diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h
index 244f8ab..c15249d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/OutputLayer.h
@@ -73,8 +73,9 @@
     void writeOutputIndependentGeometryStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&,
                                                   bool skipLayer);
     void writeOutputDependentPerFrameStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*);
-    void writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&,
-                                                  bool skipLayer);
+    void writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(
+            HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&,
+            Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition compositionType, bool skipLayer);
     void writeSolidColorStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&);
     void writeSidebandStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&);
     void writeBufferStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer*, const LayerFECompositionState&, bool skipLayer);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
index cff6527..342e1a0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/include/compositionengine/impl/planner/Flattener.h
@@ -127,21 +127,22 @@
         class Builder {
         private:
             std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator mStart;
-            std::vector<size_t> mLengths;
+            int32_t mNumSets = 0;
             const CachedSet* mHolePunchCandidate = nullptr;
             const CachedSet* mBlurringLayer = nullptr;
+            bool mBuilt = false;
 
         public:
             // Initializes a Builder a CachedSet to start from.
             // This start iterator must be an iterator for mLayers
             void init(const std::vector<CachedSet>::const_iterator& start) {
                 mStart = start;
-                mLengths.push_back(start->getLayerCount());
+                mNumSets = 1;
             }
 
             // Appends a new CachedSet to the end of the run
             // The provided length must be the size of the next sequential CachedSet in layers
-            void append(size_t length) { mLengths.push_back(length); }
+            void increment() { mNumSets++; }
 
             // Sets the hole punch candidate for the Run.
             void setHolePunchCandidate(const CachedSet* holePunchCandidate) {
@@ -154,19 +155,36 @@
 
             // Builds a Run instance, if a valid Run may be built.
             std::optional<Run> validateAndBuild() {
-                if (mLengths.size() == 0) {
-                    return std::nullopt;
-                }
-                // Runs of length 1 which are hole punch candidates are allowed if the candidate is
-                // going to be used.
-                if (mLengths.size() == 1 &&
-                    (!mHolePunchCandidate || !(mHolePunchCandidate->requiresHolePunch()))) {
+                const bool built = mBuilt;
+                mBuilt = true;
+                if (mNumSets <= 0 || built) {
                     return std::nullopt;
                 }
 
+                const bool requiresHolePunch =
+                        mHolePunchCandidate && mHolePunchCandidate->requiresHolePunch();
+
+                if (!requiresHolePunch) {
+                    // If we don't require a hole punch, then treat solid color layers at the front
+                    // to be "cheap", so remove them from the candidate cached set.
+                    while (mNumSets > 1 && mStart->getLayerCount() == 1 &&
+                           mStart->getFirstLayer().getBuffer() == nullptr) {
+                        mStart++;
+                        mNumSets--;
+                    }
+
+                    // Only allow for single cached sets if a hole punch is required. If we're here,
+                    // then we don't require a hole punch, so don't build a run.
+                    if (mNumSets <= 1) {
+                        return std::nullopt;
+                    }
+                }
+
                 return Run(mStart,
-                           std::reduce(mLengths.cbegin(), mLengths.cend(), 0u,
-                                       [](size_t left, size_t right) { return left + right; }),
+                           std::reduce(mStart, mStart + mNumSets, 0u,
+                                       [](size_t length, const CachedSet& set) {
+                                           return length + set.getLayerCount();
+                                       }),
                            mHolePunchCandidate, mBlurringLayer);
             }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
index e958549..cf76183 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/OutputLayer.cpp
@@ -347,6 +347,10 @@
 
     auto requestedCompositionType = outputIndependentState->compositionType;
 
+    if (requestedCompositionType == hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR && state.overrideInfo.buffer) {
+        requestedCompositionType = hal::Composition::DEVICE;
+    }
+
     // TODO(b/181172795): We now update geometry for all flattened layers. We should update it
     // only when the geometry actually changes
     const bool isOverridden =
@@ -359,13 +363,15 @@
     }
 
     writeOutputDependentPerFrameStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get());
-    writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState, skipLayer);
+    writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState,
+                                             requestedCompositionType, skipLayer);
 
     writeCompositionTypeToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), requestedCompositionType, isPeekingThrough,
                               skipLayer);
 
