diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java
index 0aa9cc1..3243385 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 import static android.provider.Settings.Secure.VOLUME_HUSH_MUTE;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Secure.VOLUME_HUSH_OFF;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Secure.VOLUME_HUSH_VIBRATE;
-
 import static com.android.server.audio.SoundDoseHelper.ACTION_CHECK_MUSIC_ACTIVE;
 import static com.android.server.utils.EventLogger.Event.ALOGE;
 import static com.android.server.utils.EventLogger.Event.ALOGI;
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
 import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
 import android.content.res.Configuration;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
@@ -267,6 +265,8 @@
     private final SettingsAdapter mSettings;
     private final AudioPolicyFacade mAudioPolicy;
 
+    private final MusicFxHelper mMusicFxHelper;
+
     /** Debug audio mode */
     protected static final boolean DEBUG_MODE = false;
 
@@ -407,9 +407,15 @@
     private static final int MSG_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED = 54;
     private static final int MSG_BROADCAST_MASTER_MUTE = 55;
 
-    /** Messages handled by the {@link SoundDoseHelper}. */
+    /**
+     * Messages handled by the {@link SoundDoseHelper}, do not exceed
+     * {@link MUSICFX_HELPER_MSG_START}.
+     */
     /*package*/ static final int SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START = 1000;
 
+    /** Messages handled by the {@link MusicFxHelper}. */
+    /*package*/ static final int MUSICFX_HELPER_MSG_START = 1100;
+
     // start of messages handled under wakelock
     //   these messages can only be queued, i.e. sent with queueMsgUnderWakeLock(),
     //   and not with sendMsg(..., ..., SENDMSG_QUEUE, ...)
@@ -1304,6 +1310,8 @@
                 0 /* arg1 */, 0 /* arg2 */, null /* obj */, 0 /* delay */);
 
         mDisplayManager = context.getSystemService(DisplayManager.class);
+
+        mMusicFxHelper = new MusicFxHelper(mContext, mAudioHandler);
     }
 
     private void initVolumeStreamStates() {
@@ -9456,11 +9464,21 @@
                     onConfigurationChanged();
                     break;
 
+                case MusicFxHelper.MSG_EFFECT_CLIENT_GONE:
+                    mMusicFxHelper.handleMessage(msg);
+                    break;
+
+                case SoundDoseHelper.MSG_CONFIGURE_SAFE_MEDIA:
+                case SoundDoseHelper.MSG_CONFIGURE_SAFE_MEDIA_FORCED:
+                case SoundDoseHelper.MSG_PERSIST_SAFE_VOLUME_STATE:
+                case SoundDoseHelper.MSG_PERSIST_MUSIC_ACTIVE_MS:
+                case SoundDoseHelper.MSG_PERSIST_CSD_VALUES:
+                case SoundDoseHelper.MSG_CSD_UPDATE_ATTENUATION:
+                    mSoundDoseHelper.handleMessage(msg);
+                    break;
+
                 default:
-                    if (msg.what >= SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START) {
-                        // msg could be for the SoundDoseHelper
-                        mSoundDoseHelper.handleMessage(msg);
-                    }
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Unsupported msgId " + msg.what);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -9695,7 +9713,7 @@
                 }
             } else if (action.equals(AudioEffect.ACTION_OPEN_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION) ||
                     action.equals(AudioEffect.ACTION_CLOSE_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION)) {
-                handleAudioEffectBroadcast(context, intent);
+                mMusicFxHelper.handleAudioEffectBroadcast(context, intent);
             } else if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGES_SUSPENDED)) {
                 final int[] suspendedUids = intent.getIntArrayExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_UID_LIST);
                 final String[] suspendedPackages =
@@ -9750,27 +9768,6 @@
         }
     } // end class AudioServiceUserRestrictionsListener
 
