diff --git a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.cpp b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.cpp
index 7744786..c5ffbb7 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.cpp
+++ b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.cpp
@@ -187,11 +187,12 @@
         dumpResourceCacheUsage();
     }
 
-    return {true, IRenderPipeline::DrawResult::kUnknownTime};
+    return {true, IRenderPipeline::DrawResult::kUnknownTime, android::base::unique_fd{}};
 }
 
-bool SkiaOpenGLPipeline::swapBuffers(const Frame& frame, bool drew, const SkRect& screenDirty,
-                                     FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo, bool* requireSwap) {
+bool SkiaOpenGLPipeline::swapBuffers(const Frame& frame, IRenderPipeline::DrawResult& drawResult,
+                                     const SkRect& screenDirty, FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo,
+                                     bool* requireSwap) {
     GL_CHECKPOINT(LOW);
 
     // Even if we decided to cancel the frame, from the perspective of jank
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    *requireSwap = drew || mEglManager.damageRequiresSwap();
+    *requireSwap = drawResult.success || mEglManager.damageRequiresSwap();
 
     if (*requireSwap && (CC_UNLIKELY(!mEglManager.swapBuffers(frame, screenDirty)))) {
         return false;
diff --git a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.h b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.h
index f0461be..098a746 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.h
+++ b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaOpenGLPipeline.h
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@
             const std::vector<sp<RenderNode> >& renderNodes, FrameInfoVisualizer* profiler,
             const renderthread::HardwareBufferRenderParams& bufferParams) override;
     GrSurfaceOrigin getSurfaceOrigin() override { return kBottomLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin; }
-    bool swapBuffers(const renderthread::Frame& frame, bool drew, const SkRect& screenDirty,
-                     FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo, bool* requireSwap) override;
+    bool swapBuffers(const renderthread::Frame& frame, IRenderPipeline::DrawResult& drawResult,
+                     const SkRect& screenDirty, FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo,
+                     bool* requireSwap) override;
     DeferredLayerUpdater* createTextureLayer() override;
     bool setSurface(ANativeWindow* surface, renderthread::SwapBehavior swapBehavior) override;
     [[nodiscard]] android::base::unique_fd flush() override;
diff --git a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.cpp b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.cpp
index 86096d5..12cb69d 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.cpp
+++ b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
     }
 
     if (backBuffer.get() == nullptr) {
-        return {false, -1};
+        return {false, -1, android::base::unique_fd{}};
     }
 
     // update the coordinates of the global light position based on surface rotation
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@
         profiler->draw(profileRenderer);
     }
 
-    nsecs_t submissionTime = IRenderPipeline::DrawResult::kUnknownTime;
+    VulkanManager::VkDrawResult drawResult;
     {
         ATRACE_NAME("flush commands");
-        submissionTime = vulkanManager().finishFrame(backBuffer.get());
+        drawResult = vulkanManager().finishFrame(backBuffer.get());
     }
     layerUpdateQueue->clear();
 
@@ -122,11 +122,12 @@
         dumpResourceCacheUsage();
     }
 
-    return {true, submissionTime};
+    return {true, drawResult.submissionTime, std::move(drawResult.presentFence)};
 }
 
-bool SkiaVulkanPipeline::swapBuffers(const Frame& frame, bool drew, const SkRect& screenDirty,
-                                     FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo, bool* requireSwap) {
+bool SkiaVulkanPipeline::swapBuffers(const Frame& frame, IRenderPipeline::DrawResult& drawResult,
+                                     const SkRect& screenDirty, FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo,
+                                     bool* requireSwap) {
     // Even if we decided to cancel the frame, from the perspective of jank
     // metrics the frame was swapped at this point
     currentFrameInfo->markSwapBuffers();
@@ -135,10 +136,10 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    *requireSwap = drew;
+    *requireSwap = drawResult.success;
 
     if (*requireSwap) {
-        vulkanManager().swapBuffers(mVkSurface, screenDirty);
+        vulkanManager().swapBuffers(mVkSurface, screenDirty, std::move(drawResult.presentFence));
     }
 
