diff --git a/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp b/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
index b37803a..151b653 100644
--- a/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
@@ -598,7 +598,6 @@
 status_t VendorTagDescriptor::setAsGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(const sp<VendorTagDescriptor>& desc) {
     status_t res = OK;
     Mutex::Autolock al(sLock);
-    sGlobalVendorTagDescriptor = desc;
 
     vendor_tag_ops_t* opsPtr = NULL;
     if (desc != NULL) {
@@ -613,6 +612,9 @@
         ALOGE("%s: Could not set vendor tag descriptor, received error %s (%d)."
                 , __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
     }
+
+    sGlobalVendorTagDescriptor = desc;
+
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -631,7 +633,6 @@
         const sp<VendorTagDescriptorCache>& cache) {
     status_t res = OK;
     Mutex::Autolock al(sLock);
-    sGlobalVendorTagDescriptorCache = cache;
 
     struct vendor_tag_cache_ops* opsPtr = NULL;
     if (cache != NULL) {
@@ -646,6 +647,9 @@
         ALOGE("%s: Could not set vendor tag cache, received error %s (%d)."
                 , __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
     }
+
+    sGlobalVendorTagDescriptorCache = cache;
+
     return res;
 }
 
diff --git a/camera/cameraserver/cameraserver.rc b/camera/cameraserver/cameraserver.rc
index 8f51458..6a311f2 100644
--- a/camera/cameraserver/cameraserver.rc
+++ b/camera/cameraserver/cameraserver.rc
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
     ioprio rt 4
     task_profiles CameraServiceCapacity MaxPerformance
     rlimit rtprio 10 10
+    onrestart class_restart cameraWatchdog
diff --git a/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp b/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp
index 2e0b678..79b1263 100644
--- a/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp
+++ b/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
@@ -85,6 +88,7 @@
 using android::Vector;
 using android::sp;
 using android::status_t;
+using android::SurfaceControl;
 
 using android::INVALID_OPERATION;
 using android::NAME_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -100,7 +104,6 @@
 static const uint32_t kFallbackHeight = 720;
 static const char* kMimeTypeAvc = "video/avc";
 static const char* kMimeTypeApplicationOctetstream = "application/octet-stream";
-static const char* kWinscopeMagicString = "#VV1NSC0PET1ME!#";
 
 // Command-line parameters.
 static bool gVerbose = false;           // chatty on stdout
@@ -339,13 +342,20 @@
 static status_t prepareVirtualDisplay(
         const ui::DisplayState& displayState,
         const sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>& bufferProducer,
-        sp<IBinder>* pDisplayHandle) {
+        sp<IBinder>* pDisplayHandle, sp<SurfaceControl>* mirrorRoot) {
     sp<IBinder> dpy = SurfaceComposerClient::createDisplay(
             String8("ScreenRecorder"), false /*secure*/);
     SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction t;
     t.setDisplaySurface(dpy, bufferProducer);
     setDisplayProjection(t, dpy, displayState);
-    t.setDisplayLayerStack(dpy, displayState.layerStack);
+    ui::LayerStack layerStack = ui::LayerStack::fromValue(std::rand());
+    t.setDisplayLayerStack(dpy, layerStack);
+    *mirrorRoot = SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault()->mirrorDisplay(gPhysicalDisplayId);
+    if (*mirrorRoot == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to create a mirror for screenrecord");
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+    t.setLayerStack(*mirrorRoot, layerStack);
     t.apply();
 
     *pDisplayHandle = dpy;
@@ -354,14 +364,15 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Writes an unsigned integer byte-by-byte in little endian order regardless
+ * Writes an unsigned/signed integer byte-by-byte in little endian order regardless
  * of the platform endianness.
  */
-template <typename UINT>
-static void writeValueLE(UINT value, uint8_t* buffer) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(UINT); ++i) {
-        buffer[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
-        value >>= 8;
+template <typename T>
+static void writeValueLE(T value, uint8_t* buffer) {
+    std::remove_const_t<T> temp = value;
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(T); ++i) {
+        buffer[i] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(temp & 0xff);
+        temp >>= 8;
     }
 }
 
@@ -377,16 +388,18 @@
  * - for every frame its presentation time relative to the elapsed realtime clock in microseconds
  *   (as little endian uint64).
  */
-static status_t writeWinscopeMetadata(const Vector<int64_t>& timestamps,
+static status_t writeWinscopeMetadataLegacy(const Vector<int64_t>& timestamps,
         const ssize_t metaTrackIdx, AMediaMuxer *muxer) {
-    ALOGV("Writing metadata");
+    static constexpr auto kWinscopeMagicStringLegacy = "#VV1NSC0PET1ME!#";
+
+    ALOGV("Writing winscope metadata legacy");
     int64_t systemTimeToElapsedTimeOffsetMicros = (android::elapsedRealtimeNano()
         - systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)) / 1000;
     sp<ABuffer> buffer = new ABuffer(timestamps.size() * sizeof(int64_t)
-        + sizeof(uint32_t) + strlen(kWinscopeMagicString));
+        + sizeof(uint32_t) + strlen(kWinscopeMagicStringLegacy));
     uint8_t* pos = buffer->data();
-    strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pos), kWinscopeMagicString);
-    pos += strlen(kWinscopeMagicString);
+    strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pos), kWinscopeMagicStringLegacy);
+    pos += strlen(kWinscopeMagicStringLegacy);
     writeValueLE<uint32_t>(timestamps.size(), pos);
     pos += sizeof(uint32_t);
     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < timestamps.size(); ++idx) {
@@ -395,10 +408,68 @@
         pos += sizeof(uint64_t);
     }
     AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfo = {
-        0,
+        0 /* offset */,
         static_cast<int32_t>(buffer->size()),
-        timestamps[0],
-        0
+        timestamps[0] /* presentationTimeUs */,
+        0 /* flags */
+    };
+    return AMediaMuxer_writeSampleData(muxer, metaTrackIdx, buffer->data(), &bufferInfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Saves metadata needed by Winscope to synchronize the screen recording playback with other traces.
+ *
+ * The metadata (version 1) is written as a binary array with the following format:
+ * - winscope magic string (#VV1NSC0PET1ME2#, 16B).
+ * - the metadata version number (4B).
+ * - Realtime-to-monotonic time offset in nanoseconds (8B).
+ * - the recorded frames count (8B)
+ * - for each recorded frame:
+ *     - System time in monotonic clock timebase in nanoseconds (8B).
+ *
+ * All numbers are Little Endian encoded.
+ */
+static status_t writeWinscopeMetadata(const Vector<std::int64_t>& timestampsMonotonicUs,
+        const ssize_t metaTrackIdx, AMediaMuxer *muxer) {
+    ALOGV("Writing winscope metadata");
+
+    static constexpr auto kWinscopeMagicString = std::string_view {"#VV1NSC0PET1ME2#"};
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t metadataVersion = 1;
+    const std::int64_t realToMonotonicTimeOffsetNs =
+            systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_REALTIME) - systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    const std::uint32_t framesCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(timestampsMonotonicUs.size());
+
+    sp<ABuffer> buffer = new ABuffer(
+        kWinscopeMagicString.size() +
+        sizeof(decltype(metadataVersion)) +
+        sizeof(decltype(realToMonotonicTimeOffsetNs)) +
+        sizeof(decltype(framesCount)) +
+        framesCount * sizeof(std::uint64_t)
+    );
+    std::uint8_t* pos = buffer->data();
+
+    std::copy(kWinscopeMagicString.cbegin(), kWinscopeMagicString.cend(), pos);
+    pos += kWinscopeMagicString.size();
+
+    writeValueLE(metadataVersion, pos);
+    pos += sizeof(decltype(metadataVersion));
+
+    writeValueLE(realToMonotonicTimeOffsetNs, pos);
+    pos += sizeof(decltype(realToMonotonicTimeOffsetNs));
+
+    writeValueLE(framesCount, pos);
+    pos += sizeof(decltype(framesCount));
+
+    for (const auto timestampMonotonicUs : timestampsMonotonicUs) {
+        writeValueLE<std::uint64_t>(timestampMonotonicUs * 1000, pos);
+        pos += sizeof(std::uint64_t);
+    }
+
+    AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfo = {
+        0 /* offset */,
+        static_cast<std::int32_t>(buffer->size()),
+        timestampsMonotonicUs[0] /* presentationTimeUs */,
+        0 /* flags */
     };
     return AMediaMuxer_writeSampleData(muxer, metaTrackIdx, buffer->data(), &bufferInfo);
 }
@@ -418,11 +489,12 @@
     static int kTimeout = 250000;   // be responsive on signal
     status_t err;
     ssize_t trackIdx = -1;
+    ssize_t metaLegacyTrackIdx = -1;
     ssize_t metaTrackIdx = -1;
     uint32_t debugNumFrames = 0;
     int64_t startWhenNsec = systemTime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
     int64_t endWhenNsec = startWhenNsec + seconds_to_nanoseconds(gTimeLimitSec);
-    Vector<int64_t> timestamps;
+    Vector<int64_t> timestampsMonotonicUs;
     bool firstFrame = true;
 
     assert((rawFp == NULL && muxer != NULL) || (rawFp != NULL && muxer == NULL));
@@ -520,9 +592,9 @@
                     sp<ABuffer> buffer = new ABuffer(
                             buffers[bufIndex]->data(), buffers[bufIndex]->size());
                     AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfo = {
-                        0,
+                        0 /* offset */,
                         static_cast<int32_t>(buffer->size()),
-                        ptsUsec,
+                        ptsUsec /* presentationTimeUs */,
                         flags
                     };
                     err = AMediaMuxer_writeSampleData(muxer, trackIdx, buffer->data(), &bufferInfo);
@@ -532,7 +604,7 @@
                         return err;
                     }
                     if (gOutputFormat == FORMAT_MP4) {
-                        timestamps.add(ptsUsec);
+                        timestampsMonotonicUs.add(ptsUsec);
                     }
                 }
                 debugNumFrames++;
@@ -565,6 +637,7 @@
                     if (gOutputFormat == FORMAT_MP4) {
                         AMediaFormat *metaFormat = AMediaFormat_new();
                         AMediaFormat_setString(metaFormat, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME, kMimeTypeApplicationOctetstream);
+                        metaLegacyTrackIdx = AMediaMuxer_addTrack(muxer, metaFormat);
                         metaTrackIdx = AMediaMuxer_addTrack(muxer, metaFormat);
                         AMediaFormat_delete(metaFormat);
                     }
@@ -604,10 +677,16 @@
                         systemTime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - startWhenNsec));
         fflush(stdout);
     }
-    if (metaTrackIdx >= 0 && !timestamps.isEmpty()) {
-        err = writeWinscopeMetadata(timestamps, metaTrackIdx, muxer);
+    if (metaLegacyTrackIdx >= 0 && metaTrackIdx >= 0 && !timestampsMonotonicUs.isEmpty()) {
+        err = writeWinscopeMetadataLegacy(timestampsMonotonicUs, metaLegacyTrackIdx, muxer);
         if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Failed writing metadata to muxer (err=%d)\n", err);
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed writing legacy winscope metadata to muxer (err=%d)\n", err);
+            return err;
+        }
+
+        err = writeWinscopeMetadata(timestampsMonotonicUs, metaTrackIdx, muxer);
+        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed writing winscope metadata to muxer (err=%d)\n", err);
             return err;
         }
     }
@@ -656,6 +735,23 @@
     return num & ~1;
 }
 
+struct RecordingData {
+    sp<MediaCodec> encoder;
+    // Configure virtual display.
+    sp<IBinder> dpy;
+
+    sp<Overlay> overlay;
+
+    ~RecordingData() {
+        if (dpy != nullptr) SurfaceComposerClient::destroyDisplay(dpy);
+        if (overlay != nullptr) overlay->stop();
+        if (encoder != nullptr) {
+            encoder->stop();
+            encoder->release();
+        }
+    }
+};
+
 /*
  * Main "do work" start point.
  *
@@ -713,12 +809,12 @@
         gVideoHeight = floorToEven(layerStackSpaceRect.getHeight());
     }
 
+    RecordingData recordingData = RecordingData();
     // Configure and start the encoder.
-    sp<MediaCodec> encoder;
     sp<FrameOutput> frameOutput;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> encoderInputSurface;
     if (gOutputFormat != FORMAT_FRAMES && gOutputFormat != FORMAT_RAW_FRAMES) {
-        err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.refreshRate, &encoder, &encoderInputSurface);
+        err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.refreshRate, &recordingData.encoder, &encoderInputSurface);
 
         if (err != NO_ERROR && !gSizeSpecified) {
             // fallback is defined for landscape; swap if we're in portrait
@@ -731,7 +827,8 @@
                         gVideoWidth, gVideoHeight, newWidth, newHeight);
                 gVideoWidth = newWidth;
                 gVideoHeight = newHeight;
-                err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.refreshRate, &encoder, &encoderInputSurface);
+                err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.refreshRate, &recordingData.encoder,
+                                      &encoderInputSurface);
             }
         }
         if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;
@@ -758,13 +855,11 @@
 
     // Configure optional overlay.
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> bufferProducer;
-    sp<Overlay> overlay;
     if (gWantFrameTime) {
         // Send virtual display frames to an external texture.
-        overlay = new Overlay(gMonotonicTime);
-        err = overlay->start(encoderInputSurface, &bufferProducer);
+        recordingData.overlay = new Overlay(gMonotonicTime);
+        err = recordingData.overlay->start(encoderInputSurface, &bufferProducer);
         if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-            if (encoder != NULL) encoder->release();
             return err;
         }
         if (gVerbose) {
@@ -776,11 +871,13 @@
         bufferProducer = encoderInputSurface;
     }
 
+    // We need to hold a reference to mirrorRoot during the entire recording to ensure it's not
+    // cleaned up by SurfaceFlinger. When the reference is dropped, SurfaceFlinger will delete
+    // the resource.
+    sp<SurfaceControl> mirrorRoot;
     // Configure virtual display.
-    sp<IBinder> dpy;
-    err = prepareVirtualDisplay(displayState, bufferProducer, &dpy);
+    err = prepareVirtualDisplay(displayState, bufferProducer, &recordingData.dpy, &mirrorRoot);
     if (err != NO_ERROR) {
-        if (encoder != NULL) encoder->release();
         return err;
     }
 
@@ -820,7 +917,6 @@
         case FORMAT_RAW_FRAMES: {
             rawFp = prepareRawOutput(fileName);
             if (rawFp == NULL) {
-                if (encoder != NULL) encoder->release();
                 return -1;
             }
             break;
@@ -861,7 +957,8 @@
         }
     } else {
         // Main encoder loop.
-        err = runEncoder(encoder, muxer, rawFp, display, dpy, displayState.orientation);
+        err = runEncoder(recordingData.encoder, muxer, rawFp, display, recordingData.dpy,
+                         displayState.orientation);
         if (err != NO_ERROR) {
             fprintf(stderr, "Encoder failed (err=%d)\n", err);
             // fall through to cleanup
@@ -875,9 +972,6 @@
 
     // Shut everything down, starting with the producer side.
     encoderInputSurface = NULL;
-    SurfaceComposerClient::destroyDisplay(dpy);
-    if (overlay != NULL) overlay->stop();
-    if (encoder != NULL) encoder->stop();
     if (muxer != NULL) {
         // If we don't stop muxer explicitly, i.e. let the destructor run,
         // it may hang (b/11050628).
@@ -885,7 +979,6 @@
     } else if (rawFp != stdout) {
         fclose(rawFp);
     }
-    if (encoder != NULL) encoder->release();
 
     return err;
 }
@@ -1026,7 +1119,8 @@
         "    Add additional information, such as a timestamp overlay, that is helpful\n"
         "    in videos captured to illustrate bugs.\n"
         "--time-limit TIME\n"
-        "    Set the maximum recording time, in seconds.  Default / maximum is %d.\n"
+        "    Set the maximum recording time, in seconds.  Default is %d. Set to 0\n"
+        "    to remove the time limit.\n"
         "--display-id ID\n"
         "    specify the physical display ID to record. Default is the primary display.\n"
         "    see \"dumpsys SurfaceFlinger --display-id\" for valid display IDs.\n"
@@ -1113,14 +1207,27 @@
             }
             break;
         case 't':
-            gTimeLimitSec = atoi(optarg);
-            if (gTimeLimitSec == 0 || gTimeLimitSec > kMaxTimeLimitSec) {
-                fprintf(stderr,
-                        "Time limit %ds outside acceptable range [1,%d]\n",
-                        gTimeLimitSec, kMaxTimeLimitSec);
+        {
+            char *next;
+            const int64_t timeLimitSec = strtol(optarg, &next, 10);
+            if (next == optarg || (*next != '\0' && *next != ' ')) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "Error parsing time limit argument\n");
                 return 2;
             }
+            if (timeLimitSec > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() || timeLimitSec < 0) {
+                fprintf(stderr,
+                        "Time limit %" PRIi64 "s outside acceptable range [0,%u] seconds\n",
+                        timeLimitSec, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+                return 2;
+            }
+            gTimeLimitSec = (timeLimitSec == 0) ?
+                    std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() : timeLimitSec;
+            if (gVerbose) {
+                printf("Time limit set to %u seconds\n", gTimeLimitSec);
+                fflush(stdout);
+            }
             break;
+        }
         case 'u':
             gWantInfoScreen = true;
             gWantFrameTime = true;
diff --git a/drm/libmediadrm/DrmHalHidl.cpp b/drm/libmediadrm/DrmHalHidl.cpp
index c38dbef..055f20a 100644
--- a/drm/libmediadrm/DrmHalHidl.cpp
+++ b/drm/libmediadrm/DrmHalHidl.cpp
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
     closeOpenSessions();
 
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
-    reportFrameworkMetrics(reportPluginMetrics());
+    if (mInitCheck == OK) reportFrameworkMetrics(reportPluginMetrics());
 
     setListener(NULL);
     mInitCheck = NO_INIT;
diff --git a/drm/libmediadrm/DrmMetricsConsumer.cpp b/drm/libmediadrm/DrmMetricsConsumer.cpp
index c06f09b..fd095b7 100644
--- a/drm/libmediadrm/DrmMetricsConsumer.cpp
+++ b/drm/libmediadrm/DrmMetricsConsumer.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
         }
         return type_names[attribute];
     }
-    
+
     static const char *type_names[] = {"PROVISION_REQUIRED", "KEY_NEEDED",
                                        "KEY_EXPIRED", "VENDOR_DEFINED",
                                        "SESSION_RECLAIMED"};
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/Android.bp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/Android.bp
index 2d1f741..2732aa7 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -69,3 +69,58 @@
         "android.hardware.drm-service.clearkey",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "fuzz_aidl_clearkey_service_defaults",
+
+    srcs: [
+        "CreatePluginFactories.cpp",
+        "CryptoPlugin.cpp",
+        "DrmFactory.cpp",
+        "DrmPlugin.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+
+    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror", "-Wthread-safety"],
+
+    include_dirs: ["frameworks/av/include"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcrypto",
+        "liblog",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.drm-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "libclearkeybase_fuzz",
+    ],
+
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+
+    sanitize: {
+        integer_overflow: true,
+    },
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "android.hardware.drm-service.clearkey.aidl_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "fuzz_aidl_clearkey_service_defaults",
+        "service_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["fuzzer.cpp"],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        cc: [
+            "hamzeh@google.com",
+        ],
+    },
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/DrmPlugin.cpp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/DrmPlugin.cpp
index ea51e9d..12aa4ea 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/DrmPlugin.cpp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/DrmPlugin.cpp
@@ -474,6 +474,7 @@
         return toNdkScopedAStatus(Status::ERROR_DRM_SESSION_NOT_OPENED);
     }
 
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mSecurityLevelLock);
     std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, ::aidl::android::hardware::drm::SecurityLevel>::iterator itr =
             mSecurityLevel.find(sid);
     if (itr == mSecurityLevel.end()) {
@@ -1009,6 +1010,7 @@
         return Status::ERROR_DRM_SESSION_NOT_OPENED;
     }
 
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mSecurityLevelLock);
     std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, SecurityLevel>::iterator itr = mSecurityLevel.find(sid);
     if (itr != mSecurityLevel.end()) {
         mSecurityLevel[sid] = level;
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/fuzzer.cpp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ef331f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include "CreatePluginFactories.h"
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::drm::clearkey::createDrmFactory;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::drm::clearkey::DrmFactory;
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    std::shared_ptr<DrmFactory> drmFactory = createDrmFactory();
+    fuzzService(drmFactory->asBinder().get(),  FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/include/DrmPlugin.h b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/include/DrmPlugin.h
index 25c05f0..7acc1b6 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/include/DrmPlugin.h
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/aidl/include/DrmPlugin.h
@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@
     std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint8_t>> mByteArrayProperties;
     std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint8_t>> mReleaseKeysMap;
     std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::string> mPlaybackId;
-    std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, SecurityLevel> mSecurityLevel;
+    std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, SecurityLevel> mSecurityLevel
+        GUARDED_BY(mSecurityLevelLock);
     ::std::shared_ptr<IDrmPluginListener> mListener;
     SessionLibrary* mSessionLibrary;
     int64_t mOpenSessionOkCount;
@@ -201,6 +202,7 @@
 
     DeviceFiles mFileHandle;
     ::android::Mutex mSecureStopLock;
+    ::android::Mutex mSecurityLevelLock;
 
     CLEARKEY_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_AND_NEW(DrmPlugin);
 };
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/common/Android.bp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/common/Android.bp
index a6a5b28..6913df4 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/common/Android.bp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/common/Android.bp
@@ -97,3 +97,54 @@
         integer_overflow: true,
     },
 }
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libclearkeydevicefiles-protos.common_fuzz",
+
+    proto: {
+        export_proto_headers: true,
+        type: "lite",
+    },
+    srcs: ["protos/DeviceFiles.proto"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libclearkeybase_fuzz",
+
+    srcs: [
+        "AesCtrDecryptor.cpp",
+        "Base64.cpp",
+        "Buffer.cpp",
+        "ClearKeyUUID.cpp",
+        "DeviceFiles.cpp",
+        "InitDataParser.cpp",
+        "JsonWebKey.cpp",
+        "MemoryFileSystem.cpp",
+        "Session.cpp",
+        "SessionLibrary.cpp",
+        "Utils.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+
+    include_dirs: ["frameworks/av/include"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libutils",
+        "libcrypto",
+    ],
+
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "libjsmn",
+        "libclearkeydevicefiles-protos.common_fuzz",
+    ],
+
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        "include",
+        "include/clearkeydrm",
+    ],
+
+    sanitize: {
+        integer_overflow: true,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/hidl/include/DrmPlugin.h b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/hidl/include/DrmPlugin.h
index 1019520..274a89a 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/hidl/include/DrmPlugin.h
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/hidl/include/DrmPlugin.h
@@ -414,8 +414,6 @@
     std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint8_t> > mByteArrayProperties;
     std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint8_t> > mReleaseKeysMap;
     std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::string> mPlaybackId;
-    std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, SecurityLevel> mSecurityLevel
-        GUARDED_BY(mSecurityLevelLock);
     sp<IDrmPluginListener> mListener;
     sp<IDrmPluginListener_V1_2> mListenerV1_2;
     SessionLibrary *mSessionLibrary;
@@ -436,6 +434,8 @@
     DeviceFiles mFileHandle;
     Mutex mSecureStopLock;
     Mutex mSecurityLevelLock;
+    std::map<std::vector<uint8_t>, SecurityLevel> mSecurityLevel
+        GUARDED_BY(mSecurityLevelLock);
 
     CLEARKEY_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_AND_NEW(DrmPlugin);
 };
diff --git a/include/media/MmapStreamCallback.h b/include/media/MmapStreamCallback.h
index 31b8eb5..76ee6d7 100644
--- a/include/media/MmapStreamCallback.h
+++ b/include/media/MmapStreamCallback.h
@@ -37,12 +37,9 @@
 
     /**
      * The volume to be applied to the use case specified when opening the stream has changed
-     * \param[in] channels a channel mask containing all channels the volume should be applied to.
-     * \param[in] values the volume values to be applied to each channel. The size of the vector
-     *                   should correspond to the channel count retrieved with
-     *                   audio_channel_count_from_in_mask() or audio_channel_count_from_out_mask()
+     * \param[in] volume the new target volume
      */
-    virtual void onVolumeChanged(audio_channel_mask_t channels, Vector<float> values) = 0;
+    virtual void onVolumeChanged(float volume) = 0;
 
     /**
      * The device the stream is routed to/from has changed
diff --git a/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h b/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h
index d4025e5..97e0b1d 100644
--- a/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h
+++ b/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h
@@ -85,8 +85,6 @@
     uint32_t mSize;            // Number of bytes of frame data
     uint32_t mIccSize;         // Number of bytes of ICC data
     uint32_t mBitDepth;        // number of bits per R / G / B channel
-
-    // Adding new items must be 64-bit aligned.
 };
 
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/media/TEST_MAPPING b/media/TEST_MAPPING
index a22ec19..48a060b 100644
--- a/media/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/media/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -88,4 +88,6 @@
         }
     ]
 
+    // TODO (b/229286407) Add EncodeDecodeTest and DecodeEditEncodeTest to
+    // platinum-postsubmit once issues in cuttlefish are fixed
 }
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxDec.cpp b/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxDec.cpp
index 8087396..18cd1bf 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxDec.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxDec.cpp
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@
                 DefineParam(mSize, C2_PARAMKEY_PICTURE_SIZE)
                 .withDefault(new C2StreamPictureSizeInfo::output(0u, 320, 240))
                 .withFields({
-                    C2F(mSize, width).inRange(2, 2048, 2),
-                    C2F(mSize, height).inRange(2, 2048, 2),
+                    C2F(mSize, width).inRange(2, 2048),
+                    C2F(mSize, height).inRange(2, 2048),
                 })
                 .withSetter(SizeSetter)
                 .build());
@@ -734,7 +734,12 @@
     }
 
