diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 8d1e95c..1fb50b6 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@
     name: "android-non-updatable-stub-sources",
     srcs: [
         ":framework-mime-sources", // mimemap builds separately but has no separate droidstubs.
+        ":framework-minus-apex-aconfig-srcjars",
         ":framework-non-updatable-sources",
         ":opt-telephony-srcs",
         ":opt-net-voip-srcs",
diff --git a/BAL_OWNERS b/BAL_OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d56a1d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/BAL_OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+brufino@google.com
+achim@google.com
+topjohnwu@google.com
+lus@google.com
+
diff --git a/api/StubLibraries.bp b/api/StubLibraries.bp
index d566552..5688b96 100644
--- a/api/StubLibraries.bp
+++ b/api/StubLibraries.bp
@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    srcs: [
-        ":framework-minus-apex-aconfig-srcjars",
-    ],
     defaults: [
         "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
         "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
@@ -91,9 +88,6 @@
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "system-api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    srcs: [
-        ":framework-minus-apex-aconfig-srcjars",
-    ],
     defaults: [
         "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
         "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
@@ -134,9 +128,6 @@
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "test-api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    srcs: [
-        ":framework-minus-apex-aconfig-srcjars",
-    ],
     defaults: [
         "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
         "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
@@ -184,9 +175,6 @@
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "module-lib-api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    srcs: [
-        ":framework-minus-apex-aconfig-srcjars",
-    ],
     defaults: [
         "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
         "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
diff --git a/core/api/current.txt b/core/api/current.txt
index fd4da0d..7cf7e19 100644
--- a/core/api/current.txt
+++ b/core/api/current.txt
@@ -28951,6 +28951,7 @@
     method @NonNull public long[] getRetryIntervalsMillis();
     method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.vcn.VcnUnderlyingNetworkTemplate> getVcnUnderlyingNetworkPriorities();
     method public boolean hasGatewayOption(int);
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.net.vcn.safe_mode_config") public boolean isSafeModeEnabled();
     field public static final int VCN_GATEWAY_OPTION_ENABLE_DATA_STALL_RECOVERY_WITH_MOBILITY = 0; // 0x0
   }
 
@@ -28959,6 +28960,7 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder addExposedCapability(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder addGatewayOption(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig build();
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.net.vcn.safe_mode_config") @NonNull public android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder enableSafeMode(boolean);
     method @NonNull public android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder removeExposedCapability(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder removeGatewayOption(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder setMaxMtu(@IntRange(from=0x500) int);
@@ -32662,7 +32664,7 @@
     field public static final int S_V2 = 32; // 0x20
     field public static final int TIRAMISU = 33; // 0x21
     field public static final int UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE = 34; // 0x22
-    field public static final int VANILLA_ICE_CREAM = 10000; // 0x2710
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.os.android_os_build_vanilla_ice_cream") public static final int VANILLA_ICE_CREAM = 10000; // 0x2710
   }
 
   public final class Bundle extends android.os.BaseBundle implements java.lang.Cloneable android.os.Parcelable {
diff --git a/core/api/module-lib-current.txt b/core/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 7cfa1e3..1a22e9b 100644
--- a/core/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/core/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
   @UiContext public class Activity extends android.view.ContextThemeWrapper implements android.content.ComponentCallbacks2 android.view.KeyEvent.Callback android.view.LayoutInflater.Factory2 android.view.View.OnCreateContextMenuListener android.view.Window.Callback {
     method public final boolean addDumpable(@NonNull android.util.Dumpable);
-    method public final boolean isResumed();
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") public final boolean isResumed();
   }
 
   public class ActivityManager {
diff --git a/core/api/system-current.txt b/core/api/system-current.txt
index b6c9678..c1b70cb0 100644
--- a/core/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/core/api/system-current.txt
@@ -10244,6 +10244,7 @@
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS) public boolean enable();
     method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_reader_option") @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS) public boolean enableReaderOption(boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS) public boolean enableSecureNfc(boolean);
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") public int getAdapterState();
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS) public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Boolean> getTagIntentAppPreferenceForUser(int);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NFC_SET_CONTROLLER_ALWAYS_ON) public boolean isControllerAlwaysOn();
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NFC_SET_CONTROLLER_ALWAYS_ON) public boolean isControllerAlwaysOnSupported();
@@ -10254,6 +10255,7 @@
     method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS) public void setReaderMode(boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS) public int setTagIntentAppPreferenceForUser(int, @NonNull String, boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NFC_SET_CONTROLLER_ALWAYS_ON) public void unregisterControllerAlwaysOnListener(@NonNull android.nfc.NfcAdapter.ControllerAlwaysOnListener);
+    field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") public static final String ACTION_REQUIRE_UNLOCK_FOR_NFC = "android.nfc.action.REQUIRE_UNLOCK_FOR_NFC";
     field public static final int TAG_INTENT_APP_PREF_RESULT_PACKAGE_NOT_FOUND = -1; // 0xffffffff
     field public static final int TAG_INTENT_APP_PREF_RESULT_SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int TAG_INTENT_APP_PREF_RESULT_UNAVAILABLE = -2; // 0xfffffffe
@@ -10315,6 +10317,10 @@
     field @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nfc.cardemulation.ApduServiceInfo> CREATOR;
   }
 
+  public final class CardEmulation {
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nfc.cardemulation.ApduServiceInfo> getServices(@NonNull String, int);
+  }
+
   @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") public final class NfcFServiceInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
     ctor @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") public NfcFServiceInfo(@NonNull android.content.pm.PackageManager, @NonNull android.content.pm.ResolveInfo) throws java.io.IOException, org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
     method @FlaggedApi("android.nfc.enable_nfc_mainline") public int describeContents();
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/Activity.java b/core/java/android/app/Activity.java
index 2590869..06c139f 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/Activity.java
+++ b/core/java/android/app/Activity.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.ColorInt;
 import android.annotation.DrawableRes;
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IdRes;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.LayoutRes;
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@
 import android.media.AudioManager;
 import android.media.session.MediaController;
 import android.net.Uri;
+import android.nfc.Flags;
 import android.os.BadParcelableException;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
@@ -8915,6 +8917,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_ENABLE_NFC_MAINLINE)
     @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public final boolean isResumed() {
         return mResumed;
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/OWNERS b/core/java/android/app/OWNERS
index e1c45d9..164bdbe 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/OWNERS
+++ b/core/java/android/app/OWNERS
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 per-file GameState* = file:/GAME_MANAGER_OWNERS
 per-file IGameManager* = file:/GAME_MANAGER_OWNERS
 per-file IGameMode* = file:/GAME_MANAGER_OWNERS
+per-file BackgroundStartPrivileges.java = file:/BAL_OWNERS
 
 # ActivityThread
 per-file ActivityThread.java = file:/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/OWNERS
diff --git a/core/java/android/content/Intent.java b/core/java/android/content/Intent.java
index c3fd744..0fd0e15 100644
--- a/core/java/android/content/Intent.java
+++ b/core/java/android/content/Intent.java
@@ -1161,6 +1161,11 @@
      * numbers.  Applications can <strong>dial</strong> emergency numbers using
      * {@link #ACTION_DIAL}, however.
      *
+     * <p>Note: This Intent can only be used to dial call forwarding MMI codes if the application
+     * using this intent is set as the default or system dialer. The system will treat any other
+     * application using this Intent for the purpose of dialing call forwarding MMI codes as if the
+     * {@link #ACTION_DIAL} Intent was used instead.
+     *
      * <p>Note: An app filling the {@link android.app.role.RoleManager#ROLE_DIALER} role should use
      * {@link android.telecom.TelecomManager#placeCall(Uri, Bundle)} to place calls rather than
      * relying on this intent.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java b/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java
index a40fb15..779a8db 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@
 package android.net.vcn;
 
 import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.IKE_OPTION_MOBIKE;
+import static android.net.vcn.Flags.FLAG_SAFE_MODE_CONFIG;
 import static android.net.vcn.VcnUnderlyingNetworkTemplate.MATCH_REQUIRED;
 
 import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.IntRange;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -235,6 +237,9 @@
             "mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds";
     private final int mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds;
 
+    private static final String IS_SAFE_MODE_DISABLED_KEY = "mIsSafeModeDisabled";
+    private final boolean mIsSafeModeDisabled;
+
     private static final String GATEWAY_OPTIONS_KEY = "mGatewayOptions";
     @NonNull private final Set<Integer> mGatewayOptions;
 
@@ -247,6 +252,7 @@
             @NonNull long[] retryIntervalsMs,
             @IntRange(from = MIN_MTU_V6) int maxMtu,
             @NonNull int minUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds,
+            boolean isSafeModeDisabled,
             @NonNull Set<Integer> gatewayOptions) {
         mGatewayConnectionName = gatewayConnectionName;
         mTunnelConnectionParams = tunnelConnectionParams;
@@ -255,6 +261,7 @@
         mMaxMtu = maxMtu;
         mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds = minUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds;
         mGatewayOptions = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new ArraySet(gatewayOptions));
+        mIsSafeModeDisabled = isSafeModeDisabled;
 
         mUnderlyingNetworkTemplates = new ArrayList<>(underlyingNetworkTemplates);
         if (mUnderlyingNetworkTemplates.isEmpty()) {
@@ -317,6 +324,7 @@
                 in.getInt(
                         MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_KEY,
                         MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_UNSET);
+        mIsSafeModeDisabled = in.getBoolean(IS_SAFE_MODE_DISABLED_KEY);
 
         validate();
     }
@@ -483,6 +491,16 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Check whether safe mode is enabled
+     *
+     * @see Builder#enableSafeMode(boolean)
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(FLAG_SAFE_MODE_CONFIG)
+    public boolean isSafeModeEnabled() {
+        return !mIsSafeModeDisabled;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Checks if the given VCN gateway option is enabled.
      *
      * @param option the option to check.
@@ -528,6 +546,7 @@
         result.putLongArray(RETRY_INTERVAL_MS_KEY, mRetryIntervalsMs);
         result.putInt(MAX_MTU_KEY, mMaxMtu);
         result.putInt(MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_KEY, mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds);
+        result.putBoolean(IS_SAFE_MODE_DISABLED_KEY, mIsSafeModeDisabled);
 
         return result;
     }
@@ -542,6 +561,7 @@
                 Arrays.hashCode(mRetryIntervalsMs),
                 mMaxMtu,
                 mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds,
+                mIsSafeModeDisabled,
                 mGatewayOptions);
     }
 