-    private void handleAudioEffectBroadcast(Context context, Intent intent) {
-        String target = intent.getPackage();
-        if (target != null) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "effect broadcast already targeted to " + target);
-            return;
-        }
-        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES);
-        // TODO this should target a user-selected panel
-        List<ResolveInfo> ril = context.getPackageManager().queryBroadcastReceivers(
-                intent, 0 /* flags */);
-        if (ril != null && ril.size() != 0) {
-            ResolveInfo ri = ril.get(0);
-            if (ri != null && ri.activityInfo != null && ri.activityInfo.packageName != null) {
-                intent.setPackage(ri.activityInfo.packageName);
-                context.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-        Log.w(TAG, "couldn't find receiver package for effect intent");
-    }
-
     private void killBackgroundUserProcessesWithRecordAudioPermission(UserInfo oldUser) {
         PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
         // Find the home activity of the user. It should not be killed to avoid expensive restart,
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/MusicFxHelper.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/MusicFxHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c0fef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/MusicFxHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.audio;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_ANY_USER;
+import static com.android.server.audio.AudioService.MUSICFX_HELPER_MSG_START;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.app.IUidObserver;
+import android.app.UidObserver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.ServiceConnection;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
+import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
+import android.media.AudioManager;
+import android.media.audiofx.AudioEffect;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.server.audio.AudioService.AudioHandler;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * MusicFx management.
+ * .
+ */
+public class MusicFxHelper {
+    private static final String TAG = "AS.MusicFxHelper";
+
+    @NonNull private final Context mContext;
+
+    @NonNull private final AudioHandler mAudioHandler;
+
+    // Synchronization UidSessionMap access between UidObserver and AudioServiceBroadcastReceiver.
+    private final Object mClientUidMapLock = new Object();
+
+    // The binder token identifying the UidObserver registration.
+    private IBinder mUidObserverToken = null;
+
+    // Hashmap of UID and list of open sessions for this UID.
+    @GuardedBy("mClientUidMapLock")
+    private SparseArray<List<Integer>> mClientUidSessionMap = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    /*package*/ static final int MSG_EFFECT_CLIENT_GONE = MUSICFX_HELPER_MSG_START + 1;
+
+    // UID observer for effect MusicFx clients
+    private final IUidObserver mEffectUidObserver = new UidObserver() {
+        @Override public void onUidGone(int uid, boolean disabled) {
+            Log.w(TAG, " send MSG_EFFECT_CLIENT_GONE");
+            mAudioHandler.sendMessageAtTime(
+                    mAudioHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_EFFECT_CLIENT_GONE,
+                            uid /* arg1 */, 0 /* arg2 */,
+                            null /* obj */), 0 /* delay */);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // BindService connection implementation, we don't need any implementation now
+    private ServiceConnection mMusicFxBindConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
+            Log.d(TAG, " service connected to " + name);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+            Log.d(TAG, " service disconnected from " + name);
+        }
+    };
+
+    MusicFxHelper(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull AudioHandler audioHandler) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mAudioHandler = audioHandler;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle the broadcast {@link #ACTION_OPEN_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION} and
+     * {@link #ACTION_CLOSE_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION} intents.
+     *
+     * If the intent is {@link #ACTION_OPEN_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION}:
+     *  - If the MusicFx process is not running, call bindService with AUTO_CREATE to create.
+     *  - If this is the first audio session in MusicFx, call set foreground service delegate.
+     *  - If this is the first audio session for a given UID, add the UID into observer.
+     *
+     * If the intent is {@link #ACTION_CLOSE_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION}:
+     *  - MusicFx will not be foreground delegated anymore.
+     *  - The KeepAliveService of MusicFx will be unbound.
+     *  - The UidObserver will be removed.
+     */
+    public void handleAudioEffectBroadcast(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        String target = intent.getPackage();
+        if (target != null) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "effect broadcast already targeted to " + target);
+            return;
+        }
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES);
+        final PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
+        // TODO this should target a user-selected panel
+        List<ResolveInfo> ril = pm.queryBroadcastReceivers(intent, 0 /* flags */);