-    // Always set the layer color after setting the composition type.
-    writeSolidColorStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState);
+    if (requestedCompositionType == hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR) {
+        writeSolidColorStateToHWC(hwcLayer.get(), *outputIndependentState);
+    }
 
     editState().hwc->stateOverridden = isOverridden;
     editState().hwc->layerSkipped = skipLayer;
@@ -477,7 +483,7 @@
 
 void OutputLayer::writeOutputIndependentPerFrameStateToHWC(
         HWC2::Layer* hwcLayer, const LayerFECompositionState& outputIndependentState,
-        bool skipLayer) {
+        hal::Composition compositionType, bool skipLayer) {
     switch (auto error = hwcLayer->setColorTransform(outputIndependentState.colorTransform)) {
         case hal::Error::NONE:
             break;
@@ -501,7 +507,7 @@
     }
 
     // Content-specific per-frame state
-    switch (outputIndependentState.compositionType) {
+    switch (compositionType) {
         case hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR:
             // For compatibility, should be written AFTER the composition type.
             break;
@@ -521,10 +527,6 @@
 
 void OutputLayer::writeSolidColorStateToHWC(HWC2::Layer* hwcLayer,
                                             const LayerFECompositionState& outputIndependentState) {
-    if (outputIndependentState.compositionType != hal::Composition::SOLID_COLOR) {
-        return;
-    }
-
     hal::Color color = {static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * outputIndependentState.color.r)),
                         static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * outputIndependentState.color.g)),
                         static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(255.0f * outputIndependentState.color.b)),
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
index 2272099..2d4cf7d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/src/planner/Flattener.cpp
@@ -416,18 +416,13 @@
         if (layerIsInactive && (firstLayer || runHasFirstLayer || !layerHasBlur) &&
             !currentSet->hasUnsupportedDataspace()) {
             if (isPartOfRun) {
-                builder.append(currentSet->getLayerCount());
+                builder.increment();
             } else {
-                // Runs can't start with a non-buffer layer
-                if (currentSet->getFirstLayer().getBuffer() == nullptr) {
-                    ALOGV("[%s] Skipping initial non-buffer layer", __func__);
-                } else {
-                    builder.init(currentSet);
-                    if (firstLayer) {
-                        runHasFirstLayer = true;
-                    }
-                    isPartOfRun = true;
+                builder.init(currentSet);
+                if (firstLayer) {
+                    runHasFirstLayer = true;
                 }
+                isPartOfRun = true;
             }
         } else if (isPartOfRun) {
             builder.setHolePunchCandidate(&(*currentSet));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
index fbc2089..31b131a 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/OutputLayerTest.cpp
@@ -1109,6 +1109,22 @@
                                  /*zIsOverridden*/ false, /*isPeekingThrough*/ false);
 }
 
