diff --git a/libs/androidfw/tests/BackupData_test.cpp b/libs/androidfw/tests/BackupData_test.cpp
index e25b616..7d3a341 100644
--- a/libs/androidfw/tests/BackupData_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/androidfw/tests/BackupData_test.cpp
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@
         mFilename.append(m_external_storage);
         mFilename.append(TEST_FILENAME);
 
-        ::unlink(mFilename.string());
-        int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+        ::unlink(mFilename.c_str());
+        int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
         if (fd < 0) {
-            FAIL() << "Couldn't create " << mFilename.string() << " for writing";
+            FAIL() << "Couldn't create " << mFilename.c_str() << " for writing";
         }
         mKey1 = String8(KEY1);
         mKey2 = String8(KEY2);
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(BackupDataTest, WriteAndReadSingle) {
-  int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_WRONLY);
+  int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
   BackupDataWriter* writer = new BackupDataWriter(fd);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey1, sizeof(DATA1)))
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
           << "WriteEntityData returned an error";
 
   ::close(fd);
-  fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+  fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
   BackupDataReader* reader = new BackupDataReader(fd);
   EXPECT_EQ(NO_ERROR, reader->Status())
           << "Reader ctor failed";
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BackupDataTest, WriteAndReadMultiple) {
-  int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_WRONLY);
+  int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
   BackupDataWriter* writer = new BackupDataWriter(fd);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey1, sizeof(DATA1));
   writer->WriteEntityData(DATA1, sizeof(DATA1));
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
   writer->WriteEntityData(DATA2, sizeof(DATA2));
 
   ::close(fd);
-  fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+  fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
   BackupDataReader* reader = new BackupDataReader(fd);
 
   bool done;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BackupDataTest, SkipEntity) {
-  int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_WRONLY);
+  int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
   BackupDataWriter* writer = new BackupDataWriter(fd);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey1, sizeof(DATA1));
   writer->WriteEntityData(DATA1, sizeof(DATA1));
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
   writer->WriteEntityData(DATA3, sizeof(DATA3));
 
   ::close(fd);
-  fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+  fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
   BackupDataReader* reader = new BackupDataReader(fd);
 
   bool done;
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BackupDataTest, DeleteEntity) {
-  int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_WRONLY);
+  int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
   BackupDataWriter* writer = new BackupDataWriter(fd);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey1, sizeof(DATA1));
   writer->WriteEntityData(DATA1, sizeof(DATA1));
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey2, -1);
 
   ::close(fd);
-  fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+  fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
   BackupDataReader* reader = new BackupDataReader(fd);
 
   bool done;
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BackupDataTest, EneityAfterDelete) {
-  int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_WRONLY);
+  int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
   BackupDataWriter* writer = new BackupDataWriter(fd);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey1, sizeof(DATA1));
   writer->WriteEntityData(DATA1, sizeof(DATA1));
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
   writer->WriteEntityData(DATA3, sizeof(DATA3));
 
   ::close(fd);
-  fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+  fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
   BackupDataReader* reader = new BackupDataReader(fd);
 
   bool done;
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BackupDataTest, OnlyDeleteEntities) {
-  int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_WRONLY);
+  int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
   BackupDataWriter* writer = new BackupDataWriter(fd);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey1, -1);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey2, -1);
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey4, -1);
 
   ::close(fd);
-  fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+  fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
   BackupDataReader* reader = new BackupDataReader(fd);
 
   bool done;
@@ -385,13 +385,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BackupDataTest, ReadDeletedEntityData) {
-  int fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_WRONLY);
+  int fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
   BackupDataWriter* writer = new BackupDataWriter(fd);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey1, -1);
   writer->WriteEntityHeader(mKey2, -1);
 