+        if (ril != null && ril.size() != 0) {
+            ResolveInfo ri = ril.get(0);
+            final String senderPackageName = intent.getStringExtra(AudioEffect.EXTRA_PACKAGE_NAME);
+            try {
+                final int senderUid = pm.getPackageUidAsUser(senderPackageName,
+                        PackageManager.PackageInfoFlags.of(MATCH_ANY_USER), getCurrentUserId());
+                if (ri != null && ri.activityInfo != null && ri.activityInfo.packageName != null) {
+                    intent.setPackage(ri.activityInfo.packageName);
+                    synchronized (mClientUidMapLock) {
+                        setMusicFxServiceWithObserver(context, intent, senderUid);
+                    }
+                    context.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Not able to find UID from package: " + senderPackageName + " error: "
+                        + e);
+            }
+        }
+        Log.w(TAG, "couldn't find receiver package for effect intent");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle the UidObserver onUidGone callback of MusicFx clients.
+     * All open audio sessions of this UID will be closed.
+     * If this is the last UID for MusicFx:
+     *  - MusicFx will not be foreground delegated anymore.
+     *  - The KeepAliveService of MusicFx will be unbound.
+     *  - The UidObserver will be removed.
+     */
+    public void handleEffectClientUidGone(int uid) {
+        synchronized (mClientUidMapLock) {
+            Log.w(TAG, " inside handle MSG_EFFECT_CLIENT_GONE");
+            // Once the uid is no longer running, close all remain audio session(s) for this UID
+            if (mClientUidSessionMap.get(Integer.valueOf(uid)) != null) {
+                final List<Integer> sessions = mClientUidSessionMap.get(Integer.valueOf(uid));
+                Log.i(TAG, "UID " + uid + " gone, closing " + sessions.size() + " sessions");
+                for (Integer session : sessions) {
+                    Intent intent = new Intent(
+                            AudioEffect.ACTION_CLOSE_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION);
+                    intent.putExtra(AudioEffect.EXTRA_AUDIO_SESSION, session);
+                    setMusicFxServiceWithObserver(mContext, intent, uid);
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Close session " + session + " of UID " + uid);
+                }
+                mClientUidSessionMap.remove(Integer.valueOf(uid));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mClientUidMapLock")
+    private void setMusicFxServiceWithObserver(Context context, Intent intent, int senderUid) {
+        PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
+        try {
+            final int audioSession = intent.getIntExtra(AudioEffect.EXTRA_AUDIO_SESSION,
+                    AudioManager.AUDIO_SESSION_ID_GENERATE);
+            if (AudioManager.AUDIO_SESSION_ID_GENERATE == audioSession) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Intent missing audio session: " + audioSession);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // only apply to com.android.musicfx and KeepAliveService for now
+            final String musicFxPackageName = "com.android.musicfx";
+            final String musicFxKeepAliveService = "com.android.musicfx.KeepAliveService";
+            final int musicFxUid = pm.getPackageUidAsUser(musicFxPackageName,
+                    PackageManager.PackageInfoFlags.of(MATCH_ANY_USER), getCurrentUserId());
+
+            if (intent.getAction().equals(AudioEffect.ACTION_OPEN_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION)) {
+                List<Integer> sessions = new ArrayList<>();
+                Log.d(TAG, "UID " + senderUid + ", open MusicFx session " + audioSession);
+                // start foreground service delegate and register UID observer with the first
+                // session of first UID open
+                if (0 == mClientUidSessionMap.size()) {
+                    final int procState = ActivityManager.getService().getPackageProcessState(
+                            musicFxPackageName, this.getClass().getPackage().getName());
+                    // if musicfx process not in binding state, call bindService with AUTO_CREATE
+                    if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND) {
+                        Intent bindIntent = new Intent().setClassName(musicFxPackageName,
+                                musicFxKeepAliveService);
+                        context.bindServiceAsUser(
+                                bindIntent, mMusicFxBindConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE,
+                                UserHandle.of(getCurrentUserId()));
+                        Log.i(TAG, "bindService to " + musicFxPackageName);
+                    }
+
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Package " + musicFxPackageName + " uid " + musicFxUid
+                            + " procState " + procState);
+                } else if (mClientUidSessionMap.get(Integer.valueOf(senderUid)) != null) {
+                    sessions = mClientUidSessionMap.get(Integer.valueOf(senderUid));
+                    if (sessions.contains(audioSession)) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Audio session " + audioSession + " already exist for UID "
+                                + senderUid + ", abort");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                // first session of this UID
+                if (sessions.size() == 0) {
