diff --git a/AconfigFlags.bp b/AconfigFlags.bp
index 45f6570..e0745fa 100644
--- a/AconfigFlags.bp
+++ b/AconfigFlags.bp
@@ -121,6 +121,18 @@
     srcs: ["core/java/android/nfc/*.aconfig"],
 }
 
+cc_aconfig_library {
+    name: "android_nfc_flags_aconfig_c_lib",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    aconfig_declarations: "android.nfc.flags-aconfig",
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.nfcservices",
+        "nfc_nci.st21nfc.default",
+    ],
+    defaults: ["framework-minus-apex-aconfig-java-defaults"],
+}
+
 java_aconfig_library {
     name: "android.nfc.flags-aconfig-java",
     aconfig_declarations: "android.nfc.flags-aconfig",
diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 1fb50b6..1aa297f 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -396,6 +396,7 @@
         "soundtrigger_middleware-aidl-java",
         "modules-utils-binary-xml",
         "modules-utils-build",
+        "modules-utils-fastxmlserializer",
         "modules-utils-preconditions",
         "modules-utils-statemachine",
         "modules-utils-synchronous-result-receiver",
diff --git a/INPUT_OWNERS b/INPUT_OWNERS
index e02ba77..44b2f38 100644
--- a/INPUT_OWNERS
+++ b/INPUT_OWNERS
@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@
 prabirmsp@google.com
 svv@google.com
 vdevmurari@google.com
+
+per-file Virtual*=file:/services/companion/java/com/android/server/companion/virtual/OWNERS
diff --git a/apex/jobscheduler/service/Android.bp b/apex/jobscheduler/service/Android.bp
index a4a0b4b..83ad736 100644
--- a/apex/jobscheduler/service/Android.bp
+++ b/apex/jobscheduler/service/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
         "unsupportedappusage",
     ],
 
+    static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-fastxmlserializer",
+    ],
+
     // Rename classes shared with the framework
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
 
diff --git a/api/Android.bp b/api/Android.bp
index 15b10a6..bd2b11a 100644
--- a/api/Android.bp
+++ b/api/Android.bp
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@
         "framework-configinfrastructure",
         "framework-connectivity",
         "framework-connectivity-t",
-        "framework-crashrecovery",
         "framework-devicelock",
         "framework-graphics",
         "framework-healthfitness",
@@ -106,7 +105,6 @@
     system_server_classpath: [
         "service-art",
         "service-configinfrastructure",
-        "service-crashrecovery",
         "service-healthfitness",
         "service-media-s",
         "service-permission",
diff --git a/boot/Android.bp b/boot/Android.bp
index b33fab6..8a3d35e 100644
--- a/boot/Android.bp
+++ b/boot/Android.bp
@@ -84,10 +84,6 @@
             module: "com.android.conscrypt-bootclasspath-fragment",
         },
         {
-            apex: "com.android.crashrecovery",
-            module: "com.android.crashrecovery-bootclasspath-fragment",
-        },
-        {
             apex: "com.android.devicelock",
             module: "com.android.devicelock-bootclasspath-fragment",
         },
diff --git a/core/api/current.txt b/core/api/current.txt
index c9cba00..e392bd3 100644
--- a/core/api/current.txt
+++ b/core/api/current.txt
@@ -29105,14 +29105,17 @@
   }
 
   public final class NfcAdapter {
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_observe_mode") public boolean allowTransaction();
     method public void disableForegroundDispatch(android.app.Activity);
     method public void disableReaderMode(android.app.Activity);
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_observe_mode") public boolean disallowTransaction();
     method public void enableForegroundDispatch(android.app.Activity, android.app.PendingIntent, android.content.IntentFilter[], String[][]);
     method public void enableReaderMode(android.app.Activity, android.nfc.NfcAdapter.ReaderCallback, int, android.os.Bundle);
     method public static android.nfc.NfcAdapter getDefaultAdapter(android.content.Context);
     method @Nullable public android.nfc.NfcAntennaInfo getNfcAntennaInfo();
     method public boolean ignore(android.nfc.Tag, int, android.nfc.NfcAdapter.OnTagRemovedListener, android.os.Handler);
     method public boolean isEnabled();
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_observe_mode") public boolean isObserveModeSupported();
     method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_reader_option") public boolean isReaderOptionEnabled();
     method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_reader_option") public boolean isReaderOptionSupported();
     method public boolean isSecureNfcEnabled();
@@ -29220,6 +29223,7 @@
     method public boolean removeAidsForService(android.content.ComponentName, String);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NFC) public boolean setOffHostForService(@NonNull android.content.ComponentName, @NonNull String);
     method public boolean setPreferredService(android.app.Activity, android.content.ComponentName);
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_observe_mode") public boolean setServiceObserveModeDefault(@NonNull android.content.ComponentName, boolean);
     method public boolean supportsAidPrefixRegistration();
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NFC) public boolean unsetOffHostForService(@NonNull android.content.ComponentName);
     method public boolean unsetPreferredService(android.app.Activity);
@@ -29239,9 +29243,20 @@
     method public final android.os.IBinder onBind(android.content.Intent);
     method public abstract void onDeactivated(int);
     method public abstract byte[] processCommandApdu(byte[], android.os.Bundle);
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public void processPollingFrames(@NonNull java.util.List<android.os.Bundle>);
     method public final void sendResponseApdu(byte[]);
     field public static final int DEACTIVATION_DESELECTED = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int DEACTIVATION_LINK_LOSS = 0; // 0x0
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final String POLLING_LOOP_DATA_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.DATA";
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final String POLLING_LOOP_GAIN_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.GAIN";
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final String POLLING_LOOP_TIMESTAMP_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.TIMESTAMP";
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_A = 65; // 0x0041 'A'
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_B = 66; // 0x0042 'B'
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_F = 70; // 0x0046 'F'
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final String POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.TYPE";
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_OFF = 88; // 0x0058 'X'
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_ON = 79; // 0x004f 'O'
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.nfc_read_polling_loop") public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 85; // 0x0055 'U'
     field public static final String SERVICE_INTERFACE = "android.nfc.cardemulation.action.HOST_APDU_SERVICE";
     field public static final String SERVICE_META_DATA = "android.nfc.cardemulation.host_apdu_service";
   }
diff --git a/core/java/Android.bp b/core/java/Android.bp
index 26b7581..b6789aa 100644
--- a/core/java/Android.bp
+++ b/core/java/Android.bp
@@ -226,7 +226,6 @@
         "com/android/internal/util/ConcurrentUtils.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/DumpUtils.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/FastPrintWriter.java",
-        "com/android/internal/util/FastXmlSerializer.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/FunctionalUtils.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/ParseUtils.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/RingBufferIndices.java",
@@ -455,7 +454,6 @@
         "com/android/internal/util/AsyncChannel.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/AsyncService.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/BitwiseInputStream.java",
-        "com/android/internal/util/FastXmlSerializer.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/HexDump.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/IndentingPrintWriter.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/UserIcons.java",
@@ -505,7 +503,6 @@
         "android/net/InterfaceConfiguration.java",
         "android/util/BackupUtils.java",
         "android/util/Rational.java",
-        "com/android/internal/util/FastXmlSerializer.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/HexDump.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/MessageUtils.java",
         "com/android/internal/util/WakeupMessage.java",
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/SystemServiceRegistry.java b/core/java/android/app/SystemServiceRegistry.java
index 4f5da99..325758b 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/SystemServiceRegistry.java
+++ b/core/java/android/app/SystemServiceRegistry.java
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
 import android.hardware.lights.LightsManager;
 import android.hardware.lights.SystemLightsManager;
 import android.hardware.location.ContextHubManager;
+import android.hardware.location.IContextHubService;
 import android.hardware.radio.RadioManager;
 import android.hardware.usb.IUsbManager;
 import android.hardware.usb.UsbManager;
@@ -1125,8 +1126,12 @@
                 new CachedServiceFetcher<ContextHubManager>() {
             @Override
             public ContextHubManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
-                return new ContextHubManager(ctx.getOuterContext(),
-                  ctx.mMainThread.getHandler().getLooper());
+                IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.CONTEXTHUB_SERVICE);
+                if (b == null) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                return new ContextHubManager(IContextHubService.Stub.asInterface(b),
+                        ctx.mMainThread.getHandler().getLooper());
             }});
 
         registerService(Context.INCIDENT_SERVICE, IncidentManager.class,
diff --git a/core/java/android/hardware/location/ContextHubManager.java b/core/java/android/hardware/location/ContextHubManager.java
index 01ce7b9..481ec72 100644
--- a/core/java/android/hardware/location/ContextHubManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/hardware/location/ContextHubManager.java
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
  */
 package android.hardware.location;
 
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
 import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -1111,12 +1113,12 @@
         }
     };
 
