacheSize(0), mMaxCacheSize(0), mTimeOfLastEventDrop(0), mEventsDropped(0),
       mPackageName(packageName), mOpPackageName(opPackageName), mDestroyed(false) {
     mChannel = new BitTube(mService->mSocketBufferSize);
+    mTargetSdk = SensorService::getTargetSdkVersion(opPackageName);
 #if DEBUG_CONNECTIONS
     mEventsReceived = mEventsSentFromCache = mEventsSent = 0;
     mTotalAcksNeeded = mTotalAcksReceived = 0;
@@ -439,8 +440,17 @@
     bool success = true;
     const auto iter = mHandleToAppOp.find(event.sensor);
     if (iter != mHandleToAppOp.end()) {
-        int32_t appOpMode = mService->sAppOpsManager.noteOp((*iter).second, mUid, mOpPackageName);
-        success = (appOpMode == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED);
+        // Special handling for step count/detect backwards compatibility: if the app's target SDK
+        // is pre-Q, still permit delivering events to the app even if permission isn't granted
+        // (since this permission was only introduced in Q)
+        if ((event.type == SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_COUNTER || event.type == SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR) &&
+                mTargetSdk > 0 && mTargetSdk <= __ANDROID_API_P__) {
+            success = true;
+        } else {
+            int32_t appOpMode = mService->sAppOpsManager.noteOp(iter->second, mUid,
+                                                                mOpPackageName);
+            success = (appOpMode == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED);
+        }
     }
     return success;
 }
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h
index 13cee6f..8d5fcf7 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorEventConnection.h
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@
     int mEventsDropped;
     String8 mPackageName;
     const String16 mOpPackageName;
+    int mTargetSdk;
 #if DEBUG_CONNECTIONS
     int mEventsReceived, mEventsSent, mEventsSentFromCache;
     int mTotalAcksNeeded, mTotalAcksReceived;
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
index ffcd0a0..3f88f77 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp
@@ -699,6 +699,9 @@
     if (!checkCallingPermission(sManageSensorsPermission, nullptr, nullptr)) {
         return PERMISSION_DENIED;
     }
+    if (args.size() == 0) {
+      return BAD_INDEX;
+    }
     if (in == BAD_TYPE || out == BAD_TYPE || err == BAD_TYPE) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
@@ -1802,36 +1805,28 @@
     const int32_t appOpMode = sAppOpsManager.checkOp(opCode,
             IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid(), opPackageName);
     bool appOpAllowed = appOpMode == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED;
+    int targetSdkVersion = getTargetSdkVersion(opPackageName);
 
     bool canAccess = false;
-    if (hasPermissionForSensor(sensor)) {
+    if (targetSdkVersion > 0 && targetSdkVersion <= __ANDROID_API_P__ &&
+            (sensor.getType() == SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_COUNTER ||
+             sensor.getType() == SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR)) {
+        // Allow access to step sensors if the application targets pre-Q, which is before the
+        // requirement to hold the AR permission to access Step Counter and Step Detector events
+        // was introduced.
+        canAccess = true;
+    } else if (hasPermissionForSensor(sensor)) {
         // Ensure that the AppOp is allowed, or that there is no necessary app op for the sensor
         if (opCode < 0 || appOpAllowed) {
             canAccess = true;
         }
-    } else if (sensor.getType() == SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_COUNTER ||
-            sensor.getType() == SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR) {
-        int targetSdkVersion = getTargetSdkVersion(opPackageName);
-        // Allow access to the sensor if the application targets pre-Q, which is before the
-        // requirement to hold the AR permission to access Step Counter and Step Detector events
-        // was introduced, and the user hasn't revoked the app op.
-        //
-        // Verifying the app op is required to ensure that the user hasn't revoked the necessary
-        // permissions to access the Step Detector and Step Counter when the application targets
-        // pre-Q. Without this check, if the user revokes the pre-Q install-time GMS Core AR
-        // permission, the app would still be able to receive Step Counter and Step Detector events.
-        if (appOpAllowed &&
-                targetSdkVersion > 0 &&
-                targetSdkVersion <= __ANDROID_API_P__) {
-            canAccess = true;
-        }
     }
 
     if (canAccess) {
         sAppOpsManager.noteOp(opCode, IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid(), opPackageName);
     } else {
-        ALOGE("%s a sensor (%s) without holding its required permission: %s",
-                operation, sensor.getName().string(), sensor.getRequiredPermission().string());
+        ALOGE("%s %s a sensor (%s) without holding %s", String8(opPackageName).string(),
+              operation, sensor.getName().string(), sensor.getRequiredPermission().string());
     }
 
     return canAccess;
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/hidl/Android.bp b/services/sensorservice/hidl/Android.bp
index d0c83d6..0e1af59 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/hidl/Android.bp
+++ b/services/sensorservice/hidl/Android.bp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
     ],
+    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libhidlbase",
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
     export_include_dirs: [
         "include/"
     ],
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["jni_headers"],
     local_include_dirs: [
         "include/sensorservicehidl/"
     ]
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
index 0e69f60..26bfb49 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
@@ -148,10 +148,10 @@
     virtual status_t updateActiveBuffer() = 0;
     virtual status_t updateFrameNumber(nsecs_t latchTime) = 0;
 
-    // We generate InputWindowHandles for all buffered layers regardless of whether they
+    // We generate InputWindowHandles for all non-cursor buffered layers regardless of whether they
     // have an InputChannel. This is to enable the InputDispatcher to do PID based occlusion
     // detection.
-    bool needsInputInfo() const override { return true; }
+    bool needsInputInfo() const override { return !mPotentialCursor; }
 
 protected:
     struct BufferInfo {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
index e8f54f5..b07c904 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/Output.cpp
@@ -921,9 +921,8 @@
 
     const nsecs_t renderEngineStart = systemTime();
     status_t status =
-            renderEngine.drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers,
-                                    buf->getNativeBuffer(), /*useFramebufferCache=*/true,
-                                    std::move(fd), &readyFence);
+            renderEngine.drawLayers(clientCompositionDisplay, clientCompositionLayerPointers, buf,
+                                    /*useFramebufferCache=*/true, std::move(fd), &readyFence);
 
     if (status != NO_ERROR && mClientCompositionRequestCache) {
         // If rendering was not successful, remove the request from the cache.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
index 730f297..9aa274b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.cpp
@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+void DisplayDevice::setDeviceProductInfo(std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> info) {
+    mDeviceProductInfo = std::move(info);
+}
+
 uint32_t DisplayDevice::getPageFlipCount() const {
     return mCompositionDisplay->getRenderSurface()->getPageFlipCount();
 }
@@ -269,6 +273,12 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "powerMode=%s (%d), ", to_string(mPowerMode).c_str(),
                   static_cast<int32_t>(mPowerMode));
     StringAppendF(&result, "activeConfig=%d, ", mActiveConfig.value());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "deviceProductInfo=");
+    if (mDeviceProductInfo) {
+        mDeviceProductInfo->dump(result);
+    } else {
+        result.append("{}");
+    }
     getCompositionDisplay()->dump(result);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index cb467ea..81b3ccf 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -59,12 +59,14 @@
 class DisplaySurface;
 } // namespace compositionengine
 
-class DisplayDevice : public LightRefBase<DisplayDevice> {
+class DisplayDevice : public RefBase {
 public:
     constexpr static float sDefaultMinLumiance = 0.0;
     constexpr static float sDefaultMaxLumiance = 500.0;
 
     explicit DisplayDevice(DisplayDeviceCreationArgs& args);
+
+    // Must be destroyed on the main thread because it may call into HWComposer.
     virtual ~DisplayDevice();
 
     std::shared_ptr<compositionengine::Display> getCompositionDisplay() const {
@@ -136,6 +138,11 @@
     void setDisplayName(const std::string& displayName);
     const std::string& getDisplayName() const { return mDisplayName; }
 
+    void setDeviceProductInfo(std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> info);
+    const std::optional<DeviceProductInfo>& getDeviceProductInfo() const {
+        return mDeviceProductInfo;
+    }
+
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Display power mode management.
      */
@@ -182,6 +189,8 @@
 
     // TODO(b/74619554): Remove special cases for primary display.
     const bool mIsPrimary;
+
+    std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> mDeviceProductInfo;
 };
 
 struct DisplayDeviceState {
@@ -189,7 +198,7 @@
         DisplayId id;
         DisplayConnectionType type;
         hardware::graphics::composer::hal::HWDisplayId hwcDisplayId;
-
+        std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> deviceProductInfo;
         bool operator==(const Physical& other) const {
             return id == other.id && type == other.type && hwcDisplayId == other.hwcDisplayId;
         }
@@ -239,21 +248,18 @@
 
 class DisplayRenderArea : public RenderArea {
 public:
-    DisplayRenderArea(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display,
-                      RotationFlags rotation = ui::Transform::ROT_0)
-          : DisplayRenderArea(display, display->getBounds(),
-                              static_cast<uint32_t>(display->getWidth()),
-                              static_cast<uint32_t>(display->getHeight()),
-                              display->getCompositionDataSpace(), rotation) {}
-
-    DisplayRenderArea(sp<const DisplayDevice> display, const Rect& sourceCrop, uint32_t reqWidth,
-                      uint32_t reqHeight, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, RotationFlags rotation,
-                      bool allowSecureLayers = true)
-          : RenderArea(reqWidth, reqHeight, CaptureFill::OPAQUE, reqDataSpace,
-                       display->getViewport(), applyDeviceOrientation(rotation, display)),
-            mDisplay(std::move(display)),
-            mSourceCrop(sourceCrop),
-            mAllowSecureLayers(allowSecureLayers) {}
+    static std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> create(wp<const DisplayDevice> displayWeak,
+                                              const Rect& sourceCrop, ui::Size reqSize,
+                                              ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, RotationFlags rotation,
+                                              bool allowSecureLayers = true) {
+        if (auto display = displayWeak.promote()) {
+            // Using new to access a private constructor.
+            return std::unique_ptr<DisplayRenderArea>(
+                    new DisplayRenderArea(std::move(display), sourceCrop, reqSize, reqDataSpace,
+                                          rotation, allowSecureLayers));
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
 
     const ui::Transform& getTransform() const override { return mTransform; }
     Rect getBounds() const override { return mDisplay->getBounds(); }
@@ -300,6 +306,14 @@
     }
 
 private:
+    DisplayRenderArea(sp<const DisplayDevice> display, const Rect& sourceCrop, ui::Size reqSize,
+                      ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, RotationFlags rotation, bool allowSecureLayers)
+          : RenderArea(reqSize, CaptureFill::OPAQUE, reqDataSpace, display->getViewport(),
+                       applyDeviceOrientation(rotation, display)),
+            mDisplay(std::move(display)),
+            mSourceCrop(sourceCrop),
+            mAllowSecureLayers(allowSecureLayers) {}
+
     static RotationFlags applyDeviceOrientation(RotationFlags orientationFlag,
                                                 const sp<const DisplayDevice>& device) {
         uint32_t inverseRotate90 = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
index dbdffec..a3f1b52 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/ComposerHal.cpp
@@ -1676,6 +1676,7 @@
     if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
         outClientTargetProperty->pixelFormat = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
         outClientTargetProperty->dataspace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+        return;
     }
 
     ReturnData& data = found->second;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.cpp
index 4dfc743..52a6380 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.cpp
@@ -71,12 +71,8 @@
 
 DeviceProductInfo buildDeviceProductInfo(const Edid& edid) {
     DeviceProductInfo info;
-    std::copy(edid.displayName.begin(), edid.displayName.end(), info.name.begin());
-    info.name[edid.displayName.size()] = '\0';
-
-    const auto productId = std::to_string(edid.productId);
-    std::copy(productId.begin(), productId.end(), info.productId.begin());
-    info.productId[productId.size()] = '\0';
+    info.name.assign(edid.displayName);
+    info.productId = std::to_string(edid.productId);
     info.manufacturerPnpId = edid.pnpId;
 
     constexpr uint8_t kModelYearFlag = 0xff;
@@ -99,8 +95,6 @@
     if (edid.cea861Block && edid.cea861Block->hdmiVendorDataBlock) {
         const auto& address = edid.cea861Block->hdmiVendorDataBlock->physicalAddress;
         info.relativeAddress = {address.a, address.b, address.c, address.d};
-    } else {
-        info.relativeAddress = DeviceProductInfo::NO_RELATIVE_ADDRESS;
     }
     return info;
 }
@@ -238,7 +232,6 @@
 
     constexpr size_t kDescriptorCount = 4;
     constexpr size_t kDescriptorLength = 18;
-    static_assert(kDescriptorLength - kEdidHeaderLength < DeviceProductInfo::TEXT_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < kDescriptorCount; i++) {
         if (view.size() < kDescriptorLength) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
index 8ac0561..08559bd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2.cpp
@@ -894,6 +894,10 @@
             mComposer.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(mDisplayId, mId, perFrameMetadatas));
 
     if (validTypes & HdrMetadata::HDR10PLUS) {
+        if (CC_UNLIKELY(mHdrMetadata.hdr10plus.size() == 0)) {
+            return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+        }
+
         std::vector<Hwc2::PerFrameMetadataBlob> perFrameMetadataBlobs;
         perFrameMetadataBlobs.push_back(
                 {Hwc2::PerFrameMetadataKey::HDR10_PLUS_SEI, mHdrMetadata.hdr10plus});
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
index c355ebd..b800038 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWComposer.h
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
     const uint32_t id;
 };
 
+// See the comment for SurfaceFlinger::getHwComposer for the thread safety rules for accessing
+// this class.
 class HWComposer {
 public:
     struct DeviceRequestedChanges {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
index 1d8179c..4b4c050 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
 
     const bool expectsExpensiveRendering = !mExpensiveDisplays.empty();
     if (mNotifiedExpensiveRendering != expectsExpensiveRendering) {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
         HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
         if (halWrapper == nullptr) {
             return;
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
     }
 
     if (mSendUpdateImminent.load()) {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mPowerHalMutex);
         HalWrapper* const halWrapper = getPowerHal();
         if (halWrapper == nullptr) {
             return;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
index 34e63e7..95eb0e2 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/PowerAdvisor.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include <atomic>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
+
 #include "../Scheduler/OneShotTimer.h"
 #include "DisplayIdentification.h"
 
@@ -56,10 +58,11 @@
     void notifyDisplayUpdateImminent() override;
 
 private:
-    HalWrapper* getPowerHal();
+    HalWrapper* getPowerHal() REQUIRES(mPowerHalMutex);
+    bool mReconnectPowerHal GUARDED_BY(mPowerHalMutex) = false;
+    std::mutex mPowerHalMutex;
 
     std::atomic_bool mBootFinished = false;
-    bool mReconnectPowerHal = false;
 
     std::unordered_set<DisplayId> mExpensiveDisplays;
     bool mNotifiedExpensiveRendering = false;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracer/FrameTracer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracer/FrameTracer.cpp
index b986f38..2dfb9a9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracer/FrameTracer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrameTracer/FrameTracer.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "FrameTracer.h"
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <perfetto/trace/clock_snapshot.pbzero.h>
+#include <perfetto/common/builtin_clock.pbzero.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-using Clock = perfetto::protos::pbzero::ClockSnapshot::Clock;
 void FrameTracer::initialize() {
     std::call_once(mInitializationFlag, [this]() {
         perfetto::TracingInitArgs args;
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@
                               uint64_t bufferID, uint64_t frameNumber, nsecs_t timestamp,
                               FrameEvent::BufferEventType type, nsecs_t duration) {
     auto packet = ctx.NewTracePacket();
-    packet->set_timestamp_clock_id(Clock::MONOTONIC);
+    packet->set_timestamp_clock_id(perfetto::protos::pbzero::BUILTIN_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
     packet->set_timestamp(timestamp);
     auto* event = packet->set_graphics_frame_event()->set_buffer_event();
     event->set_buffer_id(static_cast<uint32_t>(bufferID));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 3255aac..f36b67d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -866,13 +866,12 @@
     }
 
     // If we still have pending updates, we need to ensure SurfaceFlinger
-    // will keep calling doTransaction, and so we set the transaction flags.
+    // will keep calling doTransaction, and so we force a traversal.
     // However, our pending states won't clear until a frame is available,
-    // and so there is no need to specifically trigger a wakeup. Rather
-    // we set the flags and wait for something else to wake us up.
+    // and so there is no need to specifically trigger a wakeup.
     if (!mPendingStates.empty()) {
         setTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
-        mFlinger->setTransactionFlagsNoWake(eTraversalNeeded);
+        mFlinger->setTraversalNeeded();
     }
 
     mCurrentState.modified = false;
@@ -2239,6 +2238,7 @@
         layerInfo->set_effective_scaling_mode(getEffectiveScalingMode());
 
         layerInfo->set_corner_radius(getRoundedCornerState().radius);
+        layerInfo->set_background_blur_radius(getBackgroundBlurRadius());
         LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(transform, layerInfo->mutable_transform());
         LayerProtoHelper::writePositionToProto(transform.tx(), transform.ty(),
                                                [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_position(); });
@@ -2408,7 +2408,15 @@
     // Position the touchable region relative to frame screen location and restrict it to frame
     // bounds.
     info.touchableRegion = info.touchableRegion.translate(info.frameLeft, info.frameTop);
-    info.visible = canReceiveInput();
+    // For compatibility reasons we let layers which can receive input
+    // receive input before they have actually submitted a buffer. Because
+    // of this we use canReceiveInput instead of isVisible to check the
+    // policy-visibility, ignoring the buffer state. However for layers with
+    // hasInputInfo()==false we can use the real visibility state.
+    // We are just using these layers for occlusion detection in
+    // InputDispatcher, and obviously if they aren't visible they can't occlude
+    // anything.
+    info.visible = hasInputInfo() ? canReceiveInput() : isVisible();
 
     auto cropLayer = mDrawingState.touchableRegionCrop.promote();
     if (info.replaceTouchableRegionWithCrop) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
index f2bc65d..c5a4689 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/OWNERS
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 alecmouri@google.com
 chaviw@google.com
 lpy@google.com
-marissaw@google.com
 racarr@google.com
 steventhomas@google.com
 stoza@google.com
 vhau@google.com
+vishnun@google.com
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index 27353d8..398fd40 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 #include "DisplayDevice.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
+#include "Promise.h"
 #include "Scheduler/DispSync.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 
@@ -336,8 +337,20 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto device = mFlinger.getDefaultDisplayDevice();
-    const auto orientation = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(device->getOrientation());
+    wp<const DisplayDevice> displayWeak;
+
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack;
+    ui::Transform::RotationFlags orientation;
+    ui::Size displaySize;
+
+    {
+        // TODO(b/159112860): Don't keep sp<DisplayDevice> outside of SF main thread
+        const sp<const DisplayDevice> display = mFlinger.getDefaultDisplayDevice();
+        displayWeak = display;
+        layerStack = display->getLayerStack();
+        orientation = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(display->getOrientation());
+        displaySize = display->getSize();
+    }
 
     std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor> descriptors;
     Region sampleRegion;
@@ -346,20 +359,18 @@
         descriptors.emplace_back(descriptor);
     }
 
-    const Rect sampledArea = sampleRegion.bounds();
-
     auto dx = 0;
     auto dy = 0;
     switch (orientation) {
         case ui::Transform::ROT_90:
-            dx = device->getWidth();
+            dx = displaySize.getWidth();
             break;
         case ui::Transform::ROT_180:
-            dx = device->getWidth();
-            dy = device->getHeight();
+            dx = displaySize.getWidth();
+            dy = displaySize.getHeight();
             break;
         case ui::Transform::ROT_270:
-            dy = device->getHeight();
+            dy = displaySize.getHeight();
             break;
         default:
             break;
@@ -368,8 +379,13 @@
     ui::Transform t(orientation);
     auto screencapRegion = t.transform(sampleRegion);
     screencapRegion = screencapRegion.translate(dx, dy);
-    DisplayRenderArea renderArea(device, screencapRegion.bounds(), sampledArea.getWidth(),
-                                 sampledArea.getHeight(), ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, orientation);
+
+    const Rect sampledBounds = sampleRegion.bounds();
+
+    SurfaceFlinger::RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = promise::defer([=] {
+        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, sampledBounds, sampledBounds.getSize(),
+                                         ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, orientation);
+    });
 
     std::unordered_set<sp<IRegionSamplingListener>, SpHash<IRegionSamplingListener>> listeners;
 
@@ -393,9 +409,9 @@
             constexpr bool roundOutwards = true;
             Rect transformed = transform.transform(bounds, roundOutwards);
 
-            // If this layer doesn't intersect with the larger sampledArea, skip capturing it
+            // If this layer doesn't intersect with the larger sampledBounds, skip capturing it
             Rect ignore;
-            if (!transformed.intersect(sampledArea, &ignore)) return;
+            if (!transformed.intersect(sampledBounds, &ignore)) return;
 
             // If the layer doesn't intersect a sampling area, skip capturing it
             bool intersectsAnyArea = false;
@@ -411,22 +427,22 @@
                   bounds.top, bounds.right, bounds.bottom);
             visitor(layer);
         };
-        mFlinger.traverseLayersInDisplay(device, filterVisitor);
+        mFlinger.traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, filterVisitor);
     };
 
     sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = nullptr;
-    if (mCachedBuffer && mCachedBuffer->getWidth() == sampledArea.getWidth() &&
-        mCachedBuffer->getHeight() == sampledArea.getHeight()) {
+    if (mCachedBuffer && mCachedBuffer->getWidth() == sampledBounds.getWidth() &&
+        mCachedBuffer->getHeight() == sampledBounds.getHeight()) {
         buffer = mCachedBuffer;
     } else {
         const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER;
-        buffer = new GraphicBuffer(sampledArea.getWidth(), sampledArea.getHeight(),
+        buffer = new GraphicBuffer(sampledBounds.getWidth(), sampledBounds.getHeight(),
                                    PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usage, "RegionSamplingThread");
     }
 
     bool ignored;
-    mFlinger.captureScreenCommon(renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer, false /* identityTransform */,
-                                 true /* regionSampling */, ignored);
+    mFlinger.captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, buffer,
+                                 false /* identityTransform */, true /* regionSampling */, ignored);
 
     std::vector<Descriptor> activeDescriptors;
     for (const auto& descriptor : descriptors) {
@@ -437,7 +453,7 @@
 
     ALOGV("Sampling %zu descriptors", activeDescriptors.size());
     std::vector<float> lumas =
-            sampleBuffer(buffer, sampledArea.leftTop(), activeDescriptors, orientation);
+            sampleBuffer(buffer, sampledBounds.leftTop(), activeDescriptors, orientation);
     if (lumas.size() != activeDescriptors.size()) {
         ALOGW("collected %zu median luma values for %zu descriptors", lumas.size(),
               activeDescriptors.size());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
index 6b0455a..a6246d9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RenderArea.h
@@ -23,11 +23,9 @@
 
     static float getCaptureFillValue(CaptureFill captureFill);
 
-    RenderArea(uint32_t reqWidth, uint32_t reqHeight, CaptureFill captureFill,
-               ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace, const Rect& displayViewport,
-               RotationFlags rotation = ui::Transform::ROT_0)
-          : mReqWidth(reqWidth),
-            mReqHeight(reqHeight),
+    RenderArea(ui::Size reqSize, CaptureFill captureFill, ui::Dataspace reqDataSpace,
+               const Rect& displayViewport, RotationFlags rotation = ui::Transform::ROT_0)
+          : mReqSize(reqSize),
             mReqDataSpace(reqDataSpace),
             mCaptureFill(captureFill),
             mRotationFlags(rotation),
@@ -70,8 +68,8 @@
     RotationFlags getRotationFlags() const { return mRotationFlags; }
 
     // Returns the size of the physical render area.
-    int getReqWidth() const { return static_cast<int>(mReqWidth); }
-    int getReqHeight() const { return static_cast<int>(mReqHeight); }
+    int getReqWidth() const { return mReqSize.width; }
+    int getReqHeight() const { return mReqSize.height; }
 
     // Returns the composition data space of the render area.
     ui::Dataspace getReqDataSpace() const { return mReqDataSpace; }
@@ -86,8 +84,7 @@
     const Rect& getDisplayViewport() const { return mDisplayViewport; }
 
 private:
-    const uint32_t mReqWidth;
-    const uint32_t mReqHeight;
+    const ui::Size mReqSize;
     const ui::Dataspace mReqDataSpace;
     const CaptureFill mCaptureFill;
     const RotationFlags mRotationFlags;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
index acd76b0..228b8a0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistory.h
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
 
 class LayerHistoryV2 : public android::scheduler::LayerHistory {
 public:
-    LayerHistoryV2();
+    LayerHistoryV2(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&);
     virtual ~LayerHistoryV2();
 