+                    // call registerUidObserverForUids with the first UID and first session
+                    if (mClientUidSessionMap.size() == 0 || mUidObserverToken == null) {
+                        mUidObserverToken = ActivityManager.getService().registerUidObserverForUids(
+                                mEffectUidObserver, ActivityManager.UID_OBSERVER_GONE,
+                                ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_UNKNOWN, null, new int[]{senderUid});
+                        Log.i(TAG, "UID " + senderUid + " registered to observer");
+                    } else {
+                        // add UID to observer for each new UID
+                        ActivityManager.getService().addUidToObserver(mUidObserverToken, TAG,
+                                senderUid);
+                        Log.i(TAG, "UID " + senderUid + " addeded to observer");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                sessions.add(Integer.valueOf(audioSession));
+                mClientUidSessionMap.put(Integer.valueOf(senderUid), sessions);
+            } else {
+                if (mClientUidSessionMap.get(senderUid) != null) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "UID " + senderUid + ", close MusicFx session " + audioSession);
+                    List<Integer> sessions = mClientUidSessionMap.get(Integer.valueOf(senderUid));
+                    sessions.remove(Integer.valueOf(audioSession));
+                    if (0 == sessions.size()) {
+                        mClientUidSessionMap.remove(Integer.valueOf(senderUid));
+                    } else {
+                        mClientUidSessionMap.put(Integer.valueOf(senderUid), sessions);
+                    }
+
+                    // stop foreground service delegate and unregister UID observer with the
+                    // last session of last UID close
+                    if (0 == mClientUidSessionMap.size()) {
+                        ActivityManager.getService().unregisterUidObserver(mEffectUidObserver);
+                        mClientUidSessionMap.clear();
+                        context.unbindService(mMusicFxBindConnection);
+                        Log.i(TAG, " remove all sessions, unregister UID observer, and unbind "
+                                + musicFxPackageName);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // if the audio session already closed, print an error
+                    Log.e(TAG, "UID " + senderUid + " close audio session " + audioSession
+                            + " which does not exist");
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Not able to find UID from package: " + e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "RemoteException " + e + " with handling intent");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getCurrentUserId() {
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            UserInfo currentUser = ActivityManager.getService().getCurrentUser();
+            return currentUser.id;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Activity manager not running, nothing we can do assume user 0.
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+        return UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM;
+    }
+
+    /*package*/ void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+        switch (msg.what) {
+            case MSG_EFFECT_CLIENT_GONE:
+                Log.w(TAG, " handle MSG_EFFECT_CLIENT_GONE");
+                handleEffectClientUidGone(msg.arg1 /* uid */);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected msg to handle in MusicFxHelper: " + msg.what);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/SoundDoseHelper.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/SoundDoseHelper.java
index 81365bf..6c5f3e7 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/SoundDoseHelper.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/SoundDoseHelper.java
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@
     private static final int SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_INACTIVE = 2;  // confirmed
     private static final int SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_ACTIVE = 3;  // unconfirmed
 
-    private static final int MSG_CONFIGURE_SAFE_MEDIA = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 1;
-    private static final int MSG_CONFIGURE_SAFE_MEDIA_FORCED = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 2;
-    private static final int MSG_PERSIST_SAFE_VOLUME_STATE = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 3;
-    private static final int MSG_PERSIST_MUSIC_ACTIVE_MS = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 4;
-    private static final int MSG_PERSIST_CSD_VALUES = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 5;
+    /*package*/ static final int MSG_CONFIGURE_SAFE_MEDIA = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 1;
+    /*package*/ static final int MSG_CONFIGURE_SAFE_MEDIA_FORCED = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 2;
+    /*package*/ static final int MSG_PERSIST_SAFE_VOLUME_STATE = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 3;
+    /*package*/ static final int MSG_PERSIST_MUSIC_ACTIVE_MS = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 4;
+    /*package*/ static final int MSG_PERSIST_CSD_VALUES = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 5;
     /*package*/ static final int MSG_CSD_UPDATE_ATTENUATION = SAFE_MEDIA_VOLUME_MSG_START + 6;
 
     private static final int UNSAFE_VOLUME_MUSIC_ACTIVE_MS_MAX = (20 * 3600 * 1000); // 20 hours