@@ -559,6 +579,7 @@
                 && Arrays.equals(mRetryIntervalsMs, rhs.mRetryIntervalsMs)
                 && mMaxMtu == rhs.mMaxMtu
                 && mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds == rhs.mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds
+                && mIsSafeModeDisabled == rhs.mIsSafeModeDisabled
                 && mGatewayOptions.equals(rhs.mGatewayOptions);
     }
 
@@ -577,6 +598,7 @@
         @NonNull private long[] mRetryIntervalsMs = DEFAULT_RETRY_INTERVALS_MS;
         private int mMaxMtu = DEFAULT_MAX_MTU;
         private int mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds = MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_UNSET;
+        private boolean mIsSafeModeDisabled = false;
 
         @NonNull private final Set<Integer> mGatewayOptions = new ArraySet<>();
 
@@ -789,6 +811,27 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Enable/disable safe mode
+         *
+         * <p>If a VCN fails to provide connectivity within a system-provided timeout, it will enter
+         * safe mode. In safe mode, the VCN Network will be torn down and the system will restore
+         * connectivity by allowing underlying cellular networks to be used as default. At the same
+         * time, VCN will continue to retry until it succeeds.
+         *
+         * <p>When safe mode is disabled and VCN connection fails to provide connectivity, end users
+         * might not have connectivity, and may not have access to carrier-owned underlying
+         * networks.
+         *
+         * @param enabled whether safe mode should be enabled. Defaults to {@code true}
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(FLAG_SAFE_MODE_CONFIG)
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder enableSafeMode(boolean enabled) {
+            mIsSafeModeDisabled = !enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Builds and validates the VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.
          *
          * @return an immutable VcnGatewayConnectionConfig instance
@@ -803,6 +846,7 @@
                     mRetryIntervalsMs,
                     mMaxMtu,
                     mMinUdpPort4500NatTimeoutSeconds,
+                    mIsSafeModeDisabled,
                     mGatewayOptions);
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl
index 53843fe..c7b3b2c 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/INfcCardEmulation.aidl
@@ -40,5 +40,6 @@
     boolean unsetPreferredService();
     boolean supportsAidPrefixRegistration();
     ApduServiceInfo getPreferredPaymentService(int userHandle);
+    boolean setServiceEnabledForCategoryOther(int userHandle, in ComponentName app, boolean status);
     boolean isDefaultPaymentRegistered();
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
index 4a7bd3f..c897595 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.java
@@ -378,6 +378,8 @@
      * <p>An external NFC field detected when device locked and SecureNfc enabled.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_ENABLE_NFC_MAINLINE)
     public static final String ACTION_REQUIRE_UNLOCK_FOR_NFC =
             "android.nfc.action.REQUIRE_UNLOCK_FOR_NFC";
 
@@ -944,7 +946,8 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @SystemApi
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_ENABLE_NFC_MAINLINE)
     public int getAdapterState() {
         try {
             return sService.getState();
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/ApduServiceInfo.java b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/ApduServiceInfo.java
index 665b753..9cf8c4d 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/ApduServiceInfo.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/ApduServiceInfo.java
@@ -127,6 +127,11 @@
     private final String mSettingsActivityName;
 
     /**
+     * State of the service for CATEGORY_OTHER selection
+     */
+    private boolean mOtherServiceSelectionState;
+
+    /**
      * @hide
      */
     public ApduServiceInfo(ResolveInfo info, boolean onHost, String description,
@@ -134,8 +139,21 @@
             boolean requiresUnlock, int bannerResource, int uid,
             String settingsActivityName, String offHost, String staticOffHost) {
         this(info, onHost, description, staticAidGroups, dynamicAidGroups,
+                requiresUnlock, bannerResource, uid, settingsActivityName,
+                offHost, staticOffHost, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public ApduServiceInfo(ResolveInfo info, boolean onHost, String description,
+            List<AidGroup> staticAidGroups, List<AidGroup> dynamicAidGroups,
+            boolean requiresUnlock, int bannerResource, int uid,
+            String settingsActivityName, String offHost, String staticOffHost,
+            boolean isSelected) {
+        this(info, onHost, description, staticAidGroups, dynamicAidGroups,
                 requiresUnlock, onHost ? true : false, bannerResource, uid,
-                settingsActivityName, offHost, staticOffHost);
+                settingsActivityName, offHost, staticOffHost, isSelected);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -144,7 +162,7 @@
     public ApduServiceInfo(ResolveInfo info, boolean onHost, String description,
             List<AidGroup> staticAidGroups, List<AidGroup> dynamicAidGroups,
             boolean requiresUnlock, boolean requiresScreenOn, int bannerResource, int uid,
-            String settingsActivityName, String offHost, String staticOffHost) {
+            String settingsActivityName, String offHost, String staticOffHost, boolean isSelected) {
         this.mService = info;
         this.mDescription = description;
         this.mStaticAidGroups = new HashMap<String, AidGroup>();
@@ -163,6 +181,8 @@
         this.mBannerResourceId = bannerResource;
         this.mUid = uid;
         this.mSettingsActivityName = settingsActivityName;
+        this.mOtherServiceSelectionState = isSelected;
+
     }
 
     /**
@@ -351,6 +371,9 @@
         }
         // Set uid
         mUid = si.applicationInfo.uid;
+
+        mOtherServiceSelectionState = false;    // support other category
+
     }
 
     /**
@@ -720,43 +743,47 @@
         dest.writeInt(mBannerResourceId);
         dest.writeInt(mUid);
         dest.writeString(mSettingsActivityName);
+
+        dest.writeInt(mOtherServiceSelectionState ? 1 : 0);
     };
 
     @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_ENABLE_NFC_MAINLINE)
     public static final @NonNull Parcelable.Creator<ApduServiceInfo> CREATOR =
             new Parcelable.Creator<ApduServiceInfo>() {
-        @Override
-        public ApduServiceInfo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
-            ResolveInfo info = ResolveInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(source);
-            String description = source.readString();
-            boolean onHost = source.readInt() != 0;
-            String offHostName = source.readString();
-            String staticOffHostName = source.readString();
-            ArrayList<AidGroup> staticAidGroups = new ArrayList<AidGroup>();
-            int numStaticGroups = source.readInt();
-            if (numStaticGroups > 0) {
-                source.readTypedList(staticAidGroups, AidGroup.CREATOR);
-            }
-            ArrayList<AidGroup> dynamicAidGroups = new ArrayList<AidGroup>();
-            int numDynamicGroups = source.readInt();
-            if (numDynamicGroups > 0) {
-                source.readTypedList(dynamicAidGroups, AidGroup.CREATOR);
-            }
-            boolean requiresUnlock = source.readInt() != 0;
-            boolean requiresScreenOn = source.readInt() != 0;
-            int bannerResource = source.readInt();
-            int uid = source.readInt();
-            String settingsActivityName = source.readString();
-            return new ApduServiceInfo(info, onHost, description, staticAidGroups,
-                    dynamicAidGroups, requiresUnlock, requiresScreenOn, bannerResource, uid,
-                    settingsActivityName, offHostName, staticOffHostName);
-        }
+                @Override
+                public ApduServiceInfo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
+                    ResolveInfo info = ResolveInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(source);
+                    String description = source.readString();
+                    boolean onHost = source.readInt() != 0;
+                    String offHostName = source.readString();
+                    String staticOffHostName = source.readString();
+                    ArrayList<AidGroup> staticAidGroups = new ArrayList<AidGroup>();
+                    int numStaticGroups = source.readInt();
+                    if (numStaticGroups > 0) {
+                        source.readTypedList(staticAidGroups, AidGroup.CREATOR);
+                    }
+                    ArrayList<AidGroup> dynamicAidGroups = new ArrayList<AidGroup>();
+                    int numDynamicGroups = source.readInt();
+                    if (numDynamicGroups > 0) {
+                        source.readTypedList(dynamicAidGroups, AidGroup.CREATOR);
+                    }
+                    boolean requiresUnlock = source.readInt() != 0;
+                    boolean requiresScreenOn = source.readInt() != 0;
+                    int bannerResource = source.readInt();
+                    int uid = source.readInt();
+                    String settingsActivityName = source.readString();
+                    boolean isSelected = source.readInt() != 0;
+                    return new ApduServiceInfo(info, onHost, description, staticAidGroups,
+                            dynamicAidGroups, requiresUnlock, requiresScreenOn, bannerResource, uid,
+                            settingsActivityName, offHostName, staticOffHostName,
+                            isSelected);
+                }
 
-        @Override
-        public ApduServiceInfo[] newArray(int size) {
-            return new ApduServiceInfo[size];
-        }
-    };
+                @Override
+                public ApduServiceInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new ApduServiceInfo[size];
+                }
+            };
 
     /**
      * Dump contents for debugging.
@@ -779,14 +806,16 @@
         }
         pw.println("    Static AID groups:");
         for (AidGroup group : mStaticAidGroups.values()) {
-            pw.println("        Category: " + group.getCategory());
+            pw.println("        Category: " + group.getCategory()
+                    + "(selected: " + mOtherServiceSelectionState + ")");
             for (String aid : group.getAids()) {
                 pw.println("            AID: " + aid);
             }
         }
         pw.println("    Dynamic AID groups:");
         for (AidGroup group : mDynamicAidGroups.values()) {
-            pw.println("        Category: " + group.getCategory());
+            pw.println("        Category: " + group.getCategory()
+                    + "(selected: " + mOtherServiceSelectionState + ")");
             for (String aid : group.getAids()) {
                 pw.println("            AID: " + aid);
             }
@@ -796,6 +825,22 @@
         pw.println("    Requires Device ScreenOn: " + mRequiresDeviceScreenOn);
     }
 
