diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp
index c69f74b..d433a4d 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp
@@ -629,15 +629,16 @@
                 sp<MetaData> audioMeta = mSource->getFormatMeta(true /* audio */);
                 sp<AMessage> videoFormat = mSource->getFormat(false /* audio */);
                 audio_stream_type_t streamType = mAudioSink->getAudioStreamType();
-                bool canOffload = canOffloadStream(audioMeta, (videoFormat != NULL),
-                         true /* is_streaming */, streamType);
+                const bool hasVideo = (videoFormat != NULL);
+                const bool canOffload = canOffloadStream(
+                        audioMeta, hasVideo, true /* is_streaming */, streamType);
                 if (canOffload) {
                     if (!mOffloadAudio) {
                         mRenderer->signalEnableOffloadAudio();
                     }
                     // open audio sink early under offload mode.
                     sp<AMessage> format = mSource->getFormat(true /*audio*/);
-                    openAudioSink(format, true /*offloadOnly*/);
+                    tryOpenAudioSinkForOffload(format, hasVideo);
                 }
                 instantiateDecoder(true, &mAudioDecoder);
             }
@@ -774,6 +775,8 @@
                 // Decoder errors can be due to Source (e.g. from streaming),
                 // or from decoding corrupted bitstreams, or from other decoder
                 // MediaCodec operations (e.g. from an ongoing reset or seek).
+                // They may also be due to openAudioSink failure at
+                // decoder start or after a format change.
                 //
                 // We try to gracefully shut down the affected decoder if possible,
                 // rather than trying to force the shutdown with something
@@ -1146,28 +1149,16 @@
     mScanSourcesPending = true;
 }
 
-void NuPlayer::openAudioSink(const sp<AMessage> &format, bool offloadOnly) {
-    uint32_t flags;
-    int64_t durationUs;
-    bool hasVideo = (mVideoDecoder != NULL);
-    // FIXME: we should handle the case where the video decoder
-    // is created after we receive the format change indication.
-    // Current code will just make that we select deep buffer
-    // with video which should not be a problem as it should
-    // not prevent from keeping A/V sync.
-    if (!hasVideo &&
-            mSource->getDuration(&durationUs) == OK &&
-            durationUs
-                > AUDIO_SINK_MIN_DEEP_BUFFER_DURATION_US) {
-        flags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DEEP_BUFFER;
-    } else {
-        flags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE;
-    }
+void NuPlayer::tryOpenAudioSinkForOffload(const sp<AMessage> &format, bool hasVideo) {
+    // Note: This is called early in NuPlayer to determine whether offloading
+    // is possible; otherwise the decoders call the renderer openAudioSink directly.
 
-    mOffloadAudio = mRenderer->openAudioSink(
-            format, offloadOnly, hasVideo, flags);
-
-    if (mOffloadAudio) {
+    status_t err = mRenderer->openAudioSink(
+            format, true /* offloadOnly */, hasVideo, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE, &mOffloadAudio);
+    if (err != OK) {
+        // Any failure we turn off mOffloadAudio.
+        mOffloadAudio = false;
+    } else if (mOffloadAudio) {
         sp<MetaData> audioMeta =
                 mSource->getFormatMeta(true /* audio */);
         sendMetaDataToHal(mAudioSink, audioMeta);
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.h
index 6be38a4..1569816 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.h
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
         mFlushComplete[1][1] = false;
     }
 
-    void openAudioSink(const sp<AMessage> &format, bool offloadOnly);
+    void tryOpenAudioSinkForOffload(const sp<AMessage> &format, bool hasVideo);
     void closeAudioSink();
 