-    /** @throws ServiceNotFoundException
-     * @hide */
-    public ContextHubManager(Context context, Looper mainLooper) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
+    /** @hide */
+    public ContextHubManager(@NonNull IContextHubService service, @NonNull Looper mainLooper) {
+        requireNonNull(service, "service cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(mainLooper, "mainLooper cannot be null");
+        mService = service;
         mMainLooper = mainLooper;
-        mService = IContextHubService.Stub.asInterface(
-                ServiceManager.getServiceOrThrow(Context.CONTEXTHUB_SERVICE));
         try {
             mService.registerCallback(mClientCallback);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/INetworkManagementEventObserver.aidl b/core/java/android/net/INetworkManagementEventObserver.aidl
index 0a6be20..eda80c8 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/INetworkManagementEventObserver.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/net/INetworkManagementEventObserver.aidl
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@
     /**
      * Interface data activity status is changed.
      *
-     * @param transportType The transport type of the data activity change.
+     * @param label label of the data activity change.
      * @param active  True if the interface is actively transmitting data, false if it is idle.
      * @param tsNanos Elapsed realtime in nanos when the state of the network interface changed.
      * @param uid Uid of this event. It represents the uid that was responsible for waking the
      *            radio. For those events that are reported by system itself, not from specific uid,
      *            use -1 for the events which means no uid.
      */
-    void interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(int transportType, boolean active, long tsNanos, int uid);
+    void interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(int label, boolean active, long tsNanos, int uid);
 
     /**
      * Information about available DNS servers has been received.
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl
index 0c95c2e..f6beec1 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcAdapter.aidl
@@ -84,4 +84,6 @@
     boolean isReaderOptionSupported();
     @JavaPassthrough(annotation="@android.annotation.RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS)")
     boolean enableReaderOption(boolean enable);
+    boolean isObserveModeSupported();
+    boolean setObserveMode(boolean enabled);
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl
index c7b3b2c..191385a 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     boolean isDefaultServiceForAid(int userHandle, in ComponentName service, String aid);
     boolean setDefaultServiceForCategory(int userHandle, in ComponentName service, String category);
     boolean setDefaultForNextTap(int userHandle, in ComponentName service);
+    boolean setServiceObserveModeDefault(int userId, in android.content.ComponentName service, boolean enable);
     boolean registerAidGroupForService(int userHandle, in ComponentName service, in AidGroup aidGroup);
     boolean setOffHostForService(int userHandle, in ComponentName service, in String offHostSecureElement);
     boolean unsetOffHostForService(int userHandle, in ComponentName service);
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
index c897595..98a980f 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
@@ -1081,6 +1081,61 @@
         }
     }
 
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the device supports observer mode or not. When observe
+     * mode is enabled, the NFC hardware will listen for NFC readers, but not
+     * respond to them. When observe mode is disabled, the NFC hardware will
+     * resoond to the reader and proceed with the transaction.
+     * @return true if the mode is supported, false otherwise.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NFC_OBSERVE_MODE)
+    public boolean isObserveModeSupported() {
+        try {
+            return sService.isObserveModeSupported();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+   /**
+    * Disables observe mode to allow the transaction to proceed. See
+    * {@link #isObserveModeSupported()} for a description of observe mode and
+    * use {@link #disallowTransaction()} to enable observe mode and block
+    * transactions again.
+    *
+    * @return boolean indicating success or failure.
+    */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NFC_OBSERVE_MODE)
+    public boolean allowTransaction() {
+        try {
+            return sService.setObserveMode(false);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Signals that the transaction has completed and observe mode may be
+    * reenabled. See {@link #isObserveModeSupported()} for a description of
+    * observe mode and use {@link #allowTransaction()} to disable observe
+    * mode and allow transactions to proceed.
+    *
+    * @return boolean indicating success or failure.
+    */
+
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NFC_OBSERVE_MODE)
+    public boolean disallowTransaction() {
+        try {
+            return sService.setObserveMode(true);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            attemptDeadServiceRecovery(e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Resumes default polling for the current device state if polling is paused. Calling
      * this while polling is not paused is a no-op.
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java
index d048b59..58b6179 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java
@@ -328,6 +328,24 @@
             return SELECTION_MODE_ASK_IF_CONFLICT;
         }
     }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the system should default to observe mode or not when
+     * the service is in the foreground or the default payment service.
+     *
+     * @param service The component name of the service
+     * @param enable Whether the servic should default to observe mode or not
+     * @return whether the change was successful.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NFC_OBSERVE_MODE)
+    public boolean setServiceObserveModeDefault(@NonNull ComponentName service, boolean enable) {
+        try {
+            return sService.setServiceObserveModeDefault(mContext.getUser().getIdentifier(),
+                    service, enable);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to reach CardEmulationService.");
+        }
+        return  false;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Registers a list of AIDs for a specific category for the
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/HostApduService.java b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/HostApduService.java
index 55d0e73..7cd2533 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/HostApduService.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/HostApduService.java
@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@
 
 package android.nfc.cardemulation;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
 import android.app.Service;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -29,6 +32,9 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
 /**
  * <p>HostApduService is a convenience {@link Service} class that can be
  * extended to emulate an NFC card inside an Android
@@ -230,9 +236,99 @@
     /**
      * @hide
      */
+    public static final int MSG_POLLING_LOOP = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final String KEY_DATA = "data";
 
     /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_KEY is the Bundle key for the type of
+     * polling loop frame in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final String POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.TYPE";
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_A is the value associated with the key
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE  in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the polling loop is for NFC-A.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_A = 'A';
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_B is the value associated with the key
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE  in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the polling loop is for NFC-B.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_B = 'B';
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_F is the value associated with the key
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE  in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the polling loop is for NFC-F.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_F = 'F';
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_ON is the value associated with the key
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE  in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the polling loop turns on.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_ON = 'O';
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_OFF is the value associated with the key
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE  in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the polling loop turns off.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_OFF = 'X';
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_UNKNOWN is the value associated with the key
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TYPE  in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the polling loop frame isn't recognized.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final char POLLING_LOOP_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 'U';
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_DATA is the Bundle key for the raw data of captured from
+     * the polling loop frame in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the frame type isn't recognized.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final String POLLING_LOOP_DATA_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.DATA";
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_GAIN_KEY is the Bundle key for the field strength of
+     * the polling loop frame in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the frame type isn't recognized.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final String POLLING_LOOP_GAIN_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.GAIN";
+
+    /**
+     * POLLING_LOOP_TIMESTAMP_KEY is the Bundle key for the timestamp of
+     * the polling loop frame in the Bundle passed to {@link #processPollingFrames(List)}
+     * when the frame type isn't recognized.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public static final String POLLING_LOOP_TIMESTAMP_KEY = "android.nfc.cardemulation.TIMESTAMP";
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String POLLING_LOOP_FRAMES_BUNDLE_KEY =
+            "android.nfc.cardemulation.POLLING_FRAMES";
+
+    /**
      * Messenger interface to NfcService for sending responses.
      * Only accessed on main thread by the message handler.
      *
@@ -255,6 +351,7 @@
 
                 byte[] apdu = dataBundle.getByteArray(KEY_DATA);
                 if (apdu != null) {
+                        HostApduService has = HostApduService.this;
                     byte[] responseApdu = processCommandApdu(apdu, null);
                     if (responseApdu != null) {
                         if (mNfcService == null) {
@@ -306,6 +403,12 @@
                     Log.e(TAG, "RemoteException calling into NfcService.");
                 }
                 break;
+                case MSG_POLLING_LOOP:
+                    ArrayList<Bundle> frames =
+                            msg.getData().getParcelableArrayList(POLLING_LOOP_FRAMES_BUNDLE_KEY,
+                            Bundle.class);
+                    processPollingFrames(frames);
+                    break;
             default:
                 super.handleMessage(msg);
             }
@@ -366,6 +469,21 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * This method is called when a polling frame has been received from a
+     * remote device. If the device is in observe mode, the service should
+     * call {@link NfcAdapter#allowTransaction()} once it is ready to proceed
+     * with the transaction. If the device is not in observe mode, the service
+     * can use this polling frame information to determine how to proceed if it
+     * subsequently has {@link #processCommandApdu(byte[], Bundle)} called. The
+     * service must override this method inorder to receive polling frames,
+     * otherwise the base implementation drops the frame.
+     *
+     * @param frame A description of the polling frame.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(android.nfc.Flags.FLAG_NFC_READ_POLLING_LOOP)
+    public void processPollingFrames(@NonNull List<Bundle> frame) {
+    }
 
