diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 54fedaf..9e65646 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -503,7 +503,9 @@
     visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
 }
 
-// These defaults are used for both the jar stubs and the doc stubs.
+// Defaults for all stubs that include the non-updatable framework. These defaults do not include
+// module symbols, so will not compile correctly on their own. Users must add module APIs to the
+// classpath (or sources) somehow.
 stubs_defaults {
     name: "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
     srcs: [":android-non-updatable-stub-sources"],
@@ -511,17 +513,14 @@
     system_modules: "none",
     java_version: "1.8",
     arg_files: ["core/res/AndroidManifest.xml"],
-    // TODO(b/147699819): remove below aidl includes.
     aidl: {
         local_include_dirs: [
-            "apex/media/aidl/stable",
             "media/aidl",
             "telephony/java",
         ],
         include_dirs: [
             "frameworks/av/aidl",
             "frameworks/native/libs/permission/aidl",
-            "packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/aidl-export",
         ],
     },
     // These are libs from framework-internal-utils that are required (i.e. being referenced)
@@ -543,6 +542,30 @@
         "android.hardware.usb.gadget-V1.0-java",
         "android.hardware.vibrator-V1.3-java",
         "framework-protos",
+    ],
+    filter_packages: packages_to_document,
+    high_mem: true, // Lots of sources => high memory use, see b/170701554
+    installable: false,
+    annotations_enabled: true,
+    previous_api: ":android.api.public.latest",
+    merge_annotations_dirs: ["metalava-manual"],
+    defaults_visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+    visibility: ["//frameworks/base/api"],
+}
+
+// Defaults with module APIs in the classpath (mostly from prebuilts).
+// Suitable for compiling android-non-updatable.
+stubs_defaults {
+    name: "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
+    aidl: {
+        local_include_dirs: [
+            "apex/media/aidl/stable",
+        ],
+        include_dirs: [
+            "packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/aidl-export",
+        ],
+    },
+    libs: [
         "art.module.public.api",
         "sdk_module-lib_current_framework-tethering",
         // There are a few classes from modules used by the core that
@@ -553,14 +576,7 @@
         // NOTE: The below can be removed once the prebuilt stub contains IKE.
         "sdk_system_current_android.net.ipsec.ike",
     ],
-    filter_packages: packages_to_document,
-    high_mem: true, // Lots of sources => high memory use, see b/170701554
-    installable: false,
-    annotations_enabled: true,
-    previous_api: ":android.api.public.latest",
-    merge_annotations_dirs: ["metalava-manual"],
     defaults_visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
-    visibility: ["//frameworks/base/api"],
 }
 
 build = [
diff --git a/ApiDocs.bp b/ApiDocs.bp
index ec7b194..f7bd34e 100644
--- a/ApiDocs.bp
+++ b/ApiDocs.bp
@@ -57,7 +57,10 @@
 
 stubs_defaults {
     name: "android-non-updatable-doc-stubs-defaults",
-    defaults: ["android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
+        "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         // No longer part of the stubs, but are included in the docs.
         ":android-test-base-sources",
@@ -71,39 +74,21 @@
 
 stubs_defaults {
     name: "framework-doc-stubs-default",
+    defaults: ["android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults"],
     srcs: [
-        ":android-non-updatable-stub-sources",
-
         // No longer part of the stubs, but are included in the docs.
         ":android-test-base-sources",
         ":android-test-mock-sources",
         ":android-test-runner-sources",
     ],
-    arg_files: [
-        "core/res/AndroidManifest.xml",
-    ],
     libs: framework_docs_only_libs,
     create_doc_stubs: true,
-    annotations_enabled: true,
-    filter_packages: packages_to_document,
     api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
     api_levels_annotations_dirs: [
         "sdk-dir",
         "api-versions-jars-dir",
     ],
-    previous_api: ":android.api.public.latest",
-    merge_annotations_dirs: [
-        "metalava-manual",
-    ],
     write_sdk_values: true,
-    // TODO(b/169090544): remove below aidl includes.
-    aidl: {
-        local_include_dirs: ["media/aidl"],
-        include_dirs: [
-            "frameworks/av/aidl",
-            "frameworks/native/libs/permission/aidl",
-        ],
-    },
 }
 
 // Defaults module for doc-stubs targets that use module source code as input.
diff --git a/StubLibraries.bp b/StubLibraries.bp
index 2ce3792..9e8b707 100644
--- a/StubLibraries.bp
+++ b/StubLibraries.bp
@@ -24,23 +24,15 @@
 // with the latest frozen API signature.
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Common metalava configs
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-stubs_defaults {
-    name: "metalava-non-updatable-api-stubs-default",
-    defaults: ["android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults"],
-    api_levels_annotations_enabled: false,
-    defaults_visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // These modules provide source files for the stub libraries
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    defaults: ["metalava-non-updatable-api-stubs-default"],
+    defaults: [
+        "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
+        "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
+    ],
     args: metalava_framework_docs_args,
     check_api: {
         current: {
@@ -89,7 +81,10 @@
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "system-api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    defaults: ["metalava-non-updatable-api-stubs-default"],
+    defaults: [
+        "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
+        "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
+    ],
     args: metalava_framework_docs_args + priv_apps,
     check_api: {
         current: {
@@ -125,7 +120,10 @@
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "test-api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    defaults: ["metalava-non-updatable-api-stubs-default"],
+    defaults: [
+        "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
+        "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
+    ],
     args: metalava_framework_docs_args + test + priv_apps_in_stubs,
     check_api: {
         current: {
@@ -167,7 +165,10 @@
 
 droidstubs {
     name: "module-lib-api-stubs-docs-non-updatable",
-    defaults: ["metalava-non-updatable-api-stubs-default"],
+    defaults: [
+        "android-non-updatable-stubs-defaults",
+        "module-classpath-stubs-defaults",
+    ],
     args: metalava_framework_docs_args + priv_apps_in_stubs + module_libs,
     check_api: {
         current: {
diff --git a/cmds/app_process/Android.bp b/cmds/app_process/Android.bp
index a157517..6a685a79 100644
--- a/cmds/app_process/Android.bp
+++ b/cmds/app_process/Android.bp
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
         "libwilhelm",
     ],
 
+    header_libs: ["bionic_libc_platform_headers"],
+
     compile_multilib: "both",
 
     cflags: [
diff --git a/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp b/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
index 12083b6..815f945 100644
--- a/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
+++ b/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
+#include <bionic/pac.h>
 #include <hwbinder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <cutils/memory.h>
@@ -182,6 +183,10 @@
       ALOGV("app_process main with argv: %s", argv_String.string());
     }
 
+    // Because of applications that are using PAC instructions incorrectly, PAC
+    // is disabled in application processes for now.
+    ScopedDisablePAC x;
+
     AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
     // Process command line arguments
     // ignore argv[0]
diff --git a/core/api/module-lib-current.txt b/core/api/module-lib-current.txt
index ed206b0..2b0b664 100644
--- a/core/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/core/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -61,12 +61,17 @@
     method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats querySummary(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
     method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket querySummaryForDevice(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long);
     method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryTaggedSummary(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method public void registerUsageCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setDefaultGlobalAlert(long);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setPollOnOpen(boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(@NonNull String, long, long);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setUidForeground(int, boolean);
   }
 
+  public abstract static class NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback {
+    method public void onThresholdReached(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate);
+  }
+
 }
 
 package android.bluetooth {
@@ -235,6 +240,32 @@
     method public int getResourceId();
   }
 
+  public class NetworkIdentity {
+    method public int getOemManaged();
+    method public int getRatType();
+    method @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
+    method public int getType();
+    method @Nullable public String getWifiNetworkKey();
+    method public boolean isDefaultNetwork();
+    method public boolean isMetered();
+    method public boolean isRoaming();
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkIdentity.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkIdentity.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder clearRatType();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setDefaultNetwork(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setMetered(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setNetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setOemManaged(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setRatType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setRoaming(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setSubscriberId(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setWifiNetworkKey(@Nullable String);
+  }
+
   public class NetworkPolicyManager {
     method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public int getMultipathPreference(@NonNull android.net.Network);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public int getRestrictBackgroundStatus(int);
@@ -262,6 +293,30 @@
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot> CREATOR;
   }
 
+  public final class NetworkStatsHistory implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry> getEntries();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStatsHistory> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkStatsHistory.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsHistory.Builder(long, int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Builder addEntry(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsHistory build();
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkStatsHistory.Entry {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(long, long, long, long, long, long, long);
+    method public long getActiveTime();
+    method public long getBucketStart();
+    method public long getOperations();
+    method public long getRxBytes();
+    method public long getRxPackets();
+    method public long getTxBytes();
+    method public long getTxPackets();
+  }
+
   public final class NetworkTemplate implements android.os.Parcelable {
     method public int describeContents();
     method public int getDefaultNetworkStatus();
@@ -318,6 +373,7 @@
   }
 
   public class TrafficStats {
+    method public static void attachSocketTagger();
     method public static void init(@NonNull android.content.Context);
   }
 
diff --git a/core/api/system-current.txt b/core/api/system-current.txt
index e495487..6d00909 100644
--- a/core/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/core/api/system-current.txt
@@ -2027,9 +2027,11 @@
     field public static final int ACCESS_REJECTED = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int ACCESS_UNKNOWN = 0; // 0x0
     field @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT) public static final String ACTION_SILENCE_MODE_CHANGED = "android.bluetooth.device.action.SILENCE_MODE_CHANGED";
+    field @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public static final String ACTION_SWITCH_BUFFER_SIZE = "android.bluetooth.device.action.SWITCH_BUFFER_SIZE";
     field public static final String DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT = "Default";
     field public static final String DEVICE_TYPE_UNTETHERED_HEADSET = "Untethered Headset";
     field public static final String DEVICE_TYPE_WATCH = "Watch";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_LOW_LATENCY_BUFFER_SIZE = "android.bluetooth.device.extra.LOW_LATENCY_BUFFER_SIZE";
     field public static final int METADATA_COMPANION_APP = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int METADATA_DEVICE_TYPE = 17; // 0x11
     field public static final int METADATA_ENHANCED_SETTINGS_UI_URI = 16; // 0x10
@@ -2067,6 +2069,15 @@
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE}) public boolean stopScoUsingVirtualVoiceCall();
   }
 
+  public final class BluetoothHeadsetClient implements java.lang.AutoCloseable android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public java.util.List<android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice> getConnectedDevices();
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int getConnectionPolicy(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int getConnectionState(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public java.util.List<android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice> getDevicesMatchingConnectionStates(@NonNull int[]);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public boolean setConnectionPolicy(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice, int);
+    field @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public static final String ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED = "android.bluetooth.headsetprofile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED";
+  }
+
   public final class BluetoothHearingAid implements android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile {
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int getConnectionPolicy(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public long getHiSyncId(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
@@ -2098,8 +2109,14 @@
     field @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT) public static final String ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED = "android.bluetooth.map.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED";
   }
 
-  public final class BluetoothMapClient implements android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile {
+  public final class BluetoothMapClient implements java.lang.AutoCloseable android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public java.util.List<android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice> getConnectedDevices();
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int getConnectionPolicy(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int getConnectionState(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public java.util.List<android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice> getDevicesMatchingConnectionStates(@NonNull int[]);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS}) public boolean sendMessage(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.Uri>, @NonNull String, @Nullable android.app.PendingIntent, @Nullable android.app.PendingIntent);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public boolean setConnectionPolicy(@NonNull android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice, int);
+    field @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public static final String ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED = "android.bluetooth.mapmce.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED";
   }
 
   public final class BluetoothPan implements android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile {
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java b/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java
index a6830b7..2339656 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/vcn/VcnGatewayConnectionConfig.java
@@ -549,8 +549,8 @@
          * networks, a network will be chosen arbitrarily amongst the networks matching the highest
          * priority rule.
          *
-         * <p>If all networks fail to match the rules provided, an underlying network will still be
-         * selected (at random if necessary).
+         * <p>If all networks fail to match the rules provided, a carrier-owned underlying network
+         * will still be selected (if available, at random if necessary).
          *
          * @param underlyingNetworkTemplates a list of unique VcnUnderlyingNetworkTemplates that are
          *     ordered from most to least preferred, or an empty list to use the default
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java
index 7e4645c..58a0622 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java
@@ -11599,61 +11599,60 @@
             long totalTxPackets = 0;
             long totalRxPackets = 0;
             if (delta != null) {
-                NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
-                final int size = delta.size();
-                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-                    entry = delta.getValues(i, entry);
-
+                for (NetworkStats.Entry entry : delta) {
                     if (DEBUG_ENERGY) {
-                        Slog.d(TAG, "Wifi uid " + entry.uid + ": delta rx=" + entry.rxBytes
-                                + " tx=" + entry.txBytes + " rxPackets=" + entry.rxPackets
-                                + " txPackets=" + entry.txPackets);
+                        Slog.d(TAG, "Wifi uid " + entry.getUid()
+                                + ": delta rx=" + entry.getRxBytes()
+                                + " tx=" + entry.getTxBytes()
+                                + " rxPackets=" + entry.getRxPackets()
+                                + " txPackets=" + entry.getTxPackets());
                     }
 