     return *requireSwap;
diff --git a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.h b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.h
index 284cde5..e2ea57d 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.h
+++ b/libs/hwui/pipeline/skia/SkiaVulkanPipeline.h
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@
             const std::vector<sp<RenderNode> >& renderNodes, FrameInfoVisualizer* profiler,
             const renderthread::HardwareBufferRenderParams& bufferParams) override;
     GrSurfaceOrigin getSurfaceOrigin() override { return kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin; }
-    bool swapBuffers(const renderthread::Frame& frame, bool drew, const SkRect& screenDirty,
-                     FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo, bool* requireSwap) override;
+    bool swapBuffers(const renderthread::Frame& frame, IRenderPipeline::DrawResult& drawResult,
+                     const SkRect& screenDirty, FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo,
+                     bool* requireSwap) override;
     DeferredLayerUpdater* createTextureLayer() override;
     [[nodiscard]] android::base::unique_fd flush() override;
 
diff --git a/libs/hwui/renderthread/CanvasContext.cpp b/libs/hwui/renderthread/CanvasContext.cpp
index 7fac0c9..362bd9d 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/renderthread/CanvasContext.cpp
+++ b/libs/hwui/renderthread/CanvasContext.cpp
@@ -664,8 +664,8 @@
     bool didDraw = false;
 
     int error = OK;
-    bool didSwap = mRenderPipeline->swapBuffers(frame, drawResult.success, windowDirty,
-                                                mCurrentFrameInfo, &requireSwap);
+    bool didSwap = mRenderPipeline->swapBuffers(frame, drawResult, windowDirty, mCurrentFrameInfo,
+                                                &requireSwap);
 
     mCurrentFrameInfo->set(FrameInfoIndex::CommandSubmissionCompleted) = std::max(
             drawResult.commandSubmissionTime, mCurrentFrameInfo->get(FrameInfoIndex::SwapBuffers));
diff --git a/libs/hwui/renderthread/IRenderPipeline.h b/libs/hwui/renderthread/IRenderPipeline.h
index 6c2cb9d..9c879d5 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/renderthread/IRenderPipeline.h
+++ b/libs/hwui/renderthread/IRenderPipeline.h
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
         // submission occurred. -1 if this time is unknown.
         static constexpr nsecs_t kUnknownTime = -1;
         nsecs_t commandSubmissionTime = kUnknownTime;
+        android::base::unique_fd presentFence;
     };
     virtual DrawResult draw(const Frame& frame, const SkRect& screenDirty, const SkRect& dirty,
                             const LightGeometry& lightGeometry, LayerUpdateQueue* layerUpdateQueue,
@@ -68,8 +69,9 @@
                             const std::vector<sp<RenderNode>>& renderNodes,
                             FrameInfoVisualizer* profiler,
                             const HardwareBufferRenderParams& bufferParams) = 0;
-    virtual bool swapBuffers(const Frame& frame, bool drew, const SkRect& screenDirty,
-                             FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo, bool* requireSwap) = 0;
+    virtual bool swapBuffers(const Frame& frame, IRenderPipeline::DrawResult&,
+                             const SkRect& screenDirty, FrameInfo* currentFrameInfo,
+                             bool* requireSwap) = 0;
     virtual DeferredLayerUpdater* createTextureLayer() = 0;
     [[nodiscard]] virtual android::base::unique_fd flush() = 0;
     virtual void setHardwareBuffer(AHardwareBuffer* hardwareBuffer) = 0;
diff --git a/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.cpp b/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.cpp
index 22c5862..e706eb0 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.cpp
@@ -531,32 +531,21 @@
     PFN_vkDestroySemaphore mDestroyFunction;
     VkDevice mDevice;
     VkSemaphore mSemaphore;
-    // We need to make sure we don't delete the VkSemaphore until it is done being used by both Skia
-    // (including by the GPU) and inside the VulkanManager. So we always start with two refs, one
-    // owned by Skia and one owned by the VulkanManager. The refs are decremented each time
-    // destroy_semaphore is called with this object. Skia will call destroy_semaphore once it is
-    // done with the semaphore and the GPU has finished work on the semaphore. The VulkanManager
-    // calls destroy_semaphore after sending the semaphore to Skia and exporting it if need be.
-    int mRefs = 2;
 