     /**
      * <p>This method will be called when a command APDU has been received
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/flags.aconfig b/core/java/android/nfc/flags.aconfig
index cd50ace..17e0427 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/flags.aconfig
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/flags.aconfig
@@ -20,3 +20,31 @@
     description: "Flag for NFC user restriction"
     bug: "291187960"
 }
+
+flag {
+    name: "nfc_observe_mode"
+    namespace: "nfc"
+    description: "Enable NFC Observe Mode"
+    bug: "294217286"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "nfc_read_polling_loop"
+    namespace: "nfc"
+    description: "Enable NFC Polling Loop Notifications"
+    bug: "294217286"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "nfc_observe_mode_st_shim"
+    namespace: "nfc"
+    description: "Enable NFC Observe Mode ST shim"
+    bug: "294217286"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "nfc_read_polling_loop_st_shim"
+    namespace: "nfc"
+    description: "Enable NFC Polling Loop Notifications ST shim"
+    bug: "294217286"
+}
diff --git a/core/java/android/os/DeadObjectException.java b/core/java/android/os/DeadObjectException.java
index e06b0f9..65ed618 100644
--- a/core/java/android/os/DeadObjectException.java
+++ b/core/java/android/os/DeadObjectException.java
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 
 /**
  * The object you are calling has died, because its hosting process
- * no longer exists.
+ * no longer exists. This is also thrown for low-level binder
+ * errors.
  */
 public class DeadObjectException extends RemoteException {
     public DeadObjectException() {
diff --git a/core/java/android/os/DeadSystemRuntimeException.java b/core/java/android/os/DeadSystemRuntimeException.java
index 1e86924..82b1ad8 100644
--- a/core/java/android/os/DeadSystemRuntimeException.java
+++ b/core/java/android/os/DeadSystemRuntimeException.java
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@
 
 /**
  * Exception thrown when a call into system_server resulted in a
- * DeadObjectException, meaning that the system_server has died.  There's
- * nothing apps can do at this point - the system will automatically restart -
- * so there's no point in catching this.
+ * DeadObjectException, meaning that the system_server has died or
+ * experienced a low-level binder error.  There's * nothing apps can
+ * do at this point - the system will automatically restart - so
+ * there's no point in catching this.
  *
  * @hide
  */
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FastXmlSerializer.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FastXmlSerializer.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 929c9e8..0000000
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FastXmlSerializer.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,424 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.internal.util;
-
-import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
-
-import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.OutputStream;
-import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
-import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
-import java.io.Writer;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.CharBuffer;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
-import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
-import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
-import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
-import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
-
-/**
- * This is a quick and dirty implementation of XmlSerializer that isn't horribly
- * painfully slow like the normal one.  It only does what is needed for the
- * specific XML files being written with it.
- */
-public class FastXmlSerializer implements XmlSerializer {
-    private static final String ESCAPE_TABLE[] = new String[] {
-        "&#0;",   "&#1;",   "&#2;",   "&#3;",  "&#4;",    "&#5;",   "&#6;",  "&#7;",  // 0-7
-        "&#8;",   "&#9;",   "&#10;",  "&#11;", "&#12;",   "&#13;",  "&#14;", "&#15;", // 8-15
-        "&#16;",  "&#17;",  "&#18;",  "&#19;", "&#20;",   "&#21;",  "&#22;", "&#23;", // 16-23
-        "&#24;",  "&#25;",  "&#26;",  "&#27;", "&#28;",   "&#29;",  "&#30;", "&#31;", // 24-31
-        null,     null,     "&quot;", null,     null,     null,     "&amp;",  null,   // 32-39
-        null,     null,     null,     null,     null,     null,     null,     null,   // 40-47
-        null,     null,     null,     null,     null,     null,     null,     null,   // 48-55
-        null,     null,     null,     null,     "&lt;",   null,     "&gt;",   null,   // 56-63
-    };
-
-    private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_LEN = 32*1024;
-
-    private static String sSpace = "                                                              ";
-
-    private final int mBufferLen;
-    private final char[] mText;
-    private int mPos;
-
-    private Writer mWriter;
-
-    private OutputStream mOutputStream;
-    private CharsetEncoder mCharset;
-    private ByteBuffer mBytes;
-
-    private boolean mIndent = false;
-    private boolean mInTag;
-
-    private int mNesting = 0;
-    private boolean mLineStart = true;
-
-    @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    public FastXmlSerializer() {
-        this(DEFAULT_BUFFER_LEN);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Allocate a FastXmlSerializer with the given internal output buffer size.  If the
-     * size is zero or negative, then the default buffer size will be used.
-     *
-     * @param bufferSize Size in bytes of the in-memory output buffer that the writer will use.
-     */
-    public FastXmlSerializer(int bufferSize) {
-        mBufferLen = (bufferSize > 0) ? bufferSize : DEFAULT_BUFFER_LEN;
-        mText = new char[mBufferLen];
-        mBytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(mBufferLen);
-    }
-
-    private void append(char c) throws IOException {
-        int pos = mPos;
-        if (pos >= (mBufferLen-1)) {
-            flush();
-            pos = mPos;
-        }
-        mText[pos] = c;
-        mPos = pos+1;
-    }
-
-    private void append(String str, int i, final int length) throws IOException {
-        if (length > mBufferLen) {
-            final int end = i + length;
-            while (i < end) {
-                int next = i + mBufferLen;
-                append(str, i, next<end ? mBufferLen : (end-i));
-                i = next;
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-        int pos = mPos;
-        if ((pos+length) > mBufferLen) {
-            flush();
-            pos = mPos;
-        }
-        str.getChars(i, i+length, mText, pos);
-        mPos = pos + length;
-    }
-
-    private void append(char[] buf, int i, final int length) throws IOException {
-        if (length > mBufferLen) {
-            final int end = i + length;
-            while (i < end) {
-                int next = i + mBufferLen;
-                append(buf, i, next<end ? mBufferLen : (end-i));
-                i = next;
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-        int pos = mPos;
-        if ((pos+length) > mBufferLen) {
-            flush();
-            pos = mPos;
-        }
-        System.arraycopy(buf, i, mText, pos, length);
-        mPos = pos + length;
-    }
-
-    private void append(String str) throws IOException {
-        append(str, 0, str.length());
-    }
-
-    private void appendIndent(int indent) throws IOException {
-        indent *= 4;
-        if (indent > sSpace.length()) {
-            indent = sSpace.length();
-        }
-        append(sSpace, 0, indent);
-    }
-
-    private void escapeAndAppendString(final String string) throws IOException {
-        final int N = string.length();
-        final char NE = (char)ESCAPE_TABLE.length;
-        final String[] escapes = ESCAPE_TABLE;
-        int lastPos = 0;
-        int pos;
-        for (pos=0; pos<N; pos++) {
-            char c = string.charAt(pos);
-            if (c >= NE) continue;
-            String escape = escapes[c];
-            if (escape == null) continue;
-            if (lastPos < pos) append(string, lastPos, pos-lastPos);
-            lastPos = pos + 1;
-            append(escape);
-        }
-        if (lastPos < pos) append(string, lastPos, pos-lastPos);
-    }
-
-    private void escapeAndAppendString(char[] buf, int start, int len) throws IOException {
-        final char NE = (char)ESCAPE_TABLE.length;
-        final String[] escapes = ESCAPE_TABLE;
-        int end = start+len;
-        int lastPos = start;
-        int pos;
-        for (pos=start; pos<end; pos++) {
-            char c = buf[pos];
-            if (c >= NE) continue;
-            String escape = escapes[c];
-            if (escape == null) continue;
-            if (lastPos < pos) append(buf, lastPos, pos-lastPos);
-            lastPos = pos + 1;
-            append(escape);
-        }
-        if (lastPos < pos) append(buf, lastPos, pos-lastPos);
-    }
-
-    public XmlSerializer attribute(String namespace, String name, String value) throws IOException,
-            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        append(' ');
-        if (namespace != null) {
-            append(namespace);
-            append(':');
-        }
-        append(name);
-        append("=\"");
-
-        escapeAndAppendString(value);
-        append('"');
-        mLineStart = false;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public void cdsect(String text) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void comment(String text) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void docdecl(String text) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void endDocument() throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        flush();
-    }
-
-    public XmlSerializer endTag(String namespace, String name) throws IOException,
-            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        mNesting--;
-        if (mInTag) {
-            append(" />\n");
-        } else {
-            if (mIndent && mLineStart) {
-                appendIndent(mNesting);
-            }
-            append("</");
-            if (namespace != null) {
-                append(namespace);
-                append(':');
-            }
-            append(name);
-            append(">\n");
-        }
-        mLineStart = true;
-        mInTag = false;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public void entityRef(String text) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    private void flushBytes() throws IOException {
-        int position;
-        if ((position = mBytes.position()) > 0) {
-            mBytes.flip();
-            mOutputStream.write(mBytes.array(), 0, position);
-            mBytes.clear();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void flush() throws IOException {
-        //Log.i("PackageManager", "flush mPos=" + mPos);
-        if (mPos > 0) {
-            if (mOutputStream != null) {
-                CharBuffer charBuffer = CharBuffer.wrap(mText, 0, mPos);
-                CoderResult result = mCharset.encode(charBuffer, mBytes, true);
-                while (true) {
-                    if (result.isError()) {
-                        throw new IOException(result.toString());
-                    } else if (result.isOverflow()) {
-                        flushBytes();
-                        result = mCharset.encode(charBuffer, mBytes, true);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-                flushBytes();
-                mOutputStream.flush();
-            } else {
-                mWriter.write(mText, 0, mPos);
-                mWriter.flush();
-            }
-            mPos = 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public int getDepth() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public boolean getFeature(String name) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public String getName() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public String getNamespace() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public String getPrefix(String namespace, boolean generatePrefix)
-            throws IllegalArgumentException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public Object getProperty(String name) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void ignorableWhitespace(String text) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void processingInstruction(String text) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void setFeature(String name, boolean state) throws IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        if (name.equals("http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/features.html#indent-output")) {
-            mIndent = true;
-            return;
-        }
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void setOutput(OutputStream os, String encoding) throws IOException,
-            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        if (os == null)
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-        if (true) {
-            try {
-                mCharset = Charset.forName(encoding).newEncoder()
-                        .onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE)
-                        .onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE);
-            } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException e) {
-                throw (UnsupportedEncodingException) (new UnsupportedEncodingException(
-                        encoding).initCause(e));
-            } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
-                throw (UnsupportedEncodingException) (new UnsupportedEncodingException(
-                        encoding).initCause(e));
-            }
-            mOutputStream = os;
-        } else {
-            setOutput(
-                encoding == null
-                    ? new OutputStreamWriter(os)
-                    : new OutputStreamWriter(os, encoding));
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void setOutput(Writer writer) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        mWriter = writer;
-    }
-
-    public void setPrefix(String prefix, String namespace) throws IOException,
-            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void setProperty(String name, Object value) throws IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    public void startDocument(String encoding, Boolean standalone) throws IOException,
-            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        append("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'");
-        if (standalone != null) {
-            append(" standalone='" + (standalone ? "yes" : "no") + "'");
-        }
-        append(" ?>\n");
-        mLineStart = true;
-    }
-
-    public XmlSerializer startTag(String namespace, String name) throws IOException,
-            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        if (mInTag) {
-            append(">\n");
-        }
-        if (mIndent) {
-            appendIndent(mNesting);
-        }
-        mNesting++;
-        append('<');
-        if (namespace != null) {
-            append(namespace);
-            append(':');
-        }
-        append(name);
-        mInTag = true;
-        mLineStart = false;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public XmlSerializer text(char[] buf, int start, int len) throws IOException,
-            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException {
-        if (mInTag) {
-            append(">");
-            mInTag = false;
-        }
-        escapeAndAppendString(buf, start, len);
-        if (mIndent) {
-            mLineStart = buf[start+len-1] == '\n';
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public XmlSerializer text(String text) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException,
-            IllegalStateException {
-        if (mInTag) {
-            append(">");
-            mInTag = false;
-        }
-        escapeAndAppendString(text);
-        if (mIndent) {
-            mLineStart = text.length() > 0 && (text.charAt(text.length()-1) == '\n');
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-
-}
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/server/net/BaseNetworkObserver.java b/core/java/com/android/server/net/BaseNetworkObserver.java
index 139b88b..61e017d 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/server/net/BaseNetworkObserver.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/server/net/BaseNetworkObserver.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(int transportType, boolean active, long tsNanos,
+    public void interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(int label, boolean active, long tsNanos,
             int uid) {
         // default no-op
     }
diff --git a/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp b/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp
index b1dab85..f9d00ed 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp
@@ -212,14 +212,11 @@
             return (jint) AUDIORECORD_ERROR_SETUP_INVALIDFORMAT;
         }
 