     status_t instantiateDecoder(bool audio, sp<DecoderBase> *decoder);
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp
index 012d33e..6ad28b5 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
         const sp<Renderer> &renderer,
         const sp<NativeWindowWrapper> &nativeWindow,
         const sp<CCDecoder> &ccDecoder)
-    : mNotify(notify),
+    : DecoderBase(notify),
       mNativeWindow(nativeWindow),
       mSource(source),
       mRenderer(renderer),
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
       mIsVideoAVC(false),
       mIsSecure(false),
       mFormatChangePending(false),
-      mBufferGeneration(0),
       mPaused(true),
       mResumePending(false),
       mComponentName("decoder") {
@@ -336,20 +335,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-void NuPlayer::Decoder::handleError(int32_t err)
-{
-    // We cannot immediately release the codec due to buffers still outstanding
-    // in the renderer.  We signal to the player the error so it can shutdown/release the
-    // decoder after flushing and increment the generation to discard unnecessary messages.
-
-    ++mBufferGeneration;
-
-    sp<AMessage> notify = mNotify->dup();
-    notify->setInt32("what", kWhatError);
-    notify->setInt32("err", err);
-    notify->post();
-}
-
 bool NuPlayer::Decoder::handleAnInputBuffer() {
     if (mFormatChangePending) {
         return false;
@@ -462,8 +447,14 @@
                 flags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE;
             }
 
-            mRenderer->openAudioSink(
-                    format, false /* offloadOnly */, hasVideo, flags);
+            res = mRenderer->openAudioSink(
+                    format, false /* offloadOnly */, hasVideo, flags, NULL /* isOffloaded */);
+            if (res != OK) {
+                ALOGE("Failed to open AudioSink on format change for %s (err=%d)",
+                        mComponentName.c_str(), res);
+                handleError(res);
+                return false;
+            }
         }
         return true;
     } else if (res == INFO_DISCONTINUITY) {
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.h
index 2c08f0d..1bfa94f 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.h
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
         kWhatRenderBuffer        = 'rndr',
     };
 
-    sp<AMessage> mNotify;
     sp<NativeWindowWrapper> mNativeWindow;
 
     sp<Source> mSource;
@@ -83,12 +82,10 @@
     bool mIsSecure;
     bool mFormatChangePending;
 
-    int32_t mBufferGeneration;
     bool mPaused;
     bool mResumePending;
     AString mComponentName;
 
-    void handleError(int32_t err);
     bool handleAnInputBuffer();
     bool handleAnOutputBuffer();
 
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.cpp
index 4164350..d56fc4d 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,10 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-NuPlayer::DecoderBase::DecoderBase()
-    : mRequestInputBuffersPending(false) {
+NuPlayer::DecoderBase::DecoderBase(const sp<AMessage> &notify)
+    :  mNotify(notify),
+       mBufferGeneration(0),
+       mRequestInputBuffersPending(false) {
     // Every decoder has its own looper because MediaCodec operations
     // are blocking, but NuPlayer needs asynchronous operations.
     mDecoderLooper = new ALooper;
@@ -180,5 +182,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+void NuPlayer::DecoderBase::handleError(int32_t err)
+{
+    // We cannot immediately release the codec due to buffers still outstanding
+    // in the renderer.  We signal to the player the error so it can shutdown/release the
+    // decoder after flushing and increment the generation to discard unnecessary messages.
+
+    ++mBufferGeneration;
+
+    sp<AMessage> notify = mNotify->dup();
+    notify->setInt32("what", kWhatError);
+    notify->setInt32("err", err);
+    notify->post();
+}
+
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.h
index 5feb6a1..6732ff4 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderBase.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 struct MediaBuffer;
 
 struct NuPlayer::DecoderBase : public AHandler {
-    DecoderBase();
+    DecoderBase(const sp<AMessage> &notify);
 
     void configure(const sp<AMessage> &format);
     void init();
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@
     void onRequestInputBuffers();
     void scheduleRequestBuffers();
     virtual void doRequestBuffers() = 0;
+    virtual void handleError(int32_t err);
+
+    sp<AMessage> mNotify;
+    int32_t mBufferGeneration;
 
 private:
     enum {
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.cpp
index 79b7a3c..9f7f09a 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.cpp
@@ -43,12 +43,11 @@
         const sp<AMessage> &notify,
         const sp<Source> &source,
         const sp<Renderer> &renderer)
-    : mNotify(notify),
+    : DecoderBase(notify),
       mSource(source),
       mRenderer(renderer),
       mSkipRenderingUntilMediaTimeUs(-1ll),
       mPaused(false),
-      mBufferGeneration(0),
       mReachedEOS(true),
       mPendingAudioErr(OK),
       mPendingBuffersToDrain(0),
@@ -75,17 +74,15 @@
 
     onRequestInputBuffers();
 