     // Layers are unregistered when the weak reference expires.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistoryV2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistoryV2.cpp
index 316000c..ee612b0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistoryV2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerHistoryV2.cpp
@@ -58,37 +58,32 @@
     return atoi(value);
 }
 
-void trace(const wp<Layer>& weak, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type, int fps) {
+void trace(const wp<Layer>& weak, const LayerInfoV2& info, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type,
+           int fps) {
     const auto layer = weak.promote();
     if (!layer) return;
 
-    const auto makeTag = [layer](LayerHistory::LayerVoteType vote) {
-        return "LFPS " + RefreshRateConfigs::layerVoteTypeString(vote) + " " + layer->getName();
+    const auto traceType = [&](LayerHistory::LayerVoteType checkedType, int value) {
+        ATRACE_INT(info.getTraceTag(checkedType), type == checkedType ? value : 0);
     };
 
-    const auto noVoteTag = makeTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote);
-    const auto heuristicVoteTag = makeTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic);
-    const auto explicitDefaultVoteTag = makeTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault);
-    const auto explicitExactOrMultipleVoteTag =
-            makeTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple);
-    const auto minVoteTag = makeTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min);
-    const auto maxVoteTag = makeTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max);
-
-    ATRACE_INT(noVoteTag.c_str(), type == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote ? 1 : 0);
-    ATRACE_INT(heuristicVoteTag.c_str(), type == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic ? fps : 0);
-    ATRACE_INT(explicitDefaultVoteTag.c_str(),
-               type == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault ? fps : 0);
-    ATRACE_INT(explicitExactOrMultipleVoteTag.c_str(),
-               type == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple ? fps : 0);
-    ATRACE_INT(minVoteTag.c_str(), type == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min ? 1 : 0);
-    ATRACE_INT(maxVoteTag.c_str(), type == LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max ? 1 : 0);
+    traceType(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote, 1);
+    traceType(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, fps);
+    traceType(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, fps);
+    traceType(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, fps);
+    traceType(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, 1);
+    traceType(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, 1);
 
     ALOGD("%s: %s @ %d Hz", __FUNCTION__, layer->getName().c_str(), fps);
 }
 } // namespace
 
-LayerHistoryV2::LayerHistoryV2()
-      : mTraceEnabled(traceEnabled()), mUseFrameRatePriority(useFrameRatePriority()) {}
+LayerHistoryV2::LayerHistoryV2(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs)
+      : mTraceEnabled(traceEnabled()), mUseFrameRatePriority(useFrameRatePriority()) {
+    LayerInfoV2::setTraceEnabled(mTraceEnabled);
+    LayerInfoV2::setRefreshRateConfigs(refreshRateConfigs);
+}
+
 LayerHistoryV2::~LayerHistoryV2() = default;
 
 void LayerHistoryV2::registerLayer(Layer* layer, float /*lowRefreshRate*/, float highRefreshRate,
@@ -151,7 +146,7 @@
         summary.push_back({strong->getName(), type, refreshRate, weight});
 
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(mTraceEnabled)) {
-            trace(layer, type, static_cast<int>(std::round(refreshRate)));
+            trace(layer, *info, type, static_cast<int>(std::round(refreshRate)));
         }
     }
 
@@ -190,7 +185,7 @@
         }
 
         if (CC_UNLIKELY(mTraceEnabled)) {
-            trace(weak, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote, 0);
+            trace(weak, *info, LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::NoVote, 0);
         }
 
         info->onLayerInactive(now);
@@ -217,4 +212,5 @@
         info->clearHistory(systemTime());
     }
 }
+
 } // namespace android::scheduler::impl
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
index cb81ca2..820624b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfo.h
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
                 return false;
             }
 
-            // The layer had to publish at least HISTORY_SIZE or HISTORY_TIME of updates
+            // The layer had to publish at least HISTORY_SIZE or HISTORY_DURATION of updates
             if (mElements.size() < HISTORY_SIZE &&
-                mElements.back() - mElements.front() < HISTORY_TIME.count()) {
+                mElements.back() - mElements.front() < HISTORY_DURATION.count()) {
                 return false;
             }
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
 
     private:
         std::deque<nsecs_t> mElements;
-        static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds HISTORY_TIME = 1s;
+        static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds HISTORY_DURATION = 1s;
     };
 
     friend class LayerHistoryTest;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.cpp
index 82da007..44f20d0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.cpp
@@ -15,24 +15,31 @@
  */
 
 // #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 #include "LayerInfoV2.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <cutils/compiler.h>
+#include <cutils/trace.h>
+
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "LayerInfoV2"
-#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
+const RefreshRateConfigs* LayerInfoV2::sRefreshRateConfigs = nullptr;
+bool LayerInfoV2::sTraceEnabled = false;
+
 LayerInfoV2::LayerInfoV2(const std::string& name, nsecs_t highRefreshRatePeriod,
                          LayerHistory::LayerVoteType defaultVote)
       : mName(name),
         mHighRefreshRatePeriod(highRefreshRatePeriod),
         mDefaultVote(defaultVote),
-        mLayerVote({defaultVote, 0.0f}) {}
+        mLayerVote({defaultVote, 0.0f}),
+        mRefreshRateHistory(name) {}
 
 void LayerInfoV2::setLastPresentTime(nsecs_t lastPresentTime, nsecs_t now,
                                      LayerUpdateType updateType, bool pendingConfigChange) {
@@ -92,24 +99,28 @@
 }
 
 bool LayerInfoV2::hasEnoughDataForHeuristic() const {
-    // The layer had to publish at least HISTORY_SIZE or HISTORY_TIME of updates
+    // The layer had to publish at least HISTORY_SIZE or HISTORY_DURATION of updates
     if (mFrameTimes.size() < 2) {
+        ALOGV("fewer than 2 frames recorded: %zu", mFrameTimes.size());
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!isFrameTimeValid(mFrameTimes.front())) {
+        ALOGV("stale frames still captured");
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (mFrameTimes.size() < HISTORY_SIZE &&
-        mFrameTimes.back().queueTime - mFrameTimes.front().queueTime < HISTORY_TIME.count()) {
+    const auto totalDuration = mFrameTimes.back().queueTime - mFrameTimes.front().queueTime;
+    if (mFrameTimes.size() < HISTORY_SIZE && totalDuration < HISTORY_DURATION.count()) {
+        ALOGV("not enough frames captured: %zu | %.2f seconds", mFrameTimes.size(),
+              totalDuration / 1e9f);
         return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
-std::pair<nsecs_t, bool> LayerInfoV2::calculateAverageFrameTime() const {
+std::optional<nsecs_t> LayerInfoV2::calculateAverageFrameTime() const {
     nsecs_t totalPresentTimeDeltas = 0;
     nsecs_t totalQueueTimeDeltas = 0;
     bool missingPresentTime = false;
@@ -117,15 +128,20 @@
     for (auto it = mFrameTimes.begin(); it != mFrameTimes.end() - 1; ++it) {
         // Ignore frames captured during a config change
         if (it->pendingConfigChange || (it + 1)->pendingConfigChange) {
-            continue;
+            return std::nullopt;
         }
 
         totalQueueTimeDeltas +=
                 std::max(((it + 1)->queueTime - it->queueTime), mHighRefreshRatePeriod);
         numFrames++;
 
-        if (it->presetTime == 0 || (it + 1)->presetTime == 0) {
+        if (!missingPresentTime && (it->presetTime == 0 || (it + 1)->presetTime == 0)) {
             missingPresentTime = true;
+            // If there are no presentation timestamps and we haven't calculated
+            // one in the past then we can't calculate the refresh rate
+            if (mLastRefreshRate.reported == 0) {
+                return std::nullopt;
+            }
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -140,58 +156,46 @@
     // when implementing render ahead for specific refresh rates. When hwui no longer provides
     // presentation timestamps we look at the queue time to see if the current refresh rate still
     // matches the content.
+
     const auto averageFrameTime =
             static_cast<float>(missingPresentTime ? totalQueueTimeDeltas : totalPresentTimeDeltas) /
             numFrames;
-    return {static_cast<nsecs_t>(averageFrameTime), missingPresentTime};
+    return static_cast<nsecs_t>(averageFrameTime);
 }
 
-bool LayerInfoV2::isRefreshRateStable(nsecs_t averageFrameTime, bool missingPresentTime) const {
-    for (auto it = mFrameTimes.begin(); it != mFrameTimes.end() - 1; ++it) {
-        // Ignore frames captured during a config change
-        if (it->pendingConfigChange || (it + 1)->pendingConfigChange) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        const auto presentTimeDeltas = [&] {
-            const auto delta = missingPresentTime ? (it + 1)->queueTime - it->queueTime
-                                                  : (it + 1)->presetTime - it->presetTime;
-            return std::max(delta, mHighRefreshRatePeriod);
-        }();
-
-        if (std::abs(presentTimeDeltas - averageFrameTime) > 2 * averageFrameTime) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-std::optional<float> LayerInfoV2::calculateRefreshRateIfPossible() {
+std::optional<float> LayerInfoV2::calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(nsecs_t now) {
     static constexpr float MARGIN = 1.0f; // 1Hz
-
     if (!hasEnoughDataForHeuristic()) {
         ALOGV("Not enough data");
         return std::nullopt;
     }
 
-    const auto [averageFrameTime, missingPresentTime] = calculateAverageFrameTime();
+    const auto averageFrameTime = calculateAverageFrameTime();
+    if (averageFrameTime.has_value()) {
+        const auto refreshRate = 1e9f / *averageFrameTime;
+        const bool refreshRateConsistent = mRefreshRateHistory.add(refreshRate, now);
+        if (refreshRateConsistent) {
+            const auto knownRefreshRate =
+                    sRefreshRateConfigs->findClosestKnownFrameRate(refreshRate);
 
-    // If there are no presentation timestamps provided we can't calculate the refresh rate
-    if (missingPresentTime && mLastReportedRefreshRate == 0) {
-        return std::nullopt;
+            // To avoid oscillation, use the last calculated refresh rate if it is
+            // close enough
+            if (std::abs(mLastRefreshRate.calculated - refreshRate) > MARGIN &&
+                mLastRefreshRate.reported != knownRefreshRate) {
+                mLastRefreshRate.calculated = refreshRate;
+                mLastRefreshRate.reported = knownRefreshRate;
+            }
+
+            ALOGV("%s %.2fHz rounded to nearest known frame rate %.2fHz", mName.c_str(),
+                  refreshRate, mLastRefreshRate.reported);
+        } else {
+            ALOGV("%s Not stable (%.2fHz) returning last known frame rate %.2fHz", mName.c_str(),
+                  refreshRate, mLastRefreshRate.reported);
+        }
     }
 
-    if (!isRefreshRateStable(averageFrameTime, missingPresentTime)) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    const auto refreshRate = 1e9f / averageFrameTime;
-    if (std::abs(refreshRate - mLastReportedRefreshRate) > MARGIN) {
-        mLastReportedRefreshRate = refreshRate;
-    }
-
-    ALOGV("Refresh rate: %.2f", mLastReportedRefreshRate);
-    return mLastReportedRefreshRate;
+    return mLastRefreshRate.reported == 0 ? std::nullopt
+                                          : std::make_optional(mLastRefreshRate.reported);
 }
 
 std::pair<LayerHistory::LayerVoteType, float> LayerInfoV2::getRefreshRate(nsecs_t now) {
@@ -202,15 +206,24 @@
 
     if (isAnimating(now)) {
         ALOGV("%s is animating", mName.c_str());
+        mLastRefreshRate.animatingOrInfrequent = true;
         return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, 0};
     }
 
     if (!isFrequent(now)) {
         ALOGV("%s is infrequent", mName.c_str());
+        mLastRefreshRate.animatingOrInfrequent = true;
         return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, 0};
     }
 
-    auto refreshRate = calculateRefreshRateIfPossible();
+    // If the layer was previously tagged as animating or infrequent, we clear
+    // the history as it is likely the layer just changed its behavior
+    // and we should not look at stale data
+    if (mLastRefreshRate.animatingOrInfrequent) {
+        clearHistory(now);
+    }
+
+    auto refreshRate = calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(now);
     if (refreshRate.has_value()) {
         ALOGV("%s calculated refresh rate: %.2f", mName.c_str(), refreshRate.value());
         return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, refreshRate.value()};
@@ -220,4 +233,65 @@
     return {LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, 0};
 }
 
+const char* LayerInfoV2::getTraceTag(android::scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) const {
+    if (mTraceTags.count(type) == 0) {
+        const auto tag = "LFPS " + mName + " " + RefreshRateConfigs::layerVoteTypeString(type);
+        mTraceTags.emplace(type, tag);
+    }
+
+    return mTraceTags.at(type).c_str();
+}
+
+LayerInfoV2::RefreshRateHistory::HeuristicTraceTagData
+LayerInfoV2::RefreshRateHistory::makeHeuristicTraceTagData() const {
+    const std::string prefix = "LFPS ";
+    const std::string suffix = "Heuristic ";
+    return {.min = prefix + mName + suffix + "min",
+            .max = prefix + mName + suffix + "max",
+            .consistent = prefix + mName + suffix + "consistent",
+            .average = prefix + mName + suffix + "average"};
+}
+
+void LayerInfoV2::RefreshRateHistory::clear() {
+    mRefreshRates.clear();
+}
+
+bool LayerInfoV2::RefreshRateHistory::add(float refreshRate, nsecs_t now) {
+    mRefreshRates.push_back({refreshRate, now});
+    while (mRefreshRates.size() >= HISTORY_SIZE ||
+           now - mRefreshRates.front().timestamp > HISTORY_DURATION.count()) {
+        mRefreshRates.pop_front();
+    }
+
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(sTraceEnabled)) {
+        if (!mHeuristicTraceTagData.has_value()) {
+            mHeuristicTraceTagData = makeHeuristicTraceTagData();
+        }
+
+        ATRACE_INT(mHeuristicTraceTagData->average.c_str(), static_cast<int>(refreshRate));
+    }
+
+    return isConsistent();
+}
+
+bool LayerInfoV2::RefreshRateHistory::isConsistent() const {
+    if (mRefreshRates.empty()) return true;
+
+    const auto max = std::max_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end());
+    const auto min = std::min_element(mRefreshRates.begin(), mRefreshRates.end());
+    const auto consistent = max->refreshRate - min->refreshRate <= MARGIN_FPS;
+
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(sTraceEnabled)) {
+        if (!mHeuristicTraceTagData.has_value()) {
+            mHeuristicTraceTagData = makeHeuristicTraceTagData();
+        }
+
+        ATRACE_INT(mHeuristicTraceTagData->max.c_str(), static_cast<int>(max->refreshRate));
+        ATRACE_INT(mHeuristicTraceTagData->min.c_str(), static_cast<int>(min->refreshRate));
+        ATRACE_INT(mHeuristicTraceTagData->consistent.c_str(), consistent);
+    }
+
+    return consistent;
+}
+
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.h
index 9e6783f..33dc66f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/LayerInfoV2.h
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@
     friend class LayerHistoryTestV2;
 
 public:
+    static void setTraceEnabled(bool enabled) { sTraceEnabled = enabled; }
+
+    static void setRefreshRateConfigs(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs) {
+        sRefreshRateConfigs = &refreshRateConfigs;
+    }
+
     LayerInfoV2(const std::string& name, nsecs_t highRefreshRatePeriod,
                 LayerHistory::LayerVoteType defaultVote);
 
@@ -86,6 +92,9 @@
     // updated time, the updated time is the present time.
     nsecs_t getLastUpdatedTime() const { return mLastUpdatedTime; }
 
+    // Returns a C string for tracing a vote
+    const char* getTraceTag(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type) const;
+
     void onLayerInactive(nsecs_t now) {
         // Mark mFrameTimeValidSince to now to ignore all previous frame times.
         // We are not deleting the old frame to keep track of whether we should treat the first
@@ -93,7 +102,8 @@
         // posting infrequent updates.
         const auto timePoint = std::chrono::nanoseconds(now);
         mFrameTimeValidSince = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock>(timePoint);
-        mLastReportedRefreshRate = 0.0f;
+        mLastRefreshRate = {};
+        mRefreshRateHistory.clear();
     }
 
     void clearHistory(nsecs_t now) {
@@ -109,12 +119,73 @@
         bool pendingConfigChange;
     };
 
+    // Holds information about the calculated and reported refresh rate
+    struct RefreshRateHeuristicData {
+        // Rate calculated on the layer
+        float calculated = 0.0f;
+        // Last reported rate for LayerInfoV2::getRefreshRate()
+        float reported = 0.0f;
+        // Whether the last reported rate for LayerInfoV2::getRefreshRate()
+        // was due to animation or infrequent updates
+        bool animatingOrInfrequent = false;
+    };
+
+    // Holds information about the layer vote
+    struct LayerVote {
+        LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type = LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
+        float fps = 0.0f;
+    };
+
+    // Class to store past calculated refresh rate and determine whether
+    // the refresh rate calculated is consistent with past values
+    class RefreshRateHistory {
+    public:
+        static constexpr auto HISTORY_SIZE = 90;
+        static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds HISTORY_DURATION = 2s;
+
+        RefreshRateHistory(const std::string& name) : mName(name) {}
+
+        // Clears History
+        void clear();
+
+        // Adds a new refresh rate and returns true if it is consistent
+        bool add(float refreshRate, nsecs_t now);
+
+    private:
+        friend class LayerHistoryTestV2;
+
+        // Holds the refresh rate when it was calculated
+        struct RefreshRateData {
+            float refreshRate = 0.0f;
+            nsecs_t timestamp = 0;
+
+            bool operator<(const RefreshRateData& other) const {
+                return refreshRate < other.refreshRate;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Holds tracing strings
+        struct HeuristicTraceTagData {
+            std::string min;
+            std::string max;
+            std::string consistent;
+            std::string average;
+        };
+
+        bool isConsistent() const;
+        HeuristicTraceTagData makeHeuristicTraceTagData() const;
+
+        const std::string mName;
+        mutable std::optional<HeuristicTraceTagData> mHeuristicTraceTagData;
+        std::deque<RefreshRateData> mRefreshRates;
+        static constexpr float MARGIN_FPS = 1.0;
+    };
+
     bool isFrequent(nsecs_t now) const;
     bool isAnimating(nsecs_t now) const;
     bool hasEnoughDataForHeuristic() const;
-    std::optional<float> calculateRefreshRateIfPossible();
-    std::pair<nsecs_t, bool> calculateAverageFrameTime() const;
-    bool isRefreshRateStable(nsecs_t averageFrameTime, bool missingPresentTime) const;
+    std::optional<float> calculateRefreshRateIfPossible(nsecs_t now);
+    std::optional<nsecs_t> calculateAverageFrameTime() const;
     bool isFrameTimeValid(const FrameTimeData&) const;
 
     const std::string mName;
@@ -123,23 +194,27 @@
     const nsecs_t mHighRefreshRatePeriod;
     LayerHistory::LayerVoteType mDefaultVote;
 
+    LayerVote mLayerVote;
+
     nsecs_t mLastUpdatedTime = 0;
 
     nsecs_t mLastAnimationTime = 0;
 
-    float mLastReportedRefreshRate = 0.0f;
-
-    // Holds information about the layer vote
-    struct {
-        LayerHistory::LayerVoteType type;
-        float fps;
-    } mLayerVote;
+    RefreshRateHeuristicData mLastRefreshRate;
 
     std::deque<FrameTimeData> mFrameTimes;
     std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> mFrameTimeValidSince =
             std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    static constexpr size_t HISTORY_SIZE = 90;
-    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds HISTORY_TIME = 1s;
+    static constexpr size_t HISTORY_SIZE = RefreshRateHistory::HISTORY_SIZE;
+    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds HISTORY_DURATION = 1s;
+
+    RefreshRateHistory mRefreshRateHistory;
+
+    mutable std::unordered_map<LayerHistory::LayerVoteType, std::string> mTraceTags;
+
+    // Shared for all LayerInfo instances
+    static const RefreshRateConfigs* sRefreshRateConfigs;
+    static bool sTraceEnabled;
 };
 
 } // namespace scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
index 3c8bd68..a6036c6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.cpp
@@ -115,12 +115,24 @@
 }
 
 const RefreshRate& RefreshRateConfigs::getBestRefreshRate(
-        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, bool touchActive, bool idle,
-        bool* touchConsidered) const {
+        const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers, const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+        GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered) const {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGV("getRefreshRateForContent %zu layers", layers.size());
 
-    if (touchConsidered) *touchConsidered = false;
+    if (outSignalsConsidered) *outSignalsConsidered = {};
+    const auto setTouchConsidered = [&] {
+        if (outSignalsConsidered) {
+            outSignalsConsidered->touch = true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    const auto setIdleConsidered = [&] {
+        if (outSignalsConsidered) {
+            outSignalsConsidered->idle = true;
+        }
+    };
+
     std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
 
     int noVoteLayers = 0;
@@ -150,9 +162,9 @@
 
     // Consider the touch event if there are no Explicit* layers. Otherwise wait until after we've
     // selected a refresh rate to see if we should apply touch boost.
-    if (touchActive && !hasExplicitVoteLayers) {
+    if (globalSignals.touch && !hasExplicitVoteLayers) {
         ALOGV("TouchBoost - choose %s", getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked().getName().c_str());
-        if (touchConsidered) *touchConsidered = true;
+        setTouchConsidered();
         return getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
     }
 
@@ -162,8 +174,10 @@
     const Policy* policy = getCurrentPolicyLocked();
     const bool primaryRangeIsSingleRate = policy->primaryRange.min == policy->primaryRange.max;
 
-    if (!touchActive && idle && !(primaryRangeIsSingleRate && hasExplicitVoteLayers)) {
+    if (!globalSignals.touch && globalSignals.idle &&
+        !(primaryRangeIsSingleRate && hasExplicitVoteLayers)) {
         ALOGV("Idle - choose %s", getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked().getName().c_str());
+        setIdleConsidered();
         return getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
     }
 
@@ -242,7 +256,7 @@
 
             if (layer.vote == LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple ||
                 layer.vote == LayerVoteType::Heuristic) {
-                const auto layerScore = [&]() {
+                const auto layerScore = [&] {
                     // Calculate how many display vsyncs we need to present a single frame for this
                     // layer
                     const auto [displayFramesQuot, displayFramesRem] =
@@ -307,9 +321,9 @@
     // actually increase the refresh rate over the normal selection.
     const RefreshRate& touchRefreshRate = getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
 
-    if (touchActive && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 &&
+    if (globalSignals.touch && explicitDefaultVoteLayers == 0 &&
         bestRefreshRate->fps < touchRefreshRate.fps) {
-        if (touchConsidered) *touchConsidered = true;
+        setTouchConsidered();
         ALOGV("TouchBoost - choose %s", touchRefreshRate.getName().c_str());
         return touchRefreshRate;
     }
@@ -384,7 +398,8 @@
 
 RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRateConfigs(
         const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs,
-        HwcConfigIndexType currentConfigId) {
+        HwcConfigIndexType currentConfigId)
+      : mKnownFrameRates(constructKnownFrameRates(configs)) {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(configs.empty());
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(currentConfigId.value() >= configs.size());
 
