Merge "Implement device awareness in camera service" into main
diff --git a/camera/Camera.cpp b/camera/Camera.cpp
index 6b040ab..5d32871 100644
--- a/camera/Camera.cpp
+++ b/camera/Camera.cpp
@@ -71,10 +71,11 @@
 
 sp<Camera> Camera::connect(int cameraId, const std::string& clientPackageName,
         int clientUid, int clientPid, int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait,
-        bool forceSlowJpegMode)
+        bool forceSlowJpegMode, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy)
 {
     return CameraBaseT::connect(cameraId, clientPackageName, clientUid,
-            clientPid, targetSdkVersion, overrideToPortrait, forceSlowJpegMode);
+            clientPid, targetSdkVersion, overrideToPortrait, forceSlowJpegMode, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy);
 }
 
 status_t Camera::reconnect()
diff --git a/camera/CameraBase.cpp b/camera/CameraBase.cpp
index 6759f3b..b2f7cc7 100644
--- a/camera/CameraBase.cpp
+++ b/camera/CameraBase.cpp
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@
     if (res != OK) return res;
 
     res = parcel->writeString16(toString16(clientPackage));
+    if (res != OK) return res;
+
+    res = parcel->writeInt32(deviceId);
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -97,6 +100,7 @@
     if (res != OK) return res;
     clientPackage = toStdString(tempClientPackage);
 
+    res = parcel->readInt32(&deviceId);
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +127,7 @@
     };
 
     sp<DeathNotifier>         gDeathNotifier;
-}; // namespace anonymous
+} // namespace anonymous
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // CameraBase definition
@@ -159,7 +163,8 @@
 sp<TCam> CameraBase<TCam, TCamTraits>::connect(int cameraId,
                                                const std::string& clientPackageName,
                                                int clientUid, int clientPid, int targetSdkVersion,
-                                               bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode)
+                                               bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode,
+                                               int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy)
 {
     ALOGV("%s: connect", __FUNCTION__);
     sp<TCam> c = new TCam(cameraId);
@@ -172,8 +177,8 @@
         ALOGI("Connect camera (legacy API) - overrideToPortrait %d, forceSlowJpegMode %d",
                 overrideToPortrait, forceSlowJpegMode);
         ret = (cs.get()->*fnConnectService)(cl, cameraId, clientPackageName, clientUid,
-                clientPid, targetSdkVersion, overrideToPortrait, forceSlowJpegMode,
-                 /*out*/ &c->mCamera);
+                clientPid, targetSdkVersion, overrideToPortrait, forceSlowJpegMode, deviceId,
+                devicePolicy, /*out*/ &c->mCamera);
     }
     if (ret.isOk() && c->mCamera != nullptr) {
         IInterface::asBinder(c->mCamera)->linkToDeath(c);
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename TCam, typename TCamTraits>
-int CameraBase<TCam, TCamTraits>::getNumberOfCameras() {
+int CameraBase<TCam, TCamTraits>::getNumberOfCameras(int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy) {
     const sp<::android::hardware::ICameraService> cs = getCameraService();
 
     if (!cs.get()) {
@@ -261,8 +266,8 @@
     }
     int32_t count;
     binder::Status res = cs->getNumberOfCameras(
-            ::android::hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE,
-            &count);
+            ::android::hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, &count);
     if (!res.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("Error reading number of cameras: %s",
                 res.toString8().c_str());
@@ -274,11 +279,12 @@
 // this can be in BaseCamera but it should be an instance method
 template <typename TCam, typename TCamTraits>
 status_t CameraBase<TCam, TCamTraits>::getCameraInfo(int cameraId,
-        bool overrideToPortrait,
+        bool overrideToPortrait, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
         struct hardware::CameraInfo* cameraInfo) {
     const sp<::android::hardware::ICameraService> cs = getCameraService();
     if (cs == 0) return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-    binder::Status res = cs->getCameraInfo(cameraId, overrideToPortrait, cameraInfo);
+    binder::Status res = cs->getCameraInfo(cameraId, overrideToPortrait, deviceId, devicePolicy,
+            cameraInfo);
     return res.isOk() ? OK : res.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
 }
 
diff --git a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl
index 4bea896..81af7ee 100644
--- a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl
+++ b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl
@@ -63,14 +63,33 @@
     const int CAMERA_TYPE_ALL = 1;
 
     /**
-     * Return the number of camera devices available in the system
+     * Return the number of camera devices available in the system.
+     *
+     * @param type The type of the camera, can be either CAMERA_TYPE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE
+     *        or CAMERA_TYPE_ALL.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
      */
-    int getNumberOfCameras(int type);
+    int getNumberOfCameras(int type, int deviceId, int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
-     * Fetch basic camera information for a camera device
+     * Fetch basic camera information for a camera.
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The ID of the camera to fetch information for.
+     * @param overrideToPortrait Whether to override the sensor orientation information to
+     *        correspond to portrait.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
+     * @return CameraInfo for the camera.
      */
-    CameraInfo getCameraInfo(int cameraId, boolean overrideToPortrait);
+    CameraInfo getCameraInfo(int cameraId, boolean overrideToPortrait, int deviceId,
+            int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Default UID/PID values for non-privileged callers of
@@ -80,7 +99,20 @@
     const int USE_CALLING_PID = -1;
 
     /**
-     * Open a camera device through the old camera API
+     * Open a camera device through the old camera API.
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The ID of the camera to open.
+     * @param opPackageName The package name to report for the app-ops.
+     * @param clientUid UID for the calling client.
+     * @param clientPid PID for the calling client.
+     * @param overrideToPortrait Whether to override the sensor orientation information to
+     *        correspond to portrait.
+     * @param forceSlowJpegMode Whether to force slow jpeg mode.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
      */
     ICamera connect(ICameraClient client,
             int cameraId,
@@ -88,11 +120,24 @@
             int clientUid, int clientPid,
             int targetSdkVersion,
             boolean overrideToPortrait,
-            boolean forceSlowJpegMode);
+            boolean forceSlowJpegMode,
+            int deviceId,
+            int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
-     * Open a camera device through the new camera API
-     * Only supported for device HAL versions >= 3.2
+     * Open a camera device through the new camera API.
+     * Only supported for device HAL versions >= 3.2.
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The ID of the camera to open.
+     * @param opPackageName The package name to report for the app-ops.
+     * @param clientUid UID for the calling client.
+     * @param overrideToPortrait Whether to override the sensor orientation information to
+     *        correspond to portrait.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
      */
     ICameraDeviceUser connectDevice(ICameraDeviceCallbacks callbacks,
             @utf8InCpp String cameraId,
@@ -100,7 +145,9 @@
             @nullable @utf8InCpp String featureId,
             int clientUid, int oomScoreOffset,
             int targetSdkVersion,
-            boolean overrideToPortrait);
+            boolean overrideToPortrait,
+            int deviceId,
+            int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Add listener for changes to camera device and flashlight state.
@@ -168,9 +215,19 @@
     /**
      * Read the static camera metadata for a camera device.
      * Only supported for device HAL versions >= 3.2
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The ID of the camera to fetch metadata for.
+     * @param overrideToPortrait Whether to override the sensor orientation information to
+     *        correspond to portrait.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
+     * @return Characteristics for the given camera.
      */
     CameraMetadataNative getCameraCharacteristics(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int targetSdkVersion,
-            boolean overrideToPortrait);
+            boolean overrideToPortrait, int deviceId, int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Read in the vendor tag descriptors from the camera module HAL.
@@ -206,14 +263,46 @@
     ICameraInjectionSession injectCamera(@utf8InCpp String packageName, @utf8InCpp String internalCamId,
             @utf8InCpp String externalCamId, in ICameraInjectionCallback CameraInjectionCallback);
 
-    void setTorchMode(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, boolean enabled, IBinder clientBinder);
+    /**
+     * Set the torch mode for a camera device.
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The ID of the camera to set torch mode for.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
+     */
+    void setTorchMode(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, boolean enabled, IBinder clientBinder,
+            int deviceId, int devicePolicy);
 
-    // Change the brightness level of the flash unit associated with cameraId to strengthLevel.
-    // If the torch is in OFF state and strengthLevel > 0 then the torch will also be turned ON.
-    void turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int strengthLevel, IBinder clientBinder);
+    /**
+     * Change the brightness level of the flash unit associated with cameraId to strengthLevel.
+     * If the torch is in OFF state and strengthLevel > 0 then the torch will also be turned ON.
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The ID of the camera.
+     * @param strengthLevel The torch strength level to set for the camera.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
+     */
+    void turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int strengthLevel,
+            IBinder clientBinder, int deviceId, int devicePolicy);
 
-    // Get the brightness level of the flash unit associated with cameraId.
-    int getTorchStrengthLevel(@utf8InCpp String cameraId);
+    /**
+     * Get the brightness level of the flash unit associated with cameraId.
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The ID of the camera.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
+     * @return Torch strength level for the camera.
+     */
+    int getTorchStrengthLevel(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int deviceId, int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Notify the camera service of a system event.  Should only be called from system_server.
@@ -274,8 +363,20 @@
     const int DEVICE_STATE_FOLDED = 4;
     const int DEVICE_STATE_LAST_FRAMEWORK_BIT = 0x80000000; // 1 << 31;
 
-    // Create a CaptureRequest metadata based on template id
-    CameraMetadataNative createDefaultRequest(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int templateId);
+    /**
+     * Create a CaptureRequest metadata based on template id
+     *
+     * @param cameraId The camera id to create the CaptureRequest for.
+     * @param templateId The template id create the CaptureRequest for.
+     * @param deviceId the device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
+     * @return Metadata representing the CaptureRequest.
+     */
+    CameraMetadataNative createDefaultRequest(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int templateId,
+            int deviceId, int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Check whether a particular session configuration with optional session parameters
@@ -283,23 +384,35 @@
      *
      * @param cameraId The camera id to query session configuration for
      * @param sessionConfiguration Specific session configuration to be verified.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
      * @return true  - in case the stream combination is supported.
      *         false - in case there is no device support.
      */
     boolean isSessionConfigurationWithParametersSupported(@utf8InCpp String cameraId,
-            in SessionConfiguration sessionConfiguration);
+            in SessionConfiguration sessionConfiguration, int deviceId, int devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Get the camera characteristics for a particular session configuration for
      * the given camera device.
      *
      * @param cameraId ID of the device for which the session characteristics must be fetched.
-     * @param sessionConfiguration session configuration for which the characteristics
+     * @param sessionConfiguration Session configuration for which the characteristics
      * must be fetched.
-     * @return - characteristics associated with the given session.
+     * @param deviceId The device id of the context associated with the caller.
+     * @param devicePolicy The camera policy of the device of the associated context (default
+     *                     policy for default device context). Only virtual cameras would be exposed
+     *                     only for custom policy and only real cameras would be exposed for default
+     *                     policy.
+     * @return Characteristics associated with the given session.
      */
     CameraMetadataNative getSessionCharacteristics(@utf8InCpp String cameraId,
-                int targetSdkVersion,
-                boolean overrideToPortrait,
-                in SessionConfiguration sessionConfiguration);
+            int targetSdkVersion,
+            boolean overrideToPortrait,
+            in SessionConfiguration sessionConfiguration,
+            int deviceId,
+            int devicePolicy);
 }
diff --git a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraServiceListener.aidl b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraServiceListener.aidl
index 23a87d3..9c8c88a 100644
--- a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraServiceListener.aidl
+++ b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraServiceListener.aidl
@@ -51,14 +51,20 @@
     // Use to initialize variables only
     const int STATUS_UNKNOWN          = -1;
 
-    oneway void onStatusChanged(int status, @utf8InCpp String cameraId);
+    // We pass deviceId associated with a camera in the callbacks, which is the id of the virtual
+    // device owning the camera (for virtual cameras), or kDefaultDeviceId (for real
+    // cameras). The deviceId is being passed so that the API layer (CameraManagerGlobal) can filter
+    // out the cameras that don't correspond to the context associated with the caller who
+    // registers a callback.
+
+    oneway void onStatusChanged(int status, @utf8InCpp String cameraId, int deviceId);
 
     /**
      * Notify registered client about status changes for a physical camera backing
      * a logical camera.
      */
     oneway void onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int status, @utf8InCpp String cameraId,
-            @utf8InCpp String physicalCameraId);
+            @utf8InCpp String physicalCameraId, int deviceId);
 
     /**
      * The torch mode status of a camera.
@@ -82,9 +88,9 @@
     // Use to initialize variables only
     const int TORCH_STATUS_UNKNOWN = -1;
 
-    oneway void onTorchStatusChanged(int status, @utf8InCpp String cameraId);
+    oneway void onTorchStatusChanged(int status, @utf8InCpp String cameraId, int deviceId);
 
-    oneway void onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int newTorchStrength);
+    oneway void onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int newTorchStrength, int deviceId);
 
     /**
      * Notify registered clients about camera access priority changes.
@@ -98,6 +104,6 @@
      * Only clients with android.permission.CAMERA_OPEN_CLOSE_LISTENER permission
      * will receive such callbacks.
      */
-    oneway void onCameraOpened(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, @utf8InCpp String clientPackageId);
-    oneway void onCameraClosed(@utf8InCpp String cameraId);
+    oneway void onCameraOpened(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, @utf8InCpp String clientPackageId, int deviceId);
+    oneway void onCameraClosed(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int deviceId);
 }
diff --git a/camera/include/camera/Camera.h b/camera/include/camera/Camera.h
index 6655f82..dfa53d2 100644
--- a/camera/include/camera/Camera.h
+++ b/camera/include/camera/Camera.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <camera/android/hardware/ICamera.h>
 #include <camera/android/hardware/ICameraClient.h>
 #include <camera/CameraBase.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@
     typedef ::android::hardware::ICameraClient TCamCallbacks;
     typedef ::android::binder::Status (::android::hardware::ICameraService::*TCamConnectService)
         (const sp<::android::hardware::ICameraClient>&,
-        int, const std::string&, int, int, int, bool, bool,
+        int, const std::string&, int, int, int, bool, bool, int32_t, int32_t,
         /*out*/
         sp<::android::hardware::ICamera>*);
     static TCamConnectService     fnConnectService;
@@ -82,7 +83,8 @@
     static  sp<Camera>  connect(int cameraId,
                                 const std::string& clientPackageName,
                                 int clientUid, int clientPid, int targetSdkVersion,
-                                bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode);
+                                bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode,
+                                int32_t deviceId = kDefaultDeviceId, int32_t devicePolicy = 0);
 
             virtual     ~Camera();
 