-    uint32_t flags;
-    int64_t durationUs;
-    if (mSource->getDuration(&durationUs) == OK &&
-            durationUs > AUDIO_SINK_MIN_DEEP_BUFFER_DURATION_US) {
-        flags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DEEP_BUFFER;
-    } else {
-        flags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE;
+    // The audio sink is already opened before the PassThrough decoder is created.
+    // Opening again might be relevant if decoder is instantiated after shutdown and
+    // format is different.
+    status_t err = mRenderer->openAudioSink(
+            format, true /* offloadOnly */, false /* hasVideo */,
+            AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE /* flags */, NULL /* isOffloaded */);
+    if (err != OK) {
+        handleError(err);
     }
-
-    mRenderer->openAudioSink(
-            format, true /* offloadOnly */, false /* hasVideo */, flags);
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::DecoderPassThrough::onSetRenderer(
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.h
index 37b28c8..a6e1faf 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoderPassThrough.h
@@ -52,13 +52,11 @@
         kWhatBufferConsumed     = 'bufC',
     };
 
-    sp<AMessage> mNotify;
     sp<Source> mSource;
     sp<Renderer> mRenderer;
     int64_t mSkipRenderingUntilMediaTimeUs;
     bool mPaused;
 
-    int32_t mBufferGeneration;
     bool    mReachedEOS;
 
     // Used by feedDecoderInputData to aggregate small buffers into
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp
index f7d30a8..a1e1aec 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp
@@ -250,11 +250,12 @@
     mPauseStartedTimeRealUs = realUs;
 }
 
-bool NuPlayer::Renderer::openAudioSink(
+status_t NuPlayer::Renderer::openAudioSink(
         const sp<AMessage> &format,
         bool offloadOnly,
         bool hasVideo,
-        uint32_t flags) {
+        uint32_t flags,
+        bool *isOffloaded) {
     sp<AMessage> msg = new AMessage(kWhatOpenAudioSink, id());
     msg->setMessage("format", format);
     msg->setInt32("offload-only", offloadOnly);
@@ -264,9 +265,15 @@
     sp<AMessage> response;
     msg->postAndAwaitResponse(&response);
 
-    int32_t offload;
-    CHECK(response->findInt32("offload", &offload));
-    return (offload != 0);
+    int32_t err;
+    if (!response->findInt32("err", &err)) {
+        err = INVALID_OPERATION;
+    } else if (err == OK && isOffloaded != NULL) {
+        int32_t offload;
+        CHECK(response->findInt32("offload", &offload));
+        *isOffloaded = (offload != 0);
+    }
+    return err;
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::Renderer::closeAudioSink() {
@@ -292,10 +299,11 @@
             uint32_t flags;
             CHECK(msg->findInt32("flags", (int32_t *)&flags));
 
-            bool offload = onOpenAudioSink(format, offloadOnly, hasVideo, flags);
+            status_t err = onOpenAudioSink(format, offloadOnly, hasVideo, flags);
 
             sp<AMessage> response = new AMessage;
-            response->setInt32("offload", offload);
+            response->setInt32("err", err);
+            response->setInt32("offload", offloadingAudio());
 
             uint32_t replyID;
             CHECK(msg->senderAwaitsResponse(&replyID));
@@ -651,8 +659,9 @@
 
         ssize_t written = mAudioSink->write(entry->mBuffer->data() + entry->mOffset, copy);
         if (written < 0) {
-            // An error in AudioSink write is fatal here.
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("AudioSink write error(%zd) when writing %zu bytes", written, copy);
+            // An error in AudioSink write. Perhaps the AudioSink was not properly opened.
+            ALOGE("AudioSink write error(%zd) when writing %zu bytes", written, copy);
+            break;
         }
 