     C2MemoryUsage usage = { C2MemoryUsage::CPU_READ, C2MemoryUsage::CPU_WRITE };
-    c2_status_t err = pool->fetchGraphicBlock(align(mWidth, 16), mHeight, format, usage, &block);
+    // We always create a graphic block that is width aligned to 16 and height
+    // aligned to 2. We set the correct "crop" value of the image in the call to
+    // createGraphicBuffer() by setting the correct image dimensions.
+    c2_status_t err = pool->fetchGraphicBlock(align(mWidth, 16),
+                                              align(mHeight, 2), format, usage,
+                                              &block);
     if (err != C2_OK) {
         ALOGE("fetchGraphicBlock for Output failed with status %d", err);
         work->result = err;
diff --git a/media/codec2/hidl/1.0/utils/types.cpp b/media/codec2/hidl/1.0/utils/types.cpp
index 35a3b53..319ba62 100644
--- a/media/codec2/hidl/1.0/utils/types.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/hidl/1.0/utils/types.cpp
@@ -1613,6 +1613,7 @@
     // assuming blob is const here
     size_t size = blob.size();
     size_t ix = 0;
+    size_t old_ix = 0;
     const uint8_t *data = blob.data();
     C2Param *p = nullptr;
 
@@ -1620,8 +1621,13 @@
         p = C2ParamUtils::ParseFirst(data + ix, size - ix);
         if (p) {
             params->emplace_back(p);
+            old_ix = ix;
             ix += p->size();
             ix = align(ix, PARAMS_ALIGNMENT);
+            if (ix <= old_ix || ix > size) {
+                android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "238083570");
+                break;
+            }
         }
     } while (p);
 
diff --git a/media/codec2/hidl/plugin/samples/SampleFilterPlugin.cpp b/media/codec2/hidl/plugin/samples/SampleFilterPlugin.cpp
index c8997bb..c77eb22 100644
--- a/media/codec2/hidl/plugin/samples/SampleFilterPlugin.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/hidl/plugin/samples/SampleFilterPlugin.cpp
@@ -810,8 +810,6 @@
     // affectedParams
     {
         C2StreamHdrStaticInfo::output::PARAM_TYPE,
-        C2StreamHdr10PlusInfo::output::PARAM_TYPE,  // will be deprecated
-        C2StreamHdrDynamicMetadataInfo::output::PARAM_TYPE,
         C2StreamColorAspectsInfo::output::PARAM_TYPE,
     },
 };
diff --git a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp
index 5208be6..cfadc95 100644
--- a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
             // read back always as int
             float value;
             if (v.get(&value)) {
-                return (int32_t)value;
+                return (int32_t) (value + 0.5);
             }
             return C2Value();
         }));
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@
         .limitTo(D::ENCODER & (D::CONFIG | D::PARAM)));
     add(ConfigMapper(KEY_FLAC_COMPRESSION_LEVEL, C2_PARAMKEY_COMPLEXITY, "value")
         .limitTo(D::AUDIO & D::ENCODER));
-    add(ConfigMapper("complexity", C2_PARAMKEY_COMPLEXITY, "value")
+    add(ConfigMapper(KEY_COMPLEXITY, C2_PARAMKEY_COMPLEXITY, "value")
         .limitTo(D::ENCODER & (D::CONFIG | D::PARAM)));
 
     add(ConfigMapper(KEY_GRID_COLUMNS, C2_PARAMKEY_TILE_LAYOUT, "columns")
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/TEST_MAPPING b/media/libaaudio/TEST_MAPPING
index 3de5a9f..9aff137 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/media/libaaudio/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 {
-  "presubmit": [
+  "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
       "options" : [
         {
-          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic.*"
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__OUTPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__OUTPUT"
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h
index 0c4a8f7..a727db2 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h
@@ -103,7 +103,23 @@
      *
      * Available since API level 31.
      */
-    AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I32
+    AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I32,
+
+    /**
+     * This format is used for compressed audio wrapped in IEC61937 for HDMI
+     * or S/PDIF passthrough.
+     *
+     * Unlike PCM playback, the Android framework is not able to do format
+     * conversion for IEC61937. In that case, when IEC61937 is requested, sampling
+     * rate and channel count or channel mask must be specified. Otherwise, it may
+     * fail when opening the stream. Apps are able to get the correct configuration
+     * for the playback by calling
+     * <a href="/reference/android/media/AudioManager#getDevices(int)">
+     *   AudioManager#getDevices(int)</a>.
+     *
+     * Available since API level 34.
+     */
+    AAUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937
 
 };
 typedef int32_t aaudio_format_t;
@@ -261,6 +277,7 @@
     AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED,
     /**
      * The stream is disconnected from audio device.
+     * @deprecated
      */
     AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED
 };
@@ -1157,7 +1174,10 @@
  * in the streams current data format to the audioData buffer.
  *
  * For an input stream, this function should read and process numFrames of data
- * from the audioData buffer.
+ * from the audioData buffer. The data in the audioData buffer must not be modified
+ * directly. Instead, it should be copied to another buffer before doing any modification.
+ * In many cases, writing to the audioData buffer of an input stream will result in a
+ * native exception.
  *
  * The audio data is passed through the buffer. So do NOT call AAudioStream_read() or
  * AAudioStream_write() on the stream that is making the callback.
@@ -1441,7 +1461,10 @@
 /**
  * Asynchronous request for the stream to flush.
  * Flushing will discard any pending data.
- * This call only works if the stream is pausing or paused. TODO review
+ * This call only works if the stream is OPEN, PAUSED, STOPPED, or FLUSHED.
+ * Calling this function when in other states,
+ * or calling from an AAudio callback function,
+ * will have no effect and an error will be returned.
  * Frame counters are not reset by a flush. They may be advanced.
  * After this call the state will be in {@link #AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_FLUSHING} or
  * {@link #AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_FLUSHED}.
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h
index 0f2d7a2..01d97b6 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
  * @note This is only for testing. Do not use this in an application.
  * It may change or be removed at any time.
  *
- * @return true if the stream uses ther MMAP data path
+ * @return true if the stream uses the MMAP data path
  */
 AAUDIO_API bool AAudioStream_isMMapUsed(AAudioStream* stream);
 
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp b/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp
index 4c5fc71..30f451a 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@
         "flowgraph/ChannelCountConverter.cpp",
         "flowgraph/ClipToRange.cpp",
         "flowgraph/FlowGraphNode.cpp",
+        "flowgraph/Limiter.cpp",
         "flowgraph/ManyToMultiConverter.cpp",
         "flowgraph/MonoBlend.cpp",
         "flowgraph/MonoToMultiConverter.cpp",
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp
index 2ed3e3c..5444565 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "AAudioFlowGraph.h"
 
-#include <flowgraph/ClipToRange.h>
+#include <flowgraph/Limiter.h>
 #include <flowgraph/ManyToMultiConverter.h>
 #include <flowgraph/MonoBlend.h>
 #include <flowgraph/MonoToMultiConverter.h>
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@
     }
 
     // For a pure float graph, there is chance that the data range may be very large.
-    // So we should clip to a reasonable value that allows a little headroom.
+    // So we should limit to a reasonable value that allows a little headroom.
     if (sourceFormat == AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT && sinkFormat == AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT) {
-        mClipper = std::make_unique<ClipToRange>(sourceChannelCount);
-        lastOutput->connect(&mClipper->input);
-        lastOutput = &mClipper->output;
+        mLimiter = std::make_unique<Limiter>(sourceChannelCount);
+        lastOutput->connect(&mLimiter->input);
+        lastOutput = &mLimiter->output;
     }
 
     // Expand the number of channels if required.
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h
index 602c17f..35fef37 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include <aaudio/AAudio.h>
 #include <audio_utils/Balance.h>
-#include <flowgraph/ClipToRange.h>
+#include <flowgraph/Limiter.h>
 #include <flowgraph/ManyToMultiConverter.h>
 #include <flowgraph/MonoBlend.h>
 #include <flowgraph/MonoToMultiConverter.h>
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::FlowGraphSourceBuffered> mSource;
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::MonoBlend> mMonoBlend;
-    std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::ClipToRange> mClipper;
+    std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::Limiter> mLimiter;
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::MonoToMultiConverter> mChannelConverter;
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::ManyToMultiConverter>
             mManyToMultiConverter;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
index 9f0564f..27f519b 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
@@ -315,11 +315,10 @@
     aaudio_result_t result = AAUDIO_OK;
     ALOGD("%s(): mServiceStreamHandle = 0x%08X", __func__, mServiceStreamHandle);
     if (mServiceStreamHandle != AAUDIO_HANDLE_INVALID) {
-        aaudio_stream_state_t currentState = getState();
         // Don't release a stream while it is running. Stop it first.
         // If DISCONNECTED then we should still try to stop in case the
         // error callback is still running.
-        if (isActive() || currentState == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
+        if (isActive() || isDisconnected()) {
             requestStop_l();
         }
 
@@ -432,11 +431,11 @@
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
     }
 
-    aaudio_stream_state_t originalState = getState();
-    if (originalState == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
+    if (isDisconnected()) {
         ALOGD("requestStart() but DISCONNECTED");
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
     }
+    aaudio_stream_state_t originalState = getState();
     setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTING);
 
     // Clear any stale timestamps from the previous run.
@@ -456,7 +455,7 @@
         ALOGD("%s() error = %d, stream was probably stolen", __func__, result);
         // Stealing was added in R. Coerce result to improve backward compatibility.
         result = AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
-        setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED);
+        setDisconnected();
     }
 
     startTime = AudioClock::getNanoseconds();
@@ -473,7 +472,6 @@
         result = createThread_l(periodNanos, aaudio_callback_thread_proc, this);
     }
     if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
-        // TODO(b/214607638): Do we want to roll back to original state or keep as disconnected?
         setState(originalState);
     }
     return result;
@@ -499,8 +497,7 @@
 // This must be called under mStreamLock.
 aaudio_result_t AudioStreamInternal::stopCallback_l()
 {
-    if (isDataCallbackSet()
-            && (isActive() || getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED)) {
+    if (isDataCallbackSet() && (isActive() || isDisconnected())) {
         mCallbackEnabled.store(false);
         aaudio_result_t result = joinThread_l(nullptr); // may temporarily unlock mStreamLock
         if (result == AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE) {
@@ -525,7 +522,7 @@
     // and the callback may have stopped the stream.
     // Check to make sure the stream still needs to be stopped.
     // See also AudioStream::safeStop_l().
-    if (!(isActive() || getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED)) {
+    if (!(isActive() || isDisconnected())) {
         ALOGD("%s() returning early, not active or disconnected", __func__);
         return AAUDIO_OK;
     }
@@ -605,13 +602,6 @@
     return AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
 }
 
-aaudio_result_t AudioStreamInternal::updateStateMachine() {
-    if (isDataCallbackActive()) {
-        return AAUDIO_OK; // state is getting updated by the callback thread read/write call
-    }
-    return processCommands();
-}
-
 void AudioStreamInternal::logTimestamp(AAudioServiceMessage &command) {
     static int64_t oldPosition = 0;
     static int64_t oldTime = 0;
@@ -654,6 +644,8 @@
             if (getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTING) {
                 setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED);
             }
+            mPlayerBase->triggerPortIdUpdate(static_cast<audio_port_handle_t>(
+                                                 message->event.dataLong));
             break;
         case AAUDIO_SERVICE_EVENT_PAUSED:
             ALOGD("%s - got AAUDIO_SERVICE_EVENT_PAUSED", __func__);
@@ -680,7 +672,7 @@
                 mAudioEndpoint->eraseDataMemory();
             }
             result = AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
-            setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED);
+            setDisconnected();
             ALOGW("%s - AAUDIO_SERVICE_EVENT_DISCONNECTED - FIFO cleared", __func__);
             break;
         case AAUDIO_SERVICE_EVENT_VOLUME:
@@ -814,7 +806,6 @@
 
             if (wakeTimeNanos > deadlineNanos) {
                 // If we time out, just return the framesWritten so far.
-                // TODO remove after we fix the deadline bug
                 ALOGW("processData(): entered at %lld nanos, currently %lld",
                       (long long) entryTimeNanos, (long long) currentTimeNanos);
                 ALOGW("processData(): TIMEOUT after %lld nanos",
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h
index 2367572..4ea61d2 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
                                        int64_t *framePosition,
                                        int64_t *timeNanoseconds) override;
 
-    virtual aaudio_result_t updateStateMachine() override;
+    virtual aaudio_result_t processCommands() override;
 
     aaudio_result_t open(const AudioStreamBuilder &builder) override;
 
@@ -110,8 +110,6 @@
 
     aaudio_result_t drainTimestampsFromService();
 
-    aaudio_result_t processCommands();
-
     aaudio_result_t stopCallback_l();
 
     virtual void prepareBuffersForStart() {}
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp
index 31fd011..e6b00d7 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT:
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT:
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED:
+        case AUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937:
             break; // valid
         default:
             ALOGD("audioFormat not valid, audio_format_t = 0x%08x", format);
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.cpp
index 0e5b8be..30f9677 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.cpp
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
         AAUDIO_CASE_ENUM(AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT);
         AAUDIO_CASE_ENUM(AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I24_PACKED);
         AAUDIO_CASE_ENUM(AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I32);
+        AAUDIO_CASE_ENUM(AAUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937);
     }
     return "Unrecognized";
 }
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp
index 06f05b0..c9351e0 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 #include <atomic>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include <linux/futex.h>
 #include <media/MediaMetricsItem.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
 
 #include <aaudio/AAudio.h>
 
@@ -59,10 +61,9 @@
     // If the stream is deleted when OPEN or in use then audio resources will leak.
     // This would indicate an internal error. So we want to find this ASAP.
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!(getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED
-                          || getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_UNINITIALIZED
-                          || getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED),
-                        "~AudioStream() - still in use, state = %s",
-                        AudioGlobal_convertStreamStateToText(getState()));
+                          || getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_UNINITIALIZED),
+                        "~AudioStream() - still in use, state = %s disconnected = %d",
+                        AudioGlobal_convertStreamStateToText(getState()), isDisconnected());
 }
 
 aaudio_result_t AudioStream::open(const AudioStreamBuilder& builder)
@@ -156,6 +157,11 @@
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mStreamLock);
 
+    if (isDisconnected()) {
+        ALOGW("%s() stream is disconnected", __func__);
+        return AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
+    }
+
     switch (getState()) {
         // Is this a good time to start?
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_OPEN:
@@ -174,8 +180,13 @@
                   AudioGlobal_convertStreamStateToText(getState()));
             return AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
 
-        // Don't start when the stream is dead!
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
+            // This must not happen after deprecating AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED, trying to
+            // start will finally return ERROR_DISCONNECTED.
+            ALOGE("%s, unexpected state = AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED", __func__);
+            return AAUDIO_ERROR_INTERNAL;
+
+        // Don't start when the stream is dead!
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSING:
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED:
         default:
@@ -208,7 +219,11 @@
         // Proceed with pausing.
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTING:
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED:
+            break;
+
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
+            // This must not happen after deprecating AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED
+            ALOGE("%s, unexpected state = AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED", __func__);
             break;
 
             // Transition from one inactive state to another.
@@ -287,7 +302,10 @@
         // Proceed with stopping.
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTING:
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED:
+            break;
         case AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
+            // This must not happen after deprecating AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED
+            ALOGE("%s, unexpected state = AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED", __func__);
             break;
 
         // Transition from one inactive state to another.
@@ -362,37 +380,44 @@
 }
 
 void AudioStream::setState(aaudio_stream_state_t state) {
-    ALOGD("%s(s#%d) from %d to %d", __func__, getId(), mState, state);
-    if (state == mState) {
+    aaudio_stream_state_t oldState = mState.load();
+    ALOGD("%s(s#%d) from %d to %d", __func__, getId(), oldState, state);
+    if (state == oldState) {
         return; // no change
     }
-    // Track transition to DISCONNECTED state.
-    if (state == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
-        android::mediametrics::LogItem(mMetricsId)
-                .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT, AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT_VALUE_DISCONNECT)
-                .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_STATE, AudioGlobal_convertStreamStateToText(getState()))
-                .record();
-    }
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(state == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED,
+                        "Disconnected state must be separated from mState");
     // CLOSED is a final state
-    if (mState == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED) {
+    if (oldState == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED) {
         ALOGW("%s(%d) tried to set to %d but already CLOSED", __func__, getId(), state);
 
     // Once CLOSING, we can only move to CLOSED state.
-    } else if (mState == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSING
+    } else if (oldState == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSING
                && state != AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED) {
         ALOGW("%s(%d) tried to set to %d but already CLOSING", __func__, getId(), state);
 
-    // Once DISCONNECTED, we can only move to CLOSING or CLOSED state.
-    } else if (mState == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED
-               && !(state == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSING
-                   || state == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED)) {
-        ALOGW("%s(%d) tried to set to %d but already DISCONNECTED", __func__, getId(), state);
-
     } else {
-        mState = state;
+        mState.store(state);
+        // Wake up a wakeForStateChange thread if it exists.
+        syscall(SYS_futex, &mState, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL, 0);
     }
 }
 
+void AudioStream::setDisconnected() {
+    const bool old = isDisconnected();
+    ALOGD("%s setting disconnected, current disconnected: %d, current state: %d",
+          __func__, old, getState());
+    if (old) {
+        return; // no change, the stream is already disconnected
+    }
+    mDisconnected.store(true);
+    // Track transition to DISCONNECTED state.
+    android::mediametrics::LogItem(mMetricsId)
+            .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT, AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT_VALUE_DISCONNECT)
+            .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_STATE, AudioGlobal_convertStreamStateToText(getState()))
+            .record();
+}
+
 aaudio_result_t AudioStream::waitForStateChange(aaudio_stream_state_t currentState,
                                                 aaudio_stream_state_t *nextState,
                                                 int64_t timeoutNanoseconds)
@@ -408,9 +433,15 @@
         if (durationNanos > timeoutNanoseconds) {
             durationNanos = timeoutNanoseconds;
         }
-        AudioClock::sleepForNanos(durationNanos);
-        timeoutNanoseconds -= durationNanos;
+        struct timespec time;
+        time.tv_sec = durationNanos / AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+        // Add the fractional nanoseconds.
+        time.tv_nsec = durationNanos - (time.tv_sec * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_SECOND);
 
+        // Sleep for durationNanos. If mState changes from the callback
+        // thread, this thread will wake up earlier.
+        syscall(SYS_futex, &mState, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, currentState, &time, NULL, 0);
+        timeoutNanoseconds -= durationNanos;
         aaudio_result_t result = updateStateMachine();
         if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
             return result;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h
index 5fb4528..50f6aa0 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h
@@ -100,10 +100,17 @@
                                        int64_t *timeNanoseconds) = 0;
 
     /**
-     * Update state machine.()
-     * @return
+     * Update state machine.
+     * @return result of the operation.
      */
-    virtual aaudio_result_t updateStateMachine() = 0;
+    aaudio_result_t updateStateMachine() {
+        if (isDataCallbackActive()) {
+            return AAUDIO_OK; // state is getting updated by the callback thread read/write call
+        }
+        return processCommands();
+    };
+
+    virtual aaudio_result_t processCommands() = 0;
 
     // =========== End ABSTRACT methods ===========================
 
@@ -184,7 +191,7 @@
     // ============== Queries ===========================
 
     aaudio_stream_state_t getState() const {
-        return mState;
+        return mState.load();
     }
 
     virtual int32_t getBufferSize() const {
@@ -403,7 +410,7 @@
      * This should only be called for client streams and not for streams
      * that run in the service.
      */
-    void registerPlayerBase() {
+    virtual void registerPlayerBase() {
         if (getDirection() == AAUDIO_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
             mPlayerBase->registerWithAudioManager(this);
         }
@@ -551,6 +558,11 @@
 
     void setState(aaudio_stream_state_t state);
 
+    bool isDisconnected() const {
+        return mDisconnected.load();
+    }
+    void setDisconnected();
+
     void setDeviceId(int32_t deviceId) {
         mDeviceId = deviceId;
     }
@@ -657,6 +669,8 @@
 
     std::mutex                 mStreamLock;
 
+    const android::sp<MyPlayerBase>   mPlayerBase;
+
 private:
 
     aaudio_result_t safeStop_l() REQUIRES(mStreamLock);
@@ -672,7 +686,9 @@
         close_l();
     }
 
-    const android::sp<MyPlayerBase>   mPlayerBase;
+    std::atomic<aaudio_stream_state_t>          mState{AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_UNINITIALIZED};
+
+    std::atomic_bool            mDisconnected{false};
 
     // These do not change after open().
     int32_t                     mSamplesPerFrame = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
@@ -682,7 +698,6 @@
     aaudio_sharing_mode_t       mSharingMode = AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED;
     bool                        mSharingModeMatchRequired = false; // must match sharing mode requested
     audio_format_t              mFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
-    aaudio_stream_state_t       mState = AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_UNINITIALIZED;
     aaudio_performance_mode_t   mPerformanceMode = AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE;
     int32_t                     mFramesPerBurst = 0;
     int32_t                     mBufferCapacity = 0;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStreamBuilder.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStreamBuilder.cpp
index a100aa9..04b4325 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStreamBuilder.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStreamBuilder.cpp
@@ -192,6 +192,11 @@
         allowMMap = false;
     }
 
+    if (getFormat() == AUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937) {
+        ALOGD("%s IEC61937 format is selected, do not allow MMAP in this case.", __func__);
+        allowMMap = false;
+    }
+
     if (!allowMMap && !allowLegacy) {
         ALOGE("%s() no backend available: neither MMAP nor legacy path are allowed", __func__);
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/Limiter.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/Limiter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..def905a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/Limiter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "FlowGraphNode.h"
+#include "Limiter.h"
+
+using namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph;
+
+Limiter::Limiter(int32_t channelCount)
+        : FlowGraphFilter(channelCount) {
+}
+
+int32_t Limiter::onProcess(int32_t numFrames) {
+    const float *inputBuffer = input.getBuffer();
+    float *outputBuffer = output.getBuffer();
+
+    int32_t numSamples = numFrames * output.getSamplesPerFrame();
+
+    // Cache the last valid output to reduce memory read/write
+    float lastValidOutput = mLastValidOutput;
+
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < numSamples; i++) {
+        // Use the previous output if the input is NaN
+        if (!isnan(*inputBuffer)) {
+            lastValidOutput = processFloat(*inputBuffer);
+        }
+        inputBuffer++;
+        *outputBuffer++ = lastValidOutput;
+    }
+    mLastValidOutput = lastValidOutput;
+
+    return numFrames;
+}
+
+float Limiter::processFloat(float in)
+{
+    float in_abs = fabsf(in);
+    if (in_abs <= 1) {
+        return in;
+    }
+    float out;
+    if (in_abs < kXWhenYis3Decibels) {
+        out = (kPolynomialSplineA * in_abs + kPolynomialSplineB) * in_abs + kPolynomialSplineC;
+    } else {
+        out = M_SQRT2;
+    }
+    if (in < 0) {
+        out = -out;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/Limiter.h b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/Limiter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..393a7bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/Limiter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLOWGRAPH_LIMITER_H
+#define FLOWGRAPH_LIMITER_H
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "FlowGraphNode.h"
+
+namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph {
+
+class Limiter : public FlowGraphFilter {
+public:
+    explicit Limiter(int32_t channelCount);
+
+    int32_t onProcess(int32_t numFrames) override;
+
+    const char *getName() override {
+        return "Limiter";
+    }
+
+private:
+    // These numbers are based on a polynomial spline for a quadratic solution Ax^2 + Bx + C
+    // The range is up to 3 dB, (10^(3/20)), to match AudioTrack for float data.
+    static constexpr float kPolynomialSplineA = -0.6035533905; // -(1+sqrt(2))/4
+    static constexpr float kPolynomialSplineB = 2.2071067811; // (3+sqrt(2))/2
+    static constexpr float kPolynomialSplineC = -0.6035533905; // -(1+sqrt(2))/4
+    static constexpr float kXWhenYis3Decibels = 1.8284271247; // -1+2sqrt(2)
+
+    /**
+     * Process an input based on the following:
+     * If between -1 and 1, return the input value.
+     * If above kXWhenYis3Decibels, return sqrt(2).
+     * If below -kXWhenYis3Decibels, return -sqrt(2).
+     * If between 1 and kXWhenYis3Decibels, use a quadratic spline (Ax^2 + Bx + C).
+     * If between -kXWhenYis3Decibels and -1, use the absolute value for the spline and flip it.
+     * The derivative of the spline is 1 at 1 and 0 at kXWhenYis3Decibels.
+     * This way, the graph is both continuous and differentiable.
+     */
+    float processFloat(float in);
+
+    // Use the previous valid output for NaN inputs
+    float mLastValidOutput = 0.0f;
+};
+
+} /* namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph */
+
+#endif //FLOWGRAPH_LIMITER_H
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamLegacy.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamLegacy.cpp
index dd11169..8595308 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamLegacy.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamLegacy.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
     // AudioRecord::Buffer
     // TODO define our own AudioBuffer and pass it from the subclasses.
     size_t written = buffer.size();
-    if (getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
+    if (isDisconnected()) {
         ALOGW("%s() data, stream disconnected", __func__);
         // This will kill the stream and prevent it from being restarted.
         // That is OK because the stream is disconnected.
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
             mCallbackEnabled.store(false);
         }
 
-        if (updateStateMachine() != AAUDIO_OK) {
+        if (processCommands() != AAUDIO_OK) {
             forceDisconnect();
             mCallbackEnabled.store(false);
         }
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
     // AudioRecord::Buffer
     // TODO define our own AudioBuffer and pass it from the subclasses.
     size_t written = buffer.size();
-    if (getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
+    if (isDisconnected()) {
         ALOGW("%s() data, stream disconnected", __func__);
         // This will kill the stream and prevent it from being restarted.
         // That is OK because the stream is disconnected.
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
             mCallbackEnabled.store(false);
         }
 
-        if (updateStateMachine() != AAUDIO_OK) {
+        if (processCommands() != AAUDIO_OK) {
             forceDisconnect();
             mCallbackEnabled.store(false);
         }
@@ -214,11 +214,11 @@
 
 void AudioStreamLegacy::forceDisconnect(bool errorCallbackEnabled) {
     // There is no need to disconnect if already in these states.
-    if (getState() != AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED
+    if (!isDisconnected()
             && getState() != AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSING
             && getState() != AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED
             ) {
-        setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED);
+        setDisconnected();
         if (errorCallbackEnabled) {
             maybeCallErrorCallback(AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED);
         }
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
     ALOGD("%s(deviceId = %d)", __func__, (int)deviceId);
     if (getDeviceId() != AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED
             && getDeviceId() != deviceId
-            && getState() != AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED
+            && !isDisconnected()
             ) {
         // Note that isDataCallbackActive() is affected by state so call it before DISCONNECTING.
         // If we have a data callback and the stream is active, then ask the data callback
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp
index 1e39e0f..da152b0 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp
@@ -364,8 +364,7 @@
     return checkForDisconnectRequest(false);
 }
 