-                    if (entry.rxBytes == 0 && entry.txBytes == 0) {
+                    if (entry.getRxBytes() == 0 && entry.getTxBytes() == 0) {
                         // Skip the lookup below since there is no work to do.
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    final Uid u = getUidStatsLocked(mapUid(entry.uid), elapsedRealtimeMs, uptimeMs);
-                    if (entry.rxBytes != 0) {
-                        u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_RX_DATA, entry.rxBytes,
-                                entry.rxPackets);
-                        if (entry.set == NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT) { // Background transfers
-                            u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_BG_RX_DATA, entry.rxBytes,
-                                    entry.rxPackets);
+                    final Uid u = getUidStatsLocked(mapUid(entry.getUid()),
+                            elapsedRealtimeMs, uptimeMs);
+                    if (entry.getRxBytes() != 0) {
+                        u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_RX_DATA, entry.getRxBytes(),
+                                entry.getRxPackets());
+                        if (entry.getSet() == NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT) { // Background transfers
+                            u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_BG_RX_DATA, entry.getRxBytes(),
+                                    entry.getRxPackets());
                         }
                         mNetworkByteActivityCounters[NETWORK_WIFI_RX_DATA].addCountLocked(
-                                entry.rxBytes);
+                                entry.getRxBytes());
                         mNetworkPacketActivityCounters[NETWORK_WIFI_RX_DATA].addCountLocked(
-                                entry.rxPackets);
+                                entry.getRxPackets());
 
                         // TODO(b/182845426): What if u was a mapped isolated uid? Shouldn't we sum?
-                        rxPackets.put(u.getUid(), entry.rxPackets);
+                        rxPackets.put(u.getUid(), entry.getRxPackets());
 
                         // Sum the total number of packets so that the Rx Power can
                         // be evenly distributed amongst the apps.
-                        totalRxPackets += entry.rxPackets;
+                        totalRxPackets += entry.getRxPackets();
                     }
 
-                    if (entry.txBytes != 0) {
-                        u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_TX_DATA, entry.txBytes,
-                                entry.txPackets);
-                        if (entry.set == NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT) { // Background transfers
-                            u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_BG_TX_DATA, entry.txBytes,
-                                    entry.txPackets);
+                    if (entry.getTxBytes() != 0) {
+                        u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_TX_DATA, entry.getTxBytes(),
+                                entry.getTxPackets());
+                        if (entry.getSet() == NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT) { // Background transfers
+                            u.noteNetworkActivityLocked(NETWORK_WIFI_BG_TX_DATA, entry.getTxBytes(),
+                                    entry.getTxPackets());
                         }
                         mNetworkByteActivityCounters[NETWORK_WIFI_TX_DATA].addCountLocked(
-                                entry.txBytes);
+                                entry.getTxBytes());
                         mNetworkPacketActivityCounters[NETWORK_WIFI_TX_DATA].addCountLocked(
-                                entry.txPackets);
+                                entry.getTxPackets());
 
                         // TODO(b/182845426): What if u was a mapped isolated uid? Shouldn't we sum?
-                        txPackets.put(u.getUid(), entry.txPackets);
+                        txPackets.put(u.getUid(), entry.getTxPackets());
 
                         // Sum the total number of packets so that the Tx Power can
                         // be evenly distributed amongst the apps.
-                        totalTxPackets += entry.txPackets;
+                        totalTxPackets += entry.getTxPackets();
                     }
 
                     // Calculate consumed energy for this uid. Only do so if WifiReporting isn't
@@ -11681,7 +11680,7 @@
 
                         uidEstimatedConsumptionMah.add(u.getUid(),
                                 mWifiPowerCalculator.calcPowerWithoutControllerDataMah(
-                                        entry.rxPackets, entry.txPackets,
+                                        entry.getRxPackets(), entry.getTxPackets(),
                                         uidRunningMs, uidScanMs, uidBatchScanMs));
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BinderLatencyObserver.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BinderLatencyObserver.java
index 20cf102..e9d55db 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BinderLatencyObserver.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BinderLatencyObserver.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Slog;
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@
         }
 
         public Handler getHandler() {
-            return new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+            return BackgroundThread.getHandler();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
index 8d1f16b..44c7f54 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.app.IActivityManager;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.content.type.DefaultMimeMapFactory;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.DeadObjectException;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@
 import android.util.Slog;
 
 import com.android.internal.logging.AndroidConfig;
-import com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger;
 
 import dalvik.system.RuntimeHooks;
 import dalvik.system.VMRuntime;
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
         /*
          * Wire socket tagging to traffic stats.
          */
-        NetworkManagementSocketTagger.install();
+        TrafficStats.attachSocketTagger();
 
         initialized = true;
     }
diff --git a/core/jni/Android.bp b/core/jni/Android.bp
index 07b16ed..adcbb425 100644
--- a/core/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/core/jni/Android.bp
@@ -245,7 +245,6 @@
                 "libandroid_net",
                 "libandroidicu",
                 "libbpf_android",
-                "libnetdbpf",
                 "libnetdutils",
                 "libmemtrack",
                 "libandroidfw",
diff --git a/core/jni/OWNERS b/core/jni/OWNERS
index 832c498..80e83ad 100644
--- a/core/jni/OWNERS
+++ b/core/jni/OWNERS
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@
 per-file AndroidRuntime.cpp = calin@google.com, ngeoffray@google.com, oth@google.com
 # Although marked "view" this is mostly graphics stuff
 per-file android_view_* = file:/graphics/java/android/graphics/OWNERS
+# File used for Android Studio layoutlib
+per-file LayoutlibLoader.cpp = file:/graphics/java/android/graphics/OWNERS
+per-file LayoutlibLoader.cpp = diegoperez@google.com, jgaillard@google.com
 
 # Verity
 per-file com_android_internal_security_Verity* = ebiggers@google.com, victorhsieh@google.com
diff --git a/core/res/res/values/public.xml b/core/res/res/values/public.xml
index 2403a60..5f89588 100644
--- a/core/res/res/values/public.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/values/public.xml
@@ -3200,11 +3200,85 @@
     <!-- @hide For use by platform and tools only. Developers should not specify this value. -->
     <public type="string" name="config_defaultRingtoneVibrationSound" id="0x0104003b" />
 
+    <!-- ===============================================================
+         Resources added in version T of the platform
+
+         NOTE: add <public> elements within a <staging-public-group> like so:
+
+         <staging-public-group type="attr" first-id="0x01ff0000">
+             <public name="exampleAttr1" />
+             <public name="exampleAttr2" />
+         </staging-public-group>
+
+         To add a new <staging-public-group> block, find the id value for the
+         last <staging-public-group> block defined for thie API level, and
+         subtract 0x00010000 from it to get to the id of the new block.
+
+         For example, if the block closest to the end of this file has an id
+         of 0x01ee0000, the id of the new block should be 0x01ed0000
+         (0x01ee0000 - 0x00010000 = 0x01ed0000).
+         =============================================================== -->
+    <eat-comment />
+
+    <staging-public-group type="attr" first-id="0x01df0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="id" first-id="0x01de0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="style" first-id="0x0dfd0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="string" first-id="0x0dfc0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="dimen" first-id="0x01db0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="color" first-id="0x01da0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="array" first-id="0x01d90000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="drawable" first-id="0x01d80000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="layout" first-id="0x01d70000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="anim" first-id="0x01d60000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="animator" first-id="0x01d50000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="interpolator" first-id="0x01d40000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="mipmap" first-id="0x01d30000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="integer" first-id="0x01d20000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="transition" first-id="0x01d10000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="raw" first-id="0x01d00000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="bool" first-id="0x01cf0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
+    <staging-public-group type="fraction" first-id="0x01ce0000">
+    </staging-public-group>
+
   <!-- ===============================================================
        DO NOT ADD UN-GROUPED ITEMS HERE
 
        Any new items (attrs, styles, ids, etc.) *must* be added in a
-       public-group block, as the preceding comment explains.
+       staging-public-group block, as the preceding comment explains.
        Items added outside of a group may have their value recalculated
        every time something new is added to this file.
        =============================================================== -->
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/Android.bp b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/Android.bp
index d3d8bba..223bdcdd 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -129,6 +129,11 @@
         "src/android/net/EthernetNetworkSpecifier.java",
         "src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl",
         "src/android/net/IEthernetServiceListener.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/IInternalNetworkManagementListener.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.java",
+        "src/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.java",
+        "src/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.aidl",
         "src/android/net/ITetheredInterfaceCallback.aidl",
     ],
     path: "src",
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
index 8813f98..28f930f 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
 import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
@@ -39,14 +40,11 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
-import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.Looper;
-import android.os.Message;
-import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /**
  * Provides access to network usage history and statistics. Usage data is collected in
@@ -723,26 +722,36 @@
         }
     }
 
-    /** @hide */
-    public void registerUsageCallback(NetworkTemplate template, int networkType,
-            long thresholdBytes, UsageCallback callback, @Nullable Handler handler) {
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about data usage on specified networks.
+     *
+     * <p>The callbacks will continue to be called as long as the process is alive or
+     * {@link #unregisterUsageCallback} is called.
+     *
+     * @param template Template used to match networks. See {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     * @param thresholdBytes Threshold in bytes to be notified on. The provided value that lower
+     *                       than 2MiB will be clamped for non-privileged callers.
+     * @param executor The executor on which callback will be invoked. The provided {@link Executor}
+     *                 must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of callbacks cannot be
+     *                 guaranteed.
+     * @param callback The {@link UsageCallback} that the system will call when data usage
+     *                 has exceeded the specified threshold.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void registerUsageCallback(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template, long thresholdBytes,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor, @NonNull UsageCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(template, "NetworkTemplate cannot be null");
         Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "UsageCallback cannot be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Executor cannot be null");
 
-        final Looper looper;
-        if (handler == null) {
-            looper = Looper.myLooper();
-        } else {
-            looper = handler.getLooper();
-        }
-
-        DataUsageRequest request = new DataUsageRequest(DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET,
+        final DataUsageRequest request = new DataUsageRequest(DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET,
                 template, thresholdBytes);
         try {
-            CallbackHandler callbackHandler = new CallbackHandler(looper, networkType,
-                    template.getSubscriberId(), callback);
+            final UsageCallbackWrapper callbackWrapper =
+                    new UsageCallbackWrapper(executor, callback);
             callback.request = mService.registerUsageCallback(
-                    mContext.getOpPackageName(), request, new Messenger(callbackHandler),
-                    new Binder());
+                    mContext.getOpPackageName(), request, callbackWrapper);
             if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "registerUsageCallback returned " + callback.request);
 
             if (callback.request == null) {
@@ -795,12 +804,15 @@
         NetworkTemplate template = createTemplate(networkType, subscriberId);
         if (DBG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "registerUsageCallback called with: {"
-                + " networkType=" + networkType
-                + " subscriberId=" + subscriberId
-                + " thresholdBytes=" + thresholdBytes
-                + " }");
+                    + " networkType=" + networkType
+                    + " subscriberId=" + subscriberId
+                    + " thresholdBytes=" + thresholdBytes
+                    + " }");
         }
-        registerUsageCallback(template, networkType, thresholdBytes, callback, handler);
+
+        final Executor executor = handler == null ? r -> r.run() : r -> handler.post(r);
+
+        registerUsageCallback(template, thresholdBytes, executor, callback);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -825,6 +837,26 @@
      * Base class for usage callbacks. Should be extended by applications wanting notifications.
      */
     public static abstract class UsageCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when data usage has reached the given threshold.
+         *
+         * Called by {@code NetworkStatsService} when the registered threshold is reached.
+         * If a caller implements {@link #onThresholdReached(NetworkTemplate)}, the system
+         * will not call {@link #onThresholdReached(int, String)}.
+         *
+         * @param template The {@link NetworkTemplate} that associated with this callback.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public void onThresholdReached(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template) {
+            // Backward compatibility for those who didn't override this function.
+            final int networkType = networkTypeForTemplate(template);
+            if (networkType != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE) {
+                final String subscriberId = template.getSubscriberIds().isEmpty() ? null
+                        : template.getSubscriberIds().iterator().next();
+                onThresholdReached(networkType, subscriberId);
+            }
+        }
 