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setOtherServiceState(boolean selected) {
+        mOtherServiceSelectionState = selected;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isSelectedOtherService() {
+        return mOtherServiceSelectionState;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Dump debugging info as ApduServiceInfoProto.
      *
diff --git a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java
index 32c2a1b..d048b59 100644
--- a/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java
+++ b/core/java/android/nfc/cardemulation/CardEmulation.java
@@ -16,17 +16,21 @@
 
 package android.nfc.cardemulation;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.nfc.Constants;
+import android.nfc.Flags;
 import android.nfc.INfcCardEmulation;
 import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -877,9 +881,16 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Retrieves list of services registered of the provided category for the provided user.
+     *
+     * @param category Category string, one of {@link #CATEGORY_PAYMENT} or {@link #CATEGORY_OTHER}
+     * @param userId the user handle of the user whose information is being requested.
      * @hide
      */
-    public List<ApduServiceInfo> getServices(String category, int userId) {
+    @SystemApi
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_ENABLE_NFC_MAINLINE)
+    @NonNull
+    public List<ApduServiceInfo> getServices(@NonNull String category, @UserIdInt int userId) {
         try {
             return sService.getServices(userId, category);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -936,6 +947,39 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Allows to set or unset preferred service (category other) to avoid  AID Collision.
+     *
+     * @param service The ComponentName of the service
+     * @param status  true to enable, false to disable
+     * @return set service for the category and true if service is already set return false.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean setServiceEnabledForCategoryOther(ComponentName service, boolean status) {
+        if (service == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("activity or service or category is null");
+        }
+        int userId = mContext.getUser().getIdentifier();
+
+        try {
+            return sService.setServiceEnabledForCategoryOther(userId, service, status);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Try one more time
+            recoverService();
+            if (sService == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to recover CardEmulationService.");
+                return false;
+            }
+            try {
+                return sService.setServiceEnabledForCategoryOther(userId, service, status);
+            } catch (RemoteException ee) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to reach CardEmulationService.");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     void recoverService() {
         NfcAdapter adapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(mContext);
         sService = adapter.getCardEmulationService();
diff --git a/core/java/android/os/BatteryManager.java b/core/java/android/os/BatteryManager.java
index 6a4ec9b..25fba60 100644
--- a/core/java/android/os/BatteryManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/os/BatteryManager.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.Manifest.permission;
 import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.SystemService;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
@@ -236,6 +237,7 @@
                                             OsProtoEnums.CHARGING_POLICY_ADAPTIVE_LONGLIFE; // = 4
 
     /** @hide */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi") // TestApi without associated feature.
     @TestApi
     public static final int BATTERY_PLUGGED_ANY =
             BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC | BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB | BATTERY_PLUGGED_WIRELESS
diff --git a/core/java/android/os/Build.java b/core/java/android/os/Build.java
index 509c3b8..a9b7257 100755
--- a/core/java/android/os/Build.java
+++ b/core/java/android/os/Build.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.os;
 
 import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
@@ -1227,6 +1228,7 @@
         /**
          * Vanilla Ice Cream.
          */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_ANDROID_OS_BUILD_VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
         public static final int VANILLA_ICE_CREAM = CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
     }
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/os/flags.aconfig b/core/java/android/os/flags.aconfig
index 77229c4..4031153 100644
--- a/core/java/android/os/flags.aconfig
+++ b/core/java/android/os/flags.aconfig
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 package: "android.os"
 
 flag {
+    name: "android_os_build_vanilla_ice_cream"
+    namespace: "build"
+    description: "Feature flag for adding the VANILLA_ICE_CREAM constant."
+    bug: "264658905"
+}
+
+flag {
     name: "state_of_health_public"
     namespace: "system_sw_battery"
     description: "Feature flag for making state_of_health a public api."
diff --git a/core/java/android/window/flags/OWNERS b/core/java/android/window/flags/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa81ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/android/window/flags/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+per-file responsible_apis.aconfig = file:/BAL_OWNERS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
index 965277c..1c5f4f0 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
@@ -868,6 +868,11 @@
                                  args.mPkgDataInfoList, args.mAllowlistedDataInfoList,
                                  args.mBindMountAppDataDirs, args.mBindMountAppStorageDirs);
 
+            // While `specializeAppProcess` sets the thread name on the process's main thread, this
+            // is distinct from the app process name which appears in stack traces, as the latter is
+            // sourced from the argument buffer of the Process class. Set the app process name here.
+            Zygote.setAppProcessName(args, TAG);
+
             Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
 
             return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(args.mTargetSdkVersion,
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java
index 993e4e7..5fe086d 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java
@@ -296,7 +296,6 @@
                     } else {
                         // child; result is a Runnable.
                         zygoteServer.setForkChild();
-                        Zygote.setAppProcessName(parsedArgs, TAG);  // ??? Necessary?
                         return result;
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/widget/LockPatternUtils.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/widget/LockPatternUtils.java
index 8d11672..a3e0016 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/widget/LockPatternUtils.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/widget/LockPatternUtils.java
@@ -1105,10 +1105,9 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public long setLockoutAttemptDeadline(int userId, int timeoutMs) {
         final long deadline = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + timeoutMs;
-        if (isSpecialUserId(userId)) {
-            // For secure password storage (that is required for special users such as FRP), the
-            // underlying storage also enforces the deadline. Since we cannot store settings
-            // for special users, don't.
+        if (userId == USER_FRP) {
+            // For secure password storage (that is required for FRP), the underlying storage also
+            // enforces the deadline. Since we cannot store settings for the FRP user, don't.
             return deadline;
         }
         mLockoutDeadlines.put(userId, deadline);
diff --git a/core/tests/coretests/src/android/app/OWNERS b/core/tests/coretests/src/android/app/OWNERS
index 64f5e6c..5636f9b 100644
--- a/core/tests/coretests/src/android/app/OWNERS
+++ b/core/tests/coretests/src/android/app/OWNERS
@@ -10,3 +10,7 @@
 
 # KeyguardManagerTest
 per-file KeyguardManagerTest.java = file:/services/core/java/com/android/server/locksettings/OWNERS
+
+# Files related to background activity launches
+per-file Background*Start* = file:/BAL_OWNERS
+
diff --git a/keystore/java/android/security/keystore/KeyGenParameterSpec.java b/keystore/java/android/security/keystore/KeyGenParameterSpec.java
index 1ba41b1..b714035 100644
--- a/keystore/java/android/security/keystore/KeyGenParameterSpec.java
+++ b/keystore/java/android/security/keystore/KeyGenParameterSpec.java
@@ -1596,6 +1596,8 @@
          * {@link #getAttestationChallenge()} returns non-null and the spec is used to generate a
          * symmetric (AES or HMAC) key, {@link javax.crypto.KeyGenerator#generateKey()} will throw
          * {@link java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException}.
+         *
+         * <p>The challenge may be up to 128 bytes.
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder setAttestationChallenge(byte[] attestationChallenge) {
diff --git a/native/android/system_fonts.cpp b/native/android/system_fonts.cpp
index fe3132e..ceab164 100644
--- a/native/android/system_fonts.cpp
+++ b/native/android/system_fonts.cpp
@@ -21,23 +21,21 @@
 #include <android/font.h>
 #include <android/font_matcher.h>
 #include <android/system_fonts.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <hwui/MinikinSkia.h>
+#include <libxml/parser.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <minikin/FontCollection.h>
+#include <minikin/LocaleList.h>
+#include <minikin/SystemFonts.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <libxml/tree.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <hwui/MinikinSkia.h>
-#include <minikin/FontCollection.h>
-#include <minikin/LocaleList.h>
-#include <minikin/SystemFonts.h>
-
 struct XmlCharDeleter {
     void operator()(xmlChar* b) { xmlFree(b); }
 };
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerShellCommand.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerShellCommand.java
index 2e45da3..d56448d 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerShellCommand.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerShellCommand.java
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@
                 synchronized (mInternal.mOomAdjuster.mCachedAppOptimizer.mFreezerLock) {
                     app.mOptRecord.setFreezeSticky(isSticky);
                     mInternal.mOomAdjuster.mCachedAppOptimizer.unfreezeAppInternalLSP(app, 0,
-                            false);
+                            true);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java
index a5a934f..550ad5d 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementService.java
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.DumpUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.server.FgThread;
@@ -1059,17 +1060,25 @@
                 Log.w(TAG, "setDataSaverMode(): already " + mDataSaverMode);
                 return true;
             }
-            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "bandwidthEnableDataSaver");
+            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "setDataSaverModeEnabled");
             try {
-                final boolean changed = mNetdService.bandwidthEnableDataSaver(enable);
-                if (changed) {
+                if (Flags.setDataSaverViaCm()) {
+                    // setDataSaverEnabled throws if it fails to set data saver.
+                    mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class)
+                            .setDataSaverEnabled(enable);
                     mDataSaverMode = enable;
+                    return true;
                 } else {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "setDataSaverMode(" + enable + "): netd command silently failed");
+                    final boolean changed = mNetdService.bandwidthEnableDataSaver(enable);
+                    if (changed) {
+                        mDataSaverMode = enable;
+                    } else {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "setDataSaverMode(" + enable + "): failed to set iptables");
+                    }
+                    return changed;
                 }
-                return changed;
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                Log.w(TAG, "setDataSaverMode(" + enable + "): netd command failed", e);
+            } catch (RemoteException | IllegalStateException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "setDataSaverMode(" + enable + "): failed with exception", e);
                 return false;
             } finally {
                 Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/OtaDexoptService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/OtaDexoptService.java
index 6a2ddc8..ea082cf 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/OtaDexoptService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/OtaDexoptService.java
@@ -159,6 +159,9 @@
             if (pkgSetting.getPkg().isCoreApp()) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Found a core app that's not important");
             }
+            // Use REASON_FIRST_BOOT to query "pm.dexopt.first-boot" for the compiler filter, but
+            // the reason itself won't make it into the actual compiler reason because it will be
+            // overridden in otapreopt.cpp.
             mDexoptCommands.addAll(generatePackageDexopts(pkgSetting.getPkg(), pkgSetting,
                     PackageManagerService.REASON_FIRST_BOOT));
         }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnContext.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnContext.java
index d958222..9213d96 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnContext.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnContext.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.vcn.FeatureFlags;
+import android.net.vcn.FeatureFlagsImpl;
 import android.os.Looper;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@
     @NonNull private final Context mContext;
     @NonNull private final Looper mLooper;
     @NonNull private final VcnNetworkProvider mVcnNetworkProvider;
+    @NonNull private final FeatureFlags mFeatureFlags;
     private final boolean mIsInTestMode;
 
     public VcnContext(
@@ -42,6 +45,9 @@
         mLooper = Objects.requireNonNull(looper, "Missing looper");
         mVcnNetworkProvider = Objects.requireNonNull(vcnNetworkProvider, "Missing networkProvider");
         mIsInTestMode = isInTestMode;
+
+        // Auto-generated class
+        mFeatureFlags = new FeatureFlagsImpl();
     }
 