     DestroySemaphoreInfo(PFN_vkDestroySemaphore destroyFunction, VkDevice device,
                          VkSemaphore semaphore)
             : mDestroyFunction(destroyFunction), mDevice(device), mSemaphore(semaphore) {}
+
+    ~DestroySemaphoreInfo() { mDestroyFunction(mDevice, mSemaphore, nullptr); }
 };
 
 static void destroy_semaphore(void* context) {
     DestroySemaphoreInfo* info = reinterpret_cast<DestroySemaphoreInfo*>(context);
-    --info->mRefs;
-    if (!info->mRefs) {
-        info->mDestroyFunction(info->mDevice, info->mSemaphore, nullptr);
-        delete info;
-    }
+    delete info;
 }
 
-nsecs_t VulkanManager::finishFrame(SkSurface* surface) {
+VulkanManager::VkDrawResult VulkanManager::finishFrame(SkSurface* surface) {
     ATRACE_NAME("Vulkan finish frame");
-    ALOGE_IF(mSwapSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE || mDestroySemaphoreContext != nullptr,
-             "finishFrame already has an outstanding semaphore");
 
     VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo exportInfo;
     exportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -576,11 +565,11 @@
 
     GrFlushInfo flushInfo;
     if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
-        mDestroySemaphoreContext = new DestroySemaphoreInfo(mDestroySemaphore, mDevice, semaphore);
         flushInfo.fNumSemaphores = 1;
         flushInfo.fSignalSemaphores = &backendSemaphore;
         flushInfo.fFinishedProc = destroy_semaphore;
-        flushInfo.fFinishedContext = mDestroySemaphoreContext;
+        flushInfo.fFinishedContext =
+                new DestroySemaphoreInfo(mDestroySemaphore, mDevice, semaphore);
     } else {
         semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -589,10 +578,11 @@
     GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = context->flush(
             surface, SkSurfaces::BackendSurfaceAccess::kPresent, flushInfo);
     context->submit();
-    const nsecs_t submissionTime = systemTime();
+    VkDrawResult drawResult{
+            .submissionTime = systemTime(),
+    };
     if (semaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
         if (submitted == GrSemaphoresSubmitted::kYes) {
-            mSwapSemaphore = semaphore;
             if (mFrameBoundaryANDROID) {
                 // retrieve VkImage used as render target
                 VkImage image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -611,45 +601,37 @@
                 }
                 // frameBoundaryANDROID needs to know about mSwapSemaphore, but
                 // it won't wait on it.
-                mFrameBoundaryANDROID(mDevice, mSwapSemaphore, image);
+                mFrameBoundaryANDROID(mDevice, semaphore, image);
             }
-        } else {
-            destroy_semaphore(mDestroySemaphoreContext);
-            mDestroySemaphoreContext = nullptr;
         }
+        VkSemaphoreGetFdInfoKHR getFdInfo;
+        getFdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_GET_FD_INFO_KHR;
+        getFdInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        getFdInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
+        getFdInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
+
+        int fenceFd = -1;
+        err = mGetSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &getFdInfo, &fenceFd);
+        ALOGE_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err, "VulkanManager::swapBuffers(): Failed to get semaphore Fd");
+        drawResult.presentFence.reset(fenceFd);
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("VulkanManager::finishFrame(): Semaphore submission failed");
+        mQueueWaitIdle(mGraphicsQueue);
     }
+
     skiapipeline::ShaderCache::get().onVkFrameFlushed(context);
 
-    return submissionTime;
+    return drawResult;
 }
 
-void VulkanManager::swapBuffers(VulkanSurface* surface, const SkRect& dirtyRect) {
+void VulkanManager::swapBuffers(VulkanSurface* surface, const SkRect& dirtyRect,
+                                android::base::unique_fd&& presentFence) {
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(Properties::waitForGpuCompletion)) {
         ATRACE_NAME("Finishing GPU work");
         mDeviceWaitIdle(mDevice);
     }
 