   ::close(fd);
-  fd = ::open(mFilename.string(), O_RDONLY);
+  fd = ::open(mFilename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
   BackupDataReader* reader = new BackupDataReader(fd);
 
   bool done;
diff --git a/libs/androidfw/tests/CommonHelpers.cpp b/libs/androidfw/tests/CommonHelpers.cpp
index 3396729..10138de 100644
--- a/libs/androidfw/tests/CommonHelpers.cpp
+++ b/libs/androidfw/tests/CommonHelpers.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 std::string GetStringFromPool(const ResStringPool* pool, uint32_t idx) {
   auto str = pool->string8ObjectAt(idx);
   CHECK(str.has_value()) << "failed to find string entry";
-  return std::string(str->string(), str->length());
+  return std::string(str->c_str(), str->length());
 }
 
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libs/androidfw/tests/ConfigDescription_test.cpp b/libs/androidfw/tests/ConfigDescription_test.cpp
index ce7f805..7270357 100644
--- a/libs/androidfw/tests/ConfigDescription_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/androidfw/tests/ConfigDescription_test.cpp
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@
 TEST(ConfigDescriptionTest, ParseBasicQualifiers) {
   ConfigDescription config;
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("", &config));
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(""), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(""), config.toString().c_str());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("fr-land", &config));
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("fr-land"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("fr-land"), config.toString().c_str());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       TestParse("mcc310-pl-sw720dp-normal-long-port-night-"
@@ -61,22 +61,22 @@
                 &config));
   EXPECT_EQ(std::string("mcc310-pl-sw720dp-normal-long-port-night-"
                         "xhdpi-keyssoft-qwerty-navexposed-nonav-v13"),
-            config.toString().string());
+            config.toString().c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(ConfigDescriptionTest, ParseLocales) {
   ConfigDescription config;
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("en-rUS", &config));
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("en-rUS"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("en-rUS"), config.toString().c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(ConfigDescriptionTest, ParseQualifierAddedInApi13) {
   ConfigDescription config;
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("sw600dp", &config));
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("sw600dp-v13"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("sw600dp-v13"), config.toString().c_str());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("sw600dp-v8", &config));
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("sw600dp-v13"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("sw600dp-v13"), config.toString().c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(ConfigDescriptionTest, ParseCarAttribute) {
@@ -91,13 +91,13 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(android::ResTable_config::SCREENROUND_YES,
             config.screenLayout2 & android::ResTable_config::MASK_SCREENROUND);
   EXPECT_EQ(SDK_MARSHMALLOW, config.sdkVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("round-v23"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("round-v23"), config.toString().c_str());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("notround", &config));
   EXPECT_EQ(android::ResTable_config::SCREENROUND_NO,
             config.screenLayout2 & android::ResTable_config::MASK_SCREENROUND);
   EXPECT_EQ(SDK_MARSHMALLOW, config.sdkVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("notround-v23"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("notround-v23"), config.toString().c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(ConfigDescriptionTest, TestWideColorGamutQualifier) {
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(android::ResTable_config::WIDE_COLOR_GAMUT_YES,
             config.colorMode & android::ResTable_config::MASK_WIDE_COLOR_GAMUT);
   EXPECT_EQ(SDK_O, config.sdkVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("widecg-v26"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("widecg-v26"), config.toString().c_str());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("nowidecg", &config));
   EXPECT_EQ(android::ResTable_config::WIDE_COLOR_GAMUT_NO,
             config.colorMode & android::ResTable_config::MASK_WIDE_COLOR_GAMUT);
   EXPECT_EQ(SDK_O, config.sdkVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("nowidecg-v26"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("nowidecg-v26"), config.toString().c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(ConfigDescriptionTest, TestHdrQualifier) {
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(android::ResTable_config::HDR_YES,
             config.colorMode & android::ResTable_config::MASK_HDR);
   EXPECT_EQ(SDK_O, config.sdkVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("highdr-v26"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("highdr-v26"), config.toString().c_str());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("lowdr", &config));
   EXPECT_EQ(android::ResTable_config::HDR_NO,
             config.colorMode & android::ResTable_config::MASK_HDR);
   EXPECT_EQ(SDK_O, config.sdkVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("lowdr-v26"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("lowdr-v26"), config.toString().c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(ConfigDescriptionTest, ParseVrAttribute) {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestParse("vrheadset", &config));
   EXPECT_EQ(android::ResTable_config::UI_MODE_TYPE_VR_HEADSET, config.uiMode);
   EXPECT_EQ(SDK_O, config.sdkVersion);
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("vrheadset-v26"), config.toString().string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("vrheadset-v26"), config.toString().c_str());
 }
 