-        size_t bytesPerSample = audio_bytes_per_sample(format);
-
         if (buffSizeInBytes == 0) {
             ALOGE("Error creating AudioRecord: frameCount is 0.");
             return (jint) AUDIORECORD_ERROR_SETUP_ZEROFRAMECOUNT;
         }
-        size_t frameSize = channelCount * bytesPerSample;
-        size_t frameCount = buffSizeInBytes / frameSize;
+        size_t frameCount = buffSizeInBytes / audio_bytes_per_frame(channelCount, format);
 
         // create an uninitialized AudioRecord object
         Parcel* parcel = parcelForJavaObject(env, jAttributionSource);
@@ -574,7 +571,7 @@
     if (result != NO_ERROR) {
         return -1;
     }
-    return frameCount * channelCount * audio_bytes_per_sample(format);
+    return frameCount * audio_bytes_per_frame(channelCount, format);
 }
 
 static jboolean android_media_AudioRecord_setInputDevice(
diff --git a/core/res/res/values/attrs.xml b/core/res/res/values/attrs.xml
index 6f7bc53..3413282 100644
--- a/core/res/res/values/attrs.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/values/attrs.xml
@@ -4303,6 +4303,9 @@
         <!-- Whether the device must be screen on before routing data to this service.
              The default is true.-->
         <attr name="requireDeviceScreenOn" format="boolean"/>
+        <!-- Whether the device should default to observe mode when this service is
+             default or in the foreground. -->
+        <attr name="defaultToObserveMode" format="boolean"/>
     </declare-styleable>
 
     <!-- Use <code>offhost-apdu-service</code> as the root tag of the XML resource that
@@ -4327,6 +4330,9 @@
         <!-- Whether the device must be screen on before routing data to this service.
              The default is false.-->
         <attr name="requireDeviceScreenOn"/>
+        <!-- Whether the device should default to observe mode when this service is
+             default or in the foreground. -->
+        <attr name="defaultToObserveMode"/>
     </declare-styleable>
 
     <!-- Specify one or more <code>aid-group</code> elements inside a
diff --git a/core/res/res/xml/sms_short_codes.xml b/core/res/res/xml/sms_short_codes.xml
index 709646b..3a2e50a 100644
--- a/core/res/res/xml/sms_short_codes.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/xml/sms_short_codes.xml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
          http://smscoin.net/software/engine/WordPress/Paid+SMS-registration/ -->
 
     <!-- Arab Emirates -->
-    <shortcode country="ae" pattern="\\d{1,5}" free="1017|1355|3214|6253" />
+    <shortcode country="ae" pattern="\\d{1,5}" free="1017|1355|3214" />
 
     <!-- Albania: 5 digits, known short codes listed -->
     <shortcode country="al" pattern="\\d{5}" premium="15191|55[56]00" />
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
     <shortcode country="ie" pattern="\\d{5}" premium="5[3-9]\\d{3}" free="50\\d{3}|116\\d{3}" standard="5[12]\\d{3}" />
 
     <!-- Israel: 4 digits, known premium codes listed -->
-    <shortcode country="il" pattern="\\d{1,5}" premium="4422|4545"  free="37477" />
+    <shortcode country="il" pattern="\\d{4}" premium="4422|4545" />
 
     <!-- Italy: 5 digits (premium=41xxx,42xxx), plus EU:
          https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/02/02/T020200006B0001PDFE.pdf -->
@@ -198,9 +198,6 @@
     <!-- Malaysia: 5 digits: http://www.skmm.gov.my/attachment/Consumer_Regulation/Mobile_Content_Services_FAQs.pdf -->
     <shortcode country="my" pattern="\\d{5}" premium="32298|33776" free="22099|28288|66668" />
 
-    <!-- Namibia: 5 digits -->
-    <shortcode country="na" pattern="\\d{1,5}" free="40005" />
-
     <!-- The Netherlands, 4 digits, known premium codes listed, plus EU -->
     <shortcode country="nl" pattern="\\d{4}" premium="4466|5040" free="116\\d{3}|2223|6225|2223|1662" />
 
diff --git a/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java b/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java
index 7faa13c..447d3bb 100644
--- a/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java
+++ b/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java
@@ -1176,6 +1176,7 @@
             case AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_FLOAT:
             case AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT:
             case AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_8BIT:
+            case AudioFormat.ENCODING_E_AC3_JOC:
                 mAudioFormat = audioFormat;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -1188,20 +1189,12 @@
 