         /**
          * Called when data usage has reached the given threshold.
@@ -835,6 +867,25 @@
          * @hide used for internal bookkeeping
          */
         private DataUsageRequest request;
+
+        /**
+         * Get network type from a template if feasible.
+         *
+         * @param template the target {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+         * @return legacy network type, only supports for the types which is already supported in
+         *         {@link #registerUsageCallback(int, String, long, UsageCallback, Handler)}.
+         *         {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_NONE} for other types.
+         */
+        private static int networkTypeForTemplate(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template) {
+            switch (template.getMatchRule()) {
+                case NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE:
+                    return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+                case NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI:
+                    return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+                default:
+                    return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -953,43 +1004,32 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static class CallbackHandler extends Handler {
-        private final int mNetworkType;
-        private final String mSubscriberId;
-        private UsageCallback mCallback;
+    private static class UsageCallbackWrapper extends IUsageCallback.Stub {
+        // Null if unregistered.
+        private volatile UsageCallback mCallback;
 
-        CallbackHandler(Looper looper, int networkType, String subscriberId,
-                UsageCallback callback) {
-            super(looper);
-            mNetworkType = networkType;
-            mSubscriberId = subscriberId;
+        private final Executor mExecutor;
+
+        UsageCallbackWrapper(@NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull UsageCallback callback) {
             mCallback = callback;
+            mExecutor = executor;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void handleMessage(Message message) {
-            DataUsageRequest request =
-                    (DataUsageRequest) getObject(message, DataUsageRequest.PARCELABLE_KEY);
-
-            switch (message.what) {
-                case CALLBACK_LIMIT_REACHED: {
-                    if (mCallback != null) {
-                        mCallback.onThresholdReached(mNetworkType, mSubscriberId);
-                    } else {
-                        Log.e(TAG, "limit reached with released callback for " + request);
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-                case CALLBACK_RELEASED: {
-                    if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "callback released for " + request);
-                    mCallback = null;
-                    break;
-                }
+        public void onThresholdReached(DataUsageRequest request) {
+            // Copy it to a local variable in case mCallback changed inside the if condition.
+            final UsageCallback callback = mCallback;
+            if (callback != null) {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onThresholdReached(request.template));
+            } else {
+                Log.e(TAG, "onThresholdReached with released callback for " + request);
             }
         }
 
-        private static Object getObject(Message msg, String key) {
-            return msg.getData().getParcelable(key);
+        @Override
+        public void onCallbackReleased(DataUsageRequest request) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "callback released for " + request);
+            mCallback = null;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IInternalNetworkManagementListener.aidl b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/IInternalNetworkManagementListener.aidl
similarity index 100%
rename from core/java/android/net/IInternalNetworkManagementListener.aidl
rename to packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/IInternalNetworkManagementListener.aidl
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
index da0aa99..efe626d 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProvider;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@
 
     /** Registers a callback on data usage. */
     DataUsageRequest registerUsageCallback(String callingPackage,
-            in DataUsageRequest request, in Messenger messenger, in IBinder binder);
+            in DataUsageRequest request, in IUsageCallback callback);
 
     /** Unregisters a callback on data usage. */
     void unregisterUsageRequest(in DataUsageRequest request);
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.aidl b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.aidl
similarity index 100%
rename from core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.aidl
rename to packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.aidl
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.java
rename to packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkManagementException.java
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl
similarity index 100%
rename from core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl
rename to packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core/java/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.java
rename to packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/InternalNetworkUpdateRequest.java
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
index a62aa51..d3d5a08 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
 
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
 import android.service.NetworkIdentityProto;
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkIdentityUtils;
 
@@ -44,8 +48,8 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
-// @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
-public class NetworkIdentity implements Comparable<NetworkIdentity> {
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public class NetworkIdentity {
     private static final String TAG = "NetworkIdentity";
 
     /** @hide */
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@
 
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
-    @IntDef(prefix = { "OEM_MANAGED_" }, value = {
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "OEM_MANAGED_" }, flag = true, value = {
             NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO,
             NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PAID,
             NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE
@@ -71,12 +75,14 @@
      * Network has {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID}.
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final int OEM_PAID = 0x1;
+    public static final int OEM_PAID = 1 << 0;
     /**
      * Network has {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE}.
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final int OEM_PRIVATE = 0x2;
+    public static final int OEM_PRIVATE = 1 << 1;
+
+    private static final long SUPPORTED_OEM_MANAGED_TYPES = OEM_PAID | OEM_PRIVATE;
 
     final int mType;
     final int mRatType;
@@ -218,7 +224,7 @@
         return mRoaming;
     }
 
-    /** Return the roaming status of this instance. */
+    /** Return whether this network is roaming. */
     public boolean isRoaming() {
         return mRoaming;
     }
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@
         return mMetered;
     }
 
-    /** Return the meteredness of this instance. */
+    /** Return whether this network is metered. */
     public boolean isMetered() {
         return mMetered;
     }
@@ -240,7 +246,7 @@
         return mDefaultNetwork;
     }
 
-    /** Return the default network status of this instance. */
+    /** Return whether this network is the default network. */
     public boolean isDefaultNetwork() {
         return mDefaultNetwork;
     }
@@ -262,7 +268,7 @@
      *                {@link TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN} if not applicable.
      *                See {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*}.
      * @hide
-     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkIdentity#Builder}.
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkIdentity.Builder}.
      */
     // TODO: Remove this after all callers are migrated to use new Api.
     @Deprecated
@@ -270,8 +276,12 @@
     public static NetworkIdentity buildNetworkIdentity(Context context,
             @NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot,
             boolean defaultNetwork, @Annotation.NetworkType int ratType) {
-        return new NetworkIdentity.Builder().setNetworkStateSnapshot(snapshot)
-                .setDefaultNetwork(defaultNetwork).setRatType(ratType).build();
+        final NetworkIdentity.Builder builder = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                .setNetworkStateSnapshot(snapshot).setDefaultNetwork(defaultNetwork);
+        if (snapshot.getLegacyType() == TYPE_MOBILE && ratType != NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
+            builder.setRatType(ratType);
+        }
+        return builder.build();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -291,30 +301,30 @@
         return oemManaged;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public int compareTo(@NonNull NetworkIdentity another) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(another);
-        int res = Integer.compare(mType, another.mType);
+    /** @hide */
+    public static int compare(@NonNull NetworkIdentity left, @NonNull NetworkIdentity right) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(right);
+        int res = Integer.compare(left.mType, right.mType);
         if (res == 0) {
-            res = Integer.compare(mRatType, another.mRatType);
+            res = Integer.compare(left.mRatType, right.mRatType);
         }
-        if (res == 0 && mSubscriberId != null && another.mSubscriberId != null) {
-            res = mSubscriberId.compareTo(another.mSubscriberId);
+        if (res == 0 && left.mSubscriberId != null && right.mSubscriberId != null) {
+            res = left.mSubscriberId.compareTo(right.mSubscriberId);
         }
-        if (res == 0 && mWifiNetworkKey != null && another.mWifiNetworkKey != null) {
-            res = mWifiNetworkKey.compareTo(another.mWifiNetworkKey);
+        if (res == 0 && left.mWifiNetworkKey != null && right.mWifiNetworkKey != null) {
+            res = left.mWifiNetworkKey.compareTo(right.mWifiNetworkKey);
         }
         if (res == 0) {
-            res = Boolean.compare(mRoaming, another.mRoaming);
+            res = Boolean.compare(left.mRoaming, right.mRoaming);
         }
         if (res == 0) {
-            res = Boolean.compare(mMetered, another.mMetered);
+            res = Boolean.compare(left.mMetered, right.mMetered);
         }
         if (res == 0) {
-            res = Boolean.compare(mDefaultNetwork, another.mDefaultNetwork);
+            res = Boolean.compare(left.mDefaultNetwork, right.mDefaultNetwork);
         }
         if (res == 0) {
-            res = Integer.compare(mOemManaged, another.mOemManaged);
+            res = Integer.compare(left.mOemManaged, right.mOemManaged);
         }
         return res;
     }
@@ -323,6 +333,11 @@
      * Builder class for {@link NetworkIdentity}.
      */
     public static final class Builder {
+        // Need to be synchronized with ConnectivityManager.
+        // TODO: Use {@link ConnectivityManager#MAX_NETWORK_TYPE} when this file is in the module.
+        private static final int MAX_NETWORK_TYPE = 18; // TYPE_TEST
+        private static final int MIN_NETWORK_TYPE = TYPE_MOBILE;
+
         private int mType;
         private int mRatType;
         private String mSubscriberId;
@@ -349,7 +364,14 @@
 
         /**
          * Add an {@link NetworkStateSnapshot} into the {@link NetworkIdentity} instance.
-         * This is to read roaming, metered, wifikey... from the snapshot for convenience.
+         * This is a useful shorthand that will read from the snapshot and set the
+         * following fields, if they are set in the snapshot :
+         *  - type
+         *  - subscriberId
+         *  - roaming
+         *  - metered
+         *  - oemManaged
+         *  - wifiNetworkKey
          *
          * @param snapshot The target {@link NetworkStateSnapshot} object.
          * @return The builder object.
@@ -374,9 +396,7 @@
                         .getTransportInfo();
                 if (transportInfo instanceof WifiInfo) {
                     final WifiInfo info = (WifiInfo) transportInfo;
-                    if (info != null) {
-                        setWifiNetworkKey(info.getNetworkKey());
-                    }
+                    setWifiNetworkKey(info.getNetworkKey());
                 }
             }
             return this;
@@ -391,6 +411,12 @@
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder setType(int type) {
+            // Include TYPE_NONE for compatibility, type field might not be filled by some
+            // networks such as test networks.
+            if ((type < MIN_NETWORK_TYPE || MAX_NETWORK_TYPE < type)
+                    && type != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid network type: " + type);
+            }
             mType = type;
             return this;
         }
@@ -398,6 +424,8 @@
         /**
          * Set the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type of the network.
          *
+         * No RAT type is specified by default. Call clearRatType to reset.
+         *
          * @param ratType the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type if applicable. See
          *                {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*}.
          *
@@ -405,6 +433,10 @@
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder setRatType(@Annotation.NetworkType int ratType) {
+            if (!CollectionUtils.contains(TelephonyManager.getAllNetworkTypes(), ratType)
+                    && ratType != TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ratType " + ratType);
+            }
             mRatType = ratType;
             return this;
         }
@@ -447,7 +479,9 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set the roaming.
+         * Set whether this network is roaming.
+         *
+         * This field is false by default. Call with false to reset.
          *
          * @param roaming the roaming status of the network.
          * @return this builder.
@@ -459,7 +493,9 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set the meteredness.
+         * Set whether this network is metered.
+         *
+         * This field is false by default. Call with false to reset.
          *
          * @param metered the meteredness of the network.
          * @return this builder.
@@ -471,7 +507,9 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set the default network status.
+         * Set whether this network is the default network.
+         *
+         * This field is false by default. Call with false to reset.
          *
          * @param defaultNetwork the default network status of the network.
          * @return this builder.
@@ -491,10 +529,27 @@
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder setOemManaged(@OemManaged int oemManaged) {
+            // Assert input does not contain illegal oemManage bits.
+            if ((~SUPPORTED_OEM_MANAGED_TYPES & oemManaged) != 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value for OemManaged : " + oemManaged);
+            }
             mOemManaged = oemManaged;
             return this;
         }
 