@@ -197,6 +199,6 @@
     friend class        CameraBase;
 };
 
-}; // namespace android
+} // namespace android
 
 #endif
diff --git a/camera/include/camera/CameraBase.h b/camera/include/camera/CameraBase.h
index 6af7f2a..85ddbd6 100644
--- a/camera/include/camera/CameraBase.h
+++ b/camera/include/camera/CameraBase.h
@@ -62,16 +62,15 @@
 
     virtual status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const;
     virtual status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel);
-
 };
 
 /**
- * Basic status information about a camera device - its name and its current
+ * Basic status information about a camera device - its id and its current
  * state.
  */
 struct CameraStatus : public android::Parcelable {
     /**
-     * The name of the camera device
+     * The app-visible id of the camera device
      */
     std::string cameraId;
 
@@ -90,12 +89,19 @@
      */
     std::string clientPackage;
 
+    /**
+     * The id of the device owning the camera. For virtual cameras, this is the id of the virtual
+     * device owning the camera. For real cameras, this is the default device id, i.e.,
+     * kDefaultDeviceId.
+     */
+    int32_t deviceId;
+
     virtual status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const;
     virtual status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel);
 
     CameraStatus(std::string id, int32_t s, const std::vector<std::string>& unavailSubIds,
-            const std::string& clientPkg) : cameraId(id), status(s),
-            unavailablePhysicalIds(unavailSubIds), clientPackage(clientPkg) {}
+            const std::string& clientPkg, int32_t devId) : cameraId(id), status(s),
+            unavailablePhysicalIds(unavailSubIds), clientPackage(clientPkg), deviceId(devId) {}
     CameraStatus() : status(ICameraServiceListener::STATUS_PRESENT) {}
 };
 
@@ -103,7 +109,6 @@
 
 using hardware::CameraInfo;
 
-
 template <typename TCam>
 struct CameraTraits {
 };
@@ -120,15 +125,18 @@
     static sp<TCam>      connect(int cameraId,
                                  const std::string& clientPackageName,
                                  int clientUid, int clientPid, int targetSdkVersion,
-                                 bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode);
+                                 bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode,
+                                 int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy);
     virtual void         disconnect();
 
     void                 setListener(const sp<TCamListener>& listener);
 
-    static int           getNumberOfCameras();
+    static int           getNumberOfCameras(int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy);
 
     static status_t      getCameraInfo(int cameraId,
                                        bool overrideToPortrait,
+                                       int32_t deviceId,
+                                       int32_t devicePolicy,
                                        /*out*/
                                        struct hardware::CameraInfo* cameraInfo);
 
@@ -167,6 +175,6 @@
     typedef CameraBase<TCam>         CameraBaseT;
 };
 
-}; // namespace android
+} // namespace android
 
 #endif
diff --git a/camera/include/camera/CameraUtils.h b/camera/include/camera/CameraUtils.h
index 31d25e7..d358407 100644
--- a/camera/include/camera/CameraUtils.h
+++ b/camera/include/camera/CameraUtils.h
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+// Device id of a context associated with the default device.
+constexpr int32_t kDefaultDeviceId = 0;
+
 /**
  * CameraUtils contains utility methods that are shared between the native
  * camera client, and the camera service.
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp
index 8c3424f..0744992 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
 
 namespace android {
 namespace acam {
+
+// TODO(b/291736219): Add device-awareness to ACameraManager.
+
 // Static member definitions
 const char* CameraManagerGlobal::kCameraIdKey   = "CameraId";
 const char* CameraManagerGlobal::kPhysicalCameraIdKey   = "PhysicalCameraId";
@@ -125,6 +128,12 @@
         std::vector<hardware::CameraStatus> cameraStatuses{};
         mCameraService->addListener(mCameraServiceListener, &cameraStatuses);
         for (auto& c : cameraStatuses) {
+            // Skip callback for cameras not belonging to the default device, as NDK doesn't support
+            // device awareness yet.
+            if (c.deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             onStatusChangedLocked(c.status, c.cameraId);
 
             for (auto& unavailablePhysicalId : c.unavailablePhysicalIds) {
@@ -461,7 +470,13 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status CameraManagerGlobal::CameraServiceListener::onStatusChanged(
-        int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId) {
+        int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId, int deviceId) {
+    // Skip callback for cameras not belonging to the default device, as NDK doesn't support
+    // device awareness yet.
+    if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
     sp<CameraManagerGlobal> cm = mCameraManager.promote();
     if (cm != nullptr) {
         cm->onStatusChanged(status, cameraId);
@@ -472,7 +487,14 @@
 }
 
 binder::Status CameraManagerGlobal::CameraServiceListener::onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(
-        int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& physicalCameraId) {
+        int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& physicalCameraId,
+        int deviceId) {
+    // Skip callback for cameras not belonging to the default device, as NDK doesn't support
+    // device awareness yet.
+    if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
     sp<CameraManagerGlobal> cm = mCameraManager.promote();
     if (cm != nullptr) {
         cm->onStatusChanged(status, cameraId, physicalCameraId);
@@ -697,7 +719,8 @@
     CameraMetadata rawMetadata;
     int targetSdkVersion = android_get_application_target_sdk_version();
     binder::Status serviceRet = cs->getCameraCharacteristics(cameraIdStr,
-            targetSdkVersion, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &rawMetadata);
+            targetSdkVersion, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0,
+            &rawMetadata);
     if (!serviceRet.isOk()) {
         switch(serviceRet.serviceSpecificErrorCode()) {
             case hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_DISCONNECTED:
@@ -749,7 +772,8 @@
     binder::Status serviceRet = cs->connectDevice(
             callbacks, cameraId, "", {},
             hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, /*oomScoreOffset*/0,
-            targetSdkVersion, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, /*out*/&deviceRemote);
+            targetSdkVersion, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0,
+            /*out*/&deviceRemote);
 
     if (!serviceRet.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("%s: connect camera device failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, serviceRet.toString8().c_str());
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.h b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.h
index c135d0f..c6e2bf9 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.h
@@ -87,23 +87,24 @@
     class CameraServiceListener final : public hardware::BnCameraServiceListener {
       public:
         explicit CameraServiceListener(CameraManagerGlobal* cm) : mCameraManager(cm) {}
-        virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId);
+        virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId,
+                int32_t deviceId);
         virtual binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int32_t status,
-                const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& physicalCameraId);
+                const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& physicalCameraId, int32_t deviceId);
 
         // Torch API not implemented yet
-        virtual binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(int32_t, const std::string&) {
+        virtual binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(int32_t, const std::string&, int32_t) {
             return binder::Status::ok();
         }
-        virtual binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(const std::string&, int32_t) {
+        virtual binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(const std::string&, int32_t, int32_t) {
             return binder::Status::ok();
         }
 
         virtual binder::Status onCameraAccessPrioritiesChanged();
-        virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened(const std::string&, const std::string&) {
+        virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened(const std::string&, const std::string&, int32_t) {
             return binder::Status::ok();
         }
-        virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string&) {
+        virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string&, int32_t) {
             return binder::Status::ok();
         }
 
diff --git a/camera/tests/CameraBinderTests.cpp b/camera/tests/CameraBinderTests.cpp
index bb963ab..e5f99be 100644
--- a/camera/tests/CameraBinderTests.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/CameraBinderTests.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <camera/camera2/OutputConfiguration.h>
 #include <camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.h>
 #include <camera/camera2/SubmitInfo.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 
 #include <gui/BufferItemConsumer.h>
@@ -77,29 +78,34 @@
 public:
     virtual ~TestCameraServiceListener() {};
 
-    virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId) override {
+    virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
         Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
         mCameraStatuses[cameraId] = status;
         mCondition.broadcast();
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
-    virtual binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/,
-            const std::string& /*cameraId*/, const std::string& /*physicalCameraId*/) override {
+    virtual binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged([[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*status*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*physicalCameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
     virtual binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(int32_t status,
-            const std::string& cameraId) override {
+            const std::string& cameraId, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
         Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
         mCameraTorchStatuses[cameraId] = status;
         mTorchCondition.broadcast();
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
-    virtual binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            int32_t /*torchStrength*/) override {
+    virtual binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(
+            [[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*torchStrength*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
@@ -109,13 +115,15 @@
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            const std::string& /*clientPackageName*/) {
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*clientPackageName*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string& /*cameraId*/) override {
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
@@ -133,7 +141,7 @@
             }
         }
         return true;
-    };
+    }
 
     bool waitForTorchState(int32_t status, int32_t cameraId) const {
         Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
@@ -153,7 +161,7 @@
             foundStatus = (iter != mCameraTorchStatuses.end() && iter->second == status);
         }
         return true;
-    };
+    }
 
     int32_t getTorchStatus(int32_t cameraId) const {
         Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
@@ -162,7 +170,7 @@
             return hardware::ICameraServiceListener::TORCH_STATUS_UNKNOWN;
         }
         return iter->second;
-    };
+    }
 
     int32_t getStatus(const std::string& cameraId) const {
         Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
@@ -171,7 +179,7 @@
             return hardware::ICameraServiceListener::STATUS_UNKNOWN;
         }
         return iter->second;
-    };
+    }
 };
 
 // Callback implementation
@@ -230,7 +238,6 @@
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
-
     virtual binder::Status onResultReceived(const CameraMetadata& metadata,
             const CaptureResultExtras& resultExtras,
             const std::vector<PhysicalCaptureResultInfo>& physicalResultInfos) {
@@ -296,7 +303,6 @@
         mStatusesHit.clear();
 
         return true;
-
     }
 
     void clearStatus() const {
@@ -307,7 +313,6 @@
     bool waitForIdle() const {
         return waitForStatus(IDLE);
     }
-
 };
 
 namespace {
@@ -324,7 +329,7 @@
         }
     };
     sp<DeathNotifier>         gDeathNotifier;
-}; // anonymous namespace
+} // anonymous namespace
 
 // Exercise basic binder calls for the camera service
 TEST(CameraServiceBinderTest, CheckBinderCameraService) {
@@ -342,7 +347,8 @@
     binder::Status res;
 
     int32_t numCameras = 0;
-    res = service->getNumberOfCameras(hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_ALL, &numCameras);
+    res = service->getNumberOfCameras(hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_ALL, kDefaultDeviceId,
+            /*devicePolicy*/0, &numCameras);
     EXPECT_TRUE(res.isOk()) << res;
     EXPECT_LE(0, numCameras);
 
@@ -354,7 +360,7 @@
 
     EXPECT_EQ(numCameras, static_cast<const int>(statuses.size()));
     for (const auto &it : statuses) {
-        listener->onStatusChanged(it.status, it.cameraId);
+        listener->onStatusChanged(it.status, it.cameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
     }
 
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < numCameras; i++) {
@@ -372,7 +378,8 @@
         // Check metadata binder call
         CameraMetadata metadata;
         res = service->getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &metadata);
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &metadata);
         EXPECT_TRUE(res.isOk()) << res;
         EXPECT_FALSE(metadata.isEmpty());
 
@@ -389,7 +396,7 @@
         res = service->connectDevice(callbacks, cameraId, "meeeeeeeee!",
                 {}, hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, /*oomScoreOffset*/ 0,
                 /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
-                /*overrideToPortrait*/false, /*out*/&device);
+                /*overrideToPortrait*/false, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, /*out*/&device);
         EXPECT_TRUE(res.isOk()) << res;
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, device.get());
         device->disconnect();
@@ -399,12 +406,12 @@
         if (torchStatus == hardware::ICameraServiceListener::TORCH_STATUS_AVAILABLE_OFF) {
             // Check torch calls
             res = service->setTorchMode(cameraId,
-                    /*enabled*/true, callbacks);
+                    /*enabled*/true, callbacks, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0);
             EXPECT_TRUE(res.isOk()) << res;
             EXPECT_TRUE(listener->waitForTorchState(
                     hardware::ICameraServiceListener::TORCH_STATUS_AVAILABLE_ON, i));
             res = service->setTorchMode(cameraId,
-                    /*enabled*/false, callbacks);
+                    /*enabled*/false, callbacks, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0);
             EXPECT_TRUE(res.isOk()) << res;
             EXPECT_TRUE(listener->waitForTorchState(
                     hardware::ICameraServiceListener::TORCH_STATUS_AVAILABLE_OFF, i));
@@ -433,7 +440,8 @@
             binder::Status res = service->connectDevice(callbacks, deviceId, "meeeeeeeee!",
                     {}, hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, /*oomScoreOffset*/ 0,
                     /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
-                    /*overrideToPortrait*/false, /*out*/&device);
+                    /*overrideToPortrait*/false, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0,
+                    /*out*/&device);
             EXPECT_TRUE(res.isOk()) << res;
         }
         auto p = std::make_pair(callbacks, device);
@@ -466,10 +474,10 @@
         std::vector<hardware::CameraStatus> statuses;
         service->addListener(serviceListener, &statuses);
         for (const auto &it : statuses) {
-            serviceListener->onStatusChanged(it.status, it.cameraId);
+            serviceListener->onStatusChanged(it.status, it.cameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
         }
         service->getNumberOfCameras(hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE,
-                &numCameras);
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &numCameras);
     }
 
     virtual void TearDown() {
@@ -479,7 +487,6 @@
             closeDevice(p);
         }
     }
-
 };
 