-aaudio_result_t AudioStreamRecord::updateStateMachine()
-{
+aaudio_result_t AudioStreamRecord::processCommands() {
     aaudio_result_t result = AAUDIO_OK;
     aaudio_wrapping_frames_t position;
     status_t err;
@@ -404,7 +403,7 @@
         return result;
     }
 
-    if (getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
+    if (isDisconnected()) {
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
     }
 
@@ -447,7 +446,7 @@
         // In this context, a DEAD_OBJECT is more likely to be a disconnect notification due to
         // AudioRecord invalidation.
         if (bytesActuallyRead == DEAD_OBJECT) {
-            setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED);
+            setDisconnected();
             return AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
         }
         return AAudioConvert_androidToAAudioResult(bytesActuallyRead);
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.h b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.h
index 5ce73f9..252ff3c 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 
     int64_t getFramesWritten() override;
 
-    aaudio_result_t updateStateMachine() override;
+    aaudio_result_t processCommands() override;
 
     aaudio_direction_t getDirection() const override {
         return AAUDIO_DIRECTION_INPUT;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp
index 6f1dc92..10bd5f7 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
 
     if (getState() != AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
         ALOGE("%s - Open canceled since state = %d", __func__, getState());
-        if (getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED)
+        if (isDisconnected())
         {
             ALOGE("%s - Opening while state is disconnected", __func__);
             safeReleaseClose();
@@ -378,8 +378,7 @@
     return checkForDisconnectRequest(false);;
 }
 
-aaudio_result_t AudioStreamTrack::updateStateMachine()
-{
+aaudio_result_t AudioStreamTrack::processCommands() {
     status_t err;
     aaudio_wrapping_frames_t position;
     switch (getState()) {
@@ -407,7 +406,6 @@
             if (err != OK) {
                 return AAudioConvert_androidToAAudioResult(err);
             } else if (position == 0) {
-                // TODO Advance frames read to match written.
                 setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_FLUSHED);
             }
         }
@@ -434,7 +432,7 @@
         return result;
     }
 
-    if (getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
+    if (isDisconnected()) {
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
     }
 
@@ -448,7 +446,7 @@
         // in this context, a DEAD_OBJECT is more likely to be a disconnect notification due to
         // AudioTrack invalidation
         if (bytesWritten == DEAD_OBJECT) {
-            setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED);
+            setDisconnected();
             return AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
         }
         return AAudioConvert_androidToAAudioResult(bytesWritten);
@@ -553,6 +551,16 @@
     return status;
 }
 
+void AudioStreamTrack::registerPlayerBase() {
+    AudioStream::registerPlayerBase();
+
+    if (mAudioTrack == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s: cannot set piid, AudioTrack is null", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+    mAudioTrack->setPlayerIId(mPlayerBase->getPlayerIId());
+}
+
 #if AAUDIO_USE_VOLUME_SHAPER
 
 using namespace android::media::VolumeShaper;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.h b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.h
index 0f4d72b..05609c4 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
         return AAUDIO_DIRECTION_OUTPUT;
     }
 
-    aaudio_result_t updateStateMachine() override;
+    aaudio_result_t processCommands() override;
 
     int64_t incrementClientFrameCounter(int32_t frames) override {
         return incrementFramesWritten(frames);
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@
 
     android::status_t doSetVolume() override;
 
+    void registerPlayerBase() override;
+
 #if AAUDIO_USE_VOLUME_SHAPER
     virtual android::binder::Status applyVolumeShaper(
             const android::media::VolumeShaper::Configuration& configuration,
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp
index 872faca..a197ced 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp
@@ -140,6 +140,9 @@
     case AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I32:
         androidFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT;
         break;
+    case AAUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937:
+        androidFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937;
+        break;
     default:
         androidFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_INVALID;
         ALOGE("%s() 0x%08X unrecognized", __func__, aaudioFormat);
@@ -166,6 +169,9 @@
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT:
         aaudioFormat = AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I32;
         break;
+    case AUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937:
+        aaudioFormat = AAUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937;
+        break;
     default:
         aaudioFormat = AAUDIO_FORMAT_INVALID;
         ALOGE("%s() 0x%08X unrecognized", __func__, androidFormat);
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp
index 66b77eb..6f75f5a 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "flowgraph/ClipToRange.h"
+#include "flowgraph/Limiter.h"
 #include "flowgraph/MonoBlend.h"
 #include "flowgraph/MonoToMultiConverter.h"
 #include "flowgraph/SourceFloat.h"
@@ -319,3 +320,77 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST(test_flowgraph, module_limiter) {
+    constexpr int kNumSamples = 101;
+    constexpr float kLastSample = 3.0f;
+    constexpr float kFirstSample = -kLastSample;
+    constexpr float kDeltaBetweenSamples = (kLastSample - kFirstSample) / (kNumSamples - 1);
+    constexpr float kTolerance = 0.00001f;
+
+    float input[kNumSamples];
+    float output[kNumSamples];
+    SourceFloat sourceFloat{1};
+    Limiter limiter{1};
+    SinkFloat sinkFloat{1};
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; i++) {
+        input[i] = kFirstSample + i * kDeltaBetweenSamples;
+    }
+
+    const int numInputFrames = std::size(input);
+    sourceFloat.setData(input, numInputFrames);
+
+    sourceFloat.output.connect(&limiter.input);
+    limiter.output.connect(&sinkFloat.input);
+
+    const int numOutputFrames = std::size(output);
+    int32_t numRead = sinkFloat.read(output, numOutputFrames);
+    ASSERT_EQ(numInputFrames, numRead);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRead; i++) {
+        // limiter must be symmetric wrt 0.
+        EXPECT_NEAR(output[i], -output[kNumSamples - i - 1], kTolerance);
+        if (i > 0) {
+            EXPECT_GE(output[i], output[i - 1]); // limiter must be monotonic
+        }
+        if (input[i] == 0.f) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0.f, output[i]);
+        } else if (input[i] > 0.0f) {
+            EXPECT_GE(output[i], 0.0f);
+            EXPECT_LE(output[i], M_SQRT2); // limiter actually limits
+            EXPECT_LE(output[i], input[i]); // a limiter, gain <= 1
+        } else {
+            EXPECT_LE(output[i], 0.0f);
+            EXPECT_GE(output[i], -M_SQRT2); // limiter actually limits
+            EXPECT_GE(output[i], input[i]); // a limiter, gain <= 1
+        }
+        if (-1.f <= input[i] && input[i] <= 1.f) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(input[i], output[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(test_flowgraph, module_limiter_nan) {
+    constexpr int kArbitraryOutputSize = 100;
+    static const float input[] = {NAN, 0.5f, NAN, NAN, -10.0f, NAN};
+    static const float expected[] = {0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -M_SQRT2, -M_SQRT2};
+    constexpr float tolerance = 0.00001f;
+    float output[kArbitraryOutputSize];
+    SourceFloat sourceFloat{1};
+    Limiter limiter{1};
+    SinkFloat sinkFloat{1};
+
+    const int numInputFrames = std::size(input);
+    sourceFloat.setData(input, numInputFrames);
+
+    sourceFloat.output.connect(&limiter.input);
+    limiter.output.connect(&sinkFloat.input);
+
+    const int numOutputFrames = std::size(output);
+    int32_t numRead = sinkFloat.read(output, numOutputFrames);
+    ASSERT_EQ(numInputFrames, numRead);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRead; i++) {
+        EXPECT_NEAR(expected[i], output[i], tolerance);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp
index c2f7229..4d2b6b1 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+bool AudioMixMatchCriterion::isExcludeCriterion() const {
+    return mRule & RULE_EXCLUSION_MASK;
+}
+
 //
 //  AudioMix implementation
 //
@@ -91,10 +95,11 @@
     if (size > MAX_CRITERIA_PER_MIX) {
         size = MAX_CRITERIA_PER_MIX;
     }
+    mCriteria.reserve(size);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         AudioMixMatchCriterion criterion;
         if (criterion.readFromParcel(parcel) == NO_ERROR) {
-            mCriteria.add(criterion);
+            mCriteria.push_back(criterion);
         }
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -135,18 +140,18 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-void AudioMix::setExcludeUid(uid_t uid) const {
+void AudioMix::setExcludeUid(uid_t uid) {
     AudioMixMatchCriterion crit;
     crit.mRule = RULE_EXCLUDE_UID;
     crit.mValue.mUid = uid;
-    mCriteria.add(crit);
+    mCriteria.push_back(crit);
 }
 
-void AudioMix::setMatchUid(uid_t uid) const {
+void AudioMix::setMatchUid(uid_t uid) {
     AudioMixMatchCriterion crit;
     crit.mRule = RULE_MATCH_UID;
     crit.mValue.mUid = uid;
-    mCriteria.add(crit);
+    mCriteria.push_back(crit);
 }
 
 bool AudioMix::hasUidRule(bool match, uid_t uid) const {
@@ -169,18 +174,18 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-void AudioMix::setExcludeUserId(int userId) const {
+void AudioMix::setExcludeUserId(int userId) {
     AudioMixMatchCriterion crit;
     crit.mRule = RULE_EXCLUDE_USERID;
     crit.mValue.mUserId = userId;
-    mCriteria.add(crit);
+    mCriteria.push_back(crit);
 }
 
-void AudioMix::setMatchUserId(int userId) const {
+void AudioMix::setMatchUserId(int userId) {
     AudioMixMatchCriterion crit;
     crit.mRule = RULE_MATCH_USERID;
     crit.mValue.mUserId = userId;
-    mCriteria.add(crit);
+    mCriteria.push_back(crit);
 }
 
 bool AudioMix::hasUserIdRule(bool match, int userId) const {
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
index 141e1e3..05f27b0 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@
                                        audio_session_t session,
                                        audio_stream_type_t* stream,
                                        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                                       const audio_config_t* config,
+                                       audio_config_t* config,
                                        audio_output_flags_t flags,
                                        audio_port_handle_t* selectedDeviceId,
                                        audio_port_handle_t* portId,
@@ -1057,9 +1057,18 @@
 
     media::GetOutputForAttrResponse responseAidl;
 
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(statusTFromBinderStatus(
+    status_t status = statusTFromBinderStatus(
             aps->getOutputForAttr(attrAidl, sessionAidl, attributionSource, configAidl, flagsAidl,
-                                  selectedDeviceIdAidl, &responseAidl)));
+                                  selectedDeviceIdAidl, &responseAidl));
+    if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+        config->format = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(
+            aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_audio_format_t(responseAidl.configBase.format));
+        config->channel_mask = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(
+            aidl2legacy_AudioChannelLayout_audio_channel_mask_t(
+                    responseAidl.configBase.channelMask, false /*isInput*/));
+        config->sample_rate = responseAidl.configBase.sampleRate;
+        return status;
+    }
 
     *output = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_io_handle_t(responseAidl.output));
@@ -1114,7 +1123,7 @@
                                       audio_unique_id_t riid,
                                       audio_session_t session,
                                       const AttributionSourceState &attributionSource,
-                                      const audio_config_base_t* config,
+                                      audio_config_base_t* config,
                                       audio_input_flags_t flags,
                                       audio_port_handle_t* selectedDeviceId,
                                       audio_port_handle_t* portId) {
@@ -1151,9 +1160,14 @@
 
     media::GetInputForAttrResponse response;
 
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(statusTFromBinderStatus(
+    status_t status = statusTFromBinderStatus(
             aps->getInputForAttr(attrAidl, inputAidl, riidAidl, sessionAidl, attributionSource,
-                configAidl, flagsAidl, selectedDeviceIdAidl, &response)));
+                configAidl, flagsAidl, selectedDeviceIdAidl, &response));
+    if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+        *config = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(
+                aidl2legacy_AudioConfigBase_audio_config_base_t(response.config, true /*isInput*/));
+        return status;
+    }
 
     *input = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_io_handle_t(response.input));
     *selectedDeviceId = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
index 96fc544..b18a569 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <audio_utils/clock.h>
 #include <audio_utils/primitives.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <media/AudioTrack.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <private/media/AudioTrackShared.h>
@@ -42,7 +43,9 @@
 
 #define WAIT_PERIOD_MS                  10
 #define WAIT_STREAM_END_TIMEOUT_SEC     120
+
 static const int kMaxLoopCountNotifications = 32;
+static constexpr char kAudioServiceName[] = "audio";
 
 using ::android::aidl_utils::statusTFromBinderStatus;
 using ::android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -1949,6 +1952,9 @@
     }
 
     mPortId = output.portId;
+    // notify the upper layers about the new portId
+    triggerPortIdUpdate_l();
+
     // We retain a copy of the I/O handle, but don't own the reference
     mOutput = output.outputId;
     mRefreshRemaining = true;
@@ -3511,12 +3517,34 @@
     if (mPlayerIId == playerIId) return;
 
     mPlayerIId = playerIId;
+    triggerPortIdUpdate_l();
     mediametrics::LogItem(mMetricsId)
         .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT, AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT_VALUE_SETPLAYERIID)
         .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_PLAYERIID, playerIId)
         .record();
 }
 
+void AudioTrack::triggerPortIdUpdate_l() {
+    if (mAudioManager == nullptr) {
+        // use checkService() to avoid blocking if audio service is not up yet
+        sp<IBinder> binder =
+            defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16(kAudioServiceName));
+        if (binder == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("%s(%d): binding to audio service failed.",
+                  __func__,
+                  mPlayerIId);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mAudioManager = interface_cast<IAudioManager>(binder);
+    }
+
+    // first time when the track is created we do not have a valid piid
+    if (mPlayerIId != PLAYER_PIID_INVALID) {
+        mAudioManager->playerEvent(mPlayerIId, PLAYER_UPDATE_PORT_ID, mPortId);
+    }
+}
+
 status_t AudioTrack::addAudioDeviceCallback(const sp<AudioSystem::AudioDeviceCallback>& callback)
 {
 
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/PlayerBase.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/PlayerBase.cpp
index 446a58c..651255a 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/PlayerBase.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/PlayerBase.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,20 @@
     }
 }
 
+void PlayerBase::triggerPortIdUpdate(audio_port_handle_t portId) const {
+    if (mAudioManager == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: no audio service, player %d will not update portId %d",
+              __func__,
+              mPIId,
+              portId);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (mPIId != PLAYER_PIID_INVALID && portId != AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE) {
+        mAudioManager->playerEvent(mPIId, android::PLAYER_UPDATE_PORT_ID, portId);
+    }
+}
+
 void PlayerBase::baseDestroy() {
     serviceReleasePlayer();
     if (mAudioManager != 0) {
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/TEST_MAPPING b/media/libaudioclient/TEST_MAPPING
index 51080ef..1aecfc6 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -7,14 +7,6 @@
       "name": "audio_aidl_status_tests"
     },
     {
-      "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
-      "options" : [
-        {
-          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic.*"
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
       "name": "audiorecord_tests"
     },
     {
@@ -32,5 +24,24 @@
     {
       "name": "audiosystem_tests"
     }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
+      "options" : [
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__OUTPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__OUTPUT"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetInputForAttrResponse.aidl b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetInputForAttrResponse.aidl
index 9696124..347bf79 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetInputForAttrResponse.aidl
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetInputForAttrResponse.aidl
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.media;
 
+import android.media.audio.common.AudioConfigBase;
+
 /**
  * {@hide}
  */
@@ -26,4 +28,6 @@
     int selectedDeviceId;
     /** Interpreted as audio_port_handle_t. */
     int portId;
+    /** The suggested config if fails to get an input. **/
+    AudioConfigBase config;
 }
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetOutputForAttrResponse.aidl b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetOutputForAttrResponse.aidl
index f1848b6..5b25d79 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetOutputForAttrResponse.aidl
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/GetOutputForAttrResponse.aidl
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.media;
 
+import android.media.audio.common.AudioConfigBase;
 import android.media.audio.common.AudioStreamType;
 
 /**
@@ -33,4 +34,6 @@
     int[] secondaryOutputs;
     /** True if the track is connected to a spatializer mixer and actually spatialized */
     boolean isSpatialized;
+    /** The suggested audio config if fails to get an output. **/
+    AudioConfigBase configBase;
 }
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/fuzzer/audioflinger_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/fuzzer/audioflinger_fuzzer.cpp
index 036e72e..5536bcb 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/fuzzer/audioflinger_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/fuzzer/audioflinger_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -84,13 +84,15 @@
 };
 
 template <typename T, typename X, typename FUNC>
-std::vector<T> getFlags(const xsdc_enum_range<X> &range, const FUNC &func,
-                        const std::string &findString = {}) {
+std::vector<T> getFlags(const xsdc_enum_range<X>& range, const FUNC& func,
+                        const std::string& findString = {},
+                        const std::set<X>& excludedValues = {}) {
     std::vector<T> vec;
     for (const auto &xsdEnumVal : range) {
         T enumVal;
         std::string enumString = toString(xsdEnumVal);
         if (enumString.find(findString) != std::string::npos &&
+            (excludedValues.find(xsdEnumVal) == excludedValues.end()) &&
             func(enumString.c_str(), &enumVal)) {
             vec.push_back(enumVal);
         }
@@ -102,13 +104,29 @@
     getFlags<audio_stream_type_t, xsd::AudioStreamType, decltype(audio_stream_type_from_string)>(
         xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioStreamType>{}, audio_stream_type_from_string);
 
+/**
+ * AudioFormat - AUDIO_FORMAT_HE_AAC_V1 and AUDIO_FORMAT_HE_AAC_V2
+ * are excluded from kFormats[] in order to avoid the abort triggered
+ * for these two types of AudioFormat in
+ * AidlConversion::legacy2aidl_audio_format_t_AudioFormatDescription()
+ */
 static const std::vector<audio_format_t> kFormats =
-    getFlags<audio_format_t, xsd::AudioFormat, decltype(audio_format_from_string)>(
-        xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioFormat>{}, audio_format_from_string);
+        getFlags<audio_format_t, xsd::AudioFormat, decltype(audio_format_from_string)>(
+                xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioFormat>{}, audio_format_from_string, {},
+                {xsd::AudioFormat::AUDIO_FORMAT_HE_AAC_V1,
+                 xsd::AudioFormat::AUDIO_FORMAT_HE_AAC_V2});
 
+/**
+ * AudioChannelMask - AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_6
+ * is excluded from kChannelMasks[] in order to avoid the abort triggered
+ * for this type of AudioChannelMask in
+ * AidlConversion::legacy2aidl_audio_channel_mask_t_AudioChannelLayout()
+ */
 static const std::vector<audio_channel_mask_t> kChannelMasks =
-    getFlags<audio_channel_mask_t, xsd::AudioChannelMask, decltype(audio_channel_mask_from_string)>(
-        xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioChannelMask>{}, audio_channel_mask_from_string);
+        getFlags<audio_channel_mask_t, xsd::AudioChannelMask,
+                 decltype(audio_channel_mask_from_string)>(
+                xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioChannelMask>{}, audio_channel_mask_from_string, {},
+                {xsd::AudioChannelMask::AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_6});
 
 static const std::vector<audio_usage_t> kUsages =
     getFlags<audio_usage_t, xsd::AudioUsage, decltype(audio_usage_from_string)>(
@@ -126,9 +144,17 @@
     getFlags<audio_gain_mode_t, xsd::AudioGainMode, decltype(audio_gain_mode_from_string)>(
         xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioGainMode>{}, audio_gain_mode_from_string);
 
+/**
+ * AudioDevice - AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_AMBIENT and AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_COMMUNICATION
+ * are excluded from kDevices[] in order to avoid the abort triggered
+ * for these two types of AudioDevice in
+ * AidlConversion::aidl2legacy_AudioDeviceDescription_audio_devices_t()
+ */
 static const std::vector<audio_devices_t> kDevices =
-    getFlags<audio_devices_t, xsd::AudioDevice, decltype(audio_device_from_string)>(
-        xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioDevice>{}, audio_device_from_string);
+        getFlags<audio_devices_t, xsd::AudioDevice, decltype(audio_device_from_string)>(
+                xsdc_enum_range<xsd::AudioDevice>{}, audio_device_from_string, {},
+                {xsd::AudioDevice::AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_AMBIENT,
+                 xsd::AudioDevice::AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_COMMUNICATION});
 
 static const std::vector<audio_input_flags_t> kInputFlags =
     getFlags<audio_input_flags_t, xsd::AudioInOutFlag, decltype(audio_input_flag_from_string)>(
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h
index fbb1100..cab476e 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
     status_t readFromParcel(Parcel *parcel);
     status_t writeToParcel(Parcel *parcel) const;
 
+    bool isExcludeCriterion() const;
     union {
         audio_usage_t   mUsage;
         audio_source_t  mSource;
@@ -88,23 +89,24 @@
     static const uint32_t kCbFlagNotifyActivity = 0x1;
 
     AudioMix() {}
-    AudioMix(Vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> criteria, uint32_t mixType, audio_config_t format,
-             uint32_t routeFlags, String8 registrationId, uint32_t flags) :
+    AudioMix(const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> &criteria, uint32_t mixType,
+             audio_config_t format, uint32_t routeFlags,const String8 &registrationId,
+             uint32_t flags) :
         mCriteria(criteria), mMixType(mixType), mFormat(format),
         mRouteFlags(routeFlags), mDeviceAddress(registrationId), mCbFlags(flags){}
 
     status_t readFromParcel(Parcel *parcel);
     status_t writeToParcel(Parcel *parcel) const;
 
-    void setExcludeUid(uid_t uid) const;
-    void setMatchUid(uid_t uid) const;
+    void setExcludeUid(uid_t uid);
+    void setMatchUid(uid_t uid);
     /** returns true if this mix has a rule to match or exclude the given uid */
     bool hasUidRule(bool match, uid_t uid) const;
     /** returns true if this mix has a rule for uid match (any uid) */
     bool hasMatchUidRule() const;
 
-    void setExcludeUserId(int userId) const;
-    void setMatchUserId(int userId) const;
+    void setExcludeUserId(int userId);
+    void setMatchUserId(int userId);
     /** returns true if this mix has a rule to match or exclude the given userId */
     bool hasUserIdRule(bool match, int userId) const;
     /** returns true if this mix has a rule for userId match (any userId) */
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@
     /** returns true if this mix can be used for uid-device affinity routing */
     bool isDeviceAffinityCompatible() const;
 
-    mutable Vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mCriteria;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mCriteria;
     uint32_t        mMixType;
     audio_config_t  mFormat;
     uint32_t        mRouteFlags;
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h
index 9411f46..1c414ec 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h
@@ -26,8 +26,11 @@
 #include <android/media/AudioVibratorInfo.h>
 #include <android/media/BnAudioFlingerClient.h>
 #include <android/media/BnAudioPolicyServiceClient.h>
+#include <android/media/EffectDescriptor.h>
 #include <android/media/INativeSpatializerCallback.h>
 #include <android/media/ISpatializer.h>
+#include <android/media/RecordClientInfo.h>
+#include <android/media/audio/common/AudioConfigBase.h>
 #include <android/media/audio/common/AudioMMapPolicyInfo.h>
 #include <android/media/audio/common/AudioMMapPolicyType.h>
 #include <android/media/audio/common/AudioPort.h>
@@ -279,12 +282,31 @@
     static status_t setForceUse(audio_policy_force_use_t usage, audio_policy_forced_cfg_t config);
     static audio_policy_forced_cfg_t getForceUse(audio_policy_force_use_t usage);
 
+    /**
+     * Get output stream for given parameters.
+     *
+     * @param[in] attr the requested audio attributes
+     * @param[in|out] output the io handle of the output for the playback. It is specified when
+     *                       starting mmap thread.
+     * @param[in] session the session id for the client
+     * @param[in|out] stream the stream type used for the playback
+     * @param[in] attributionSource a source to which access to permission protected data
+     * @param[in|out] config the requested configuration client, the suggested configuration will
+     *                       be returned if no proper output is found for requested configuration
+     * @param[in] flags the requested output flag from client
+     * @param[in|out] selectedDeviceId the requested device id for playback, the actual device id
+     *                                 for playback will be returned
+     * @param[out] portId the generated port id to identify the client
+     * @param[out] secondaryOutputs collection of io handle for secondary outputs
+     * @param[out] isSpatialized true if the playback will be spatialized
+     * @return if the call is successful or not
+     */
     static status_t getOutputForAttr(audio_attributes_t *attr,
                                      audio_io_handle_t *output,
                                      audio_session_t session,
                                      audio_stream_type_t *stream,
                                      const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                                     const audio_config_t *config,
+                                     audio_config_t *config,
                                      audio_output_flags_t flags,
                                      audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                                      audio_port_handle_t *portId,
@@ -294,14 +316,31 @@
     static status_t stopOutput(audio_port_handle_t portId);
     static void releaseOutput(audio_port_handle_t portId);
 
-    // Client must successfully hand off the handle reference to AudioFlinger via createRecord(),
-    // or release it with releaseInput().
+    /**
+     * Get input stream for given parameters.
+     * Client must successfully hand off the handle reference to AudioFlinger via createRecord(),
+     * or release it with releaseInput().
+     *
+     * @param[in] attr the requested audio attributes
+     * @param[in|out] input the io handle of the input for the capture. It is specified when
+     *                      starting mmap thread.
+     * @param[in] riid an unique id to identify the record client
+     * @param[in] session the session id for the client
+     * @param[in] attributionSource a source to which access to permission protected data
+     * @param[in|out] config the requested configuration client, the suggested configuration will
+     *                       be returned if no proper input is found for requested configuration
+     * @param[in] flags the requested input flag from client
+     * @param[in|out] selectedDeviceId the requested device id for playback, the actual device id
+     *                                 for playback will be returned
+     * @param[out] portId the generated port id to identify the client
+     * @return if the call is successful or not
+     */
     static status_t getInputForAttr(const audio_attributes_t *attr,
                                     audio_io_handle_t *input,
                                     audio_unique_id_t riid,
                                     audio_session_t session,
-                                     const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                                    const audio_config_base_t *config,
+                                    const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
+                                    audio_config_base_t *config,
                                     audio_input_flags_t flags,
                                     audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                                     audio_port_handle_t *portId);
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
index b6ee483..e873607 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_AUDIOTRACK_H
 #define ANDROID_AUDIOTRACK_H
 