@@ -544,4 +559,64 @@
                        &mAppRequestRefreshRates);
 }
 
+std::vector<float> RefreshRateConfigs::constructKnownFrameRates(
+        const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs) {
+    std::vector<float> knownFrameRates = {24.0f, 30.0f, 45.0f, 60.0f, 72.0f};
+    knownFrameRates.reserve(knownFrameRates.size() + configs.size());
+
+    // Add all supported refresh rates to the set
+    for (const auto& config : configs) {
+        const auto refreshRate = 1e9f / config->getVsyncPeriod();
+        knownFrameRates.emplace_back(refreshRate);
+    }
+
+    // Sort and remove duplicates
+    const auto frameRatesEqual = [](float a, float b) { return std::abs(a - b) <= 0.01f; };
+    std::sort(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end());
+    knownFrameRates.erase(std::unique(knownFrameRates.begin(), knownFrameRates.end(),
+                                      frameRatesEqual),
+                          knownFrameRates.end());
+    return knownFrameRates;
+}
+
+float RefreshRateConfigs::findClosestKnownFrameRate(float frameRate) const {
+    if (frameRate <= *mKnownFrameRates.begin()) {
+        return *mKnownFrameRates.begin();
+    }
+
+    if (frameRate >= *std::prev(mKnownFrameRates.end())) {
+        return *std::prev(mKnownFrameRates.end());
+    }
+
+    auto lowerBound = std::lower_bound(mKnownFrameRates.begin(), mKnownFrameRates.end(), frameRate);
+
+    const auto distance1 = std::abs(frameRate - *lowerBound);
+    const auto distance2 = std::abs(frameRate - *std::prev(lowerBound));
+    return distance1 < distance2 ? *lowerBound : *std::prev(lowerBound);
+}
+
+RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction RefreshRateConfigs::getIdleTimerAction() const {
+    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    const auto& deviceMin = getMinRefreshRate();
+    const auto& minByPolicy = getMinRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
+    const auto& maxByPolicy = getMaxRefreshRateByPolicyLocked();
+
+    // Kernel idle timer will set the refresh rate to the device min. If DisplayManager says that
+    // the min allowed refresh rate is higher than the device min, we do not want to enable the
+    // timer.
+    if (deviceMin < minByPolicy) {
+        return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff;
+    }
+    if (minByPolicy == maxByPolicy) {
+        // Do not sent the call to toggle off kernel idle timer if the device min and policy min and
+        // max are all the same. This saves us extra unnecessary calls to sysprop.
+        if (deviceMin == minByPolicy) {
+            return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::NoChange;
+        }
+        return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff;
+    }
+    // Turn on the timer in all other cases.
+    return RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn;
+}
+
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
index ff1eabd..8a51b85 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include "Scheduler/StrongTyping.h"
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
-class RefreshRateConfigsTest;
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
@@ -83,11 +82,13 @@
             return configId != other.configId || hwcConfig != other.hwcConfig;
         }
 
+        bool operator<(const RefreshRate& other) const { return getFps() < other.getFps(); }
+
         bool operator==(const RefreshRate& other) const { return !(*this != other); }
 
     private:
         friend RefreshRateConfigs;
-        friend RefreshRateConfigsTest;
+        friend class RefreshRateConfigsTest;
 
         // The tolerance within which we consider FPS approximately equals.
         static constexpr float FPS_EPSILON = 0.001f;
@@ -212,14 +213,22 @@
     const RefreshRate& getRefreshRateForContent(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers) const
             EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
+    // Global state describing signals that affect refresh rate choice.
+    struct GlobalSignals {
+        // Whether the user touched the screen recently. Used to apply touch boost.
+        bool touch = false;
+        // True if the system hasn't seen any buffers posted to layers recently.
+        bool idle = false;
+    };
+
     // Returns the refresh rate that fits best to the given layers.
     //   layers - The layer requirements to consider.
-    //   touchActive - Whether the user touched the screen recently. Used to apply touch boost.
-    //   idle - True if the system hasn't seen any buffers posted to layers recently.
-    //   touchConsidered - An output param that tells the caller whether the refresh rate was chosen
-    //                     based on touch boost.
+    //   globalSignals - global state of touch and idle
+    //   outSignalsConsidered - An output param that tells the caller whether the refresh rate was
+    //                          chosen based on touch boost and/or idle timer.
     const RefreshRate& getBestRefreshRate(const std::vector<LayerRequirement>& layers,
-                                          bool touchActive, bool idle, bool* touchConsidered) const
+                                          const GlobalSignals& globalSignals,
+                                          GlobalSignals* outSignalsConsidered = nullptr) const
             EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
     // Returns all the refresh rates supported by the device. This won't change at runtime.
@@ -258,11 +267,29 @@
     // Returns a string that represents the layer vote type
     static std::string layerVoteTypeString(LayerVoteType vote);
 
+    // Returns a known frame rate that is the closest to frameRate
+    float findClosestKnownFrameRate(float frameRate) const;
+
     RefreshRateConfigs(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs,
                        HwcConfigIndexType currentConfigId);
 
+    // Class to enumerate options around toggling the kernel timer on and off. We have an option
+    // for no change to avoid extra calls to kernel.
+    enum class KernelIdleTimerAction {
+        NoChange, // Do not change the idle timer.
+        TurnOff,  // Turn off the idle timer.
+        TurnOn    // Turn on the idle timer.
+    };
+    // Checks whether kernel idle timer should be active depending the policy decisions around
+    // refresh rates.
+    KernelIdleTimerAction getIdleTimerAction() const;
+
 private:
+    friend class RefreshRateConfigsTest;
+
     void constructAvailableRefreshRates() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    static std::vector<float> constructKnownFrameRates(
+            const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs);
 
     void getSortedRefreshRateList(
             const std::function<bool(const RefreshRate&)>& shouldAddRefreshRate,
@@ -320,6 +347,10 @@
     const RefreshRate* mMaxSupportedRefreshRate;
 
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
+
+    // A sorted list of known frame rates that a Heuristic layer will choose
+    // from based on the closest value.
+    const std::vector<float> mKnownFrameRates;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index e250bbf..5c0ba01 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
     using namespace sysprop;
 
     if (mUseContentDetectionV2) {
-        mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistoryV2>();
+        mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistoryV2>(refreshRateConfig);
     } else {
         mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistory>();
     }
@@ -228,8 +228,36 @@
     mConnections[handle].thread->onScreenReleased();
 }
 
-void Scheduler::onConfigChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
-                                HwcConfigIndexType configId, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) {
+void Scheduler::onPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(ConnectionHandle handle, PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
+                                              HwcConfigIndexType configId, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
+    // Cache the last reported config for primary display.
+    mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams = {handle, displayId, configId, vsyncPeriod};
+    onNonPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(handle, displayId, configId, vsyncPeriod);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::dispatchCachedReportedConfig() {
+    const auto configId = *mFeatures.configId;
+    const auto vsyncPeriod =
+            mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(configId).getVsyncPeriod();
+
+    // If there is no change from cached config, there is no need to dispatch an event
+    if (configId == mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->configId &&
+        vsyncPeriod == mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->vsyncPeriod) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->configId = configId;
+    mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->vsyncPeriod = vsyncPeriod;
+    onNonPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->handle,
+                                     mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->displayId,
+                                     mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->configId,
+                                     mFeatures.cachedConfigChangedParams->vsyncPeriod);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::onNonPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(ConnectionHandle handle,
+                                                 PhysicalDisplayId displayId,
+                                                 HwcConfigIndexType configId, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod) {
     RETURN_IF_INVALID_HANDLE(handle);
     mConnections[handle].thread->onConfigChanged(displayId, configId, vsyncPeriod);
 }
@@ -446,13 +474,21 @@
         mFeatures.contentDetectionV1 =
                 !summary.empty() ? ContentDetectionState::On : ContentDetectionState::Off;
 
-        newConfigId = calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType();
+        scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
+        newConfigId = calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType(&consideredSignals);
         if (mFeatures.configId == newConfigId) {
+            // We don't need to change the config, but we might need to send an event
+            // about a config change, since it was suppressed due to a previous idleConsidered
+            if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
+                dispatchCachedReportedConfig();
+            }
             return;
         }
         mFeatures.configId = newConfigId;
         auto& newRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(newConfigId);
-        mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate, ConfigEvent::Changed);
+        mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate,
+                                             consideredSignals.idle ? ConfigEvent::None
+                                                                    : ConfigEvent::Changed);
     }
 }
 
@@ -522,21 +558,20 @@
 }
 
 void Scheduler::idleTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
-    handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.idleTimer, state, false /* eventOnContentDetection */);
+    handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.idleTimer, state);
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredIdleTimer", static_cast<int>(state));
 }
 
 void Scheduler::touchTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
     const TouchState touch = state == TimerState::Reset ? TouchState::Active : TouchState::Inactive;
-    if (handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.touch, touch, true /* eventOnContentDetection */)) {
+    if (handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.touch, touch)) {
         mLayerHistory->clear();
     }
     ATRACE_INT("TouchState", static_cast<int>(touch));
 }
 
 void Scheduler::displayPowerTimerCallback(TimerState state) {
-    handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.displayPowerTimer, state,
-                            true /* eventOnContentDetection */);
+    handleTimerStateChanged(&mFeatures.displayPowerTimer, state);
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredDisplayPowerTimer", static_cast<int>(state));
 }
 
@@ -553,33 +588,37 @@
 }
 
 template <class T>
-bool Scheduler::handleTimerStateChanged(T* currentState, T newState, bool eventOnContentDetection) {
-    ConfigEvent event = ConfigEvent::None;
+bool Scheduler::handleTimerStateChanged(T* currentState, T newState) {
     HwcConfigIndexType newConfigId;
-    bool touchConsidered = false;
+    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
         if (*currentState == newState) {
-            return touchConsidered;
+            return false;
         }
         *currentState = newState;
-        newConfigId = calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType(&touchConsidered);
+        newConfigId = calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType(&consideredSignals);
         if (mFeatures.configId == newConfigId) {
-            return touchConsidered;
+            // We don't need to change the config, but we might need to send an event
+            // about a config change, since it was suppressed due to a previous idleConsidered
+            if (!consideredSignals.idle) {
+                dispatchCachedReportedConfig();
+            }
+            return consideredSignals.touch;
         }
         mFeatures.configId = newConfigId;
-        if (eventOnContentDetection && !mFeatures.contentRequirements.empty()) {
-            event = ConfigEvent::Changed;
-        }
     }
     const RefreshRate& newRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(newConfigId);
-    mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate, event);
-    return touchConsidered;
+    mSchedulerCallback.changeRefreshRate(newRefreshRate,
+                                         consideredSignals.idle ? ConfigEvent::None
+                                                                : ConfigEvent::Changed);
+    return consideredSignals.touch;
 }
 
-HwcConfigIndexType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType(bool* touchConsidered) {
+HwcConfigIndexType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType(
+        scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals* consideredSignals) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
-    if (touchConsidered) *touchConsidered = false;
+    if (consideredSignals) *consideredSignals = {};
 
     // If Display Power is not in normal operation we want to be in performance mode. When coming
     // back to normal mode, a grace period is given with DisplayPowerTimer.
@@ -600,6 +639,7 @@
 
         // If timer has expired as it means there is no new content on the screen.
         if (idle) {
+            if (consideredSignals) consideredSignals->idle = true;
             return mRefreshRateConfigs.getMinRefreshRateByPolicy().getConfigId();
         }
 
@@ -615,7 +655,8 @@
     }
 
     return mRefreshRateConfigs
-            .getBestRefreshRate(mFeatures.contentRequirements, touchActive, idle, touchConsidered)
+            .getBestRefreshRate(mFeatures.contentRequirements, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = idle},
+                                consideredSignals)
             .getConfigId();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index ebee9e3..730ea8f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -55,13 +55,24 @@
     virtual void kernelTimerChanged(bool expired) = 0;
 };
 
-class Scheduler {
+class IPhaseOffsetControl {
+public:
+    virtual ~IPhaseOffsetControl() = default;
+    virtual void setPhaseOffset(scheduler::ConnectionHandle, nsecs_t phaseOffset) = 0;
+};
+
+class Scheduler : public IPhaseOffsetControl {
 public:
     using RefreshRate = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRate;
     using ConfigEvent = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigEvent;
 
     // Indicates whether to start the transaction early, or at vsync time.
-    enum class TransactionStart { EARLY, NORMAL };
+    enum class TransactionStart {
+        Early,      // DEPRECATED. Start the transaction early. Times out on its own
+        EarlyStart, // Start the transaction early and keep this config until EarlyEnd
+        EarlyEnd,   // End the early config started at EarlyStart
+        Normal      // Start the transaction at the normal time
+    };
 
     Scheduler(impl::EventControlThread::SetVSyncEnabledFunction,
               const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&, ISchedulerCallback& schedulerCallback,
@@ -81,14 +92,16 @@
     sp<EventThreadConnection> getEventConnection(ConnectionHandle);
 
     void onHotplugReceived(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId, bool connected);
-    void onConfigChanged(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId, HwcConfigIndexType configId,
-                         nsecs_t vsyncPeriod);
-
+    void onPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId,
+                                       HwcConfigIndexType configId, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod)
+            EXCLUDES(mFeatureStateLock);
+    void onNonPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(ConnectionHandle, PhysicalDisplayId,
+                                          HwcConfigIndexType configId, nsecs_t vsyncPeriod);
     void onScreenAcquired(ConnectionHandle);
     void onScreenReleased(ConnectionHandle);
 
     // Modifies phase offset in the event thread.
-    void setPhaseOffset(ConnectionHandle, nsecs_t phaseOffset);
+    void setPhaseOffset(ConnectionHandle, nsecs_t phaseOffset) override;
 
     void getDisplayStatInfo(DisplayStatInfo* stats);
 
@@ -179,16 +192,19 @@
 
     // handles various timer features to change the refresh rate.
     template <class T>
-    bool handleTimerStateChanged(T* currentState, T newState, bool eventOnContentDetection);
+    bool handleTimerStateChanged(T* currentState, T newState);
 
     void setVsyncPeriod(nsecs_t period);
 
     // This function checks whether individual features that are affecting the refresh rate
     // selection were initialized, prioritizes them, and calculates the HwcConfigIndexType
     // for the suggested refresh rate.
-    HwcConfigIndexType calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType(bool* touchConsidered = nullptr)
+    HwcConfigIndexType calculateRefreshRateConfigIndexType(
+            scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals* consideredSignals = nullptr)
             REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock);
 
+    void dispatchCachedReportedConfig() REQUIRES(mFeatureStateLock);
+
     // Stores EventThread associated with a given VSyncSource, and an initial EventThreadConnection.
     struct Connection {
         sp<EventThreadConnection> connection;
@@ -240,6 +256,16 @@
         LayerHistory::Summary contentRequirements;
 
         bool isDisplayPowerStateNormal = true;
+
+        // Used to cache the last parameters of onPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged
+        struct ConfigChangedParams {
+            ConnectionHandle handle;
+            PhysicalDisplayId displayId;
+            HwcConfigIndexType configId;
+            nsecs_t vsyncPeriod;
+        };
+
+        std::optional<ConfigChangedParams> cachedConfigChangedParams;
     } mFeatures GUARDED_BY(mFeatureStateLock);
 
     const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& mRefreshRateConfigs;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
index abeacfe..a596bce 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
@@ -338,10 +338,14 @@
     }
     auto& callback = it->second;
 
-    if (callback->wakeupTime()) {
+    auto const wakeupTime = callback->wakeupTime();
+    if (wakeupTime) {
         callback->disarm();
-        mIntendedWakeupTime = kInvalidTime;
-        rearmTimer(mTimeKeeper->now());
+
+        if (*wakeupTime == mIntendedWakeupTime) {
+            mIntendedWakeupTime = kInvalidTime;
+            rearmTimer(mTimeKeeper->now());
+        }
         return CancelResult::Cancelled;
     }
     return CancelResult::TooLate;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.cpp
index 40a992c..2567c04 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.cpp
@@ -25,16 +25,17 @@
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <mutex>
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
-VSyncModulator::VSyncModulator(Scheduler& scheduler,
+VSyncModulator::VSyncModulator(IPhaseOffsetControl& phaseOffsetControl,
                                Scheduler::ConnectionHandle appConnectionHandle,
                                Scheduler::ConnectionHandle sfConnectionHandle,
                                const OffsetsConfig& config)
-      : mScheduler(scheduler),
+      : mPhaseOffsetControl(phaseOffsetControl),
         mAppConnectionHandle(appConnectionHandle),
         mSfConnectionHandle(sfConnectionHandle),
         mOffsetsConfig(config) {
@@ -50,13 +51,35 @@
 }
 
 void VSyncModulator::setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart transactionStart) {
-    if (transactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EARLY) {
+    switch (transactionStart) {
+        case Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart:
+            ALOGW_IF(mExplicitEarlyWakeup, "Already in TransactionStart::EarlyStart");
+            mExplicitEarlyWakeup = true;
+            break;
+        case Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd:
+            ALOGW_IF(!mExplicitEarlyWakeup, "Not in TransactionStart::EarlyStart");
+            mExplicitEarlyWakeup = false;
+            break;
+        case Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal:
+        case Scheduler::TransactionStart::Early:
+            // Non explicit don't change the explicit early wakeup state
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (mTraceDetailedInfo) {
+        ATRACE_INT("mExplicitEarlyWakeup", mExplicitEarlyWakeup);
+    }
+
+    if (!mExplicitEarlyWakeup &&
+        (transactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::Early ||
+         transactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd)) {
         mRemainingEarlyFrameCount = MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION;
+        mEarlyTxnStartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     }
 
     // An early transaction stays an early transaction.
     if (transactionStart == mTransactionStart ||
-        mTransactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EARLY) {
+        mTransactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd) {
         return;
     }
     mTransactionStart = transactionStart;
@@ -64,8 +87,9 @@
 }
 
 void VSyncModulator::onTransactionHandled() {
-    if (mTransactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::NORMAL) return;
-    mTransactionStart = Scheduler::TransactionStart::NORMAL;
+    mTxnAppliedTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    if (mTransactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal) return;
+    mTransactionStart = Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal;
     updateOffsets();
 }
 
@@ -87,9 +111,15 @@
 
 void VSyncModulator::onRefreshed(bool usedRenderEngine) {
     bool updateOffsetsNeeded = false;
-    if (mRemainingEarlyFrameCount > 0) {
-        mRemainingEarlyFrameCount--;
-        updateOffsetsNeeded = true;
+
+    // Apply a margin to account for potential data races
+    // This might make us stay in early offsets for one
+    // additional frame but it's better to be conservative here.
+    if ((mEarlyTxnStartTime.load() + MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY) < mTxnAppliedTime.load()) {
+        if (mRemainingEarlyFrameCount > 0) {
+            mRemainingEarlyFrameCount--;
+            updateOffsetsNeeded = true;
+        }
     }
     if (usedRenderEngine) {
         mRemainingRenderEngineUsageCount = MIN_EARLY_GL_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION;
@@ -111,8 +141,8 @@
 const VSyncModulator::Offsets& VSyncModulator::getNextOffsets() const {
     // Early offsets are used if we're in the middle of a refresh rate
     // change, or if we recently begin a transaction.
-    if (mTransactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EARLY || mRemainingEarlyFrameCount > 0 ||
-        mRefreshRateChangePending) {
+    if (mExplicitEarlyWakeup || mTransactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd ||
+        mRemainingEarlyFrameCount > 0 || mRefreshRateChangePending) {
         return mOffsetsConfig.early;
     } else if (mRemainingRenderEngineUsageCount > 0) {
         return mOffsetsConfig.earlyGl;
@@ -129,8 +159,8 @@
 void VSyncModulator::updateOffsetsLocked() {
     const Offsets& offsets = getNextOffsets();
 
-    mScheduler.setPhaseOffset(mSfConnectionHandle, offsets.sf);
-    mScheduler.setPhaseOffset(mAppConnectionHandle, offsets.app);
+    mPhaseOffsetControl.setPhaseOffset(mSfConnectionHandle, offsets.sf);
+    mPhaseOffsetControl.setPhaseOffset(mAppConnectionHandle, offsets.app);
 
     mOffsets = offsets;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h
index 704a5d5..ab678c9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <mutex>
 
 #include "Scheduler.h"
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@
     // switch in and out of gl composition.
     static constexpr int MIN_EARLY_GL_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION = 2;
 
+    // Margin used to account for potential data races
+    static const constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY = 1ms;
+
 public:
     // Wrapper for a collection of surfaceflinger/app offsets for a particular
     // configuration.
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@
         bool operator!=(const OffsetsConfig& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
     };
 
-    VSyncModulator(Scheduler&, ConnectionHandle appConnectionHandle,
+    VSyncModulator(IPhaseOffsetControl&, ConnectionHandle appConnectionHandle,
                    ConnectionHandle sfConnectionHandle, const OffsetsConfig&);
 
     void setPhaseOffsets(const OffsetsConfig&) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
@@ -90,13 +94,14 @@
     Offsets getOffsets() const EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
 private:
+    friend class VSyncModulatorTest;
     // Returns the next offsets that we should be using
     const Offsets& getNextOffsets() const REQUIRES(mMutex);
     // Updates offsets and persists them into the scheduler framework.
     void updateOffsets() EXCLUDES(mMutex);
     void updateOffsetsLocked() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
-    Scheduler& mScheduler;
+    IPhaseOffsetControl& mPhaseOffsetControl;
     const ConnectionHandle mAppConnectionHandle;
     const ConnectionHandle mSfConnectionHandle;
 
@@ -106,10 +111,13 @@
     Offsets mOffsets GUARDED_BY(mMutex){mOffsetsConfig.late};
 
     std::atomic<Scheduler::TransactionStart> mTransactionStart =
-            Scheduler::TransactionStart::NORMAL;
+            Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal;
     std::atomic<bool> mRefreshRateChangePending = false;
+    std::atomic<bool> mExplicitEarlyWakeup = false;
     std::atomic<int> mRemainingEarlyFrameCount = 0;
     std::atomic<int> mRemainingRenderEngineUsageCount = 0;
+    std::atomic<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> mEarlyTxnStartTime = {};
+    std::atomic<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> mTxnAppliedTime = {};
 
     bool mTraceDetailedInfo = false;
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
index 16d102c..c743de0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncReactor.cpp
@@ -278,7 +278,9 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (mSupportKernelIdleTimer) {
+    const bool periodIsChanging =
+            mPeriodTransitioningTo && (*mPeriodTransitioningTo != getPeriod());
+    if (mSupportKernelIdleTimer && !periodIsChanging) {
         // Clear out the Composer-provided period and use the allowance logic below
         HwcVsyncPeriod = {};
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 51cf77e..e68c484 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@
 
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/configuration.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.0/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.1/ISurfaceFlingerConfigs.h>
 #include <android/hardware/configstore/1.1/types.h>
-#include <android/hardware/power/1.0/IPower.h>
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
 #include <android/native_window.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@
 using namespace android::hardware::configstore::V1_0;
 using namespace android::sysprop;
 
-using android::hardware::power::V1_0::PowerHint;
+using android::hardware::power::Boost;
 using base::StringAppendF;
 using ui::ColorMode;
 using ui::Dataspace;
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@
 const String16 sAccessSurfaceFlinger("android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER");
 const String16 sReadFramebuffer("android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER");
 const String16 sDump("android.permission.DUMP");
-const char* KERNEL_IDLE_TIMER_PROP = "vendor.display.enable_kernel_idle_timer";
+const char* KERNEL_IDLE_TIMER_PROP = "graphics.display.kernel_idle_timer.enabled";
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 int64_t SurfaceFlinger::dispSyncPresentTimeOffset;
@@ -422,6 +423,10 @@
     const size_t defaultListSize = ISurfaceComposer::MAX_LAYERS;
     auto listSize = property_get_int32("debug.sf.max_igbp_list_size", int32_t(defaultListSize));
     mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize = (listSize > 0) ? size_t(listSize) : defaultListSize;
+    mGraphicBufferProducerListSizeLogThreshold =
+            std::max(static_cast<int>(0.95 *
+                                      static_cast<double>(mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize)),
+                     1);
 
     property_get("debug.sf.luma_sampling", value, "1");
     mLumaSampling = atoi(value);
@@ -444,6 +449,9 @@
     }
 
     useFrameRateApi = use_frame_rate_api(true);
+
+    mKernelIdleTimerEnabled = mSupportKernelIdleTimer = sysprop::support_kernel_idle_timer(false);
+    base::SetProperty(KERNEL_IDLE_TIMER_PROP, mKernelIdleTimerEnabled ? "true" : "false");
 }
 