 TEST_F(CameraClientBinderTest, CheckBinderCameraDeviceUser) {
@@ -647,8 +654,7 @@
 
         closeDevice(p);
     }
-
-};
+}
 
 TEST_F(CameraClientBinderTest, CheckBinderCaptureRequest) {
     sp<CaptureRequest> requestOriginal, requestParceled;
@@ -707,4 +713,4 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(it->settings.exists(ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT));
     entry = it->settings.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT);
     EXPECT_EQ(entry.data.u8[0], intent2);
-};
+}
diff --git a/camera/tests/CameraCharacteristicsPermission.cpp b/camera/tests/CameraCharacteristicsPermission.cpp
index 1de7cb4..10f7f22 100644
--- a/camera/tests/CameraCharacteristicsPermission.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/CameraCharacteristicsPermission.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <camera/CameraMetadata.h>
 #include <camera/Camera.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <android/hardware/ICameraService.h>
 
 using namespace android;
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@
 
 class CameraCharacteristicsPermission : public ::testing::Test {
 protected:
-
     CameraCharacteristicsPermission() : numCameras(0){}
     //Gtest interface
     void SetUp() override;
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@
     sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("media.camera"));
     mCameraService = interface_cast<ICameraService>(binder);
     rc = mCameraService->getNumberOfCameras(
-            hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_ALL, &numCameras);
+            hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_ALL, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0,
+            &numCameras);
     EXPECT_TRUE(rc.isOk());
 }
 
@@ -61,7 +62,6 @@
 // a camera permission.
 TEST_F(CameraCharacteristicsPermission, TestCameraPermission) {
     for (int32_t cameraId = 0; cameraId < numCameras; cameraId++) {
-
         std::string cameraIdStr = std::to_string(cameraId);
         bool isSupported = false;
         auto rc = mCameraService->supportsCameraApi(cameraIdStr,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
         std::vector<int32_t> tagsNeedingPermission;
         rc = mCameraService->getCameraCharacteristics(cameraIdStr,
                 /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
-                /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &metadata);
+                /*overrideToPortrait*/false, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &metadata);
         ASSERT_TRUE(rc.isOk());
         EXPECT_FALSE(metadata.isEmpty());
         EXPECT_EQ(metadata.removePermissionEntries(CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID,
diff --git a/camera/tests/CameraZSLTests.cpp b/camera/tests/CameraZSLTests.cpp
index 3ae7659..56fcfa4 100644
--- a/camera/tests/CameraZSLTests.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/CameraZSLTests.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <camera/CameraParameters.h>
 #include <camera/CameraMetadata.h>
 #include <camera/Camera.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 #include <android/hardware/ICameraService.h>
 
@@ -84,7 +85,8 @@
     sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("media.camera"));
     mCameraService = interface_cast<ICameraService>(binder);
     rc = mCameraService->getNumberOfCameras(
-            hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_ALL, &numCameras);
+            hardware::ICameraService::CAMERA_TYPE_ALL, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0,
+            &numCameras);
     EXPECT_TRUE(rc.isOk());
 
     mComposerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
@@ -109,7 +111,6 @@
 
 void CameraZSLTests::dataCallback(int32_t msgType, const sp<IMemory>& /*data*/,
         camera_frame_metadata_t *) {
-
     switch (msgType) {
     case CAMERA_MSG_PREVIEW_FRAME: {
         Mutex::Autolock l(mPreviewLock);
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
     default:
         ALOGV("%s: msgType: %d", __FUNCTION__, msgType);
     }
-};
+}
 
 status_t CameraZSLTests::waitForPreviewStart() {
     status_t rc = NO_ERROR;
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@
         CameraMetadata metadata;
         rc = mCameraService->getCameraCharacteristics(cameraIdStr,
                 /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
-                &metadata);
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &metadata);
         if (!rc.isOk()) {
             // The test is relevant only for cameras with Hal 3.x
             // support.
@@ -212,7 +213,8 @@
                 "ZSLTest", hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_UID,
                 hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_PID,
                 /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
-                /*overrideToPortrait*/false, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false, &cameraDevice);
+                /*overrideToPortrait*/false, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false, kDefaultDeviceId,
+                /*devicePolicy*/0, &cameraDevice);
         EXPECT_TRUE(rc.isOk());
 
         CameraParameters params(cameraDevice->getParameters());
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp
index c2a7549..0812096 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <Camera.h>
 #include <CameraParameters.h>
+#include <CameraUtils.h>
 #include <binder/MemoryDealer.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@
                                hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_PID,
                                /*targetSdkVersion*/ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
                                /*overrideToPortrait*/ false, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/ false,
-                               &cameraDevice);
+                               kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &cameraDevice);
     } else {
         cameraService->connect(this, mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* cameraId */,
                                mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str(),
@@ -123,7 +124,8 @@
                                mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int8_t>() /* clientPid */,
                                /*targetSdkVersion*/ mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
                                /*overrideToPortrait*/ mFDP->ConsumeBool(),
-                               /*forceSlowJpegMode*/ mFDP->ConsumeBool(), &cameraDevice);
+                               /*forceSlowJpegMode*/ mFDP->ConsumeBool(), kDefaultDeviceId,
+                               /*devicePolicy*/0, &cameraDevice);
     }
 
     mCamera = Camera::create(cameraDevice);
@@ -150,13 +152,14 @@
     }
 
     int32_t cameraId = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    Camera::getNumberOfCameras();
+    Camera::getNumberOfCameras(kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0);
     CameraInfo cameraInfo;
     cameraInfo.facing = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFacing)
                                             : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
     cameraInfo.orientation = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidOrientation)
                                                  : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    Camera::getCameraInfo(cameraId, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &cameraInfo);
+    Camera::getCameraInfo(cameraId, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, kDefaultDeviceId,
+                          /*devicePolicy*/0, &cameraInfo);
     mCamera->reconnect();
 
     sp<SurfaceComposerClient> composerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp
index 365305e..c816f82 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@
             }
             string clientPackage = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
 
-            cameraStatus = new CameraStatus(id, status, unavailSubIds, clientPackage);
+            cameraStatus = new CameraStatus(id, status, unavailSubIds, clientPackage,
+                                            kDefaultDeviceId);
         }
 
         if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
index b9b30f6..ee30e46 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
         "libstagefright_foundation",
         "libxml2",
         "libyuv",
+        "android.companion.virtual.virtualdevice_aidl-cpp",
         "android.companion.virtualdevice.flags-aconfig-cc",
         "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
@@ -197,6 +198,7 @@
         "utils/TagMonitor.cpp",
         "utils/LatencyHistogram.cpp",
         "utils/Utils.cpp",
+        "utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.cpp",
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
@@ -228,7 +230,6 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-ignored-qualifiers",
     ],
-
 }
 
 cc_library_static {
@@ -278,5 +279,4 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-ignored-qualifiers",
     ],
-
 }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
index e30775d..20ea5bb 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 #include <aidl/AidlCameraService.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android_companion_virtualdevice_flags.h>
+#include <android/companion/virtualnative/IVirtualDeviceManagerNative.h>
 #include <binder/ActivityManager.h>
 #include <binder/AppOpsManager.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@
 #include <system/camera_metadata.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/IActivityManager.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 
 #include <system/camera.h>
@@ -90,7 +93,18 @@
     const char* kSensorPrivacyServiceName = "sensor_privacy";
     const char* kAppopsServiceName = "appops";
     const char* kProcessInfoServiceName = "processinfo";
-}; // namespace anonymous
+    const char* kVirtualDeviceBackCameraId = "0";
+    const char* kVirtualDeviceFrontCameraId = "1";
+
+    int32_t getDeviceId(const android::CameraMetadata& cameraInfo) {
+        if (!cameraInfo.exists(ANDROID_INFO_DEVICE_ID)) {
+            return android::kDefaultDeviceId;
+        }
+
+        const auto &deviceIdEntry = cameraInfo.find(ANDROID_INFO_DEVICE_ID);
+        return deviceIdEntry.data.i32[0];
+    }
+} // namespace anonymous
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -98,6 +112,7 @@
 using namespace camera3::SessionConfigurationUtils;
 
 using binder::Status;
+using companion::virtualnative::IVirtualDeviceManagerNative;
 using frameworks::cameraservice::service::V2_0::implementation::HidlCameraService;
 using frameworks::cameraservice::service::implementation::AidlCameraService;
 using hardware::ICamera;
@@ -107,7 +122,9 @@
 using hardware::camera2::ICameraInjectionSession;
 using hardware::camera2::utils::CameraIdAndSessionConfiguration;
 using hardware::camera2::utils::ConcurrentCameraIdCombination;
+
 namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+namespace vd_flags = android::companion::virtualdevice::flags;
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Logging support -- this is for debugging only
@@ -189,7 +206,6 @@
 
 void CameraService::onFirstRef()
 {
-
     ALOGI("CameraService process starting");
 
     BnCameraService::onFirstRef();
@@ -261,7 +277,6 @@
             }
         }
 
-
         // Setup vendor tags before we call get_camera_info the first time
         // because HAL might need to setup static vendor keys in get_camera_info
         // TODO: maybe put this into CameraProviderManager::initialize()?
@@ -279,7 +294,6 @@
         deviceIds = mCameraProviderManager->getCameraDeviceIds(&unavailPhysicalIds);
     }
 
-
     for (auto& cameraId : deviceIds) {
         if (getCameraState(cameraId) == nullptr) {
             onDeviceStatusChanged(cameraId, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT);
@@ -308,6 +322,10 @@
 
 void CameraService::broadcastTorchModeStatus(const std::string& cameraId, TorchModeStatus status,
         SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind) {
+    // Get the device id and app-visible camera id for the given HAL-visible camera id.
+    auto [deviceId, mappedCameraId] =
+            mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(cameraId);
+
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStatusListenerLock);
     for (auto& i : mListenerList) {
         if (shouldSkipStatusUpdates(systemCameraKind, i->isVendorListener(), i->getListenerPid(),
@@ -316,18 +334,29 @@
                     __FUNCTION__, cameraId.c_str());
             continue;
         }
+
         auto ret = i->getListener()->onTorchStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status),
-                cameraId);
+                mappedCameraId, deviceId);
         i->handleBinderStatus(ret, "%s: Failed to trigger onTorchStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
                 __FUNCTION__, i->getListenerUid(), i->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
-        // Also trigger the torch callbacks for cameras that were remapped to the current cameraId
-        // for the specific package that this listener belongs to.
-        std::vector<std::string> remappedCameraIds =
-                findOriginalIdsForRemappedCameraId(cameraId, i->getListenerUid());
-        for (auto& remappedCameraId : remappedCameraIds) {
-            ret = i->getListener()->onTorchStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status), remappedCameraId);
-            i->handleBinderStatus(ret, "%s: Failed to trigger onTorchStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
-                    __FUNCTION__, i->getListenerUid(), i->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
+
+        // Only cameras of the default device can be remapped to a different camera (using
+        // remapCameraIds method), so do the following only if the camera is associated with the
+        // default device.
+        if (deviceId == kDefaultDeviceId) {
+            // For the default device, also trigger the torch callbacks for cameras that were
+            // remapped to the current cameraId for the specific package that this listener belongs
+            // to.
+            std::vector<std::string> remappedCameraIds =
+                    findOriginalIdsForRemappedCameraId(cameraId, i->getListenerUid());
+            for (auto &remappedCameraId: remappedCameraIds) {
+                ret = i->getListener()->onTorchStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status),
+                        remappedCameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
+                i->handleBinderStatus(ret,
+                        "%s: Failed to trigger onTorchStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
+                        __FUNCTION__, i->getListenerUid(), i->getListenerPid(),
+                        ret.exceptionCode());
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -346,10 +375,28 @@
 void CameraService::filterAPI1SystemCameraLocked(
         const std::vector<std::string> &normalDeviceIds) {
     mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera.clear();
-    for (auto &deviceId : normalDeviceIds) {
+    for (auto &cameraId : normalDeviceIds) {
+        if (vd_flags::camera_device_awareness()) {
+            CameraMetadata cameraInfo;
+            status_t res = mCameraProviderManager->getCameraCharacteristics(
+                    cameraId, false, &cameraInfo, false);
+            int32_t deviceId = kDefaultDeviceId;
+            if (res != OK) {
+                ALOGW("%s: Not able to get camera characteristics for camera id %s",
+                      __FUNCTION__, cameraId.c_str());
+            } else {
+                deviceId = getDeviceId(cameraInfo);
+            }
+            // Cameras associated with non-default device id's (i.e., virtual cameras) can never be
+            // system cameras, so skip for non-default device id's.
+            if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
         SystemCameraKind deviceKind = SystemCameraKind::PUBLIC;
-        if (getSystemCameraKind(deviceId, &deviceKind) != OK) {
-            ALOGE("%s: Invalid camera id %s, skipping", __FUNCTION__, deviceId.c_str());
+        if (getSystemCameraKind(cameraId, &deviceKind) != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Invalid camera id %s, skipping", __FUNCTION__, cameraId.c_str());
             continue;
         }
         if (deviceKind == SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA) {
@@ -357,7 +404,7 @@
             // device ids as per the HAL interface contract.
             break;
         }
-        mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera.push_back(deviceId);
+        mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera.push_back(cameraId);
     }
     ALOGV("%s: number of API1 compatible public cameras is %zu", __FUNCTION__,
               mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera.size());
@@ -511,10 +558,10 @@
     if (newStatus == StatusInternal::NOT_PRESENT) {
         logDeviceRemoved(cameraId, fmt::format("Device status changed from {} to {}",
                 oldStatus, newStatus));
-
         // Set the device status to NOT_PRESENT, clients will no longer be able to connect
         // to this device until the status changes
         updateStatus(StatusInternal::NOT_PRESENT, cameraId);
+        mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.removeCamera(cameraId);
 
         sp<BasicClient> clientToDisconnectOnline, clientToDisconnectOffline;
         {
@@ -596,7 +643,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
             auto ret = listener->getListener()->onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(
-                    mapToInterface(newStatus), id, physicalId);
+                    mapToInterface(newStatus), id, physicalId, kDefaultDeviceId);
             listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
                     "%s: Failed to trigger onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
                     __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(), listener->getListenerPid(),
@@ -630,7 +677,6 @@
     onTorchStatusChangedLocked(cameraId, newStatus, systemCameraKind);
 }
 
