Add + enforce new DeviceConfig permissions.

Adds these new permissions, and grants them to `adb`:
- `ALLOWLISTED_WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG`
- `READ_WRITE_SYNC_DISABLED_MODE_CONFIG`

Uses `ALLOWLISTED_WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG` to restrict writing flags to
DeviceConfig unless they are explicitly allowlisted.

Revokes `WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG` from `adb`, and grants it
`ALLOWLISTED_WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG`.

Bug: 251818659
Test: m
Change-Id: I0d6784a9437e0b0344f47d13dab0f838f63eaded
diff --git a/packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/SettingsProvider.java b/packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/SettingsProvider.java
index 7abace03..104d6e7 100644
--- a/packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/SettingsProvider.java
+++ b/packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/SettingsProvider.java
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@
             Slog.v(LOG_TAG, "setAllConfigSettings for prefix: " + prefix);
         }
 
-        enforceWritePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+        enforceDeviceConfigWritePermission(getContext(), keyValues.keySet());
         final String callingPackage = resolveCallingPackage();
 
         synchronized (mLock) {
@@ -1194,7 +1194,8 @@
             Slog.v(LOG_TAG, "setSyncDisabledModeConfig(" + syncDisabledMode + ")");
         }
 
-        enforceWritePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+        enforceHasAtLeastOnePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                Manifest.permission.READ_WRITE_SYNC_DISABLED_MODE_CONFIG);
 
         synchronized (mLock) {
             setSyncDisabledModeConfigLocked(syncDisabledMode);
@@ -1206,7 +1207,8 @@
             Slog.v(LOG_TAG, "getSyncDisabledModeConfig");
         }
 
-        enforceWritePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+        enforceHasAtLeastOnePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                Manifest.permission.READ_WRITE_SYNC_DISABLED_MODE_CONFIG);
 
         synchronized (mLock) {
             return getSyncDisabledModeConfigLocked();
@@ -1291,13 +1293,14 @@
 
     private boolean mutateConfigSetting(String name, String value, String prefix,
             boolean makeDefault, int operation, int mode) {
-        enforceWritePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG);
         final String callingPackage = resolveCallingPackage();
         boolean someSettingChanged = false;
         // Perform the mutation.
         synchronized (mLock) {
             switch (operation) {
                 case MUTATION_OPERATION_INSERT: {
+                    enforceDeviceConfigWritePermission(getContext(), Collections.singleton(name));
+
                     someSettingChanged = mSettingsRegistry.insertSettingLocked(SETTINGS_TYPE_CONFIG,
                             UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, name, value, null, makeDefault, true,
                             callingPackage, false, null,
@@ -1306,12 +1309,17 @@
                 }
 
                 case MUTATION_OPERATION_DELETE: {
+                    enforceDeviceConfigWritePermission(getContext(), Collections.singleton(name));
+
                     someSettingChanged = mSettingsRegistry.deleteSettingLocked(SETTINGS_TYPE_CONFIG,
                             UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, name, false, null);
                     break;
                 }
 
                 case MUTATION_OPERATION_RESET: {
+                    enforceDeviceConfigWritePermission(getContext(),
+                            getAllConfigFlags(prefix).keySet());
+
                     someSettingChanged = mSettingsRegistry.resetSettingsLocked(SETTINGS_TYPE_CONFIG,
                             UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, callingPackage, mode, null, prefix);
                     break;
@@ -1475,7 +1483,7 @@
             boolean makeDefault, int requestingUserId, int operation, boolean forceNotify,
             int mode, boolean overrideableByRestore) {
         // Make sure the caller can change the settings - treated as secure.
-        enforceWritePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS);
+        enforceHasAtLeastOnePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS);
 
         // Resolve the userId on whose behalf the call is made.
         final int callingUserId = resolveCallingUserIdEnforcingPermissionsLocked(requestingUserId);
@@ -1772,7 +1780,7 @@
             boolean makeDefault, int requestingUserId, int operation, boolean forceNotify,
             int mode, boolean overrideableByRestore) {
         // Make sure the caller can change the settings.
-        enforceWritePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS);
+        enforceHasAtLeastOnePermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS);
 
         // Resolve the userId on whose behalf the call is made.
         final int callingUserId = resolveCallingUserIdEnforcingPermissionsLocked(requestingUserId);
@@ -2305,11 +2313,57 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void enforceWritePermission(String permission) {
-        if (getContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission)
-                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-            throw new SecurityException("Permission denial: writing to settings requires:"
-                    + permission);
+    private void enforceHasAtLeastOnePermission(String ...permissions) {
+        for (String permission : permissions) {
+            if (getContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission)
+                    == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new SecurityException("Permission denial, must have one of: "
+            + Arrays.toString(permissions));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws an exception if write permissions are not granted for {@code flags}.
+     * <p>
+     * Write permissions are granted if the calling UID is root, or the
+     * WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG permission is granted, or the WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG_ALLOWLIST
+     * permission is granted and each flag in {@code flags} is allowlisted in {@code
+     * WRITABLE_FLAG_ALLOWLIST_FLAG}.
+     *
+     * @param context the {@link Context} this is called in
+     * @param flags a list of flags to check, each one of the form 'namespace/flagName'
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException if the above criteria are not met.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private void enforceDeviceConfigWritePermission(
+            @NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Set<String> flags) {
+        boolean hasAllowlistPermission =
+                context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.ALLOWLISTED_WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG)
+                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+        boolean hasWritePermission =
+                context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG)
+                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+        boolean isRoot = Binder.getCallingUid() == Process.ROOT_UID;
+
+        if (isRoot || hasWritePermission) {
+            return;
+        } else if (hasAllowlistPermission) {
+            for (String flag : flags) {
+                if (!DeviceConfig.getAdbWritableFlags().contains(flag)) {
+                    throw new SecurityException("Permission denial for flag '"
+                        + flag
+                        + "'; allowlist permission granted, but must add flag to the allowlist.");
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new SecurityException("Permission denial to mutate flag, must have root, "
+                + "WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, or ALLOWLISTED_WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/Shell/AndroidManifest.xml b/packages/Shell/AndroidManifest.xml
index 0664061..1a8fc0d 100644
--- a/packages/Shell/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/packages/Shell/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -147,7 +147,8 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.LOCATION_BYPASS" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ALLOWLISTED_WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_WRITE_SYNC_DISABLED_MODE_CONFIG" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MONITOR_DEVICE_CONFIG_ACCESS" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_ACCESSIBILITY" />