         entry->mOffset += written;
@@ -1321,7 +1330,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool NuPlayer::Renderer::onOpenAudioSink(
+status_t NuPlayer::Renderer::onOpenAudioSink(
         const sp<AMessage> &format,
         bool offloadOnly,
         bool hasVideo,
@@ -1383,7 +1392,7 @@
             if (memcmp(&mCurrentOffloadInfo, &offloadInfo, sizeof(offloadInfo)) == 0) {
                 ALOGV("openAudioSink: no change in offload mode");
                 // no change from previous configuration, everything ok.
-                return offloadingAudio();
+                return OK;
             }
             ALOGV("openAudioSink: try to open AudioSink in offload mode");
             uint32_t offloadFlags = flags;
@@ -1429,7 +1438,7 @@
         audioSinkChanged = true;
         mAudioSink->close();
         mCurrentOffloadInfo = AUDIO_INFO_INITIALIZER;
-        CHECK_EQ(mAudioSink->open(
+        status_t err = mAudioSink->open(
                     sampleRate,
                     numChannels,
                     (audio_channel_mask_t)channelMask,
@@ -1437,8 +1446,11 @@
                     8 /* bufferCount */,
                     NULL,
                     NULL,
-                    (audio_output_flags_t)pcmFlags),
-                 (status_t)OK);
+                    (audio_output_flags_t)pcmFlags);
+        if (err != OK) {
+            ALOGW("openAudioSink: non offloaded open failed status: %d", err);
+            return err;
+        }
         mAudioSink->start();
     }
     if (audioSinkChanged) {
@@ -1447,8 +1459,7 @@
     if (offloadingAudio()) {
         mAudioOffloadTornDown = false;
     }
-
-    return offloadingAudio();
+    return OK;
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::Renderer::onCloseAudioSink() {
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h
index 14ae924..406c64c 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h
@@ -73,11 +73,12 @@
     int64_t getVideoLateByUs();
     void setPauseStartedTimeRealUs(int64_t realUs);
 
-    bool openAudioSink(
+    status_t openAudioSink(
             const sp<AMessage> &format,
             bool offloadOnly,
             bool hasVideo,
-            uint32_t flags);
+            uint32_t flags,
+            bool *isOffloaded);
     void closeAudioSink();
 
     enum {
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@
     void onResume();
     void onSetVideoFrameRate(float fps);
     void onAudioOffloadTearDown(AudioOffloadTearDownReason reason);
-    bool onOpenAudioSink(
+    status_t onOpenAudioSink(
             const sp<AMessage> &format,
             bool offloadOnly,
             bool hasVideo,
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp
index 52ae9ee..0282a9f 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
       mState(DISCONNECTED),
       mFinalResult(OK),
       mDisconnectReplyID(0),
-      mBuffering(true),
+      mBuffering(false),
       mSeekGeneration(0),
       mEOSTimeoutAudio(0),
       mEOSTimeoutVideo(0) {
@@ -106,9 +106,7 @@
         mHandler->connect();
     }
 
-    sp<AMessage> notifyStart = dupNotify();
-    notifyStart->setInt32("what", kWhatBufferingStart);
-    notifyStart->post();
+    startBufferingIfNecessary();
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::start() {
@@ -144,6 +142,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t NuPlayer::RTSPSource::feedMoreTSData() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mBufferingLock);
     return mFinalResult;
 }
 
@@ -195,16 +194,8 @@
 
 status_t NuPlayer::RTSPSource::dequeueAccessUnit(
         bool audio, sp<ABuffer> *accessUnit) {
-    if (mBuffering) {
-        if (!haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks()) {
-            return -EWOULDBLOCK;
-        }
-
-        mBuffering = false;
-
-        sp<AMessage> notify = dupNotify();
-        notify->setInt32("what", kWhatBufferingEnd);
-        notify->post();
+    if (!stopBufferingIfNecessary()) {
+        return -EWOULDBLOCK;
     }
 
     sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(audio);
@@ -246,11 +237,7 @@
             if (!(otherSource != NULL && otherSource->isFinished(mediaDurationUs))) {
                 // We should not enter buffering mode
                 // if any of the sources already have detected EOS.
-                mBuffering = true;
-
-                sp<AMessage> notify = dupNotify();
-                notify->setInt32("what", kWhatBufferingStart);
-                notify->post();
+                startBufferingIfNecessary();
             }
 
             return -EWOULDBLOCK;
@@ -630,7 +617,7 @@
         }
 
         mState = DISCONNECTED;
-        mFinalResult = err;
+        setError(err);
 
         if (mDisconnectReplyID != 0) {
             finishDisconnectIfPossible();
@@ -657,7 +644,7 @@
     }
 
     mState = DISCONNECTED;
-    mFinalResult = err;
+    setError(err);
 
     if (mDisconnectReplyID != 0) {
         finishDisconnectIfPossible();
@@ -678,4 +665,40 @@
     mDisconnectReplyID = 0;
 }
 