 
     // Convenience method for the contructor's audio buffer size check.
-    // preconditions:
-    //    mChannelCount is valid
-    //    mAudioFormat is AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_8BIT, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT,
-    //                 or AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_FLOAT
     // postcondition:
     //    mNativeBufferSizeInBytes is valid (multiple of frame size, positive)
     private void audioBuffSizeCheck(int audioBufferSize) throws IllegalArgumentException {
-        // NB: this section is only valid with PCM data.
-        // To update when supporting compressed formats
-        int frameSizeInBytes = mChannelCount
-            * (AudioFormat.getBytesPerSample(mAudioFormat));
-        if ((audioBufferSize % frameSizeInBytes != 0) || (audioBufferSize < 1)) {
+        if ((audioBufferSize % getFormat().getFrameSizeInBytes() != 0) || (audioBufferSize < 1)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid audio buffer size " + audioBufferSize
-                    + " (frame size " + frameSizeInBytes + ")");
+                    + " (frame size " + getFormat().getFrameSizeInBytes() + ")");
         }
 
         mNativeBufferSizeInBytes = audioBufferSize;
diff --git a/services/companion/java/com/android/server/companion/virtual/OWNERS b/services/companion/java/com/android/server/companion/virtual/OWNERS
index 83143a4..5295ec8 100644
--- a/services/companion/java/com/android/server/companion/virtual/OWNERS
+++ b/services/companion/java/com/android/server/companion/virtual/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Bug component: 1171888
+
 set noparent
 
 ogunwale@google.com
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java
index dc6f858..7dac241 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package com.android.server.am;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.BATTERY_STATS;
-import static android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.DEVICE_POWER;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.POWER_SAVER;
@@ -103,6 +102,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.FrameworkStatsLog;
 import com.android.internal.util.ParseUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.function.pooled.PooledLambda;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
 import com.android.server.LocalServices;
 import com.android.server.Watchdog;
@@ -426,7 +426,12 @@
                 ServiceManager.getService(Context.NETWORKMANAGEMENT_SERVICE));
         final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
         try {
-            nms.registerObserver(mActivityChangeObserver);
+            if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                // On V+ devices, ConnectivityService calls BatteryStats API to update
+                // RadioPowerState change. So BatteryStatsService registers the callback only on
+                // pre V devices.
+                nms.registerObserver(mActivityChangeObserver);
+            }
             cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(mNetworkCallback);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Slog.e(TAG, "Could not register INetworkManagement event observer " + e);
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java
index 550ad5d..681d1a0 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.DumpUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
-import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.server.FgThread;
@@ -328,10 +327,10 @@
     /**
      * Notify our observers of a change in the data activity state of the interface
      */
-    private void notifyInterfaceClassActivity(int type, boolean isActive, long tsNanos,
+    private void notifyInterfaceClassActivity(int label, boolean isActive, long tsNanos,
             int uid) {
         invokeForAllObservers(o -> o.interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(
-                type, isActive, tsNanos, uid));
+                label, isActive, tsNanos, uid));
     }
 
     // Sync the state of the given chain with the native daemon.
@@ -1062,7 +1061,7 @@
             }
             Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "setDataSaverModeEnabled");
             try {
-                if (Flags.setDataSaverViaCm()) {
+                if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
                     // setDataSaverEnabled throws if it fails to set data saver.
                     mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class)
                             .setDataSaverEnabled(enable);
diff --git a/services/proguard.flags b/services/proguard.flags
index e11e613..84f2a52 100644
--- a/services/proguard.flags
+++ b/services/proguard.flags
@@ -14,13 +14,20 @@
 }
 
 # APIs referenced by dependent JAR files and modules
--keep @interface android.annotation.SystemApi
+# TODO(b/300514883): Pull @SystemApi keep rules from system-api.pro.
+-keep interface android.annotation.SystemApi
 -keep @android.annotation.SystemApi class * {
   public protected *;
 }
 -keepclasseswithmembers class * {
   @android.annotation.SystemApi *;
 }
+# Also ensure nested classes are kept. This is overly conservative, but handles
+# cases where such classes aren't explicitly marked @SystemApi.
+-if @android.annotation.SystemApi class *
+-keep public class <1>$** {
+  public protected *;
+}
 
 # Derivatives of SystemService and other services created via reflection
 -keep,allowoptimization,allowaccessmodification class * extends com.android.server.SystemService {
@@ -38,10 +45,6 @@
    public static void write(...);
 }
 
-# Binder interfaces
--keep,allowoptimization,allowaccessmodification class * extends android.os.IInterface
--keep,allowoptimization,allowaccessmodification class * extends android.os.IHwInterface
-
 # Various classes subclassed in or referenced via JNI in ethernet-service
 -keep public class android.net.** { *; }
 -keep,allowoptimization,allowaccessmodification class com.android.net.module.util.* { *; }
diff --git a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
index 2cdfbff..13dc120 100644
--- a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
+++ b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats;
-import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
         verify(mCm).addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(TEST_UID);
 
         mNMService.setDataSaverModeEnabled(true);
-        if (Flags.setDataSaverViaCm()) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
             verify(mCm).setDataSaverEnabled(true);
         } else {
             verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(true);
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@
         mNMService.setUidOnMeteredNetworkAllowlist(TEST_UID, false);
         verify(mCm).removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(TEST_UID);
         mNMService.setDataSaverModeEnabled(false);
-        if (Flags.setDataSaverViaCm()) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
             verify(mCm).setDataSaverEnabled(false);
         } else {
             verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(false);
diff --git a/telephony/OWNERS b/telephony/OWNERS
index 3158ad8..287aa65 100644
--- a/telephony/OWNERS
+++ b/telephony/OWNERS
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
 tgunn@google.com
 huiwang@google.com
 jayachandranc@google.com
-chinmayd@google.com
 amruthr@google.com
 sasindran@google.com
 
 # Requiring TL ownership for new carrier config keys.
 per-file CarrierConfigManager.java=set noparent
 per-file CarrierConfigManager.java=amruthr@google.com,tgunn@google.com,rgreenwalt@google.com,satk@google.com
+
+#Domain Selection is jointly owned, add additional owners for domain selection specific files
+per-file TransportSelectorCallback.java,WwanSelectorCallback.java,DomainSelectionService.java,DomainSelectionService.aidl,DomainSelector.java,EmergencyRegResult.java,EmergencyRegResult.aidl,IDomainSelectionServiceController.aidl,IDomainSelector.aidl,ITransportSelectorCallback.aidl,ITransportSelectorResultCallback.aidl,IWwanSelectorCallback.aidl,IWwanSelectorResultCallback.aidl=hwangoo@google.com,forestchoi@google.com,avinashmp@google.com,mkoon@google.com,seheele@google.com,radhikaagrawal@google.com
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/Android.bp b/tools/aapt2/Android.bp
index ed3e1ac..40cba3e 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/Android.bp
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@
         "io/Util.cpp",
         "io/ZipArchive.cpp",
         "link/AutoVersioner.cpp",
+        "link/FeatureFlagsFilter.cpp",
         "link/ManifestFixer.cpp",
         "link/NoDefaultResourceRemover.cpp",
         "link/PrivateAttributeMover.cpp",
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp
index f00be36..1fb5cc0 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp
@@ -2513,6 +2513,28 @@
     }
   }
 
+  // Parse the feature flag values. An argument that starts with '@' points to a file to read flag
+  // values from.
+  std::vector<std::string> all_feature_flags_args;
+  for (const std::string& arg : feature_flags_args_) {
+    if (util::StartsWith(arg, "@")) {
+      const std::string path = arg.substr(1, arg.size() - 1);
+      std::string error;
+      if (!file::AppendArgsFromFile(path, &all_feature_flags_args, &error)) {
+        context.GetDiagnostics()->Error(android::DiagMessage(path) << error);
+        return 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      all_feature_flags_args.push_back(arg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const std::string& arg : all_feature_flags_args) {
+    if (ParseFeatureFlagsParameter(arg, context.GetDiagnostics(), &options_.feature_flag_values)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
   if (context.GetPackageType() != PackageType::kStaticLib && stable_id_file_path_) {
     if (!LoadStableIdMap(context.GetDiagnostics(), stable_id_file_path_.value(),
         &options_.stable_id_map)) {
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.h b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.h
index a08f385..26713fd 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.h
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.h
@@ -17,11 +17,17 @@
 #ifndef AAPT2_LINK_H
 #define AAPT2_LINK_H
 
+#include <optional>
 #include <regex>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "Command.h"
 #include "Resource.h"
 #include "androidfw/IDiagnostics.h"
+#include "cmd/Util.h"
 #include "format/binary/TableFlattener.h"
 #include "format/proto/ProtoSerialize.h"
 #include "link/ManifestFixer.h"
@@ -72,6 +78,7 @@
   bool use_sparse_encoding = false;
   std::unordered_set<std::string> extensions_to_not_compress;
   std::optional<std::regex> regex_to_not_compress;
+  FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values;
 
   // Static lib options.
   bool no_static_lib_packages = false;
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.cpp b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.cpp
index a92f24b..678d846 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.cpp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.cpp
@@ -113,6 +113,56 @@
   return std::move(filter);
 }
 