-
 void CameraService::onTorchStatusChanged(const std::string& cameraId,
         TorchModeStatus newStatus, SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind) {
     Mutex::Autolock al(mTorchStatusMutex);
@@ -639,9 +685,14 @@
 
 void CameraService::broadcastTorchStrengthLevel(const std::string& cameraId,
         int32_t newStrengthLevel) {
+    // Get the device id and app-visible camera id for the given HAL-visible camera id.
+    auto [deviceId, mappedCameraId] =
+            mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(cameraId);
+
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStatusListenerLock);
     for (auto& i : mListenerList) {
-        auto ret = i->getListener()->onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(cameraId, newStrengthLevel);
+        auto ret = i->getListener()->onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(mappedCameraId,
+                newStrengthLevel, deviceId);
         i->handleBinderStatus(ret,
                 "%s: Failed to trigger onTorchStrengthLevelChanged for %d:%d: %d", __FUNCTION__,
                 i->getListenerUid(), i->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
@@ -746,8 +797,15 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-Status CameraService::getNumberOfCameras(int32_t type, int32_t* numCameras) {
+Status CameraService::getNumberOfCameras(int32_t type, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
+        int32_t* numCameras) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
+    if (vd_flags::camera_device_awareness() && (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId)
+            && (devicePolicy != IVirtualDeviceManagerNative::DEVICE_POLICY_DEFAULT)) {
+        *numCameras = mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getNumberOfCameras(deviceId);
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
+
     Mutex::Autolock l(mServiceLock);
     bool hasSystemCameraPermissions =
             hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(std::string(), getCallingPid(),
@@ -795,6 +853,7 @@
 }
 
 Status CameraService::createDefaultRequest(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId, int templateId,
+        int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
         /* out */
         hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative* request) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -809,8 +868,15 @@
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera subsystem is not available");
     }
 
-    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId,
-            getCallingUid());
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, getCallingUid());
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
 
     binder::Status res;
     if (request == nullptr) {
@@ -851,6 +917,7 @@
 Status CameraService::isSessionConfigurationWithParametersSupported(
         const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
         const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
+        int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
         /*out*/
         bool* supported) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -865,8 +932,16 @@
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera subsystem is not available");
     }
 
-    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId,
-            getCallingUid());
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, getCallingUid());
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
+
     if (supported == nullptr) {
         std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid 'support' input!",
                 unresolvedCameraId.c_str());
@@ -911,9 +986,9 @@
 }
 
 Status CameraService::getSessionCharacteristics(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
-                                                int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait,
-                                                const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
-                                                /*out*/ CameraMetadata* outMetadata) {
+        int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait,
+        const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
+        /*out*/ CameraMetadata* outMetadata) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     if (!mInitialized) {
@@ -922,9 +997,6 @@
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera subsystem is not available");
     }
 
-    const std::string cameraId =
-            resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, getCallingUid());
-
     if (outMetadata == nullptr) {
         std::string msg =
                 fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid 'outMetadata' input!", unresolvedCameraId.c_str());
@@ -932,6 +1004,16 @@
         return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
     }
 
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, getCallingUid());
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
+
     bool overrideForPerfClass = SessionConfigurationUtils::targetPerfClassPrimaryCamera(
             mPerfClassPrimaryCameraIds, cameraId, targetSdkVersion);
 
@@ -970,7 +1052,7 @@
         /* out */ TCameraIdRemapping* cameraIdRemappingMap) {
     std::string packageName;
     std::string cameraIdToReplace, updatedCameraId;
-    for(const auto& packageIdRemapping: cameraIdRemapping.packageIdRemappings) {
+    for (const auto& packageIdRemapping: cameraIdRemapping.packageIdRemappings) {
         packageName = packageIdRemapping.packageName;
         if (packageName.empty()) {
             return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
@@ -982,7 +1064,7 @@
                     "CameraIdRemapping: Mismatch in CameraId Remapping lists sizes for package %s",
                     packageName.c_str());
         }
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < packageIdRemapping.cameraIdsToReplace.size(); i++) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < packageIdRemapping.cameraIdsToReplace.size(); i++) {
             cameraIdToReplace = packageIdRemapping.cameraIdsToReplace[i];
             updatedCameraId = packageIdRemapping.updatedCameraIds[i];
             if (cameraIdToReplace.empty() || updatedCameraId.empty()) {
@@ -996,6 +1078,22 @@
                         " as updatedCameraId for %s",
                         packageName.c_str());
             }
+
+            // Do not allow any camera remapping that involves a virtual camera.
+            auto [deviceIdForCameraToReplace, _] =
+                    mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(
+                            cameraIdToReplace);
+            if (deviceIdForCameraToReplace != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+                return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                        "CameraIdRemapping: CameraIdToReplace cannot be a virtual camera");
+            }
+            [[maybe_unused]] auto [deviceIdForUpdatedCamera, unusedMappedCameraId] =
+                    mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(updatedCameraId);
+            if (deviceIdForUpdatedCamera != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+                return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                        "CameraIdRemapping: UpdatedCameraId cannot be a virtual camera");
+            }
+
             (*cameraIdRemappingMap)[packageName][cameraIdToReplace] = updatedCameraId;
         }
     }
@@ -1064,9 +1162,9 @@
 }
 
 Status CameraService::injectSessionParams(
-            const std::string& cameraId,
-            const CameraMetadata& sessionParams) {
-   if (!checkCallingPermission(toString16(sCameraInjectExternalCameraPermission))) {
+        const std::string& cameraId,
+        const CameraMetadata& sessionParams) {
+    if (!checkCallingPermission(toString16(sCameraInjectExternalCameraPermission))) {
         const int pid = getCallingPid();
         const int uid = getCallingUid();
         ALOGE("%s: Permission Denial: can't inject session params pid=%d, uid=%d",
@@ -1075,6 +1173,13 @@
                 "Permission Denial: no permission to inject session params");
     }
 
+    // Do not allow session params injection for a virtual camera.
+    auto [deviceId, _] = mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(cameraId);
+    if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                "Cannot inject session params for a virtual camera");
+    }
+
     std::unique_ptr<AutoConditionLock> serviceLockWrapper =
             AutoConditionLock::waitAndAcquire(mServiceLockWrapper);
 
@@ -1140,13 +1245,40 @@
     return inputCameraId;
 }
 
-Status CameraService::getCameraInfo(int cameraId, bool overrideToPortrait,
-        CameraInfo* cameraInfo) {
+std::optional<std::string> CameraService::resolveCameraId(
+        const std::string& inputCameraId,
+        int32_t deviceId,
+        int32_t devicePolicy,
+        int clientUid,
+        const std::string& packageName) {
+    if ((deviceId == kDefaultDeviceId)
+            || (devicePolicy == IVirtualDeviceManagerNative::DEVICE_POLICY_DEFAULT)) {
+        auto [storedDeviceId, _] =
+                mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(inputCameraId);
+        if (storedDeviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+            // Trying to access a virtual camera from default-policy device context, we should fail.
+            std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                    inputCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+            ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        return resolveCameraId(inputCameraId, clientUid, packageName);
+    }
+
+    return mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getActualCameraId(deviceId, inputCameraId);
+}
+
+Status CameraService::getCameraInfo(int cameraId, bool overrideToPortrait, int32_t deviceId,
+        int32_t devicePolicy, CameraInfo* cameraInfo) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Mutex::Autolock l(mServiceLock);
-    std::string unresolvedCameraId = cameraIdIntToStrLocked(cameraId);
-    std::string cameraIdStr = resolveCameraId(
-            unresolvedCameraId, getCallingUid());
+    std::string cameraIdStr = cameraIdIntToStrLocked(cameraId, deviceId, devicePolicy);
+    if (cameraIdStr.empty()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %d: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                cameraId, deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
 
     if (shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection(cameraIdStr)) {
         return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION, "Unable to retrieve camera"
@@ -1184,36 +1316,44 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-std::string CameraService::cameraIdIntToStrLocked(int cameraIdInt) {
-    const std::vector<std::string> *deviceIds = &mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera;
+std::string CameraService::cameraIdIntToStrLocked(int cameraIdInt,
+        int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy) {
+    if (vd_flags::camera_device_awareness() && (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId)
+            && (devicePolicy != IVirtualDeviceManagerNative::DEVICE_POLICY_DEFAULT)) {
+        std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional =
+                mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getActualCameraId(cameraIdInt, deviceId);
+        return cameraIdOptional.has_value() ? cameraIdOptional.value() : std::string{};
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string> *cameraIds = &mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera;
     auto callingPid = getCallingPid();
     auto callingUid = getCallingUid();
     bool systemCameraPermissions = hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(std::to_string(cameraIdInt),
             callingPid, callingUid, /* checkCameraPermissions= */ false);
     if (systemCameraPermissions || getpid() == callingPid) {
-        deviceIds = &mNormalDeviceIds;
+        cameraIds = &mNormalDeviceIds;
     }
-    if (cameraIdInt < 0 || cameraIdInt >= static_cast<int>(deviceIds->size())) {
-        ALOGE("%s: input id %d invalid: valid range  (0, %zu)",
-                __FUNCTION__, cameraIdInt, deviceIds->size());
+    if (cameraIdInt < 0 || cameraIdInt >= static_cast<int>(cameraIds->size())) {
+        ALOGE("%s: input id %d invalid: valid range (0, %zu)",
+                __FUNCTION__, cameraIdInt, cameraIds->size());
         return std::string{};
     }
 
-    return (*deviceIds)[cameraIdInt];
+    std::string unresolvedCameraId = (*cameraIds)[cameraIdInt];
+    return resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, getCallingUid());
 }
 
-std::string CameraService::cameraIdIntToStr(int cameraIdInt) {
+std::string CameraService::cameraIdIntToStr(int cameraIdInt, int32_t deviceId,
+        int32_t devicePolicy) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);
-    return cameraIdIntToStrLocked(cameraIdInt);
+    return cameraIdIntToStrLocked(cameraIdInt, deviceId, devicePolicy);
 }
 
 Status CameraService::getCameraCharacteristics(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
-        int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait, CameraMetadata* cameraInfo) {
+        int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
+        CameraMetadata* cameraInfo) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
-    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId,
-            getCallingUid());
-
     if (!cameraInfo) {
         ALOGE("%s: cameraInfo is NULL", __FUNCTION__);
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "cameraInfo is NULL");
@@ -1226,6 +1366,16 @@
                 "Camera subsystem is not available");;
     }
 
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, getCallingUid());
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
+
     if (shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection(cameraId)) {
         return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION, "Unable to retrieve camera"
                 "characteristics for system only device %s: ", cameraId.c_str());
@@ -1292,19 +1442,27 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-Status CameraService::getTorchStrengthLevel(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
-        int32_t* torchStrength) {
+Status CameraService::getTorchStrengthLevel(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId, int32_t deviceId,
+        int32_t devicePolicy, int32_t* torchStrength) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Mutex::Autolock l(mServiceLock);
 
-    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(
-        unresolvedCameraId, getCallingUid());
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, getCallingUid());
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
+
     if (!mInitialized) {
         ALOGE("%s: Camera HAL couldn't be initialized.", __FUNCTION__);
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera HAL couldn't be initialized.");
     }
 
-    if(torchStrength == NULL) {
+    if (torchStrength == NULL) {
         ALOGE("%s: strength level must not be null.", __FUNCTION__);
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "Strength level should not be null.");
     }
@@ -2077,15 +2235,20 @@
         int targetSdkVersion,
         bool overrideToPortrait,
         bool forceSlowJpegMode,
+        int32_t deviceId,
+        int32_t devicePolicy,
         /*out*/
         sp<ICamera>* device) {
-
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Status ret = Status::ok();
 
-    std::string unresolvedCameraId = cameraIdIntToStr(api1CameraId);
-    std::string cameraIdStr = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId,
-            getCallingUid());
+    std::string cameraIdStr = cameraIdIntToStr(api1CameraId, deviceId, devicePolicy);
+    if (cameraIdStr.empty()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %d: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                api1CameraId, deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
 
     sp<Client> client = nullptr;
     ret = connectHelper<ICameraClient,Client>(cameraClient, cameraIdStr, api1CameraId,
@@ -2093,9 +2256,8 @@
             /*shimUpdateOnly*/ false, /*oomScoreOffset*/ 0, targetSdkVersion,
             overrideToPortrait, forceSlowJpegMode, cameraIdStr, /*out*/client);
 
-    if(!ret.isOk()) {
-        logRejected(cameraIdStr, getCallingPid(), clientPackageName,
-                toStdString(ret.toString8()));
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        logRejected(cameraIdStr, getCallingPid(), clientPackageName, toStdString(ret.toString8()));
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -2175,10 +2337,9 @@
         const std::string& clientPackageName,
         const std::optional<std::string>& clientFeatureId,
         int clientUid, int oomScoreOffset, int targetSdkVersion,
-        bool overrideToPortrait,
+        bool overrideToPortrait, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
         /*out*/
         sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser>* device) {
-
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Status ret = Status::ok();
     sp<CameraDeviceClient> client = nullptr;
@@ -2192,10 +2353,15 @@
         systemNativeClient = true;
     }
 
-    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(
-            unresolvedCameraId,
-            callingUid,
-            clientPackageNameAdj);
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, callingUid, clientPackageNameAdj);
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
 
     if (oomScoreOffset < 0) {
         std::string msg =
@@ -2238,7 +2404,7 @@
             targetSdkVersion, overrideToPortrait, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false, unresolvedCameraId,
             /*out*/client);
 
-    if(!ret.isOk()) {
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
         logRejected(cameraId, callingPid, clientPackageNameAdj, toStdString(ret.toString8()));
         return ret;
     }
@@ -2397,7 +2563,7 @@
         }
 
         // Enforce client permissions and do basic validity checks
-        if(!(ret = validateConnectLocked(cameraId, clientPackageName,
+        if (!(ret = validateConnectLocked(cameraId, clientPackageName,
                 /*inout*/clientUid, /*inout*/clientPid, /*out*/originalClientPid)).isOk()) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -2755,7 +2921,8 @@
 }
 
 Status CameraService::turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
-        int32_t torchStrength, const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder) {
+        int32_t torchStrength, const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder, int32_t deviceId,
+        int32_t devicePolicy) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -2766,7 +2933,16 @@
     }
 
     int uid = getCallingUid();
-    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, uid);
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, uid);
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
+
     if (shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection(cameraId)) {
         return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "Unable to change the strength level"
                 "for system only device %s: ", cameraId.c_str());
@@ -2883,7 +3059,7 @@
 }
 