 static inline ConfigDescription ParseConfigOrDie(const android::StringPiece& str) {
diff --git a/libs/androidfw/tests/ObbFile_test.cpp b/libs/androidfw/tests/ObbFile_test.cpp
index 1151121..ba818c4 100644
--- a/libs/androidfw/tests/ObbFile_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/androidfw/tests/ObbFile_test.cpp
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@
         mFileName.append(externalStorage);
         mFileName.append(TEST_FILENAME);
 
-        int fd = ::open(mFileName.string(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+        int fd = ::open(mFileName.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
         if (fd < 0) {
-            FAIL() << "Couldn't create " << mFileName.string() << " for tests";
+            FAIL() << "Couldn't create " << mFileName.c_str() << " for tests";
         }
     }
 
@@ -69,17 +69,17 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mObbFile->setSalt(salt, SALT_SIZE))
             << "Salt should be successfully set";
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mObbFile->writeTo(mFileName.string()))
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mObbFile->writeTo(mFileName.c_str()))
             << "couldn't write to fake .obb file";
 
     mObbFile = new ObbFile();
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mObbFile->readFrom(mFileName.string()))
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mObbFile->readFrom(mFileName.c_str()))
             << "couldn't read from fake .obb file";
 
     EXPECT_EQ(versionNum, mObbFile->getVersion())
             << "version didn't come out the same as it went in";
-    const char* currentPackageName = mObbFile->getPackageName().string();
+    const char* currentPackageName = mObbFile->getPackageName().c_str();
     EXPECT_STREQ(packageName, currentPackageName)
             << "package name didn't come out the same as it went in";
 
diff --git a/libs/androidfw/tests/ResTable_test.cpp b/libs/androidfw/tests/ResTable_test.cpp
index 9aeb00c..dc6dea9 100644
--- a/libs/androidfw/tests/ResTable_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/androidfw/tests/ResTable_test.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
   String16 name(u"com.android.sparse:integer/foo_9");
   uint32_t flags;
   uint32_t resid =
-      table.identifierForName(name.string(), name.size(), nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0, &flags);
+      table.identifierForName(name.c_str(), name.size(), nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0, &flags);
   ASSERT_NE(0u, resid);
 
   Res_value val;
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@
   String16 defPackage("com.android.basic");
   String16 testName("@string/test1");
   uint32_t resID =
-      table.identifierForName(testName.string(), testName.size(), 0, 0,
-                              defPackage.string(), defPackage.size());
+      table.identifierForName(testName.c_str(), testName.size(), 0, 0,
+                              defPackage.c_str(), defPackage.size());
   ASSERT_NE(uint32_t(0x00000000), resID);
   ASSERT_EQ(basic::R::string::test1, resID);
 }
diff --git a/libs/androidfw/tests/Split_test.cpp b/libs/androidfw/tests/Split_test.cpp
index 2c242db..3d88577 100644
--- a/libs/androidfw/tests/Split_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/androidfw/tests/Split_test.cpp
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@
   const String16 package("com.android.basic");
   ASSERT_EQ(
       R::string::test3,
-      table.identifierForName(name.string(), name.size(), type.string(),
-                              type.size(), package.string(), package.size()));
+      table.identifierForName(name.c_str(), name.size(), type.c_str(),
+                              type.size(), package.c_str(), package.size()));
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/libs/androidfw/tests/TestHelpers.cpp b/libs/androidfw/tests/TestHelpers.cpp
index 10c0a4f..c6f657c 100644
--- a/libs/androidfw/tests/TestHelpers.cpp
+++ b/libs/androidfw/tests/TestHelpers.cpp
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@
   }
 
   if (String8(expected_str) != *actual_str) {
-    return AssertionFailure() << actual_str->string();
+    return AssertionFailure() << actual_str->c_str();
   }
-  return AssertionSuccess() << actual_str->string();
+  return AssertionSuccess() << actual_str->c_str();
 }
 
 }  // namespace android