 SurfaceFlinger::~SurfaceFlinger() = default;
@@ -867,7 +875,7 @@
     info->density /= ACONFIGURATION_DENSITY_MEDIUM;
 
     info->secure = display->isSecure();
-    info->deviceProductInfo = getDeviceProductInfoLocked(*display);
+    info->deviceProductInfo = display->getDeviceProductInfo();
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -1077,8 +1085,8 @@
         const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod =
                 mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromConfigId(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId)
                         .getVsyncPeriod();
-        mScheduler->onConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
-                                    mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId, vsyncPeriod);
+        mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
+                                                  mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId, vsyncPeriod);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1334,30 +1342,6 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> SurfaceFlinger::getDeviceProductInfoLocked(
-        const DisplayDevice& display) const {
-    // TODO(b/149075047): Populate DeviceProductInfo on hotplug and store it in DisplayDevice to
-    // avoid repetitive HAL IPC and EDID parsing.
-    const auto displayId = display.getId();
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
-
-    const auto hwcDisplayId = getHwComposer().fromPhysicalDisplayId(*displayId);
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(!hwcDisplayId);
-
-    uint8_t port;
-    DisplayIdentificationData data;
-    if (!getHwComposer().getDisplayIdentificationData(*hwcDisplayId, &port, &data)) {
-        ALOGV("%s: No identification data.", __FUNCTION__);
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    const auto info = parseDisplayIdentificationData(port, data);
-    if (!info) {
-        return {};
-    }
-    return info->deviceProductInfo;
-}
-
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
                                                                ui::PixelFormat* outFormat,
                                                                ui::Dataspace* outDataspace,
@@ -1525,10 +1509,10 @@
             .get();
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId) {
-    PowerHint powerHint = static_cast<PowerHint>(hintId);
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId) {
+    Boost powerBoost = static_cast<Boost>(boostId);
 
-    if (powerHint == PowerHint::INTERACTION) {
+    if (powerBoost == Boost::INTERACTION) {
         mScheduler->notifyTouchEvent();
     }
 
@@ -1690,7 +1674,7 @@
     if (const auto displayId = getInternalDisplayIdLocked()) {
         sp<DisplayDevice> display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
         if (display && display->isPoweredOn()) {
-            setVsyncEnabledInHWC(*displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
+            getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(*displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2017,8 +2001,9 @@
 
     bool flushedATransaction = flushTransactionQueues();
 
-    bool runHandleTransaction = transactionFlags &&
-            ((transactionFlags != eTransactionFlushNeeded) || flushedATransaction);
+    bool runHandleTransaction =
+            (transactionFlags && (transactionFlags != eTransactionFlushNeeded)) ||
+            flushedATransaction;
 
     if (runHandleTransaction) {
         handleTransaction(eTransactionMask);
@@ -2441,8 +2426,10 @@
                 }
 
                 DisplayDeviceState state;
-                state.physical = {displayId, getHwComposer().getDisplayConnectionType(displayId),
-                                  event.hwcDisplayId};
+                state.physical = {.id = displayId,
+                                  .type = getHwComposer().getDisplayConnectionType(displayId),
+                                  .hwcDisplayId = event.hwcDisplayId,
+                                  .deviceProductInfo = info->deviceProductInfo};
                 state.isSecure = true; // All physical displays are currently considered secure.
                 state.displayName = info->name;
 
@@ -2558,6 +2545,7 @@
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
         auto activeConfigId = HwcConfigIndexType(getHwComposer().getActiveConfigIndex(*displayId));
         display->setActiveConfig(activeConfigId);
+        display->setDeviceProductInfo(state.physical->deviceProductInfo);
     }
 
     display->setLayerStack(state.layerStack);
@@ -2764,7 +2752,8 @@
      * (perform the transaction for each of them if needed)
      */
 
-    if ((transactionFlags & eTraversalNeeded) || mTraversalNeededMainThread) {
+    if ((transactionFlags & eTraversalNeeded) || mForceTraversal) {
+        mForceTraversal = false;
         mCurrentState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) {
             uint32_t trFlags = layer->getTransactionFlags(eTransactionNeeded);
             if (!trFlags) return;
@@ -2777,7 +2766,6 @@
                 mInputInfoChanged = true;
             }
         });
-        mTraversalNeededMainThread = false;
     }
 
     /*
@@ -2995,8 +2983,8 @@
     // anyway since there are no connected apps at this point.
     const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod =
             mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromConfigId(currentConfig).getVsyncPeriod();
-    mScheduler->onConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, primaryDisplayId.value, currentConfig,
-                                vsyncPeriod);
+    mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, primaryDisplayId.value,
+                                              currentConfig, vsyncPeriod);
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::commitTransaction()
@@ -3201,6 +3189,11 @@
                                 "Suspected IGBP leak: %zu IGBPs (%zu max), %zu Layers",
                                 mGraphicBufferProducerList.size(),
                                 mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize, mNumLayers.load());
+            if (mGraphicBufferProducerList.size() > mGraphicBufferProducerListSizeLogThreshold) {
+                ALOGW("Suspected IGBP leak: %zu IGBPs (%zu max), %zu Layers",
+                      mGraphicBufferProducerList.size(), mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize,
+                      mNumLayers.load());
+            }
         }
 
         if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
@@ -3235,7 +3228,7 @@
 }
 
 uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags) {
-    return setTransactionFlags(flags, Scheduler::TransactionStart::NORMAL);
+    return setTransactionFlags(flags, Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal);
 }
 
 uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags,
@@ -3248,8 +3241,8 @@
     return old;
 }
 
-uint32_t SurfaceFlinger::setTransactionFlagsNoWake(uint32_t flags) {
-    return mTransactionFlags.fetch_or(flags);
+void SurfaceFlinger::setTraversalNeeded() {
+    mForceTraversal = true;
 }
 
 bool SurfaceFlinger::flushTransactionQueues() {
@@ -3449,18 +3442,39 @@
     // so we don't have to wake up again next frame to preform an uneeded traversal.
     if (isMainThread && (transactionFlags & eTraversalNeeded)) {
         transactionFlags = transactionFlags & (~eTraversalNeeded);
-        mTraversalNeededMainThread = true;
+        mForceTraversal = true;
     }
 
+    const auto transactionStart = [](uint32_t flags) {
+        if (flags & eEarlyWakeup) {
+            return Scheduler::TransactionStart::Early;
+        }
+        if (flags & eExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd) {
+            return Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd;
+        }
+        if (flags & eExplicitEarlyWakeupStart) {
+            return Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart;
+        }
+        return Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal;
+    }(flags);
+
     if (transactionFlags) {
         if (mInterceptor->isEnabled()) {
             mInterceptor->saveTransaction(states, mCurrentState.displays, displays, flags);
         }
 
+        // TODO(b/159125966): Remove eEarlyWakeup completly as no client should use this flag
+        if (flags & eEarlyWakeup) {
+            ALOGW("eEarlyWakeup is deprecated. Use eExplicitEarlyWakeup[Start|End]");
+        }
+
+        if (!privileged && (flags & (eExplicitEarlyWakeupStart | eExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd))) {
+            ALOGE("Only WindowManager is allowed to use eExplicitEarlyWakeup[Start|End] flags");
+            flags &= ~(eExplicitEarlyWakeupStart | eExplicitEarlyWakeupEnd);
+        }
+
         // this triggers the transaction
-        const auto start = (flags & eEarlyWakeup) ? Scheduler::TransactionStart::EARLY
-                                                  : Scheduler::TransactionStart::NORMAL;
-        setTransactionFlags(transactionFlags, start);
+        setTransactionFlags(transactionFlags, transactionStart);
 
         if (flags & eAnimation) {
             mAnimTransactionPending = true;
@@ -3497,6 +3511,13 @@
                 break;
             }
         }
+    } else {
+        // even if a transaction is not needed, we need to update VsyncModulator
+        // about explicit early indications
+        if (transactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart ||
+            transactionStart == Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd) {
+            mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(transactionStart);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -4172,13 +4193,6 @@
     static_cast<void>(schedule([this]() MAIN_THREAD { onInitializeDisplays(); }));
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::setVsyncEnabledInHWC(DisplayId displayId, hal::Vsync enabled) {
-    if (mHWCVsyncState != enabled) {
-        getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(displayId, enabled);
-        mHWCVsyncState = enabled;
-    }
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, hal::PowerMode mode) {
     if (display->isVirtual()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Invalid operation on virtual display", __FUNCTION__);
@@ -4207,7 +4221,7 @@
         }
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(*displayId, mode);
         if (display->isPrimary() && mode != hal::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND) {
-            setVsyncEnabledInHWC(*displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
+            getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(*displayId, mHWCVsyncPendingState);
             mScheduler->onScreenAcquired(mAppConnectionHandle);
             mScheduler->resyncToHardwareVsync(true, getVsyncPeriod());
         }
@@ -4226,7 +4240,7 @@
         }
 
         // Make sure HWVsync is disabled before turning off the display
-        setVsyncEnabledInHWC(*displayId, hal::Vsync::DISABLE);
+        getHwComposer().setVsyncEnabled(*displayId, hal::Vsync::DISABLE);
 
         getHwComposer().setPowerMode(*displayId, mode);
         mVisibleRegionsDirty = true;
@@ -4705,7 +4719,7 @@
         StringAppendF(&result, "Composition layers\n");
         mDrawingState.traverseInZOrder([&](Layer* layer) {
             auto* compositionState = layer->getCompositionState();
-            if (!compositionState) return;
+            if (!compositionState || !compositionState->isVisible) return;
 
             android::base::StringAppendF(&result, "* Layer %p (%s)\n", layer,
                                          layer->getDebugName() ? layer->getDebugName()
@@ -4869,7 +4883,7 @@
         case GET_DISPLAYED_CONTENT_SAMPLING_ATTRIBUTES:
         case SET_DISPLAY_CONTENT_SAMPLING_ENABLED:
         case GET_DISPLAYED_CONTENT_SAMPLE:
-        case NOTIFY_POWER_HINT:
+        case NOTIFY_POWER_BOOST:
         case SET_GLOBAL_SHADOW_SETTINGS:
         case ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN: {
             // ACQUIRE_FRAME_RATE_FLEXIBILITY_TOKEN is used by CTS tests, which acquire the
@@ -5333,8 +5347,7 @@
         const auto& min = mRefreshRateConfigs->getMinRefreshRate();
 
         if (current != min) {
-            const auto kernelTimerEnabled = property_get_bool(KERNEL_IDLE_TIMER_PROP, false);
-            const bool timerExpired = kernelTimerEnabled && expired;
+            const bool timerExpired = mKernelIdleTimerEnabled && expired;
 
             if (Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock); mRefreshRateOverlay) {
                 mRefreshRateOverlay->changeRefreshRate(timerExpired ? min : current);
@@ -5344,6 +5357,35 @@
     }));
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::toggleKernelIdleTimer() {
+    using KernelIdleTimerAction = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction;
+
+    // If the support for kernel idle timer is disabled in SF code, don't do anything.
+    if (!mSupportKernelIdleTimer) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const KernelIdleTimerAction action = mRefreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction();
+
+    switch (action) {
+        case KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff:
+            if (mKernelIdleTimerEnabled) {
+                ATRACE_INT("KernelIdleTimer", 0);
+                base::SetProperty(KERNEL_IDLE_TIMER_PROP, "false");
+                mKernelIdleTimerEnabled = false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn:
+            if (!mKernelIdleTimerEnabled) {
+                ATRACE_INT("KernelIdleTimer", 1);
+                base::SetProperty(KERNEL_IDLE_TIMER_PROP, "true");
+                mKernelIdleTimerEnabled = true;
+            }
+            break;
+        case KernelIdleTimerAction::NoChange:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
 // A simple RAII class to disconnect from an ANativeWindow* when it goes out of scope
 class WindowDisconnector {
 public:
@@ -5373,27 +5415,33 @@
         renderAreaRotation = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
     }
 
-    sp<DisplayDevice> display;
+    wp<DisplayDevice> displayWeak;
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack;
+    ui::Size reqSize(reqWidth, reqHeight);
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-
-        display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken);
+        sp<DisplayDevice> display = getDisplayDeviceLocked(displayToken);
         if (!display) return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+        displayWeak = display;
+        layerStack = display->getLayerStack();
 
         // set the requested width/height to the logical display viewport size
         // by default
         if (reqWidth == 0 || reqHeight == 0) {
-            reqWidth = uint32_t(display->getViewport().width());
-            reqHeight = uint32_t(display->getViewport().height());
+            reqSize = display->getViewport().getSize();
         }
     }
 
-    DisplayRenderArea renderArea(display, sourceCrop, reqWidth, reqHeight, reqDataspace,
-                                 renderAreaRotation, captureSecureLayers);
-    auto traverseLayers = std::bind(&SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInDisplay, this, display,
-                                    std::placeholders::_1);
-    return captureScreenCommon(renderArea, traverseLayers, outBuffer, reqPixelFormat,
-                               useIdentityTransform, outCapturedSecureLayers);
+    RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = promise::defer([=] {
+        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, sourceCrop, reqSize, reqDataspace,
+                                         renderAreaRotation, captureSecureLayers);
+    });
+
+    auto traverseLayers = [this, layerStack](const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
+        traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, visitor);
+    };
+    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, reqSize, outBuffer,
+                               reqPixelFormat, useIdentityTransform, outCapturedSecureLayers);
 }
 
 static Dataspace pickDataspaceFromColorMode(const ColorMode colorMode) {
@@ -5449,19 +5497,20 @@
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreen(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack, Dataspace* outDataspace,
                                        sp<GraphicBuffer>* outBuffer) {
-    sp<DisplayDevice> display;
-    uint32_t width;
-    uint32_t height;
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack;
+    wp<DisplayDevice> displayWeak;
+    ui::Size size;
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags captureOrientation;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        display = getDisplayByIdOrLayerStack(displayOrLayerStack);
+        sp<DisplayDevice> display = getDisplayByIdOrLayerStack(displayOrLayerStack);
         if (!display) {
             return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
+        layerStack = display->getLayerStack();
+        displayWeak = display;
 
-        width = uint32_t(display->getViewport().width());
-        height = uint32_t(display->getViewport().height());
+        size = display->getViewport().getSize();
 
         const auto orientation = display->getOrientation();
         captureOrientation = ui::Transform::toRotationFlags(orientation);
@@ -5487,14 +5536,19 @@
                 pickDataspaceFromColorMode(display->getCompositionDisplay()->getState().colorMode);
     }
 
-    DisplayRenderArea renderArea(display, Rect(), width, height, *outDataspace, captureOrientation,
-                                 false /* captureSecureLayers */);
+    RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = promise::defer([=] {
+        return DisplayRenderArea::create(displayWeak, Rect(), size, *outDataspace,
+                                         captureOrientation, false /* captureSecureLayers */);
+    });
 
-    auto traverseLayers = std::bind(&SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInDisplay, this, display,
-                                    std::placeholders::_1);
+    auto traverseLayers = [this, layerStack](const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
+        traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, visitor);
+    };
+
     bool ignored = false;
-    return captureScreenCommon(renderArea, traverseLayers, outBuffer, ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
-                               false /* useIdentityTransform */,
+
+    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, size, outBuffer,
+                               ui::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, false /* useIdentityTransform */,
                                ignored /* outCapturedSecureLayers */);
 }
 
@@ -5508,9 +5562,9 @@
     class LayerRenderArea : public RenderArea {
     public:
         LayerRenderArea(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, const sp<Layer>& layer, const Rect crop,
-                        int32_t reqWidth, int32_t reqHeight, Dataspace reqDataSpace,
-                        bool childrenOnly, const Rect& displayViewport)
-              : RenderArea(reqWidth, reqHeight, CaptureFill::CLEAR, reqDataSpace, displayViewport),
+                        ui::Size reqSize, Dataspace reqDataSpace, bool childrenOnly,
+                        const Rect& displayViewport)
+              : RenderArea(reqSize, CaptureFill::CLEAR, reqDataSpace, displayViewport),
                 mLayer(layer),
                 mCrop(crop),
                 mNeedsFiltering(false),
@@ -5585,8 +5639,7 @@
         const bool mChildrenOnly;
     };
 
-    int reqWidth = 0;
-    int reqHeight = 0;
+    ui::Size reqSize;
     sp<Layer> parent;
     Rect crop(sourceCrop);
     std::unordered_set<sp<Layer>, ISurfaceComposer::SpHash<Layer>> excludeLayers;
@@ -5623,8 +5676,7 @@
             // crop was not specified, or an invalid frame scale was provided.
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        reqWidth = crop.width() * frameScale;
-        reqHeight = crop.height() * frameScale;
+        reqSize = ui::Size(crop.width() * frameScale, crop.height() * frameScale);
 
         for (const auto& handle : excludeHandles) {
             sp<Layer> excludeLayer = fromHandleLocked(handle).promote();
@@ -5645,15 +5697,18 @@
     } // mStateLock
 
     // really small crop or frameScale
-    if (reqWidth <= 0) {
-        reqWidth = 1;
+    if (reqSize.width <= 0) {
+        reqSize.width = 1;
     }
-    if (reqHeight <= 0) {
-        reqHeight = 1;
+    if (reqSize.height <= 0) {
+        reqSize.height = 1;
     }
 
-    LayerRenderArea renderArea(this, parent, crop, reqWidth, reqHeight, reqDataspace, childrenOnly,
-                               displayViewport);
+    RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture = promise::defer([=]() -> std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> {
+        return std::make_unique<LayerRenderArea>(this, parent, crop, reqSize, reqDataspace,
+                                                 childrenOnly, displayViewport);
+    });
+
     auto traverseLayers = [parent, childrenOnly,
                            &excludeLayers](const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
         parent->traverseChildrenInZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing, [&](Layer* layer) {
@@ -5676,14 +5731,14 @@
     };
 
     bool outCapturedSecureLayers = false;
-    return captureScreenCommon(renderArea, traverseLayers, outBuffer, reqPixelFormat, false,
-                               outCapturedSecureLayers);
+    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, reqSize, outBuffer,
+                               reqPixelFormat, false, outCapturedSecureLayers);
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderArea& renderArea,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture,
                                              TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                             sp<GraphicBuffer>* outBuffer,
-                                             const ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat,
+                                             ui::Size bufferSize, sp<GraphicBuffer>* outBuffer,
+                                             ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat,
                                              bool useIdentityTransform,
                                              bool& outCapturedSecureLayers) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -5691,16 +5746,16 @@
     // TODO(b/116112787) Make buffer usage a parameter.
     const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN |
             GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE;
-    *outBuffer =
-            getFactory().createGraphicBuffer(renderArea.getReqWidth(), renderArea.getReqHeight(),
-                                             static_cast<android_pixel_format>(reqPixelFormat), 1,
-                                             usage, "screenshot");
+    *outBuffer = getFactory().createGraphicBuffer(bufferSize.getWidth(), bufferSize.getHeight(),
+                                                  static_cast<android_pixel_format>(reqPixelFormat),
+                                                  1, usage, "screenshot");
 
-    return captureScreenCommon(renderArea, traverseLayers, *outBuffer, useIdentityTransform,
-                               false /* regionSampling */, outCapturedSecureLayers);
+    return captureScreenCommon(std::move(renderAreaFuture), traverseLayers, *outBuffer,
+                               useIdentityTransform, false /* regionSampling */,
+                               outCapturedSecureLayers);
 }
 
-status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderArea& renderArea,
+status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture renderAreaFuture,
                                              TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
                                              const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
                                              bool useIdentityTransform, bool regionSampling,
@@ -5713,23 +5768,28 @@
 
     do {
         std::tie(result, syncFd) =
-                schedule([&] {
+                schedule([&]() -> std::pair<status_t, int> {
                     if (mRefreshPending) {
-                        ATRACE_NAME("Skipping screenshot for now");
-                        return std::make_pair(EAGAIN, -1);
+                        ALOGW("Skipping screenshot for now");
+                        return {EAGAIN, -1};
+                    }
+                    std::unique_ptr<RenderArea> renderArea = renderAreaFuture.get();
+                    if (!renderArea) {
+                        ALOGW("Skipping screen capture because of invalid render area.");
+                        return {NO_MEMORY, -1};
                     }
 
                     status_t result = NO_ERROR;
                     int fd = -1;
 
                     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-                    renderArea.render([&] {
-                        result = captureScreenImplLocked(renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer.get(),
+                    renderArea->render([&] {
+                        result = captureScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer.get(),
                                                          useIdentityTransform, forSystem, &fd,
                                                          regionSampling, outCapturedSecureLayers);
                     });
 
-                    return std::make_pair(result, fd);
+                    return {result, fd};
                 }).get();
     } while (result == EAGAIN);
 
@@ -5743,8 +5803,9 @@
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
                                             TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                            ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
-                                            bool regionSampling, int* outSyncFd) {
+                                            const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
+                                            bool useIdentityTransform, bool regionSampling,
+                                            int* outSyncFd) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     const auto reqWidth = renderArea.getReqWidth();
@@ -5842,7 +5903,7 @@
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::captureScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
                                                  TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                                 ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                 const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer,
                                                  bool useIdentityTransform, bool forSystem,
                                                  int* outSyncFd, bool regionSampling,
                                                  bool& outCapturedSecureLayers) {
@@ -5887,17 +5948,17 @@
     layersSortedByZ.traverseInReverseZOrder(stateSet, visitor);
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInDisplay(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display,
-                                             const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
+void SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInLayerStack(ui::LayerStack layerStack,
+                                                const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
     // We loop through the first level of layers without traversing,
     // as we need to determine which layers belong to the requested display.
     for (const auto& layer : mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ) {
-        if (!layer->belongsToDisplay(display->getLayerStack(), false)) {
+        if (!layer->belongsToDisplay(layerStack, false)) {
             continue;
         }
         // relative layers are traversed in Layer::traverseInZOrder
         layer->traverseInZOrder(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing, [&](Layer* layer) {
-            if (!layer->belongsToDisplay(display->getLayerStack(), false)) {
+            if (!layer->belongsToDisplay(layerStack, false)) {
                 return;
             }
             if (!layer->isVisible()) {
@@ -5943,8 +6004,8 @@
         const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = getHwComposer()
                                             .getConfigs(*displayId)[policy->defaultConfig.value()]
                                             ->getVsyncPeriod();
-        mScheduler->onConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
-                                    policy->defaultConfig, vsyncPeriod);
+        mScheduler->onNonPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
+                                                     policy->defaultConfig, vsyncPeriod);
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -5970,14 +6031,14 @@
           currentPolicy.primaryRange.max, currentPolicy.appRequestRange.min,
           currentPolicy.appRequestRange.max);
 
-    // TODO(b/140204874): This hack triggers a notification that something has changed, so
-    // that listeners that care about a change in allowed configs can get the notification.
-    // Giving current ActiveConfig so that most other listeners would just drop the event
+    // TODO(b/140204874): Leave the event in until we do proper testing with all apps that might
+    // be depending in this callback.
     const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod =
             mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromConfigId(display->getActiveConfig())
                     .getVsyncPeriod();
-    mScheduler->onConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
-                                display->getActiveConfig(), vsyncPeriod);
+    mScheduler->onPrimaryDisplayConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
+                                              display->getActiveConfig(), vsyncPeriod);
+    toggleKernelIdleTimer();
 
     auto configId = mScheduler->getPreferredConfigId();
     auto& preferredRefreshRate = configId
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index e7bfdc7..6a3937f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -302,7 +302,6 @@
 
     // main thread function to enable/disable h/w composer event
     void setPrimaryVsyncEnabledInternal(bool enabled) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-    void setVsyncEnabledInHWC(DisplayId displayId, hal::Vsync enabled);
 