 Status CameraService::setTorchMode(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId, bool enabled,
-        const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder) {
+        const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -2894,7 +3070,15 @@
     }
 
     int uid = getCallingUid();
-    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, uid);
+    std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId, deviceId,
+            devicePolicy, uid);
+    if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str(), deviceId);
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+    std::string cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
 
     if (shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection(cameraId)) {
         return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "Unable to set torch mode"
@@ -3165,6 +3349,7 @@
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
+// TODO(b/291736219): This to be made device-aware.
 Status CameraService::getConcurrentCameraIds(
         std::vector<ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* concurrentCameraIds) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -3261,7 +3446,6 @@
         /*out*/
         std::vector<hardware::CameraStatus> *cameraStatuses,
         bool isVendorListener, bool isProcessLocalTest) {
-
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     ALOGV("%s: Add listener %p", __FUNCTION__, listener.get());
@@ -3309,9 +3493,14 @@
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mCameraStatesLock);
         for (auto& i : mCameraStates) {
-            cameraStatuses->emplace_back(i.first,
+            // Get the device id and app-visible camera id for the given HAL-visible camera id.
+            auto [deviceId, mappedCameraId] =
+                    mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(i.first);
+
+            cameraStatuses->emplace_back(mappedCameraId,
                     mapToInterface(i.second->getStatus()), i.second->getUnavailablePhysicalIds(),
-                    openCloseCallbackAllowed ? i.second->getClientPackage() : std::string());
+                    openCloseCallbackAllowed ? i.second->getClientPackage() : std::string(),
+                    deviceId);
         }
     }
     // Remove the camera statuses that should be hidden from the client, we do
@@ -3320,19 +3509,38 @@
     // the same time.
     cameraStatuses->erase(std::remove_if(cameraStatuses->begin(), cameraStatuses->end(),
                 [this, &isVendorListener, &clientPid, &clientUid](const hardware::CameraStatus& s) {
-                    SystemCameraKind deviceKind = SystemCameraKind::PUBLIC;
-                    if (getSystemCameraKind(s.cameraId, &deviceKind) != OK) {
-                        ALOGE("%s: Invalid camera id %s, skipping status update",
-                                __FUNCTION__, s.cameraId.c_str());
-                        return true;
-                    }
-                    return shouldSkipStatusUpdates(deviceKind, isVendorListener, clientPid,
-                            clientUid);}), cameraStatuses->end());
+                        std::string cameraId = s.cameraId;
+                        std::optional<std::string> cameraIdOptional = resolveCameraId(s.cameraId,
+                                s.deviceId, IVirtualDeviceManagerNative::DEVICE_POLICY_CUSTOM,
+                                clientUid);
+                        if (!cameraIdOptional.has_value()) {
+                            std::string msg =
+                                    fmt::sprintf(
+                                            "Camera %s: Invalid camera id for device id %d",
+                                            s.cameraId.c_str(), s.deviceId);
+                            ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        cameraId = cameraIdOptional.value();
+                        SystemCameraKind deviceKind = SystemCameraKind::PUBLIC;
+                        if (getSystemCameraKind(cameraId, &deviceKind) != OK) {
+                            ALOGE("%s: Invalid camera id %s, skipping status update",
+                                    __FUNCTION__, s.cameraId.c_str());
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        return shouldSkipStatusUpdates(deviceKind, isVendorListener, clientPid,
+                                clientUid);
+                     }), cameraStatuses->end());
 
-    //cameraStatuses will have non-eligible camera ids removed.
+    // cameraStatuses will have non-eligible camera ids removed.
     std::set<std::string> idsChosenForCallback;
     for (const auto &s : *cameraStatuses) {
-        idsChosenForCallback.insert(s.cameraId);
+        // Add only default device cameras here, as virtual cameras currently don't support torch
+        // anyway. Note that this is a simplification of the implementation here, and we should
+        // change this when virtual cameras support torch.
+        if (s.deviceId == kDefaultDeviceId) {
+            idsChosenForCallback.insert(s.cameraId);
+        }
     }
 
     /*
@@ -3346,7 +3554,8 @@
             // The camera id is visible to the client. Fine to send torch
             // callback.
             if (idsChosenForCallback.find(id) != idsChosenForCallback.end()) {
-                listener->onTorchStatusChanged(mapToInterface(mTorchStatusMap.valueAt(i)), id);
+                listener->onTorchStatusChanged(mapToInterface(mTorchStatusMap.valueAt(i)), id,
+                        kDefaultDeviceId);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3500,7 +3709,21 @@
         const int uid = getCallingUid();
         ALOGE("Permission Denial: can't inject camera pid=%d, uid=%d", pid, uid);
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED,
-                        "Permission Denial: no permission to inject camera");
+                "Permission Denial: no permission to inject camera");
+    }
+
+    // Do not allow any camera injection that injects or replaces a virtual camera.
+    auto [deviceIdForInternalCamera, _] =
+            mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(internalCamId);
+    if (deviceIdForInternalCamera != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ICameraInjectionCallback::ERROR_INJECTION_UNSUPPORTED,
+                "Cannot replace a virtual camera");
+    }
+    [[maybe_unused]] auto [deviceIdForExternalCamera, unusedMappedCameraId] =
+            mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(externalCamId);
+    if (deviceIdForExternalCamera != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ICameraInjectionCallback::ERROR_INJECTION_UNSUPPORTED,
+                "Cannot inject a virtual camera to replace an internal camera");
     }
 
     ALOGV(
@@ -3530,7 +3753,7 @@
                         mInjectionExternalCamId.c_str());
             }
             res = clientSp->injectCamera(mInjectionExternalCamId, mCameraProviderManager);
-            if(res != OK) {
+            if (res != OK) {
                 mInjectionStatusListener->notifyInjectionError(mInjectionExternalCamId, res);
             }
         } else {
@@ -3567,7 +3790,6 @@
         std::unique_ptr<AutoConditionLock> lock =
                 AutoConditionLock::waitAndAcquire(mServiceLockWrapper);
 
-
         std::vector<sp<BasicClient>> evicted;
         for (auto& i : mActiveClientManager.getAll()) {
             auto clientSp = i->getValue();
@@ -3836,7 +4058,6 @@
 // We share the media players for shutter and recording sound for all clients.
 // A reference count is kept to determine when we will actually release the
 // media players.
-
 sp<MediaPlayer> CameraService::newMediaPlayer(const char *file) {
     sp<MediaPlayer> mp = new MediaPlayer();
     status_t error;
@@ -4965,7 +5186,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //                  CameraClientManager
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5496,6 +5716,36 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    if (vd_flags::camera_device_awareness() && status == StatusInternal::PRESENT) {
+        CameraMetadata cameraInfo;
+        status_t res = mCameraProviderManager->getCameraCharacteristics(
+                cameraId, false, &cameraInfo, false);
+        if (res != OK) {
+            ALOGW("%s: Not able to get camera characteristics for camera id %s",
+                  __FUNCTION__, cameraId.c_str());
+        } else {
+            int32_t deviceId = getDeviceId(cameraInfo);
+            if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+                const auto &lensFacingEntry = cameraInfo.find(ANDROID_LENS_FACING);
+                camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing_t androidLensFacing =
+                        static_cast<camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing_t>(
+                                lensFacingEntry.data.u8[0]);
+                std::string mappedCameraId;
+                if (androidLensFacing == ANDROID_LENS_FACING_BACK) {
+                    mappedCameraId = kVirtualDeviceBackCameraId;
+                } else if (androidLensFacing == ANDROID_LENS_FACING_FRONT) {
+                    mappedCameraId = kVirtualDeviceFrontCameraId;
+                } else {
+                    ALOGD("%s: Not adding entry for an external camera of a virtual device",
+                          __func__);
+                }
+                if (!mappedCameraId.empty()) {
+                    mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.addCamera(cameraId, deviceId, mappedCameraId);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // Collect the logical cameras without holding mStatusLock in updateStatus
     // as that can lead to a deadlock(b/162192331).
     auto logicalCameraIds = getLogicalCameras(cameraId);
@@ -5504,55 +5754,67 @@
     state->updateStatus(status, cameraId, rejectSourceStates, [this, &deviceKind,
                         &logicalCameraIds]
             (const std::string& cameraId, StatusInternal status) {
+                // Get the device id and app-visible camera id for the given HAL-visible camera id.
+                auto [deviceId, mappedCameraId] =
+                        mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(cameraId);
 
-            if (status != StatusInternal::ENUMERATING) {
-                // Update torch status if it has a flash unit.
-                Mutex::Autolock al(mTorchStatusMutex);
-                TorchModeStatus torchStatus;
-                if (getTorchStatusLocked(cameraId, &torchStatus) !=
-                        NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
-                    TorchModeStatus newTorchStatus =
-                            status == StatusInternal::PRESENT ?
-                            TorchModeStatus::AVAILABLE_OFF :
-                            TorchModeStatus::NOT_AVAILABLE;
-                    if (torchStatus != newTorchStatus) {
-                        onTorchStatusChangedLocked(cameraId, newTorchStatus, deviceKind);
+                if (status != StatusInternal::ENUMERATING) {
+                    // Update torch status if it has a flash unit.
+                    Mutex::Autolock al(mTorchStatusMutex);
+                    TorchModeStatus torchStatus;
+                    if (getTorchStatusLocked(cameraId, &torchStatus) !=
+                            NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
+                        TorchModeStatus newTorchStatus =
+                                status == StatusInternal::PRESENT ?
+                                TorchModeStatus::AVAILABLE_OFF :
+                                TorchModeStatus::NOT_AVAILABLE;
+                        if (torchStatus != newTorchStatus) {
+                            onTorchStatusChangedLocked(cameraId, newTorchStatus, deviceKind);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
-            }
 
-            Mutex::Autolock lock(mStatusListenerLock);
-            notifyPhysicalCameraStatusLocked(mapToInterface(status), cameraId,
-                    logicalCameraIds, deviceKind);
+                Mutex::Autolock lock(mStatusListenerLock);
+                notifyPhysicalCameraStatusLocked(mapToInterface(status), mappedCameraId,
+                        logicalCameraIds, deviceKind, deviceId);
 
-            for (auto& listener : mListenerList) {
-                bool isVendorListener = listener->isVendorListener();
-                if (shouldSkipStatusUpdates(deviceKind, isVendorListener,
-                        listener->getListenerPid(), listener->getListenerUid())) {
-                    ALOGV("Skipping discovery callback for system-only camera device %s",
-                            cameraId.c_str());
-                    continue;
-                }
-                auto ret = listener->getListener()->onStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status),
-                        cameraId);
-                listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
-                         "%s: Failed to trigger onStatusChanged callback for %d:%d: %d",
-                        __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(), listener->getListenerPid(),
-                        ret.exceptionCode());
-                // Also trigger the callbacks for cameras that were remapped to the current
-                // cameraId for the specific package that this listener belongs to.
-                std::vector<std::string> remappedCameraIds =
-                        findOriginalIdsForRemappedCameraId(cameraId, listener->getListenerUid());
-                for (auto& remappedCameraId : remappedCameraIds) {
-                    ret = listener->getListener()->onStatusChanged(
-                            mapToInterface(status), remappedCameraId);
+                for (auto& listener : mListenerList) {
+                    bool isVendorListener = listener->isVendorListener();
+                    if (shouldSkipStatusUpdates(deviceKind, isVendorListener,
+                            listener->getListenerPid(), listener->getListenerUid())) {
+                        ALOGV("Skipping discovery callback for system-only camera device %s",
+                              cameraId.c_str());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    auto ret = listener->getListener()->onStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status),
+                            mappedCameraId, deviceId);
                     listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
-                             "%s: Failed to trigger onStatusChanged callback for %d:%d: %d",
+                            "%s: Failed to trigger onStatusChanged callback for %d:%d: %d",
                             __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(), listener->getListenerPid(),
                             ret.exceptionCode());
+
+                    // Only cameras of the default device can be remapped to a different camera
+                    // (using remapCameraIds method), so do the following only if the camera is
+                    // associated with the default device.
+                    if (deviceId == kDefaultDeviceId) {
+                        // For the default device, also trigger the callbacks for cameras that were
+                        // remapped to the current cameraId for the specific package that this
+                        // listener belongs to.
+                        std::vector<std::string> remappedCameraIds =
+                                findOriginalIdsForRemappedCameraId(cameraId,
+                                        listener->getListenerUid());
+                        for (auto &remappedCameraId: remappedCameraIds) {
+                            ret = listener->getListener()->onStatusChanged(
+                                    mapToInterface(status), remappedCameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
+                            listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
+                                    "%s: Failed to trigger onStatusChanged callback for %d:%d: %d",
+                                    __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(),
+                                    listener->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        });
+            });
 }
 
 void CameraService::updateOpenCloseStatus(const std::string& cameraId, bool open,
@@ -5569,6 +5831,10 @@
         state->setClientPackage(std::string());
     }
 
+    // Get the device id and app-visible camera id for the given HAL-visible camera id.
+    auto [deviceId, mappedCameraId] =
+            mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(cameraId);
+
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStatusListenerLock);
 
     for (const auto& it : mListenerList) {
@@ -5578,9 +5844,10 @@
 
         binder::Status ret;
         if (open) {
-            ret = it->getListener()->onCameraOpened(cameraId, clientPackageName);
+            ret = it->getListener()->onCameraOpened(mappedCameraId, clientPackageName,
+                    deviceId);
         } else {
-            ret = it->getListener()->onCameraClosed(cameraId);
+            ret = it->getListener()->onCameraClosed(mappedCameraId, deviceId);
         }
 
         it->handleBinderStatus(ret,
@@ -5673,7 +5940,7 @@
 
 void CameraService::notifyPhysicalCameraStatusLocked(int32_t status,
         const std::string& physicalCameraId, const std::list<std::string>& logicalCameraIds,
-        SystemCameraKind deviceKind) {
+        SystemCameraKind deviceKind, int32_t deviceId) {
     // mStatusListenerLock is expected to be locked
     for (const auto& logicalCameraId : logicalCameraIds) {
         for (auto& listener : mListenerList) {
@@ -5687,7 +5954,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
             auto ret = listener->getListener()->onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(status,
-                    logicalCameraId, physicalCameraId);
+                    logicalCameraId, physicalCameraId, deviceId);
             listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
                     "%s: Failed to trigger onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
                     __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(), listener->getListenerPid(),
@@ -5696,7 +5963,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-
 void CameraService::blockClientsForUid(uid_t uid) {
     const auto clients = mActiveClientManager.getAll();
     for (auto& current : clients) {
@@ -6086,7 +6352,7 @@
                  "        prints the monitored information in real time\n"
                  "        Hit return to exit\n"
                  "  clear clears all buffers storing information for watch command");
-  return BAD_VALUE;
+    return BAD_VALUE;
 }
 
 status_t CameraService::startWatchingTags(const Vector<String16> &args, int outFd) {
@@ -6494,4 +6760,4 @@
     mInjectionStatusListener->removeListener();
 }
 