+        private void ensureValidParameters() {
+            // Assert non-mobile network cannot have a ratType.
+            if (mType != TYPE_MOBILE && mRatType != NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Invalid ratType " + mRatType + " for type " + mType);
+            }
+
+            // Assert non-wifi network cannot have a wifi network key.
+            if (mType != TYPE_WIFI && mWifiNetworkKey != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid wifi network key for type " + mType);
+            }
+        }
+
         /**
          * Builds the instance of the {@link NetworkIdentity}.
          *
@@ -502,6 +557,7 @@
          */
         @NonNull
         public NetworkIdentity build() {
+            ensureValidParameters();
             return new NetworkIdentity(mType, mRatType, mSubscriberId, mWifiNetworkKey,
                     mRoaming, mMetered, mDefaultNetwork, mOemManaged);
         }
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java
index 041f070..dfa347f 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * Identity of a {@code iface}, defined by the set of {@link NetworkIdentity}
@@ -34,9 +35,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
-// @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
-public class NetworkIdentitySet extends HashSet<NetworkIdentity> implements
-        Comparable<NetworkIdentitySet> {
+public class NetworkIdentitySet extends HashSet<NetworkIdentity> {
     private static final int VERSION_INIT = 1;
     private static final int VERSION_ADD_ROAMING = 2;
     private static final int VERSION_ADD_NETWORK_ID = 3;
@@ -52,6 +51,11 @@
     }
 
     /** @hide */
+    public NetworkIdentitySet(@NonNull Set<NetworkIdentity> ident) {
+        super(ident);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
     public NetworkIdentitySet(DataInput in) throws IOException {
         final int version = in.readInt();
         final int size = in.readInt();
@@ -189,15 +193,15 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public int compareTo(@NonNull NetworkIdentitySet another) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(another);
-        if (isEmpty()) return -1;
-        if (another.isEmpty()) return 1;
+    public static int compare(@NonNull NetworkIdentitySet left, @NonNull NetworkIdentitySet right) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(left);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(right);
+        if (left.isEmpty()) return -1;
+        if (right.isEmpty()) return 1;
 
-        final NetworkIdentity ident = iterator().next();
-        final NetworkIdentity anotherIdent = another.iterator().next();
-        return ident.compareTo(anotherIdent);
+        final NetworkIdentity leftIdent = left.iterator().next();
+        final NetworkIdentity rightIdent = right.iterator().next();
+        return NetworkIdentity.compare(leftIdent, rightIdent);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
index f169fed..58ca21f 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * Collection of {@link NetworkStatsHistory}, stored based on combined key of
@@ -702,7 +703,7 @@
     private ArrayList<Key> getSortedKeys() {
         final ArrayList<Key> keys = new ArrayList<>();
         keys.addAll(mStats.keySet());
-        Collections.sort(keys);
+        Collections.sort(keys, (left, right) -> Key.compare(left, right));
         return keys;
     }
 
@@ -812,7 +813,7 @@
      * the identifier that associate with the {@link NetworkStatsHistory} object to identify
      * a certain record in the {@link NetworkStatsCollection} object.
      */
-    public static class Key implements Comparable<Key> {
+    public static class Key {
         /** @hide */
         public final NetworkIdentitySet ident;
         /** @hide */
@@ -832,6 +833,11 @@
          * @param set Set of the record, see {@code NetworkStats#SET_*}.
          * @param tag Tag of the record, see {@link TrafficStats#setThreadStatsTag(int)}.
          */
+        public Key(@NonNull Set<NetworkIdentity> ident, int uid, int set, int tag) {
+            this(new NetworkIdentitySet(Objects.requireNonNull(ident)), uid, set, tag);
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
         public Key(@NonNull NetworkIdentitySet ident, int uid, int set, int tag) {
             this.ident = Objects.requireNonNull(ident);
             this.uid = uid;
@@ -855,21 +861,22 @@
             return false;
         }
 
-        @Override
-        public int compareTo(@NonNull Key another) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(another);
+        /** @hide */
+        public static int compare(@NonNull Key left, @NonNull Key right) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(left);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(right);
             int res = 0;
-            if (ident != null && another.ident != null) {
-                res = ident.compareTo(another.ident);
+            if (left.ident != null && right.ident != null) {
+                res = NetworkIdentitySet.compare(left.ident, right.ident);
             }
             if (res == 0) {
-                res = Integer.compare(uid, another.uid);
+                res = Integer.compare(left.uid, right.uid);
             }
             if (res == 0) {
-                res = Integer.compare(set, another.set);
+                res = Integer.compare(left.set, right.set);
             }
             if (res == 0) {
-                res = Integer.compare(tag, another.tag);
+                res = Integer.compare(left.tag, right.tag);
             }
             return res;
         }
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.java
index 90054c6..78c1370 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.multiplySafeByRational;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcel;
@@ -51,7 +53,9 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.ProtocolException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Random;
 
 /**
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
-// @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
 public final class NetworkStatsHistory implements Parcelable {
     private static final int VERSION_INIT = 1;
     private static final int VERSION_ADD_PACKETS = 2;
@@ -97,23 +101,157 @@
     private long[] operations;
     private long totalBytes;
 
-    public static class Entry {
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(long bucketDuration, long[] bucketStart, long[] activeTime,
+            long[] rxBytes, long[] rxPackets, long[] txBytes, long[] txPackets,
+            long[] operations, int bucketCount, long totalBytes) {
+        this.bucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+        this.bucketStart = bucketStart;
+        this.activeTime = activeTime;
+        this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        this.txBytes = txBytes;
+        this.txPackets = txPackets;
+        this.operations = operations;
+        this.bucketCount = bucketCount;
+        this.totalBytes = totalBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An instance to represent a single record in a {@link NetworkStatsHistory} object.
+     */
+    public static final class Entry {
+        /** @hide */
         public static final long UNKNOWN = -1;
 
+        /** @hide */
+        // TODO: Migrate all callers to get duration from the history object and remove this field.
         @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
         public long bucketDuration;
+        /** @hide */
         @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
         public long bucketStart;
+        /** @hide */
         public long activeTime;
+        /** @hide */
         @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public long rxBytes;
+        /** @hide */
         @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
         public long rxPackets;
+        /** @hide */
         @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public long txBytes;
+        /** @hide */
         @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
         public long txPackets;
+        /** @hide */
         public long operations;
+        /** @hide */
+        Entry() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Construct a {@link Entry} instance to represent a single record in a
+         * {@link NetworkStatsHistory} object.
+         *
+         * @param bucketStart Start of period for this {@link Entry}, in milliseconds since the
+         *                    Unix epoch, see {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         * @param activeTime Active time for this {@link Entry}, in milliseconds.
+         * @param rxBytes Number of bytes received for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param rxPackets Number of packets received for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                  represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param txBytes Number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param txPackets Number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                  represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param operations count of network operations performed for this {@link Entry}. This can
+         *                   be used to derive bytes-per-operation.
+         */
+        public Entry(long bucketStart, long activeTime, long rxBytes,
+                long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+            this.bucketStart = bucketStart;
+            this.activeTime = activeTime;
+            this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+            this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+            this.txBytes = txBytes;
+            this.txPackets = txPackets;
+            this.operations = operations;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get start timestamp of the bucket's time interval, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch.
+         */
+        public long getBucketStart() {
+            return bucketStart;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get active time of the bucket's time interval, in milliseconds.
+         */
+        public long getActiveTime() {
+            return activeTime;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of bytes received for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getRxBytes() {
+            return rxBytes;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of packets received for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getRxPackets() {
+            return rxPackets;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getTxBytes() {
+            return txBytes;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of packets transmitted for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getTxPackets() {
+            return txPackets;
+        }
+
+        /** Get count of network operations performed for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getOperations() {
+            return operations;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (o.getClass() != getClass()) return false;
+            Entry entry = (Entry) o;
+            return bucketStart == entry.bucketStart
+                    && activeTime == entry.activeTime && rxBytes == entry.rxBytes
+                    && rxPackets == entry.rxPackets && txBytes == entry.txBytes
+                    && txPackets == entry.txPackets && operations == entry.operations;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return (int) (bucketStart * 2
+                    + activeTime * 3
+                    + rxBytes * 5
+                    + rxPackets * 7
+                    + txBytes * 11
+                    + txPackets * 13
+                    + operations * 17);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "Entry{"
+                    + "bucketStart=" + bucketStart
+                    + ", activeTime=" + activeTime
+                    + ", rxBytes=" + rxBytes
+                    + ", rxPackets=" + rxPackets
+                    + ", txBytes=" + txBytes
+                    + ", txPackets=" + txPackets
+                    + ", operations=" + operations
+                    + "}";
+        }
     }
 
     /** @hide */
@@ -324,6 +462,22 @@
         return entry;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get List of {@link Entry} of the {@link NetworkStatsHistory} instance.
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<Entry> getEntries() {
+        // TODO: Return a wrapper that uses this list instead, to prevent the returned result
+        //  from being changed.
+        final ArrayList<Entry> ret = new ArrayList<>(size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+            ret.add(getValues(i, null /* recycle */));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     /** @hide */
     public void setValues(int i, Entry entry) {
         // Unwind old values
@@ -928,4 +1082,80 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Builder class for {@link NetworkStatsHistory}.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final long mBucketDuration;
+        private final List<Long> mBucketStart;
+        private final List<Long> mActiveTime;
+        private final List<Long> mRxBytes;
+        private final List<Long> mRxPackets;
+        private final List<Long> mTxBytes;
+        private final List<Long> mTxPackets;
+        private final List<Long> mOperations;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder with given bucket duration and initial capacity to construct
+         * {@link NetworkStatsHistory} objects.
+         *
+         * @param bucketDuration Duration of the buckets of the object, in milliseconds.
+         * @param initialCapacity Estimated number of records.
+         */
+        public Builder(long bucketDuration, int initialCapacity) {
+            mBucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+            mBucketStart = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mActiveTime = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mRxBytes = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mRxPackets = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mTxBytes = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mTxPackets = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mOperations = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add an {@link Entry} into the {@link NetworkStatsHistory} instance.
+         *
+         * @param entry The target {@link Entry} object.
+         * @return The builder object.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addEntry(@NonNull Entry entry) {
+            mBucketStart.add(entry.bucketStart);
+            mActiveTime.add(entry.activeTime);
+            mRxBytes.add(entry.rxBytes);
+            mRxPackets.add(entry.rxPackets);
+            mTxBytes.add(entry.txBytes);
+            mTxPackets.add(entry.txPackets);
+            mOperations.add(entry.operations);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private static long sum(@NonNull List<Long> list) {
+            long sum = 0;
+            for (long entry : list) {
+                sum += entry;
+            }
+            return sum;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the instance of the {@link NetworkStatsHistory}.
+         *
+         * @return the built instance of {@link NetworkStatsHistory}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkStatsHistory build() {
+            return new NetworkStatsHistory(mBucketDuration,
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mBucketStart),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mActiveTime),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mRxBytes),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mRxPackets),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mTxBytes),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mTxPackets),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mOperations),
+                    mBucketStart.size(),
+                    sum(mRxBytes) + sum(mTxBytes));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
index c803a72..77b7f16 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
@@ -214,6 +216,18 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Attach the socket tagger implementation to the current process, to
+     * get notified when a socket's {@link FileDescriptor} is assigned to
+     * a thread. See {@link SocketTagger#set(SocketTagger)}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static void attachSocketTagger() {
+        NetworkManagementSocketTagger.install();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Set active tag to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
      * from the current thread. Only one active tag per thread is supported.
      * <p>
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/IUsageCallback.aidl b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/IUsageCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e8a5b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/IUsageCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats;
+
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for NetworkStatsService to notify events to the callers of registerUsageCallback.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface IUsageCallback {
+    void onThresholdReached(in DataUsageRequest request);
+    void onCallbackReleased(in DataUsageRequest request);
+}
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/Android.bp b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/Android.bp
index b261e16..24bc91d 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/Android.bp
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
     srcs: [
         "src/com/android/server/net/NetworkIdentity*.java",
         "src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStats*.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java",
     ],
     path: "src",
     visibility: [
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "services.connectivity-ethernet-sources",
     srcs: [
+        "src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java",
         "src/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStore.java",
     ],
     path: "src",
@@ -97,3 +100,28 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libcom_android_net_module_util_jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/jni/onload.cpp b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bca4697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(env,
+            "com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};
+
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25c88eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+
+/**
+ * Monitor interface added (without removed) and right interface name and its index to bpf map.
+ */
+public class BpfInterfaceMapUpdater {
+    private static final String TAG = BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.class.getSimpleName();
+    // This is current path but may be changed soon.
+    private static final String IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/map_netd_iface_index_name_map";
+    private final IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(Context ctx, Handler handler) {
+        this(ctx, handler, new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(Context ctx, Handler handler, Dependencies deps) {
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mBpfMap = deps.getInterfaceMap();
+        mNetd = deps.getINetd(ctx);
+        mHandler = handler;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of BpfInerfaceMapUpdater, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /** Create BpfMap for updating interface and index mapping. */
+        public IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                    U32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create interface map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get InterfaceParams for giving interface name. */
+        public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifaceName) {
+            return InterfaceParams.getByName(ifaceName);
+        }
+
+        /** Get INetd binder object. */
+        public INetd getINetd(Context ctx) {
+            return INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) ctx.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start listening interface update event.
+     * Query current interface names before listening.
+     */
+    public void start() {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            if (mBpfMap == null) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to start: Null bpf map");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                // TODO: use a NetlinkMonitor and listen for RTM_NEWLINK messages instead.
+                mNetd.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(new InterfaceChangeObserver());
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unable to register netd UnsolicitedEventListener, " + e);
+            }
+
+            final String[] ifaces;
+            try {
+                // TODO: use a netlink dump to get the current interface list.
+                ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unable to query interface names by netd, " + e);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (String ifaceName : ifaces) {
+                addInterface(ifaceName);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void addInterface(String ifaceName) {
+        final InterfaceParams iface = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(ifaceName);
+        if (iface == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to get InterfaceParams for " + ifaceName);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mBpfMap.updateEntry(new U32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to update entry for " + ifaceName + ", " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InterfaceChangeObserver extends BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceAdded(String ifName) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> addInterface(ifName));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java
similarity index 82%
rename from services/core/java/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java
rename to packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java
index 8f09eb7..35dc455 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java
@@ -26,21 +26,37 @@
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
+/**
+ * This class provides APIs to do a delayed data write to a given {@link OutputStream}.
+ */
 public class DelayedDiskWrite {
+    private static final String TAG = "DelayedDiskWrite";
+
     private HandlerThread mDiskWriteHandlerThread;
     private Handler mDiskWriteHandler;
     /* Tracks multiple writes on the same thread */
     private int mWriteSequence = 0;
-    private final String TAG = "DelayedDiskWrite";
 