     // called on the main thread by MessageQueue when an internal message
     // is received
@@ -499,7 +498,7 @@
     status_t getDisplayBrightnessSupport(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
                                          bool* outSupport) const override;
     status_t setDisplayBrightness(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, float brightness) override;
-    status_t notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId) override;
+    status_t notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId) override;
     status_t setGlobalShadowSettings(const half4& ambientColor, const half4& spotColor,
                                      float lightPosY, float lightPosZ, float lightRadius) override;
     status_t setFrameRate(const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& surface, float frameRate,
@@ -536,6 +535,13 @@
     void repaintEverythingForHWC() override;
     // Called when kernel idle timer has expired. Used to update the refresh rate overlay.
     void kernelTimerChanged(bool expired) override;
+    // Toggles the kernel idle timer on or off depending the policy decisions around refresh rates.
+    void toggleKernelIdleTimer();
+    // Keeps track of whether the kernel idle timer is currently enabled, so we don't have to
+    // make calls to sys prop each time.
+    bool mKernelIdleTimerEnabled = false;
+    // Keeps track of whether the kernel timer is supported on the SF side.
+    bool mSupportKernelIdleTimer = false;
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Message handling
      */
@@ -628,12 +634,12 @@
     uint32_t peekTransactionFlags();
     // Can only be called from the main thread or with mStateLock held
     uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags);
-    // Set the transaction flags, but don't trigger a wakeup! We use this cases where
-    // there are still pending transactions but we know they won't be ready until a frame
+    // Indicate SF should call doTraversal on layers, but don't trigger a wakeup! We use this cases
+    // where there are still pending transactions but we know they won't be ready until a frame
     // arrives from a different layer. So we need to ensure we performTransaction from invalidate
     // but there is no need to try and wake up immediately to do it. Rather we rely on
-    // onFrameAvailable to wake us up.
-    uint32_t setTransactionFlagsNoWake(uint32_t flags);
+    // onFrameAvailable or another layer update to wake us up.
+    void setTraversalNeeded();
     uint32_t setTransactionFlags(uint32_t flags, Scheduler::TransactionStart transactionStart);
     void commitTransaction() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void commitOffscreenLayers();
@@ -712,25 +718,25 @@
     void startBootAnim();
 
     using TraverseLayersFunction = std::function<void(const LayerVector::Visitor&)>;
+    using RenderAreaFuture = std::future<std::unique_ptr<RenderArea>>;
 
     void renderScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
+                                const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
                                 bool regionSampling, int* outSyncFd);
-    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderArea& renderArea, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                 sp<GraphicBuffer>* outBuffer, const ui::PixelFormat reqPixelFormat,
+    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, ui::Size bufferSize,
+                                 sp<GraphicBuffer>* outBuffer, ui::PixelFormat,
                                  bool useIdentityTransform, bool& outCapturedSecureLayers);
-    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderArea& renderArea, TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                 const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
-                                 bool regionSampling, bool& outCapturedSecureLayers);
+    status_t captureScreenCommon(RenderAreaFuture, TraverseLayersFunction, const sp<GraphicBuffer>&,
+                                 bool useIdentityTransform, bool regionSampling,
+                                 bool& outCapturedSecureLayers);
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayByIdOrLayerStack(uint64_t displayOrLayerStack) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     sp<DisplayDevice> getDisplayByLayerStack(uint64_t layerStack) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     status_t captureScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
                                      TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                     ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
+                                     const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
                                      bool forSystem, int* outSyncFd, bool regionSampling,
                                      bool& outCapturedSecureLayers);
-    void traverseLayersInDisplay(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display,
-                                 const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor);
+    void traverseLayersInLayerStack(ui::LayerStack, const LayerVector::Visitor&);
 
     sp<StartPropertySetThread> mStartPropertySetThread;
 
@@ -777,8 +783,6 @@
         return getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
     }
 
-    std::optional<DeviceProductInfo> getDeviceProductInfoLocked(const DisplayDevice&) const;
-
     // mark a region of a layer stack dirty. this updates the dirty
     // region of all screens presenting this layer stack.
     void invalidateLayerStack(const sp<const Layer>& layer, const Region& dirty);
@@ -1001,7 +1005,7 @@
     bool mTransactionPending = false;
     bool mAnimTransactionPending = false;
     SortedVector<sp<Layer>> mLayersPendingRemoval;
-    bool mTraversalNeededMainThread = false;
+    bool mForceTraversal = false;
 
     // global color transform states
     Daltonizer mDaltonizer;
@@ -1011,6 +1015,10 @@
     // Can't be unordered_set because wp<> isn't hashable
     std::set<wp<IBinder>> mGraphicBufferProducerList;
     size_t mMaxGraphicBufferProducerListSize = ISurfaceComposer::MAX_LAYERS;
+    // If there are more GraphicBufferProducers tracked by SurfaceFlinger than
+    // this threshold, then begin logging.
+    size_t mGraphicBufferProducerListSizeLogThreshold =
+            static_cast<size_t>(0.95 * static_cast<double>(MAX_LAYERS));
 
     void removeGraphicBufferProducerAsync(const wp<IBinder>&);
 
@@ -1209,6 +1217,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
 
     std::atomic<nsecs_t> mExpectedPresentTime = 0;
+    hal::Vsync mHWCVsyncPendingState = hal::Vsync::DISABLE;
 
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Generic Layer Metadata
@@ -1279,10 +1288,6 @@
     // be any issues with a raw pointer referencing an invalid object.
     std::unordered_set<Layer*> mOffscreenLayers;
 
-    // Flags to capture the state of Vsync in HWC
-    hal::Vsync mHWCVsyncState = hal::Vsync::DISABLE;
-    hal::Vsync mHWCVsyncPendingState = hal::Vsync::DISABLE;
-
     // Fields tracking the current jank event: when it started and how many
     // janky frames there are.
     nsecs_t mMissedFrameJankStart = 0;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp
index c90b1b8..894ee6d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TimeStats/timestatsproto/TimeStatsHelper.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@
     StringAppendF(&result, "badDesiredPresentFrames = %d\n", badDesiredPresentFrames);
     const auto iter = deltas.find("present2present");
     if (iter != deltas.end()) {
-        StringAppendF(&result, "averageFPS = %.3f\n", 1000.0 / iter->second.averageTime());
+        const float averageTime = iter->second.averageTime();
+        const float averageFPS = averageTime < 1.0f ? 0.0f : 1000.0f / averageTime;
+        StringAppendF(&result, "averageFPS = %.3f\n", averageFPS);
     }
     for (const auto& ele : deltas) {
         StringAppendF(&result, "%s histogram is as below:\n", ele.first.c_str());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCompletedThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCompletedThread.cpp
index 0cdff8f..ca24493 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCompletedThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/TransactionCompletedThread.cpp
@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@
 
 status_t TransactionCompletedThread::finalizePendingCallbackHandles(
         const std::deque<sp<CallbackHandle>>& handles) {
+    if (handles.empty()) {
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (!mRunning) {
         ALOGE("cannot add presented callback handle because the callback thread isn't running");
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 7574ff1..3c4a791 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
         "StrongTypingTest.cpp",
         "VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp",
         "VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp",
+        "VSyncModulatorTest.cpp",
         "VSyncPredictorTest.cpp",
         "VSyncReactorTest.cpp",
         "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 32d722e..456891e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -233,23 +233,22 @@
     constexpr bool forSystem = true;
     constexpr bool regionSampling = false;
 
-    DisplayRenderArea renderArea(mDisplay, sourceCrop, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH,
-                                 DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT, ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB,
-                                 ui::Transform::ROT_0);
+    auto renderArea = DisplayRenderArea::create(mDisplay, sourceCrop, sourceCrop.getSize(),
+                                                ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, ui::Transform::ROT_0);
 
     auto traverseLayers = [this](const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-        return mFlinger.traverseLayersInDisplay(mDisplay, visitor);
+        return mFlinger.traverseLayersInLayerStack(mDisplay->getLayerStack(), visitor);
     };
 
     // TODO: Eliminate expensive/real allocation if possible.
     const uint32_t usage = GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN |
             GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE;
-    mCaptureScreenBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(renderArea.getReqWidth(), renderArea.getReqHeight(),
+    mCaptureScreenBuffer = new GraphicBuffer(renderArea->getReqWidth(), renderArea->getReqHeight(),
                                              HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1, usage, "screenshot");
 
     int fd = -1;
     status_t result =
-            mFlinger.captureScreenImplLocked(renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer.get(),
+            mFlinger.captureScreenImplLocked(*renderArea, traverseLayers, mCaptureScreenBuffer.get(),
                                              useIdentityTransform, forSystem, &fd, regionSampling);
     if (fd >= 0) {
         close(fd);
@@ -348,7 +347,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillRepeatedly([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                                    const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
-                                   ANativeWindowBuffer*, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
                                    base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
@@ -397,7 +396,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillRepeatedly([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                                    const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>&,
-                                   ANativeWindowBuffer*, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                                   const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
                                    base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
@@ -648,7 +647,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             ANativeWindowBuffer*, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                             const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
                              base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
@@ -697,7 +696,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             ANativeWindowBuffer*, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                             const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
                              base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
@@ -775,7 +774,7 @@
         EXPECT_CALL(*test->mRenderEngine, drawLayers)
                 .WillOnce([](const renderengine::DisplaySettings& displaySettings,
                              const std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*>& layerSettings,
-                             ANativeWindowBuffer*, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
+                             const sp<GraphicBuffer>&, const bool, base::unique_fd&&,
                              base::unique_fd*) -> status_t {
                     EXPECT_EQ(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_MAX_LUMINANCE, displaySettings.maxLuminance);
                     EXPECT_EQ(Rect(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayIdentificationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayIdentificationTest.cpp
index 2a0e913..cc6a60c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayIdentificationTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayIdentificationTest.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayIdentification.h"
 
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
@@ -312,86 +314,85 @@
     using ManufactureYear = DeviceProductInfo::ManufactureYear;
     using ManufactureWeekAndYear = DeviceProductInfo::ManufactureWeekAndYear;
     using ModelYear = DeviceProductInfo::ModelYear;
-    using RelativeAddress = DeviceProductInfo::RelativeAddress;
 
     {
         const auto displayIdInfo = parseDisplayIdentificationData(0, getInternalEdid());
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo);
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo);
         const auto& info = *displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo;
-        EXPECT_STREQ("", info.name.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("", info.name);
         EXPECT_STREQ("SEC", info.manufacturerPnpId.data());
-        EXPECT_STREQ("12610", info.productId.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("12610", info.productId);
         ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<ManufactureYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate));
         EXPECT_EQ(2011, std::get<ManufactureYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate).year);
-        EXPECT_EQ(DeviceProductInfo::NO_RELATIVE_ADDRESS, info.relativeAddress);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(info.relativeAddress.empty());
     }
     {
         const auto displayIdInfo = parseDisplayIdentificationData(0, getExternalEdid());
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo);
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo);
         const auto& info = *displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo;
-        EXPECT_STREQ("HP ZR30w", info.name.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("HP ZR30w", info.name);
         EXPECT_STREQ("HWP", info.manufacturerPnpId.data());
-        EXPECT_STREQ("10348", info.productId.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("10348", info.productId);
         ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<ManufactureWeekAndYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate));
         const auto& date = std::get<ManufactureWeekAndYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate);
         EXPECT_EQ(2012, date.year);
         EXPECT_EQ(2, date.week);
-        EXPECT_EQ(DeviceProductInfo::NO_RELATIVE_ADDRESS, info.relativeAddress);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(info.relativeAddress.empty());
     }
     {
         const auto displayIdInfo = parseDisplayIdentificationData(0, getExternalEedid());
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo);
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo);
         const auto& info = *displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo;
-        EXPECT_STREQ("SAMSUNG", info.name.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("SAMSUNG", info.name);
         EXPECT_STREQ("SAM", info.manufacturerPnpId.data());
-        EXPECT_STREQ("2302", info.productId.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("2302", info.productId);
         ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<ManufactureWeekAndYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate));
         const auto& date = std::get<ManufactureWeekAndYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate);
         EXPECT_EQ(2011, date.year);
         EXPECT_EQ(41, date.week);
-        EXPECT_EQ((RelativeAddress{{2, 0, 0, 0}}), info.relativeAddress);
+        EXPECT_THAT(info.relativeAddress, ElementsAre(2, 0, 0, 0));
     }
     {
         const auto displayIdInfo = parseDisplayIdentificationData(0, getPanasonicTvEdid());
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo);
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo);
         const auto& info = *displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo;
-        EXPECT_STREQ("Panasonic-TV", info.name.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("Panasonic-TV", info.name);
         EXPECT_STREQ("MEI", info.manufacturerPnpId.data());
-        EXPECT_STREQ("41622", info.productId.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("41622", info.productId);
         ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<ManufactureYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate));
         const auto& date = std::get<ManufactureYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate);
         EXPECT_EQ(2019, date.year);
-        EXPECT_EQ((RelativeAddress{{2, 0, 0, 0}}), info.relativeAddress);
+        EXPECT_THAT(info.relativeAddress, ElementsAre(2, 0, 0, 0));
     }
     {
         const auto displayIdInfo = parseDisplayIdentificationData(0, getHisenseTvEdid());
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo);
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo);
         const auto& info = *displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo;
-        EXPECT_STREQ("Hisense", info.name.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("Hisense", info.name);
         EXPECT_STREQ("HEC", info.manufacturerPnpId.data());
-        EXPECT_STREQ("0", info.productId.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("0", info.productId);
         ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<ManufactureWeekAndYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate));
         const auto& date = std::get<ManufactureWeekAndYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate);
         EXPECT_EQ(2019, date.year);
         EXPECT_EQ(18, date.week);
-        EXPECT_EQ((RelativeAddress{{1, 2, 3, 4}}), info.relativeAddress);
+        EXPECT_THAT(info.relativeAddress, ElementsAre(1, 2, 3, 4));
     }
     {
         const auto displayIdInfo = parseDisplayIdentificationData(0, getCtlDisplayEdid());
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo);
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo);
         const auto& info = *displayIdInfo->deviceProductInfo;
-        EXPECT_STREQ("LP2361", info.name.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("LP2361", info.name);
         EXPECT_STREQ("CTL", info.manufacturerPnpId.data());
-        EXPECT_STREQ("9373", info.productId.data());
+        EXPECT_EQ("9373", info.productId);
         ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<ModelYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate));
         EXPECT_EQ(2013, std::get<ModelYear>(info.manufactureOrModelDate).year);
-        EXPECT_EQ(DeviceProductInfo::NO_RELATIVE_ADDRESS, info.relativeAddress);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(info.relativeAddress.empty());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index ce5f35c..9130b04 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include <android/hardware/power/Boost.h>
 #include <compositionengine/Display.h>
 #include <compositionengine/DisplayColorProfile.h>
 #include <compositionengine/impl/Display.h>
@@ -57,6 +58,8 @@
 
 namespace hal = android::hardware::graphics::composer::hal;
 
+using android::hardware::power::Boost;
+
 using testing::_;
 using testing::AnyNumber;
 using testing::DoAll;
@@ -1347,6 +1350,30 @@
 }
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * SurfaceFlinger::notifyPowerBoost
+ */
+
+TEST_F(DisplayTransactionTest, notifyPowerBoostNotifiesTouchEvent) {
+    mFlinger.scheduler()->replaceTouchTimer(100);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(10ms);                  // wait for callback to be triggered
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mFlinger.scheduler()->isTouchActive()); // Starting timer activates touch
+
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(110ms); // wait for reset touch timer to expire and trigger callback
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mFlinger.scheduler()->isTouchActive());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mFlinger.notifyPowerBoost(static_cast<int32_t>(Boost::CAMERA_SHOT)));
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(10ms); // wait for callback to maybe be triggered
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mFlinger.scheduler()->isTouchActive());
+
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(110ms); // wait for reset touch timer to expire and trigger callback
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mFlinger.scheduler()->isTouchActive());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mFlinger.notifyPowerBoost(static_cast<int32_t>(Boost::INTERACTION)));
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(10ms); // wait for callback to be triggered.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mFlinger.scheduler()->isTouchActive());
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * DisplayDevice::GetBestColorMode
  */
 class GetBestColorModeTest : public DisplayTransactionTest {
@@ -1794,7 +1821,7 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayId);
         const auto hwcDisplayId = Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID_OPT::value;
         ASSERT_TRUE(hwcDisplayId);
-        state.physical = {*displayId, *connectionType, *hwcDisplayId};
+        state.physical = {.id = *displayId, .type = *connectionType, .hwcDisplayId = *hwcDisplayId};
     }
 
     state.isSecure = static_cast<bool>(Case::Display::SECURE);
@@ -1970,7 +1997,9 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(displayId);
         const auto hwcDisplayId = Case::Display::HWC_DISPLAY_ID_OPT::value;
         ASSERT_TRUE(hwcDisplayId);
-        expectedPhysical = {*displayId, *connectionType, *hwcDisplayId};
+        expectedPhysical = {.id = *displayId,
+                            .type = *connectionType,
+                            .hwcDisplayId = *hwcDisplayId};
     }
 
     // The display should have been set up in the current display state
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTestV2.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTestV2.cpp
index f376b4a..afd2b71 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTestV2.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/LayerHistoryTestV2.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
     static constexpr auto PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE = LayerInfoV2::HISTORY_SIZE;
     static constexpr auto MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS = LayerInfoV2::MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS;
     static constexpr auto FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE = LayerInfoV2::FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE;
-    static constexpr auto PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_TIME = LayerInfoV2::HISTORY_TIME;
+    static constexpr auto PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_DURATION = LayerInfoV2::HISTORY_DURATION;
+    static constexpr auto REFRESH_RATE_AVERAGE_HISTORY_DURATION =
+            LayerInfoV2::RefreshRateHistory::HISTORY_DURATION;
 
     static constexpr float LO_FPS = 30.f;
     static constexpr auto LO_FPS_PERIOD = static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / LO_FPS);
@@ -84,6 +86,23 @@
         return sp<mock::MockLayer>(new mock::MockLayer(mFlinger.flinger(), std::move(name)));
     }
 
+    void recordFramesAndExpect(const sp<mock::MockLayer>& layer, nsecs_t& time, float frameRate,
+                               float desiredRefreshRate, int numFrames) {
+        const nsecs_t framePeriod = static_cast<nsecs_t>(1e9f / frameRate);
+        impl::LayerHistoryV2::Summary summary;
+        for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
+            history().record(layer.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
+            time += framePeriod;
+
+            summary = history().summarize(time);
+        }
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
+        ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+        ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(desiredRefreshRate, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate)
+                << "Frame rate is " << frameRate;
+    }
+
     Hwc2::mock::Display mDisplay;
     RefreshRateConfigs mConfigs{{HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(mDisplay, 0)
                                          .setVsyncPeriod(int32_t(LO_FPS_PERIOD))
@@ -346,14 +365,17 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
+    impl::LayerHistoryV2::Summary summary;
+
     // layer1 is active but infrequent.
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer1.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += MAX_FREQUENT_LAYER_PERIOD_NS.count();
+        summary = history().summarize(time);
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summary[0].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -361,28 +383,30 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
+        summary = history().summarize(time);
     }
 
     // layer1 is still active but infrequent.
     history().record(layer1.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[1].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Min, summary[0].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
     EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(HI_FPS, history().summarize(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer1 is no longer active.
     // layer2 is frequent and has low refresh rate.
-    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
+        summary = history().summarize(time);
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
@@ -396,33 +420,36 @@
 
         history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
+        summary = history().summarize(time);
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, history().summarize(time)[1].vote);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Max, summary[1].vote);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer3 becomes recently active.
     history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(HI_FPS, history().summarize(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate);
+    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer1 expires.
     layer1.clear();
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[1].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(HI_FPS, history().summarize(time)[1].desiredRefreshRate);
+    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[1].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[1].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -432,37 +459,41 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
         history().record(layer2.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += LO_FPS_PERIOD;
+        summary = history().summarize(time);
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(LO_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer2 expires.
     layer2.clear();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(summary.empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer3 becomes active and has high refresh rate.
-    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE + FREQUENT_LAYER_WINDOW_SIZE + 1; i++) {
         history().record(layer3.get(), time, time, LayerHistory::LayerUpdateType::Buffer);
         time += HI_FPS_PERIOD;
+        summary = history().summarize(time);
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, history().summarize(time).size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, history().summarize(time)[0].vote);
-    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(HI_FPS, history().summarize(time)[0].desiredRefreshRate);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, summary.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(LayerHistory::LayerVoteType::Heuristic, summary[0].vote);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(HI_FPS, summary[0].desiredRefreshRate);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, frequentLayerCount(time));
 
     // layer3 expires.
     layer3.clear();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(history().summarize(time).empty());
+    summary = history().summarize(time);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(summary.empty());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, layerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, activeLayerCount());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, frequentLayerCount(time));
@@ -600,6 +631,46 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(1, animatingLayerCount(time));
 }
 
+TEST_F(LayerHistoryTestV2, heuristicLayer60Hz) {
+    const auto layer = createLayer();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
+
+    nsecs_t time = systemTime();
+    for (float fps = 54.0f; fps < 65.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
+        recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, fps, 60.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerHistoryTestV2, heuristicLayer60_30Hz) {
+    const auto layer = createLayer();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
+
+    nsecs_t time = systemTime();
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60.0f, 60.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60.0f, 60.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 30.0f, 60.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 30.0f, 30.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60.0f, 30.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 60.0f, 60.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LayerHistoryTestV2, heuristicLayerNotOscillating) {
+    const auto layer = createLayer();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, isVisible()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*layer, getFrameRateForLayerTree()).WillRepeatedly(Return(Layer::FrameRate()));
+
+    nsecs_t time = systemTime();
+
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 27.10f, 30.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26.90f, 30.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26.00f, 24.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 26.90f, 24.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+    recordFramesAndExpect(layer, time, 27.10f, 30.0f, PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_SIZE);
+}
+
 class LayerHistoryTestV2Parameterized
       : public LayerHistoryTestV2,
         public testing::WithParamInterface<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {};
@@ -642,7 +713,7 @@
             infrequentLayerUpdates++;
         }
 
-        if (time - startTime > PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_TIME.count()) {
+        if (time - startTime > PRESENT_TIME_HISTORY_DURATION.count()) {
             ASSERT_NE(0, history().summarize(time).size());
             ASSERT_GE(2, history().summarize(time).size());
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
index c919e93..fed591c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,14 @@
     RefreshRateConfigsTest();
     ~RefreshRateConfigsTest();
 
+    float findClosestKnownFrameRate(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs, float frameRate) {
+        return refreshRateConfigs.findClosestKnownFrameRate(frameRate);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<float> getKnownFrameRate(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs) {
+        return refreshRateConfigs.mKnownFrameRates;
+    }
+
     // Test config IDs
     static inline const HwcConfigIndexType HWC_CONFIG_ID_60 = HwcConfigIndexType(0);
     static inline const HwcConfigIndexType HWC_CONFIG_ID_90 = HwcConfigIndexType(1);
@@ -335,7 +343,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_noLayers) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_72_90Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_72);
@@ -344,17 +351,14 @@
     // range.
     auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{};
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/
-                                                     false, /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60, 60}}), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/
-                                                     false, /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_90) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -365,163 +369,134 @@
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.name = "";
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60, 60}}), 0);
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90, 90}}), 0);
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {0, 120}}), 0);
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_60_72_90) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_72_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -531,43 +506,35 @@
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90_120) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -582,28 +549,24 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48.0f;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 48.0f;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_90_120_DifferentTypes) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90_120Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -620,8 +583,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -630,8 +592,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -640,8 +601,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected120Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -650,8 +610,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -660,8 +619,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
@@ -670,8 +628,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
@@ -680,8 +637,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -690,8 +646,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
@@ -700,12 +655,10 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -715,43 +668,35 @@
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_30_60_72_90) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_72_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -762,71 +707,57 @@
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.name = "Min";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.name = "Max";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ true,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     lr.name = "45Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ true,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     lr.name = "30Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected30Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ true,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr.name = "24Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ true,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr.name = "24Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected72Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ true,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_PriorityTest) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m30_60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -839,56 +770,48 @@
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 24.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 15.0f;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 45.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_24FpsVideo) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -900,10 +823,8 @@
     for (float fps = 23.0f; fps < 25.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = fps;
         const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                       /*idle*/ false, &ignored);
-        printf("%.2fHz chooses %s\n", fps, refreshRate.getName().c_str());
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate);
+                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -931,7 +852,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, twoDeviceConfigs_getBestRefreshRate_Explicit) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -946,24 +866,21 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, testInPolicy) {
@@ -975,7 +892,6 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_75HzContent) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -987,15 +903,12 @@
     for (float fps = 75.0f; fps < 100.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
         lr.desiredRefreshRate = fps;
         const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                       /*idle*/ false, &ignored);
-        printf("%.2fHz chooses %s\n", fps, refreshRate.getName().c_str());
-        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRate);
+                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
+        EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config, refreshRate) << fps << "Hz chooses " << refreshRate.getName();
     }
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_Multiples) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -1012,8 +925,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1022,8 +934,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr2.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1031,8 +942,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
@@ -1041,8 +951,7 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 30.0f;
@@ -1050,12 +959,10 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false,
-                                                     /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, scrollWhileWatching60fps_60_90) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -1071,7 +978,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, false, /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1079,7 +986,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::NoVote;
     lr2.name = "NoVote";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, true, /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1087,7 +994,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, true, /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false}));
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1095,7 +1002,7 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr2.name = "Max";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, false, /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     // The other layer starts to provide buffers
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
@@ -1105,20 +1012,20 @@
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr2.name = "90Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, false, /*idle*/ false, &ignored));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, touchConsidered) {
-    bool touchConsidered;
+    RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
                                                  /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
 