     @NonNull
@@ -63,6 +69,11 @@
         return mIsInTestMode;
     }
 
+    @NonNull
+    public FeatureFlags getFeatureFlags() {
+        return mFeatureFlags;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Verifies that the caller is running on the VcnContext Thread.
      *
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnection.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnection.java
index d480ddb..54c97dd 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnection.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnection.java
@@ -1222,6 +1222,14 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting(visibility = Visibility.PRIVATE)
     void setSafeModeAlarm() {
+        final boolean isFlagSafeModeConfigEnabled = mVcnContext.getFeatureFlags().safeModeConfig();
+        logVdbg("isFlagSafeModeConfigEnabled " + isFlagSafeModeConfigEnabled);
+
+        if (isFlagSafeModeConfigEnabled && !mConnectionConfig.isSafeModeEnabled()) {
+            logVdbg("setSafeModeAlarm: safe mode disabled");
+            return;
+        }
+
         logVdbg("Setting safe mode alarm; mCurrentToken: " + mCurrentToken);
 
         // Only schedule a NEW alarm if none is already set.
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/OWNERS b/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/OWNERS
index f8c39d0..cd70447 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/OWNERS
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/OWNERS
@@ -18,5 +18,8 @@
 yunfanc@google.com
 wilsonshih@google.com
 
-per-file BackgroundActivityStartController.java = set noparent
-per-file BackgroundActivityStartController.java = brufino@google.com, topjohnwu@google.com, achim@google.com, ogunwale@google.com, louischang@google.com, lus@google.com
+# Files related to background activity launches
+per-file Background*Start* = set noparent
+per-file Background*Start* = file:/BAL_OWNERS
+per-file Background*Start* = ogunwale@google.com, louischang@google.com
+
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainer.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainer.java
index 9a0e47d..eba9bf6 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainer.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainer.java
@@ -1637,8 +1637,8 @@
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!StorageManager.isUserKeyUnlocked(mCurrentUser)) {
-            // Can't launch home on secondary display areas if device is still locked.
+        if (!StorageManager.isCeStorageUnlocked(mCurrentUser)) {
+            // Can't launch home on secondary display areas if CE storage is still locked.
             return false;
         }
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/Task.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/Task.java
index 3063d46..46ca445 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/Task.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/Task.java
@@ -6510,11 +6510,11 @@
                 mActivityType = ACTIVITY_TYPE_STANDARD;
             }
 
-            if (mActivityType != ACTIVITY_TYPE_STANDARD
+            if (!DisplayContent.alwaysCreateRootTask(tda.getWindowingMode(), mActivityType)
                     && mActivityType != ACTIVITY_TYPE_UNDEFINED) {
-                // For now there can be only one root task of a particular non-standard activity
-                // type on a display. So, get that ignoring whatever windowing mode it is
-                // currently in.
+                // Only Recents or Standard activity types are allowed to have more than one
+                // root task on a display, this is independent of whatever windowing mode it
+                // is currently in.
                 Task rootTask = tda.getRootTask(WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED, mActivityType);
                 if (rootTask != null) {
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Root task=" + rootTask + " of activityType="
diff --git a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
index af144cf..2cdfbff 100644
--- a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
+++ b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats;
+import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -263,7 +264,11 @@
         verify(mCm).addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(TEST_UID);
 
         mNMService.setDataSaverModeEnabled(true);
-        verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(true);
+        if (Flags.setDataSaverViaCm()) {
+            verify(mCm).setDataSaverEnabled(true);
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(true);
+        }
 
         mNMService.setUidOnMeteredNetworkDenylist(TEST_UID, false);
         assertTrue("Should be true since data saver is on and the uid is not allowlisted",
@@ -279,7 +284,11 @@
         mNMService.setUidOnMeteredNetworkAllowlist(TEST_UID, false);
         verify(mCm).removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(TEST_UID);
         mNMService.setDataSaverModeEnabled(false);
-        verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(false);
+        if (Flags.setDataSaverViaCm()) {
+            verify(mCm).setDataSaverEnabled(false);
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(false);
+        }
         assertFalse("Network should not be restricted when data saver is off",
                 mNMService.isNetworkRestricted(TEST_UID));
     }
diff --git a/services/tests/wmtests/src/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainerTests.java b/services/tests/wmtests/src/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainerTests.java
index 3bc6450..b92cc64 100644
--- a/services/tests/wmtests/src/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainerTests.java
+++ b/services/tests/wmtests/src/com/android/server/wm/RootWindowContainerTests.java
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
                 new TestDisplayContent.Builder(mAtm, 1000, 1500)
                         .setSystemDecorations(true).build();
 
-        // Use invalid user id to let StorageManager.isUserKeyUnlocked() return false.
+        // Use invalid user id to let StorageManager.isCeStorageUnlocked() return false.
         final int currentUser = mRootWindowContainer.mCurrentUser;
         mRootWindowContainer.mCurrentUser = -1;
 
diff --git a/telecomm/java/android/telecom/TelecomManager.java b/telecomm/java/android/telecom/TelecomManager.java
index a72f780..89ef523 100644
--- a/telecomm/java/android/telecom/TelecomManager.java
+++ b/telecomm/java/android/telecom/TelecomManager.java
@@ -2352,6 +2352,11 @@
      * <p>
      * <b>Note</b>: {@link android.app.Notification.CallStyle} notifications should be posted after
      * the call is placed in order for the notification to be non-dismissible.
+     * <p><b>Note</b>: Call Forwarding MMI codes can only be dialed by applications that are
+     * configured as the user defined default dialer or system dialer role. If a call containing a
+     * call forwarding MMI code is placed by an application that is not in one of these roles, the
+     * dialer will be launched with a UI showing the MMI code already populated so that the user can
+     * confirm the action before the call is placed.
      * @param address The address to make the call to.
      * @param extras Bundle of extras to use with the call.
      */
diff --git a/tests/vcn/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfigTest.java b/tests/vcn/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfigTest.java
index a1a39ff..cb37821 100644
--- a/tests/vcn/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfigTest.java
+++ b/tests/vcn/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfigTest.java
@@ -117,6 +117,16 @@
         return buildTestConfig(UNDERLYING_NETWORK_TEMPLATES);
     }
 
+    // Public for use in VcnGatewayConnectionTest
+    public static VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder newTestBuilderMinimal() {
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder builder = newBuilder();
+        for (int caps : EXPOSED_CAPS) {
+            builder.addExposedCapability(caps);
+        }
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
     private static VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder newBuilder() {
         // Append a unique identifier to the name prefix to guarantee that all created
         // VcnGatewayConnectionConfigs have a unique name (required by VcnConfig).
@@ -125,6 +135,17 @@
                 TUNNEL_CONNECTION_PARAMS);
     }
 
+    private static VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder newBuilderMinimal() {
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder builder =
+                new VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder(
+                        "newBuilderMinimal", TUNNEL_CONNECTION_PARAMS);
+        for (int caps : EXPOSED_CAPS) {
+            builder.addExposedCapability(caps);
+        }
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
     private static VcnGatewayConnectionConfig buildTestConfigWithExposedCapsAndOptions(
             VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.Builder builder,
             Set<Integer> gatewayOptions,
@@ -273,6 +294,7 @@
 
         assertArrayEquals(RETRY_INTERVALS_MS, config.getRetryIntervalsMillis());
         assertEquals(MAX_MTU, config.getMaxMtu());
+        assertTrue(config.isSafeModeEnabled());
 
         assertFalse(
                 config.hasGatewayOption(
@@ -290,6 +312,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testBuilderAndGettersSafeModeDisabled() {
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig config = newBuilderMinimal().enableSafeMode(false).build();
+
+        assertFalse(config.isSafeModeEnabled());
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testPersistableBundle() {
         final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig config = buildTestConfig();
 
@@ -305,6 +334,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testPersistableBundleSafeModeDisabled() {
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig config = newBuilderMinimal().enableSafeMode(false).build();
+
+        assertEquals(config, new VcnGatewayConnectionConfig(config.toPersistableBundle()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testParsePersistableBundleWithoutVcnUnderlyingNetworkTemplates() {
         PersistableBundle configBundle = buildTestConfig().toPersistableBundle();
         configBundle.putPersistableBundle(UNDERLYING_NETWORK_TEMPLATES_KEY, null);
@@ -411,4 +447,18 @@
         assertEquals(config, configEqual);
         assertNotEquals(config, configNotEqual);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSafeModeEnableDisableEquality() throws Exception {
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig config = newBuilderMinimal().build();
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig configEqual = newBuilderMinimal().build();
+
+        assertEquals(config.isSafeModeEnabled(), configEqual.isSafeModeEnabled());
+
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig configNotEqual =
+                newBuilderMinimal().enableSafeMode(false).build();
+
+        assertEquals(config, configEqual);
+        assertNotEquals(config, configNotEqual);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConnectedStateTest.java b/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConnectedStateTest.java
index 302af52..bf73198 100644
--- a/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConnectedStateTest.java
+++ b/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConnectedStateTest.java
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.vcn.VcnGatewayConnection.VcnChildSessionCallback;
+import com.android.server.vcn.VcnGatewayConnection.VcnChildSessionConfiguration;
+import com.android.server.vcn.VcnGatewayConnection.VcnIkeSession;
+import com.android.server.vcn.VcnGatewayConnection.VcnNetworkAgent;
 import com.android.server.vcn.routeselection.UnderlyingNetworkRecord;
 import com.android.server.vcn.util.MtuUtils;
 