+    /**
+     * Used to do a delayed data write to a given {@link OutputStream}.
+     */
     public interface Writer {
-        public void onWriteCalled(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException;
+        /**
+         * write data to a given {@link OutputStream}.
+         */
+        void onWriteCalled(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Do a delayed data write to a given output stream opened from filePath.
+     */
     public void write(final String filePath, final Writer w) {
         write(filePath, w, true);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Do a delayed data write to a given output stream opened from filePath.
+     */
     public void write(final String filePath, final Writer w, final boolean open) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("empty file path");
@@ -77,7 +93,7 @@
             if (out != null) {
                 try {
                     out.close();
-                } catch (Exception e) {}
+                } catch (Exception e) { }
             }
 
             // Quit if no more writes sent
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..061f323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * The value of bpf interface index map which is used for NetworkStatsService.
+ */
+public class InterfaceMapValue extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] interfaceName;
+
+    public InterfaceMapValue(String iface) {
+        final byte[] ifaceArray = iface.getBytes();
+        interfaceName = new byte[16];
+        // All array bytes after the interface name, if any, must be 0.
+        System.arraycopy(ifaceArray, 0, interfaceName, 0, ifaceArray.length);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
index bb123a3..17f3455 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.net.INetd;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
-import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.StrictMode;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 
     private final boolean mUseBpfStats;
 
-    private final INetd mNetd;
+    private final Context mContext;
 
     /**
      * Guards persistent data access in this class
@@ -158,12 +158,12 @@
         NetworkStats.apply464xlatAdjustments(baseTraffic, stackedTraffic, mStackedIfaces);
     }
 
-    public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull INetd netd) {
-        this(new File("/proc/"), true, netd);
+    public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull Context ctx) {
+        this(ctx, new File("/proc/"), true);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public NetworkStatsFactory(File procRoot, boolean useBpfStats, @NonNull INetd netd) {
+    public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull Context ctx, File procRoot, boolean useBpfStats) {
         mStatsXtIfaceAll = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_all");
         mStatsXtIfaceFmt = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_fmt");
         mStatsXtUid = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/stats");
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
             mPersistSnapshot = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), -1);
             mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), -1);
         }
-        mNetd = netd;
+        mContext = ctx;
     }
 
     public NetworkStats readBpfNetworkStatsDev() throws IOException {
@@ -295,11 +295,12 @@
     }
 
     @GuardedBy("mPersistentDataLock")
-    private void requestSwapActiveStatsMapLocked() throws RemoteException {
-        // Ask netd to do a active map stats swap. When the binder call successfully returns,
+    private void requestSwapActiveStatsMapLocked() {
+        // Do a active map stats swap. When the binder call successfully returns,
         // the system server should be able to safely read and clean the inactive map
         // without race problem.
-        mNetd.trafficSwapActiveStatsMap();
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        cm.swapActiveStatsMap();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@
                 if (mUseBpfStats) {
                     try {
                         requestSwapActiveStatsMapLocked();
-                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                         throw new IOException(e);
                     }
                     // Stats are always read from the inactive map, so they must be read after the
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
index b57a4f9..1953624 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
@@ -26,13 +26,12 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection;
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
-import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
-import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -75,10 +74,10 @@
      *
      * @return the normalized request wrapped within {@link RequestInfo}.
      */
-    public DataUsageRequest register(DataUsageRequest inputRequest, Messenger messenger,
-                IBinder binder, int callingUid, @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
-        DataUsageRequest request = buildRequest(inputRequest);
-        RequestInfo requestInfo = buildRequestInfo(request, messenger, binder, callingUid,
+    public DataUsageRequest register(DataUsageRequest inputRequest, IUsageCallback callback,
+            int callingUid, @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+        DataUsageRequest request = buildRequest(inputRequest, callingUid);
+        RequestInfo requestInfo = buildRequestInfo(request, callback, callingUid,
                 accessLevel);
 
         if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "Registering observer for " + request);
@@ -195,10 +194,12 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private DataUsageRequest buildRequest(DataUsageRequest request) {
-        // Cap the minimum threshold to a safe default to avoid too many callbacks
-        long thresholdInBytes = Math.max(MIN_THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
-        if (thresholdInBytes < request.thresholdInBytes) {
+    private DataUsageRequest buildRequest(DataUsageRequest request, int callingUid) {
+        // For non-system uid, cap the minimum threshold to a safe default to avoid too
+        // many callbacks.
+        long thresholdInBytes = (callingUid == Process.SYSTEM_UID ? request.thresholdInBytes
+                : Math.max(MIN_THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes));
+        if (thresholdInBytes > request.thresholdInBytes) {
             Log.w(TAG, "Threshold was too low for " + request
                     + ". Overriding to a safer default of " + thresholdInBytes + " bytes");
         }
@@ -206,11 +207,10 @@
                 request.template, thresholdInBytes);
     }
 
-    private RequestInfo buildRequestInfo(DataUsageRequest request,
-                Messenger messenger, IBinder binder, int callingUid,
-                @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+    private RequestInfo buildRequestInfo(DataUsageRequest request, IUsageCallback callback,
+            int callingUid, @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
         if (accessLevel <= NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER) {
-            return new UserUsageRequestInfo(this, request, messenger, binder, callingUid,
+            return new UserUsageRequestInfo(this, request, callback, callingUid,
                     accessLevel);
         } else {
             // Safety check in case a new access level is added and we forgot to update this
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                         "accessLevel " + accessLevel + " is less than DEVICESUMMARY.");
             }
-            return new NetworkUsageRequestInfo(this, request, messenger, binder, callingUid,
+            return new NetworkUsageRequestInfo(this, request, callback, callingUid,
                     accessLevel);
         }
     }
@@ -230,25 +230,23 @@
     private abstract static class RequestInfo implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
         private final NetworkStatsObservers mStatsObserver;
         protected final DataUsageRequest mRequest;
-        private final Messenger mMessenger;
-        private final IBinder mBinder;
+        private final IUsageCallback mCallback;
         protected final int mCallingUid;
         protected final @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int mAccessLevel;
         protected NetworkStatsRecorder mRecorder;
         protected NetworkStatsCollection mCollection;
 
         RequestInfo(NetworkStatsObservers statsObserver, DataUsageRequest request,
-                    Messenger messenger, IBinder binder, int callingUid,
+                IUsageCallback callback, int callingUid,
                     @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
             mStatsObserver = statsObserver;
             mRequest = request;
-            mMessenger = messenger;
-            mBinder = binder;
+            mCallback = callback;
             mCallingUid = callingUid;
             mAccessLevel = accessLevel;
 
             try {
-                mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                mCallback.asBinder().linkToDeath(this, 0);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 binderDied();
             }
@@ -257,7 +255,7 @@
         @Override
         public void binderDied() {
             if (LOGV) {
-                Log.v(TAG, "RequestInfo binderDied(" + mRequest + ", " + mBinder + ")");
+                Log.v(TAG, "RequestInfo binderDied(" + mRequest + ", " + mCallback + ")");
             }
             mStatsObserver.unregister(mRequest, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
             callCallback(NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_RELEASED);
@@ -270,9 +268,7 @@
         }
 
         private void unlinkDeathRecipient() {
-            if (mBinder != null) {
-                mBinder.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
-            }
+            mCallback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -294,17 +290,19 @@
         }
 
         private void callCallback(int callbackType) {
-            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
-            bundle.putParcelable(DataUsageRequest.PARCELABLE_KEY, mRequest);
-            Message msg = Message.obtain();
-            msg.what = callbackType;
-            msg.setData(bundle);
             try {
                 if (LOGV) {
                     Log.v(TAG, "sending notification " + callbackTypeToName(callbackType)
                             + " for " + mRequest);
                 }
-                mMessenger.send(msg);
+                switch (callbackType) {
+                    case NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_LIMIT_REACHED:
+                        mCallback.onThresholdReached(mRequest);
+                        break;
+                    case NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_RELEASED:
+                        mCallback.onCallbackReleased(mRequest);
+                        break;
+                }
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 // May occur naturally in the race of binder death.
                 Log.w(TAG, "RemoteException caught trying to send a callback msg for " + mRequest);
@@ -334,9 +332,9 @@
 
     private static class NetworkUsageRequestInfo extends RequestInfo {
         NetworkUsageRequestInfo(NetworkStatsObservers statsObserver, DataUsageRequest request,
-                    Messenger messenger, IBinder binder, int callingUid,
+                IUsageCallback callback, int callingUid,
                     @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
-            super(statsObserver, request, messenger, binder, callingUid, accessLevel);
+            super(statsObserver, request, callback, callingUid, accessLevel);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -376,9 +374,9 @@
 
     private static class UserUsageRequestInfo extends RequestInfo {
         UserUsageRequestInfo(NetworkStatsObservers statsObserver, DataUsageRequest request,
-                    Messenger messenger, IBinder binder, int callingUid,
+                    IUsageCallback callback, int callingUid,
                     @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
-            super(statsObserver, request, messenger, binder, callingUid, accessLevel);
+            super(statsObserver, request, callback, callingUid, accessLevel);
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 9b90f3b..243d621 100644
--- a/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/packages/ConnectivityT/service/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProvider;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
@@ -106,12 +107,10 @@
 import android.os.DropBoxManager;
 import android.os.Environment;
 import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.HandlerExecutor;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
-import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
@@ -358,6 +357,9 @@
     @NonNull
     private final LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
 
