diff --git a/packages/SystemUI/aconfig/systemui.aconfig b/packages/SystemUI/aconfig/systemui.aconfig
index 5632e30..fe69d02b 100644
--- a/packages/SystemUI/aconfig/systemui.aconfig
+++ b/packages/SystemUI/aconfig/systemui.aconfig
@@ -370,6 +370,13 @@
 }
 
 flag {
+   name: "status_bar_signal_policy_refactor"
+   namespace: "systemui"
+   description: "Use a settings observer for airplane mode and make StatusBarSignalPolicy startable"
+   bug: "264539100"
+}
+
+flag {
     name: "status_bar_swipe_over_chip"
     namespace: "systemui"
     description: "Allow users to swipe over the status bar chip to open the shade"
diff --git a/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/StatusBarSignalPolicy.java b/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/StatusBarSignalPolicy.java
index ba59398..62297b0 100644
--- a/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/StatusBarSignalPolicy.java
+++ b/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/StatusBarSignalPolicy.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone;
 
+import static com.android.systemui.Flags.statusBarSignalPolicyRefactor;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -29,10 +31,12 @@
 import com.android.systemui.statusbar.connectivity.NetworkController;
 import com.android.systemui.statusbar.connectivity.SignalCallback;
 import com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone.ui.StatusBarIconController;
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.pipeline.airplane.domain.interactor.AirplaneModeInteractor;
 import com.android.systemui.statusbar.policy.SecurityController;
 import com.android.systemui.tuner.TunerService;
 import com.android.systemui.tuner.TunerService.Tunable;
 import com.android.systemui.util.CarrierConfigTracker;
+import com.android.systemui.util.kotlin.JavaAdapter;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -61,15 +65,14 @@
     private final Handler mHandler = Handler.getMain();
     private final CarrierConfigTracker mCarrierConfigTracker;
     private final TunerService mTunerService;
+    private final JavaAdapter mJavaAdapter;
+    private final AirplaneModeInteractor mAirplaneModeInteractor;
 
     private boolean mHideAirplane;
     private boolean mHideMobile;
     private boolean mHideEthernet;
     private boolean mActivityEnabled;
 
-    // Track as little state as possible, and only for padding purposes
-    private boolean mIsAirplaneMode = false;
-
     private ArrayList<CallIndicatorIconState> mCallIndicatorStates = new ArrayList<>();
     private boolean mInitialized;
 
@@ -80,15 +83,19 @@
             CarrierConfigTracker carrierConfigTracker,
             NetworkController networkController,
             SecurityController securityController,
-            TunerService tunerService
+            TunerService tunerService,
+            JavaAdapter javaAdapter,
+            AirplaneModeInteractor airplaneModeInteractor
     ) {
         mContext = context;
 
         mIconController = iconController;
         mCarrierConfigTracker = carrierConfigTracker;
+        mJavaAdapter = javaAdapter;
         mNetworkController = networkController;
         mSecurityController = securityController;
         mTunerService = tunerService;
+        mAirplaneModeInteractor = airplaneModeInteractor;
 
         mSlotAirplane = mContext.getString(com.android.internal.R.string.status_bar_airplane);
         mSlotMobile   = mContext.getString(com.android.internal.R.string.status_bar_mobile);
@@ -109,6 +116,12 @@
         mTunerService.addTunable(this, StatusBarIconController.ICON_HIDE_LIST);
         mNetworkController.addCallback(this);
         mSecurityController.addCallback(this);
+
+        if (statusBarSignalPolicyRefactor()) {
+            mJavaAdapter.alwaysCollectFlow(
+                    mAirplaneModeInteractor.isAirplaneMode(),
+                    this::updateAirplaneModeIcon);
+        }
     }
 
     public void destroy() {
@@ -222,15 +235,19 @@
 
     @Override
     public void setIsAirplaneMode(IconState icon) {
+        if (statusBarSignalPolicyRefactor()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (DEBUG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "setIsAirplaneMode: "
                     + "icon = " + (icon == null ? "" : icon.toString()));
         }
-        mIsAirplaneMode = icon.visible && !mHideAirplane;
+        boolean isAirplaneMode = icon.visible && !mHideAirplane;
         int resId = icon.icon;
         String description = icon.contentDescription;
 