-}; // namespace android
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
index f25cf7d..b4c2edd 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
@@ -55,12 +55,14 @@
 #include "utils/IPCTransport.h"
 #include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 #include "utils/AttributionAndPermissionUtils.h"
+#include "utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.h"
 
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <optional>
 #include <utility>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -150,14 +152,17 @@
     /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // ICameraService
     // IMPORTANT: All binder calls that deal with logicalCameraId should use
-    // resolveCameraId(logicalCameraId) to arrive at the correct cameraId to
-    // perform the operation on (in case of Id Remapping).
-    virtual binder::Status     getNumberOfCameras(int32_t type, int32_t* numCameras);
+    // resolveCameraId(logicalCameraId, deviceId, devicePolicy) to arrive at the correct
+    // cameraId to perform the operation on (in case of Id Remapping, or in case of contexts
+    // associated with virtual devices).
+    virtual binder::Status     getNumberOfCameras(int32_t type, int32_t deviceId,
+            int32_t devicePolicy, int32_t* numCameras);
 
     virtual binder::Status     getCameraInfo(int cameraId, bool overrideToPortrait,
-            hardware::CameraInfo* cameraInfo) override;
+            int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy, hardware::CameraInfo* cameraInfo) override;
     virtual binder::Status     getCameraCharacteristics(const std::string& cameraId,
-            int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait, CameraMetadata* cameraInfo) override;
+            int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait, int32_t deviceId,
+            int32_t devicePolicy, CameraMetadata* cameraInfo) override;
     virtual binder::Status     getCameraVendorTagDescriptor(
             /*out*/
             hardware::camera2::params::VendorTagDescriptor* desc);
@@ -168,15 +173,15 @@
     virtual binder::Status     connect(const sp<hardware::ICameraClient>& cameraClient,
             int32_t cameraId, const std::string& clientPackageName,
             int32_t clientUid, int clientPid, int targetSdkVersion,
-            bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode,
-            /*out*/
-            sp<hardware::ICamera>* device) override;
+            bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode, int32_t deviceId,
+            int32_t devicePolicy, /*out*/ sp<hardware::ICamera>* device) override;
 
     virtual binder::Status     connectDevice(
             const sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks>& cameraCb,
             const std::string& cameraId,
             const std::string& clientPackageName, const std::optional<std::string>& clientFeatureId,
             int32_t clientUid, int scoreOffset, int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait,
+            int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
             /*out*/
             sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser>* device);
 
@@ -186,6 +191,7 @@
     virtual binder::Status    removeListener(
             const sp<hardware::ICameraServiceListener>& listener);
 
+    // TODO(b/291736219): This to be made device-aware.
     virtual binder::Status getConcurrentCameraIds(
         /*out*/
         std::vector<hardware::camera2::utils::ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* concurrentCameraIds);
@@ -200,13 +206,14 @@
             std::string* parameters);
 
     virtual binder::Status    setTorchMode(const std::string& cameraId, bool enabled,
-            const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder);
+            const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy);
 
     virtual binder::Status    turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(const std::string& cameraId,
-            int32_t torchStrength, const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder);
+            int32_t torchStrength, const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder, int32_t deviceId,
+            int32_t devicePolicy);
 
-    virtual binder::Status    getTorchStrengthLevel(const std::string& cameraId,
-            int32_t* torchStrength);
+    virtual binder::Status    getTorchStrengthLevel(const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId,
+            int32_t devicePolicy, int32_t* torchStrength);
 
     virtual binder::Status    notifySystemEvent(int32_t eventId,
             const std::vector<int32_t>& args);
@@ -244,19 +251,21 @@
             const hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative& sessionParams);
 
     virtual binder::Status createDefaultRequest(const std::string& cameraId, int templateId,
+            int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
             /*out*/
             hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative* request);
 
     virtual binder::Status isSessionConfigurationWithParametersSupported(
             const std::string& cameraId,
             const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
+            int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy,
             /*out*/
             bool* supported);
 
     virtual binder::Status getSessionCharacteristics(
             const std::string& cameraId, int targetSdkVersion, bool overrideToPortrait,
-            const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
-            /*out*/ CameraMetadata* outMetadata);
+            const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration, int32_t deviceId,
+            int32_t devicePolicy, /*out*/ CameraMetadata* outMetadata);
 
     // Extra permissions checks
     virtual status_t    onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
@@ -1045,10 +1054,11 @@
             /* out */ TCameraIdRemapping* cameraIdRemappingMap);
 
     /**
-     * Resolve the (potentially remapped) camera Id to use for packageName.
+     * Resolve the (potentially remapped) camera id to use for packageName for the default device
+     * context.
      *
-     * This returns the Camera Id to use in case inputCameraId was remapped to a
-     * different Id for the given packageName. Otherwise, it returns the inputCameraId.
+     * This returns the Camera id to use in case inputCameraId was remapped to a
+     * different id for the given packageName. Otherwise, it returns the inputCameraId.
      *
      * If the packageName is not provided, it will be inferred from the clientUid.
      */
@@ -1058,6 +1068,26 @@
             const std::string& packageName = "");
 
     /**
+     * Resolve the (potentially remapped) camera id for the given input camera id and the given
+     * device id and device policy (for the device associated with the context of the caller).
+     *
+     * For any context associated with the default device or a virtual device with default camera
+     * policy, this will return the actual camera id (in case inputCameraId was remapped using
+     * the remapCameraIds method).
+     *
+     * For any context associated with a virtual device with custom camera policy, this will return
+     * the actual camera id if inputCameraId corresponds to the mapped id of a virtual camera
+     * (for virtual devices with custom camera policy, the back and front virtual cameras of that
+     * device would have 0 and 1 respectively as their mapped camera id).
+     */
+    std::optional<std::string> resolveCameraId(
+            const std::string& inputCameraId,
+            int32_t deviceId,
+            int32_t devicePolicy,
+            int clientUid,
+            const std::string& packageName = "");
+
+    /**
      * Updates the state of mCameraIdRemapping, while disconnecting active clients as necessary.
      */
     void remapCameraIds(const TCameraIdRemapping& cameraIdRemapping);
@@ -1122,13 +1152,13 @@
      * Returns the underlying camera Id string mapped to a camera id int
      * Empty string is returned when the cameraIdInt is invalid.
      */
-    std::string cameraIdIntToStr(int cameraIdInt);
+    std::string cameraIdIntToStr(int cameraIdInt, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Returns the underlying camera Id string mapped to a camera id int
      * Empty string is returned when the cameraIdInt is invalid.
      */
-    std::string cameraIdIntToStrLocked(int cameraIdInt);
+    std::string cameraIdIntToStrLocked(int cameraIdInt, int32_t deviceId, int32_t devicePolicy);
 
     /**
      * Remove a single client corresponding to the given camera id from the list of active clients.
@@ -1328,6 +1358,8 @@
      *
      * This method must be idempotent.
      * This method acquires mStatusLock and mStatusListenerLock.
+     * For any virtual camera, this method must pass its mapped camera id and device id to
+     * ICameraServiceListeners (using mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper).
      */
     void updateStatus(StatusInternal status,
             const std::string& cameraId,
@@ -1381,7 +1413,8 @@
     // notify physical camera status when the physical camera is public.
     // Expects mStatusListenerLock to be locked.
     void notifyPhysicalCameraStatusLocked(int32_t status, const std::string& physicalCameraId,
-            const std::list<std::string>& logicalCameraIds, SystemCameraKind deviceKind);
+            const std::list<std::string>& logicalCameraIds, SystemCameraKind deviceKind,
+            int32_t virtualDeviceId);
 
     // get list of logical cameras which are backed by physicalCameraId
     std::list<std::string> getLogicalCameras(const std::string& physicalCameraId);
@@ -1617,6 +1650,8 @@
     int64_t mDeviceState;
 
     void updateTorchUidMapLocked(const std::string& cameraId, int uid);
+
+    VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper mVirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/TEST_MAPPING b/services/camera/libcameraservice/TEST_MAPPING
index ca6cc58..6257aee 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -4,6 +4,17 @@
       "name": "cameraservice_test"
     }
   ],
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsVirtualDevicesCameraTestCases",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.FlakyTest"
+        }
+      ],
+      "keywords": ["primary-device"]
+    }
+  ],
   "imports": [
     {
       "path": "frameworks/av/camera"
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp
index 79dbfed..cb11023 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <android/binder_ibinder.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <binder/Status.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
 #include <utils/Utils.h>
 
@@ -90,6 +91,8 @@
     UStatus ret = mCameraService->getCameraCharacteristics(in_cameraId,
                                                            mVndkVersion,
                                                            /* overrideToPortrait= */ false,
+                                                           kDefaultDeviceId,
+                                                           /* devicePolicy= */ 0,
                                                            &cameraMetadata);
     if (!ret.isOk()) {
         if (ret.exceptionCode() != EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC) {
@@ -148,6 +151,8 @@
             /* scoreOffset= */ 0,
             /* targetSdkVersion= */ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
             /* overrideToPortrait= */ false,
+            kDefaultDeviceId,
+            /* devicePolicy= */ 0,
             &unstableDevice);
     if (!serviceRet.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Unable to connect to camera device: %s", __FUNCTION__,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp
index d7ab0d9..dc5c7f5 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <aidl/AidlUtils.h>
 #include <aidl/android/frameworks/cameraservice/common/Status.h>
 #include <aidl/android/frameworks/cameraservice/service/CameraStatusAndId.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 
 namespace android::frameworks::cameraservice::service::implementation {
@@ -28,7 +29,10 @@
 using SStatus = ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::common::Status;
 
 binder::Status AidlCameraServiceListener::onStatusChanged(
-        int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId) {
+        int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId) {
+    if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
     SCameraDeviceStatus sStatus = convertCameraStatusToAidl(status);
     auto ret = mBase->onStatusChanged(sStatus, cameraId);
     LOG_STATUS_ERROR_IF_NOT_OK(ret, "onStatusChanged")
@@ -37,7 +41,10 @@
 
 binder::Status AidlCameraServiceListener::onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(
         int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId,
-        const std::string& physicalCameraId) {
+        const std::string& physicalCameraId, int32_t deviceId) {
+    if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
     SCameraDeviceStatus sStatus = convertCameraStatusToAidl(status);
 
     auto ret = mBase->onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(sStatus, cameraId, physicalCameraId);
@@ -46,20 +53,22 @@
 }
 
 ::android::binder::Status AidlCameraServiceListener::onTorchStatusChanged(
-    int32_t, const std::string&) {
+    [[maybe_unused]] int32_t, [[maybe_unused]] const std::string&, int32_t) {
   // We don't implement onTorchStatusChanged
   return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
 ::android::binder::Status AidlCameraServiceListener::onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(
-    const std::string&, int32_t) {
+    [[maybe_unused]] const std::string&, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t) {
     // We don't implement onTorchStrengthLevelChanged
     return binder::Status::ok();
 }
+
 status_t AidlCameraServiceListener::linkToDeath(const sp<DeathRecipient>& recipient, void* cookie,
                                                 uint32_t flags) {
     return mDeathPipe.linkToDeath(recipient, cookie, flags);
 }
+
 status_t AidlCameraServiceListener::unlinkToDeath(const wp<DeathRecipient>& recipient, void* cookie,
                                                   uint32_t flags,
                                                   wp<DeathRecipient>* outRecipient) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h
index 6483fe1..a7c32e3 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h
@@ -45,25 +45,28 @@
     ~AidlCameraServiceListener() = default;
 
     ::android::binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t status,
-            const std::string& cameraId) override;
+            const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId) override;
     ::android::binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int32_t status,
             const std::string& cameraId,
-            const std::string& physicalCameraId) override;
+            const std::string& physicalCameraId,
+            int32_t deviceId) override;
 
     ::android::binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(
-            int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId) override;
+            int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId) override;
     ::android::binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(
-            const std::string& cameraId, int32_t newStrengthLevel) override;
+            const std::string& cameraId, int32_t newStrengthLevel, int32_t deviceId) override;
     binder::Status onCameraAccessPrioritiesChanged() override {
         // TODO: no implementation yet.
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
-    binder::Status onCameraOpened(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            const std::string& /*clientPackageId*/) override {
+    binder::Status onCameraOpened([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*clientPackageId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
         // empty implementation
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
-    binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string& /*cameraId*/) override {
+    binder::Status onCameraClosed([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) override {
         // empty implementation
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp
index 2b81224..d28c7ab 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h>
 #include <hidl/Utils.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -29,7 +30,10 @@
 typedef frameworks::cameraservice::service::V2_1::ICameraServiceListener HCameraServiceListener2_1;
 
 binder::Status H2BCameraServiceListener::onStatusChanged(
-    int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId) {
+    int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId) {
+  if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+      return binder::Status::ok();
+  }
   HCameraDeviceStatus hCameraDeviceStatus = convertToHidlCameraDeviceStatus(status);
   CameraStatusAndId cameraStatusAndId;
   cameraStatusAndId.deviceStatus = hCameraDeviceStatus;
@@ -44,7 +48,10 @@
 
 binder::Status H2BCameraServiceListener::onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(
     int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId,
-    const std::string& physicalCameraId) {
+    const std::string& physicalCameraId, int32_t deviceId) {
+  if (deviceId != kDefaultDeviceId) {
+      return binder::Status::ok();
+  }
   auto cast2_1 = HCameraServiceListener2_1::castFrom(mBase);
   sp<HCameraServiceListener2_1> interface2_1 = nullptr;
   if (cast2_1.isOk()) {
@@ -66,13 +73,13 @@
 }
 