-    int fenceFd = -1;
-    if (mSwapSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        VkSemaphoreGetFdInfoKHR getFdInfo;
-        getFdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_GET_FD_INFO_KHR;
-        getFdInfo.pNext = nullptr;
-        getFdInfo.semaphore = mSwapSemaphore;
-        getFdInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
-
-        VkResult err = mGetSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &getFdInfo, &fenceFd);
-        ALOGE_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err, "VulkanManager::swapBuffers(): Failed to get semaphore Fd");
-    } else {
-        ALOGE("VulkanManager::swapBuffers(): Semaphore submission failed");
-        mQueueWaitIdle(mGraphicsQueue);
-    }
-    if (mDestroySemaphoreContext) {
-        destroy_semaphore(mDestroySemaphoreContext);
-    }
-
-    surface->presentCurrentBuffer(dirtyRect, fenceFd);
-    mSwapSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    mDestroySemaphoreContext = nullptr;
+    surface->presentCurrentBuffer(dirtyRect, presentFence.release());
 }
 
 void VulkanManager::destroySurface(VulkanSurface* surface) {
@@ -753,22 +735,17 @@
     GrBackendSemaphore backendSemaphore;
     backendSemaphore.initVulkan(semaphore);
 
-    DestroySemaphoreInfo* destroyInfo =
-            new DestroySemaphoreInfo(mDestroySemaphore, mDevice, semaphore);
     // Even if Skia fails to submit the semaphore, it will still call the destroy_semaphore callback
-    // which will remove its ref to the semaphore. The VulkanManager must still release its ref,
-    // when it is done with the semaphore.
     GrFlushInfo flushInfo;
     flushInfo.fNumSemaphores = 1;
     flushInfo.fSignalSemaphores = &backendSemaphore;
     flushInfo.fFinishedProc = destroy_semaphore;
-    flushInfo.fFinishedContext = destroyInfo;
+    flushInfo.fFinishedContext = new DestroySemaphoreInfo(mDestroySemaphore, mDevice, semaphore);
     GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = grContext->flush(flushInfo);
     grContext->submit();
 
     if (submitted == GrSemaphoresSubmitted::kNo) {
         ALOGE("VulkanManager::createReleaseFence: Failed to submit semaphore");
-        destroy_semaphore(destroyInfo);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
 
@@ -781,7 +758,6 @@
     int fenceFd = 0;
 
     err = mGetSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &getFdInfo, &fenceFd);
-    destroy_semaphore(destroyInfo);
     if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
         ALOGE("VulkanManager::createReleaseFence: Failed to get semaphore Fd");
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
diff --git a/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.h b/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.h
index dbef7fb..b92ebb3 100644
--- a/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.h
+++ b/libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #endif
 #include <GrContextOptions.h>
 #include <SkSurface.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 #include <vk/GrVkBackendContext.h>
 #include <vk/GrVkExtensions.h>
@@ -82,10 +83,17 @@
     void destroySurface(VulkanSurface* surface);
 
     Frame dequeueNextBuffer(VulkanSurface* surface);
+
+    struct VkDrawResult {
+        // The estimated start time for intiating GPU work, -1 if unknown.
+        nsecs_t submissionTime;
+        android::base::unique_fd presentFence;
+    };
+
     // Finishes the frame and submits work to the GPU
-    // Returns the estimated start time for intiating GPU work, -1 otherwise.
-    nsecs_t finishFrame(SkSurface* surface);
-    void swapBuffers(VulkanSurface* surface, const SkRect& dirtyRect);
+    VkDrawResult finishFrame(SkSurface* surface);
+    void swapBuffers(VulkanSurface* surface, const SkRect& dirtyRect,
+                     android::base::unique_fd&& presentFence);
 
     // Inserts a wait on fence command into the Vulkan command buffer.
     status_t fenceWait(int fence, GrDirectContext* grContext);
@@ -201,9 +209,6 @@
     GrVkExtensions mExtensions;
     uint32_t mDriverVersion = 0;
 
-    VkSemaphore mSwapSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    void* mDestroySemaphoreContext = nullptr;
-
     std::once_flag mInitFlag;
     std::atomic_bool mInitialized = false;
 };