+#include <audiomanager/IAudioManager.h>
 #include <binder/IMemory.h>
 #include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <media/AudioSystem.h>
@@ -1145,6 +1146,8 @@
             void setAudioTrackCallback(const sp<media::IAudioTrackCallback>& callback) {
                 mAudioTrackCallback->setAudioTrackCallback(callback);
             }
+ private:
+            void triggerPortIdUpdate_l();
 
  protected:
     /* copying audio tracks is not allowed */
@@ -1411,7 +1414,7 @@
 
     audio_session_t         mSessionId;
     int                     mAuxEffectId;
-    audio_port_handle_t     mPortId;                    // Id from Audio Policy Manager
+    audio_port_handle_t     mPortId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE; // Id from Audio Policy Manager
 
     /**
      * mPlayerIId is the player id of the AudioTrack used by AudioManager.
@@ -1419,6 +1422,9 @@
      */
     int                     mPlayerIId = -1;  // AudioManager.h PLAYER_PIID_INVALID
 
+    /** Interface for interacting with the AudioService. */
+    sp<IAudioManager>       mAudioManager;
+
     /**
      * mLogSessionId is a string identifying this AudioTrack for the metrics service.
      * It may be unique or shared with other objects.  An empty string means the
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/PlayerBase.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/PlayerBase.h
index 23b6bfd..5475f76 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/PlayerBase.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/PlayerBase.h
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@
 
             void baseUpdateDeviceId(audio_port_handle_t deviceId);
 
+            /**
+             * Updates the mapping in the AudioService between portId and piid
+             */
+            void triggerPortIdUpdate(audio_port_handle_t portId) const;
 protected:
 
             void init(player_type_t playerType, audio_usage_t usage, audio_session_t sessionId);
@@ -74,7 +78,6 @@
     // player interface ID, uniquely identifies the player in the system
     // effectively const after PlayerBase::init().
     audio_unique_id_t mPIId;
-
 private:
             // report events to AudioService
             void servicePlayerEvent(player_state_t event, audio_port_handle_t deviceId);
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/tests/audioclient_serialization_tests.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/tests/audioclient_serialization_tests.cpp
index 93baefd6..ef8500b 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/tests/audioclient_serialization_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/tests/audioclient_serialization_tests.cpp
@@ -189,12 +189,13 @@
 TEST_F(SerializationTest, AudioMixBinderization) {
     for (int j = 0; j < 512; j++) {
         const std::string msg{"Test AMBinderization for seed::" + std::to_string(mSeed)};
-        Vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> criteria;
+        std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> criteria;
+        criteria.reserve(16);
         for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
             AudioMixMatchCriterion ammc{kUsages[rand() % kUsages.size()],
                                         kInputSources[rand() % kInputSources.size()],
                                         kMixMatchRules[rand() % kMixMatchRules.size()]};
-            criteria.add(ammc);
+            criteria.push_back(ammc);
         }
         audio_config_t config{};
         config.sample_rate = 48000;
diff --git a/media/libaudiofoundation/DeviceDescriptorBase.cpp b/media/libaudiofoundation/DeviceDescriptorBase.cpp
index 5ffbffc..91efb96 100644
--- a/media/libaudiofoundation/DeviceDescriptorBase.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudiofoundation/DeviceDescriptorBase.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,14 @@
                     "%*sEncapsulation modes: %u, metadata types: %u\n", spaces, "",
                     mEncapsulationModes, mEncapsulationMetadataTypes));
 
-    AudioPort::dump(dst, spaces, nullptr, verbose);
+    std::string portStr;
+    AudioPort::dump(&portStr, spaces, nullptr, verbose);
+    if (!portStr.empty()) {
+        if (!mName.empty()) {
+            dst->append(base::StringPrintf("%*s", spaces, ""));
+        }
+        dst->append(portStr);
+    }
 }
 
 std::string DeviceDescriptorBase::toString(bool includeSensitiveInfo) const
diff --git a/media/libaudiofoundation/TEST_MAPPING b/media/libaudiofoundation/TEST_MAPPING
index efe8437..dbae9a0 100644
--- a/media/libaudiofoundation/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/media/libaudiofoundation/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -2,12 +2,23 @@
   "presubmit": [
     {
       "name": "audiofoundation_parcelable_test"
-    },
+    }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
       "options" : [
         {
-          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic.*"
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__OUTPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__OUTPUT"
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/TEST_MAPPING b/media/libaudiohal/TEST_MAPPING
index 3de5a9f..9aff137 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 {
-  "presubmit": [
+  "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
       "options" : [
         {
-          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic.*"
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__OUTPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__OUTPUT"
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/media/libaudioprocessing/TEST_MAPPING b/media/libaudioprocessing/TEST_MAPPING
index 3de5a9f..9aff137 100644
--- a/media/libaudioprocessing/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/media/libaudioprocessing/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 {
-  "presubmit": [
+  "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
       "options" : [
         {
-          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic.*"
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__OUTPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__OUTPUT"
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp b/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp
index 3137e13..d8cf20e 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -94,6 +95,33 @@
     return defaultValue;
 }
 
+std::string hapticParamToString(const struct HapticGeneratorParam& param) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "\t\tHapticGenerator Parameters:\n";
+    ss << "\t\t- resonant frequency: " << param.resonantFrequency << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- bpf Q: " << param.bpfQ << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- slow env normalization power: " << param.slowEnvNormalizationPower << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- bsf zero Q: " << param.bsfZeroQ << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- bsf pole Q: " << param.bsfPoleQ << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- distortion corner frequency: " << param.distortionCornerFrequency << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- distortion input gain: " << param.distortionInputGain << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- distortion cube threshold: " << param.distortionCubeThreshold << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- distortion output gain: " << param.distortionOutputGain << '\n';
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+std::string hapticSettingToString(const struct HapticGeneratorParam& param) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "\t\tHaptic setting:\n";
+    ss << "\t\t- tracks intensity map:\n";
+    for (const auto&[id, intensity] : param.id2Intensity) {
+        ss << "\t\t\t- id=" << id << ", intensity=" << (int) intensity;
+    }
+    ss << "\t\t- max intensity: " << (int) param.maxHapticIntensity << '\n';
+    ss << "\t\t- max haptic amplitude: " << param.maxHapticAmplitude << '\n';
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
 int HapticGenerator_Init(struct HapticGeneratorContext *context) {
     context->itfe = &gHapticGeneratorInterface;
 
@@ -129,7 +157,7 @@
     context->param.distortionCubeThreshold = 0.1f;
     context->param.distortionOutputGain = getFloatProperty(
             "vendor.audio.hapticgenerator.distortion.output.gain", DEFAULT_DISTORTION_OUTPUT_GAIN);
-    ALOGD("Using distortion output gain as %f", context->param.distortionOutputGain);
+    ALOGD("%s\n%s", __func__, hapticParamToString(context->param).c_str());
 
     context->state = HAPTICGENERATOR_STATE_INITIALIZED;
     return 0;
@@ -289,6 +317,7 @@
         }
         int id = *(int *) value;
         os::HapticScale hapticIntensity = static_cast<os::HapticScale>(*((int *) value + 1));
+        ALOGD("Setting haptic intensity as %d", hapticIntensity);
         if (hapticIntensity == os::HapticScale::MUTE) {
             context->param.id2Intensity.erase(id);
         } else {
@@ -313,6 +342,10 @@
         context->param.bsfZeroQ = isnan(qFactor) ? DEFAULT_BSF_POLE_Q : qFactor;
         context->param.bsfPoleQ = context->param.bsfZeroQ / 2.0f;
         context->param.maxHapticAmplitude = maxAmplitude;
+        ALOGD("Updating vibrator info, resonantFrequency=%f, bsfZeroQ=%f, bsfPoleQ=%f, "
+              "maxHapticAmplitude=%f",
+              context->param.resonantFrequency, context->param.bsfZeroQ, context->param.bsfPoleQ,
+              context->param.maxHapticAmplitude);
 
         if (context->processorsRecord.bpf != nullptr) {
             context->processorsRecord.bpf->setCoefficients(
@@ -358,6 +391,11 @@
     return in;
 }
 
+void HapticGenerator_Dump(int32_t fd, const struct HapticGeneratorParam& param) {
+    dprintf(fd, "%s", hapticParamToString(param).c_str());
+    dprintf(fd, "%s", hapticSettingToString(param).c_str());
+}
+
 } // namespace (anonymous)
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -562,6 +600,10 @@
         case EFFECT_CMD_SET_AUDIO_MODE:
             break;
 
+        case EFFECT_CMD_DUMP:
+            HapticGenerator_Dump(*(reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(cmdData)), context->param);
+            break;
+
         default:
             ALOGW("HapticGenerator_Command invalid command %u", cmdCode);
             return -EINVAL;
diff --git a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
index 1b8656d..691eede 100644
--- a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
+++ b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
@@ -344,19 +344,22 @@
     mFrameDecoded = false;
     mFrameMemory.clear();
 
-    mRetriever = new MediaMetadataRetriever();
-    status_t err = mRetriever->setDataSource(mDataSource, "image/heif");
+    sp<MediaMetadataRetriever> retriever = new MediaMetadataRetriever();
+    status_t err = retriever->setDataSource(mDataSource, "image/heif");
     if (err != OK) {
         ALOGE("failed to set data source!");
-
         mRetriever.clear();
         mDataSource.clear();
         return false;
     }
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mRetrieverLock);
+        mRetriever = retriever;
+    }
     ALOGV("successfully set data source.");
 
-    const char* hasImage = mRetriever->extractMetadata(METADATA_KEY_HAS_IMAGE);
-    const char* hasVideo = mRetriever->extractMetadata(METADATA_KEY_HAS_VIDEO);
+    const char* hasImage = retriever->extractMetadata(METADATA_KEY_HAS_IMAGE);
+    const char* hasVideo = retriever->extractMetadata(METADATA_KEY_HAS_VIDEO);
 
     mHasImage = hasImage && !strcasecmp(hasImage, "yes");
     mHasVideo = hasVideo && !strcasecmp(hasVideo, "yes");
@@ -364,7 +367,7 @@
     HeifFrameInfo* defaultInfo = nullptr;
     if (mHasImage) {
         // image index < 0 to retrieve primary image
-        sp<IMemory> sharedMem = mRetriever->getImageAtIndex(
+        sp<IMemory> sharedMem = retriever->getImageAtIndex(
                 -1, mOutputColor, true /*metaOnly*/);
 
         if (sharedMem == nullptr || sharedMem->unsecurePointer() == nullptr) {
@@ -399,7 +402,7 @@
     }
 
     if (mHasVideo) {
-        sp<IMemory> sharedMem = mRetriever->getFrameAtTime(0,
+        sp<IMemory> sharedMem = retriever->getFrameAtTime(0,
                 MediaSource::ReadOptions::SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC,
                 mOutputColor, true /*metaOnly*/);
 
@@ -425,7 +428,7 @@
 
         initFrameInfo(&mSequenceInfo, videoFrame);
 
-        const char* frameCount = mRetriever->extractMetadata(METADATA_KEY_VIDEO_FRAME_COUNT);
+        const char* frameCount = retriever->extractMetadata(METADATA_KEY_VIDEO_FRAME_COUNT);
         if (frameCount == nullptr) {
             android_errorWriteWithInfoLog(0x534e4554, "215002587", -1, NULL, 0);
             ALOGD("No valid sequence information in metadata");
@@ -511,14 +514,27 @@
 }
 
 bool HeifDecoderImpl::decodeAsync() {
+    wp<MediaMetadataRetriever> weakRetriever;
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mRetrieverLock);
+        weakRetriever = mRetriever;
+        mRetriever.clear();
+    }
+
     for (size_t i = 1; i < mNumSlices; i++) {
+        sp<MediaMetadataRetriever> retriever = weakRetriever.promote();
+        if (retriever == nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         ALOGV("decodeAsync(): decoding slice %zu", i);
         size_t top = i * mSliceHeight;
         size_t bottom = (i + 1) * mSliceHeight;
         if (bottom > mImageInfo.mHeight) {
             bottom = mImageInfo.mHeight;
         }
-        sp<IMemory> frameMemory = mRetriever->getImageRectAtIndex(
+
+        sp<IMemory> frameMemory = retriever->getImageRectAtIndex(
                 -1, mOutputColor, 0, top, mImageInfo.mWidth, bottom);
         {
             Mutex::Autolock autolock(mLock);
@@ -534,9 +550,6 @@
             mScanlineReady.signal();
         }
     }
-    // Aggressive clear to avoid holding on to resources
-    mRetriever.clear();
-
     // Hold on to mDataSource in case the client wants to redecode.
     return false;
 }
@@ -549,6 +562,17 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    sp<MediaMetadataRetriever> retriever;
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mRetrieverLock);
+        if (mRetriever == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("Failed to get MediaMetadataRetriever!");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        retriever = mRetriever;
+    }
+
     // See if we want to decode in slices to allow client to start
     // scanline processing in parallel with decode. If this fails
     // we fallback to decoding the full frame.
@@ -563,7 +587,7 @@
 
         if (mNumSlices > 1) {
             // get first slice and metadata
-            sp<IMemory> frameMemory = mRetriever->getImageRectAtIndex(
+            sp<IMemory> frameMemory = retriever->getImageRectAtIndex(
                     -1, mOutputColor, 0, 0, mImageInfo.mWidth, mSliceHeight);
 
             if (frameMemory == nullptr || frameMemory->unsecurePointer() == nullptr) {
@@ -598,9 +622,9 @@
 
     if (mHasImage) {
         // image index < 0 to retrieve primary image
-        mFrameMemory = mRetriever->getImageAtIndex(-1, mOutputColor);
+        mFrameMemory = retriever->getImageAtIndex(-1, mOutputColor);
     } else if (mHasVideo) {
-        mFrameMemory = mRetriever->getFrameAtTime(0,
+        mFrameMemory = retriever->getFrameAtTime(0,
                 MediaSource::ReadOptions::SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC, mOutputColor);
     }
 
@@ -658,7 +682,17 @@
     // set total scanline to sequence height now
     mTotalScanline = mSequenceInfo.mHeight;
 
-    mFrameMemory = mRetriever->getFrameAtIndex(frameIndex, mOutputColor);
+    sp<MediaMetadataRetriever> retriever;
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mRetrieverLock);
+        retriever = mRetriever;
+        if (retriever == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("failed to get MediaMetadataRetriever!");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mFrameMemory = retriever->getFrameAtIndex(frameIndex, mOutputColor);
     if (mFrameMemory == nullptr || mFrameMemory->unsecurePointer() == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("decode: videoFrame is a nullptr");
         return false;
@@ -735,9 +769,9 @@
     HeifFrameInfo* info = &mImageInfo;
     if (info != nullptr) {
         return mImageInfo.mBitDepth;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.h b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.h
index 86a8628..c1504cd 100644
--- a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.h
+++ b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.h
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@
     bool mHasVideo;
     size_t mSequenceLength;
 
+    Mutex mRetrieverLock;
+
     // Slice decoding only
     Mutex mLock;
     Condition mScanlineReady;
diff --git a/media/libheif/include/HeifDecoderAPI.h b/media/libheif/include/HeifDecoderAPI.h
index dc12486..56f4765 100644
--- a/media/libheif/include/HeifDecoderAPI.h
+++ b/media/libheif/include/HeifDecoderAPI.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
     int32_t  mRotationAngle;           // Rotation angle, clockwise, should be multiple of 90
     uint32_t mBytesPerPixel;           // Number of bytes for one pixel
     int64_t  mDurationUs;              // Duration of the frame in us
-    uint32_t mBitDepth;                // Number of bits for each of the R/G/B channels
+    uint32_t mBitDepth;                // Number of bits of R/G/B channel
     std::vector<uint8_t> mIccData;     // ICC data array
 };
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
     virtual size_t skipScanlines(size_t count) = 0;
 
     /*
-     * Returns color depth in bits for each of the R/G/B channels.
+     * Returns color depth of R/G/B channel.
      */
     virtual uint32_t getColorDepth() = 0;
 
diff --git a/media/libmedia/include/media/mediaplayer.h b/media/libmedia/include/media/mediaplayer.h
index de4c7db..b45dae5 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/include/media/mediaplayer.h
+++ b/media/libmedia/include/media/mediaplayer.h
@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@
     INVOKE_ID_SELECT_TRACK = 4,
     INVOKE_ID_UNSELECT_TRACK = 5,
     INVOKE_ID_SET_VIDEO_SCALING_MODE = 6,
-    INVOKE_ID_GET_SELECTED_TRACK = 7
+    INVOKE_ID_GET_SELECTED_TRACK = 7,
+    INVOKE_ID_SET_PLAYER_IID = 8,
 };
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/media/libmedia/tests/codeclist/Android.bp b/media/libmedia/tests/codeclist/Android.bp
index 2ed3126..d4494f6 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/tests/codeclist/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libmedia/tests/codeclist/Android.bp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "CodecListTest",
-    test_suites: ["device-tests", "mts"],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests", "mts-media"],
     gtest: true,
 
     // Support multilib variants (using different suffix per sub-architecture), which is needed on
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
index 8e19d02..f3cbdb0 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
@@ -1805,7 +1805,8 @@
 MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::AudioOutput(audio_session_t sessionId,
         const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, const audio_attributes_t* attr,
         const sp<AudioSystem::AudioDeviceCallback>& deviceCallback)
-    : mCallback(NULL),
+    : mCachedPlayerIId(PLAYER_PIID_INVALID),
+      mCallback(NULL),
       mCallbackCookie(NULL),
       mCallbackData(NULL),
       mStreamType(AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC),
@@ -2314,6 +2315,10 @@
         return t->applyVolumeShaper(shaper.mConfiguration, operationToEnd);
     });
 
+    if (mCachedPlayerIId != PLAYER_PIID_INVALID) {
+        t->setPlayerIId(mCachedPlayerIId);
+    }
+
     mSampleRateHz = sampleRate;
     mFlags = flags;
     mMsecsPerFrame = 1E3f / (mPlaybackRate.mSpeed * sampleRate);
@@ -2366,6 +2371,17 @@
     return NO_INIT;
 }
 
+void MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::setPlayerIId(int32_t playerIId)
+{
+    ALOGV("setPlayerIId(%d)", playerIId);
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);
+    mCachedPlayerIId = playerIId;
+
+    if (mTrack != nullptr) {
+        mTrack->setPlayerIId(mCachedPlayerIId);
+    }
+}
+
 void MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::setNextOutput(const sp<AudioOutput>& nextOutput) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);
     mNextOutput = nextOutput;
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.h
index 86be3fe..52c2f79 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.h
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@
                 bool doNotReconnect = false,
                 uint32_t suggestedFrameCount = 0);
 
+        virtual void            setPlayerIId(int32_t playerIId);
+
         virtual status_t        start();
         virtual ssize_t         write(const void* buffer, size_t size, bool blocking = true);
         virtual void            stop();
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@
         sp<AudioTrack>          mTrack;
         sp<AudioTrack>          mRecycledTrack;
         sp<AudioOutput>         mNextOutput;
+        int                     mCachedPlayerIId;
         AudioCallback           mCallback;
         void *                  mCallbackCookie;
         sp<CallbackData>        mCallbackData;
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediaplayer_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediaplayer_fuzzer.cpp
index 7799f44..a189d04 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediaplayer_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediaplayer_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include <media/IMediaRecorder.h>
 #include <media/IRemoteDisplay.h>
 #include <media/IRemoteDisplayClient.h>
+#include <media/MediaHTTPConnection.h>
+#include <media/MediaHTTPService.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/RemoteDataSource.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/base64.h>
 #include <thread>
@@ -102,6 +104,42 @@
     IBinder *onAsBinder() { return nullptr; };
 };
 
+struct TestMediaHTTPConnection : public MediaHTTPConnection {
+  public:
+    TestMediaHTTPConnection() {}
+    virtual ~TestMediaHTTPConnection() {}
+
+    virtual bool connect(const char* /*uri*/, const KeyedVector<String8, String8>* /*headers*/) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void disconnect() { return; }
+
+    virtual ssize_t readAt(off64_t /*offset*/, void* /*data*/, size_t size) { return size; }
+
+    virtual off64_t getSize() { return 0; }
+    virtual status_t getMIMEType(String8* /*mimeType*/) { return NO_ERROR; }
+    virtual status_t getUri(String8* /*uri*/) { return NO_ERROR; }
+
+  private:
+    DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TestMediaHTTPConnection);
+};
+
+struct TestMediaHTTPService : public BnInterface<IMediaHTTPService> {
+  public:
+    TestMediaHTTPService() {}
+    ~TestMediaHTTPService(){};
+
+    virtual sp<MediaHTTPConnection> makeHTTPConnection() {
+        mMediaHTTPConnection = sp<TestMediaHTTPConnection>::make();
+        return mMediaHTTPConnection;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    sp<TestMediaHTTPConnection> mMediaHTTPConnection = nullptr;
+    DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TestMediaHTTPService);
+};
+
 class BinderDeathNotifier : public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
    public:
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder> &) { abort(); }
@@ -140,7 +178,9 @@
             AString out;
             encodeBase64(uriSuffix.data(), uriSuffix.size(), &out);
             uri += out.c_str();
-            status = mMediaPlayer->setDataSource(nullptr /*httpService*/, uri.c_str(), &headers);
+            sp<TestMediaHTTPService> testService = sp<TestMediaHTTPService>::make();
+            status =
+                    mMediaPlayer->setDataSource(testService /*httpService*/, uri.c_str(), &headers);
             break;
         }
         case fd: {
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/include/MediaPlayerInterface.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/include/MediaPlayerInterface.h
index 1cbd8a0..fb20aab 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/include/MediaPlayerInterface.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/include/MediaPlayerInterface.h
@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@
                 bool doNotReconnect = false,
                 uint32_t suggestedFrameCount = 0) = 0;
 
+        virtual void        setPlayerIId(int32_t playerIId) = 0;
+
         virtual status_t    start() = 0;
 
         /* Input parameter |size| is in byte units stored in |buffer|.
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.cpp
index 2a50fc2..ceea2f4 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "NuPlayer.h"
 #include "NuPlayerSource.h"
 
+#include <audiomanager/AudioManager.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/ADebug.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/ALooper.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/AUtils.h>
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@
       mMediaClock(new MediaClock),
       mPlayer(new NuPlayer(pid, mMediaClock)),
       mPlayerFlags(0),
+      mCachedPlayerIId(PLAYER_PIID_INVALID),
       mMetricsItem(NULL),
       mClientUid(-1),
       mAtEOS(false),
@@ -804,6 +806,16 @@
             return mPlayer->getSelectedTrack(type, reply);
         }
 
+        case INVOKE_ID_SET_PLAYER_IID:
+        {
+            Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mAudioSinkLock);
+            mCachedPlayerIId = request.readInt32();
+            if (mAudioSink != nullptr) {
+                mAudioSink->setPlayerIId(mCachedPlayerIId);
+            }
+            return OK;
+        }
+
         default:
         {
             return INVALID_OPERATION;
@@ -812,8 +824,12 @@
 }
 
 void NuPlayerDriver::setAudioSink(const sp<AudioSink> &audioSink) {
+    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mAudioSinkLock);
     mPlayer->setAudioSink(audioSink);
     mAudioSink = audioSink;
+    if (mCachedPlayerIId != PLAYER_PIID_INVALID) {
+        mAudioSink->setPlayerIId(mCachedPlayerIId);
+    }
 }
 
 status_t NuPlayerDriver::setParameter(
@@ -1027,6 +1043,7 @@
             if (mState != STATE_RESET_IN_PROGRESS) {
                 if (mAutoLoop) {
                     audio_stream_type_t streamType = AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC;
+                    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mAudioSinkLock);
                     if (mAudioSink != NULL) {
                         streamType = mAudioSink->getAudioStreamType();
                     }
@@ -1037,6 +1054,7 @@
                 }
                 if (mLooping || mAutoLoop) {
                     mPlayer->seekToAsync(0);
+                    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mAudioSinkLock);
                     if (mAudioSink != NULL) {
                         // The renderer has stopped the sink at the end in order to play out
                         // the last little bit of audio. If we're looping, we need to restart it.
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/include/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/include/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.h
index 55a0fad..138cd6f 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/include/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/include/nuplayer/NuPlayerDriver.h
@@ -140,9 +140,12 @@
     sp<ALooper> mLooper;
     const sp<MediaClock> mMediaClock;
     const sp<NuPlayer> mPlayer;
-    sp<AudioSink> mAudioSink;
     uint32_t mPlayerFlags;
 
+    mutable Mutex mAudioSinkLock;
+    sp<AudioSink> mAudioSink GUARDED_BY(mAudioSinkLock);
+    int32_t mCachedPlayerIId GUARDED_BY(mAudioSinkLock);
+
     mediametrics::Item *mMetricsItem;
     mutable Mutex mMetricsLock;
     uid_t mClientUid;
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/tests/DrmSessionManager_test.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/tests/DrmSessionManager_test.cpp
index 2beb47f..30f6a91 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/tests/DrmSessionManager_test.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/tests/DrmSessionManager_test.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include <aidl/android/media/BnResourceManagerService.h>
 