+void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::setError(status_t err) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mBufferingLock);
+    mFinalResult = err;
+}
+
+void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::startBufferingIfNecessary() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mBufferingLock);
+
+    if (!mBuffering) {
+        mBuffering = true;
+
+        sp<AMessage> notify = dupNotify();
+        notify->setInt32("what", kWhatBufferingStart);
+        notify->post();
+    }
+}
+
+bool NuPlayer::RTSPSource::stopBufferingIfNecessary() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mBufferingLock);
+
+    if (mBuffering) {
+        if (!haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        mBuffering = false;
+
+        sp<AMessage> notify = dupNotify();
+        notify->setInt32("what", kWhatBufferingEnd);
+        notify->post();
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h
index f1cae53..ac3299a 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
     State mState;
     status_t mFinalResult;
     uint32_t mDisconnectReplyID;
+    Mutex mBufferingLock;
     bool mBuffering;
 
     sp<ALooper> mLooper;
@@ -126,6 +127,9 @@
     bool haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks();
 
     void setEOSTimeout(bool audio, int64_t timeout);
+    void setError(status_t err);
+    void startBufferingIfNecessary();
+    bool stopBufferingIfNecessary();
 
     DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RTSPSource);
 };
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.cpp
index 27f5159..b3f224d 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.cpp
@@ -37,13 +37,26 @@
         const sp<IStreamSource> &source)
     : Source(notify),
       mSource(source),
-      mFinalResult(OK) {
+      mFinalResult(OK),
+      mBuffering(false) {
 }
 
 NuPlayer::StreamingSource::~StreamingSource() {
+    if (mLooper != NULL) {
+        mLooper->unregisterHandler(id());
+        mLooper->stop();
+    }
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::StreamingSource::prepareAsync() {
+    if (mLooper == NULL) {
+        mLooper = new ALooper;
+        mLooper->setName("streaming");
+        mLooper->start();
+
+        mLooper->registerHandler(this);
+    }
+
     notifyVideoSizeChanged();
     notifyFlagsChanged(0);
     notifyPrepared();
@@ -62,13 +75,15 @@
     mTSParser = new ATSParser(parserFlags);
 
     mStreamListener->start();
+
+    postReadBuffer();
 }
 
 status_t NuPlayer::StreamingSource::feedMoreTSData() {
-    if (mFinalResult != OK) {
-        return mFinalResult;
-    }
+    return postReadBuffer();
+}
 
+void NuPlayer::StreamingSource::onReadBuffer() {
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
         char buffer[188];
         sp<AMessage> extra;
@@ -77,7 +92,7 @@
         if (n == 0) {
             ALOGI("input data EOS reached.");
             mTSParser->signalEOS(ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
-            mFinalResult = ERROR_END_OF_STREAM;
+            setError(ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
             break;
         } else if (n == INFO_DISCONTINUITY) {
             int32_t type = ATSParser::DISCONTINUITY_TIME;
@@ -88,7 +103,8 @@
                         IStreamListener::kKeyDiscontinuityMask, &mask)) {
                 if (mask == 0) {
                     ALOGE("Client specified an illegal discontinuity type.");
-                    return ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+                    setError(ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
+                    break;
                 }
 
                 type = mask;
@@ -97,7 +113,6 @@
             mTSParser->signalDiscontinuity(
                     (ATSParser::DiscontinuityType)type, extra);
         } else if (n < 0) {
-            CHECK_EQ(n, -EWOULDBLOCK);
             break;
         } else {
             if (buffer[0] == 0x00) {
@@ -128,22 +143,80 @@
                     ALOGE("TS Parser returned error %d", err);
 
                     mTSParser->signalEOS(err);
-                    mFinalResult = err;
+                    setError(err);
                     break;
                 }
             }
         }
     }
+}
 
+status_t NuPlayer::StreamingSource::postReadBuffer() {
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mBufferingLock);
+        if (mFinalResult != OK) {
+            return mFinalResult;
+        }
+        if (mBuffering) {
+            return OK;
+        }
+        mBuffering = true;
+    }
+
+    (new AMessage(kWhatReadBuffer, id()))->post();
     return OK;
 }
 
-sp<MetaData> NuPlayer::StreamingSource::getFormatMeta(bool audio) {
-    ATSParser::SourceType type =
-        audio ? ATSParser::AUDIO : ATSParser::VIDEO;
+bool NuPlayer::StreamingSource::haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks() {
+    // We're going to buffer at least 2 secs worth data on all tracks before
+    // starting playback (both at startup and after a seek).
 