@@ -651,6 +654,74 @@
         verifySafeModeStateAndCallbackFired(2 /* invocationCount */, true /* isInSafeMode */);
     }
 
+    private void verifySetSafeModeAlarm(
+            boolean safeModeEnabledByCaller,
+            boolean safeModeConfigFlagEnabled,
+            boolean expectingSafeModeEnabled)
+            throws Exception {
+        final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig config =
+                VcnGatewayConnectionConfigTest.newTestBuilderMinimal()
+                        .enableSafeMode(safeModeEnabledByCaller)
+                        .build();
+        final VcnGatewayConnection.Dependencies deps =
+                mock(VcnGatewayConnection.Dependencies.class);
+        setUpWakeupMessage(
+                mSafeModeTimeoutAlarm, VcnGatewayConnection.SAFEMODE_TIMEOUT_ALARM, deps);
+        doReturn(safeModeConfigFlagEnabled).when(mFeatureFlags).safeModeConfig();
+
+        final VcnGatewayConnection connection =
+                new VcnGatewayConnection(
+                        mVcnContext,
+                        TEST_SUB_GRP,
+                        TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_SNAPSHOT,
+                        config,
+                        mGatewayStatusCallback,
+                        true /* isMobileDataEnabled */,
+                        deps);
+
+        connection.setSafeModeAlarm();
+
+        final int expectedCallCnt = expectingSafeModeEnabled ? 1 : 0;
+        verify(deps, times(expectedCallCnt))
+                .newWakeupMessage(
+                        eq(mVcnContext),
+                        any(),
+                        eq(VcnGatewayConnection.SAFEMODE_TIMEOUT_ALARM),
+                        any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSafeModeEnabled_configFlagEnabled() throws Exception {
+        verifySetSafeModeAlarm(
+                true /* safeModeEnabledByCaller */,
+                true /* safeModeConfigFlagEnabled */,
+                true /* expectingSafeModeEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSafeModeEnabled_configFlagDisabled() throws Exception {
+        verifySetSafeModeAlarm(
+                true /* safeModeEnabledByCaller */,
+                false /* safeModeConfigFlagEnabled */,
+                true /* expectingSafeModeEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSafeModeDisabled_configFlagEnabled() throws Exception {
+        verifySetSafeModeAlarm(
+                false /* safeModeEnabledByCaller */,
+                true /* safeModeConfigFlagEnabled */,
+                false /* expectingSafeModeEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSafeModeDisabled_configFlagDisabled() throws Exception {
+        verifySetSafeModeAlarm(
+                false /* safeModeEnabledByCaller */,
+                false /* safeModeConfigFlagEnabled */,
+                true /* expectingSafeModeEnabled */);
+    }
+
     private Consumer<VcnNetworkAgent> setupNetworkAndGetUnwantedCallback() {
         triggerChildOpened();
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
diff --git a/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionTestBase.java b/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionTestBase.java
index 5efbf59..edced87 100644
--- a/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionTestBase.java
+++ b/tests/vcn/java/com/android/server/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionTestBase.java
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionCallback;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConfiguration;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConnectionInfo;
+import android.net.vcn.FeatureFlags;
 import android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfig;
 import android.net.vcn.VcnGatewayConnectionConfigTest;
 import android.os.ParcelUuid;
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@
     @NonNull protected final Context mContext;
     @NonNull protected final TestLooper mTestLooper;
     @NonNull protected final VcnNetworkProvider mVcnNetworkProvider;
+    @NonNull protected final FeatureFlags mFeatureFlags;
     @NonNull protected final VcnContext mVcnContext;
     @NonNull protected final VcnGatewayConnectionConfig mConfig;
     @NonNull protected final VcnGatewayStatusCallback mGatewayStatusCallback;
@@ -190,6 +192,7 @@
         mContext = mock(Context.class);
         mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
         mVcnNetworkProvider = mock(VcnNetworkProvider.class);
+        mFeatureFlags = mock(FeatureFlags.class);
         mVcnContext = mock(VcnContext.class);
         mConfig = VcnGatewayConnectionConfigTest.buildTestConfig();
         mGatewayStatusCallback = mock(VcnGatewayStatusCallback.class);
@@ -222,6 +225,7 @@
         doReturn(mContext).when(mVcnContext).getContext();
         doReturn(mTestLooper.getLooper()).when(mVcnContext).getLooper();
         doReturn(mVcnNetworkProvider).when(mVcnContext).getVcnNetworkProvider();
+        doReturn(mFeatureFlags).when(mVcnContext).getFeatureFlags();
 
         doReturn(mUnderlyingNetworkController)
                 .when(mDeps)
@@ -241,8 +245,15 @@
         doReturn(ELAPSED_REAL_TIME).when(mDeps).getElapsedRealTime();
     }
 
+    protected void setUpWakeupMessage(
+            @NonNull WakeupMessage msg,
+            @NonNull String cmdName,
+            VcnGatewayConnection.Dependencies deps) {
+        doReturn(msg).when(deps).newWakeupMessage(eq(mVcnContext), any(), eq(cmdName), any());
+    }
+
     private void setUpWakeupMessage(@NonNull WakeupMessage msg, @NonNull String cmdName) {
-        doReturn(msg).when(mDeps).newWakeupMessage(eq(mVcnContext), any(), eq(cmdName), any());
+        setUpWakeupMessage(msg, cmdName, mDeps);
     }
 
     @Before
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/Android.bp b/tools/aapt2/Android.bp
index 0d6dc35..ed3e1ac 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/Android.bp
@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@
         "link/AutoVersioner.cpp",
         "link/ManifestFixer.cpp",
         "link/NoDefaultResourceRemover.cpp",
-        "link/ProductFilter.cpp",
         "link/PrivateAttributeMover.cpp",
         "link/ReferenceLinker.cpp",
         "link/ResourceExcluder.cpp",
@@ -134,6 +133,7 @@
         "optimize/ResourceFilter.cpp",
         "optimize/Obfuscator.cpp",
         "optimize/VersionCollapser.cpp",
+        "process/ProductFilter.cpp",
         "process/SymbolTable.cpp",
         "split/TableSplitter.cpp",
         "text/Printer.cpp",
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.cpp b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.cpp
index 03f9715..bb7b13a 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.cpp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include "io/StringStream.h"
 #include "io/Util.h"
 #include "io/ZipArchive.h"
+#include "process/ProductFilter.h"
 #include "trace/TraceBuffer.h"
 #include "util/Files.h"
 #include "util/Util.h"
@@ -179,6 +180,15 @@
     if (!res_parser.Parse(&xml_parser)) {
       return false;
     }
+
+    if (options.product_.has_value()) {
+      if (!ProductFilter({*options.product_}, /* remove_default_config_values = */ true)
+               .Consume(context, &table)) {
+        context->GetDiagnostics()->Error(android::DiagMessage(path_data.source)
+                                         << "failed to filter product");
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   if (options.pseudolocalize && translatable_file) {
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.h b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.h
index 14a730a..984d890 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.h
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Compile.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
   // See comments on aapt::ResourceParserOptions.
   bool preserve_visibility_of_styleables = false;
   bool verbose = false;
+  std::optional<std::string> product_;
 };
 
 /** Parses flags and compiles resources to be used in linking.  */
@@ -76,6 +77,10 @@
     AddOptionalFlag("--source-path",
                       "Sets the compiled resource file source file path to the given string.",
                       &options_.source_path);
+    AddOptionalFlag("--filter-product",
+                    "Leave only resources specific to the given product. All "
+                    "other resources (including defaults) are removed.",
+                    &options_.product_);
   }
 
   int Action(const std::vector<std::string>& args) override;
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp
index 97404fc..f00be36 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/cmd/Link.cpp
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
 #include "optimize/ResourceDeduper.h"
 #include "optimize/VersionCollapser.h"
 #include "process/IResourceTableConsumer.h"
+#include "process/ProductFilter.h"
 #include "process/SymbolTable.h"
 #include "split/TableSplitter.h"
 #include "trace/TraceBuffer.h"
@@ -2127,7 +2128,7 @@
                                          << "can't select products when building static library");
       }
     } else {
-      ProductFilter product_filter(options_.products);
+      ProductFilter product_filter(options_.products, /* remove_default_config_values = */ false);
       if (!product_filter.Consume(context_, &final_table_)) {
         context_->GetDiagnostics()->Error(android::DiagMessage() << "failed stripping products");
         return 1;
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/link/Linkers.h b/tools/aapt2/link/Linkers.h
index 44cd276..18165f7 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/link/Linkers.h
+++ b/tools/aapt2/link/Linkers.h
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
-#include "android-base/macros.h"
-#include "androidfw/ConfigDescription.h"
-#include "androidfw/StringPiece.h"
-
 #include "Resource.h"
 #include "SdkConstants.h"
+#include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "android-base/result.h"
+#include "androidfw/ConfigDescription.h"
+#include "androidfw/StringPiece.h"
 #include "process/IResourceTableConsumer.h"
 #include "xml/XmlDom.h"
 
@@ -92,28 +92,6 @@
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(PrivateAttributeMover);
 };
 