+    @NonNull
+    private final BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mInterfaceMapUpdater;
+
     private static @NonNull File getDefaultSystemDir() {
         return new File(Environment.getDataDirectory(), "system");
     }
@@ -420,7 +422,7 @@
         final NetworkStatsService service = new NetworkStatsService(context,
                 INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)),
                 alarmManager, wakeLock, getDefaultClock(),
-                new DefaultNetworkStatsSettings(), new NetworkStatsFactory(netd),
+                new DefaultNetworkStatsSettings(), new NetworkStatsFactory(context),
                 new NetworkStatsObservers(), getDefaultSystemDir(), getDefaultBaseDir(),
                 new Dependencies());
 
@@ -450,11 +452,13 @@
         handlerThread.start();
         mHandler = new NetworkStatsHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
         mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor = deps.makeSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext,
-                new HandlerExecutor(mHandler), this);
+                (command) -> mHandler.post(command) , this);
         mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
         mContentObserver = mDeps.makeContentObserver(mHandler, mSettings,
                 mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor);
         mLocationPermissionChecker = mDeps.makeLocationPermissionChecker(mContext);
+        mInterfaceMapUpdater = mDeps.makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(mContext, mHandler);
+        mInterfaceMapUpdater.start();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -509,6 +513,13 @@
         public LocationPermissionChecker makeLocationPermissionChecker(final Context context) {
             return new LocationPermissionChecker(context);
         }
+
+        /** Create BpfInterfaceMapUpdater to update bpf interface map. */
+        @NonNull
+        public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(
+                @NonNull Context ctx, @NonNull Handler handler) {
+            return new BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(ctx, handler);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -557,7 +568,7 @@
         // watch for tethering changes
         final TetheringManager tetheringManager = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
         tetheringManager.registerTetheringEventCallback(
-                new HandlerExecutor(mHandler), mTetherListener);
+                (command) -> mHandler.post(command), mTetherListener);
 
         // listen for periodic polling events
         final IntentFilter pollFilter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL);
@@ -989,8 +1000,17 @@
         }
 
         // TODO: switch to data layer stats once kernel exports
-        // for now, read network layer stats and flatten across all ifaces
-        final NetworkStats networkLayer = readNetworkStatsUidDetail(uid, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+        // for now, read network layer stats and flatten across all ifaces.
+        // This function is used to query NeworkStats for calle's uid. The only caller method
+        // TrafficStats#getDataLayerSnapshotForUid alrady claim no special permission to query
+        // its own NetworkStats.
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        final NetworkStats networkLayer;
+        try {
+            networkLayer = readNetworkStatsUidDetail(uid, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
 
         // splice in operation counts
         networkLayer.spliceOperationsFrom(mUidOperations);
@@ -1137,21 +1157,20 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public DataUsageRequest registerUsageCallback(String callingPackage,
-                DataUsageRequest request, Messenger messenger, IBinder binder) {
+    public DataUsageRequest registerUsageCallback(@NonNull String callingPackage,
+                @NonNull DataUsageRequest request, @NonNull IUsageCallback callback) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(callingPackage, "calling package is null");
         Objects.requireNonNull(request, "DataUsageRequest is null");
         Objects.requireNonNull(request.template, "NetworkTemplate is null");
-        Objects.requireNonNull(messenger, "messenger is null");
-        Objects.requireNonNull(binder, "binder is null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback is null");
 
         int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
         @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel = checkAccessLevel(callingPackage);
         DataUsageRequest normalizedRequest;
         final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
         try {
-            normalizedRequest = mStatsObservers.register(request, messenger, binder,
-                    callingUid, accessLevel);
+            normalizedRequest = mStatsObservers.register(
+                    request, callback, callingUid, accessLevel);
         } finally {
             Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
         }
diff --git a/packages/SystemUI/OWNERS b/packages/SystemUI/OWNERS
index e1da744..8323e32 100644
--- a/packages/SystemUI/OWNERS
+++ b/packages/SystemUI/OWNERS
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@
 awickham@google.com
 beverlyt@google.com
 brockman@google.com
+brzezinski@google.com
 brycelee@google.com
 ccassidy@google.com
+chrisgollner@google.com
 cinek@google.com
 cwren@google.com
 dupin@google.com
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@
 mrcasey@google.com
 mrenouf@google.com
 nesciosquid@google.com
+nickchameyev@google.com
+nicomazz@google.com
 ogunwale@google.com
 peanutbutter@google.com
 pinyaoting@google.com
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@
 yurilin@google.com
 xuqiu@google.com
 zakcohen@google.com
+jernej@google.com
 
 #Android Auto
 hseog@google.com
diff --git a/services/Android.bp b/services/Android.bp
index 8fb9ae8..8947393 100644
--- a/services/Android.bp
+++ b/services/Android.bp
@@ -176,6 +176,10 @@
     name: "libandroid_servers",
     defaults: ["libservices.core-libs"],
     whole_static_libs: ["libservices.core"],
+    required: [
+        // TODO: remove after NetworkStatsService is moved to the mainline module.
+        "libcom_android_net_module_util_jni",
+    ],
 }
 
 platform_compat_config {
diff --git a/services/core/Android.bp b/services/core/Android.bp
index 960f7ca..9d19008 100644
--- a/services/core/Android.bp
+++ b/services/core/Android.bp
@@ -166,6 +166,9 @@
         "overlayable_policy_aidl-java",
         "SurfaceFlingerProperties",
         "com.android.sysprop.watchdog",
+        // This is used for services.connectivity-tiramisu-sources.
+        // TODO: delete when NetworkStatsService is moved to the mainline module.
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
     ],
     javac_shard_size: 50,
 }
diff --git a/services/core/java/android/app/usage/OWNERS b/services/core/java/android/app/usage/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a55514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/core/java/android/app/usage/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/frameworks/base:/core/java/android/app/usage/OWNERS
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementService.java
index 3951680..8551d88 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementService.java
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.OBSERVE_NETWORK_POLICY;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.SHUTDOWN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY;
 import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST;
-import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_CHAIN_NONE;
-import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE;
-import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED;
-import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY;
 import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_DENYLIST;
 import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
 import static android.net.INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.app.ActivityManager;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
 import android.net.INetworkManagementEventObserver;
@@ -1158,19 +1159,12 @@
             }
 
             Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "inetd bandwidth");
+            final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
             try {
                 if (allowlist) {
-                    if (enable) {
-                        mNetdService.bandwidthAddNiceApp(uid);
-                    } else {
-                        mNetdService.bandwidthRemoveNiceApp(uid);
-                    }
+                    cm.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, enable);
                 } else {
-                    if (enable) {
-                        mNetdService.bandwidthAddNaughtyApp(uid);
-                    } else {
-                        mNetdService.bandwidthRemoveNaughtyApp(uid);
-                    }
+                    cm.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, enable);
                 }
                 synchronized (mRulesLock) {
                     if (enable) {
@@ -1179,7 +1173,7 @@
                         quotaList.delete(uid);
                     }
                 }
-            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             } finally {
                 Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
@@ -1464,9 +1458,10 @@
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad child chain: " + chainName);
             }
 
+            final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
             try {
-                mNetdService.firewallEnableChildChain(chain, enable);
-            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, enable);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             }
 
@@ -1538,25 +1533,10 @@
                     updateFirewallUidRuleLocked(chain, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT);
                 }
             }
+            final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
             try {
-                switch (chain) {
-                    case FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:
-                        mNetdService.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_dozable", true, uids);
-                        break;
-                    case FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY:
-                        mNetdService.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_standby", false, uids);
-                        break;
-                    case FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE:
-                        mNetdService.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_powersave", true, uids);
-                        break;
-                    case FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
-                        mNetdService.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_restricted", true, uids);
-                        break;
-                    case FIREWALL_CHAIN_NONE:
-                    default:
-                        Slog.d(TAG, "setFirewallUidRules() called on invalid chain: " + chain);
-                }
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                cm.replaceFirewallChain(chain, uids);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 Slog.w(TAG, "Error flushing firewall chain " + chain, e);
             }
         }
@@ -1572,10 +1552,10 @@
 
     private void setFirewallUidRuleLocked(int chain, int uid, int rule) {
         if (updateFirewallUidRuleLocked(chain, uid, rule)) {
-            final int ruleType = getFirewallRuleType(chain, rule);
+            final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
             try {
-                mNetdService.firewallSetUidRule(chain, uid, ruleType);
-            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                cm.updateFirewallRule(chain, uid, isFirewallRuleAllow(chain, rule));
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             }
         }
@@ -1645,12 +1625,12 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private int getFirewallRuleType(int chain, int rule) {
+    // There are only two type of firewall rule: FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW or FIREWALL_RULE_DENY.
+    private boolean isFirewallRuleAllow(int chain, int rule) {
         if (rule == NetworkPolicyManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT) {
-            return getFirewallType(chain) == FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST
-                    ? INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY : INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
+            return getFirewallType(chain) == FIREWALL_DENYLIST;
         }
-        return rule;
+        return rule == INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
     }
 
     private void enforceSystemUid() {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java
index fce6737..a5024ff 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
@@ -409,8 +408,8 @@
 
         private void registerUsageCallback(long budget) {
             maybeUnregisterUsageCallback();
-            mStatsManager.registerUsageCallback(mNetworkTemplate, TYPE_MOBILE, budget,
-                    mUsageCallback, mHandler);
+            mStatsManager.registerUsageCallback(mNetworkTemplate, budget,
+                    (command) -> mHandler.post(command), mUsageCallback);
             mMultipathBudget = budget;
         }
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java
index fc7c859..5ec6ee8 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.OBSERVE_NETWORK_POLICY;
-import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE;
 import static android.app.PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
-import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.LIMIT_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.SNOOZE_NEVER;
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.WARNING_DISABLED;
@@ -131,7 +129,6 @@
 import static com.android.internal.util.XmlUtils.writeLongAttribute;
 import static com.android.internal.util.XmlUtils.writeStringAttribute;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT;
-import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED;
 
 import static org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT;
 import static org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser.END_TAG;
@@ -1013,10 +1010,11 @@
             userFilter.addAction(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
             mContext.registerReceiver(mUserReceiver, userFilter, null, mHandler);
 
-            // listen for stats update events
-            final IntentFilter statsFilter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED);
-            mContext.registerReceiver(
-                    mStatsReceiver, statsFilter, READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY, mHandler);
+            // listen for stats updated callbacks for interested network types.
+            mNetworkStats.registerUsageCallback(new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE).build(),
+                    0 /* thresholdBytes */, new HandlerExecutor(mHandler), mStatsCallback);
+            mNetworkStats.registerUsageCallback(new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build(),
+                    0 /* thresholdBytes */, new HandlerExecutor(mHandler), mStatsCallback);
 
             // listen for restrict background changes from notifications
             final IntentFilter allowFilter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_ALLOW_BACKGROUND);
@@ -1221,19 +1219,16 @@
     };
 
     /**
-     * Receiver that watches for {@link NetworkStatsManager} updates, which we
-     * use to check against {@link NetworkPolicy#warningBytes}.
+     * Listener that watches for {@link NetworkStatsManager} updates, which
+     * NetworkPolicyManagerService uses to check against {@link NetworkPolicy#warningBytes}.
      */
-    private final NetworkStatsBroadcastReceiver mStatsReceiver =
-            new NetworkStatsBroadcastReceiver();
-    private class NetworkStatsBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
-        private boolean mIsAnyIntentReceived = false;
-        @Override
-        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-            // on background handler thread, and verified
-            // READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY permission above.
+    private final StatsCallback mStatsCallback = new StatsCallback();
+    private class StatsCallback extends NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback {
+        private boolean mIsAnyCallbackReceived = false;
 