 ::android::binder::Status H2BCameraServiceListener::onTorchStatusChanged(
-    int32_t, const std::string&) {
+    [[maybe_unused]] int32_t, [[maybe_unused]] const std::string&, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t) {
   // We don't implement onTorchStatusChanged
   return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
 ::android::binder::Status H2BCameraServiceListener::onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(
-    const std::string&, int32_t) {
+    [[maybe_unused]] const std::string&, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t) {
   return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h
index 91a4c16..78fca4e 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/AidlCameraServiceListener.h
@@ -47,25 +47,28 @@
     ~H2BCameraServiceListener() { }
 
     virtual ::android::binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t status,
-            const std::string& cameraId) override;
+            const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId) override;
     virtual ::android::binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int32_t status,
             const std::string& cameraId,
-            const std::string& physicalCameraId) override;
+            const std::string& physicalCameraId,
+            int32_t deviceId) override;
 
     virtual ::android::binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(
-            int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId) override;
+            int32_t status, const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId) override;
     virtual ::android::binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(
-            const std::string& cameraId, int32_t newStrengthLevel) override;
+            const std::string& cameraId, int32_t newStrengthLevel, int32_t deviceId) override;
     virtual binder::Status onCameraAccessPrioritiesChanged() {
         // TODO: no implementation yet.
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
-    virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            const std::string& /*clientPackageId*/) {
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*clientPackageId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // empty implementation
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
-    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string& /*cameraId*/) {
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // empty implementation
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
index 1a5a6b9..8f25ad6 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
 
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <utils/Utils.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@
     binder::Status serviceRet =
         mAidlICameraService->getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId,
                 /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
-                &cameraMetadata);
+                kDefaultDeviceId, 0, &cameraMetadata);
     HCameraMetadata hidlMetadata;
     if (!serviceRet.isOk()) {
         switch(serviceRet.serviceSpecificErrorCode()) {
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@
             callbacks, cameraId, std::string(), {},
             hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreOffset*/,
             /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
-            /*out*/&deviceRemote);
+            kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, /*out*/&deviceRemote);
     HStatus status = HStatus::NO_ERROR;
     if (!serviceRet.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Unable to connect to camera device", __FUNCTION__);
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp
index 854c342..778b428 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/camera2/BnCameraDeviceCallbacks.h>
 #include <android/hardware/ICameraServiceListener.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera/camera2/OutputConfiguration.h>
 #include <gui/BufferItemConsumer.h>
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@
         mAutoFocusMessage = true;
         mAutoFocusCondition.broadcast();
     }
-};
+}
 
 void CameraFuzzer::dataCallback(int32_t msgType, const sp<IMemory> & /*data*/,
                                 camera_frame_metadata_t *) {
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@
         default:
             break;
     }
-};
+}
 
 status_t CameraFuzzer::waitForPreviewStart() {
     status_t rc = NO_ERROR;
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@
     } else {
         camType = kCamType[mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeBool()];
     }
-    mCameraService->getNumberOfCameras(camType, &mNumCameras);
+    mCameraService->getNumberOfCameras(camType, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &mNumCameras);
 }
 
 void CameraFuzzer::getCameraInformation(int32_t cameraId) {
@@ -235,11 +236,13 @@
     mCameraService->getCameraVendorTagCache(&cache);
 
     CameraInfo cameraInfo;
-    mCameraService->getCameraInfo(cameraId, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &cameraInfo);
+    mCameraService->getCameraInfo(cameraId, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, kDefaultDeviceId,
+            /*devicePolicy*/0, &cameraInfo);
 
     CameraMetadata metadata;
     mCameraService->getCameraCharacteristics(cameraIdStr,
-            /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &metadata);
+            /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+            kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &metadata);
 }
 
 void CameraFuzzer::invokeCameraSound() {
@@ -321,12 +324,13 @@
     std::string cameraIdStr = std::to_string(cameraId);
     sp<IBinder> binder = new BBinder;
 
-    mCameraService->setTorchMode(cameraIdStr, true, binder);
+    mCameraService->setTorchMode(cameraIdStr, true, binder, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0);
     ALOGV("Turned torch on.");
     int32_t torchStrength = rand() % 5 + 1;
     ALOGV("Changing torch strength level to %d", torchStrength);
-    mCameraService->turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(cameraIdStr, torchStrength, binder);
-    mCameraService->setTorchMode(cameraIdStr, false, binder);
+    mCameraService->turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(cameraIdStr, torchStrength, binder,
+            kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0);
+    mCameraService->setTorchMode(cameraIdStr, false, binder, kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0);
     ALOGV("Turned torch off.");
 }
 
@@ -347,7 +351,7 @@
                                  android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_PID,
                                  /*targetSdkVersion*/ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
                                  /*overrideToPortrait*/true, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false,
-                                 &cameraDevice);
+                                 kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &cameraDevice);
     if (!rc.isOk()) {
         // camera not connected
         return;
@@ -484,20 +488,22 @@
 public:
     virtual ~TestCameraServiceListener() {};
 
-    virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t, const std::string&) {
+    virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/, const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
+            int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
     virtual binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/,
-            const std::string& /*cameraId*/, const std::string& /*physicalCameraId*/) {
+            const std::string& /*cameraId*/, const std::string& /*physicalCameraId*/,
+            int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
     virtual binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/,
-            const std::string& /*cameraId*/) {
+            const std::string& /*cameraId*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
     virtual binder::Status onCameraAccessPrioritiesChanged() {
         // No op
@@ -505,18 +511,18 @@
     }
 
     virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            const std::string& /*clientPackageName*/) {
+            const std::string& /*clientPackageName*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string& /*cameraId*/) {
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string& /*cameraId*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
     virtual binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            int32_t /*torchStrength*/) {
+            int32_t /*torchStrength*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
@@ -583,7 +589,7 @@
         mCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, s.cameraId, std::string(), {},
                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
                 /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/true,
-                &device);
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &device);
         if (device == nullptr) {
             continue;
         }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraPermissionsTest.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraPermissionsTest.cpp
index db43a02..30b4691 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraPermissionsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraPermissionsTest.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
+
 #include "../CameraService.h"
 #include "../utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 
@@ -35,22 +37,23 @@
 // Empty service listener.
 class TestCameraServiceListener : public hardware::BnCameraServiceListener {
 public:
-    virtual ~TestCameraServiceListener() {};
+    virtual ~TestCameraServiceListener() {}
 
-    virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t , const std::string&) {
+    virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t , const std::string&, int32_t) {
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
     virtual binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/,
-            const std::string& /*cameraId*/, const std::string& /*physicalCameraId*/) {
+            const std::string& /*cameraId*/, const std::string& /*physicalCameraId*/,
+            int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
     virtual binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/,
-            const std::string& /*cameraId*/) {
+            const std::string& /*cameraId*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         return binder::Status::ok();
-    };
+    }
 
     virtual binder::Status onCameraAccessPrioritiesChanged() {
         // No op
@@ -58,18 +61,18 @@
     }
 
     virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            const std::string& /*clientPackageName*/) {
+            const std::string& /*clientPackageName*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string& /*cameraId*/) {
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const std::string& /*cameraId*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
 
     virtual binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(const std::string& /*cameraId*/,
-            int32_t /*torchStrength*/) {
+            int32_t /*torchStrength*/, int32_t /*deviceId*/) {
         // No op
         return binder::Status::ok();
     }
@@ -227,7 +230,8 @@
         binder::Status status =
                 sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, s.cameraId, std::string(), {},
                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &device);
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &device);
         AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnect(device);
         ASSERT_TRUE(!status.isOk()) << "connectDevice returned OK status";
         ASSERT_EQ(status.serviceSpecificErrorCode(), hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_DISABLED)
@@ -241,7 +245,8 @@
         binder::Status status =
                 sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, s.cameraId, std::string(), {},
                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &device);
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &device);
         AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnect(device);
         ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     }
@@ -260,14 +265,16 @@
         binder::Status status =
                 sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, s.cameraId, std::string(), {},
                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &deviceA);
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &deviceA);
         AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectA(deviceA);
         ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
                 " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
         status =
                 sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, s.cameraId, std::string(), {},
                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &deviceB);
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &deviceB);
         AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectB(deviceB);
         ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
                 " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
@@ -288,14 +295,16 @@
         binder::Status status =
                 sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, s.cameraId, std::string(), {},
                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &deviceA);
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &deviceA);
         AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectA(deviceA);
         ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
                 " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
         status =
                 sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, s.cameraId, std::string(), {},
                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 1/*oomScoreDiff*/,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &deviceB);
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/false,
+                kDefaultDeviceId, /*devicePolicy*/0, &deviceB);
         AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectB(deviceB);
         ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
                 " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a27087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper"
+
+#include <android_companion_virtualdevice_flags.h>
+#include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
+
+#include "VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+namespace vd_flags = android::companion::virtualdevice::flags;
+
+void VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper::addCamera(const std::string& cameraId,
+        int32_t deviceId, const std::string& mappedCameraId) {
+    if (!vd_flags::camera_device_awareness()) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Device-aware camera feature is not enabled", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (deviceId == kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Not adding entry for a camera of the default device", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALOGD("%s: Adding camera %s for device %d with mapped id %s", __func__, cameraId.c_str(),
+          deviceId, mappedCameraId.c_str());
+
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap[{deviceId, mappedCameraId}] = cameraId;
+}
+
+void VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper::removeCamera(const std::string& cameraId) {
+    if (!vd_flags::camera_device_awareness()) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Device-aware camera feature is not enabled", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    for (auto it = mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap.begin();
+         it != mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap.end(); ++it) {
+        if (it->first.second == cameraId) {
+            mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap.erase(it);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::optional<std::string> VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper::getActualCameraId(
+        int32_t deviceId, const std::string& mappedCameraId) const {
+    if (deviceId == kDefaultDeviceId) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Returning the camera id as the mapped camera id for camera %s, as it "
+              "belongs to the default device", __func__, mappedCameraId.c_str());
+        return mappedCameraId;
+    }
+
+    if (!vd_flags::camera_device_awareness()) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Device-aware camera feature is not enabled, returning the camera id as "
+              "the mapped camera id for camera %s", __func__, mappedCameraId.c_str());
+        return mappedCameraId;
+    }
+
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    auto iterator = mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap.find(
+            {deviceId, mappedCameraId});
+    if (iterator == mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap.end()) {
+        ALOGW("%s: No entry found for device id %d and mapped camera id %s", __func__,
+              deviceId, mappedCameraId.c_str());
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return iterator->second;
+}
+
+std::pair<int32_t, std::string> VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper::getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(
+        const std::string& cameraId) const {
+    if (!vd_flags::camera_device_awareness()) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Device-aware camera feature is not enabled", __func__);
+        return std::make_pair(kDefaultDeviceId, cameraId);
+    }
+
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    for (const auto& [deviceIdMappedCameraIdPair, actualCameraId]
+            : mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap) {
+        if (actualCameraId == cameraId) {
+            return deviceIdMappedCameraIdPair;
+        }
+    }
+    ALOGD("%s: No device id and mapped camera id found for camera id %s, so it must belong "
+          "to the default device", __func__, cameraId.c_str());
+    return std::make_pair(kDefaultDeviceId, cameraId);
+}
+
+int VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper::getNumberOfCameras(int32_t deviceId) const {
+    if (!vd_flags::camera_device_awareness()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int numOfCameras = 0;
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    for (const auto& [deviceIdMappedCameraIdPair, _]
+            : mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap) {
+        if (deviceIdMappedCameraIdPair.first == deviceId) {
+            numOfCameras++;
+        }
+    }
+    return numOfCameras;
+}
+
+std::optional<std::string> VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper::getActualCameraId(
+        int api1CameraId, int32_t deviceId) const {
+    if (!vd_flags::camera_device_awareness()) {
+        ALOGD("%s: Device-aware camera feature is not enabled", __func__);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    int matchingCameraIndex = 0;
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+    for (const auto& [deviceIdMappedCameraIdPair, actualCameraId]
+            : mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap) {
+        if (deviceIdMappedCameraIdPair.first == deviceId) {
+            if (matchingCameraIndex == api1CameraId) {
+                return actualCameraId;
+            }
+            matchingCameraIndex++;
+        }
+    }
+    ALOGW("%s: No entry found for device id %d and API 1 camera id %d", __func__,
+          deviceId, api1CameraId);
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96c0cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_VIRTUAL_DEVICE_CAMERA_ID_MAPPER_H
+#define ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_VIRTUAL_DEVICE_CAMERA_ID_MAPPER_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper {
+public:
+    VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper() {}
+
+    virtual ~VirtualDeviceCameraIdMapper() {}
+
+    void addCamera(const std::string& cameraId, int32_t deviceId,
+            const std::string& mappedCameraId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+    void removeCamera(const std::string& cameraId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+    /**
+     * Return the actual camera id for a given device id (i.e., the id of the device owning
+     * the camera, for a virtual camera this would be the id of the virtual device, and for
+     * any other cameras this would be default device id, i.e., 0) and mapped camera
+     * id (for virtual devices, the back and front virtual cameras of that device would have
+     * 0 and 1 respectively as their mapped camera id, and for any other cameras this
+     * would be their actual camera id). When the camera device awareness flag is disabled,
+     * this will return the given camera id itself.
+     */
+    std::optional<std::string> getActualCameraId(int32_t deviceId,
+            const std::string& mappedCameraId) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+    /**
+     * Return the device id (i.e., the id of the device owning the camera, for a virtual
+     * camera this would be the id of the virtual device, and for any other cameras this
+     * would be default device id, i.e., 0) and the mapped camera id (for virtual
+     * devices, the back and front virtual cameras of that device would have 0 and 1
+     * respectively as their mapped camera id, and for any other cameras this would
+     * be their actual camera id) for a given camera id. When the camera device awareness flag is
+     * disabled, this will return a pair of kDefaultDeviceId and the given cameraId.
+     */
+    std::pair<int32_t, std::string> getDeviceIdAndMappedCameraIdPair(
+            const std::string& cameraId) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+    /**
+     * Return the number of virtual cameras corresponding to the legacy camera API
+     * getNumberOfCameras. When the camera device awareness flag is disabled, this will return 0.
+     */
+    int getNumberOfCameras(int32_t deviceId) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+    /**
+     * Return the actual camera id corresponding to the virtual camera with the given API 1 camera
+     * id. When the camera device awareness flag is disabled, this will return std::nullopt.
+     */
+    std::optional<std::string> getActualCameraId(int api1CameraId, int32_t deviceId)
+            const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+private:
+    mutable std::mutex mLock;
+
+    // Map of (deviceId, app-visible cameraId) -> HAL-visible cameraId
+    std::map<std::pair<int32_t, std::string>, std::string>
+            mDeviceIdMappedCameraIdPairToCameraIdMap GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_VIRTUAL_DEVICE_CAMERA_ID_MAPPER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc
index a5301e5..852ae2a 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc
@@ -214,7 +214,8 @@
 // TODO(b/301023410) - Populate camera characteristics according to camera configuration.
 std::optional<CameraMetadata> initCameraCharacteristics(
     const std::vector<SupportedStreamConfiguration>& supportedInputConfig,
-    const SensorOrientation sensorOrientation, const LensFacing lensFacing) {
+    const SensorOrientation sensorOrientation, const LensFacing lensFacing,
+    const int32_t deviceId) {
   if (!std::all_of(supportedInputConfig.begin(), supportedInputConfig.end(),
                    [](const SupportedStreamConfiguration& config) {
                      return isFormatSupportedForInput(
@@ -229,6 +230,7 @@
       MetadataBuilder()
           .setSupportedHardwareLevel(
               ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_EXTERNAL)
+          .setDeviceId(deviceId)
           .setFlashAvailable(false)
           .setLensFacing(
               static_cast<camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing>(lensFacing))
@@ -389,13 +391,14 @@
 }  // namespace
 