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/ADebug.h>
-#include <media/stagefright/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
 #include <mediadrm/DrmSessionManager.h>
+#include <mediautils/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iostream>
diff --git a/media/libnblog/Reader.cpp b/media/libnblog/Reader.cpp
index 67d028d..d6232d4 100644
--- a/media/libnblog/Reader.cpp
+++ b/media/libnblog/Reader.cpp
@@ -208,11 +208,14 @@
     }
     while (back + Entry::kPreviousLengthOffset >= front) {
         const uint8_t *prev = back - back[Entry::kPreviousLengthOffset] - Entry::kOverhead;
-        const Event type = (const Event)prev[offsetof(entry, type)];
         if (prev < front
-                || prev + prev[offsetof(entry, length)] + Entry::kOverhead != back
-                || type <= EVENT_RESERVED || type >= EVENT_UPPER_BOUND) {
-            // prev points to an out of limits or inconsistent entry
+                || prev + prev[offsetof(entry, length)] + Entry::kOverhead != back) {
+            // prev points to an out of limits entry
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        const Event type = (const Event)prev[offsetof(entry, type)];
+        if (type <= EVENT_RESERVED || type >= EVENT_UPPER_BOUND) {
+            // prev points to an inconsistent entry
             return nullptr;
         }
         // if invalidTypes does not contain the type, then the type is valid.
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp b/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
index ce4b4e6..6de112a 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@
         return ERROR_MALFORMED;
     }
 
-    int32_t width, height, stride, srcFormat;
+    int32_t width, height, stride;
     if (outputFormat->findInt32("width", &width) == false) {
         ALOGE("MediaImageDecoder::onOutputReceived:width is missing in outputFormat");
         return ERROR_MALFORMED;
@@ -930,10 +930,9 @@
         ALOGE("MediaImageDecoder::onOutputReceived:stride is missing in outputFormat");
         return ERROR_MALFORMED;
     }
-    if (outputFormat->findInt32("color-format", &srcFormat) == false) {
-        ALOGE("MediaImageDecoder::onOutputReceived: color format is missing in outputFormat");
-        return ERROR_MALFORMED;
-    }
+
+    int32_t srcFormat;
+    CHECK(outputFormat->findInt32("color-format", &srcFormat));
 
     uint32_t bitDepth = 8;
     if (COLOR_FormatYUVP010 == srcFormat) {
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
index 386b790..a78fb30 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@
     void bufferChunk(int64_t timestampUs);
     bool isAvc() const { return mIsAvc; }
     bool isHevc() const { return mIsHevc; }
+    bool isAv1() const { return mIsAv1; }
     bool isHeic() const { return mIsHeic; }
     bool isAudio() const { return mIsAudio; }
     bool isMPEG4() const { return mIsMPEG4; }
@@ -319,6 +320,7 @@
     volatile bool mStarted;
     bool mIsAvc;
     bool mIsHevc;
+    bool mIsAv1;
     bool mIsDovi;
     bool mIsAudio;
     bool mIsVideo;
@@ -467,6 +469,7 @@
     void writePaspBox();
     void writeAvccBox();
     void writeHvccBox();
+    void writeAv1cBox();
     void writeDoviConfigBox();
     void writeUrlBox();
     void writeDrefBox();
@@ -660,6 +663,8 @@
             return "avc1";
         } else if (!strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC, mime)) {
             return "hvc1";
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AV1, mime)) {
+            return "av01";
         }
     } else if (!strncasecmp(mime, "application/", 12)) {
         return "mett";
@@ -1541,6 +1546,15 @@
             writeFourcc("isom");
             writeFourcc("mp42");
         }
+        // If an AV1 video track is present, write "av01" as one of the
+        // compatible brands.
+        for (List<Track *>::iterator it = mTracks.begin(); it != mTracks.end();
+             ++it) {
+            if ((*it)->isAv1()) {
+                writeFourcc("av01");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     endBox();
@@ -2205,6 +2219,7 @@
     mMeta->findCString(kKeyMIMEType, &mime);
     mIsAvc = !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC);
     mIsHevc = !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC);
+    mIsAv1 = !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AV1);
     mIsDovi = !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_DOLBY_VISION);
     mIsAudio = !strncasecmp(mime, "audio/", 6);
     mIsVideo = !strncasecmp(mime, "video/", 6);
@@ -2639,6 +2654,8 @@
     } else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC) ||
                !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_IMAGE_ANDROID_HEIC)) {
         mMeta->findData(kKeyHVCC, &type, &data, &size);
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AV1)) {
+        mMeta->findData(kKeyAV1C, &type, &data, &size);
     } else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_DOLBY_VISION)) {
         getDolbyVisionProfile();
         if (!mMeta->findData(kKeyAVCC, &type, &data, &size) &&
@@ -4262,6 +4279,7 @@
         !strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_MPEG4, mime) ||
         !strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, mime) ||
         !strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC, mime) ||
+        !strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AV1, mime) ||
         !strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_DOLBY_VISION, mime) ||
         !strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_IMAGE_ANDROID_HEIC, mime)) {
         if (!mCodecSpecificData ||
@@ -4433,6 +4451,8 @@
         writeAvccBox();
     } else if (!strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC, mime)) {
         writeHvccBox();
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AV1, mime)) {
+        writeAv1cBox();
     } else if (!strcasecmp(MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_DOLBY_VISION, mime)) {
         if (mDoviProfile <= DolbyVisionProfileDvheSt) {
             writeHvccBox();
@@ -5000,6 +5020,15 @@
     mOwner->endBox();  // hvcC
 }
 
+void MPEG4Writer::Track::writeAv1cBox() {
+    CHECK(mCodecSpecificData);
+    CHECK_GE(mCodecSpecificDataSize, 4u);
+
+    mOwner->beginBox("av1C");
+    mOwner->write(mCodecSpecificData, mCodecSpecificDataSize);
+    mOwner->endBox();  // av1C
+}
+
 void MPEG4Writer::Track::writeDoviConfigBox() {
     CHECK_NE(mDoviProfile, 0u);
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MediaClock.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MediaClock.cpp
index 24608a7..ed0819d 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MediaClock.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MediaClock.cpp
@@ -110,8 +110,12 @@
     if (mAnchorTimeRealUs != -1) {
         int64_t oldNowMediaUs =
             mAnchorTimeMediaUs + (nowUs - mAnchorTimeRealUs) * (double)mPlaybackRate;
-        if (nowMediaUs < oldNowMediaUs + kAnchorFluctuationAllowedUs
-                && nowMediaUs > oldNowMediaUs - kAnchorFluctuationAllowedUs) {
+        // earlier, we ensured that the anchor times are non-negative and the
+        // math to calculate the now/oldNow times stays non-negative.
+        // by casting into uint64_t, we gain headroom to avoid any overflows at the upper end
+        // when adding the fluctuation allowance.
+        if ((uint64_t)nowMediaUs < (uint64_t)oldNowMediaUs + kAnchorFluctuationAllowedUs
+                && (uint64_t)nowMediaUs + kAnchorFluctuationAllowedUs > (uint64_t)oldNowMediaUs) {
             return;
         }
     }
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_c2_video.xml b/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_c2_video.xml
index 3509ef8..03d8b78 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_c2_video.xml
+++ b/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_google_c2_video.xml
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
         <MediaCodec name="c2.android.vp8.decoder" type="video/x-vnd.on2.vp8">
             <Alias name="OMX.google.vp8.decoder" />
             <Limit name="size" min="2x2" max="2048x2048" />
-            <Limit name="alignment" value="2x2" />
+            <Limit name="alignment" value="1x1" />
             <Limit name="block-size" value="16x16" />
             <Limit name="block-count" range="1-16384" />
             <Limit name="blocks-per-second" range="1-1000000" />
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
         <MediaCodec name="c2.android.vp9.decoder" type="video/x-vnd.on2.vp9">
             <Alias name="OMX.google.vp9.decoder" />
             <Limit name="size" min="2x2" max="2048x2048" />
-            <Limit name="alignment" value="2x2" />
+            <Limit name="alignment" value="1x1" />
             <Limit name="block-size" value="16x16" />
             <Limit name="block-count" range="1-16384" />
             <Limit name="blocks-per-second" range="1-500000" />
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_sw.xml b/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_sw.xml
index ec75e79..d667685 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_sw.xml
+++ b/media/libstagefright/data/media_codecs_sw.xml
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
         <MediaCodec name="c2.android.vp8.decoder" type="video/x-vnd.on2.vp8" variant="slow-cpu,!slow-cpu">
             <Alias name="OMX.google.vp8.decoder" />
             <Limit name="size" min="2x2" max="2048x2048" />
-            <Limit name="alignment" value="2x2" />
+            <Limit name="alignment" value="1x1" />
             <Limit name="block-size" value="16x16" />
             <Variant name="!slow-cpu">
                 <Limit name="block-count" range="1-16384" />
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
         </MediaCodec>
         <MediaCodec name="c2.android.vp9.decoder" type="video/x-vnd.on2.vp9" variant="slow-cpu,!slow-cpu">
             <Alias name="OMX.google.vp9.decoder" />
-            <Limit name="alignment" value="2x2" />
+            <Limit name="alignment" value="1x1" />
             <Limit name="block-size" value="16x16" />
             <Variant name="!slow-cpu">
                 <Limit name="size" min="2x2" max="2048x2048" />
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
index bebd516..c82a303 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
     // that a new message is available on the queue. Otherwise, the message stays on the queue, but
     // the listener is not notified of it. It will process this message when a subsequent message
     // is posted with |realTime| set to true.
-    void post(const omx_message &msg, bool realTime = true);
+    void post(const omx_message &msg, bool realTime);
 
     bool loop();
 
@@ -325,18 +325,15 @@
 
 private:
     enum {
-        // This is used for frame_rendered message batching, which will eventually end up in a
-        // single AMessage in MediaCodec when it is signaled to the app. AMessage can contain
-        // up-to 64 key-value pairs, and each frame_rendered message uses 2 keys, so the max
-        // value for this would be 32. Nonetheless, limit this to 12 to which gives at least 10
-        // mseconds of batching at 120Hz.
-        kMaxQueueSize = 12,
+        // Don't delay non-realtime messages longer than 200ms
+        kMaxBatchedDelayNs = 200 * 1000 * 1000,
     };
 
     Mutex mLock;
 
     sp<OMXNodeInstance> const mOwner;
     bool mDone;
+    bool mHasBatchedMessages;
     Condition mQueueChanged;
     std::list<omx_message> mQueue;
 
@@ -350,7 +347,8 @@
 
 OMXNodeInstance::CallbackDispatcher::CallbackDispatcher(const sp<OMXNodeInstance> &owner)
     : mOwner(owner),
-      mDone(false) {
+      mDone(false),
+      mHasBatchedMessages(false) {
     mThread = new CallbackDispatcherThread(this);
     mThread->run("OMXCallbackDisp", ANDROID_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
 }
@@ -358,7 +356,6 @@
 OMXNodeInstance::CallbackDispatcher::~CallbackDispatcher() {
     {
         Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
-
         mDone = true;
         mQueueChanged.signal();
     }
@@ -377,8 +374,11 @@
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
 
     mQueue.push_back(msg);
-    if (realTime || mQueue.size() >= kMaxQueueSize) {
+    if (realTime) {
         mQueueChanged.signal();
+    } else if (!mHasBatchedMessages) {
+        mHasBatchedMessages = true;
+        mQueueChanged.signal(); // The first non-realtime message is not batched.
     }
 }
 
@@ -393,11 +393,16 @@
 bool OMXNodeInstance::CallbackDispatcher::loop() {
     for (;;) {
         std::list<omx_message> messages;
+        std::list<long long> messageTimestamps;
 
         {
             Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
             while (!mDone && mQueue.empty()) {
-                mQueueChanged.wait(mLock);
+                if (mHasBatchedMessages) {
+                    mQueueChanged.waitRelative(mLock, kMaxBatchedDelayNs);
+                } else {
+                    mQueueChanged.wait(mLock);
+                }
             }
 
             if (mDone) {
@@ -2447,7 +2452,7 @@
     msg.type = omx_message::EMPTY_BUFFER_DONE;
     msg.fenceFd = fenceFd;
     msg.u.buffer_data.buffer = instance->findBufferID(pBuffer);
-    instance->mDispatcher->post(msg);
+    instance->mDispatcher->post(msg, true /* realTime */);
 
     return OMX_ErrorNone;
 }
@@ -2475,7 +2480,7 @@
     msg.u.extended_buffer_data.range_length = pBuffer->nFilledLen;
     msg.u.extended_buffer_data.flags = pBuffer->nFlags;
     msg.u.extended_buffer_data.timestamp = pBuffer->nTimeStamp;
-    instance->mDispatcher->post(msg);
+    instance->mDispatcher->post(msg, true /* realTime */);
 
     return OMX_ErrorNone;
 }
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXStore.cpp b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXStore.cpp
index 4827d9e..0906433 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXStore.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXStore.cpp
@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@
 
         Vector<String8> roles;
         OMX_ERRORTYPE err = plugin->getRolesOfComponent(name, &roles);
-        if (err == OMX_ErrorNone) {
+        static_assert(std::string_view("OMX.google.").size() == 11);
+        if (err == OMX_ErrorNone && strncmp(name, "OMX.google.", 11) == 0) {
             bool skip = false;
             for (String8 role : roles) {
                 if (role.find("video_decoder") != -1 || role.find("video_encoder") != -1) {
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp b/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
index 2697ff4..3a67cc2 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineTest.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
     }
 
     static sp<GraphicBuffer> allocateDefaultBuffer() {
-        return new GraphicBuffer(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
+        return sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
                                  HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
                                  GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN |
                                          GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER,
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
     // Allocates a 1x1 buffer to fill with a solid color
     static sp<GraphicBuffer> allocateSourceBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-        return new GraphicBuffer(width, height, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
+        return sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(width, height, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, 1,
                                  GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN |
                                          GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE,
                                  "input");
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
         renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
         std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
         // Meaningless buffer since we don't do any drawing
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
         invokeDraw(settings, layers, buffer);
     }
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp b/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
index 97c7442..b82586b 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/renderfright/tests/RenderEngineThreadedTest.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, bindExternalBuffer_withBuffer) {
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf = new GraphicBuffer();
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, bindExternalTextureBuffer(0, buf, Eq(nullptr)))
             .WillOnce(Return(NO_ERROR));
     status_t result = mThreadedRE->bindExternalTextureBuffer(0, buf, nullptr);
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, cacheExternalTextureBuffer_withBuffer) {
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf = new GraphicBuffer();
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buf = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
     EXPECT_CALL(*mRenderEngine, cacheExternalTextureBuffer(buf));
     mThreadedRE->cacheExternalTextureBuffer(buf);
 }
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 TEST_F(RenderEngineThreadedTest, drawLayers) {
     renderengine::DisplaySettings settings;
     std::vector<const renderengine::LayerSettings*> layers;
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = new GraphicBuffer();
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make();
     base::unique_fd bufferFence;
     base::unique_fd drawFence;
 
diff --git a/media/module/bqhelper/Android.bp b/media/module/bqhelper/Android.bp
index df658ee..c4dadd0 100644
--- a/media/module/bqhelper/Android.bp
+++ b/media/module/bqhelper/Android.bp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     double_loadable: true,
 
     srcs: [
+        ":libgui_frame_event_aidl",
         "FrameDropper.cpp",
         "GraphicBufferSource.cpp",
     ],
diff --git a/media/module/foundation/Android.bp b/media/module/foundation/Android.bp
index ca17117..dc8384d 100644
--- a/media/module/foundation/Android.bp
+++ b/media/module/foundation/Android.bp
@@ -110,6 +110,11 @@
                 "-DNO_IMEMORY",
             ],
         },
+        host: {
+            sanitize: {
+                cfi: false,
+            },
+        },
         apex: {
             exclude_shared_libs: [
                 "libbinder",
diff --git a/media/ndk/NdkImage.cpp b/media/ndk/NdkImage.cpp
index 12a0d53..0bdb41b 100644
--- a/media/ndk/NdkImage.cpp
+++ b/media/ndk/NdkImage.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include <android_media_Utils.h>
 #include <private/android/AHardwareBufferHelpers.h>
+#include <ui/PublicFormat.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 using namespace android;
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@
         int64_t timestamp, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t numPlanes) :
         mReader(reader), mFormat(format), mUsage(usage), mBuffer(buffer), mLockedBuffer(nullptr),
         mTimestamp(timestamp), mWidth(width), mHeight(height), mNumPlanes(numPlanes) {
+    PublicFormat publicFormat = static_cast<PublicFormat>(format);
+    mHalDataSpace = mapPublicFormatToHalDataspace(publicFormat);
     LOG_FATAL_IF(reader == nullptr, "AImageReader shouldn't be null while creating AImage");
 }
 
@@ -156,6 +159,20 @@
     return AMEDIA_OK;
 }
 
+media_status_t
+AImage::getDataSpace(android_dataspace* dataSpace) const {
+    if (dataSpace == nullptr) {
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    *dataSpace = static_cast<android_dataspace>(-1);
+    if (isClosed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: image %p has been closed!", __FUNCTION__, this);
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_OBJECT;
+    }
+    *dataSpace = mHalDataSpace;
+    return AMEDIA_OK;
+}
+
 media_status_t AImage::lockImage() {
     if (mBuffer == nullptr || mBuffer->mGraphicBuffer == nullptr) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s: AImage %p has no buffer.", __FUNCTION__, this);
@@ -762,3 +779,15 @@
     }
     return image->getHardwareBuffer(buffer);
 }
+
+EXPORT
+media_status_t AImage_getDataSpace(
+    const AImage* image, /*out*/int32_t* dataSpace) {
+    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    if (image == nullptr || dataSpace == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: bad argument. image %p dataSpace %p", __FUNCTION__, image, dataSpace);
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    return image->getDataSpace((android_dataspace*)(dataSpace));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/media/ndk/NdkImagePriv.h b/media/ndk/NdkImagePriv.h
index 05115b9..dc10a6a 100644
--- a/media/ndk/NdkImagePriv.h
+++ b/media/ndk/NdkImagePriv.h
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
     media_status_t getPlaneRowStride(int planeIdx, /*out*/int32_t* rowStride) const;
     media_status_t getPlaneData(int planeIdx,/*out*/uint8_t** data, /*out*/int* dataLength) const;
     media_status_t getHardwareBuffer(/*out*/AHardwareBuffer** buffer) const;
+    media_status_t getDataSpace(/*out*/android_dataspace* dataSpace) const;
 
   private:
     // AImage should be deleted through free() API.
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@
     const int32_t              mWidth;
     const int32_t              mHeight;
     const int32_t              mNumPlanes;
+    android_dataspace          mHalDataSpace = HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN;
     bool                       mIsClosed = false;
     mutable Mutex              mLock;
 };
diff --git a/media/ndk/NdkImageReader.cpp b/media/ndk/NdkImageReader.cpp
index 1067e24..ac5cba8 100644
--- a/media/ndk/NdkImageReader.cpp
+++ b/media/ndk/NdkImageReader.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@
 
 static constexpr int kWindowHalTokenSizeMax = 256;
 
+static media_status_t validateParameters(int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t format,
+                                         uint64_t usage, int32_t maxImages,
+                                         /*out*/ AImageReader**& reader);
 static native_handle_t *convertHalTokenToNativeHandle(const HalToken &halToken);
 
 bool
@@ -263,13 +266,17 @@
                            int32_t height,
                            int32_t format,
                            uint64_t usage,
-                           int32_t maxImages)
+                           int32_t maxImages,
+                           uint32_t hardwareBufferFormat,
+                           android_dataspace dataSpace)
     : mWidth(width),
       mHeight(height),
       mFormat(format),
       mUsage(usage),
       mMaxImages(maxImages),
       mNumPlanes(getNumPlanesForFormat(format)),
+      mHalFormat(hardwareBufferFormat),
+      mHalDataSpace(dataSpace),
       mFrameListener(new FrameListener(this)),
       mBufferRemovedListener(new BufferRemovedListener(this)) {}
 
@@ -280,9 +287,6 @@
 
 media_status_t
 AImageReader::init() {
-    PublicFormat publicFormat = static_cast<PublicFormat>(mFormat);
-    mHalFormat = mapPublicFormatToHalFormat(publicFormat);
-    mHalDataSpace = mapPublicFormatToHalDataspace(publicFormat);
     mHalUsage = AHardwareBuffer_convertToGrallocUsageBits(mUsage);
 
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbProducer;
@@ -646,6 +650,41 @@
     }
 }
 
+static
+media_status_t validateParameters(int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t format,
+                                  uint64_t usage, int32_t maxImages,
+                                  /*out*/ AImageReader**& reader) {
+    if (reader == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: reader argument is null", __FUNCTION__);
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if (width < 1 || height < 1) {
+        ALOGE("%s: image dimension must be positive: w:%d h:%d",
+                __FUNCTION__, width, height);
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if (maxImages < 1) {
+        ALOGE("%s: max outstanding image count must be at least 1 (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, maxImages);
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if (maxImages > BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS) {
+        ALOGE("%s: max outstanding image count (%d) cannot be larget than %d.",
+              __FUNCTION__, maxImages, BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS);
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if (!AImageReader::isSupportedFormatAndUsage(format, usage)) {
+        ALOGE("%s: format %d is not supported with usage 0x%" PRIx64 " by AImageReader",
+                __FUNCTION__, format, usage);
+        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    return AMEDIA_OK;
+}
+
 static native_handle_t *convertHalTokenToNativeHandle(
         const HalToken &halToken) {
     // We attempt to store halToken in the ints of the native_handle_t after its
@@ -696,42 +735,32 @@
 } //extern "C"
 
 EXPORT
+media_status_t AImageReader_newWithDataSpace(
+        int32_t width, int32_t height, uint64_t usage, int32_t maxImages,
+        uint32_t hardwareBufferFormat, int32_t dataSpace,
+        /*out*/ AImageReader** reader) {
+    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    android_dataspace halDataSpace = static_cast<android_dataspace>(dataSpace);
+    int32_t format = static_cast<int32_t>(
+          mapHalFormatDataspaceToPublicFormat(hardwareBufferFormat, halDataSpace));
+    return AImageReader_newWithUsage(width, height, format, usage, maxImages, reader);
+}
+
+EXPORT
 media_status_t AImageReader_newWithUsage(
         int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t format, uint64_t usage,
         int32_t maxImages, /*out*/ AImageReader** reader) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
 
-    if (width < 1 || height < 1) {
-        ALOGE("%s: image dimension must be positive: w:%d h:%d",
-                __FUNCTION__, width, height);
-        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
-    }
+    validateParameters(width, height, format, usage, maxImages, reader);
 
-    if (maxImages < 1) {
-        ALOGE("%s: max outstanding image count must be at least 1 (%d)",
-                __FUNCTION__, maxImages);
-        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
-    }
-
-    if (maxImages > BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS) {
-        ALOGE("%s: max outstanding image count (%d) cannot be larget than %d.",
-              __FUNCTION__, maxImages, BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS);
-        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
-    }
-
-    if (!AImageReader::isSupportedFormatAndUsage(format, usage)) {
-        ALOGE("%s: format %d is not supported with usage 0x%" PRIx64 " by AImageReader",
-                __FUNCTION__, format, usage);
-        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
-    }
-
-    if (reader == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("%s: reader argument is null", __FUNCTION__);
-        return AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
-    }
+    PublicFormat publicFormat = static_cast<PublicFormat>(format);
+    uint32_t halFormat = mapPublicFormatToHalFormat(publicFormat);
+    android_dataspace halDataSpace = mapPublicFormatToHalDataspace(publicFormat);
 
     AImageReader* tmpReader = new AImageReader(
-        width, height, format, usage, maxImages);
+        width, height, format, usage, maxImages, halFormat, halDataSpace);
     if (tmpReader == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: AImageReader allocation failed", __FUNCTION__);
         return AMEDIA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
diff --git a/media/ndk/NdkImageReaderPriv.h b/media/ndk/NdkImageReaderPriv.h
index 37c606e..0199616 100644
--- a/media/ndk/NdkImageReaderPriv.h
+++ b/media/ndk/NdkImageReaderPriv.h
@@ -56,10 +56,12 @@
                  int32_t height,
                  int32_t format,
                  uint64_t usage,
-                 int32_t maxImages);
+                 int32_t maxImages,
+                 uint32_t hardwareBufferFormat,
+                 android_dataspace dataSpace);
     ~AImageReader();
 
-    // Inintialize AImageReader, uninitialized or failed to initialize AImageReader
+    // Initialize AImageReader, uninitialized or failed to initialize AImageReader
     // should never be passed to application
     media_status_t init();
 
@@ -79,7 +81,6 @@
     void           close();
 
   private:
-
     friend struct AImage; // for grabing reader lock
 
     BufferItem* getBufferItemLocked();
@@ -118,13 +119,16 @@
 
     const int32_t mWidth;
     const int32_t mHeight;
-    const int32_t mFormat;
+    int32_t mFormat;
     const uint64_t mUsage;  // AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_* flags.
     const int32_t mMaxImages;
 
     // TODO(jwcai) Seems completely unused in AImageReader class.
     const int32_t mNumPlanes;
 
+    uint32_t mHalFormat = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+    android_dataspace mHalDataSpace = HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN;
+
     struct FrameListener : public ConsumerBase::FrameAvailableListener {
       public:
         explicit FrameListener(AImageReader* parent) : mReader(parent) {}
@@ -155,8 +159,6 @@
     };
     sp<BufferRemovedListener> mBufferRemovedListener;
 
-    int mHalFormat;
-    android_dataspace mHalDataSpace;
     uint64_t mHalUsage;
 