-    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source =
-        static_cast<AnotherPacketSource *>(mTSParser->getSource(type).get());
+    static const int64_t kMinDurationUs = 2000000ll;
+
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> audioTrack = getSource(true /*audio*/);
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> videoTrack = getSource(false /*audio*/);
+
+    status_t err;
+    int64_t durationUs;
+    if (audioTrack != NULL
+            && (durationUs = audioTrack->getBufferedDurationUs(&err))
+                    < kMinDurationUs
+            && err == OK) {
+        ALOGV("audio track doesn't have enough data yet. (%.2f secs buffered)",
+              durationUs / 1E6);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (videoTrack != NULL
+            && (durationUs = videoTrack->getBufferedDurationUs(&err))
+                    < kMinDurationUs
+            && err == OK) {
+        ALOGV("video track doesn't have enough data yet. (%.2f secs buffered)",
+              durationUs / 1E6);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void NuPlayer::StreamingSource::setError(status_t err) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mBufferingLock);
+    mFinalResult = err;
+}
+
+sp<AnotherPacketSource> NuPlayer::StreamingSource::getSource(bool audio) {
+    if (mTSParser == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    sp<MediaSource> source = mTSParser->getSource(
+            audio ? ATSParser::AUDIO : ATSParser::VIDEO);
+
+    return static_cast<AnotherPacketSource *>(source.get());
+}
+
+sp<MetaData> NuPlayer::StreamingSource::getFormatMeta(bool audio) {
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(audio);
 
     if (source == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -154,16 +227,16 @@
 
 status_t NuPlayer::StreamingSource::dequeueAccessUnit(
         bool audio, sp<ABuffer> *accessUnit) {
-    ATSParser::SourceType type =
-        audio ? ATSParser::AUDIO : ATSParser::VIDEO;
-
-    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source =
-        static_cast<AnotherPacketSource *>(mTSParser->getSource(type).get());
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(audio);
 
     if (source == NULL) {
         return -EWOULDBLOCK;
     }
 
+    if (!haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks()) {
+        postReadBuffer();
+    }
+
     status_t finalResult;
     if (!source->hasBufferAvailable(&finalResult)) {
         return finalResult == OK ? -EWOULDBLOCK : finalResult;
@@ -186,5 +259,26 @@
     return mSource->flags() & IStreamSource::kFlagIsRealTimeData;
 }
 
+void NuPlayer::StreamingSource::onMessageReceived(
+        const sp<AMessage> &msg) {
+    switch (msg->what()) {
+        case kWhatReadBuffer:
+        {
+            onReadBuffer();
+
+            {
+                Mutex::Autolock _l(mBufferingLock);
+                mBuffering = false;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+        {
+            TRESPASS();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.h
index 412b6c4..1f95f3c 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/StreamingSource.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 struct ABuffer;
 struct ATSParser;
+struct AnotherPacketSource;
 
 struct NuPlayer::StreamingSource : public NuPlayer::Source {
     StreamingSource(
@@ -43,14 +44,29 @@
 protected:
     virtual ~StreamingSource();
 
+    virtual void onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage> &msg);
+
     virtual sp<MetaData> getFormatMeta(bool audio);
 
 private:
+    enum {
+        kWhatReadBuffer,
+    };
     sp<IStreamSource> mSource;
     status_t mFinalResult;
     sp<NuPlayerStreamListener> mStreamListener;
     sp<ATSParser> mTSParser;
 
+    bool mBuffering;
+    Mutex mBufferingLock;
+    sp<ALooper> mLooper;
+
+    void setError(status_t err);
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> getSource(bool audio);
+    bool haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks();
+    status_t postReadBuffer();
+    void onReadBuffer();
+
     DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StreamingSource);
 };
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/avc_utils.cpp b/media/libstagefright/avc_utils.cpp
index 38a1f6b..cbdb816 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/avc_utils.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/avc_utils.cpp
@@ -222,28 +222,25 @@
     *nalStart = NULL;
     *nalSize = 0;
 