+bool ParseFeatureFlagsParameter(StringPiece arg, android::IDiagnostics* diag,
+                                FeatureFlagValues* out_feature_flag_values) {
+  if (arg.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  for (StringPiece flag_and_value : util::Tokenize(arg, ',')) {
+    std::vector<std::string> parts = util::Split(flag_and_value, '=');
+    if (parts.empty()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (parts.size() > 2) {
+      diag->Error(android::DiagMessage()
+                  << "Invalid feature flag and optional value '" << flag_and_value
+                  << "'. Must be in the format 'flag_name[=true|false]");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    StringPiece flag_name = util::TrimWhitespace(parts[0]);
+    if (flag_name.empty()) {
+      diag->Error(android::DiagMessage() << "No name given for one or more flags in: " << arg);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<bool> flag_value = {};
+    if (parts.size() == 2) {
+      StringPiece str_flag_value = util::TrimWhitespace(parts[1]);
+      if (!str_flag_value.empty()) {
+        flag_value = ResourceUtils::ParseBool(parts[1]);
+        if (!flag_value.has_value()) {
+          diag->Error(android::DiagMessage() << "Invalid value for feature flag '" << flag_and_value
+                                             << "'. Value must be 'true' or 'false'");
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (auto [it, inserted] =
+            out_feature_flag_values->try_emplace(std::string(flag_name), flag_value);
+        !inserted) {
+      // We are allowing the same flag to appear multiple times, last value wins.
+      diag->Note(android::DiagMessage()
+                 << "Value for feature flag '" << flag_name << "' was given more than once");
+      it->second = flag_value;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 // Adjust the SplitConstraints so that their SDK version is stripped if it
 // is less than or equal to the minSdk. Otherwise the resources that have had
 // their SDK version stripped due to minSdk won't ever match.
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.h b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.h
index 712c07b..9ece5dd 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.h
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util.h
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@
 #ifndef AAPT_SPLIT_UTIL_H
 #define AAPT_SPLIT_UTIL_H
 
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <regex>
 #include <set>
+#include <string>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "AppInfo.h"
@@ -32,6 +37,8 @@
 
 namespace aapt {
 
+using FeatureFlagValues = std::map<std::string, std::optional<bool>, std::less<>>;
+
 // Parses a configuration density (ex. hdpi, xxhdpi, 234dpi, anydpi, etc).
 // Returns Nothing and logs a human friendly error message if the string was not legal.
 std::optional<uint16_t> ParseTargetDensityParameter(android::StringPiece arg,
@@ -48,6 +55,13 @@
 std::unique_ptr<IConfigFilter> ParseConfigFilterParameters(const std::vector<std::string>& args,
                                                            android::IDiagnostics* diag);
 
+// Parses a feature flags parameter, which can contain one or more pairs of flag names and optional
+// values, and fills in `out_feature_flag_values` with the parsed values. The pairs in the argument
+// are separated by ',' and the name is separated from the value by '=' if there is a value given.
+// Example arg: "flag1=true,flag2=false,flag3=,flag4" where flag3 and flag4 have no given value.
+bool ParseFeatureFlagsParameter(android::StringPiece arg, android::IDiagnostics* diag,
+                                FeatureFlagValues* out_feature_flag_values);
+
 // Adjust the SplitConstraints so that their SDK version is stripped if it
 // is less than or equal to the min_sdk. Otherwise the resources that have had
 // their SDK version stripped due to min_sdk won't ever match.
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util_test.cpp b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util_test.cpp
index 139bfbc..723d87e 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util_test.cpp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Util_test.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "util/Files.h"
 
 using ::android::ConfigDescription;
+using testing::Pair;
 using testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
 
 namespace aapt {
@@ -354,6 +355,51 @@
   EXPECT_CONFIG_EQ(constraints, expected_configuration);
 }
 
+TEST(UtilTest, ParseFeatureFlagsParameter_Empty) {
+  auto diagnostics = test::ContextBuilder().Build()->GetDiagnostics();
+  FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseFeatureFlagsParameter("", diagnostics, &feature_flag_values));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(feature_flag_values.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(UtilTest, ParseFeatureFlagsParameter_TooManyParts) {
+  auto diagnostics = test::ContextBuilder().Build()->GetDiagnostics();
+  FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseFeatureFlagsParameter("foo=bar=baz", diagnostics, &feature_flag_values));
+}
+
+TEST(UtilTest, ParseFeatureFlagsParameter_NoNameGiven) {
+  auto diagnostics = test::ContextBuilder().Build()->GetDiagnostics();
+  FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseFeatureFlagsParameter("foo=true,=false", diagnostics, &feature_flag_values));
+}
+
+TEST(UtilTest, ParseFeatureFlagsParameter_InvalidValue) {
+  auto diagnostics = test::ContextBuilder().Build()->GetDiagnostics();
+  FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseFeatureFlagsParameter("foo=true,bar=42", diagnostics, &feature_flag_values));
+}
+
+TEST(UtilTest, ParseFeatureFlagsParameter_DuplicateFlag) {
+  auto diagnostics = test::ContextBuilder().Build()->GetDiagnostics();
+  FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      ParseFeatureFlagsParameter("foo=true,bar=true,foo=false", diagnostics, &feature_flag_values));
+  EXPECT_THAT(feature_flag_values, UnorderedElementsAre(Pair("foo", std::optional<bool>(false)),
+                                                        Pair("bar", std::optional<bool>(true))));
+}
+
+TEST(UtilTest, ParseFeatureFlagsParameter_Valid) {
+  auto diagnostics = test::ContextBuilder().Build()->GetDiagnostics();
+  FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseFeatureFlagsParameter("foo= true, bar =FALSE,baz=, quux", diagnostics,
+                                         &feature_flag_values));
+  EXPECT_THAT(feature_flag_values,
+              UnorderedElementsAre(Pair("foo", std::optional<bool>(true)),
+                                   Pair("bar", std::optional<bool>(false)),
+                                   Pair("baz", std::nullopt), Pair("quux", std::nullopt)));
+}
+
 TEST (UtilTest, AdjustSplitConstraintsForMinSdk) {
   std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
 