-class ResourceConfigValue;
-
-class ProductFilter : public IResourceTableConsumer {
- public:
-  using ResourceConfigValueIter = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ResourceConfigValue>>::iterator;
-
-  explicit ProductFilter(std::unordered_set<std::string> products) : products_(products) {
-  }
-
-  ResourceConfigValueIter SelectProductToKeep(const ResourceNameRef& name,
-                                              const ResourceConfigValueIter begin,
-                                              const ResourceConfigValueIter end,
-                                              android::IDiagnostics* diag);
-
-  bool Consume(IAaptContext* context, ResourceTable* table) override;
-
- private:
-  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ProductFilter);
-
-  std::unordered_set<std::string> products_;
-};
-
 // Removes namespace nodes and URI information from the XmlResource.
 //
 // Once an XmlResource is processed by this consumer, it is no longer able to have its attributes
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/link/ProductFilter_test.cpp b/tools/aapt2/link/ProductFilter_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2cb9afa..0000000
--- a/tools/aapt2/link/ProductFilter_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "link/Linkers.h"
-
-#include "test/Test.h"
-
-using ::android::ConfigDescription;
-
-namespace aapt {
-
-TEST(ProductFilterTest, SelectTwoProducts) {
-  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
-
-  const ConfigDescription land = test::ParseConfigOrDie("land");
-  const ConfigDescription port = test::ParseConfigOrDie("port");
-
-  ResourceTable table;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("land/default.xml")).Build(),
-                    land)
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("land/tablet.xml")).Build(),
-                    land, "tablet")
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("port/default.xml")).Build(),
-                    port)
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("port/tablet.xml")).Build(),
-                    port, "tablet")
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ProductFilter filter({"tablet"});
-  ASSERT_TRUE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(
-                         &table, "android:string/one", land, ""));
-  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(
-                         &table, "android:string/one", land, "tablet"));
-  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(
-                         &table, "android:string/one", port, ""));
-  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(
-                         &table, "android:string/one", port, "tablet"));
-}
-
-TEST(ProductFilterTest, SelectDefaultProduct) {
-  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
-
-  ResourceTable table;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("default.xml")).Build())
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("tablet.xml")).Build(), {},
-                    "tablet")
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-  ;
-
-  ProductFilter filter(std::unordered_set<std::string>{});
-  ASSERT_TRUE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
-
-  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(
-                         &table, "android:string/one",
-                         ConfigDescription::DefaultConfig(), ""));
-  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(
-                         &table, "android:string/one",
-                         ConfigDescription::DefaultConfig(), "tablet"));
-}
-
-TEST(ProductFilterTest, FailOnAmbiguousProduct) {
-  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
-
-  ResourceTable table;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("default.xml")).Build())
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("tablet.xml")).Build(), {},
-                    "tablet")
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("no-sdcard.xml")).Build(),
-                    {}, "no-sdcard")
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ProductFilter filter({"tablet", "no-sdcard"});
-  ASSERT_FALSE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
-}
-
-TEST(ProductFilterTest, FailOnMultipleDefaults) {
-  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
-
-  ResourceTable table;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source(".xml")).Build())
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
-      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
-          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("default.xml")).Build(), {},
-                    "default")
-          .Build(),
-      context->GetDiagnostics()));
-
-  ProductFilter filter(std::unordered_set<std::string>{});
-  ASSERT_FALSE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
-}
-
-}  // namespace aapt
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/link/ProductFilter.cpp b/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter.cpp
similarity index 60%
rename from tools/aapt2/link/ProductFilter.cpp
rename to tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter.cpp
index 9544986..0b1c0a6 100644
--- a/tools/aapt2/link/ProductFilter.cpp
+++ b/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter.cpp
@@ -14,16 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "link/Linkers.h"
+#include "process/ProductFilter.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
 
 #include "ResourceTable.h"
 #include "trace/TraceBuffer.h"
 
 namespace aapt {
 
-ProductFilter::ResourceConfigValueIter ProductFilter::SelectProductToKeep(
-    const ResourceNameRef& name, const ResourceConfigValueIter begin,
-    const ResourceConfigValueIter end, android::IDiagnostics* diag) {
+std::optional<ProductFilter::ResourceConfigValueIter> ProductFilter::SelectProductToKeep(
+    const ResourceNameRef& name, ResourceConfigValueIter begin, ResourceConfigValueIter end,
+    android::IDiagnostics* diag) {
   ResourceConfigValueIter default_product_iter = end;
   ResourceConfigValueIter selected_product_iter = end;
 
@@ -36,12 +38,11 @@
                     << "selection of product '" << config_value->product << "' for resource "
                     << name << " is ambiguous");
 
-        ResourceConfigValue* previously_selected_config_value =
-            selected_product_iter->get();
+        ResourceConfigValue* previously_selected_config_value = selected_product_iter->get();
         diag->Note(android::DiagMessage(previously_selected_config_value->value->GetSource())
                    << "product '" << previously_selected_config_value->product
                    << "' is also a candidate");
-        return end;
+        return std::nullopt;
       }
 
       // Select this product.
@@ -54,11 +55,10 @@
         diag->Error(android::DiagMessage(config_value->value->GetSource())
                     << "multiple default products defined for resource " << name);
 
-        ResourceConfigValue* previously_default_config_value =
-            default_product_iter->get();
+        ResourceConfigValue* previously_default_config_value = default_product_iter->get();
         diag->Note(android::DiagMessage(previously_default_config_value->value->GetSource())
                    << "default product also defined here");
-        return end;
+        return std::nullopt;
       }
 
       // Mark the default.
@@ -66,9 +66,16 @@
     }
   }
 
+  if (remove_default_config_values_) {
+    // If we are leaving only a specific product, return early here instead of selecting the default
+    // value. Returning end here will cause this value set to be skipped, and will be removed with
+    // ClearEmptyValues method.
+    return selected_product_iter;
+  }
+
   if (default_product_iter == end) {
     diag->Error(android::DiagMessage() << "no default product defined for resource " << name);
-    return end;
+    return std::nullopt;
   }
 
   if (selected_product_iter == end) {
@@ -89,20 +96,27 @@
         ResourceConfigValueIter start_range_iter = iter;
         while (iter != entry->values.end()) {
           ++iter;
-          if (iter == entry->values.end() ||
-              (*iter)->config != (*start_range_iter)->config) {
+          if (iter == entry->values.end() || (*iter)->config != (*start_range_iter)->config) {
             // End of the array, or we saw a different config,
             // so this must be the end of a range of products.
             // Select the product to keep from the set of products defined.
             ResourceNameRef name(pkg->name, type->named_type, entry->name);
-            auto value_to_keep = SelectProductToKeep(
-                name, start_range_iter, iter, context->GetDiagnostics());
-            if (value_to_keep == iter) {
+            auto value_to_keep =
+                SelectProductToKeep(name, start_range_iter, iter, context->GetDiagnostics());
+            if (!value_to_keep.has_value()) {
               // An error occurred, we could not pick a product.
               error = true;
-            } else {
+            } else if (auto val = value_to_keep.value(); val != iter) {
               // We selected a product to keep. Move it to the new array.
-              new_values.push_back(std::move(*value_to_keep));
+              if (remove_default_config_values_) {
+                // We are filtering values with the given product. The selected value here will be
+                // a new default value, and all other values will be removed.
+                new_values.push_back(
+                    std::make_unique<ResourceConfigValue>((*val)->config, android::StringPiece{}));
+                new_values.back()->value = std::move((*val)->value);
+              } else {
+                new_values.push_back(std::move(*val));
+              }
             }
 
             // Start the next range of products.
@@ -115,7 +129,27 @@
       }
     }
   }
+
+  if (remove_default_config_values_) {
+    ClearEmptyValues(table);
+  }
+
   return !error;
 }
 