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, false, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered);
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, touchConsidered);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false}, &consideredSignals);
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, true, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered);
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, touchConsidered);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = false}, &consideredSignals);
+    EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f},
                                                 LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
@@ -1131,8 +1038,9 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, true, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered);
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, touchConsidered);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
+                                           &consideredSignals);
+    EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1140,8 +1048,9 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, true, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered);
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, touchConsidered);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
+                                           &consideredSignals);
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1149,8 +1058,9 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, true, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered);
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, touchConsidered);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
+                                           &consideredSignals);
+    EXPECT_EQ(true, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr1.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr1.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
@@ -1158,12 +1068,12 @@
     lr2.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr2.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr2.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
-    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, true, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered);
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, touchConsidered);
+    refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = false},
+                                           &consideredSignals);
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_ExplicitDefault) {
-    bool ignored;
     auto refreshRateConfigs =
             std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90_72_120Device, /*currentConfigId=*/
                                                  HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
@@ -1199,7 +1109,7 @@
         lr.name = ss.str();
 
         const auto& refreshRate =
-                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, false, /*idle*/ false, &ignored);
+                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
         EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(refreshRate.getFps(), test.second)
                 << "Expecting " << test.first << "fps => " << test.second << "Hz";
     }
@@ -1218,22 +1128,22 @@
     auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
-    bool touchConsidered = false;
+    RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ true, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, touchConsidered);
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = true},
+                                                     &consideredSignals));
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ true, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, touchConsidered);
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = true, .idle = true},
+                                                     &consideredSignals));
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest,
@@ -1249,20 +1159,17 @@
     auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
 
-    bool touchConsidered = false;
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.name = "90Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ true,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = true}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     lr.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ true,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = true}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest,
@@ -1275,11 +1182,11 @@
                       {HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90.f, 90.f}, {60.f, 90.f}}),
               0);
 
-    bool touchConsidered = false;
+    RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, touchConsidered);
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false},
+                                                     &consideredSignals));
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, consideredSignals.touch);
 
     auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
     auto& lr = layers[0];
@@ -1288,36 +1195,31 @@
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitExactOrMultiple";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz ExplicitDefault";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected60Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz Heuristic";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Max;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz Max";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 
     lr.vote = LayerVoteType::Min;
     lr.desiredRefreshRate = 60.0f;
     lr.name = "60Hz Min";
     EXPECT_EQ(mExpected90Config,
-              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, /*touchActive*/ false, /*idle*/ false,
-                                                     &touchConsidered));
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false}));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, groupSwitching) {
@@ -1331,10 +1233,8 @@
     layer.desiredRefreshRate = 90.0f;
     layer.name = "90Hz ExplicitDefault";
 
-    bool touchConsidered;
     ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs
-                      ->getBestRefreshRate(layers, false, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered)
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
                       .getConfigId());
 
     RefreshRateConfigs::Policy policy;
@@ -1342,8 +1242,7 @@
     policy.allowGroupSwitching = true;
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(policy), 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs
-                      ->getBestRefreshRate(layers, false, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered)
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
                       .getConfigId());
 }
 
@@ -1361,20 +1260,15 @@
                             bool touchActive = false) -> HwcConfigIndexType {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = fps;
-        bool touchConsidered;
-        return refreshRateConfigs
-                ->getBestRefreshRate(layers, touchActive, /*idle*/ false, &touchConsidered)
+        return refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = false})
                 .getConfigId();
     };
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
                       {HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {30.f, 60.f}, {30.f, 90.f}}),
               0);
-    bool touchConsidered;
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs
-                      ->getBestRefreshRate({}, /*touchActive=*/false, /*idle*/ false,
-                                           &touchConsidered)
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = false})
                       .getConfigId());
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, 90.f));
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_30, getFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, 90.f));
@@ -1410,13 +1304,19 @@
     auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
     layers[0].name = "Test layer";
 
-    auto getIdleFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType, bool touchActive) -> HwcConfigIndexType {
+    const auto getIdleFrameRate = [&](LayerVoteType voteType,
+                                      bool touchActive) -> HwcConfigIndexType {
         layers[0].vote = voteType;
         layers[0].desiredRefreshRate = 90.f;
-        bool touchConsidered;
-        return refreshRateConfigs
-                ->getBestRefreshRate(layers, touchActive, /*idle=*/true, &touchConsidered)
-                .getConfigId();
+        RefreshRateConfigs::GlobalSignals consideredSignals;
+        const auto configId =
+                refreshRateConfigs
+                        ->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = touchActive, .idle = true},
+                                             &consideredSignals)
+                        .getConfigId();
+        // Refresh rate will be chosen by either touch state or idle state
+        EXPECT_EQ(!touchActive, consideredSignals.idle);
+        return configId;
     };
 
     ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy(
@@ -1424,38 +1324,130 @@
               0);
 
     // Idle should be lower priority than touch boost.
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, true));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, true));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, true));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, true));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, true));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, /*touchActive=*/true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, /*touchActive=*/true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, /*touchActive=*/true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, /*touchActive=*/true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
+              getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, /*touchActive=*/true));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
+              getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, /*touchActive=*/true));
 
     // With no layers, idle should still be lower priority than touch boost.
-    bool touchConsidered;
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90,
-              refreshRateConfigs
-                      ->getBestRefreshRate({}, /*touchActive=*/true, /*idle=*/true,
-                                           &touchConsidered)
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = true, .idle = true})
                       .getConfigId());
 
     // Idle should be higher precedence than other layer frame rate considerations.
     refreshRateConfigs->setCurrentConfigId(HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, false));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, false));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, false));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, false));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, false));
-    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, false));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::NoVote, /*touchActive=*/false));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Min, /*touchActive=*/false));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Max, /*touchActive=*/false));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::Heuristic, /*touchActive=*/false));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
+              getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitDefault, /*touchActive=*/false));
+    EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
+              getIdleFrameRate(LayerVoteType::ExplicitExactOrMultiple, /*touchActive=*/false));
 
     // Idle should be applied rather than the current config when there are no layers.
     EXPECT_EQ(HWC_CONFIG_ID_60,
-              refreshRateConfigs
-                      ->getBestRefreshRate({}, /*touchActive=*/false, /*idle=*/true,
-                                           &touchConsidered)
+              refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate({}, {.touch = false, .idle = true})
                       .getConfigId());
 }
 
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, findClosestKnownFrameRate) {
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
+                                                 /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+
+    for (float fps = 1.0f; fps <= 120.0f; fps += 0.1f) {
+        const auto knownFrameRate = findClosestKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs, fps);
+        float expectedFrameRate;
+        if (fps < 26.91f) {
+            expectedFrameRate = 24.0f;
+        } else if (fps < 37.51f) {
+            expectedFrameRate = 30.0f;
+        } else if (fps < 52.51f) {
+            expectedFrameRate = 45.0f;
+        } else if (fps < 66.01f) {
+            expectedFrameRate = 60.0f;
+        } else if (fps < 81.01f) {
+            expectedFrameRate = 72.0f;
+        } else {
+            expectedFrameRate = 90.0f;
+        }
+        EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expectedFrameRate, knownFrameRate)
+                << "findClosestKnownFrameRate(" << fps << ") = " << knownFrameRate;
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, getBestRefreshRate_KnownFrameRate) {
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
+                                                 /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_60);
+
+    struct ExpectedRate {
+        float rate;
+        const RefreshRate& expected;
+    };
+
+    /* clang-format off */
+    std::vector<ExpectedRate> knownFrameRatesExpectations = {
+        {24.0f, mExpected60Config},
+        {30.0f, mExpected60Config},
+        {45.0f, mExpected90Config},
+        {60.0f, mExpected60Config},
+        {72.0f, mExpected90Config},
+        {90.0f, mExpected90Config},
+    };
+    /* clang-format on */
+
+    // Make sure the test tests all the known frame rate
+    const auto knownFrameRateList = getKnownFrameRate(*refreshRateConfigs);
+    const auto equal = std::equal(knownFrameRateList.begin(), knownFrameRateList.end(),
+                                  knownFrameRatesExpectations.begin(),
+                                  [](float a, const ExpectedRate& b) { return a == b.rate; });
+    EXPECT_TRUE(equal);
+
+    auto layers = std::vector<LayerRequirement>{LayerRequirement{.weight = 1.0f}};
+    auto& layer = layers[0];
+    layer.vote = LayerVoteType::Heuristic;
+    for (const auto& expectedRate : knownFrameRatesExpectations) {
+        layer.desiredRefreshRate = expectedRate.rate;
+        const auto& refreshRate =
+                refreshRateConfigs->getBestRefreshRate(layers, {.touch = false, .idle = false});
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedRate.expected, refreshRate);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, testComparisonOperator) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mExpected60Config < mExpected90Config);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mExpected60Config < mExpected60Config);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mExpected90Config < mExpected90Config);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, testKernelIdleTimerAction) {
+    using KernelIdleTimerAction = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::KernelIdleTimerAction;
+
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(m60_90Device,
+                                                 /*currentConfigId=*/HWC_CONFIG_ID_90);
+    // SetPolicy(60, 90), current 90Hz => TurnOn.
+    EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
+
+    // SetPolicy(60, 90), current 60Hz => TurnOn.
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60, 90}}), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOn, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
+
+    // SetPolicy(60, 60), current 60Hz => NoChange, avoid extra calls.
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_60, {60, 60}}), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::NoChange, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
+
+    // SetPolicy(90, 90), current 90Hz => TurnOff.
+    ASSERT_GE(refreshRateConfigs->setDisplayManagerPolicy({HWC_CONFIG_ID_90, {90, 90}}), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(KernelIdleTimerAction::TurnOff, refreshRateConfigs->getIdleTimerAction());
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace scheduler
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index 41b5d49..b7067a6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     TestableScheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs, bool useContentDetectionV2)
           : Scheduler([](bool) {}, configs, *this, useContentDetectionV2, true) {
         if (mUseContentDetectionV2) {
-            mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistoryV2>();
+            mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistoryV2>(configs);
         } else {
             mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistory>();
         }
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
           : Scheduler(std::move(primaryDispSync), std::move(eventControlThread), configs, *this,
                       useContentDetectionV2, true) {
         if (mUseContentDetectionV2) {
-            mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistoryV2>();
+            mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistoryV2>(configs);
         } else {
             mLayerHistory = std::make_unique<scheduler::impl::LayerHistory>();
         }
@@ -72,13 +72,31 @@
     auto& mutableEventControlThread() { return mEventControlThread; }
     auto& mutablePrimaryDispSync() { return mPrimaryDispSync; }
     auto& mutableHWVsyncAvailable() { return mHWVsyncAvailable; }
+
     auto mutableLayerHistory() {
         return static_cast<scheduler::impl::LayerHistory*>(mLayerHistory.get());
     }
+
     auto mutableLayerHistoryV2() {
         return static_cast<scheduler::impl::LayerHistoryV2*>(mLayerHistory.get());
     }
 
+    void replaceTouchTimer(int64_t millis) {
+        if (mTouchTimer) {
+            mTouchTimer.reset();
+        }
+        mTouchTimer.emplace(
+                std::chrono::milliseconds(millis),
+                [this] { touchTimerCallback(TimerState::Reset); },
+                [this] { touchTimerCallback(TimerState::Expired); });
+        mTouchTimer->start();
+    }
+
+    bool isTouchActive() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mFeatureStateLock);
+        return mFeatures.touch == Scheduler::TouchState::Active;
+    }
+
     ~TestableScheduler() {
         // All these pointer and container clears help ensure that GMock does
         // not report a leaked object, since the Scheduler instance may
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 38bc8a1..f630103 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -321,6 +321,8 @@
         return mFlinger->onInitializeDisplays();
     }
 
+    auto notifyPowerBoost(int32_t boostId) { return mFlinger->notifyPowerBoost(boostId); }
+
     // Allow reading display state without locking, as if called on the SF main thread.
     auto setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display,
                               hal::PowerMode mode) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
@@ -331,7 +333,7 @@
 
     auto captureScreenImplLocked(const RenderArea& renderArea,
                                  SurfaceFlinger::TraverseLayersFunction traverseLayers,
-                                 ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
+                                 const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, bool useIdentityTransform,
                                  bool forSystem, int* outSyncFd, bool regionSampling) {
         bool ignored;
         return mFlinger->captureScreenImplLocked(renderArea, traverseLayers, buffer,
@@ -339,9 +341,9 @@
                                                  regionSampling, ignored);
     }
 
-    auto traverseLayersInDisplay(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display,
-                                 const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
-        return mFlinger->SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInDisplay(display, visitor);
+    auto traverseLayersInLayerStack(ui::LayerStack layerStack,
+                                    const LayerVector::Visitor& visitor) {
+        return mFlinger->SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInLayerStack(layerStack, visitor);
     }
 
     auto getDisplayNativePrimaries(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
@@ -633,7 +635,7 @@
             if (const auto type = mCreationArgs.connectionType) {
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayId);
                 LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mHwcDisplayId);
-                state.physical = {*displayId, *type, *mHwcDisplayId};
+                state.physical = {.id = *displayId, .type = *type, .hwcDisplayId = *mHwcDisplayId};
             }
 
             state.isSecure = mCreationArgs.isSecure;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
index 7a1c7c6..63a34af 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TimeStatsTest.cpp
@@ -833,6 +833,15 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(0, globalProto.stats_size());
 }
 
+TEST_F(TimeStatsTest, noInfInAverageFPS) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(inputCommand(InputCommand::ENABLE, FMT_STRING).empty());
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 1, 1000000);
+    insertTimeRecord(NORMAL_SEQUENCE, LAYER_ID_0, 2, 1000000);
+
+    const std::string result(inputCommand(InputCommand::DUMP_ALL, FMT_STRING));
+    EXPECT_THAT(result, HasSubstr("averageFPS = 0.000"));
+}
+
 namespace {
 std::string buildExpectedHistogramBytestring(const std::vector<int32_t>& times,
                                              const std::vector<int32_t>& frameCounts) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
index 793cb8b..d940dc5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp
@@ -701,6 +701,52 @@
     EXPECT_THAT(cb.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
 }
 
+// b/154303580.
+TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, skipsRearmingWhenNotNextScheduled) {
+    Sequence seq;
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmIn(_, 600)).InSequence(seq);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel()).InSequence(seq);
+    CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
+    CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb1, 400, 1000), ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb2, 100, 2000), ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+
+    mMockClock.setLag(100);
+    mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb2), CancelResult::Cancelled);
+
+    mMockClock.advanceBy(80);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb1.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb2.mCalls.size(), Eq(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest, rearmsWhenCancelledAndIsNextScheduled) {
+    Sequence seq;
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmIn(_, 600)).InSequence(seq);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmIn(_, 1280)).InSequence(seq);
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockClock, alarmCancel()).InSequence(seq);
+    CountingCallback cb1(mDispatch);
+    CountingCallback cb2(mDispatch);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb1, 400, 1000), ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.schedule(cb2, 100, 2000), ScheduleResult::Scheduled);
+
+    mMockClock.setLag(100);
+    mMockClock.advanceBy(620);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mDispatch.cancel(cb1), CancelResult::Cancelled);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb1.mCalls.size(), Eq(0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb2.mCalls.size(), Eq(0));
+    mMockClock.advanceToNextCallback();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb1.mCalls.size(), Eq(0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(cb2.mCalls.size(), Eq(1));
+}
+
 class VSyncDispatchTimerQueueEntryTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
     nsecs_t const mPeriod = 1000;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncModulatorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncModulatorTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c1ec07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncModulatorTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
+#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#include "Scheduler/VSyncModulator.h"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using namespace testing;
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+class MockScheduler : public IPhaseOffsetControl {
+public:
+    void setPhaseOffset(ConnectionHandle handle, nsecs_t phaseOffset) {
+        mPhaseOffset[handle] = phaseOffset;
+    }
+
+    nsecs_t getOffset(ConnectionHandle handle) { return mPhaseOffset[handle]; }
+
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<ConnectionHandle, nsecs_t> mPhaseOffset;
+};
+
+class VSyncModulatorTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    static constexpr auto MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION =
+            VSyncModulator::MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION;
+    // Add a 1ms slack to avoid strange timer race conditions.
+    static constexpr auto MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY = VSyncModulator::MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY + 1ms;
+
+    // Used to enumerate the different offsets we have
+    enum {
+        SF_LATE,
+        APP_LATE,
+        SF_EARLY,
+        APP_EARLY,
+        SF_EARLY_GL,
+        APP_EARLY_GL,
+    };
+
+    std::unique_ptr<VSyncModulator> mVSyncModulator;
+    MockScheduler mMockScheduler;
+    ConnectionHandle mAppConnection{1};
+    ConnectionHandle mSfConnection{2};
+    VSyncModulator::OffsetsConfig mOffsets = {{SF_EARLY, APP_EARLY},
+                                              {SF_EARLY_GL, APP_EARLY_GL},
+                                              {SF_LATE, APP_LATE}};
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mVSyncModulator = std::make_unique<VSyncModulator>(mMockScheduler, mAppConnection,
+                                                           mSfConnection, mOffsets);
+        mVSyncModulator->setPhaseOffsets(mOffsets);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    };
+
+    void TearDown() override { mVSyncModulator.reset(); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(VSyncModulatorTest, Normal) {
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncModulatorTest, EarlyEnd) {
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncModulatorTest, EarlyStart) {
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncModulatorTest, EarlyStartWithEarly) {
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::Early);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncModulatorTest, EarlyStartWithMoreTransactions) {
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncModulatorTest, EarlyStartAfterEarlyEnd) {
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncModulatorTest, EarlyStartAfterEarlyEndWithMoreTransactions) {
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyStart);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::Normal);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->setTransactionStart(Scheduler::TransactionStart::EarlyEnd);
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(MARGIN_FOR_TX_APPLY);
+    mVSyncModulator->onTransactionHandled();
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MIN_EARLY_FRAME_COUNT_TRANSACTION - 1; i++) {
+        mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+        EXPECT_EQ(APP_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+        EXPECT_EQ(SF_EARLY, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+    }
+
+    mVSyncModulator->onRefreshed(false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(APP_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mAppConnection));
+    EXPECT_EQ(SF_LATE, mMockScheduler.getOffset(mSfConnection));
+}
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
index ccbd17f..a972562 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncReactorTest.cpp
@@ -672,15 +672,30 @@
                                     kPendingLimit, true /* supportKernelIdleTimer */);
 
     bool periodFlushed = true;
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockTracker, addVsyncTimestamp(_)).Times(2);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockTracker, addVsyncTimestamp(_)).Times(5);
     idleReactor.setIgnorePresentFences(true);
 