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mProducer;
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3d6a96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "frameworks_av_media_ndk_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_media_ndk_license"],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+     name: "libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",
+     shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid_runtime_lazy",
+        "libbase",
+        "libdatasource",
+        "libmedia",
+        "libmediadrm",
+        "libmedia_omx",
+        "libmedia_jni_utils",
+        "libstagefright",
+        "libstagefright_foundation",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libnativewindow",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libgui",
+        "libui",
+        "libmediandk",
+     ],
+     static_libs: [
+        "libmediandk_utils",
+        "libnativehelper_lazy",
+     ],
+     header_libs: [
+         "media_ndk_headers",
+     ],
+     fuzz_config: {
+        cc: [
+            "android-media-fuzzing-reports@google.com",
+        ],
+        componentid: 155276,
+    },
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_crypto_fuzzer",
+    srcs: ["ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp"],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults"],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+     name: "ndk_image_reader_fuzzer",
+     srcs: [
+        "ndk_image_reader_fuzzer.cpp",
+     ],
+     shared_libs: [
+        "android.hidl.token@1.0-utils",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.bufferqueue@1.0",
+     ],
+     cflags: [
+        "-D__ANDROID_VNDK__",
+     ],
+     defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults"],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_extractor_fuzzer",
+    srcs: ["ndk_extractor_fuzzer.cpp"],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults"],
+    shared_libs: ["libbinder_ndk",],
+    corpus: ["corpus/*"],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer",
+    srcs: ["ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp"],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_drm_fuzzer",
+    srcs: ["ndk_drm_fuzzer.cpp"],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer",
+    srcs: ["ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer.cpp"],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults"],
+    shared_libs: ["libbinder_ndk",],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+            "ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer.cpp",
+             "NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.cpp",
+          ],
+    header_libs: ["libnativewindow_headers",],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",],
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7ce950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.h>
+
+static const std::string kMimeTypes[] = {
+        MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB, MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB,    MIMETYPE_AUDIO_MPEG,
+        MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC,    MIMETYPE_AUDIO_FLAC,      MIMETYPE_AUDIO_VORBIS,
+        MIMETYPE_AUDIO_OPUS,   MIMETYPE_AUDIO_RAW,       MIMETYPE_AUDIO_MSGSM,
+        MIMETYPE_AUDIO_EAC3,   MIMETYPE_AUDIO_SCRAMBLED, MIMETYPE_VIDEO_VP8,
+        MIMETYPE_VIDEO_VP9,    MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AV1,       MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC,
+        MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC,   MIMETYPE_VIDEO_MPEG4,     MIMETYPE_VIDEO_H263,
+        MIMETYPE_VIDEO_MPEG2,  MIMETYPE_VIDEO_RAW,       MIMETYPE_VIDEO_SCRAMBLED};
+
+static const std::string kEncoderNames[] = {
+        "c2.android.avc.encoder",    "c2.android.vp8.encoder",   "c2.android.vp9.encoder",
+        "c2.android.hevc.encoder",   "c2.android.mpeg2.encoder", "c2.android.mpeg4.encoder",
+        "c2.android.opus.encoder",   "c2.android.amrnb.encoder", "c2.android.flac.encoder",
+        "c2.android.av1-aom.encoder"};
+
+static const std::string kDecoderNames[] = {"c2.android.avc.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.vp8.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.vp9.decoder"
+                                            "c2.android.hevc.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.mpeg2.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.mpeg4.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.opus.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.amrnb.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.flac.decoder",
+                                            "c2.android.av1-aom.decoder"};
+
+static const std::string kFormatIntKeys[] = {AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BIT_RATE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_RATE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FLAC_COMPRESSION_LEVEL,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CHANNEL_COUNT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_WIDTH,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HEIGHT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_RATE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_FORMAT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_P_MIN,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_P_MAX,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_MIN,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_MAX,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_I_MIN,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_I_MAX,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_B_MIN,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_B_MAX,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VIDEO_QP_AVERAGE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VIDEO_ENCODING_STATISTICS_LEVEL,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VALID_SAMPLES,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TRACK_INDEX,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TRACK_ID,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TILE_WIDTH,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TILE_HEIGHT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_WIDTH,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_HEIGHT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYER_ID,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYER_COUNT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_STRIDE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SLICE_HEIGHT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAR_WIDTH,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAR_HEIGHT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ROTATION,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PCM_BIG_ENDIAN,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PROFILE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PRIORITY,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PICTURE_TYPE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PCM_ENCODING,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_OPERATING_RATE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_REFERENCE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_PROFILE_LEVEL_INDICATION,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_PTS_GAP_TO_ENCODER,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_FPS_TO_ENCODER,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOW_LATENCY,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOOP,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LEVEL,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LATENCY,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_SYNC_FRAME,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_DEFAULT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_INTRA_REFRESH_PERIOD,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HAPTIC_CHANNEL_COUNT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GRID_ROWS,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GRID_COLUMNS,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_COUNT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ENCODER_PADDING,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ENCODER_DELAY,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_WIDTH,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_CROP,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_SKIP_BYTE_BLOCK,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_MODE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_ENCRYPTED_BYTE_BLOCK,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_DEFAULT_IV_SIZE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_TRANSFER,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_STANDARD,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_RANGE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CHANNEL_MASK,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BITS_PER_SAMPLE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BITRATE_MODE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_SESSION_ID,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_PROGRAM_ID,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_PRESENTATION_ID,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_SBR_MODE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_PROFILE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_MAX_OUTPUT_CHANNEL_COUNT,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_ENCODED_TARGET_LEVEL,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_TARGET_REFERENCE_LEVEL,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_HEAVY_COMPRESSION,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_BOOST_FACTOR,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_ATTENUATION_FACTOR,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_XMP_SIZE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_XMP_OFFSET,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TIME_US,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_TIME,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TARGET_TIME,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_TIME_BEFORE_APPEND,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_FILE_OFFSET,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LAST_SAMPLE_INDEX_IN_CHUNK,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_EXIF_SIZE,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_EXIF_OFFSET,
+                                             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DURATION};
+
+static const std::string kFormatBufferKeys[] = {
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_CSD_HEVC,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_CSD_AV1C,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEXT_FORMAT_DATA,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SEI,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PUSH_BLANK_BUFFERS_ON_STOP,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PSSH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_COMPATIBLE_SETS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEG2_STREAM_HEADER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEG_USER_DATA,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ICC_PROFILE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HDR10_PLUS_INFO,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HDR_STATIC_INFO,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ESDS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_D263,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_HEVC,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_AVC,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_2,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_1,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_0,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_PLAIN_SIZES,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_KEY,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_IV,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_ENCRYPTED_SIZES,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CREATE_INPUT_SURFACE_SUSPENDED,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_INFO,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUMART,
+};
+
+static const std::string kFormatFloatKeys[] = {AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL,
+                                               AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CAPTURE_RATE};
+
+static const std::string kFormatStringKeys[] = {AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_YEAR,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TITLE,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYERING,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SLOW_MOTION_MARKERS,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_REPEAT_PREVIOUS_FRAME_AFTER,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MANUFACTURER,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LYRICIST,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOCATION,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LANGUAGE,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_FORCED_SUBTITLE,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_AUTOSELECT,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_ADTS,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GENRE,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISCNUMBER,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DATE,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPOSER,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPILATION,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPLEXITY,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CDTRACKNUMBER,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUTHOR,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ARTIST,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUMARTIST,
+                                                AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUM};
+
+void formatSetString(AMediaFormat* format, const char* AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) {
+    if (fdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        std::string keyValue = fdp->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+        AMediaFormat_setString(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, keyValue.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+void formatSetInt(AMediaFormat* format, const char* AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) {
+    if (fdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        int32_t keyValue = fdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinIntKeyValue, kMaxIntKeyValue);
+        AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, keyValue);
+    }
+}
+
+void formatSetFloat(AMediaFormat* format, const char* AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) {
+    if (fdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        float keyValue =
+                fdp->ConsumeFloatingPointInRange<float>(kMinFloatKeyValue, kMaxFloatKeyValue);
+        AMediaFormat_setFloat(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, keyValue);
+    }
+}
+
+void formatSetBuffer(AMediaFormat* format, const char* AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) {
+    if (fdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> buffer = fdp->ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                fdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+        AMediaFormat_setBuffer(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    }
+}
+
+AMediaCodec* NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::createAMediaCodecByname(bool isEncoder,
+                                                              bool isCodecForClient) {
+    std::string name;
+    if (isEncoder) {
+        name = mFdp->ConsumeBool() ? mFdp->PickValueInArray(kEncoderNames)
+                                   : mFdp->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+    } else {
+        name = mFdp->ConsumeBool() ? mFdp->PickValueInArray(kDecoderNames)
+                                   : mFdp->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+    }
+
+    if (isCodecForClient) {
+        pid_t pid = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<pid_t>();
+        uid_t uid = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<uid_t>();
+        return AMediaCodec_createCodecByNameForClient(name.c_str(), pid, uid);
+
+    } else {
+        return AMediaCodec_createCodecByName(name.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+AMediaCodec* NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::createAMediaCodecByType(bool isEncoder,
+                                                              bool isCodecForClient) {
+    std::string mimeType;
+    const char* mime = nullptr;
+
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        mimeType = mFdp->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+        mime = mimeType.c_str();
+    } else {
+        AMediaFormat_getString(mFormat, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME, &mime);
+    }
+
+    if (isCodecForClient) {
+        pid_t pid = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<pid_t>();
+        uid_t uid = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<uid_t>();
+        return isEncoder ? AMediaCodec_createEncoderByTypeForClient(mime, pid, uid)
+                         : AMediaCodec_createDecoderByTypeForClient(mime, pid, uid);
+    } else {
+        return isEncoder ? AMediaCodec_createEncoderByType(mime)
+                         : AMediaCodec_createDecoderByType(mime);
+    }
+}
+
+AMediaFormat* NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::getSampleCodecFormat() {
+    AMediaFormat* format = AMediaFormat_new();
+    std::string value;
+    int32_t count = 0;
+    int32_t maxFormatKeys = 0;
+
+    /*set mimeType*/
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        value = mFdp->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+    } else {
+        value = mFdp->PickValueInArray(kMimeTypes);
+    }
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        AMediaFormat_setString(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME, value.c_str());
+    }
+
+    maxFormatKeys = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, std::size(kFormatStringKeys));
+    for (count = 0; count < maxFormatKeys; ++count) {
+        std::string formatKey = mFdp->PickValueInArray(kFormatStringKeys);
+        formatSetString(format, formatKey.c_str(), mFdp);
+    }
+
+    maxFormatKeys = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, std::size(kFormatIntKeys));
+    for (count = 0; count < maxFormatKeys; ++count) {
+        std::string formatKey = mFdp->PickValueInArray(kFormatIntKeys);
+        formatSetInt(format, formatKey.c_str(), mFdp);
+    }
+
+    maxFormatKeys = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, std::size(kFormatFloatKeys));
+    for (count = 0; count < maxFormatKeys; ++count) {
+        std::string formatKey = mFdp->PickValueInArray(kFormatFloatKeys);
+        formatSetFloat(format, formatKey.c_str(), mFdp);
+    }
+
+    maxFormatKeys = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, std::size(kFormatBufferKeys));
+    for (count = 0; count < maxFormatKeys; ++count) {
+        std::string formatKey = mFdp->PickValueInArray(kFormatBufferKeys);
+        formatSetBuffer(format, formatKey.c_str(), mFdp);
+    }
+    return format;
+}
+
+AMediaCodec* NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::createCodec(bool isEncoder, bool isCodecForClient) {
+    mFormat = getSampleCodecFormat();
+    return (mFdp->ConsumeBool() ? createAMediaCodecByname(isEncoder, isCodecForClient)
+                                : createAMediaCodecByType(isEncoder, isCodecForClient));
+}
+
+void NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::invokeCodecFormatAPI(AMediaCodec* codec) {
+    AMediaFormat* codecFormat = nullptr;
+    size_t codecFormatAPI = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPICase, kMaxCodecFormatAPIs);
+    switch (codecFormatAPI) {
+        case 0: {
+            codecFormat = AMediaCodec_getInputFormat(codec);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 1: {
+            codecFormat = AMediaCodec_getOutputFormat(codec);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 2:
+        default: {
+            AMediaCodecBufferInfo info;
+            int64_t timeOutUs = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinTimeOutUs, kMaxTimeOutUs);
+            ssize_t bufferIndex = 0;
+            if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+                bufferIndex = AMediaCodec_dequeueOutputBuffer(codec, &info, timeOutUs);
+            } else {
+                bufferIndex =
+                        mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBufferIndex, kMaxBufferIndex);
+            }
+            codecFormat = AMediaCodec_getBufferFormat(codec, bufferIndex);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (codecFormat) {
+        AMediaFormat_delete(codecFormat);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::invokeInputBufferOperationAPI(AMediaCodec* codec) {
+    size_t bufferSize = 0;
+    ssize_t bufferIndex = 0;
+    int64_t timeOutUs = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinTimeOutUs, kMaxTimeOutUs);
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        bufferIndex = AMediaCodec_dequeueInputBuffer(codec, timeOutUs);
+    } else {
+        bufferIndex = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBufferIndex, kMaxBufferIndex);
+    }
+
+    uint8_t* buffer = AMediaCodec_getInputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, &bufferSize);
+    if (buffer) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> bytesRead = mFdp->ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                std::min(mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes), bufferSize));
+        memcpy(buffer, bytesRead.data(), bytesRead.size());
+        bufferSize = bytesRead.size();
+    }
+
+    int32_t flag = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(AMEDIACODEC_BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG,
+                                                        AMEDIACODEC_BUFFER_FLAG_PARTIAL_FRAME);
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        AMediaCodec_queueInputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, 0 /* offset */, bufferSize, 0 /* time */,
+                                     flag);
+    } else {
+        AMediaCodecCryptoInfo* cryptoInfo = getAMediaCodecCryptoInfo();
+        AMediaCodec_queueSecureInputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, 0 /* offset */, cryptoInfo,
+                                           0 /* time */, flag);
+        AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_delete(cryptoInfo);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::invokeOutputBufferOperationAPI(AMediaCodec* codec) {
+    ssize_t bufferIndex = 0;
+    int64_t timeOutUs = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinTimeOutUs, kMaxTimeOutUs);
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        AMediaCodecBufferInfo info;
+        bufferIndex = AMediaCodec_dequeueOutputBuffer(codec, &info, timeOutUs);
+    } else {
+        bufferIndex = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBufferIndex, kMaxBufferIndex);
+    }
+
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        size_t bufferSize = 0;
+        (void)AMediaCodec_getOutputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, &bufferSize);
+    }
+
+    if (mFdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, mFdp->ConsumeBool());
+    } else {
+        AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBufferAtTime(codec, bufferIndex, timeOutUs);
+    }
+}
+
+AMediaCodecCryptoInfo* NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase::getAMediaCodecCryptoInfo() {
+    uint8_t key[kMaxCryptoKey];
+    uint8_t iv[kMaxCryptoKey];
+    size_t clearBytes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+    size_t encryptedBytes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < kMaxCryptoKey; ++i) {
+        key[i] = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
+        iv[i] = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
+        clearBytes[i] = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<size_t>();
+        encryptedBytes[i] = mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<size_t>();
+    }
+
+    return AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_new(kMaxCryptoKey, key, iv, AMEDIACODECRYPTOINFO_MODE_CLEAR,
+                                     clearBytes, encryptedBytes);
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.h b/media/ndk/fuzzer/NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e810e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+#include <android/native_window.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaCodec.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaCodecPlatform.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaFormat.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/MediaCodecConstants.h>
+
+constexpr int32_t kMinBytes = 1;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 256;
+constexpr int32_t kMinIntKeyValue = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxIntKeyValue = 6000000;
+constexpr int32_t kMinFloatKeyValue = 1.0f;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxFloatKeyValue = 500.f;
+constexpr int32_t kMinTimeOutUs = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxTimeOutUs = 5000;
+constexpr int32_t kMinAPICase = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxCodecFormatAPIs = 2;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxCryptoKey = 16;
+constexpr int32_t kMinIterations = 10;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxIterations = 100;
+constexpr size_t kMinBufferIndex = 1;
+constexpr size_t kMaxBufferIndex = 128;
+
+class NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase {
+  public:
+    void invokeCodecFormatAPI(AMediaCodec* codec);
+    void invokeInputBufferOperationAPI(AMediaCodec* codec);
+    void invokeOutputBufferOperationAPI(AMediaCodec* codec);
+    AMediaCodecCryptoInfo* getAMediaCodecCryptoInfo();
+    AMediaCodec* createCodec(bool isEncoder, bool isCodecForClient);
+    AMediaFormat* getCodecFormat() { return mFormat; };
+    void setFdp(FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) { mFdp = fdp; }
+    ~NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase() {
+        if (mFormat) {
+            AMediaFormat_delete(mFormat);
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    AMediaCodec* createAMediaCodecByname(bool isEncoder, bool isCodecForClient);
+    AMediaCodec* createAMediaCodecByType(bool isEncoder, bool isCodecForClient);
+    AMediaFormat* getSampleAudioFormat();
+    AMediaFormat* getSampleVideoFormat();
+    AMediaFormat* getSampleCodecFormat();
+    AMediaFormat* mFormat = nullptr;
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFdp = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md b/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd08b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# Fuzzers for libmediandk
+
+## Table of contents
++ [ndk_crypto_fuzzer](#NdkCrypto)
++ [ndk_image_reader_fuzzer](#NdkImageReader)
++ [ndk_extractor_fuzzer](#NdkExtractor)
++ [ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer](#NdkMediaFormat)
++ [ndk_drm_fuzzer](#NdkDrm)
++ [ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer](#NdkMediaMuxer)
++ [ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer](#NdkSyncCodec)
+
+# <a name="NdkCrypto"></a> Fuzzer for NdkCrypto
+
+NdkCrypto supports the following parameters:
+    UniversalIdentifier (parameter name: "uuid")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values |Configured Value|
+|-------------|----------|----- |
+| `uuid`| `Array`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_crypto_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_crypto_fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="NdkImageReader"></a> Fuzzer for NdkImageReader
+
+NdkImageReader supports the following parameters:
+1. Width (parameter name: "imageWidth")
+2. Height (parameter name: "imageHeight")
+3. Format (parameter name: "imageFormat")
+4. Usage (parameter name: "imageUsage")
+5. Max images (parameter name: "imageMaxCount")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values |Configured Value|
+|-------------|----------|----- |
+| `width`| `1 to INT_MAX`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+| `height`| `1 to INT_MAX`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+| `format`| `1 to INT_MAX`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+| `usage`| `1 to INT_MAX`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+| `maxImages`| `1 to android::BufferQueue::MAX_MAX_ACQUIRED_BUFFERS`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_image_reader_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_image_reader_fuzzer/ndk_image_reader_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="NdkExtractor"></a>Fuzzer for NdkExtractor
+
+NdkExtractor supports the following parameters:
+1. SeekMode (parameter name: "mode")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values |Configured Value|
+|-------------|----------|----- |
+|`mode`|0.`AMEDIAEXTRACTOR_SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC`,<br/>1.`AMEDIAEXTRACTOR_SEEK_NEXT_SYNC`,<br/>2.`AMEDIAEXTRACTOR_SEEK_CLOSEST_SYNC`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_extractor_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_extractor_fuzzer/ndk_extractor_fuzzer /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/ndk_extractor_fuzzer/corpus
+```
+
+
+# <a name="NdkMediaFormat"></a>Fuzzer for NdkMediaFormat
+
+NdkMediaFormat supports the following parameters:
+1. Name (parameter name: "name")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values |Configured Value|
+|-------------|----------|----- |
+|`name`|1.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_ATTENUATION_FACTOR`, 2.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_BOOST_FACTOR`, 3.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_HEAVY_COMPRESSION`, 4.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_TARGET_REFERENCE_LEVEL`, 5.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_ENCODED_TARGET_LEVEL`, 6.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_MAX_OUTPUT_CHANNEL_COUNT`, 7.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_PROFILE`, 8.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_SBR_MODE`, 9.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUM`, 10.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUMART`, 11.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUMARTIST`, 12.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ARTIST`, 13.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_INFO`, 14.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_PRESENTATION_ID`, 15.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_PROGRAM_ID`, 16.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_SESSION_ID`, 17.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUTHOR`, 18.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BITRATE_MODE`, 19.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BIT_RATE`, 20.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BITS_PER_SAMPLE`, 21.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CAPTURE_RATE`, 22.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CDTRACKNUMBER`, 23.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CHANNEL_COUNT`, 24.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CHANNEL_MASK`, 25.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_FORMAT`, 26.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_RANGE`, 27.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_STANDARD`, 28.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_TRANSFER`, 29.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPILATION`, 30.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPLEXITY`, 31.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPOSER`, 32.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CREATE_INPUT_SURFACE_SUSPENDED`, 33.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_DEFAULT_IV_SIZE`, 34.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_ENCRYPTED_BYTE_BLOCK`, 35.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_ENCRYPTED_SIZES`, 36.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_IV`, 37.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_KEY`, 38.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_MODE`, 39.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_PLAIN_SIZES`, 40.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_SKIP_BYTE_BLOCK`, 41.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD`, 42.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_0`, 43.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_1`, 44.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_2`, 45.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_AVC`, 46.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_HEVC`, 47.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_D263`, 48.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DATE`, 49.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISCNUMBER`, 50.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_CROP`, 51.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_HEIGHT`, 52.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_WIDTH`, 53.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DURATION`, 54.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ENCODER_DELAY`, 55.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ENCODER_PADDING`, 56.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ESDS`, 57.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_EXIF_OFFSET`, 58.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_EXIF_SIZE`, 59.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FLAC_COMPRESSION_LEVEL`, 60.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_COUNT`, 61.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_RATE`, 62.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GENRE`, 63.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GRID_COLUMNS`, 64.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GRID_ROWS`, 65.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HAPTIC_CHANNEL_COUNT`, 66.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HDR_STATIC_INFO`, 67.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HDR10_PLUS_INFO`, 68.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HEIGHT`, 69.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ICC_PROFILE`, 70.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_INTRA_REFRESH_PERIOD`, 71.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_ADTS`, 72.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_AUTOSELECT`, 73.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_DEFAULT`, 74.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_FORCED_SUBTITLE`, 75.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_SYNC_FRAME`, 76.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL`, 77.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LANGUAGE`, 78.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LAST_SAMPLE_INDEX_IN_CHUNK`, 79.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LATENCY`, 80.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LEVEL`, 81.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOCATION`, 82.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOOP`, 83.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOW_LATENCY`, 84.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LYRICIST`, 85.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MANUFACTURER`, 86.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_BIT_RATE`, 87.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_FPS_TO_ENCODER`, 88.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_HEIGHT`, 89.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE`, 90.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_PTS_GAP_TO_ENCODER`, 91.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_WIDTH`, 92.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME`, 93.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEG_USER_DATA`, 94.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEG2_STREAM_HEADER`, 95.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_COMPATIBLE_SETS`, 96.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_PROFILE_LEVEL_INDICATION`, 97.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_REFERENCE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT`, 98.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_OPERATING_RATE`, 99.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PCM_ENCODING`, 100.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PICTURE_TYPE`, 101.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PRIORITY`, 102.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PROFILE`, 103.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PCM_BIG_ENDIAN`, 104.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PSSH`, 105.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PUSH_BLANK_BUFFERS_ON_STOP`, 106.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_REPEAT_PREVIOUS_FRAME_AFTER`, 107.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ROTATION`, 108.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_FILE_OFFSET`, 109.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_RATE`, 110.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_TIME_BEFORE_APPEND`, 111.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAR_HEIGHT`, 112.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAR_WIDTH`, 113.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SEI`, 114.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SLICE_HEIGHT`, 115.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SLOW_MOTION_MARKERS`, 116.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_STRIDE`, 117.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TARGET_TIME`, 118.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYER_COUNT`, 119.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYER_ID`, 120.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYERING`, 121.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEXT_FORMAT_DATA`, 122.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_CSD_AV1C`, 123.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_CSD_HEVC`, 124.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_HEIGHT`, 125.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_TIME`, 126.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_WIDTH`, 127.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TILE_HEIGHT`, 128.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TILE_WIDTH`, 129.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TIME_US`, 130.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TITLE`, 131.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TRACK_ID`, 132.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TRACK_INDEX`, 133.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VALID_SAMPLES`, 134.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VIDEO_ENCODING_STATISTICS_LEVEL`, 135.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VIDEO_QP_AVERAGE`, 136.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_B_MAX`, 137.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_B_MIN`, 138.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_I_MAX`, 139.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_I_MIN`, 140.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_MAX`, 141.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_MIN`, 142.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_P_MAX`, 143.`AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_P_MIN`, 144.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_WIDTH`, 145.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_XMP_OFFSET`, 146.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_XMP_SIZE`, 147.`AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_YEAR`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer/corpus
+```
+
+# <a name="NdkDrm"></a> Fuzzer for NdkDrm
+
+NdkDrm supports the following parameters:
+1. ValidUUID(parameter name: "kCommonPsshBoxUUID" and "kClearKeyUUID")
+2. MimeType(parameter name: "kMimeType")
+3. MediaUUID(parameter name: "MediaUUID")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values| Configured Value|
+|------------- |-------------| ----- |
+|`ValidUUID`| 0.`kCommonPsshBoxUUID`,<br/> 1.`kClearKeyUUID`,<br/> 2.`kInvalidUUID`|Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`kMimeType`| 0.`video/mp4`,<br/> 1.`audio/mp4`|Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`MediaUUID`| 0.`INVALID_UUID`,<br/> 1.`PSSH_BOX_UUID`,<br/> 2.`CLEARKEY_UUID`|Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_drm_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_drm_fuzzer/ndk_drm_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="NdkMediaMuxer"></a>Fuzzer for NdkMediaMuxer
+
+NdkMediaMuxer supports the following parameters:
+1. OutputFormat (parameter name: "outputFormat")
+2. AppendMode (parameter name: "appendMode")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values |Configured Value|
+|-------------|----------|----- |
+|`outputFormat`|0.`AMEDIAMUXER_OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4`,<br/>1.`AMEDIAMUXER_OUTPUT_FORMAT_WEBM`,<br/>2.`AMEDIAMUXER_OUTPUT_FORMAT_THREE_GPP`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`appendMode`|0.`AMEDIAMUXER_APPEND_IGNORE_LAST_VIDEO_GOP`,<br/>1.`AMEDIAMUXER_APPEND_TO_EXISTING_DATA`| Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer/ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="NdkSyncCodec"></a>Fuzzer for NdkSyncCodec
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer
+```
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/2822a2c3bcf57f46cb2bf142448d5baeead4d738 b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/2822a2c3bcf57f46cb2bf142448d5baeead4d738
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..47d79c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/2822a2c3bcf57f46cb2bf142448d5baeead4d738
Binary files differ
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/58833c3691292c199fa601fd51339d85c1f11ca6 b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/58833c3691292c199fa601fd51339d85c1f11ca6
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..17c934c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/58833c3691292c199fa601fd51339d85c1f11ca6
Binary files differ
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/8556a97764e65bf337b5593058fa92adb68074ce b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/8556a97764e65bf337b5593058fa92adb68074ce
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..00a32e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/8556a97764e65bf337b5593058fa92adb68074ce
Binary files differ
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/8f76e2e87f79fe213f5cc8c71e5f91d1dcfc5950 b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/8f76e2e87f79fe213f5cc8c71e5f91d1dcfc5950
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..86d4001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/8f76e2e87f79fe213f5cc8c71e5f91d1dcfc5950
Binary files differ
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/d702878cb53fb474230fb7b1a5c035bbb7c21c8d b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/d702878cb53fb474230fb7b1a5c035bbb7c21c8d
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..496c7f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/d702878cb53fb474230fb7b1a5c035bbb7c21c8d
Binary files differ
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/edc2485f3927e07d7ab705337f16f0b978c57d0a b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/edc2485f3927e07d7ab705337f16f0b978c57d0a
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..55437ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/corpus/edc2485f3927e07d7ab705337f16f0b978c57d0a
Binary files differ
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b22f0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaCrypto.h>
+
+constexpr size_t kMaxString = 256;
+constexpr size_t kMinBytes = 0;
+constexpr size_t kMaxBytes = 1000;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
+    AMediaUUID uuid = {};
+    int32_t maxLen = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, (size_t)sizeof(AMediaUUID));
+    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < maxLen; ++idx) {
+        uuid[idx] = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
+    }
+    std::vector<uint8_t> initData =
+            fdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+    AMediaCrypto* crypto = AMediaCrypto_new(uuid, initData.data(), initData.size());
+    while (fdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto invokeNdkCryptoFuzzer = fdp.PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() {
+                    AMediaCrypto_requiresSecureDecoderComponent(
+                            fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxString).c_str());
+                },
+                [&]() { AMediaCrypto_isCryptoSchemeSupported(uuid); },
+        });
+        invokeNdkCryptoFuzzer();
+    }
+    AMediaCrypto_delete(crypto);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_drm_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_drm_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c11c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_drm_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <media/NdkMediaCrypto.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaDrm.h>
+#include "fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h"
+
+constexpr int32_t kMinBytes = 1;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 256;
+constexpr int32_t kMinParamVal = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxParamVal = 3;
+constexpr int32_t kMediaUUIdSize = sizeof(AMediaUUID);
+constexpr int32_t kMinProvisionResponseSize = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxProvisionResponseSize = 16;
+constexpr int32_t kMessageSize = 16;
+constexpr int32_t kMinAPIcase = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxdecryptEncryptAPIs = 10;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxpropertyAPIs = 3;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxsetListenerAPIs = 2;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxndkDrmAPIs = 3;
+uint8_t signature[kMessageSize];
+
+enum MediaUUID { INVALID_UUID = 0, PSSH_BOX_UUID, CLEARKEY_UUID, kMaxValue = CLEARKEY_UUID };
+
+constexpr uint8_t kCommonPsshBoxUUID[] = {0x10, 0x77, 0xEF, 0xEC, 0xC0, 0xB2, 0x4D, 0x02,
+                                          0xAC, 0xE3, 0x3C, 0x1E, 0x52, 0xE2, 0xFB, 0x4B};
+
+constexpr uint8_t kClearKeyUUID[] = {0xE2, 0x71, 0x9D, 0x58, 0xA9, 0x85, 0xB3, 0xC9,
+                                     0x78, 0x1A, 0xB0, 0x30, 0xAF, 0x78, 0xD3, 0x0E};
+
+constexpr uint8_t kInvalidUUID[] = {0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x60, 0x70, 0x80,
+                                    0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x60, 0x70, 0x80};
+
+uint8_t kClearkeyPssh[] = {
+        // BMFF box header (4 bytes size + 'pssh')
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x70, 0x73, 0x73, 0x68,
+        // full box header (version = 1 flags = 0)
+        0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        // system id
+        0x10, 0x77, 0xef, 0xec, 0xc0, 0xb2, 0x4d, 0x02,
+        0xac, 0xe3, 0x3c, 0x1e, 0x52, 0xe2, 0xfb, 0x4b,
+        // number of key ids
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+        // key id
+        0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
+        0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
+        // size of data, must be zero
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+
+std::string kPropertyName = "clientId";
+std::string kMimeType[] = {"video/mp4", "audio/mp4"};
+std::string kCipherAlgorithm[] = {"AES/CBC/NoPadding", ""};
+std::string kMacAlgorithm[] = {"HmacSHA256", ""};
+
+class NdkMediaDrmFuzzer {
+  public:
+    NdkMediaDrmFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size){};
+    void invokeNdkDrm();
+    static void KeysChangeListener(AMediaDrm* drm, const AMediaDrmSessionId* sessionId,
+                                   const AMediaDrmKeyStatus* keysStatus, size_t numKeys,
+                                   bool hasNewUsableKey) {
+        (void)drm;
+        (void)sessionId;
+        (void)keysStatus;
+        (void)numKeys;
+        (void)hasNewUsableKey;
+    };
+
+    static void ExpirationUpdateListener(AMediaDrm* drm, const AMediaDrmSessionId* sessionId,
+                                         int64_t expiryTimeInMS) {
+        (void)drm;
+        (void)sessionId;
+        (void)expiryTimeInMS;
+    };
+
+    static void listener(AMediaDrm* drm, const AMediaDrmSessionId* sessionId,
+                         AMediaDrmEventType eventType, int extra, const uint8_t* data,
+                         size_t dataSize) {
+        (void)drm;
+        (void)sessionId;
+        (void)eventType;
+        (void)extra;
+        (void)data;
+        (void)dataSize;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    void invokeDrmCreatePlugin();
+    void invokeDrmSetListener();
+    void invokeDrmPropertyAPI();
+    void invokeDrmDecryptEncryptAPI();
+    void invokeDrmSecureStopAPI();
+    AMediaDrmSessionId mSessionId = {};
+    AMediaDrm* mDrm = nullptr;
+};
+
+void NdkMediaDrmFuzzer::invokeDrmCreatePlugin() {
+    const uint8_t* mediaUUID = nullptr;
+    uint32_t uuidEnum = mFdp.ConsumeEnum<MediaUUID>();
+    switch (uuidEnum) {
+        case INVALID_UUID: {
+            mediaUUID = kInvalidUUID;
+            break;
+        }
+        case PSSH_BOX_UUID: {
+            mediaUUID = kCommonPsshBoxUUID;
+            break;
+        }
+        case CLEARKEY_UUID:
+        default: {
+            mediaUUID = kClearKeyUUID;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    mDrm = AMediaDrm_createByUUID(mediaUUID);
+}
+
+void NdkMediaDrmFuzzer::invokeDrmSecureStopAPI() {
+    // get maximum number of secure stops
+    AMediaDrmSecureStop secureStops;
+    size_t numSecureStops = kMaxParamVal;
+    // The API behavior could change based on the drm object (clearkey or
+    // psshbox) This API detects secure stops msg and release them.
+    AMediaDrm_getSecureStops(mDrm, &secureStops, &numSecureStops);
+    AMediaDrm_releaseSecureStops(mDrm, &secureStops);
+}
+
+void NdkMediaDrmFuzzer::invokeDrmSetListener() {
+    int32_t setListenerAPI = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPIcase, kMaxsetListenerAPIs);
+    switch (setListenerAPI) {
+        case 0: {  // set on key change listener
+            AMediaDrm_setOnKeysChangeListener(mDrm, KeysChangeListener);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 1: {  // set on expiration on update listener
+            AMediaDrm_setOnExpirationUpdateListener(mDrm, ExpirationUpdateListener);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 2:
+        default: {  // set on event listener
+            AMediaDrm_setOnEventListener(mDrm, listener);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkMediaDrmFuzzer::invokeDrmPropertyAPI() {
+    int32_t propertyAPI = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPIcase, kMaxpropertyAPIs);
+    switch (propertyAPI) {
+        case 0: {  // set property byte array
+            uint8_t value[kMediaUUIdSize];
+            std::string name =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeBool() ? kPropertyName : mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            const char* propertyName = name.c_str();
+            AMediaDrm_setPropertyByteArray(mDrm, propertyName, value, sizeof(value));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 1: {  // get property in byte array
+            AMediaDrmByteArray array;
+            std::string name =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeBool() ? kPropertyName : mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            const char* propertyName = name.c_str();
+            AMediaDrm_getPropertyByteArray(mDrm, propertyName, &array);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 2: {  // set string type property
+            std::string propertyName = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            std::string value = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            AMediaDrm_setPropertyString(mDrm, propertyName.c_str(), value.c_str());
+            break;
+        }
+        case 3:
+        default: {  //  get property in string
+            const char* stringValue = nullptr;
+            std::string propertyName = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            AMediaDrm_getPropertyString(mDrm, propertyName.c_str(), &stringValue);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkMediaDrmFuzzer::invokeDrmDecryptEncryptAPI() {
+    int32_t decryptEncryptAPI =
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPIcase, kMaxdecryptEncryptAPIs);
+    switch (decryptEncryptAPI) {
+        case 0: {  // Check if crypto scheme is supported
+            std::string mimeType = mFdp.ConsumeBool() ? mFdp.PickValueInArray(kMimeType)
+                                                      : mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            AMediaDrm_isCryptoSchemeSupported(kClearKeyUUID, mimeType.c_str());
+            break;
+        }
+        case 1: {  // get a provision request byte array
+            const uint8_t* legacyRequest;
+            size_t legacyRequestSize = 1;
+            const char* legacyDefaultUrl;
+            AMediaDrm_getProvisionRequest(mDrm, &legacyRequest, &legacyRequestSize,
+                                          &legacyDefaultUrl);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 2: {  // provide a response to the DRM engine plugin
+            const int32_t provisionresponseSize = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                    kMinProvisionResponseSize, kMaxProvisionResponseSize);
+            uint8_t provisionResponse[provisionresponseSize];
+            AMediaDrm_provideProvisionResponse(mDrm, provisionResponse, sizeof(provisionResponse));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 3: {  // get key request
+            const uint8_t* keyRequest = nullptr;
+            size_t keyRequestSize = 0;
+            std::string mimeType = mFdp.ConsumeBool() ? mFdp.PickValueInArray(kMimeType)
+                                                      : mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            size_t numOptionalParameters =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinParamVal, kMaxParamVal);
+            AMediaDrmKeyValue optionalParameters[numOptionalParameters];
+            std::string keys[numOptionalParameters];
+            std::string values[numOptionalParameters];
+            for (int i = 0; i < numOptionalParameters; ++i) {
+                keys[i] = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                values[i] = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                optionalParameters[i].mKey = keys[i].c_str();
+                optionalParameters[i].mValue = values[i].c_str();
+            }
+            AMediaDrmKeyType keyType = (AMediaDrmKeyType)mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int>(
+                    KEY_TYPE_STREAMING, KEY_TYPE_RELEASE);
+            AMediaDrm_getKeyRequest(mDrm, &mSessionId, kClearkeyPssh, sizeof(kClearkeyPssh),
+                                    mimeType.c_str(), keyType, optionalParameters,
+                                    numOptionalParameters, &keyRequest, &keyRequestSize);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 4: {  // query key status
+            size_t numPairs = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinParamVal, kMaxParamVal);
+            AMediaDrmKeyValue keyStatus[numPairs];
+            AMediaDrm_queryKeyStatus(mDrm, &mSessionId, keyStatus, &numPairs);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 5: {  // provide key response
+            std::string key = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            const char* keyResponse = key.c_str();
+            AMediaDrmKeySetId keySetId;
+            AMediaDrm_provideKeyResponse(mDrm, &mSessionId,
+                                         reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(keyResponse),
+                                         sizeof(keyResponse), &keySetId);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 6: {  // restore key
+            AMediaDrmKeySetId keySetId;
+            AMediaDrm_restoreKeys(mDrm, &mSessionId, &keySetId);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case 7: {  // Check signature verification using the specified Algorithm
+            std::string algorithm = kMacAlgorithm[mFdp.ConsumeBool()];
+            std::vector<uint8_t> keyId = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            std::vector<uint8_t> message = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            AMediaDrm_verify(mDrm, &mSessionId, algorithm.c_str(), keyId.data(), message.data(),
+                             message.size(), signature, sizeof(signature));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 8: {  // Generate a signature using the specified Algorithm
+            std::string algorithm = kMacAlgorithm[mFdp.ConsumeBool()];
+            std::vector<uint8_t> keyId = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            std::vector<uint8_t> message = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            size_t signatureSize = sizeof(signature);
+            AMediaDrm_sign(mDrm, &mSessionId, algorithm.c_str(), keyId.data(), message.data(),
+                           message.size(), signature, &signatureSize);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 9: {  // Decrypt the data using algorithm
+            std::string algorithm = kCipherAlgorithm[mFdp.ConsumeBool()];
+            std::vector<uint8_t> keyId = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            std::vector<uint8_t> iv = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            std::vector<uint8_t> input = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            uint8_t output[kMessageSize];
+            AMediaDrm_decrypt(mDrm, &mSessionId, algorithm.c_str(), keyId.data(), iv.data(),
+                              input.data(), output, input.size());
+            break;
+        }
+        case 10:
+        default: {  // Encrypt the data using algorithm
+            std::string algorithm = kCipherAlgorithm[mFdp.ConsumeBool()];
+            std::vector<uint8_t> keyId = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            std::vector<uint8_t> iv = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            std::vector<uint8_t> input = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            uint8_t output[kMessageSize];
+            AMediaDrm_encrypt(mDrm, &mSessionId, algorithm.c_str(), keyId.data(), iv.data(),
+                              input.data(), output, input.size());
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    AMediaDrm_removeKeys(mDrm, &mSessionId);
+}
+
+void NdkMediaDrmFuzzer::invokeNdkDrm() {
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
+        // The API is called at start as it creates a AMediaDrm Object.
+        // mDrm AMediaDrm object is used in the below APIs.
+        invokeDrmCreatePlugin();
+        if (mDrm) {
+            // The API opens session and returns "mSessionId" session Id.
+            // "mSessionId" is required in the below APIs.
+            AMediaDrm_openSession(mDrm, &mSessionId);
+            int32_t ndkDrmAPI = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPIcase, kMaxndkDrmAPIs);
+            switch (ndkDrmAPI) {
+                case 0: {
+                    invokeDrmDecryptEncryptAPI();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 1: {
+                    invokeDrmPropertyAPI();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 2: {
+                    invokeDrmSetListener();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 3:
+                default: {
+                    invokeDrmSecureStopAPI();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            AMediaDrm_closeSession(mDrm, &mSessionId);
+            AMediaDrm_release(mDrm);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    NdkMediaDrmFuzzer ndkMediaDrmFuzzer(data, size);
+    ndkMediaDrmFuzzer.invokeNdkDrm();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_extractor_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_extractor_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbb79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_extractor_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaExtractor.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+constexpr int32_t kCaseStart = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kCaseEnd = 8;
+constexpr float kMinDataSizeFactor = 0.5;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxIterations = 1000;
+const std::string kPathPrefix = "file://";
+
+constexpr SeekMode kSeekMode[] = {AMEDIAEXTRACTOR_SEEK_PREVIOUS_SYNC,
+                                  AMEDIAEXTRACTOR_SEEK_NEXT_SYNC,
+                                  AMEDIAEXTRACTOR_SEEK_CLOSEST_SYNC};
+
+class NdkExtractorFuzzer {
+  public:
+    NdkExtractorFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size) {
+        mDataSourceFd = mkstemp(mTestPath);
+        std::vector<char> dataBuffer = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<char>(
+                mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinDataSizeFactor * size, size));
+        mDataSize = dataBuffer.size();
+        write(mDataSourceFd, dataBuffer.data(), dataBuffer.size());
+    };
+
+    ~NdkExtractorFuzzer() {
+        close(mDataSourceFd);
+        remove(mTestPath);
+    };
+
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    int32_t mDataSourceFd = 0;
+    int32_t mDataSize = 0;
+
+    // Defined a mutable TestSource file path for mkstemp().
+    char mTestPath[64] = "/data/local/tmp/TestSource_XXXXXX";
+};
+
+void NdkExtractorFuzzer::process() {
+    AMediaExtractor* mMediaExtractor = AMediaExtractor_new();
+    AMediaDataSource* mDataSource = nullptr;
+
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        AMediaExtractor_setDataSourceFd(mMediaExtractor, mDataSourceFd, 0, mDataSize);
+    } else {
+        mDataSource = AMediaDataSource_newUri((kPathPrefix + mTestPath).c_str(), 0 /* numkeys */,
+                                              nullptr /* keyvalues */);
+        AMediaExtractor_setDataSourceCustom(mMediaExtractor, mDataSource);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Limiting the number of iterations of while loop
+     * to prevent a possible timeout.
+     */
+    int32_t count = 0;
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() && count++ < kMaxIterations) {
+        switch (mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kCaseStart, kCaseEnd)) {
+            case 0:{
+                AMediaExtractor_selectTrack(mMediaExtractor,
+                                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<size_t>() /* idx */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1:{
+                AMediaExtractor_unselectTrack(mMediaExtractor,
+                                              mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<size_t>() /* idx */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2:{
+                int32_t sampleSize = AMediaExtractor_getSampleSize(mMediaExtractor);
+                if (sampleSize > 0) {
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(sampleSize);
+                    AMediaExtractor_readSampleData(
+                            mMediaExtractor, buffer.data(),
+                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, sampleSize) /* capacity */);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3:{
+                AMediaExtractor_getSampleFlags(mMediaExtractor);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 4:{
+                AMediaExtractor_getSampleCryptoInfo(mMediaExtractor);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 5:{
+                AMediaExtractor_getPsshInfo(mMediaExtractor);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 6:{
+                AMediaExtractor_advance(mMediaExtractor);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 7:{
+                AMediaFormat* mediaFormat = mFdp.ConsumeBool() ? AMediaFormat_new() : nullptr;
+                AMediaExtractor_getSampleFormat(mMediaExtractor, mediaFormat);
+                AMediaFormat_delete(mediaFormat);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 8:{
+                AMediaExtractor_seekTo(mMediaExtractor,
+                                       mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>() /* seekPosUs */,
+                                       mFdp.PickValueInArray(kSeekMode) /* mode */);
+                break;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    AMediaDataSource_delete(mDataSource);
+    AMediaExtractor_delete(mMediaExtractor);
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    /**
+     * Create a threadpool for incoming binder transactions,
+     * without this extractor results in a DoS after few instances.
+     */
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+
+    NdkExtractorFuzzer ndkExtractorFuzzer(data, size);
+    ndkExtractorFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_image_reader_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_image_reader_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c11798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_image_reader_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cutils/native_handle.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
+#include <media/NdkImageReader.h>
+
+constexpr int32_t kMaxSize = INT_MAX;
+constexpr int32_t kMinSize = 1;
+constexpr int32_t kMinImages = 1;
+
+class NdkImageReaderFuzzer {
+  public:
+    NdkImageReaderFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size){};
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    static void onImageAvailable(void*, AImageReader*){};
+    static void onBufferRemoved(void*, AImageReader*, AHardwareBuffer*){};
+};
+
+void NdkImageReaderFuzzer::process() {
+    AImageReader* reader = nullptr;
+    AImage* img = nullptr;
+    native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+    int32_t* acquireFenceFd = nullptr;
+    int32_t imageWidth = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+    int32_t imageHeight = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+    int32_t imageFormat = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+    int32_t imageUsage = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+    int32_t imageMaxCount = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(
+            kMinImages, android::BufferQueue::MAX_MAX_ACQUIRED_BUFFERS);
+    AImageReader_ImageListener readerAvailableCb{this, NdkImageReaderFuzzer::onImageAvailable};
+    AImageReader_BufferRemovedListener readerDetachedCb{this, onBufferRemoved};
+
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        AImageReader_new(imageWidth, imageHeight, imageFormat, imageMaxCount, &reader);
+    } else {
+        AImageReader_newWithUsage(imageWidth, imageHeight, imageFormat, imageUsage, imageMaxCount,
+                                  &reader);
+    }
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto ndkImageFunction = mFdp.PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() { AImageReader_acquireNextImage(reader, &img); },
+                [&]() { AImageReader_acquireLatestImage(reader, &img); },
+                [&]() { AImageReader_setImageListener(reader, &readerAvailableCb); },
+                [&]() { AImageReader_acquireNextImageAsync(reader, &img, acquireFenceFd); },
+                [&]() { AImageReader_acquireLatestImageAsync(reader, &img, acquireFenceFd); },
+                [&]() { AImageReader_setBufferRemovedListener(reader, &readerDetachedCb); },
+                [&]() { AImageReader_getWindowNativeHandle(reader, &handle); },
+        });
+        ndkImageFunction();
+    }
+    AImageReader_delete(reader);
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    NdkImageReaderFuzzer ndkImageReaderFuzzer(data, size);
+    ndkImageReaderFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c19ea13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <datasource/FileSource.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaFormat.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <fstream>
+
+const char* kValidKeys[] = {
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_ATTENUATION_FACTOR,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_BOOST_FACTOR,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_HEAVY_COMPRESSION,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_DRC_TARGET_REFERENCE_LEVEL,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_ENCODED_TARGET_LEVEL,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_MAX_OUTPUT_CHANNEL_COUNT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_PROFILE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AAC_SBR_MODE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUM,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUMART,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ALBUMARTIST,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ARTIST,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_INFO,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_PRESENTATION_ID,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_PRESENTATION_PROGRAM_ID,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUDIO_SESSION_ID,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_AUTHOR,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BITRATE_MODE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BIT_RATE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BITS_PER_SAMPLE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CAPTURE_RATE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CDTRACKNUMBER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CHANNEL_COUNT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CHANNEL_MASK,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_FORMAT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_RANGE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_STANDARD,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_TRANSFER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPILATION,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPLEXITY,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COMPOSER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CREATE_INPUT_SURFACE_SUSPENDED,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_DEFAULT_IV_SIZE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_ENCRYPTED_BYTE_BLOCK,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_ENCRYPTED_SIZES,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_IV,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_KEY,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_MODE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_PLAIN_SIZES,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CRYPTO_SKIP_BYTE_BLOCK,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_0,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_1,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_2,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_AVC,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CSD_HEVC,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_D263,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DATE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISCNUMBER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_CROP,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_WIDTH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DURATION,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ENCODER_DELAY,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ENCODER_PADDING,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ESDS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_EXIF_OFFSET,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_EXIF_SIZE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FLAC_COMPRESSION_LEVEL,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_COUNT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_RATE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GENRE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GRID_COLUMNS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_GRID_ROWS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HAPTIC_CHANNEL_COUNT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HDR_STATIC_INFO,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HDR10_PLUS_INFO,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HEIGHT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ICC_PROFILE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_INTRA_REFRESH_PERIOD,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_ADTS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_AUTOSELECT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_DEFAULT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_FORCED_SUBTITLE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_IS_SYNC_FRAME,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LANGUAGE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LAST_SAMPLE_INDEX_IN_CHUNK,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LATENCY,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LEVEL,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOCATION,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOOP,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LOW_LATENCY,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_LYRICIST,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MANUFACTURER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_BIT_RATE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_FPS_TO_ENCODER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_HEIGHT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_PTS_GAP_TO_ENCODER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_WIDTH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEG_USER_DATA,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEG2_STREAM_HEADER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_COMPATIBLE_SETS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_PROFILE_LEVEL_INDICATION,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MPEGH_REFERENCE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_OPERATING_RATE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PCM_ENCODING,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PICTURE_TYPE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PRIORITY,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PROFILE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PCM_BIG_ENDIAN,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PSSH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_PUSH_BLANK_BUFFERS_ON_STOP,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_REPEAT_PREVIOUS_FRAME_AFTER,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_ROTATION,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_FILE_OFFSET,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_RATE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_TIME_BEFORE_APPEND,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAR_HEIGHT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAR_WIDTH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SEI,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SLICE_HEIGHT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SLOW_MOTION_MARKERS,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_STRIDE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TARGET_TIME,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYER_COUNT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYER_ID,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEMPORAL_LAYERING,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TEXT_FORMAT_DATA,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_CSD_AV1C,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_CSD_HEVC,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_HEIGHT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_TIME,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_THUMBNAIL_WIDTH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TILE_HEIGHT,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TILE_WIDTH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TIME_US,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TITLE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TRACK_ID,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_TRACK_INDEX,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VALID_SAMPLES,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VIDEO_ENCODING_STATISTICS_LEVEL,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_VIDEO_QP_AVERAGE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_B_MAX,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_B_MIN,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_I_MAX,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_I_MIN,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_MAX,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_MIN,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_P_MAX,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_VIDEO_QP_P_MIN,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_WIDTH,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_XMP_OFFSET,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_XMP_SIZE,
+        AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_YEAR,
+};
+constexpr size_t kMinBytes = 0;
+constexpr size_t kMaxBytes = 1000;
+constexpr size_t kMinChoice = 0;
+constexpr size_t kMaxChoice = 9;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
+    AMediaFormat* mediaFormat = AMediaFormat_new();
+    while (fdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        const char* name = nullptr;
+        std::string nameString;
+        if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+            nameString =
+                    fdp.ConsumeBool()
+                            ? fdp.PickValueInArray(kValidKeys)
+                            : fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(
+                                      fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+            name = nameString.c_str();
+        }
+        switch (fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinChoice, kMaxChoice)) {
+            case 0: {
+                AMediaFormat_setInt32(mediaFormat, name,
+                                      fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* value */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                AMediaFormat_setInt64(mediaFormat, name,
+                                      fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>() /* value */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                AMediaFormat_setFloat(mediaFormat, name,
+                                      fdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>() /* value */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3: {
+                AMediaFormat_setDouble(mediaFormat, name,
+                                       fdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<double>() /* value */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 4: {
+                AMediaFormat_setSize(mediaFormat, name, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<size_t>() /* value */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 5: {
+                std::string value;
+                if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                    value = fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(
+                            fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+                }
+                AMediaFormat_setString(mediaFormat, name,
+                                       fdp.ConsumeBool() ? nullptr : value.c_str());
+                break;
+            }
+            case 6: {
+                AMediaFormat_setRect(mediaFormat, name, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* left */,
+                                     fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* top */,
+                                     fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* bottom */,
+                                     fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* right */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 7: {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> bufferData = fdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                        fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+                AMediaFormat_setBuffer(mediaFormat, name, bufferData.data(), bufferData.size());
+                break;
+            }
+            case 8: {
+                AMediaFormat_toString(mediaFormat);
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                AMediaFormat* format = fdp.ConsumeBool() ? nullptr : AMediaFormat_new();
+                AMediaFormat_copy(format, mediaFormat);
+                AMediaFormat_delete(format);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    AMediaFormat_clear(mediaFormat);
+    AMediaFormat_delete(mediaFormat);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c49d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaMuxer.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+const std::string kMuxerFile = "mediaMuxer";
+const std::string kAppendFile = "mediaAppend";
+constexpr size_t kMinBytes = 0;
+constexpr size_t kMaxBytes = 1000;
+constexpr size_t kMinChoice = 0;
+constexpr size_t kMaxChoice = 7;
+constexpr size_t kMaxStringLength = 20;
+constexpr size_t kOffset = 0;
+
+constexpr OutputFormat kOutputFormat[] = {AMEDIAMUXER_OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4,
+                                          AMEDIAMUXER_OUTPUT_FORMAT_WEBM,
+                                          AMEDIAMUXER_OUTPUT_FORMAT_THREE_GPP};
+constexpr AppendMode kAppendMode[] = {AMEDIAMUXER_APPEND_IGNORE_LAST_VIDEO_GOP,
+                                      AMEDIAMUXER_APPEND_TO_EXISTING_DATA};
+
+const std::string kAudioMimeType[] = {"audio/3gpp", "audio/amr-wb", "audio/mp4a-latm",
+                                      "audio/flac", "audio/vorbis", "audio/opus"};
+
+const std::string kVideoMimeType[] = {"video/x-vnd.on2.vp8", "video/x-vnd.on2.vp9", "video/av01",
+                                      "video/avc",           "video/hevc",          "video/mp4v-es",
+                                      "video/3gpp"};
+
+void getSampleAudioFormat(FuzzedDataProvider& fdp, AMediaFormat* format) {
+    std::string mimeType = fdp.ConsumeBool() ? fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxStringLength)
+                                             : fdp.PickValueInArray(kAudioMimeType);
+    AMediaFormat_setString(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME, mimeType.c_str());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BIT_RATE, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_SAMPLE_RATE, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CHANNEL_COUNT, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt64(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DURATION, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>());
+}
+
+void getSampleVideoFormat(FuzzedDataProvider& fdp, AMediaFormat* format) {
+    std::string mimeType = fdp.ConsumeBool() ? fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxStringLength)
+                                             : fdp.PickValueInArray(kAudioMimeType);
+    AMediaFormat_setString(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME, mimeType.c_str());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BIT_RATE, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_WIDTH, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HEIGHT, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_RATE, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    AMediaFormat_setFloat(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL,
+                          fdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>());
+    AMediaFormat_setFloat(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_CAPTURE_RATE, fdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>());
+    AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_FORMAT, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    /**
+     * Create a threadpool for incoming binder transactions,
+     * without this muxer results in a DoS after few instances.
+     */
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
+    /**
+     * memfd_create() creates an anonymous file and returns a file
+     * descriptor that refers to it. MFD_ALLOW_SEALING allow sealing
+     * operations on this file.
+     */
+    int32_t fd = -1;
+    AMediaMuxer* muxer = nullptr;
+    if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        fd = memfd_create(kMuxerFile.c_str(), MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);
+        muxer = AMediaMuxer_new(fd, fdp.ConsumeBool()
+                                            ? fdp.PickValueInArray(kOutputFormat)
+                                            : (OutputFormat)fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+    } else {
+        fd = memfd_create(kAppendFile.c_str(), MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);
+        std::vector<uint8_t> appendData =
+                fdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+        write(fd, appendData.data(), appendData.size());
+        muxer = AMediaMuxer_append(fd, fdp.PickValueInArray(kAppendMode) /* mode */);
+    }
+    if (!muxer) {
+        close(fd);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    AMediaFormat* mediaFormat = nullptr;
+    ssize_t trackIdx = 0;
+    while (fdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        int32_t kSwitchChoice = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinChoice, kMaxChoice);
+        switch (kSwitchChoice) {
+            case 0: {
+                AMediaMuxer_setLocation(muxer, fdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>() /* latitude */,
+                                        fdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>() /* longitude */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                AMediaMuxer_setOrientationHint(muxer, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* degrees */);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                AMediaMuxer_start(muxer);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3: {
+                AMediaMuxer_stop(muxer);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 4: {
+                AMediaMuxer_getTrackCount(muxer);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 5: {
+                AMediaFormat* getFormat =
+                        AMediaMuxer_getTrackFormat(muxer, fdp.ConsumeIntegral<size_t>() /* idx */);
+                AMediaFormat_delete(getFormat);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 6: {
+                mediaFormat = AMediaFormat_new();
+                fdp.ConsumeBool() ? getSampleAudioFormat(fdp, mediaFormat)
+                                  : getSampleVideoFormat(fdp, mediaFormat);
+                trackIdx = AMediaMuxer_addTrack(muxer, mediaFormat);
+                AMediaFormat_delete(mediaFormat);
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> sampleData = fdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                        fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+                AMediaCodecBufferInfo codecBuffer;
+                codecBuffer.size = sampleData.size();
+                codecBuffer.offset = kOffset;
+                codecBuffer.presentationTimeUs = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
+                codecBuffer.flags = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                AMediaMuxer_writeSampleData(
+                        muxer,
+                        fdp.ConsumeBool() ? trackIdx : fdp.ConsumeIntegral<size_t>() /* trackIdx */,
+                        sampleData.data(), &codecBuffer);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    AMediaMuxer_delete(muxer);
+    close(fd);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d348f66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.h>
+
+constexpr int32_t kMaxNdkCodecAPIs = 12;
+
+class NdkSyncCodecFuzzer : public NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase {
+  public:
+    NdkSyncCodecFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+        : NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase(), mFdp(data, size) {
+        setFdp(&mFdp);
+    };
+    void invokeSyncCodeConfigAPI();
+
+    static void CodecOnFrameRendered(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, int64_t mediaTimeUs,
+                                     int64_t systemNano) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)userdata;
+        (void)mediaTimeUs;
+        (void)systemNano;
+    };
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    AMediaCodec* mCodec = nullptr;
+    void invokekSyncCodecAPIs(bool isEncoder);
+};
+
+void NdkSyncCodecFuzzer::invokekSyncCodecAPIs(bool isEncoder) {
+    ANativeWindow* nativeWindow = nullptr;
+    int32_t numOfFrames = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinIterations, kMaxIterations);
+    int32_t count = 0;
+    while (++count <= numOfFrames) {
+        int32_t ndkcodecAPI = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPICase, kMaxNdkCodecAPIs);
+        switch (ndkcodecAPI) {
+            case 0: {  // configure the codec
+                AMediaCodec_configure(mCodec, getCodecFormat(), nativeWindow, nullptr /* crypto */,
+                                      (isEncoder ? AMEDIACODEC_CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE : 0));
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {  // start codec
+                AMediaCodec_start(mCodec);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {  // stop codec
+                AMediaCodec_stop(mCodec);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3: {  // create persistent input surface
+                AMediaCodec_createPersistentInputSurface(&nativeWindow);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 4: {  // buffer operation APIs
+                invokeInputBufferOperationAPI(mCodec);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 5: {
+                invokeOutputBufferOperationAPI(mCodec);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 6: {  // get input and output Format
+                invokeCodecFormatAPI(mCodec);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 7: {
+                AMediaCodec_signalEndOfInputStream(mCodec);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 8: {  // set parameters
+                // Create a new parameter and set
+                AMediaFormat* params = AMediaFormat_new();
+                AMediaFormat_setInt32(
+                        params, "video-bitrate",
+                        mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinIntKeyValue, kMaxIntKeyValue));
+                AMediaCodec_setParameters(mCodec, params);
+                AMediaFormat_delete(params);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 9: {  // flush codec
+                AMediaCodec_flush(mCodec);
+                if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                    AMediaCodec_start(mCodec);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case 10: {  // get the codec name
+                char* name = nullptr;
+                AMediaCodec_getName(mCodec, &name);
+                AMediaCodec_releaseName(mCodec, name);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 11: {  // set callback API for frame render output
+                std::vector<uint8_t> userData = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                        mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+                AMediaCodecOnFrameRendered callback = CodecOnFrameRendered;
+                AMediaCodec_setOnFrameRenderedCallback(mCodec, callback, userData.data());
+                break;
+            }
+            case 12:
+            default: {  // set persistent input surface
+                AMediaCodec_setInputSurface(mCodec, nativeWindow);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (nativeWindow) {
+        ANativeWindow_release(nativeWindow);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkSyncCodecFuzzer::invokeSyncCodeConfigAPI() {
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
+        bool isEncoder = mFdp.ConsumeBool();
+        mCodec = createCodec(isEncoder, mFdp.ConsumeBool() /* isCodecForClient */);
+        if (mCodec) {
+            invokekSyncCodecAPIs(isEncoder);
+            AMediaCodec_delete(mCodec);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    NdkSyncCodecFuzzer ndkSyncCodecFuzzer(data, size);
+    ndkSyncCodecFuzzer.invokeSyncCodeConfigAPI();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImage.h b/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImage.h
index 71bc6d9..814a327 100644
--- a/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImage.h
+++ b/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImage.h
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
- * @param width the width of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param width the width of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
- * @param height the height of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param height the height of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
- * @param format the format of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param format the format of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
- * @param rect the cropped rectangle of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param rect the cropped rectangle of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
- * @param timestampNs the timestamp of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param timestampNs the timestamp of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
  * @param numPlanes the number of planes of the image will be filled here if the method call
- *         succeeeds.
+ *         succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
  * @param planeIdx the index of the plane. Must be less than the number of planes of input image.
- * @param pixelStride the pixel stride of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param pixelStride the pixel stride of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
  * @param planeIdx the index of the plane. Must be less than the number of planes of input image.
- * @param rowStride the row stride of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param rowStride the row stride of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -762,8 +762,8 @@
  *
  * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
  * @param planeIdx the index of the plane. Must be less than the number of planes of input image.
- * @param data the data pointer of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
- * @param dataLength the valid length of data will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param data the data pointer of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
+ * @param dataLength the valid length of data will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -826,6 +826,25 @@
  */
 media_status_t AImage_getHardwareBuffer(const AImage* image, /*out*/AHardwareBuffer** buffer) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
+/**
+ * Query the dataspace of the input {@link AImage}.
+ *
+ * Available since API level 33.
+ *
+ * @param image the {@link AImage} of interest.
+ * @param dataSpace the dataspace of the image will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
+ *                  This must be one of the ADATASPACE_* enum value defined in
+ *                  {@link ADataSpace}.
+ *
+ * @return <ul>
+ *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
+ *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER} if image or dataSpace is NULL.</li>
+ *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_OBJECT} if the {@link AImageReader} generated this
+ *                 image has been deleted.</li></ul>
+ */
+media_status_t AImage_getDataSpace(const AImage* image,
+                                   /*out*/int32_t* dataSpace) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
 __END_DECLS
 