+TEST_F(OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest, includesOverrideInfoForSolidColorIfPresent) {
+    mLayerFEState.compositionType = Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::SOLID_COLOR;
+    includeOverrideInfo();
+
+    expectGeometryCommonCalls(kOverrideDisplayFrame, kOverrideSourceCrop, kOverrideBufferTransform,
+                              kOverrideBlendMode, kOverrideAlpha);
+    expectPerFrameCommonCalls(SimulateUnsupported::None, kOverrideDataspace, kOverrideVisibleRegion,
+                              kOverrideSurfaceDamage);
+    expectSetHdrMetadataAndBufferCalls(kOverrideHwcSlot, kOverrideBuffer, kOverrideFence);
+    expectSetCompositionTypeCall(Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mLayerFE, hasRoundedCorners()).WillRepeatedly(Return(false));
+
+    mOutputLayer.writeStateToHWC(/*includeGeometry*/ true, /*skipLayer*/ false, 0,
+                                 /*zIsOverridden*/ false, /*isPeekingThrough*/ false);
+}
+
 TEST_F(OutputLayerWriteStateToHWCTest, previousOverriddenLayerSendsSurfaceDamage) {
     mLayerFEState.compositionType = Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE;
     mOutputLayer.editState().hwc->stateOverridden = true;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
index 9b0a75f..a4015b7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/CompositionEngine/tests/planner/FlattenerTest.cpp
@@ -746,6 +746,76 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, peekThroughLayer1);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_holePunchSingleColorLayer) {
+    mTestLayers[0]->outputLayerCompositionState.displayFrame = Rect(0, 0, 5, 5);
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.color = half4(255.f, 0.f, 0.f, 255.f);
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.buffer = nullptr;
+
+    // An opaque static background
+    auto& layerState0 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer0 = layerState0->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    // a rounded updating layer
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer1 = layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mTestLayers[1]->layerFE, hasRoundedCorners()).WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
+
+    std::vector<LayerFE::LayerSettings> clientCompositionList = {
+            LayerFE::LayerSettings{},
+    };
+    clientCompositionList[0].source.buffer.buffer = std::make_shared<
+            renderengine::ExternalTexture>(mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.buffer,
+                                           mRenderEngine,
+                                           renderengine::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mTestLayers[1]->layerFE, prepareClientCompositionList(_))
+            .WillOnce(Return(clientCompositionList));
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState0.get(),
+            layerState1.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    // layer 1 satisfies every condition in CachedSet::requiresHolePunch()
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    layerState1->resetFramesSinceBufferUpdate(); // it is updating
+
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    // Expect no cache invalidation the first time (there's no cache yet)
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+
+    // This will render a CachedSet of layer 0. Though it is just one layer, it satisfies the
+    // exception that there would be a hole punch above it.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer0);
+
+    // This time we merge the CachedSet in and we should still have only two sets.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer0); // got overridden
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1); // did not
+
+    // expect 0's peek though layer to be 1's output layer
+    const auto* peekThroughLayer0 =
+            layerState0->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.peekThroughLayer;
+    const auto* peekThroughLayer1 =
+            layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.peekThroughLayer;
+    EXPECT_EQ(&mTestLayers[1]->outputLayer, peekThroughLayer0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, peekThroughLayer1);
+}
+
 TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_flattensBlurBehindRunIfFirstRun) {
     auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
 
@@ -1191,5 +1261,61 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FlattenerTest, flattenLayers_skipsColorLayers) {
+    auto& layerState1 = mTestLayers[0]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer1 = layerState1->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    auto& layerState2 = mTestLayers[1]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer2 = layerState2->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    auto& layerState3 = mTestLayers[2]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer3 = layerState3->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+    auto& layerState4 = mTestLayers[3]->layerState;
+    const auto& overrideBuffer4 = layerState4->getOutputLayer()->getState().overrideInfo.buffer;
+
+    // Rewrite the first two layers to just be a solid color.
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.color = half4(255.f, 0.f, 0.f, 255.f);
+    mTestLayers[0]->layerFECompositionState.buffer = nullptr;
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.color = half4(0.f, 255.f, 0.f, 255.f);
+    mTestLayers[1]->layerFECompositionState.buffer = nullptr;
+
+    const std::vector<const LayerState*> layers = {
+            layerState1.get(),
+            layerState2.get(),
+            layerState3.get(),
+            layerState4.get(),
+    };
+
+    initializeFlattener(layers);
+
+    mTime += 200ms;
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+
+    // This will render a CachedSet.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _))
+            .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(
+                    futureOf<renderengine::RenderEngineResult>({NO_ERROR, base::unique_fd()}))));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    // We've rendered a CachedSet, but we haven't merged it in.
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer4);
+
+    // This time we merge the CachedSet in, so we have a new hash, and we should
+    // only have two sets.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mRenderEngine, drawLayers(_, _, _, _, _)).Times(0);
+    initializeOverrideBuffer(layers);
+    EXPECT_NE(getNonBufferHash(layers),
+              mFlattener->flattenLayers(layers, getNonBufferHash(layers), mTime));
+    mFlattener->renderCachedSets(mOutputState, std::nullopt);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, overrideBuffer2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(overrideBuffer3, overrideBuffer4);
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, overrideBuffer4);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 } // namespace android::compositionengine