 VirtualCameraDevice::VirtualCameraDevice(
-    const uint32_t cameraId, const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration)
+    const uint32_t cameraId, const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration,
+    int32_t deviceId)
     : mCameraId(cameraId),
       mVirtualCameraClientCallback(configuration.virtualCameraCallback),
       mSupportedInputConfigurations(configuration.supportedStreamConfigs) {
   std::optional<CameraMetadata> metadata = initCameraCharacteristics(
       mSupportedInputConfigurations, configuration.sensorOrientation,
-      configuration.lensFacing);
+      configuration.lensFacing, deviceId);
   if (metadata.has_value()) {
     mCameraCharacteristics = *metadata;
   } else {
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h
index 0aebf6e..cba0674 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@
   explicit VirtualCameraDevice(
       uint32_t cameraId,
       const aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
-          configuration);
+          configuration,
+      int32_t deviceId);
 
   virtual ~VirtualCameraDevice() override = default;
 
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc
index eed3e85..67eaec0 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc
@@ -150,15 +150,16 @@
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraProvider::createCamera(
-    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration, const int cameraId) {
+    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration, const int cameraId,
+    const int32_t deviceId) {
   if (cameraId < 0) {
     ALOGE("%s: Cannot create camera with negative id. cameraId: %d", __func__,
           cameraId);
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  auto camera =
-      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(cameraId, configuration);
+  auto camera = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(
+      cameraId, configuration, deviceId);
   std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback> callback;
   {
     const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h
index c1283a0..c536547 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> createCamera(
       const aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
           configuration,
-      int cameraId);
+      int cameraId, int32_t deviceId);
 
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> getCamera(const std::string& name);
 
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc
index 27873e7..5e3a6d9 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
 constexpr int kVgaWidth = 640;
 constexpr int kVgaHeight = 480;
 constexpr int kMaxFps = 60;
+constexpr int kDefaultDeviceId = 0;
 constexpr char kEnableTestCameraCmd[] = "enable_test_camera";
 constexpr char kDisableTestCameraCmd[] = "disable_test_camera";
 constexpr char kHelp[] = "help";
@@ -186,14 +187,15 @@
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraService::registerCamera(
     const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
-    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration, bool* _aidl_return) {
-  return registerCamera(token, configuration, sNextId++, _aidl_return);
+    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration, const int32_t deviceId,
+    bool* _aidl_return) {
+  return registerCamera(token, configuration, sNextId++, deviceId, _aidl_return);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraService::registerCamera(
     const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
     const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration, const int cameraId,
-    bool* _aidl_return) {
+    const int32_t deviceId, bool* _aidl_return) {
   if (!mPermissionProxy.checkCallingPermission(kCreateVirtualDevicePermission)) {
     ALOGE("%s: caller (pid %d, uid %d) doesn't hold %s permission", __func__,
           getpid(), getuid(), kCreateVirtualDevicePermission);
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@
   }
 
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
-      mVirtualCameraProvider->createCamera(configuration, cameraId);
+      mVirtualCameraProvider->createCamera(configuration, cameraId, deviceId);
   if (camera == nullptr) {
     ALOGE("Failed to create camera for binder token 0x%" PRIxPTR,
           reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
@@ -389,7 +391,7 @@
                                                   .maxFps = kMaxFps});
   configuration.lensFacing = lensFacing.value_or(LensFacing::EXTERNAL);
   registerCamera(mTestCameraToken, configuration, cameraId.value_or(sNextId++),
-                 &ret);
+                 kDefaultDeviceId, &ret);
   if (ret) {
     dprintf(out, "Successfully registered test camera %s\n",
             getCamera(mTestCameraToken)->getCameraName().c_str());
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h
index 0b80514..63a8c9d 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@
       const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
       const ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
           configuration,
-      bool* _aidl_return) override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+      int32_t deviceId, bool* _aidl_return) override EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
   // Register camera corresponding to the binder token.
   ndk::ScopedAStatus registerCamera(
       const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
       const ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
           configuration,
-      int cameraId, bool* _aidl_return) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+      int cameraId, int32_t deviceId, bool* _aidl_return) EXCLUDES(mLock);
 
   // Unregisters camera corresponding to the binder token.
   ndk::ScopedAStatus unregisterCamera(const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token) override
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl
index bb74f5c..1bd99be 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
      * Registers a new camera with the virtual camera hal.
      * @return true if the camera was successfully registered
      */
-    boolean registerCamera(in IBinder token, in VirtualCameraConfiguration configuration);
+    boolean registerCamera(in IBinder token, in VirtualCameraConfiguration configuration,
+            int deviceId);
 
     /**
      * Unregisters the camera from the virtual camera hal. After this call the virtual camera won't
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc
index ad9d83b..5c9b3b9 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 constexpr int kHdWidth = 1280;
 constexpr int kHdHeight = 720;
 constexpr int kMaxFps = 30;
+constexpr int kDefaultDeviceId = 0;
 
 const Stream kVgaYUV420Stream = Stream{
     .streamType = StreamType::OUTPUT,
@@ -137,8 +138,8 @@
        cameraCharacteristicsForInputFormat) {
   const VirtualCameraConfigTestParam& param = GetParam();
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
-      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(kCameraId,
-                                                    param.inputConfig);
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(
+          kCameraId, param.inputConfig, kDefaultDeviceId);
 
   CameraMetadata metadata;
   ASSERT_TRUE(camera->getCameraCharacteristics(&metadata).isOk());
@@ -293,15 +294,17 @@
  public:
   void SetUp() override {
     mCamera = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(
-        kCameraId, VirtualCameraConfiguration{
-                       .supportedStreamConfigs = {SupportedStreamConfiguration{
-                           .width = kVgaWidth,
-                           .height = kVgaHeight,
-                           .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
-                           .maxFps = kMaxFps}},
-                       .virtualCameraCallback = nullptr,
-                       .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
-                       .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT});
+        kCameraId,
+        VirtualCameraConfiguration{
+            .supportedStreamConfigs = {SupportedStreamConfiguration{
+                .width = kVgaWidth,
+                .height = kVgaHeight,
+                .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
+                .maxFps = kMaxFps}},
+            .virtualCameraCallback = nullptr,
+            .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
+            .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT},
+        kDefaultDeviceId);
   }
 
  protected:
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc
index cd64ca5..f1b2a92 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 constexpr int kVgaHeight = 480;
 constexpr int kMaxFps = 30;
 constexpr int kCameraId = 9999;
+constexpr int kDefaultDeviceId = 0;
 constexpr char kVirtualCameraNameRegex[] =
     "device@[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+/virtual/[0-9]+";
 
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
-      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId);
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
   EXPECT_THAT(camera, Not(IsNull()));
   EXPECT_THAT(camera->getCameraName(), MatchesRegex(kVirtualCameraNameRegex));
 
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@
       .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
 
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
-      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId);
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
   ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
 
   // Created camera should be in the list of cameras.
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@
 TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, RemoveCamera) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
-      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId);
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
 
   EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback,
               cameraDeviceStatusChange(Eq(camera->getCameraName()),
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@
 TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, RemoveNonExistingCamera) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
-      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId);
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig, kCameraId, kDefaultDeviceId);
 
   // Removing non-existing camera should fail.
   const std::string cameraName = "DefinitelyNoTCamera";
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc
index 16f40ff..01f2b8c 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 constexpr SensorOrientation kSensorOrientation =
     SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0;
 constexpr LensFacing kLensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT;
+constexpr int kDefaultDeviceId = 0;
 constexpr char kCreateVirtualDevicePermissions[] =
     "android.permission.CREATE_VIRTUAL_DEVICE";
 
@@ -131,8 +132,8 @@
     bool aidlRet;
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
-                    ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken,
-                                     mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+                    ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration,
+                                     kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
                     .isOk());
     ASSERT_TRUE(aidlRet);
   }
@@ -196,10 +197,10 @@
   ndk::SpAIBinder ndkToken(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(token));
   bool aidlRet;
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      mCameraService
-          ->registerCamera(ndkToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration, &aidlRet)
-          .isOk());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
+                  ->registerCamera(ndkToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration,
+                                   kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
+                  .isOk());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), SizeIs(1));
@@ -213,7 +214,9 @@
   VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
       createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::RGBA_8888, kMaxFps);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService->registerCamera(ndkToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
+                  ->registerCamera(ndkToken, config, kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
+                  .isOk());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), SizeIs(1));
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
                   ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration,
-                                   &aidlRet)
+                                   kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
                   .isOk());
   EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), SizeIs(1));
@@ -236,7 +239,8 @@
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(mCameraService
                    ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken,
-                                    kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+                                    kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration,
+                                    kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
                    .isOk());
   EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
@@ -249,7 +253,9 @@
       createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::UNKNOWN, kMaxFps);
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(
-      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+      mCameraService
+          ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
+          .isOk());
   EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
 }
@@ -260,7 +266,9 @@
       createConfiguration(1000000, 1000000, Format::YUV_420_888, kMaxFps);
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(
-      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+      mCameraService
+          ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
+          .isOk());
   EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
 }
@@ -271,7 +279,9 @@
       createConfiguration(-1, kVgaHeight, Format::YUV_420_888, kMaxFps);
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(
-      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+      mCameraService
+          ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
+          .isOk());
   EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
 }
@@ -282,7 +292,9 @@
       createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::YUV_420_888, 0);
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(
-      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+      mCameraService
+          ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
+          .isOk());
   EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
 }
@@ -293,7 +305,9 @@
       createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::YUV_420_888, 90);
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(
-      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+      mCameraService
+          ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
+          .isOk());
   EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
   EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
 }
@@ -327,7 +341,7 @@
 
   EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService
                   ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration,
-                                   &aidlRet)
+                                   kDefaultDeviceId, &aidlRet)
                   .getExceptionCode(),
               Eq(EX_SECURITY));
 }
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc
index 5f313a0..671e031 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 constexpr int kStreamId = 0;
 constexpr int kSecondStreamId = 1;
 constexpr int kCameraId = 42;
+constexpr int kDefaultDeviceId = 0;
 
 using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::BnVirtualCameraCallback;
 using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
@@ -160,7 +161,8 @@
                                            .maxFps = kMaxFps}},
             .virtualCameraCallback = mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback,
             .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
-            .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT});
+            .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT},
+        kDefaultDeviceId);
     mVirtualCameraSession = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraSession>(
         mVirtualCameraDevice, mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
         mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback);
@@ -305,11 +307,13 @@
   std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraSession> createSession(
       const std::vector<SupportedStreamConfiguration>& supportedInputConfigs) {
     mVirtualCameraDevice = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(
-        kCameraId, VirtualCameraConfiguration{
-                       .supportedStreamConfigs = supportedInputConfigs,
-                       .virtualCameraCallback = mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback,
-                       .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
-                       .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT});
+        kCameraId,
+        VirtualCameraConfiguration{
+            .supportedStreamConfigs = supportedInputConfigs,
+            .virtualCameraCallback = mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback,
+            .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
+            .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT},
+        kDefaultDeviceId);
     return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraSession>(
         mVirtualCameraDevice, mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
         mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback);
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.cc
index 822862b..4eeff67 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.cc
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.cc
@@ -67,6 +67,11 @@
   return *this;
 }
 
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setDeviceId(int32_t deviceId) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_INFO_DEVICE_ID] = std::vector<int32_t>({deviceId});
+  return *this;
+}
+
 MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setFlashAvailable(bool flashAvailable) {
   const uint8_t metadataVal = flashAvailable
                                   ? ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE_TRUE
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.h
index cee867e..4d2500b 100644
--- a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.h
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataUtil.h
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@
   MetadataBuilder& setSupportedHardwareLevel(
       camera_metadata_enum_android_info_supported_hardware_level_t hwLevel);
 
+  // See ANDROID_INFO_DEVICE_ID in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setDeviceId(int32_t deviceId);
+
   // Whether this camera device has a flash unit
   // See ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
   MetadataBuilder& setFlashAvailable(bool flashAvailable);