-    nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
-    idleReactor.setPeriod(newPeriod);
-
+    // First, set the same period, which should only be confirmed when we receive two
+    // matching callbacks
+    idleReactor.setPeriod(10000);
     EXPECT_TRUE(idleReactor.addResyncSample(0, 0, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(idleReactor.addResyncSample(newPeriod, 0, &periodFlushed));
+    // Correct period but incorrect timestamp delta
+    EXPECT_TRUE(idleReactor.addResyncSample(0, 10000, &periodFlushed));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
+    // Correct period and correct timestamp delta
+    EXPECT_FALSE(idleReactor.addResyncSample(10000, 10000, &periodFlushed));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(periodFlushed);
+
+    // Then, set a new period, which should be confirmed as soon as we receive a callback
+    // reporting the new period
+    nsecs_t const newPeriod = 5000;
+    idleReactor.setPeriod(newPeriod);
+    // Incorrect timestamp delta and period
+    EXPECT_TRUE(idleReactor.addResyncSample(20000, 10000, &periodFlushed));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(periodFlushed);
+    // Incorrect timestamp delta but correct period
+    EXPECT_FALSE(idleReactor.addResyncSample(20000, 5000, &periodFlushed));
     EXPECT_TRUE(periodFlushed);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(idleReactor.addPresentFence(generateSignalledFenceWithTime(0)));
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/Android.bp b/services/vibratorservice/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3c254d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libvibratorservice",
+
+    srcs: [
+        "VibratorCallbackScheduler.cpp",
+        "VibratorHalWrapper.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    aidl: {
+       local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+       include_dirs: [
+           "hardware/interfaces/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator",
+       ],
+       export_aidl_headers: true
+    },
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.3",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wunused",
+        "-Wunreachable-code",
+    ],
+
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f8cd67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool DelayedCallback::isExpired() const {
+    return mExpiration <= std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+}
+
+DelayedCallback::Timestamp DelayedCallback::getExpiration() const {
+    return mExpiration;
+}
+
+void DelayedCallback::run() const {
+    mCallback();
+}
+
+bool DelayedCallback::operator<(const DelayedCallback& other) const {
+    return mExpiration < other.mExpiration;
+}
+
+bool DelayedCallback::operator>(const DelayedCallback& other) const {
+    return mExpiration > other.mExpiration;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CallbackScheduler::~CallbackScheduler() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        mFinished = true;
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_all();
+    if (mCallbackThread && mCallbackThread->joinable()) {
+        mCallbackThread->join();
+    }
+}
+
+void CallbackScheduler::schedule(std::function<void()> callback, std::chrono::milliseconds delay) {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        if (mCallbackThread == nullptr) {
+            mCallbackThread = std::make_unique<std::thread>(&CallbackScheduler::loop, this);
+        }
+        mQueue.emplace(DelayedCallback(callback, delay));
+    }
+    mCondition.notify_all();
+}
+
+void CallbackScheduler::loop() {
+    while (true) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        if (mFinished) {
+            // Destructor was called, so let the callback thread die.
+            break;
+        }
+        while (!mQueue.empty() && mQueue.top().isExpired()) {
+            mQueue.top().run();
+            mQueue.pop();
+        }
+        if (mQueue.empty()) {
+            // Wait until a new callback is scheduled.
+            mCondition.wait(mMutex);
+        } else {
+            // Wait until next callback expires, or a new one is scheduled.
+            mCondition.wait_until(mMutex, mQueue.top().getExpiration());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+}; // namespace vibrator
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1420bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalWrapper"
+
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.h>
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+#include <hardware/vibrator.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h>
+
+using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+
+using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+
+namespace V1_0 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0;
+namespace V1_1 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_1;
+namespace V1_2 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_2;
+namespace V1_3 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_3;
+namespace Aidl = android::hardware::vibrator;
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <class T>
+HalResult<T> loadCached(const std::function<HalResult<T>()>& loadFn, std::optional<T>& cache) {
+    if (cache.has_value()) {
+        // Return copy of cached value.
+        return HalResult<T>::ok(*cache);
+    }
+    HalResult<T> ret = loadFn();
+    if (ret.isOk()) {
+        // Cache copy of returned value.
+        cache.emplace(ret.value());
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool isStaticCastValid(Effect effect) {
+    T castEffect = static_cast<T>(effect);
+    auto iter = hardware::hidl_enum_range<T>();
+    return castEffect >= *iter.begin() && castEffect <= *std::prev(iter.end());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename T>
+HalResult<T> HalResult<T>::ok(T value) {
+    return HalResult(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+HalResult<T> HalResult<T>::failed() {
+    return HalResult(/* unsupported= */ false);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+HalResult<T> HalResult<T>::unsupported() {
+    return HalResult(/* unsupported= */ true);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+HalResult<T> HalResult<T>::fromStatus(binder::Status status, T data) {
+    if (status.exceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
+        return HalResult<T>::unsupported();
+    }
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        return HalResult<T>::ok(data);
+    }
+    return HalResult<T>::failed();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+HalResult<T> HalResult<T>::fromStatus(V1_0::Status status, T data) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case V1_0::Status::OK:
+            return HalResult<T>::ok(data);
+        case V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION:
+            return HalResult<T>::unsupported();
+        default:
+            return HalResult<T>::failed();
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename R>
+HalResult<T> HalResult<T>::fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, T data) {
+    return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<T>::ok(data) : HalResult<T>::failed();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename R>
+HalResult<T> HalResult<T>::fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, V1_0::Status status, T data) {
+    return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<T>::fromStatus(status, data) : HalResult<T>::failed();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult<void> HalResult<void>::ok() {
+    return HalResult();
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HalResult<void>::failed() {
+    return HalResult(/* failed= */ true);
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HalResult<void>::unsupported() {
+    return HalResult(/* failed= */ false, /* unsupported= */ true);
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HalResult<void>::fromStatus(binder::Status status) {
+    if (status.exceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
+        return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+    }
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        return HalResult<void>::ok();
+    }
+    return HalResult<void>::failed();
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HalResult<void>::fromStatus(V1_0::Status status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case V1_0::Status::OK:
+            return HalResult<void>::ok();
+        case V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION:
+            return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+        default:
+            return HalResult<void>::failed();
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename R>
+HalResult<void> HalResult<void>::fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret) {
+    return ret.isOk() ? HalResult<void>::ok() : HalResult<void>::failed();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class HalCallbackWrapper : public Aidl::BnVibratorCallback {
+public:
+    HalCallbackWrapper(std::function<void()> completionCallback)
+          : mCompletionCallback(completionCallback) {}
+
+    binder::Status onComplete() override {
+        mCompletionCallback();
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+private:
+    const std::function<void()> mCompletionCallback;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::ping() {
+    return IInterface::asBinder(mHandle)->pingBinder() ? HalResult<void>::ok()
+                                                       : HalResult<void>::failed();
+}
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::on(milliseconds timeout,
+                                   const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    HalResult<Capabilities> capabilities = getCapabilities();
+    bool supportsCallback = capabilities.isOk() &&
+            static_cast<int32_t>(capabilities.value() & Capabilities::ON_CALLBACK);
+    auto cb = supportsCallback ? new HalCallbackWrapper(completionCallback) : nullptr;
+
+    auto ret = HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->on(timeout.count(), cb));
+    if (!supportsCallback && ret.isOk()) {
+        mCallbackScheduler->schedule(completionCallback, timeout);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::off() {
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->off());
+}
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::setAmplitude(int32_t amplitude) {
+    float convertedAmplitude = static_cast<float>(amplitude) / std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max();
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->setAmplitude(convertedAmplitude));
+}
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::setExternalControl(bool enabled) {
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->setExternalControl(enabled));
+}
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::alwaysOnEnable(int32_t id, Effect effect, EffectStrength strength) {
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->alwaysOnEnable(id, effect, strength));
+}
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::alwaysOnDisable(int32_t id) {
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->alwaysOnDisable(id));
+}
+
+HalResult<Capabilities> AidlHalWrapper::getCapabilities() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCapabilitiesMutex);
+    return loadCached<Capabilities>(std::bind(&AidlHalWrapper::getCapabilitiesInternal, this),
+                                    mCapabilities);
+}
+
+HalResult<std::vector<Effect>> AidlHalWrapper::getSupportedEffects() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mSupportedEffectsMutex);
+    return loadCached<std::vector<Effect>>(std::bind(&AidlHalWrapper::getSupportedEffectsInternal,
+                                                     this),
+                                           mSupportedEffects);
+}
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> AidlHalWrapper::performEffect(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    HalResult<Capabilities> capabilities = getCapabilities();
+    bool supportsCallback = capabilities.isOk() &&
+            static_cast<int32_t>(capabilities.value() & Capabilities::PERFORM_CALLBACK);
+    auto cb = supportsCallback ? new HalCallbackWrapper(completionCallback) : nullptr;
+
+    int32_t lengthMs;
+    auto result = mHandle->perform(effect, strength, cb, &lengthMs);
+    milliseconds length = milliseconds(lengthMs);
+
+    auto ret = HalResult<milliseconds>::fromStatus(result, length);
+    if (!supportsCallback && ret.isOk()) {
+        mCallbackScheduler->schedule(completionCallback, length);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+HalResult<void> AidlHalWrapper::performComposedEffect(
+        const std::vector<CompositeEffect>& primitiveEffects,
+        const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    // This method should always support callbacks, so no need to double check.
+    auto cb = new HalCallbackWrapper(completionCallback);
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(mHandle->compose(primitiveEffects, cb));
+}
+
+HalResult<Capabilities> AidlHalWrapper::getCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    int32_t capabilities = 0;
+    auto result = mHandle->getCapabilities(&capabilities);
+    return HalResult<Capabilities>::fromStatus(result, static_cast<Capabilities>(capabilities));
+}
+
+HalResult<std::vector<Effect>> AidlHalWrapper::getSupportedEffectsInternal() {
+    std::vector<Effect> supportedEffects;
+    auto result = mHandle->getSupportedEffects(&supportedEffects);
+    return HalResult<std::vector<Effect>>::fromStatus(result, supportedEffects);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::ping() {
+    auto result = mHandleV1_0->ping();
+    return HalResult<void>::fromReturn(result);
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::on(milliseconds timeout,
+                                       const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    auto result = mHandleV1_0->on(timeout.count());
+    auto ret = HalResult<void>::fromStatus(result.withDefault(V1_0::Status::UNKNOWN_ERROR));
+    if (ret.isOk()) {
+        mCallbackScheduler->schedule(completionCallback, timeout);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::off() {
+    auto result = mHandleV1_0->off();
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(result.withDefault(V1_0::Status::UNKNOWN_ERROR));
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::setAmplitude(int32_t amplitude) {
+    auto result = mHandleV1_0->setAmplitude(static_cast<uint8_t>(amplitude));
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(result.withDefault(V1_0::Status::UNKNOWN_ERROR));
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::setExternalControl(bool) {
+    ALOGV("Skipped setExternalControl because Vibrator HAL does not support it");
+    return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::alwaysOnEnable(int32_t, Effect, EffectStrength) {
+    ALOGV("Skipped alwaysOnEnable because Vibrator HAL AIDL is not available");
+    return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::alwaysOnDisable(int32_t) {
+    ALOGV("Skipped alwaysOnDisable because Vibrator HAL AIDL is not available");
+    return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<Capabilities> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::getCapabilities() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCapabilitiesMutex);
+    return loadCached<Capabilities>(std::bind(&HidlHalWrapperV1_0::getCapabilitiesInternal, this),
+                                    mCapabilities);
+}
+
+HalResult<std::vector<Effect>> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::getSupportedEffects() {
+    ALOGV("Skipped getSupportedEffects because Vibrator HAL AIDL is not available");
+    return HalResult<std::vector<Effect>>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::performEffect(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_0::Effect>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_0(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Skipped performEffect because Vibrator HAL does not support effect %s",
+          Aidl::toString(effect).c_str());
+    return HalResult<milliseconds>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::performComposedEffect(const std::vector<CompositeEffect>&,
+                                                          const std::function<void()>&) {
+    ALOGV("Skipped composed effect because Vibrator HAL AIDL is not available");
+    return HalResult<void>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<Capabilities> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::getCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    hardware::Return<bool> result = mHandleV1_0->supportsAmplitudeControl();
+    Capabilities capabilities =
+            result.withDefault(false) ? Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL : Capabilities::NONE;
+    return HalResult<Capabilities>::fromReturn(result, capabilities);
+}
+
+template <class I, class T>
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::performInternal(
+        perform_fn<I, T> performFn, sp<I> handle, T effect, EffectStrength strength,
+        const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    V1_0::Status status;
+    int32_t lengthMs;
+    auto effectCallback = [&status, &lengthMs](V1_0::Status retStatus, uint32_t retLengthMs) {
+        status = retStatus;
+        lengthMs = retLengthMs;
+    };
+
+    V1_0::EffectStrength effectStrength = static_cast<V1_0::EffectStrength>(strength);
+    auto result = std::invoke(performFn, handle, effect, effectStrength, effectCallback);
+    milliseconds length = milliseconds(lengthMs);
+
+    auto ret = HalResult<milliseconds>::fromReturn(result, status, length);
+    if (ret.isOk()) {
+        mCallbackScheduler->schedule(completionCallback, length);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_0::performInternalV1_0(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    V1_0::Effect e = static_cast<V1_0::Effect>(effect);
+    return performInternal(&V1_0::IVibrator::perform, mHandleV1_0, e, strength, completionCallback);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_1::performEffect(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_0::Effect>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_0(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_1::Effect_1_1>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_1(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Skipped performEffect because Vibrator HAL does not support effect %s",
+          Aidl::toString(effect).c_str());
+    return HalResult<milliseconds>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_1::performInternalV1_1(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    V1_1::Effect_1_1 e = static_cast<V1_1::Effect_1_1>(effect);
+    return performInternal(&V1_1::IVibrator::perform_1_1, mHandleV1_1, e, strength,
+                           completionCallback);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_2::performEffect(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_0::Effect>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_0(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_1::Effect_1_1>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_1(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_2::Effect>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_2(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Skipped performEffect because Vibrator HAL does not support effect %s",
+          Aidl::toString(effect).c_str());
+    return HalResult<milliseconds>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_2::performInternalV1_2(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    V1_2::Effect e = static_cast<V1_2::Effect>(effect);
+    return performInternal(&V1_2::IVibrator::perform_1_2, mHandleV1_2, e, strength,
+                           completionCallback);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HalResult<void> HidlHalWrapperV1_3::setExternalControl(bool enabled) {
+    auto result = mHandleV1_3->setExternalControl(static_cast<uint32_t>(enabled));
+    return HalResult<void>::fromStatus(result.withDefault(V1_0::Status::UNKNOWN_ERROR));
+}
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_3::performEffect(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_0::Effect>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_0(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_1::Effect_1_1>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_1(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_2::Effect>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_2(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+    if (isStaticCastValid<V1_3::Effect>(effect)) {
+        return performInternalV1_3(effect, strength, completionCallback);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Skipped performEffect because Vibrator HAL does not support effect %s",
+          Aidl::toString(effect).c_str());
+    return HalResult<milliseconds>::unsupported();
+}
+
+HalResult<Capabilities> HidlHalWrapperV1_3::getCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    HalResult<Capabilities> parentResult = HidlHalWrapperV1_2::getCapabilitiesInternal();
+    if (!parentResult.isOk()) {
+        // Loading for previous HAL versions already failed, so propagate failure.
+        return parentResult;
+    }
+
+    Capabilities capabilities = parentResult.value();
+    auto result = mHandleV1_3->supportsExternalControl();
+    capabilities |= result.withDefault(false) ? Capabilities::EXTERNAL_CONTROL : Capabilities::NONE;
+    return HalResult<Capabilities>::fromReturn(result, capabilities);
+}
+
+HalResult<milliseconds> HidlHalWrapperV1_3::performInternalV1_3(
+        Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) {
+    V1_3::Effect e = static_cast<V1_3::Effect>(effect);
+    return performInternal(&V1_3::IVibrator::perform_1_3, mHandleV1_3, e, strength,
+                           completionCallback);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+}; // namespace vibrator
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c194b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_VIBRATOR_CALLBACK_SCHEDULER_H
+#define ANDROID_VIBRATOR_CALLBACK_SCHEDULER_H
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <queue>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+// Wrapper for a callback to be executed after a delay.
+class DelayedCallback {
+public:
+    using Timestamp = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock>;
+
+    DelayedCallback(std::function<void()> callback, std::chrono::milliseconds delay)
+          : mCallback(callback), mExpiration(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + delay) {}
+    ~DelayedCallback() = default;
+
+    void run() const;
+    bool isExpired() const;
+    Timestamp getExpiration() const;
+
+    // Compare by expiration time, where A < B when A expires first.
+    bool operator<(const DelayedCallback& other) const;
+    bool operator>(const DelayedCallback& other) const;
+
+private:
+    std::function<void()> mCallback;
+    Timestamp mExpiration;
+};
+
+// Schedules callbacks to be executed after a delay.
+class CallbackScheduler {
+public:
+    CallbackScheduler() : mCallbackThread(nullptr), mFinished(false) {}
+    virtual ~CallbackScheduler();
+
+    virtual void schedule(std::function<void()> callback, std::chrono::milliseconds delay);
+
+private:
+    std::condition_variable_any mCondition;
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+
+    // Lazily instantiated only at the first time this scheduler is used.
+    std::unique_ptr<std::thread> mCallbackThread;
+
+    // Used to quit the callback thread when this instance is being destroyed.
+    bool mFinished GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    // Priority queue with reverse comparator, so tasks that expire first will be on top.
+    std::priority_queue<DelayedCallback, std::vector<DelayedCallback>,
+                        std::greater<DelayedCallback>>
+            mQueue GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    void loop();
+};
+
+}; // namespace vibrator
+
+}; // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_VIBRATOR_CALLBACK_SCHEDULER_H
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f9aacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/include/vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_OS_VIBRATORHALWRAPPER_H
+#define ANDROID_OS_VIBRATORHALWRAPPER_H
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.h>
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Result of a call to the Vibrator HAL wrapper, holding data if successful.
+template <typename T>
+class HalResult {
+public:
+    static HalResult<T> ok(T value);
+    static HalResult<T> failed();
+    static HalResult<T> unsupported();
+
+    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(binder::Status status, T data);
+    static HalResult<T> fromStatus(hardware::vibrator::V1_0::Status status, T data);
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret, T data);
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<T> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret,
+                                   hardware::vibrator::V1_0::Status status, T data);
+
+    // This will throw std::bad_optional_access if this result is not ok.
+    const T& value() const { return mValue.value(); }
+    bool isOk() const { return !mUnsupported && mValue.has_value(); }
+    bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && !mValue.has_value(); }
+    bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
+
+private:
+    std::optional<T> mValue;
+    bool mUnsupported;
+
+    explicit HalResult(T value) : mValue(std::make_optional(value)), mUnsupported(false) {}
+    explicit HalResult(bool unsupported) : mValue(), mUnsupported(unsupported) {}
+};
+
+// Empty result of a call to the Vibrator HAL wrapper.
+template <>
+class HalResult<void> {
+public:
+    static HalResult<void> ok();
+    static HalResult<void> failed();
+    static HalResult<void> unsupported();
+
+    static HalResult<void> fromStatus(binder::Status status);
+    static HalResult<void> fromStatus(hardware::vibrator::V1_0::Status status);
+
+    template <typename R>
+    static HalResult<void> fromReturn(hardware::Return<R>& ret);
+
+    bool isOk() const { return !mUnsupported && !mFailed; }
+    bool isFailed() const { return !mUnsupported && mFailed; }
+    bool isUnsupported() const { return mUnsupported; }
+
+private:
+    bool mFailed;
+    bool mUnsupported;
+
+    explicit HalResult(bool failed = false, bool unsupported = false)
+          : mFailed(failed), mUnsupported(unsupported) {}
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Vibrator HAL capabilities.
+enum class Capabilities : int32_t {
+    NONE = 0,
+    ON_CALLBACK = hardware::vibrator::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK,
+    PERFORM_CALLBACK = hardware::vibrator::IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK,
+    AMPLITUDE_CONTROL = hardware::vibrator::IVibrator::CAP_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL,
+    EXTERNAL_CONTROL = hardware::vibrator::IVibrator::CAP_EXTERNAL_CONTROL,
+    EXTERNAL_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL = hardware::vibrator::IVibrator::CAP_EXTERNAL_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL,
+    COMPOSE_EFFECTS = hardware::vibrator::IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS,
+    ALWAYS_ON_CONTROL = hardware::vibrator::IVibrator::CAP_ALWAYS_ON_CONTROL
+};
+
+inline Capabilities operator|(Capabilities lhs, Capabilities rhs) {
+    using underlying = typename std::underlying_type<Capabilities>::type;
+    return static_cast<Capabilities>(static_cast<underlying>(lhs) | static_cast<underlying>(rhs));
+}
+
+inline Capabilities& operator|=(Capabilities& lhs, Capabilities rhs) {
+    return lhs = lhs | rhs;
+}
+
+inline Capabilities operator&(Capabilities lhs, Capabilities rhs) {
+    using underlying = typename std::underlying_type<Capabilities>::type;
+    return static_cast<Capabilities>(static_cast<underlying>(lhs) & static_cast<underlying>(rhs));
+}
+
+inline Capabilities& operator&=(Capabilities& lhs, Capabilities rhs) {
+    return lhs = lhs & rhs;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Wrapper for Vibrator HAL handlers.
+class HalWrapper {
+public:
+    explicit HalWrapper(std::shared_ptr<CallbackScheduler> scheduler)
+          : mCallbackScheduler(std::move(scheduler)) {}
+    virtual ~HalWrapper() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> ping() = 0;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> on(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
+                               const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) = 0;
+    virtual HalResult<void> off() = 0;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> setAmplitude(int32_t amplitude) = 0;
+    virtual HalResult<void> setExternalControl(bool enabled) = 0;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> alwaysOnEnable(int32_t id, hardware::vibrator::Effect effect,
+                                           hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength) = 0;
+    virtual HalResult<void> alwaysOnDisable(int32_t id) = 0;
+
+    virtual HalResult<Capabilities> getCapabilities() = 0;
+    virtual HalResult<std::vector<hardware::vibrator::Effect>> getSupportedEffects() = 0;
+
+    virtual HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performEffect(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) = 0;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> performComposedEffect(
+            const std::vector<hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect>& primitiveEffects,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) = 0;
+
+protected:
+    // Shared pointer to allow CallbackScheduler to outlive this wrapper.
+    const std::shared_ptr<CallbackScheduler> mCallbackScheduler;
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the AIDL Vibrator HAL.
+class AidlHalWrapper : public HalWrapper {
+public:
+    AidlHalWrapper(std::shared_ptr<CallbackScheduler> scheduler,
+                   sp<hardware::vibrator::IVibrator> handle)
+          : HalWrapper(std::move(scheduler)), mHandle(std::move(handle)) {}
+    virtual ~AidlHalWrapper() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> ping() override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> on(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
+                               const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+    virtual HalResult<void> off() override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> setAmplitude(int32_t amplitude) override;
+    virtual HalResult<void> setExternalControl(bool enabled) override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> alwaysOnEnable(int32_t id, hardware::vibrator::Effect effect,
+                                           hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength) override;
+    virtual HalResult<void> alwaysOnDisable(int32_t id) override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<Capabilities> getCapabilities() override;
+    virtual HalResult<std::vector<hardware::vibrator::Effect>> getSupportedEffects() override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performEffect(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> performComposedEffect(
+            const std::vector<hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect>& primitiveEffects,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+
+private:
+    const sp<hardware::vibrator::IVibrator> mHandle;
+    std::mutex mCapabilitiesMutex;
+    std::mutex mSupportedEffectsMutex;
+    std::optional<Capabilities> mCapabilities GUARDED_BY(mCapabilitiesMutex);
+    std::optional<std::vector<hardware::vibrator::Effect>> mSupportedEffects
+            GUARDED_BY(mSupportedEffectsMutex);
+
+    // Loads directly from IVibrator handle, skipping caches.
+    HalResult<Capabilities> getCapabilitiesInternal();
+    HalResult<std::vector<hardware::vibrator::Effect>> getSupportedEffectsInternal();
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the HDIL Vibrator HAL v1.0.
+class HidlHalWrapperV1_0 : public HalWrapper {
+public:
+    HidlHalWrapperV1_0(std::shared_ptr<CallbackScheduler> scheduler,
+                       sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_0::IVibrator> handle)
+          : HalWrapper(std::move(scheduler)), mHandleV1_0(std::move(handle)) {}
+    virtual ~HidlHalWrapperV1_0() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> ping() override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> on(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
+                               const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+    virtual HalResult<void> off() override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> setAmplitude(int32_t amplitude) override;
+    virtual HalResult<void> setExternalControl(bool enabled) override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> alwaysOnEnable(int32_t id, hardware::vibrator::Effect effect,
+                                           hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength) override;
+    virtual HalResult<void> alwaysOnDisable(int32_t id) override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<Capabilities> getCapabilities() override;
+    virtual HalResult<std::vector<hardware::vibrator::Effect>> getSupportedEffects() override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performEffect(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> performComposedEffect(
+            const std::vector<hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect>& primitiveEffects,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+
+protected:
+    const sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_0::IVibrator> mHandleV1_0;
+    std::mutex mCapabilitiesMutex;
+    std::optional<Capabilities> mCapabilities GUARDED_BY(mCapabilitiesMutex);
+
+    // Loads directly from IVibrator handle, skipping the mCapabilities cache.
+    virtual HalResult<Capabilities> getCapabilitiesInternal();
+
+    template <class I, class T>
+    using perform_fn =
+            hardware::Return<void> (I::*)(T, hardware::vibrator::V1_0::EffectStrength,
+                                          hardware::vibrator::V1_0::IVibrator::perform_cb);
+
+    template <class I, class T>
+    HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performInternal(
+            perform_fn<I, T> performFn, sp<I> handle, T effect,
+            hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback);
+
+    HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performInternalV1_0(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback);
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the HDIL Vibrator HAL v1.1.
+class HidlHalWrapperV1_1 : public HidlHalWrapperV1_0 {
+public:
+    HidlHalWrapperV1_1(std::shared_ptr<CallbackScheduler> scheduler,
+                       sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_0::IVibrator> handleV1_0)
+          : HidlHalWrapperV1_0(std::move(scheduler), handleV1_0),
+            mHandleV1_1(hardware::vibrator::V1_1::IVibrator::castFrom(handleV1_0)) {}
+    virtual ~HidlHalWrapperV1_1() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performEffect(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+
+protected:
+    const sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_1::IVibrator> mHandleV1_1;
+
+    HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performInternalV1_1(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback);
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the HDIL Vibrator HAL v1.2.
+class HidlHalWrapperV1_2 : public HidlHalWrapperV1_1 {
+public:
+    HidlHalWrapperV1_2(std::shared_ptr<CallbackScheduler> scheduler,
+                       sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_0::IVibrator> handleV1_0)
+          : HidlHalWrapperV1_1(std::move(scheduler), handleV1_0),
+            mHandleV1_2(hardware::vibrator::V1_2::IVibrator::castFrom(handleV1_0)) {}
+    virtual ~HidlHalWrapperV1_2() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performEffect(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+
+protected:
+    const sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_2::IVibrator> mHandleV1_2;
+
+    HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performInternalV1_2(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback);
+};
+
+// Wrapper for the HDIL Vibrator HAL v1.3.
+class HidlHalWrapperV1_3 : public HidlHalWrapperV1_2 {
+public:
+    HidlHalWrapperV1_3(std::shared_ptr<CallbackScheduler> scheduler,
+                       sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_0::IVibrator> handleV1_0)
+          : HidlHalWrapperV1_2(std::move(scheduler), handleV1_0),
+            mHandleV1_3(hardware::vibrator::V1_3::IVibrator::castFrom(handleV1_0)) {}
+    virtual ~HidlHalWrapperV1_3() = default;
+
+    virtual HalResult<void> setExternalControl(bool enabled) override;
+
+    virtual HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performEffect(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback) override;
+
+protected:
+    const sp<hardware::vibrator::V1_3::IVibrator> mHandleV1_3;
+
+    virtual HalResult<Capabilities> getCapabilitiesInternal() override;
+    HalResult<std::chrono::milliseconds> performInternalV1_3(
+            hardware::vibrator::Effect effect, hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength strength,
+            const std::function<void()>& completionCallback);
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+}; // namespace vibrator
+
+}; // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_OS_VIBRATORHALWRAPPER_H
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/Android.bp b/services/vibratorservice/test/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa399ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libvibratorservice_test",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    srcs: [
+        "VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest.cpp",
+        "VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp",
+        "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp",
+        "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp",
+        "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test.cpp",
+        "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test.cpp",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libvibratorservice",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.3",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaeb8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest"
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+
+using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+using std::chrono::steady_clock;
+using std::chrono::time_point;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mScheduler = std::make_unique<vibrator::CallbackScheduler>();
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        mExpiredCallbacks.clear();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::condition_variable_any mCondition;
+    std::unique_ptr<vibrator::CallbackScheduler> mScheduler = nullptr;
+    std::vector<int32_t> mExpiredCallbacks GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    std::function<void()> createCallback(int32_t id) {
+        return [=]() {
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+                mExpiredCallbacks.push_back(id);
+            }
+            mCondition.notify_all();
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> getExpiredCallbacks() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        return std::vector<int32_t>(mExpiredCallbacks);
+    }
+
+    bool waitForCallbacks(uint32_t callbackCount, milliseconds timeout) {
+        time_point<steady_clock> expiration = steady_clock::now() + timeout;
+        while (steady_clock::now() < expiration) {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+            if (callbackCount <= mExpiredCallbacks.size()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            mCondition.wait_until(mMutex, expiration);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest, TestScheduleRunsOnlyAfterDelay) {
+    mScheduler->schedule(createCallback(1), 15ms);
+
+    // Not triggered before delay.
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitForCallbacks(1, 10ms));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(getExpiredCallbacks().empty());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallbacks(1, 10ms));
+    ASSERT_THAT(getExpiredCallbacks(), ElementsAre(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest, TestScheduleMultipleCallbacksRunsInDelayOrder) {
+    mScheduler->schedule(createCallback(1), 10ms);
+    mScheduler->schedule(createCallback(2), 5ms);
+    mScheduler->schedule(createCallback(3), 1ms);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallbacks(3, 15ms));
+    ASSERT_THAT(getExpiredCallbacks(), ElementsAre(3, 2, 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest, TestScheduleInParallelRunsInDelayOrder) {
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread(
+                [=]() { mScheduler->schedule(createCallback(i), milliseconds(10 + 2 * i)); }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallbacks(5, 25ms));
+    ASSERT_THAT(getExpiredCallbacks(), ElementsAre(0, 1, 2, 3, 4));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorCallbackSchedulerTest, TestDestructorDropsPendingCallbacksAndKillsThread) {
+    mScheduler->schedule(createCallback(1), 5ms);
+    mScheduler.reset(nullptr);
+
+    // Should time out waiting for callback to run.
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitForCallbacks(1, 10ms));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(getExpiredCallbacks().empty());
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f2d7bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest"
+
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h>
+
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+using android::binder::Status;
+
+using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositePrimitive;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibratorCallback;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockBinder : public BBinder {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(status_t, linkToDeath,
+                (const sp<DeathRecipient>& recipient, void* cookie, uint32_t flags), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(status_t, unlinkToDeath,
+                (const wp<DeathRecipient>& recipient, void* cookie, uint32_t flags,
+                 wp<DeathRecipient>* outRecipient),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(status_t, pingBinder, (), (override));
+};
+
+class MockIVibrator : public IVibrator {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getCapabilities, (int32_t * ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, off, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, on, (int32_t timeout, const sp<IVibratorCallback>& cb), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, perform,
+                (Effect e, EffectStrength s, const sp<IVibratorCallback>& cb, int32_t* ret),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getSupportedEffects, (std::vector<Effect> * ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, setAmplitude, (float amplitude), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, setExternalControl, (bool enabled), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getCompositionDelayMax, (int32_t * ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getCompositionSizeMax, (int32_t * ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getSupportedPrimitives, (std::vector<CompositePrimitive> * ret),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getPrimitiveDuration, (CompositePrimitive p, int32_t* ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, compose,
+                (const std::vector<CompositeEffect>& e, const sp<IVibratorCallback>& cb),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, getSupportedAlwaysOnEffects, (std::vector<Effect> * ret), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, alwaysOnEnable, (int32_t id, Effect e, EffectStrength s), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(Status, alwaysOnDisable, (int32_t id), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int32_t, getInterfaceVersion, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::string, getInterfaceHash, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(IBinder*, onAsBinder, (), (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mMockBinder = new StrictMock<MockBinder>();
+        mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIVibrator>();
+        mMockScheduler = std::make_shared<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>>();
+        mWrapper = std::make_unique<vibrator::AidlHalWrapper>(mMockScheduler, mMockHal);
+        ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>> mMockScheduler = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<vibrator::HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIVibrator>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockBinder>> mMockBinder = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ACTION(TriggerCallbackInArg1) {
+    if (arg1 != nullptr) {
+        arg1->onComplete();
+    }
+}
+
+ACTION(TriggerCallbackInArg2) {
+    if (arg2 != nullptr) {
+        arg2->onComplete();
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestPing) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), onAsBinder())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(mMockBinder.get()));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockBinder.get(), pingBinder()).Times(Exactly(1));
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->ping().isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestOnWithCallbackSupport) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getCapabilities(_))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(10), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(TriggerCallbackInArg1(), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(100), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(1000), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(10ms, callback).isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(100ms, callback).isUnsupported());
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(1000ms, callback).isFailed());
+    // Callback not triggered on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestOnWithoutCallbackSupport) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getCapabilities(_))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(10), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status()));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(11), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(12), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(10ms, callback).isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(11ms, callback).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(12ms, callback).isFailed());
+
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported and on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestOff) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), off())
+            .Times(Exactly(3))
+            .WillOnce(Return(Status()))
+            .WillOnce(
+                    Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)))
+            .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->off().isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->off().isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->off().isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetAmplitude) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setAmplitude(FloatNear(0.1, 1e-2))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setAmplitude(FloatNear(0.2, 1e-2)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setAmplitude(FloatNear(0.5, 1e-2)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setAmplitude(std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() / 10).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setAmplitude(std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() / 5).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setAmplitude(std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max() / 2).isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestSetExternalControl) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setExternalControl(Eq(true))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setExternalControl(Eq(false)))
+                .Times(Exactly(2))
+                .WillOnce(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(true).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(false).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(false).isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestAlwaysOnEnable) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    alwaysOnEnable(Eq(1), Eq(Effect::CLICK), Eq(EffectStrength::LIGHT)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    alwaysOnEnable(Eq(2), Eq(Effect::TICK), Eq(EffectStrength::MEDIUM)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    alwaysOnEnable(Eq(3), Eq(Effect::POP), Eq(EffectStrength::STRONG)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->alwaysOnEnable(1, Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    result = mWrapper->alwaysOnEnable(2, Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::MEDIUM);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+    result = mWrapper->alwaysOnEnable(3, Effect::POP, EffectStrength::STRONG);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestAlwaysOnDisable) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), alwaysOnDisable(Eq(1))).Times(Exactly(1));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), alwaysOnDisable(Eq(2)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), alwaysOnDisable(Eq(3)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->alwaysOnDisable(1).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->alwaysOnDisable(2).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->alwaysOnDisable(3).isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestGetCapabilitiesDoesNotCacheFailedResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getCapabilities(_))
+            .Times(Exactly(3))
+            .WillOnce(
+                    Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK), Return(Status())));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getCapabilities().isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getCapabilities().isFailed());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::ON_CALLBACK, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestGetCapabilitiesCachesResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getCapabilities(_))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK), Return(Status())));
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+            ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+            ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::ON_CALLBACK, result.value());
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::ON_CALLBACK, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestGetSupportedEffectsDoesNotCacheFailedResult) {
+    std::vector<Effect> supportedEffects;
+    supportedEffects.push_back(Effect::CLICK);
+    supportedEffects.push_back(Effect::TICK);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getSupportedEffects(_))
+            .Times(Exactly(3))
+            .WillOnce(
+                    Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(supportedEffects), Return(Status())));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getSupportedEffects().isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getSupportedEffects().isFailed());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getSupportedEffects();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(supportedEffects, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestGetSupportedEffectsCachesResult) {
+    std::vector<Effect> supportedEffects;
+    supportedEffects.push_back(Effect::CLICK);
+    supportedEffects.push_back(Effect::TICK);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getSupportedEffects(_))
+            .Times(Exactly(1))
+            .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(supportedEffects), Return(Status())));
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mWrapper->getSupportedEffects();
+            ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+            ASSERT_EQ(supportedEffects, result.value());
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getSupportedEffects();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(supportedEffects, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestPerformEffectWithCallbackSupport) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getCapabilities(_))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), perform(Eq(Effect::CLICK), Eq(EffectStrength::LIGHT), _, _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(1000), TriggerCallbackInArg2(), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), perform(Eq(Effect::POP), Eq(EffectStrength::MEDIUM), _, _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), perform(Eq(Effect::THUD), Eq(EffectStrength::STRONG), _, _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1000ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::POP, EffectStrength::MEDIUM, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+    // Callback not triggered on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestPerformEffectWithoutCallbackSupport) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), getCapabilities(_))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        DoAll(SetArgPointee<0>(IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), perform(Eq(Effect::CLICK), Eq(EffectStrength::LIGHT), _, _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<3>(10), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), perform(Eq(Effect::POP), Eq(EffectStrength::MEDIUM), _, _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), perform(Eq(Effect::THUD), Eq(EffectStrength::STRONG), _, _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::POP, EffectStrength::MEDIUM, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported and on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperAidlTest, TestPerformComposedEffect) {
+    std::vector<CompositeEffect> emptyEffects, singleEffect, multipleEffects;
+    singleEffect.push_back(
+            vibrator::TestFactory::createCompositeEffect(CompositePrimitive::CLICK, 10ms, 0.0f));
+    multipleEffects.push_back(
+            vibrator::TestFactory::createCompositeEffect(CompositePrimitive::SPIN, 100ms, 0.5f));
+    multipleEffects.push_back(
+            vibrator::TestFactory::createCompositeEffect(CompositePrimitive::THUD, 1000ms, 1.0f));
+
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), compose(Eq(emptyEffects), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(TriggerCallbackInArg1(), Return(Status())));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), compose(Eq(singleEffect), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(
+                        Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION)));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), compose(Eq(multipleEffects), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(Status::fromExceptionCode(Status::Exception::EX_SECURITY)));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->performComposedEffect(emptyEffects, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performComposedEffect(singleEffect, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performComposedEffect(multipleEffects, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+    // Callback not triggered on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb4059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test"
+
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h>
+
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+namespace V1_0 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0;
+
+using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositePrimitive;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIVibratorV1_0 : public V1_0::IVibrator {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, ping, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, on, (uint32_t timeoutMs), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, off, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<bool>, supportsAmplitudeControl, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, setAmplitude, (uint8_t amplitude), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform,
+                (V1_0::Effect effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb), (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_0>();
+        mMockScheduler = std::make_shared<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>>();
+        mWrapper = std::make_unique<vibrator::HidlHalWrapperV1_0>(mMockScheduler, mMockHal);
+        ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>> mMockScheduler = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<vibrator::HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_0>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestPing) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), ping())
+            .Times(Exactly(2))
+            .WillOnce([]() { return hardware::Return<void>(); })
+            .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->ping().isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->ping().isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestOn) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(static_cast<uint32_t>(1))))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](uint32_t) { return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::OK); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(1ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(static_cast<uint32_t>(10))))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](uint32_t) {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(static_cast<uint32_t>(11))))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](uint32_t) {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE);
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), on(Eq(static_cast<uint32_t>(12))))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](uint32_t) {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                });
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(1ms, callback).isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(10ms, callback).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(11ms, callback).isFailed());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->on(12ms, callback).isFailed());
+
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported and on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestOff) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), off())
+            .Times(Exactly(4))
+            .WillOnce([]() { return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::OK); })
+            .WillOnce([]() {
+                return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+            })
+            .WillOnce([]() { return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE); })
+            .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            });
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->off().isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->off().isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->off().isFailed());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->off().isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetAmplitude) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setAmplitude(static_cast<uint8_t>(1)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](uint8_t) { return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::OK); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setAmplitude(Eq(static_cast<uint8_t>(2))))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](uint8_t) {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setAmplitude(Eq(static_cast<uint8_t>(3))))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](uint8_t) {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE);
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setAmplitude(Eq(static_cast<uint8_t>(4))))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](uint8_t) {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                });
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setAmplitude(1).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setAmplitude(2).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setAmplitude(3).isFailed());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setAmplitude(4).isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestSetExternalControlUnsupported) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(true).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(false).isUnsupported());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestAlwaysOnEnableUnsupported) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->alwaysOnEnable(1, Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT).isUnsupported());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestAlwaysOnDisableUnsupported) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->alwaysOnDisable(1).isUnsupported());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestGetCapabilitiesDoesNotCacheFailedResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+            .Times(Exactly(2))
+            .WillOnce([]() {
+                return hardware::Return<bool>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+            })
+            .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(true); });
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getCapabilities().isFailed());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestGetCapabilitiesWithoutAmplitudeControl) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillRepeatedly([]() {
+        return hardware::Return<bool>(false);
+    });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::NONE, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestGetCapabilitiesCachesResult) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillRepeatedly([]() {
+        return hardware::Return<bool>(true);
+    });
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+            ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+            ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestGetSupportedEffectsUnsupported) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getSupportedEffects().isUnsupported());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestPerformEffect) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform(Eq(V1_0::Effect::CLICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_0::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_0::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform(Eq(V1_0::Effect::CLICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::MEDIUM), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_0::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_0::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform(Eq(V1_0::Effect::CLICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::STRONG), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(2))
+                .WillOnce([](V1_0::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_0::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE, 10);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                })
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_0::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_0::perform_cb) {
+                            return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                        });
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::MEDIUM, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported and on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestPerformEffectUnsupported) {
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    // Using TICK that is only available in v1.1
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+    // No callback is triggered.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_0Test, TestPerformComposedEffectUnsupported) {
+    std::vector<CompositeEffect> emptyEffects, singleEffect, multipleEffects;
+    singleEffect.push_back(
+            vibrator::TestFactory::createCompositeEffect(CompositePrimitive::CLICK, 10ms, 0.0f));
+    multipleEffects.push_back(
+            vibrator::TestFactory::createCompositeEffect(CompositePrimitive::SPIN, 100ms, 0.5f));
+    multipleEffects.push_back(
+            vibrator::TestFactory::createCompositeEffect(CompositePrimitive::THUD, 1000ms, 1.0f));
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->performComposedEffect(singleEffect, callback).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->performComposedEffect(multipleEffects, callback).isUnsupported());
+
+    // No callback is triggered.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d887efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test"
+
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h>
+
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+namespace V1_0 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0;
+namespace V1_1 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_1;
+
+using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIVibratorV1_1 : public V1_1::IVibrator {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, on, (uint32_t timeoutMs), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, off, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<bool>, supportsAmplitudeControl, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, setAmplitude, (uint8_t amplitude), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform,
+                (V1_0::Effect effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform_1_1,
+                (V1_1::Effect_1_1 effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb),
+                (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_1>();
+        mMockScheduler = std::make_shared<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>>();
+        mWrapper = std::make_unique<vibrator::HidlHalWrapperV1_1>(mMockScheduler, mMockHal);
+        ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>> mMockScheduler = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<vibrator::HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_1>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestPerformEffectV1_0) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform(Eq(V1_0::Effect::CLICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_0::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_1::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestPerformEffectV1_1) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_1(Eq(V1_1::Effect_1_1::TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](V1_1::Effect_1_1, V1_0::EffectStrength,
+                                   MockIVibratorV1_1::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_1(Eq(V1_1::Effect_1_1::TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::MEDIUM), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](V1_1::Effect_1_1, V1_0::EffectStrength,
+                                   MockIVibratorV1_1::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, 0);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_1(Eq(V1_1::Effect_1_1::TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::STRONG), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(2))
+                .WillOnce([](V1_1::Effect_1_1, V1_0::EffectStrength,
+                             MockIVibratorV1_1::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE, 0);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                })
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_1::Effect_1_1, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_1::perform_cb) {
+                            return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                        });
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::MEDIUM, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported and on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_1Test, TestPerformEffectUnsupported) {
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    // Using THUD that is only available in v1.2
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+    // No callback is triggered.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26d9350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test"
+
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h>
+
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+namespace V1_0 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0;
+namespace V1_1 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_1;
+namespace V1_2 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_2;
+
+using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIVibratorV1_2 : public V1_2::IVibrator {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, on, (uint32_t timeoutMs), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, off, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<bool>, supportsAmplitudeControl, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, setAmplitude, (uint8_t amplitude), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform,
+                (V1_0::Effect effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform_1_1,
+                (V1_1::Effect_1_1 effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform_1_2,
+                (V1_2::Effect effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb), (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_2>();
+        mMockScheduler = std::make_shared<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>>();
+        mWrapper = std::make_unique<vibrator::HidlHalWrapperV1_2>(mMockScheduler, mMockHal);
+        ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>> mMockScheduler = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<vibrator::HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_2>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test, TestPerformEffectV1_0) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform(Eq(V1_0::Effect::CLICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_0::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_2::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test, TestPerformEffectV1_1) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_1(Eq(V1_1::Effect_1_1::TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](V1_1::Effect_1_1, V1_0::EffectStrength,
+                                   MockIVibratorV1_2::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test, TestPerformEffectV1_2) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_2(Eq(V1_2::Effect::THUD), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_2::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_2::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_2(Eq(V1_2::Effect::THUD), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::MEDIUM), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_2::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_2::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_2(Eq(V1_2::Effect::THUD), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::STRONG), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(2))
+                .WillOnce([](V1_2::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_2::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE, 10);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                })
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_2::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_2::perform_cb) {
+                            return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                        });
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::MEDIUM, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported and on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_2Test, TestPerformEffectUnsupported) {
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    // Using TEXTURE_TICK that is only available in v1.3
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TEXTURE_TICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+    // No callback is triggered.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test.cpp b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5de6257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test"
+
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorCallbackScheduler.h>
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h>
+
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+namespace V1_0 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0;
+namespace V1_1 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_1;
+namespace V1_2 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_2;
+namespace V1_3 = android::hardware::vibrator::V1_3;
+
+using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace testing;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockIVibratorV1_3 : public V1_3::IVibrator {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, on, (uint32_t timeoutMs), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, off, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<bool>, supportsAmplitudeControl, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<bool>, supportsExternalControl, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, setAmplitude, (uint8_t amplitude), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>, setExternalControl, (bool enabled), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform,
+                (V1_0::Effect effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform_1_1,
+                (V1_1::Effect_1_1 effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform_1_2,
+                (V1_2::Effect effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(hardware::Return<void>, perform_1_3,
+                (V1_3::Effect effect, V1_0::EffectStrength strength, perform_cb cb), (override));
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mMockHal = new StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_3>();
+        mMockScheduler = std::make_shared<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>>();
+        mWrapper = std::make_unique<vibrator::HidlHalWrapperV1_3>(mMockScheduler, mMockHal);
+        ASSERT_NE(mWrapper, nullptr);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<StrictMock<vibrator::MockCallbackScheduler>> mMockScheduler = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<vibrator::HalWrapper> mWrapper = nullptr;
+    sp<StrictMock<MockIVibratorV1_3>> mMockHal = nullptr;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestSetExternalControl) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setExternalControl(Eq(true)))
+                .Times(Exactly(2))
+                .WillOnce([]() { return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::OK); })
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), setExternalControl(Eq(false)))
+                .Times(Exactly(2))
+                .WillOnce([]() { return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE); })
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                    return hardware::Return<V1_0::Status>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                });
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(true).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(true).isUnsupported());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(false).isFailed());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->setExternalControl(false).isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestGetCapabilitiesSuccessful) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(true); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillOnce([]() {
+            return hardware::Return<bool>(true);
+        });
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL | vibrator::Capabilities::EXTERNAL_CONTROL,
+              result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestGetCapabilitiesOnlyAmplitudeControl) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillOnce([]() {
+            return hardware::Return<bool>(true);
+        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillOnce([]() {
+            return hardware::Return<bool>(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestGetCapabilitiesOnlyExternalControl) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillOnce([]() {
+            return hardware::Return<bool>(false);
+        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillOnce([]() {
+            return hardware::Return<bool>(true);
+        });
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::EXTERNAL_CONTROL, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestGetCapabilitiesNone) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(false); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillOnce([]() {
+            return hardware::Return<bool>(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::NONE, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestGetCapabilitiesFailed) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                    return hardware::Return<bool>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                });
+
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(true); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                    return hardware::Return<bool>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                });
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getCapabilities().isFailed());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mWrapper->getCapabilities().isFailed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestGetCapabilitiesCachesResult) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(true); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl()).Times(Exactly(1)).WillOnce([]() {
+            return hardware::Return<bool>(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&]() {
+            auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+            ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+            ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+        }));
+    }
+    std::for_each(threads.begin(), threads.end(), [](std::thread& t) { t.join(); });
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestGetCapabilitiesDoesNotCacheFailedResult) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                    return hardware::Return<bool>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                });
+
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(true); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() {
+                    return hardware::Return<bool>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                });
+
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsAmplitudeControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(true); });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(), supportsExternalControl())
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([]() { return hardware::Return<bool>(false); });
+    }
+
+    // Call to supportsAmplitudeControl failed.
+    auto result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    // Call to supportsExternalControl failed.
+    result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    // Returns successful result from third call.
+    result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+
+    // Returns cached successful result.
+    result = mWrapper->getCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(vibrator::Capabilities::AMPLITUDE_CONTROL, result.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestPerformEffectV1_0) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform(Eq(V1_0::Effect::CLICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_0::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_3::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::CLICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestPerformEffectV1_1) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_1(Eq(V1_1::Effect_1_1::TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly([](V1_1::Effect_1_1, V1_0::EffectStrength,
+                                   MockIVibratorV1_3::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestPerformEffectV1_2) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_2(Eq(V1_2::Effect::THUD), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_2::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_3::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::THUD, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VibratorHalWrapperHidlV1_3Test, TestPerformEffectV1_3) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_3(Eq(V1_3::Effect::TEXTURE_TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::LIGHT), _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_3::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_3::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::OK, 10);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockScheduler.get(), schedule(_, Eq(10ms)))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(vibrator::TriggerSchedulerCallback());
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_3(Eq(V1_3::Effect::TEXTURE_TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::MEDIUM),
+                                _))
+                .Times(Exactly(1))
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_3::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_3::perform_cb cb) {
+                            cb(V1_0::Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, 0);
+                            return hardware::Return<void>();
+                        });
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mMockHal.get(),
+                    perform_1_3(Eq(V1_3::Effect::TEXTURE_TICK), Eq(V1_0::EffectStrength::STRONG),
+                                _))
+                .Times(Exactly(2))
+                .WillOnce([](V1_3::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_3::perform_cb cb) {
+                    cb(V1_0::Status::BAD_VALUE, 0);
+                    return hardware::Return<void>();
+                })
+                .WillRepeatedly(
+                        [](V1_3::Effect, V1_0::EffectStrength, MockIVibratorV1_3::perform_cb) {
+                            return hardware::Return<void>(hardware::Status::fromExceptionCode(-1));
+                        });
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<int32_t> callbackCounter = std::make_unique<int32_t>();
+    auto callback = vibrator::TestFactory::createCountingCallback(callbackCounter.get());
+
+    auto result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TEXTURE_TICK, EffectStrength::LIGHT, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(10ms, result.value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TEXTURE_TICK, EffectStrength::MEDIUM, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isUnsupported());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TEXTURE_TICK, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    result = mWrapper->performEffect(Effect::TEXTURE_TICK, EffectStrength::STRONG, callback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.isFailed());
+
+    // Callback not triggered for unsupported and on failure
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, *callbackCounter.get());
+}
diff --git a/services/vibratorservice/test/test_utils.h b/services/vibratorservice/test/test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d0b22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/vibratorservice/test/test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *            http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef VIBRATORSERVICE_UNITTEST_UTIL_H_
+#define VIBRATORSERVICE_UNITTEST_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <vibratorservice/VibratorHalWrapper.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace vibrator {
+
+using ::android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
+using ::android::hardware::vibrator::CompositePrimitive;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockCallbackScheduler : public vibrator::CallbackScheduler {
+public:
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, schedule, (std::function<void()> callback, std::chrono::milliseconds delay),
+                (override));
+};
+
+ACTION(TriggerSchedulerCallback) {
+    arg0();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestFactory {
+public:
+    static CompositeEffect createCompositeEffect(CompositePrimitive primitive,
+                                                 std::chrono::milliseconds delay, float scale) {
+        CompositeEffect effect;
+        effect.primitive = primitive;
+        effect.delayMs = delay.count();
+        effect.scale = scale;
+        return effect;
+    }
+
+    static std::function<void()> createCountingCallback(int32_t* counter) {
+        return [counter]() { *counter += 1; };
+    }
+
+private:
+    TestFactory() = delete;
+    ~TestFactory() = delete;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+} // namespace vibrator
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif // VIBRATORSERVICE_UNITTEST_UTIL_H_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
index dcaa663..9cf4905 100644
--- a/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
+++ b/services/vr/virtual_touchpad/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 ]
 