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter.cpp b/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdf3f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "link/FeatureFlagsFilter.h"
+
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "androidfw/IDiagnostics.h"
+#include "androidfw/Source.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+#include "xml/XmlDom.h"
+#include "xml/XmlUtil.h"
+
+using ::aapt::xml::Element;
+using ::aapt::xml::Node;
+using ::aapt::xml::NodeCast;
+
+namespace aapt {
+
+class FlagsVisitor : public xml::Visitor {
+ public:
+  explicit FlagsVisitor(android::IDiagnostics* diagnostics,
+                        const FeatureFlagValues& feature_flag_values,
+                        const FeatureFlagsFilterOptions& options)
+      : diagnostics_(diagnostics), feature_flag_values_(feature_flag_values), options_(options) {
+  }
+
+  void Visit(xml::Element* node) override {
+    std::erase_if(node->children,
+                  [this](std::unique_ptr<xml::Node>& node) { return ShouldRemove(node); });
+    VisitChildren(node);
+  }
+
+  bool HasError() const {
+    return has_error_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool ShouldRemove(std::unique_ptr<xml::Node>& node) {
+    if (const auto* el = NodeCast<Element>(node.get())) {
+      auto* attr = el->FindAttribute(xml::kSchemaAndroid, "featureFlag");
+      if (attr == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      bool negated = false;
+      std::string_view flag_name = util::TrimWhitespace(attr->value);
+      if (flag_name.starts_with('!')) {
+        negated = true;
+        flag_name = flag_name.substr(1);
+      }
+
+      if (auto it = feature_flag_values_.find(std::string(flag_name));
+          it != feature_flag_values_.end()) {
+        if (it->second.has_value()) {
+          if (options_.remove_disabled_elements) {
+            // Remove if flag==true && attr=="!flag" (negated) OR flag==false && attr=="flag"
+            return *it->second == negated;
+          }
+        } else if (options_.flags_must_have_value) {
+          diagnostics_->Error(android::DiagMessage(node->line_number)
+                              << "attribute 'android:featureFlag' has flag '" << flag_name
+                              << "' without a true/false value from --feature_flags parameter");
+          has_error_ = true;
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else if (options_.fail_on_unrecognized_flags) {
+        diagnostics_->Error(android::DiagMessage(node->line_number)
+                            << "attribute 'android:featureFlag' has flag '" << flag_name
+                            << "' not found in flags from --feature_flags parameter");
+        has_error_ = true;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  android::IDiagnostics* diagnostics_;
+  const FeatureFlagValues& feature_flag_values_;
+  const FeatureFlagsFilterOptions& options_;
+  bool has_error_ = false;
+};
+
+bool FeatureFlagsFilter::Consume(IAaptContext* context, xml::XmlResource* doc) {
+  FlagsVisitor visitor(context->GetDiagnostics(), feature_flag_values_, options_);
+  doc->root->Accept(&visitor);
+  return !visitor.HasError();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aapt
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter.h b/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d342a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "cmd/Util.h"
+#include "process/IResourceTableConsumer.h"
+
+namespace aapt {
+
+struct FeatureFlagsFilterOptions {
+  // If true, elements whose featureFlag values are false (i.e., disabled feature) will be removed.
+  bool remove_disabled_elements = true;
+
+  // If true, `Consume()` will return false (error) if a flag was found that is not in
+  // `feature_flag_values`.
+  bool fail_on_unrecognized_flags = true;
+
+  // If true, `Consume()` will return false (error) if a flag was found whose value in
+  // `feature_flag_values` is not defined (std::nullopt).
+  bool flags_must_have_value = true;
+};
+
+// Looks for the `android:featureFlag` attribute in each XML element, validates the flag names and
+// values, and removes elements according to the values in `feature_flag_values`. An element will be
+// removed if the flag's given value is FALSE. A "!" before the flag name in the attribute indicates
+// a boolean NOT operation, i.e., an element will be removed if the flag's given value is TRUE. For
+// example, if the XML is the following:
+//
+//   <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+//     <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="!flag"
+//                 android:protectionLevel="normal" />
+//     <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="flag"
+//                 android:protectionLevel="dangerous" />
+//   </manifest>
+//
+// If `feature_flag_values` contains {"flag", true}, then the <permission> element with
+// protectionLevel="normal" will be removed, and the <permission> element with
+// protectionLevel="normal" will be kept.
+//
+// The `Consume()` function will return false if there is an invalid flag found (see
+// FeatureFlagsFilterOptions for customizing the filter's validation behavior). Do not use the XML
+// further if there are errors as there may be elements removed already.
+class FeatureFlagsFilter : public IXmlResourceConsumer {
+ public:
+  explicit FeatureFlagsFilter(FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values,
+                              FeatureFlagsFilterOptions options)
+      : feature_flag_values_(std::move(feature_flag_values)), options_(options) {
+  }
+
+  bool Consume(IAaptContext* context, xml::XmlResource* doc) override;
+
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(FeatureFlagsFilter);
+
+  const FeatureFlagValues feature_flag_values_;
+  const FeatureFlagsFilterOptions options_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aapt
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter_test.cpp b/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53086cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aapt2/link/FeatureFlagsFilter_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "link/FeatureFlagsFilter.h"
+
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "test/Test.h"
+
+using ::testing::IsNull;
+using ::testing::NotNull;
+
+namespace aapt {
+
+// Returns null if there was an error from FeatureFlagsFilter.
+std::unique_ptr<xml::XmlResource> VerifyWithOptions(std::string_view str,
+                                                    const FeatureFlagValues& feature_flag_values,
+                                                    const FeatureFlagsFilterOptions& options) {
+  std::unique_ptr<xml::XmlResource> doc = test::BuildXmlDom(str);
+  FeatureFlagsFilter filter(feature_flag_values, options);
+  if (filter.Consume(test::ContextBuilder().Build().get(), doc.get())) {
+    return doc;
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
+// Returns null if there was an error from FeatureFlagsFilter.
+std::unique_ptr<xml::XmlResource> Verify(std::string_view str,
+                                         const FeatureFlagValues& feature_flag_values) {
+  return VerifyWithOptions(str, feature_flag_values, {});
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, NoFeatureFlagAttributes) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", false}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = root->FindChild({}, "permission");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, NotNull());
+}
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, RemoveElementWithDisabledFlag) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="flag" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", false}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = root->FindChild({}, "permission");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, RemoveElementWithNegatedEnabledFlag) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="!flag" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", true}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = root->FindChild({}, "permission");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, KeepElementWithEnabledFlag) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="flag" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", true}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = root->FindChild({}, "permission");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, NotNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, SideBySideEnabledAndDisabled) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="!flag"
+                  android:protectionLevel="normal" />
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="flag"
+                  android:protectionLevel="dangerous" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", true}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto children = root->GetChildElements();
+  ASSERT_EQ(children.size(), 1);
+  auto attr = children[0]->FindAttribute(xml::kSchemaAndroid, "protectionLevel");
+  ASSERT_THAT(attr, NotNull());
+  ASSERT_EQ(attr->value, "dangerous");
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, RemoveDeeplyNestedElement) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <application>
+        <provider />
+        <activity>
+          <layout android:featureFlag="!flag" />
+        </activity>
+      </application>
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", true}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto application = root->FindChild({}, "application");
+  ASSERT_THAT(application, NotNull());
+  auto activity = application->FindChild({}, "activity");
+  ASSERT_THAT(activity, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = activity->FindChild({}, "layout");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, KeepDeeplyNestedElement) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <application>
+        <provider />
+        <activity>
+          <layout android:featureFlag="flag" />
+        </activity>
+      </application>
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", true}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto application = root->FindChild({}, "application");
+  ASSERT_THAT(application, NotNull());
+  auto activity = application->FindChild({}, "activity");
+  ASSERT_THAT(activity, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = activity->FindChild({}, "layout");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, NotNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, FailOnEmptyFeatureFlagAttribute) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag=" " />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", false}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, FailOnFlagWithNoGivenValue) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="flag" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", std::nullopt}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, FailOnUnrecognizedFlag) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="unrecognized" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", true}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, FailOnMultipleValidationErrors) {
+  auto doc = Verify(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="bar" />
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="unrecognized" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                    {{"flag", std::nullopt}});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, OptionRemoveDisabledElementsIsFalse) {
+  auto doc = VerifyWithOptions(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="flag" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                               {{"flag", false}}, {.remove_disabled_elements = false});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = root->FindChild({}, "permission");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, NotNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, OptionFlagsMustHaveValueIsFalse) {
+  auto doc = VerifyWithOptions(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="flag" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                               {{"flag", std::nullopt}}, {.flags_must_have_value = false});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = root->FindChild({}, "permission");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, NotNull());
+}
+
+TEST(FeatureFlagsFilterTest, OptionFailOnUnrecognizedFlagsIsFalse) {
+  auto doc = VerifyWithOptions(R"EOF(
+    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="android">
+      <permission android:name="FOO" android:featureFlag="unrecognized" />
+    </manifest>)EOF",
+                               {{"flag", true}}, {.fail_on_unrecognized_flags = false});
+  ASSERT_THAT(doc, NotNull());
+  auto root = doc->root.get();
+  ASSERT_THAT(root, NotNull());
+  auto maybe_removed = root->FindChild({}, "permission");
+  ASSERT_THAT(maybe_removed, NotNull());
+}
+
+}  // namespace aapt
diff --git a/tools/lint/README.md b/tools/lint/README.md
index b235ad6..ff8e442 100644
--- a/tools/lint/README.md
+++ b/tools/lint/README.md
@@ -103,10 +103,15 @@
 
 As noted above, this baseline file contains warnings too, which might be undesirable. For example,
 CI tools might surface these warnings in code reviews. In order to create this file without
-warnings, we need to pass another flag to lint: `--nowarn`. The easiest way to do this is to
-locally change the soong code in
-[lint.go](http://cs/aosp-master/build/soong/java/lint.go;l=451;rcl=2e778d5bc4a8d1d77b4f4a3029a4a254ad57db75)
-adding `cmd.Flag("--nowarn")` and running lint again.
+warnings, we need to pass another flag to lint: `--nowarn`. One option is to add the flag to your
+Android.bp file and then run lint again:
+
+```
+  lint: {
+    extra_check_modules: ["AndroidFrameworkLintChecker"],
+    flags: ["--nowarn"],
+  }
+```
 
 # Documentation
 
diff --git a/tools/lint/common/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionUtils.kt b/tools/lint/common/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionUtils.kt
index d41fee3..24d203f 100644
--- a/tools/lint/common/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionUtils.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/common/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionUtils.kt
@@ -24,33 +24,31 @@
 import org.jetbrains.uast.UMethod
 
 /**
- * Given a UMethod, determine if this method is
- * the entrypoint to an interface generated by AIDL,
- * returning the interface name if so, otherwise returning null
+ * Given a UMethod, determine if this method is the entrypoint to an interface
+ * generated by AIDL, returning the interface name if so, otherwise returning
+ * null
  */
 fun getContainingAidlInterface(context: JavaContext, node: UMethod): String? {
-    if (!isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context, node)) return null
-    for (superMethod in node.findSuperMethods()) {
-        for (extendsInterface in superMethod.containingClass?.extendsList?.referenceElements
-            ?: continue) {
-            if (extendsInterface.qualifiedName == IINTERFACE_INTERFACE) {
-                return superMethod.containingClass?.name
-            }
-        }
+    val containingStub = containingStub(context, node) ?: return null
+    val superMethod = node.findSuperMethods(containingStub)
+    if (superMethod.isEmpty()) return null
+    return containingStub.containingClass?.name
+}
+
+/* Returns the containing Stub class if any. This is not sufficient to infer
+ * that the method itself extends an AIDL generated method. See
+ * getContainingAidlInterface for that purpose.
+ */
+fun containingStub(context: JavaContext, node: UMethod?): PsiClass? {
+    var superClass = node?.containingClass?.superClass
+    while (superClass != null) {
+        if (isStub(context, superClass)) return superClass
+        superClass = superClass.superClass
     }
     return null
 }
 