-    if (size == 0) {
+    if (size < 3) {
         return -EAGAIN;
     }
 
-    // Skip any number of leading 0x00.
-
     size_t offset = 0;
-    while (offset < size && data[offset] == 0x00) {
-        ++offset;
-    }
-
-    if (offset == size) {
-        return -EAGAIN;
-    }
 
     // A valid startcode consists of at least two 0x00 bytes followed by 0x01.
-
-    if (offset < 2 || data[offset] != 0x01) {
-        return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+    for (; offset + 2 < size; ++offset) {
+        if (data[offset + 2] == 0x01 && data[offset] == 0x00
+                && data[offset + 1] == 0x00) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
-
-    ++offset;
+    if (offset + 2 >= size) {
+        *_data = &data[offset];
+        *_size = 2;
+        return -EAGAIN;
+    }
+    offset += 3;
 
     size_t startOffset = offset;
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_audio.xml b/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_audio.xml
index f599004..85f6615 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_audio.xml
+++ b/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_audio.xml
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
         </MediaCodec>
         <MediaCodec name="OMX.google.vorbis.decoder" type="audio/vorbis">
             <Limit name="channel-count" max="8" />
-            <Limit name="sample-rate" ranges="8000,11025,12000,16000,22050,24000,32000,44100,48000,96000" />
+            <Limit name="sample-rate" ranges="8000-96000" />
             <Limit name="bitrate" range="32000-500000" />
         </MediaCodec>
         <MediaCodec name="OMX.google.opus.decoder" type="audio/opus">
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ESQueue.cpp b/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ESQueue.cpp
index ef1cd3d..042f4e6 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ESQueue.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ESQueue.cpp
@@ -173,8 +173,9 @@
     return parseAC3SyncFrame(ptr, size, NULL) > 0;
 }
 
-static bool IsSeeminglyValidADTSHeader(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t size) {
-    if (size < 3) {
+static bool IsSeeminglyValidADTSHeader(
+        const uint8_t *ptr, size_t size, size_t *frameLength) {
+    if (size < 7) {
         // Not enough data to verify header.
         return false;
     }
@@ -197,6 +198,13 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    size_t frameLengthInHeader =
+            ((ptr[3] & 3) << 11) + (ptr[4] << 3) + ((ptr[5] >> 5) & 7);
+    if (frameLengthInHeader > size) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *frameLength = frameLengthInHeader;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -318,8 +326,10 @@
                 }
 #else
                 ssize_t startOffset = -1;
+                size_t frameLength;
                 for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-                    if (IsSeeminglyValidADTSHeader(&ptr[i], size - i)) {
+                    if (IsSeeminglyValidADTSHeader(
+                            &ptr[i], size - i, &frameLength)) {
                         startOffset = i;
                         break;
                     }
@@ -335,6 +345,12 @@
                           startOffset);
                 }
 
+                if (frameLength != size - startOffset) {
+                    ALOGW("First ADTS AAC frame length is %zd bytes, "
+                          "while the buffer size is %zd bytes.",
+                          frameLength, size - startOffset);
+                }
+
                 data = &ptr[startOffset];
                 size -= startOffset;
 #endif
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
index 08d9eb1..dab6d91 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
@@ -2688,7 +2688,8 @@
     if (mNormalSink != 0) {
         return mNormalSink->getTimestamp(timestamp);
     }
-    if ((mType == OFFLOAD || mType == DIRECT) && mOutput->stream->get_presentation_position) {
+    if ((mType == OFFLOAD || mType == DIRECT)
+            && mOutput != NULL && mOutput->stream->get_presentation_position) {
         uint64_t position64;
         int ret = mOutput->stream->get_presentation_position(
                                                 mOutput->stream, &position64, &timestamp.mTime);
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyManager.h b/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyManager.h
index e2b6480..17348e9 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyManager.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyManager.h
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@
         // if muting, wait for the audio in pcm buffer to be drained before proceeding
         // if unmuting, unmute only after the specified delay
         // Returns the number of ms waited
-        uint32_t  checkDeviceMuteStrategies(sp<AudioOutputDescriptor> outputDesc,
+        virtual uint32_t  checkDeviceMuteStrategies(sp<AudioOutputDescriptor> outputDesc,
                                             audio_devices_t prevDevice,
                                             uint32_t delayMs);