 header_libraries = [
+    "jni_headers",
     "libdvr_headers",
 ]
 
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
index 7bcb2c1..74ef0e7 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/driver.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
 }
 
 const std::array<const char*, 2> HAL_SUBNAME_KEY_PROPERTIES = {{
-    "ro.hardware." HWVULKAN_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
+    "ro.hardware.vulkan",
     "ro.board.platform",
 }};
 
diff --git a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
index d3ed88d..c7ff640 100644
--- a/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/vulkan/libvulkan/swapchain.cpp
@@ -970,7 +970,6 @@
                   strerror(-err), err);
         }
 
-        // TODO(b/143294545): Return something better than "whole window"
         pRects[0].offset.x = 0;
         pRects[0].offset.y = 0;
         pRects[0].extent = VkExtent2D{static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
diff --git a/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py b/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
index cf370fa..ef0719d 100644
--- a/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
+++ b/vulkan/scripts/generator_common.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as element_tree
 
 # Extensions unsupported on Android.
-_BLACKLISTED_EXTENSIONS = [
+_BLOCKED_EXTENSIONS = [
     'VK_EXT_acquire_xlib_display',
     'VK_EXT_direct_mode_display',
     'VK_EXT_display_control',
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
   if cmd not in extension_dict:
     return True
   else:
-    if extension_dict[cmd] not in _BLACKLISTED_EXTENSIONS:
+    if extension_dict[cmd] not in _BLOCKED_EXTENSIONS:
       return True
   return False