-fun isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context: JavaContext, node: UMethod?): Boolean {
-    var superClass = node?.containingClass?.superClass
-    while (superClass != null) {
-        if (isStub(context, superClass)) return true
-        superClass = superClass.superClass
-    }
-    return false
-}
-
-fun isStub(context: JavaContext, psiClass: PsiClass?): Boolean {
+private fun isStub(context: JavaContext, psiClass: PsiClass?): Boolean {
     if (psiClass == null) return false
     if (psiClass.name != "Stub") return false
     if (!context.evaluator.isStatic(psiClass)) return false
diff --git a/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidFrameworkIssueRegistry.kt b/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidFrameworkIssueRegistry.kt
index 935bade..624a198 100644
--- a/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidFrameworkIssueRegistry.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidFrameworkIssueRegistry.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import com.android.tools.lint.client.api.Vendor
 import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.CURRENT_API
 import com.google.android.lint.parcel.SaferParcelChecker
+import com.google.android.lint.aidl.PermissionAnnotationDetector
 import com.google.auto.service.AutoService
 
 @AutoService(IssueRegistry::class)
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
         SaferParcelChecker.ISSUE_UNSAFE_API_USAGE,
         // TODO: Currently crashes due to OOM issue
         // PackageVisibilityDetector.ISSUE_PACKAGE_NAME_NO_PACKAGE_VISIBILITY_FILTERS,
+        PermissionAnnotationDetector.ISSUE_MISSING_PERMISSION_ANNOTATION,
         PermissionMethodDetector.ISSUE_PERMISSION_METHOD_USAGE,
         PermissionMethodDetector.ISSUE_CAN_BE_PERMISSION_METHOD,
     )
diff --git a/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/PermissionAnnotationDetector.kt b/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/PermissionAnnotationDetector.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b50cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/PermissionAnnotationDetector.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.android.lint.aidl
+
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Category
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Implementation
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Issue
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.JavaContext
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Scope
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Severity
+import org.jetbrains.uast.UBlockExpression
+import org.jetbrains.uast.UMethod
+
+/**
+ * Ensures all AIDL-generated methods are annotated.
+ *
+ * This detector is run on system_server to validate that any method that may
+ * be exposed via an AIDL interface is permission-annotated. That is, it must
+ * have one of the following annotation:
+ *   - @EnforcePermission
+ *   - @RequiresNoPermission
+ *   - @PermissionManuallyEnforced
+ */
+class PermissionAnnotationDetector : AidlImplementationDetector() {
+
+    override fun visitAidlMethod(
+      context: JavaContext,
+      node: UMethod,
+      interfaceName: String,
+      body: UBlockExpression
+    ) {
+        if (context.evaluator.isAbstract(node)) return
+
+        if (AIDL_PERMISSION_ANNOTATIONS.any { node.hasAnnotation(it) }) return
+
+        context.report(
+            ISSUE_MISSING_PERMISSION_ANNOTATION,
+            node,
+            context.getLocation(node),
+            "The method ${node.name} is not permission-annotated."
+        )
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+
+        private val EXPLANATION_MISSING_PERMISSION_ANNOTATION = """
+          Interfaces that are exposed by system_server are required to have an annotation which
+          denotes the type of permission enforced. There are 3 possible options:
+            - @EnforcePermission
+            - @RequiresNoPermission
+            - @PermissionManuallyEnforced
+          See the documentation of each annotation for further details.
+
+          The annotation on the Java implementation must be the same that the AIDL interface
+          definition. This is verified by a lint in the build system.
+          """.trimIndent()
+
+        @JvmField
+        val ISSUE_MISSING_PERMISSION_ANNOTATION = Issue.create(
+            id = "MissingPermissionAnnotation",
+            briefDescription = "No permission annotation on exposed AIDL interface.",
+            explanation = EXPLANATION_MISSING_PERMISSION_ANNOTATION,
+            category = Category.CORRECTNESS,
+            priority = 5,
+            severity = Severity.ERROR,
+            implementation = Implementation(
+                PermissionAnnotationDetector::class.java,
+                Scope.JAVA_FILE_SCOPE
+            ),
+            enabledByDefault = false
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/PermissionAnnotationDetectorTest.kt b/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/PermissionAnnotationDetectorTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bce848a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/lint/framework/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/PermissionAnnotationDetectorTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.android.lint.aidl
+
+import com.android.tools.lint.checks.infrastructure.LintDetectorTest
+import com.android.tools.lint.checks.infrastructure.TestFile
+import com.android.tools.lint.checks.infrastructure.TestLintTask
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Detector
+import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Issue
+
+@Suppress("UnstableApiUsage")
+class PermissionAnnotationDetectorTest : LintDetectorTest() {
+    override fun getDetector(): Detector = PermissionAnnotationDetector()
+
+    override fun getIssues(): List<Issue> = listOf(
+        PermissionAnnotationDetector.ISSUE_MISSING_PERMISSION_ANNOTATION,
+    )
+
+    override fun lint(): TestLintTask = super.lint().allowMissingSdk(true)
+
+    /** No issue scenario */
+
+    fun testDoesNotDetectIssuesInCorrectScenario() {
+        lint().files(
+            java(
+            """
+            public class Foo extends IFoo.Stub {
+                @Override
+                @android.annotation.EnforcePermission("android.Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS")
+                public void testMethod() { }
+            }
+            """
+            ).indented(),
+            *stubs
+        )
+            .run()
+            .expectClean()
+    }
+
+    fun testMissingAnnotation() {
+        lint().files(
+            java(
+            """
+            public class Bar extends IBar.Stub {
+                public void testMethod() { }
+            }
+            """
+            ).indented(),
+            *stubs
+        )
+            .run()
+            .expect(
+                """
+                src/Bar.java:2: Error: The method testMethod is not permission-annotated. [MissingPermissionAnnotation]
+                    public void testMethod() { }
+                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+                1 errors, 0 warnings
+                """
+            )
+    }
+
+    fun testNoIssueWhenExtendingWithAnotherSubclass() {
+        lint().files(
+            java(
+            """
+            public class Foo extends IFoo.Stub {
+                @Override
+                @android.annotation.EnforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
+                public void testMethod() { }
+                // not an AIDL method, just another method
+                public void someRandomMethod() { }
+            }
+            """).indented(),
+            java(
+            """
+            public class Baz extends Bar {
+              @Override
+              public void someRandomMethod() { }
+            }
+            """).indented(),
+            *stubs
+        )
+            .run()
+            .expectClean()
+    }
+
+    /* Stubs */
+
+    // A service with permission annotation on the method.
+    private val interfaceIFoo: TestFile = java(
+        """
+        public interface IFoo extends android.os.IInterface {
+         public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements IFoo {
+          }
+          @Override
+          @android.annotation.EnforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
+          public void testMethod();
+          @Override
+          @android.annotation.RequiresNoPermission
+          public void testMethodNoPermission();
+          @Override
+          @android.annotation.PermissionManuallyEnforced
+          public void testMethodManual();
+        }
+        """
+    ).indented()
+
+    // A service with no permission annotation.
+    private val interfaceIBar: TestFile = java(
+        """
+        public interface IBar extends android.os.IInterface {
+         public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements IBar {
+          }
+          public void testMethod();
+        }
+        """
+    ).indented()
+
+    private val stubs = arrayOf(interfaceIFoo, interfaceIBar)
+}
diff --git a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt
index 83b8f16..4455a9c 100644
--- a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
             annotationInfo.origin == AnnotationOrigin.METHOD) {
             /* Ignore implementations that are not a sub-class of Stub (i.e., Proxy). */
             val uMethod = element as? UMethod ?: return
-            if (!isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context, uMethod)) {
+            if (getContainingAidlInterface(context, uMethod) == null) {
                 return
             }
             val overridingMethod = element.sourcePsi as PsiMethod
@@ -184,7 +184,8 @@
             if (context.evaluator.isAbstract(node)) return
             if (!node.hasAnnotation(ANNOTATION_ENFORCE_PERMISSION)) return
 
-            if (!isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context, node)) {
+            val stubClass = containingStub(context, node)
+            if (stubClass == null) {
                 context.report(
                     ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION,
                     node,
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@
 
             /* Check that we are connected to the super class */
             val overridingMethod = node as PsiMethod
-            val parents = overridingMethod.findSuperMethods()
+            val parents = overridingMethod.findSuperMethods(stubClass)
             if (parents.isEmpty()) {
                 context.report(
                     ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION,
diff --git a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetectorTest.kt b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetectorTest.kt
index d8afcb9..2afca05 100644
--- a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetectorTest.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetectorTest.kt
@@ -176,6 +176,29 @@
                 """.addLineContinuation())
     }
 
+    fun testDetectNoIssuesAnnotationOnNonStubMethod() {
+        lint().files(java(
+            """
+            package test.pkg;
+            public class TestClass43 extends IFooMethod.Stub {
+                public void aRegularMethodNotPartOfStub() {
+                }
+            }
+            """).indented(), java(
+            """
+            package test.pkg;
+            public class TestClass44 extends TestClass43 {
+              @Override
+              public void aRegularMethodNotPartOfStub() {
+              }
+            }
+            """).indented(),
+                *stubs
+        )
+        .run()
+        .expectClean()
+    }
+
     fun testDetectIssuesEmptyAnnotationOnMethod() {
         lint().files(java(
             """