-        if (mIsAirplaneMode && resId > 0) {
+        if (isAirplaneMode && resId > 0) {
             mIconController.setIcon(mSlotAirplane, resId, description);
             mIconController.setIconVisibility(mSlotAirplane, true);
         } else {
@@ -238,6 +255,21 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public void updateAirplaneModeIcon(boolean isAirplaneModeOn) {
+        if (StatusBarSignalPolicyRefactor.isUnexpectedlyInLegacyMode()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean isAirplaneMode = isAirplaneModeOn && !mHideAirplane;
+        mIconController.setIconVisibility(mSlotAirplane, isAirplaneMode);
+        if (isAirplaneMode) {
+            mIconController.setIcon(
+                    mSlotAirplane,
+                    TelephonyIcons.FLIGHT_MODE_ICON,
+                    mContext.getString(R.string.accessibility_airplane_mode));
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Stores the statusbar state for no Calling & SMS.
      */
diff --git a/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/StatusBarSignalPolicyRefactor.kt b/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/StatusBarSignalPolicyRefactor.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0577f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/StatusBarSignalPolicyRefactor.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone
+
+import com.android.systemui.Flags
+import com.android.systemui.flags.FlagToken
+import com.android.systemui.flags.RefactorFlagUtils
+
+/** Helper for reading or using the status_bar_signal_policy_refactor flag state. */
+@Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE")
+object StatusBarSignalPolicyRefactor {
+    /** The aconfig flag name */
+    const val FLAG_NAME = Flags.FLAG_STATUS_BAR_SIGNAL_POLICY_REFACTOR
+
+    /** A token used for dependency declaration */
+    val token: FlagToken
+        get() = FlagToken(FLAG_NAME, isEnabled)
+
+    /** Is the refactor enabled */
+    @JvmStatic
+    inline val isEnabled
+        get() = Flags.statusBarSignalPolicyRefactor()
+
+    /**
+     * Called to ensure code is only run when the flag is enabled. This protects users from the
+     * unintended behaviors caused by accidentally running new logic, while also crashing on an eng
+     * build to ensure that the refactor author catches issues in testing.
+     */
+    @JvmStatic
+    inline fun isUnexpectedlyInLegacyMode() =
+        RefactorFlagUtils.isUnexpectedlyInLegacyMode(isEnabled, FLAG_NAME)
+
+    /**
+     * Called to ensure code is only run when the flag is disabled. This will throw an exception if
+     * the flag is enabled to ensure that the refactor author catches issues in testing.
+     */
+    @JvmStatic
+    inline fun assertInLegacyMode() = RefactorFlagUtils.assertInLegacyMode(isEnabled, FLAG_NAME)
+}
diff --git a/packages/SystemUI/tests/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/StatusBarSignalPolicyTest.kt b/packages/SystemUI/tests/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/StatusBarSignalPolicyTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdd5296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/SystemUI/tests/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/StatusBarSignalPolicyTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.systemui.statusbar
+
+import android.platform.test.annotations.DisableFlags
+import android.platform.test.annotations.EnableFlags
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.internal.R
+import com.android.settingslib.mobile.TelephonyIcons
+import com.android.systemui.Flags.FLAG_STATUS_BAR_SIGNAL_POLICY_REFACTOR
+import com.android.systemui.SysuiTestCase
+import com.android.systemui.kosmos.Kosmos
+import com.android.systemui.kosmos.testCase
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.connectivity.IconState
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.connectivity.NetworkController
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone.StatusBarSignalPolicy
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone.StatusBarSignalPolicy_Factory
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone.ui.StatusBarIconController
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.pipeline.airplane.domain.interactor.airplaneModeInteractor
+import com.android.systemui.statusbar.policy.securityController
+import com.android.systemui.tuner.TunerService
+import com.android.systemui.util.CarrierConfigTracker
+import com.android.systemui.util.kotlin.JavaAdapter