 #endif //_NDK_IMAGE_H
diff --git a/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImageReader.h b/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImageReader.h
index 4bd7f2a..992955b 100644
--- a/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImageReader.h
+++ b/media/ndk/include/media/NdkImageReader.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
  *            by the user, one of them has to be released before a new {@link AImage} will become
  *            available for access through {@link AImageReader_acquireLatestImage} or
  *            {@link AImageReader_acquireNextImage}. Must be greater than 0.
- * @param reader The created image reader will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param reader The created image reader will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param reader The image reader of interest.
- * @param width the default width of the reader will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param width the default width of the reader will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param reader The image reader of interest.
- * @param height the default height of the reader will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param height the default height of the reader will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param reader The image reader of interest.
- * @param format the fromat of the reader will be filled here if the method call succeeeds. The
+ * @param format the format of the reader will be filled here if the method call succeeds. The
  *                value will be one of the AIMAGE_FORMAT_* enum value defiend in {@link NdkImage.h}.
  *
  * @return <ul>
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
  *
  * @param reader The image reader of interest.
  * @param maxImages the maximum number of concurrently acquired images of the reader will be filled
- *                here if the method call succeeeds.
+ *                here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param reader The image reader of interest.
- * @param image the acquired {@link AImage} will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param image the acquired {@link AImage} will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
  * Available since API level 24.
  *
  * @param reader The image reader of interest.
- * @param image the acquired {@link AImage} will be filled here if the method call succeeeds.
+ * @param image the acquired {@link AImage} will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
  *
  * @return <ul>
  *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
@@ -387,6 +387,44 @@
         /*out*/ AImageReader** reader) __INTRODUCED_IN(26);
 