-            mIsAnyIntentReceived = true;
+        @Override
+        public void onThresholdReached(int networkType, String subscriberId) {
+            mIsAnyCallbackReceived = true;
 
             synchronized (mNetworkPoliciesSecondLock) {
                 updateNetworkRulesNL();
@@ -1243,11 +1238,11 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Return whether any {@code ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED} intent is received.
+         * Return whether any callback is received.
          * Used to determine if NetworkStatsService is ready.
          */
-        public boolean isAnyIntentReceived() {
-            return mIsAnyIntentReceived;
+        public boolean isAnyCallbackReceived() {
+            return mIsAnyCallbackReceived;
         }
     };
 
@@ -1474,7 +1469,7 @@
 
         // Skip if not ready. NetworkStatsService will block public API calls until it is
         // ready. To prevent NPMS be blocked on that, skip and fail fast instead.
-        if (!mStatsReceiver.isAnyIntentReceived()) return null;
+        if (!mStatsCallback.isAnyCallbackReceived()) return null;
 
         final List<NetworkStats.Bucket> stats = mDeps.getNetworkUidBytes(template, start, end);
         for (final NetworkStats.Bucket entry : stats) {
@@ -1518,13 +1513,11 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < mSubIdToSubscriberId.size(); i++) {
             final int subId = mSubIdToSubscriberId.keyAt(i);
             final String subscriberId = mSubIdToSubscriberId.valueAt(i);
-            final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity(TYPE_MOBILE,
-                    TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, subscriberId, null, false, true,
-                    true, OEM_NONE);
-            /* While OEM_NONE indicates "any non OEM managed network", OEM_NONE is meant to be a
-             * placeholder value here. The probeIdent is matched against a NetworkTemplate which
-             * should have its OEM managed value set to OEM_MANAGED_ALL, which will cause the
-             * template to match probeIdent without regard to OEM managed status. */
+            final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                    .setType(TYPE_MOBILE)
+                    .setSubscriberId(subscriberId)
+                    .setMetered(true)
+                    .setDefaultNetwork(true).build();
             if (template.matches(probeIdent)) {
                 return subId;
             }
@@ -1757,9 +1750,11 @@
 
         // find and update the carrier NetworkPolicy for this subscriber id
         boolean policyUpdated = false;
-        final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity(TYPE_MOBILE,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, subscriberId, null, false, true, true,
-                OEM_NONE);
+        final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                .setType(TYPE_MOBILE)
+                .setSubscriberId(subscriberId)
+                .setMetered(true)
+                .setDefaultNetwork(true).build();
         for (int i = mNetworkPolicy.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
             final NetworkTemplate template = mNetworkPolicy.keyAt(i);
             if (template.matches(probeIdent)) {
@@ -1987,10 +1982,11 @@
                 for (int i = 0; i < mSubIdToSubscriberId.size(); i++) {
                     final int subId = mSubIdToSubscriberId.keyAt(i);
                     final String subscriberId = mSubIdToSubscriberId.valueAt(i);
-
-                    final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity(TYPE_MOBILE,
-                            TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, subscriberId, null, false, true,
-                            true, OEM_NONE);
+                    final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                            .setType(TYPE_MOBILE)
+                            .setSubscriberId(subscriberId)
+                            .setMetered(true)
+                            .setDefaultNetwork(true).build();
                     // Template is matched when subscriber id matches.
                     if (template.matches(probeIdent)) {
                         matchingSubIds.add(subId);
@@ -2094,11 +2090,9 @@
         for (final NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot : snapshots) {
             mNetIdToSubId.put(snapshot.getNetwork().getNetId(), parseSubId(snapshot));
 
-            // Policies matched by NPMS only match by subscriber ID or by network ID. Thus subtype
-            // in the object created here is never used and its value doesn't matter, so use
-            // NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN.
-            final NetworkIdentity ident = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mContext, snapshot,
-                    true, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN /* subType */);
+            // Policies matched by NPMS only match by subscriber ID or by network ID.
+            final NetworkIdentity ident = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                    .setNetworkStateSnapshot(snapshot).setDefaultNetwork(true).build();
             identified.put(snapshot, ident);
         }
 
@@ -2295,9 +2289,11 @@
     @GuardedBy("mNetworkPoliciesSecondLock")
     private boolean ensureActiveCarrierPolicyAL(int subId, String subscriberId) {
         // Poke around to see if we already have a policy
-        final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity(TYPE_MOBILE,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, subscriberId, null, false, true, true,
-                OEM_NONE);
+        final NetworkIdentity probeIdent = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                .setType(TYPE_MOBILE)
+                .setSubscriberId(subscriberId)
+                .setMetered(true)
+                .setDefaultNetwork(true).build();
         for (int i = mNetworkPolicy.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
             final NetworkTemplate template = mNetworkPolicy.keyAt(i);
             if (template.matches(probeIdent)) {
@@ -5470,7 +5466,7 @@
     private long getTotalBytes(NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end) {
         // Skip if not ready. NetworkStatsService will block public API calls until it is
         // ready. To prevent NPMS be blocked on that, skip and fail fast instead.
-        if (!mStatsReceiver.isAnyIntentReceived()) return 0;
+        if (!mStatsCallback.isAnyCallbackReceived()) return 0;
         return mDeps.getNetworkTotalBytes(template, start, end);
     }
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/stats/pull/StatsPullAtomService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/stats/pull/StatsPullAtomService.java
index bbd4d05..d4e7573 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/stats/pull/StatsPullAtomService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/stats/pull/StatsPullAtomService.java
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 
 import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_FLAG_SELF;
 import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_FLAG_TRUSTED_PROXIED;
-import static android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN;
-import static android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_FORCE;
-import static android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.content.pm.PermissionInfo.PROTECTION_DANGEROUS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
@@ -73,6 +70,7 @@
 import android.app.RuntimeAppOpAccessMessage;
 import android.app.StatsManager;
 import android.app.StatsManager.PullAtomMetadata;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothActivityEnergyInfo;
 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.bluetooth.UidTraffic;
@@ -86,8 +84,6 @@
 import android.hardware.face.FaceManager;
 import android.hardware.fingerprint.FingerprintManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
-import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
@@ -181,6 +177,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.os.SystemServerCpuThreadReader.SystemServiceCpuThreadTimes;
 import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.FrameworkStatsLog;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
 import com.android.role.RoleManagerLocal;
 import com.android.server.BinderCallsStatsService;
 import com.android.server.LocalManagerRegistry;
@@ -228,7 +225,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
 /**
  * SystemService containing PullAtomCallbacks that are registered with statsd.
@@ -324,6 +321,7 @@
     private WifiManager mWifiManager;
     private TelephonyManager mTelephony;
     private SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
+    private NetworkStatsManager mNetworkStatsManager;
 
     @GuardedBy("mKernelWakelockLock")
     private KernelWakelockReader mKernelWakelockReader;
@@ -769,7 +767,7 @@
                 mContext.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE);
         mStatsSubscriptionsListener = new StatsSubscriptionsListener(mSubscriptionManager);
         mStorageManager = (StorageManager) mContext.getSystemService(StorageManager.class);
-
+        mNetworkStatsManager = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkStatsManager.class);
         // Initialize DiskIO
         mStoragedUidIoStatsReader = new StoragedUidIoStatsReader();
 
@@ -959,32 +957,6 @@
         registerOemManagedBytesTransfer();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Return the {@code INetworkStatsSession} object that holds the necessary properties needed
-     * for the subsequent queries to {@link com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService}. Or
-     * null if the service or binder cannot be obtained. Calling this method will trigger poll
-     * in NetworkStatsService with once per 15 seconds rate-limit, unless {@code bypassRateLimit}
-     * is set to true. This is needed in {@link #getUidNetworkStatsSnapshotForTemplate}, where
-     * bypassing the limit is necessary for perfd to supply realtime stats to developers looking at
-     * the network usage of their app.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    private INetworkStatsSession getNetworkStatsSession(boolean bypassRateLimit) {
-        final INetworkStatsService networkStatsService =
-                INetworkStatsService.Stub.asInterface(
-                        ServiceManager.getService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE));
-        if (networkStatsService == null) return null;
-
-        try {
-            return networkStatsService.openSessionForUsageStats(
-                    FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN | (bypassRateLimit ? FLAG_POLL_FORCE
-                            : FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN), mContext.getOpPackageName());
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            Slog.e(TAG, "Cannot get NetworkStats session", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
     private IThermalService getIThermalService() {
         synchronized (mThermalLock) {
             if (mThermalService == null) {
@@ -1115,8 +1087,8 @@
             case FrameworkStatsLog.WIFI_BYTES_TRANSFER: {
                 final NetworkStats stats = getUidNetworkStatsSnapshotForTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
                 if (stats != null) {
-                    ret.add(new NetworkStatsExt(stats.groupedByUid(), new int[] {TRANSPORT_WIFI},
-                                    /*slicedByFgbg=*/false));
+                    ret.add(new NetworkStatsExt(sliceNetworkStatsByUid(stats),
+                            new int[] {TRANSPORT_WIFI}, /*slicedByFgbg=*/false));
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -1132,7 +1104,7 @@
                 final NetworkStats stats =
                         getUidNetworkStatsSnapshotForTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
                 if (stats != null) {
-                    ret.add(new NetworkStatsExt(stats.groupedByUid(),
+                    ret.add(new NetworkStatsExt(sliceNetworkStatsByUid(stats),
                                     new int[] {TRANSPORT_CELLULAR}, /*slicedByFgbg=*/false));
                 }
                 break;
@@ -1223,23 +1195,19 @@
 
     private void addNetworkStats(int atomTag, @NonNull List<StatsEvent> ret,
             @NonNull NetworkStatsExt statsExt) {
-        int size = statsExt.stats.size();
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(); // For recycling
-        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
-            statsExt.stats.getValues(j, entry);
+        for (NetworkStats.Entry entry : statsExt.stats) {
             StatsEvent statsEvent;
-
             if (statsExt.slicedByFgbg) {
                 // MobileBytesTransferByFgBg atom or WifiBytesTransferByFgBg atom.
                 statsEvent = FrameworkStatsLog.buildStatsEvent(
-                        atomTag, entry.uid,
-                        (entry.set > 0), entry.rxBytes, entry.rxPackets, entry.txBytes,
-                        entry.txPackets);
+                        atomTag, entry.getUid(),
+                        (entry.getSet() > 0), entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(),
+                        entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets());
             } else {
                 // MobileBytesTransfer atom or WifiBytesTransfer atom.
                 statsEvent = FrameworkStatsLog.buildStatsEvent(
-                        atomTag, entry.uid, entry.rxBytes,
-                        entry.rxPackets, entry.txBytes, entry.txPackets);
+                        atomTag, entry.getUid(), entry.getRxBytes(),
+                        entry.getRxPackets(), entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets());
             }
             ret.add(statsEvent);
         }
@@ -1247,13 +1215,12 @@
 
     private void addBytesTransferByTagAndMeteredAtoms(@NonNull NetworkStatsExt statsExt,
             @NonNull List<StatsEvent> pulledData) {
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(); // for recycling
-        for (int i = 0; i < statsExt.stats.size(); i++) {
-            statsExt.stats.getValues(i, entry);
+        for (NetworkStats.Entry entry : statsExt.stats) {
             pulledData.add(FrameworkStatsLog.buildStatsEvent(
-                    FrameworkStatsLog.BYTES_TRANSFER_BY_TAG_AND_METERED, entry.uid,
-                    entry.metered == NetworkStats.METERED_YES, entry.tag, entry.rxBytes,
-                    entry.rxPackets, entry.txBytes, entry.txPackets));
+                    FrameworkStatsLog.BYTES_TRANSFER_BY_TAG_AND_METERED, entry.getUid(),
+                    entry.getMetered() == NetworkStats.METERED_YES, entry.getTag(),
+                    entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(), entry.getTxBytes(),
+                    entry.getTxPackets()));
         }
     }
 
@@ -1268,12 +1235,11 @@
         // Report NR connected in 5G non-standalone mode, or if the RAT type is NR to begin with.
         final boolean isNR = is5GNsa || statsExt.ratType == TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR;
 