+void ProductFilter::ClearEmptyValues(ResourceTable* table) {
+  // Clear any empty packages/types/entries, as remove_default_config_values_ may remove an entire
+  // value set.
+  CHECK(remove_default_config_values_)
+      << __func__ << " should only be called when remove_default_config_values_ is set";
+
+  for (auto& pkg : table->packages) {
+    for (auto& type : pkg->types) {
+      std::erase_if(type->entries, [](auto& entry) { return entry->values.empty(); });
+    }
+    std::erase_if(pkg->types, [](auto& type) { return type->entries.empty(); });
+  }
+  std::erase_if(table->packages, [](auto& package) { return package->types.empty(); });
+}
+
 }  // namespace aapt
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter.h b/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ec2f00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Resource.h"
+#include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "androidfw/ConfigDescription.h"
+#include "androidfw/IDiagnostics.h"
+#include "process/IResourceTableConsumer.h"
+
+namespace aapt {
+
+class ResourceConfigValue;
+
+class ProductFilter : public IResourceTableConsumer {
+ public:
+  using ResourceConfigValueIter = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ResourceConfigValue>>::iterator;
+
+  // Setting remove_default_config_values will remove all values other than
+  // specified product, including default. For example, if the following table
+  //
+  //     <string name="foo" product="default">foo_default</string>
+  //     <string name="foo" product="tablet">foo_tablet</string>
+  //     <string name="bar">bar</string>
+  //
+  // is consumed with tablet, it will result in
+  //
+  //     <string name="foo">foo_tablet</string>
+  //
+  // removing foo_default and bar. This option is to generate an RRO package
+  // with given product.
+  explicit ProductFilter(std::unordered_set<std::string> products,
+                         bool remove_default_config_values)
+      : products_(std::move(products)),
+        remove_default_config_values_(remove_default_config_values) {
+  }
+
+  bool Consume(IAaptContext* context, ResourceTable* table) override;
+
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ProductFilter);
+
+  // SelectProductToKeep returns an iterator for the selected value.
+  //
+  // Returns std::nullopt in case of failure (e.g. ambiguous values, missing or duplicated default
+  // values).
+  // Returns `end` if keep_as_default_product is set and no value for the specified product was
+  // found.
+  std::optional<ResourceConfigValueIter> SelectProductToKeep(const ResourceNameRef& name,
+                                                             ResourceConfigValueIter begin,
+                                                             ResourceConfigValueIter end,
+                                                             android::IDiagnostics* diag);
+
+  void ClearEmptyValues(ResourceTable* table);
+
+  std::unordered_set<std::string> products_;
+  bool remove_default_config_values_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aapt
diff --git a/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter_test.cpp b/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27a82dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aapt2/process/ProductFilter_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "process/ProductFilter.h"
+
+#include "test/Test.h"
+
+using ::android::ConfigDescription;
+
+namespace aapt {
+
+TEST(ProductFilterTest, SelectTwoProducts) {
+  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
+
+  const ConfigDescription land = test::ParseConfigOrDie("land");
+  const ConfigDescription port = test::ParseConfigOrDie("port");
+
+  ResourceTable table;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("land/default.xml")).Build(),
+                    land)
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("land/tablet.xml")).Build(),
+                    land, "tablet")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("port/default.xml")).Build(),
+                    port)
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("port/tablet.xml")).Build(),
+                    port, "tablet")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ProductFilter filter({"tablet"}, /* remove_default_config_values = */ false);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one", land, ""));
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr,
+            test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one", land, "tablet"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one", port, ""));
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr,
+            test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one", port, "tablet"));
+}
+
+TEST(ProductFilterTest, SelectDefaultProduct) {
+  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
+
+  ResourceTable table;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("default.xml")).Build())
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("tablet.xml")).Build(), {},
+                    "tablet")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+  ;
+
+  ProductFilter filter(std::unordered_set<std::string>{},
+                       /* remove_default_config_values = */ false);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
+
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one",
+                                                           ConfigDescription::DefaultConfig(), ""));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr,
+            test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one",
+                                                  ConfigDescription::DefaultConfig(), "tablet"));
+}
+
+TEST(ProductFilterTest, FailOnAmbiguousProduct) {
+  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
+
+  ResourceTable table;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("default.xml")).Build())
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("tablet.xml")).Build(), {},
+                    "tablet")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("no-sdcard.xml")).Build(),
+                    {}, "no-sdcard")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ProductFilter filter({"tablet", "no-sdcard"}, /* remove_default_config_values = */ false);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
+}
+
+TEST(ProductFilterTest, FailOnMultipleDefaults) {
+  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
+
+  ResourceTable table;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source(".xml")).Build())
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("default.xml")).Build(), {},
+                    "default")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ProductFilter filter(std::unordered_set<std::string>{},
+                       /* remove_default_config_values = */ false);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
+}
+
+TEST(ProductFilterTest, RemoveDefaultConfigValues) {
+  std::unique_ptr<IAaptContext> context = test::ContextBuilder().Build();
+
+  const ConfigDescription land = test::ParseConfigOrDie("land");
+  const ConfigDescription port = test::ParseConfigOrDie("port");
+
+  ResourceTable table;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("land/default.xml")).Build(),
+                    land)
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("land/tablet.xml")).Build(),
+                    land, "tablet")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/two"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("land/default.xml")).Build(),
+                    land)
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("port/default.xml")).Build(),
+                    port)
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/one"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("port/tablet.xml")).Build(),
+                    port, "tablet")
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddResource(
+      NewResourceBuilder(test::ParseNameOrDie("android:string/two"))
+          .SetValue(test::ValueBuilder<Id>().SetSource(android::Source("port/default.xml")).Build(),
+                    port)
+          .Build(),
+      context->GetDiagnostics()));
+
+  ProductFilter filter({"tablet"}, /* remove_default_config_values = */ true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(filter.Consume(context.get(), &table));
+
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one", land, ""));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/two", land, ""));
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/one", port, ""));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, test::GetValueForConfigAndProduct<Id>(&table, "android:string/two", port, ""));
+}
+
+}  // namespace aapt
diff --git a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidGlobalIssueRegistry.kt b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidGlobalIssueRegistry.kt
index a20266a..28eab8f 100644
--- a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidGlobalIssueRegistry.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/AndroidGlobalIssueRegistry.kt
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import com.android.tools.lint.client.api.Vendor
 import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.CURRENT_API
 import com.google.android.lint.aidl.EnforcePermissionDetector
-import com.google.android.lint.aidl.EnforcePermissionHelperDetector
 import com.google.android.lint.aidl.SimpleManualPermissionEnforcementDetector
 import com.google.auto.service.AutoService
 
@@ -30,7 +29,8 @@
     override val issues = listOf(
             EnforcePermissionDetector.ISSUE_MISSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION,
             EnforcePermissionDetector.ISSUE_MISMATCHING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION,
-            EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
+            EnforcePermissionDetector.ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
+            EnforcePermissionDetector.ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION,
             SimpleManualPermissionEnforcementDetector.ISSUE_SIMPLE_MANUAL_PERMISSION_ENFORCEMENT,
     )
 
@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@
             feedbackUrl = "http://b/issues/new?component=315013",
             contact = "repsonsible-apis@google.com"
     )
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt
index 0baac2c..a74400d 100644
--- a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionDetector.kt
@@ -30,29 +30,34 @@
 import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Scope
 import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Severity
 import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.SourceCodeScanner
+import com.google.android.lint.findCallExpression
 import com.intellij.psi.PsiAnnotation
 import com.intellij.psi.PsiArrayInitializerMemberValue
 import com.intellij.psi.PsiClass
 import com.intellij.psi.PsiElement
 import com.intellij.psi.PsiMethod
-import org.jetbrains.uast.UAnnotation
+import org.jetbrains.uast.UBlockExpression
+import org.jetbrains.uast.UDeclarationsExpression
 import org.jetbrains.uast.UElement
+import org.jetbrains.uast.UExpression
 import org.jetbrains.uast.UMethod
-import org.jetbrains.uast.toUElement
+import org.jetbrains.uast.skipParenthesizedExprDown
+
+import java.util.EnumSet
 
 /**
- * Lint Detector that ensures that any method overriding a method annotated
- * with @EnforcePermission is also annotated with the exact same annotation.
- * The intent is to surface the effective permission checks to the service
- * implementations.
+ * Lint Detector that ensures consistency when using the @EnforcePermission
+ * annotation. Multiple verifications are implemented:
  *
- * This is done with 2 mechanisms:
  *  1. Visit any annotation usage, to ensure that any derived class will have
- *     the correct annotation on each methods. This is for the top to bottom
- *     propagation.
- *  2. Visit any annotation, to ensure that if a method is annotated, it has
+ *     the correct annotation on each methods. Even if the subclass does not
+ *     have the annotation, visitAnnotationUsage will be called which allows us
+ *     to capture the issue.
+ *  2. Visit any method, to ensure that if a method is annotated, it has
  *     its ancestor also annotated. This is to avoid having an annotation on a
  *     Java method without the corresponding annotation on the AIDL interface.
+ *  3. When annotated, ensures that the first instruction is to call the helper
+ *     method (or the parent helper).
  */
 class EnforcePermissionDetector : Detector(), SourceCodeScanner {
 
@@ -60,9 +65,8 @@
         return listOf(ANNOTATION_ENFORCE_PERMISSION)
     }
 
-    override fun getApplicableUastTypes(): List<Class<out UElement>> {
-        return listOf(UAnnotation::class.java)
-    }
+    override fun getApplicableUastTypes(): List<Class<out UElement?>> =
+            listOf(UMethod::class.java)
 
     private fun annotationValueGetChildren(elem: PsiElement): Array<PsiElement> {
         if (elem is PsiArrayInitializerMemberValue)
@@ -121,11 +125,6 @@
         overriddenMethod: PsiMethod,
         checkEquivalence: Boolean = true
     ) {
-        // If method is not from a Stub subclass, this method shouldn't use @EP at all.
-        // This is handled by EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.
-        if (!isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context, overridingMethod.toUElement() as? UMethod)) {
-            return
-        }
         val overridingAnnotation = overridingMethod.getAnnotation(ANNOTATION_ENFORCE_PERMISSION)
         val overriddenAnnotation = overriddenMethod.getAnnotation(ANNOTATION_ENFORCE_PERMISSION)
         val location = context.getLocation(element)
@@ -161,40 +160,102 @@
     ) {
         if (usageInfo.type == AnnotationUsageType.METHOD_OVERRIDE &&
             annotationInfo.origin == AnnotationOrigin.METHOD) {
+            /* Ignore implementations that are not a sub-class of Stub (i.e., Proxy). */
+            val uMethod = element as? UMethod ?: return
+            if (!isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context, uMethod)) {
+                return
+            }
             val overridingMethod = element.sourcePsi as PsiMethod
             val overriddenMethod = usageInfo.referenced as PsiMethod
             compareMethods(context, element, overridingMethod, overriddenMethod)
         }
     }
 
-    override fun createUastHandler(context: JavaContext): UElementHandler {
-        return object : UElementHandler() {
-            override fun visitAnnotation(node: UAnnotation) {
-                if (node.qualifiedName != ANNOTATION_ENFORCE_PERMISSION) {
-                    return
-                }
-                val method = node.uastParent as? UMethod ?: return
-                val overridingMethod = method as PsiMethod
-                val parents = overridingMethod.findSuperMethods()
-                for (overriddenMethod in parents) {
-                    // The equivalence check can be skipped, if both methods are
-                    // annotated, it will be verified by visitAnnotationUsage.
-                    compareMethods(context, method, overridingMethod,
-                        overriddenMethod, checkEquivalence = false)
-                }
+    override fun createUastHandler(context: JavaContext): UElementHandler = AidlStubHandler(context)
+
+    private inner class AidlStubHandler(val context: JavaContext) : UElementHandler() {
+        override fun visitMethod(node: UMethod) {
+            if (context.evaluator.isAbstract(node)) return
+            if (!node.hasAnnotation(ANNOTATION_ENFORCE_PERMISSION)) return
+
+            if (!isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context, node)) {
+                context.report(
+                    ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION,
+                    node,
+                    context.getLocation(node),
+                    "The class of ${node.name} does not inherit from an AIDL generated Stub class"
+                )
+                return
+            }
+
+            /* Check that we are connected to the super class */
+            val overridingMethod = node as PsiMethod
+            val parents = overridingMethod.findSuperMethods()
+            for (overriddenMethod in parents) {
+                // The equivalence check can be skipped, if both methods are
+                // annotated, it will be verified by visitAnnotationUsage.
+                compareMethods(context, node, overridingMethod,
+                    overriddenMethod, checkEquivalence = false)
+            }
+
+            /* Check that the helper is called as a first instruction */
+            val targetExpression = getHelperMethodCallSourceString(node)
+            val message =
+                "Method must start with $targetExpression or super.${node.name}(), if applicable"
+
+            val firstExpression = (node.uastBody as? UBlockExpression)
+                    ?.expressions?.firstOrNull()
+
+            if (firstExpression == null) {
+                context.report(
+                    ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
+                    context.getLocation(node),
+                    message,
+                )
+                return
+            }
+
+            val firstExpressionSource = firstExpression.skipParenthesizedExprDown()
+              .asSourceString()
+              .filterNot(Char::isWhitespace)
+
+            if (firstExpressionSource != targetExpression &&
+                  firstExpressionSource != "super.$targetExpression") {
+                // calling super.<methodName>() is also legal
+                val directSuper = context.evaluator.getSuperMethod(node)
+                val firstCall = findCallExpression(firstExpression)?.resolve()
+                if (directSuper != null && firstCall == directSuper) return
+
+                val locationTarget = getLocationTarget(firstExpression)
+                val expressionLocation = context.getLocation(locationTarget)
+
+                context.report(
+                    ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
+                    context.getLocation(node),
+                    message,
+                    getHelperMethodFix(node, expressionLocation),
+                )
             }
         }
     }
 
     companion object {
+
+        private const val HELPER_SUFFIX = "_enforcePermission"
+
         val EXPLANATION = """
-            The @EnforcePermission annotation is used to indicate that the underlying binder code
-            has already verified the caller's permissions before calling the appropriate method. The
-            verification code is usually generated by the AIDL compiler, which also takes care of
-            annotating the generated Java code.
+            The @EnforcePermission annotation is used to delegate the verification of the caller's
+            permissions to a generated AIDL method.
 