+import com.android.systemui.util.mockito.mock
+import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.TestScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runCurrent
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.kotlin.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.kotlin.verifyZeroInteractions
+import kotlin.test.Test
+
+@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class StatusBarSignalPolicyTest : SysuiTestCase() {
+    private val kosmos = Kosmos().also { it.testCase = this }
+
+    private lateinit var underTest: StatusBarSignalPolicy
+
+    private val testScope = TestScope()
+
+    private val javaAdapter = JavaAdapter(testScope.backgroundScope)
+    private val airplaneModeInteractor = kosmos.airplaneModeInteractor
+    private val securityController = kosmos.securityController
+
+    private val tunerService = mock<TunerService>()
+    private val statusBarIconController = mock<StatusBarIconController>()
+    private val networkController = mock<NetworkController>()
+    private val carrierConfigTracker = mock<CarrierConfigTracker>()
+
+    private var slotAirplane: String? = null
+
+    @Before
+    fun setup() {
+        underTest =
+            StatusBarSignalPolicy_Factory.newInstance(
+                mContext,
+                statusBarIconController,
+                carrierConfigTracker,
+                networkController,
+                securityController,
+                tunerService,
+                javaAdapter,
+                airplaneModeInteractor,
+            )
+
+        slotAirplane = mContext.getString(R.string.status_bar_airplane)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableFlags(FLAG_STATUS_BAR_SIGNAL_POLICY_REFACTOR)
+    fun airplaneModeViaInteractor_statusBarSignalPolicyRefactorFlagEnabled_iconUpdated() =
+        testScope.runTest {
+            underTest.init()
+            airplaneModeInteractor.setIsAirplaneMode(true)
+            runCurrent()
+            verify(statusBarIconController).setIconVisibility(slotAirplane, true)
+
+            airplaneModeInteractor.setIsAirplaneMode(false)
+            runCurrent()
+            verify(statusBarIconController).setIconVisibility(slotAirplane, false)
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableFlags(FLAG_STATUS_BAR_SIGNAL_POLICY_REFACTOR)
+    fun airplaneModeViaSignalCallback_statusBarSignalPolicyRefactorFlagEnabled_iconNotUpdated() =
+        testScope.runTest {
+            underTest.init()
+            runCurrent()
+            clearInvocations(statusBarIconController)
+
+            // Make sure the legacy code path does not change airplane mode when the refactor
+            // flag is enabled.
+            underTest.setIsAirplaneMode(IconState(true, TelephonyIcons.FLIGHT_MODE_ICON, ""))
+            runCurrent()
+            verifyZeroInteractions(statusBarIconController)
+
+            underTest.setIsAirplaneMode(IconState(false, TelephonyIcons.FLIGHT_MODE_ICON, ""))
+            runCurrent()
+            verifyZeroInteractions(statusBarIconController)
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableFlags(FLAG_STATUS_BAR_SIGNAL_POLICY_REFACTOR)
+    fun airplaneModeViaSignalCallback_statusBarSignalPolicyRefactorFlagDisabled_iconUpdated() =
+        testScope.runTest {
+            underTest.init()
+
+            underTest.setIsAirplaneMode(IconState(true, TelephonyIcons.FLIGHT_MODE_ICON, ""))
+            runCurrent()
+            verify(statusBarIconController).setIconVisibility(slotAirplane, true)
+
+            underTest.setIsAirplaneMode(IconState(false, TelephonyIcons.FLIGHT_MODE_ICON, ""))
+            runCurrent()
+            verify(statusBarIconController).setIconVisibility(slotAirplane, false)
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableFlags(FLAG_STATUS_BAR_SIGNAL_POLICY_REFACTOR)
+    fun airplaneModeViaInteractor_statusBarSignalPolicyRefactorFlagDisabled_iconNotUpdated() =
+        testScope.runTest {
+            underTest.init()
+
+            // Make sure changing airplane mode from airplaneModeRepository does nothing
+            // if the StatusBarSignalPolicyRefactor is not enabled.
+            airplaneModeInteractor.setIsAirplaneMode(true)
+            runCurrent()
+            verifyZeroInteractions(statusBarIconController)
+
+            airplaneModeInteractor.setIsAirplaneMode(false)
+            runCurrent()
+            verifyZeroInteractions(statusBarIconController)
+        }
+}