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(); // for recycling
-        for (int i = 0; i < statsExt.stats.size(); i++) {
-            statsExt.stats.getValues(i, entry);
+        for (NetworkStats.Entry entry : statsExt.stats) {
             pulledData.add(FrameworkStatsLog.buildStatsEvent(
-                    FrameworkStatsLog.DATA_USAGE_BYTES_TRANSFER, entry.set, entry.rxBytes,
-                    entry.rxPackets, entry.txBytes, entry.txPackets,
+                    FrameworkStatsLog.DATA_USAGE_BYTES_TRANSFER,
+                    entry.getSet(), entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(),
+                    entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets(),
                     is5GNsa ? TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE : statsExt.ratType,
                     // Fill information about subscription, these cannot be null since invalid data
                     // would be filtered when adding into subInfo list.
@@ -1287,15 +1253,13 @@
 
     private void addOemDataUsageBytesTransferAtoms(@NonNull NetworkStatsExt statsExt,
             @NonNull List<StatsEvent> pulledData) {
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(); // for recycling
         final int oemManaged = statsExt.oemManaged;
         for (final int transport : statsExt.transports) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < statsExt.stats.size(); i++) {
-                statsExt.stats.getValues(i, entry);
+            for (NetworkStats.Entry entry : statsExt.stats) {
                 pulledData.add(FrameworkStatsLog.buildStatsEvent(
-                        FrameworkStatsLog.OEM_MANAGED_BYTES_TRANSFER, entry.uid, (entry.set > 0),
-                        oemManaged, transport, entry.rxBytes, entry.rxPackets, entry.txBytes,
-                        entry.txPackets));
+                        FrameworkStatsLog.OEM_MANAGED_BYTES_TRANSFER, entry.getUid(),
+                        (entry.getSet() > 0), oemManaged, transport, entry.getRxBytes(),
+                        entry.getRxPackets(), entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets()));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1357,22 +1321,32 @@
         final long currentTimeInMillis = MICROSECONDS.toMillis(SystemClock.currentTimeMicro());
         final long bucketDuration = Settings.Global.getLong(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                 NETSTATS_UID_BUCKET_DURATION, NETSTATS_UID_DEFAULT_BUCKET_DURATION_MS);
-        try {
-            // TODO (b/156313635): This is short-term hack to allow perfd gets updated networkStats
-            //  history when query in every second in order to show realtime statistics. However,
-            //  this is not a good long-term solution since NetworkStatsService will make frequent
-            //  I/O and also block main thread when polling.
-            //  Consider making perfd queries NetworkStatsService directly.
-            final NetworkStats stats = getNetworkStatsSession(template.getMatchRule()
-                    == NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD).getSummaryForAllUid(template,
-                    currentTimeInMillis - elapsedMillisSinceBoot - bucketDuration,
-                    currentTimeInMillis, includeTags);
-            return stats;
-        } catch (RemoteException | NullPointerException e) {
-            Slog.e(TAG, "Pulling netstats for template=" + template + " and includeTags="
-                    + includeTags  + " causes error", e);
+
+        // TODO (b/156313635): This is short-term hack to allow perfd gets updated networkStats
+        //  history when query in every second in order to show realtime statistics. However,
+        //  this is not a good long-term solution since NetworkStatsService will make frequent
+        //  I/O and also block main thread when polling.
+        //  Consider making perfd queries NetworkStatsService directly.
+        if (template.getMatchRule() == MATCH_WIFI && template.getSubscriberIds().isEmpty()) {
+            mNetworkStatsManager.forceUpdate();
         }
-        return null;
+
+        final android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryNonTaggedStats =
+                mNetworkStatsManager.querySummary(
+                template, currentTimeInMillis - elapsedMillisSinceBoot - bucketDuration,
+                currentTimeInMillis);
+
+        final NetworkStats nonTaggedStats =
+                NetworkStatsUtils.fromPublicNetworkStats(queryNonTaggedStats);
+        if (!includeTags) return nonTaggedStats;
+
+        final android.app.usage.NetworkStats quaryTaggedStats =
+                mNetworkStatsManager.queryTaggedSummary(template,
+                currentTimeInMillis - elapsedMillisSinceBoot - bucketDuration,
+                currentTimeInMillis);
+        final NetworkStats taggedStats =
+                NetworkStatsUtils.fromPublicNetworkStats(quaryTaggedStats);
+        return nonTaggedStats.add(taggedStats);
     }
 
     @NonNull private List<NetworkStatsExt> getDataUsageBytesTransferSnapshotForSub(
@@ -1396,27 +1370,51 @@
         return ret;
     }
 
+    @NonNull private NetworkStats sliceNetworkStatsByUid(@NonNull NetworkStats stats) {
+        return sliceNetworkStats(stats,
+                (entry) -> {
+                        return new NetworkStats.Entry(null /* IFACE_ALL */, entry.getUid(),
+                                NetworkStats.SET_ALL, NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                                NetworkStats.METERED_ALL, NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL,
+                                NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                                entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(),
+                                entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets(), 0);
+                });
+    }
+
     @NonNull private NetworkStats sliceNetworkStatsByFgbg(@NonNull NetworkStats stats) {
         return sliceNetworkStats(stats,
-                (newEntry, oldEntry) -> {
-                    newEntry.set = oldEntry.set;
+                (entry) -> {
+                        return new NetworkStats.Entry(null /* IFACE_ALL */, NetworkStats.UID_ALL,
+                                entry.getSet(), NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                                NetworkStats.METERED_ALL, NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL,
+                                NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                                entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(),
+                                entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets(), 0);
                 });
     }
 
     @NonNull private NetworkStats sliceNetworkStatsByUidAndFgbg(@NonNull NetworkStats stats) {
         return sliceNetworkStats(stats,
-                (newEntry, oldEntry) -> {
-                    newEntry.uid = oldEntry.uid;
-                    newEntry.set = oldEntry.set;
+                (entry) -> {
+                        return new NetworkStats.Entry(null /* IFACE_ALL */, entry.getUid(),
+                                entry.getSet(), NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                                NetworkStats.METERED_ALL, NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL,
+                                NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                                entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(),
+                                entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets(), 0);
                 });
     }
 
     @NonNull private NetworkStats sliceNetworkStatsByUidTagAndMetered(@NonNull NetworkStats stats) {
         return sliceNetworkStats(stats,
-                (newEntry, oldEntry) -> {
-                    newEntry.uid = oldEntry.uid;
-                    newEntry.tag = oldEntry.tag;
-                    newEntry.metered = oldEntry.metered;
+                (entry) -> {
+                        return new NetworkStats.Entry(null /* IFACE_ALL */, entry.getUid(),
+                                NetworkStats.SET_ALL, entry.getTag(),
+                                entry.getMetered(), NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL,
+                                NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                                entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(),
+                                entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets(), 0);
                 });
     }
 
@@ -1426,46 +1424,31 @@
      *
      * This function iterates through each NetworkStats.Entry, sets its dimensions equal to the
      * default state (with the presumption that we don't want to slice on anything), and then
-     * applies the slicer lambda to allow users to control which dimensions to slice on. This is
-     * adapted from groupedByUid within NetworkStats.java
+     * applies the slicer lambda to allow users to control which dimensions to slice on.
      *
-     * @param slicer An operation taking into two parameters, new NetworkStats.Entry and old
-     *               NetworkStats.Entry, that should be used to copy state from the old to the new.
+     * @param slicer An operation taking one parameter, NetworkStats.Entry, that should be used to
+     *               get the state from entry to replace the default value.
      *               This is useful for slicing by particular dimensions. For example, if we wished
      *               to slice by uid and tag, we could write the following lambda:
-     *                  (new, old) -> {
-     *                          new.uid = old.uid;
-     *                          new.tag = old.tag;
+     *                  (entry) -> {
+     *                   return new NetworkStats.Entry(null, entry.getUid(),
+     *                           NetworkStats.SET_ALL, entry.getTag(),
+     *                           NetworkStats.METERED_ALL, NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL,
+     *                           NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+     *                           entry.getRxBytes(), entry.getRxPackets(),
+     *                           entry.getTxBytes(), entry.getTxPackets(), 0);
      *                  }
-     *               If no slicer is provided, the data is not sliced by any dimensions.
      * @return new NeworkStats object appropriately sliced
      */
     @NonNull private NetworkStats sliceNetworkStats(@NonNull NetworkStats stats,
-            @Nullable BiConsumer<NetworkStats.Entry, NetworkStats.Entry> slicer) {
-        final NetworkStats ret = new NetworkStats(stats.getElapsedRealtime(), 1);
-
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
-        entry.uid = NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
-        entry.iface = NetworkStats.IFACE_ALL;
-        entry.set = NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
-        entry.tag = NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
-        entry.metered = NetworkStats.METERED_ALL;
-        entry.roaming = NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL;
-        entry.defaultNetwork = NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
-
-        final NetworkStats.Entry recycle = new NetworkStats.Entry(); // used for retrieving values
-        for (int i = 0; i < stats.size(); i++) {
-            stats.getValues(i, recycle);
+            @NonNull Function<NetworkStats.Entry, NetworkStats.Entry> slicer) {
+        NetworkStats ret = new NetworkStats(stats.getElapsedRealtime(), 1);
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+        for (NetworkStats.Entry e : stats) {
             if (slicer != null) {
-                slicer.accept(entry, recycle);
+                entry = slicer.apply(e);
             }
-
-            entry.rxBytes = recycle.rxBytes;
-            entry.rxPackets = recycle.rxPackets;
-            entry.txBytes = recycle.txBytes;
-            entry.txPackets = recycle.txPackets;
-            // Operations purposefully omitted since we don't use them for statsd.
-            ret.combineValues(entry);
+            ret = ret.addEntry(entry);
         }
         return ret;
     }
diff --git a/services/devicepolicy/java/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerService.java b/services/devicepolicy/java/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerService.java
index df98390..a4162ba 100644
--- a/services/devicepolicy/java/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerService.java
+++ b/services/devicepolicy/java/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerService.java
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
 import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Secure.USER_SETUP_COMPLETE;
@@ -17541,7 +17542,12 @@
                 ? PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE : PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
         ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder preferenceBuilder =
                 new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
-        preferenceBuilder.setPreference(networkPreference);
+        if (preferentialNetworkServiceEnabled) {
+            preferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+            preferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        } else {
+            preferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT);
+        }
         List<ProfileNetworkPreference> preferences = new ArrayList<>();
         preferences.add(preferenceBuilder.build());
         mInjector.binderWithCleanCallingIdentity(() ->
diff --git a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerTest.java b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerTest.java
index a63aa6a..6c1d164 100644
--- a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerTest.java
+++ b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/devicepolicy/DevicePolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE;
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
 
 import static com.android.internal.widget.LockPatternUtils.CREDENTIAL_TYPE_NONE;
 import static com.android.internal.widget.LockPatternUtils.EscrowTokenStateChangeCallback;
@@ -4109,6 +4110,7 @@
         ProfileNetworkPreference preferenceDetails2 =
                 new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder()
                         .setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE)
+                        .setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
                         .build();
         List<ProfileNetworkPreference> preferences2 = new ArrayList<>();
         preferences2.add(preferenceDetails);
diff --git a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java
index 81c9871..e80721a 100644
--- a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java
+++ b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateCarrierMetered;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
@@ -71,7 +72,6 @@
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService.TYPE_RAPID;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService.TYPE_WARNING;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService.UidBlockedState.getEffectiveBlockedReasons;
-import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
@@ -495,8 +496,14 @@
         verify(mNetworkManager).registerObserver(networkObserver.capture());
         mNetworkObserver = networkObserver.getValue();
 
-        // Simulate NetworkStatsService broadcast stats updated to signal its readiness.
-        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED));
+        // Catch UsageCallback during systemReady(). Simulate NetworkStatsService triggered
+        // stats updated callback to signal its readiness.
+        final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback> usageObserver =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback.class);
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(2))
+                .registerUsageCallback(any(), anyLong(), any(), usageObserver.capture());
+        usageObserver.getValue().onThresholdReached(
+                new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE).build());
 
         NetworkPolicy defaultPolicy = mService.buildDefaultCarrierPolicy(0, "");
         mDefaultWarningBytes = defaultPolicy.warningBytes;