             In order to surface that information to platform developers, the same annotation must be
             used on the implementation class or methods.
+
+            The @EnforcePermission annotation can only be used on methods whose class extends from
+            the Stub class generated by the AIDL compiler. When @EnforcePermission is applied, the
+            AIDL compiler generates a Stub method to do the permission check called yourMethodName$HELPER_SUFFIX.
+
+            yourMethodName$HELPER_SUFFIX must be executed before any other operation. To do that, you can
+            either call it directly, or call it indirectly via super.yourMethodName().
             """
 
         val ISSUE_MISSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION: Issue = Issue.create(
@@ -206,7 +267,7 @@
             severity = Severity.ERROR,
             implementation = Implementation(
                     EnforcePermissionDetector::class.java,
-                    Scope.JAVA_FILE_SCOPE
+                    EnumSet.of(Scope.JAVA_FILE, Scope.TEST_SOURCES)
             )
         )
 
@@ -219,8 +280,47 @@
             severity = Severity.ERROR,
             implementation = Implementation(
                     EnforcePermissionDetector::class.java,
-                    Scope.JAVA_FILE_SCOPE
+                    EnumSet.of(Scope.JAVA_FILE, Scope.TEST_SOURCES)
             )
         )
+
+        val ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER: Issue = Issue.create(
+            id = "MissingEnforcePermissionHelper",
+            briefDescription = """Missing permission-enforcing method call in AIDL method
+                |annotated with @EnforcePermission""".trimMargin(),
+            explanation = EXPLANATION,
+            category = Category.SECURITY,
+            priority = 6,
+            severity = Severity.ERROR,
+            implementation = Implementation(
+                    EnforcePermissionDetector::class.java,
+                    EnumSet.of(Scope.JAVA_FILE, Scope.TEST_SOURCES)
+            )
+        )
+
+        val ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION: Issue = Issue.create(
+            id = "MisusingEnforcePermissionAnnotation",
+            briefDescription = "@EnforcePermission cannot be used here",
+            explanation = EXPLANATION,
+            category = Category.SECURITY,
+            priority = 6,
+            severity = Severity.ERROR,
+            implementation = Implementation(
+                    EnforcePermissionDetector::class.java,
+                    EnumSet.of(Scope.JAVA_FILE, Scope.TEST_SOURCES)
+            )
+        )
+
+        /**
+         * handles an edge case with UDeclarationsExpression, where sourcePsi is null,
+         * resulting in an incorrect Location if used directly
+         */
+        private fun getLocationTarget(firstExpression: UExpression): PsiElement? {
+            if (firstExpression.sourcePsi != null) return firstExpression.sourcePsi
+            if (firstExpression is UDeclarationsExpression) {
+                return firstExpression.declarations.firstOrNull()?.sourcePsi
+            }
+            return null
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.kt b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index df13af5..0000000
--- a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/main/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.google.android.lint.aidl
-
-import com.android.tools.lint.client.api.UElementHandler
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Category
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Detector
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Implementation
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Issue
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.JavaContext
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Scope
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.Severity
-import com.android.tools.lint.detector.api.SourceCodeScanner
-import com.google.android.lint.findCallExpression
-import com.intellij.psi.PsiElement
-import org.jetbrains.uast.UBlockExpression
-import org.jetbrains.uast.UDeclarationsExpression
-import org.jetbrains.uast.UElement
-import org.jetbrains.uast.UExpression
-import org.jetbrains.uast.UMethod
-import org.jetbrains.uast.skipParenthesizedExprDown
-
-class EnforcePermissionHelperDetector : Detector(), SourceCodeScanner {
-    override fun getApplicableUastTypes(): List<Class<out UElement?>> =
-            listOf(UMethod::class.java)
-
-    override fun createUastHandler(context: JavaContext): UElementHandler = AidlStubHandler(context)
-
-    private inner class AidlStubHandler(val context: JavaContext) : UElementHandler() {
-        override fun visitMethod(node: UMethod) {
-            if (context.evaluator.isAbstract(node)) return
-            if (!node.hasAnnotation(ANNOTATION_ENFORCE_PERMISSION)) return
-
-            if (!isContainedInSubclassOfStub(context, node)) {
-                context.report(
-                    ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION,
-                    node,
-                    context.getLocation(node),
-                    "The class of ${node.name} does not inherit from an AIDL generated Stub class"
-                )
-                return
-            }
-
-            val targetExpression = getHelperMethodCallSourceString(node)
-            val message =
-                "Method must start with $targetExpression or super.${node.name}(), if applicable"
-
-            val firstExpression = (node.uastBody as? UBlockExpression)
-                    ?.expressions?.firstOrNull()
-
-            if (firstExpression == null) {
-                context.report(
-                    ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
-                    context.getLocation(node),
-                    message,
-                )
-                return
-            }
-
-            val firstExpressionSource = firstExpression.skipParenthesizedExprDown()
-              .asSourceString()
-              .filterNot(Char::isWhitespace)
-
-            if (firstExpressionSource != targetExpression &&
-                  firstExpressionSource != "super.$targetExpression") {
-                // calling super.<methodName>() is also legal
-                val directSuper = context.evaluator.getSuperMethod(node)
-                val firstCall = findCallExpression(firstExpression)?.resolve()
-                if (directSuper != null && firstCall == directSuper) return
-
-                val locationTarget = getLocationTarget(firstExpression)
-                val expressionLocation = context.getLocation(locationTarget)
-
-                context.report(
-                    ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
-                    context.getLocation(node),
-                    message,
-                    getHelperMethodFix(node, expressionLocation),
-                )
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    companion object {
-        private const val HELPER_SUFFIX = "_enforcePermission"
-
-        private const val EXPLANATION = """
-            The @EnforcePermission annotation can only be used on methods whose class extends from
-            the Stub class generated by the AIDL compiler. When @EnforcePermission is applied, the
-            AIDL compiler generates a Stub method to do the permission check called yourMethodName$HELPER_SUFFIX.
-
-            yourMethodName$HELPER_SUFFIX must be executed before any other operation. To do that, you can
-            either call it directly, or call it indirectly via super.yourMethodName().
-            """
-
-        val ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER: Issue = Issue.create(
-                id = "MissingEnforcePermissionHelper",
-                briefDescription = """Missing permission-enforcing method call in AIDL method
-                    |annotated with @EnforcePermission""".trimMargin(),
-                explanation = EXPLANATION,
-                category = Category.SECURITY,
-                priority = 6,
-                severity = Severity.ERROR,
-                implementation = Implementation(
-                        EnforcePermissionHelperDetector::class.java,
-                        Scope.JAVA_FILE_SCOPE
-                )
-        )
-
-        val ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION: Issue = Issue.create(
-                id = "MisusingEnforcePermissionAnnotation",
-                briefDescription = "@EnforcePermission cannot be used here",
-                explanation = EXPLANATION,
-                category = Category.SECURITY,
-                priority = 6,
-                severity = Severity.ERROR,
-                implementation = Implementation(
-                        EnforcePermissionDetector::class.java,
-                        Scope.JAVA_FILE_SCOPE
-                )
-        )
-
-        /**
-         * handles an edge case with UDeclarationsExpression, where sourcePsi is null,
-         * resulting in an incorrect Location if used directly
-         */
-        private fun getLocationTarget(firstExpression: UExpression): PsiElement? {
-            if (firstExpression.sourcePsi != null) return firstExpression.sourcePsi
-            if (firstExpression is UDeclarationsExpression) {
-                return firstExpression.declarations.firstOrNull()?.sourcePsi
-            }
-            return null
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorCodegenTest.kt b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorCodegenTest.kt
index 5a63bb4..3ef02f8 100644
--- a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorCodegenTest.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorCodegenTest.kt
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@
 
 @Suppress("UnstableApiUsage")
 class EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorCodegenTest : LintDetectorTest() {
-    override fun getDetector(): Detector = EnforcePermissionHelperDetector()
+    override fun getDetector(): Detector = EnforcePermissionDetector()
 
     override fun getIssues(): List<Issue> = listOf(
-            EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER
+            EnforcePermissionDetector.ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER
     )
 
     override fun lint(): TestLintTask = super.lint().allowMissingSdk(true)
diff --git a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorTest.kt b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorTest.kt
index 10a6e1d..64e2bfb 100644
--- a/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorTest.kt
+++ b/tools/lint/global/checks/src/test/java/com/google/android/lint/aidl/EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorTest.kt
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 import com.android.tools.lint.checks.infrastructure.TestLintTask
 
 class EnforcePermissionHelperDetectorTest : LintDetectorTest() {
-    override fun getDetector() = EnforcePermissionHelperDetector()
+    override fun getDetector() = EnforcePermissionDetector()
     override fun getIssues() = listOf(
-        EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
-        EnforcePermissionHelperDetector.ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION
+        EnforcePermissionDetector.ISSUE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_HELPER,
+        EnforcePermissionDetector.ISSUE_MISUSING_ENFORCE_PERMISSION
     )
 
     override fun lint(): TestLintTask = super.lint().allowMissingSdk()