 /**
+ * AImageReader constructor similar to {@link AImageReader_newWithUsage} that takes
+ * two additional parameters to build the format of the Image. All other parameters
+ * and the return values are identical to those passed to {@link AImageReader_newWithUsage}.
+ *
+ * <p>Instead of passing {@code format} parameter, this constructor accepts
+ * the combination of {@code hardwareBufferFormat} and {@code dataSpace} for the
+ * format of the Image that the reader will produce.</p>
+ *
+ * Available since API level 33.
+ *
+ * @param width The default width in pixels of the Images that this reader will produce.
+ * @param height The default height in pixels of the Images that this reader will produce.
+ * @param usage specifies how the consumer will access the AImage.
+ *              See {@link AImageReader_newWithUsage} parameter description for more details.
+ * @param maxImages The maximum number of images the user will want to access simultaneously.
+ *                  See {@link AImageReader_newWithUsage} parameter description for more details.
+ * @param hardwareBufferFormat The hardware buffer format passed by the producer.
+ *                             This must be one of the AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_* enum values defined
+ *                             in {@link hardware_buffer.h}.
+ * @param dataSpace The dataspace of the Image passed by the producer.
+ *                  This must be one of the ADATASPACE_* enum values defined in
+ *                  {@link ADataSpace}.
+ * @param reader The created image reader will be filled here if the method call succeeds.
+ *
+ * @return <ul>
+ *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_OK} if the method call succeeds.</li>
+ *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER} if reader is NULL, or one or more of width,
+ *                 height, maxImages, hardwareBufferFormat or dataSpace arguments
+ *                 is not supported.</li>
+ *         <li>{@link AMEDIA_ERROR_UNKNOWN} if the method fails for some other reasons.</li></ul>
+ *
+ * @see AImageReader_newWithUsage
+ */
+media_status_t AImageReader_newWithDataSpace(int32_t width, int32_t height, uint64_t usage,
+        int32_t maxImages, uint32_t hardwareBufferFormat, int32_t dataSpace,
+        /*out*/ AImageReader** reader) __INTRODUCED_IN(33);
+
+/**
  * Acquire the next {@link AImage} from the image reader's queue asynchronously.
  *
  * <p>AImageReader acquire method similar to {@link AImageReader_acquireNextImage} that takes an
diff --git a/media/ndk/libmediandk.map.txt b/media/ndk/libmediandk.map.txt
index c8faced..bac4b22 100644
--- a/media/ndk/libmediandk.map.txt
+++ b/media/ndk/libmediandk.map.txt
@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@
     AImageReader_getWindow; # introduced=24
     AImageReader_new; # introduced=24
     AImageReader_newWithUsage; # introduced=26
+    AImageReader_newWithDataSpace; # introduced=Tiramisu
     AImageReader_setBufferRemovedListener; # introduced=26
     AImageReader_setImageListener; # introduced=24
     AImage_delete; # introduced=24
     AImage_deleteAsync; # introduced=26
     AImage_getCropRect; # introduced=24
+    AImage_getDataSpace; # introduced=Tiramisu
     AImage_getFormat; # introduced=24
     AImage_getHardwareBuffer; # introduced=26
     AImage_getHeight; # introduced=24
diff --git a/media/utils/Android.bp b/media/utils/Android.bp
index a38ef57..698752f 100644
--- a/media/utils/Android.bp
+++ b/media/utils/Android.bp
@@ -21,17 +21,34 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_license"],
 }
 
-cc_library {
-    name: "libmediautils",
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libmediautils_defaults",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    sanitize: {
+        cfi: true,
+        integer_overflow: true,
+    },
+    target: {
+        host: {
+            sanitize: {
+                cfi: false,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+}
 
+filegroup {
+    name: "libmediautils_core_srcs",
     srcs: [
         "AImageReaderUtils.cpp",
         "BatteryNotifier.cpp",
         "ISchedulingPolicyService.cpp",
         "Library.cpp",
-        "LimitProcessMemory.cpp",
         "MediaUtilsDelayed.cpp",
-        "MemoryLeakTrackUtil.cpp",
         "MethodStatistics.cpp",
         "Process.cpp",
         "ProcessInfo.cpp",
@@ -41,20 +58,41 @@
         "TimeCheck.cpp",
         "TimerThread.cpp",
     ],
+}
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libmediautils_headers",
+    host_supported: true,
+    vendor_available: true, // required for platform/hardware/interfaces
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
+
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libmediautils",
+    host_supported: true,
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        ":libmediautils_core_srcs",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
-        "libc_malloc_debug_backtrace",
         "libbatterystats_aidl",
         "libprocessinfoservice_aidl",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
         "libaudioutils", // for clock.h, Statistics.h
+        "libbase",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutils",
         "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
         "libpermission",
+        "libutils",
         "android.hardware.graphics.bufferqueue@1.0",
         "android.hidl.token@1.0-utils",
         "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
@@ -65,43 +103,44 @@
 
     logtags: ["EventLogTags.logtags"],
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Wextra",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-
-    header_libs: [
-        "bionic_libc_platform_headers",
-        "libmedia_headers",
-    ],
-
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "libpermission",
     ],
 
     required: [
-        "libmediautils_delayed",  // lazy loaded
+        "libmediautils_delayed", // lazy loaded
     ],
 
-    include_dirs: [
-        // For DEBUGGER_SIGNAL
-        "system/core/debuggerd/include",
-    ],
+    target: {
+        android: {
+            srcs: [
+                "LimitProcessMemory.cpp",
+                "MemoryLeakTrackUtil.cpp",
+            ],
+            static_libs: [
+                "libc_malloc_debug_backtrace",
+            ],
+            include_dirs: [
+                // For DEBUGGER_SIGNAL
+                "system/core/debuggerd/include",
+            ],
+            header_libs: [
+                "bionic_libc_platform_headers",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libmediautils_delayed", // match with MEDIAUTILS_DELAYED_LIBRARY_NAME
+    host_supported: true,
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_defaults"],
     srcs: [
         "MediaUtilsDelayedLibrary.cpp",
     ],
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
@@ -111,16 +150,12 @@
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libmediautils_vendor",
-    vendor_available: true,  // required for platform/hardware/interfaces
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_defaults"],
+    vendor_available: true, // required for platform/hardware/interfaces
     srcs: [
         "MemoryLeakTrackUtil.cpp",
     ],
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Wextra",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
@@ -137,23 +172,3 @@
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
-
-
-cc_library_headers {
-    name: "libmediautils_headers",
-    vendor_available: true,  // required for platform/hardware/interfaces
-
-    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-}
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "libmediautils_test",
-    srcs: [
-        "memory-test.cpp",
-        "TimerThread-test.cpp",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-      "libmediautils",
-      "libutils",
-    ]
-}
diff --git a/media/utils/ProcessInfo.cpp b/media/utils/ProcessInfo.cpp
index da199c4..3baa4b4 100644
--- a/media/utils/ProcessInfo.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/ProcessInfo.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "ProcessInfo"
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
-#include <media/stagefright/ProcessInfo.h>
+#include <mediautils/ProcessInfo.h>
 
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
diff --git a/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp b/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp
index 6823f4f..0cf5bd9 100644
--- a/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp
@@ -14,20 +14,36 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <csignal>
+#include "mediautils/TimerThread.h"
 #define LOG_TAG "TimeCheck"
 
 #include <optional>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <audio_utils/clock.h>
 #include <mediautils/EventLog.h>
 #include <mediautils/FixedString.h>
 #include <mediautils/MethodStatistics.h>
 #include <mediautils/TimeCheck.h>
+#include <mediautils/TidWrapper.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
 #include "debuggerd/handler.h"
+#endif
+
 
 namespace android::mediautils {
+// This function appropriately signals a pid to dump a backtrace if we are
+// running on device (and the HAL exists). If we are not running on an Android
+// device, there is no HAL to signal (so we do nothing).
+static inline void signalAudioHAL([[maybe_unused]] pid_t pid) {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    sigqueue(pid, DEBUGGER_SIGNAL, {.sival_int = 0});
+#endif
+}
 
 /**
  * Returns the std::string "HH:MM:SS.MSc" from a system_clock time_point.
@@ -136,14 +152,14 @@
 std::string TimeCheck::toString() {
     // note pending and retired are individually locked for maximum concurrency,
     // snapshot is not instantaneous at a single time.
-    return getTimeCheckThread().toString();
+    return getTimeCheckThread().getSnapshotAnalysis().toString();
 }
 
 TimeCheck::TimeCheck(std::string_view tag, OnTimerFunc&& onTimer, Duration requestedTimeoutDuration,
         Duration secondChanceDuration, bool crashOnTimeout)
     : mTimeCheckHandler{ std::make_shared<TimeCheckHandler>(
             tag, std::move(onTimer), crashOnTimeout, requestedTimeoutDuration,
-            secondChanceDuration, std::chrono::system_clock::now(), gettid()) }
+            secondChanceDuration, std::chrono::system_clock::now(), getThreadIdWrapper()) }
     , mTimerHandle(requestedTimeoutDuration.count() == 0
               /* for TimeCheck we don't consider a non-zero secondChanceDuration here */
               ? getTimeCheckThread().trackTask(mTimeCheckHandler->tag)
@@ -241,7 +257,7 @@
 
     // Generate the TimerThread summary string early before sending signals to the
     // HAL processes which can affect thread behavior.
-    const std::string summary = getTimeCheckThread().toString(4 /* retiredCount */);
+    const auto snapshotAnalysis = getTimeCheckThread().getSnapshotAnalysis(4 /* retiredCount */);
 
     // Generate audio HAL processes tombstones and allow time to complete
     // before forcing restart
@@ -251,7 +267,7 @@
         for (const auto& pid : pids) {
             ALOGI("requesting tombstone for pid: %d", pid);
             halPids.append(std::to_string(pid)).append(" ");
-            sigqueue(pid, DEBUGGER_SIGNAL, {.sival_int = 0});
+            signalAudioHAL(pid);
         }
         sleep(1);
     } else {
@@ -269,7 +285,7 @@
             .append(analyzeTimeouts(requestedTimeoutMs + secondChanceMs,
                     elapsedSteadyMs, elapsedSystemMs)).append("\n")
             .append(halPids).append("\n")
-            .append(summary);
+            .append(snapshotAnalysis.toString());
 
     // Note: LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL limits the size of the string - per log/log.h:
     // Log message text may be truncated to less than an
@@ -279,7 +295,20 @@
     // to avoid the size limitation. LOG(FATAL) does an abort whereas
     // LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) does not abort.
 
-    LOG(FATAL) << abortMessage;
+    static constexpr pid_t invalidPid = TimerThread::SnapshotAnalysis::INVALID_PID;
+    pid_t tidToAbort = invalidPid;
+    if (snapshotAnalysis.suspectTid != invalidPid) {
+        tidToAbort = snapshotAnalysis.suspectTid;
+    } else if (snapshotAnalysis.timeoutTid != invalidPid) {
+        tidToAbort = snapshotAnalysis.timeoutTid;
+    }
+
+    LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << abortMessage;
+    const auto ret = abortTid(tidToAbort);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "TimeCheck thread signal failed, aborting process. "
+                       "errno: " << errno << base::ErrnoNumberAsString(errno);
+    }
 }
 
 // Automatically create a TimeCheck class for a class and method.
diff --git a/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp b/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp
index 5e58a3d..b760ee2 100644
--- a/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <mediautils/MediaUtilsDelayed.h>
+#include <mediautils/TidWrapper.h>
 #include <mediautils/TimerThread.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/ThreadDefs.h>
@@ -39,14 +40,14 @@
     const auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     auto request = std::make_shared<const Request>(now, now +
             std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::system_clock::duration>(timeoutDuration),
-            secondChanceDuration, gettid(), tag);
+            secondChanceDuration, getThreadIdWrapper(), tag);
     return mMonitorThread.add(std::move(request), std::move(func), timeoutDuration);
 }
 
 TimerThread::Handle TimerThread::trackTask(std::string_view tag) {
     const auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     auto request = std::make_shared<const Request>(now, now,
-            Duration{} /* secondChanceDuration */, gettid(), tag);
+            Duration{} /* secondChanceDuration */, getThreadIdWrapper(), tag);
     return mNoTimeoutMap.add(std::move(request));
 }
 
@@ -58,39 +59,29 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-std::string TimerThread::toString(size_t retiredCount) const {
+
+std::string TimerThread::SnapshotAnalysis::toString() const {
     // Note: These request queues are snapshot very close together but
     // not at "identical" times as we don't use a class-wide lock.
-
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> timeoutRequests;
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> retiredRequests;
-    mTimeoutQueue.copyRequests(timeoutRequests);
-    mRetiredQueue.copyRequests(retiredRequests, retiredCount);
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> pendingRequests =
-        getPendingRequests();
-
-    struct Analysis analysis = analyzeTimeout(timeoutRequests, pendingRequests);
-    std::string analysisSummary;
-    if (!analysis.summary.empty()) {
-        analysisSummary = std::string("\nanalysis [ ").append(analysis.summary).append(" ]");
-    }
+    std::string analysisSummary = std::string("\nanalysis [ ").append(description).append(" ]");
     std::string timeoutStack;
-    if (analysis.timeoutTid != -1) {
-        timeoutStack = std::string("\ntimeout(")
-                .append(std::to_string(analysis.timeoutTid)).append(") callstack [\n")
-                .append(getCallStackStringForTid(analysis.timeoutTid)).append("]");
-    }
     std::string blockedStack;
-    if (analysis.HALBlockedTid != -1) {
+    if (timeoutTid != -1) {
+        timeoutStack = std::string(suspectTid == timeoutTid ? "\ntimeout/blocked(" : "\ntimeout(")
+                .append(std::to_string(timeoutTid)).append(") callstack [\n")
+                .append(getCallStackStringForTid(timeoutTid)).append("]");
+    }
+
+    if (suspectTid != -1 && suspectTid != timeoutTid) {
         blockedStack = std::string("\nblocked(")
-                .append(std::to_string(analysis.HALBlockedTid)).append(")  callstack [\n")
-                .append(getCallStackStringForTid(analysis.HALBlockedTid)).append("]");
+                .append(std::to_string(suspectTid)).append(")  callstack [\n")
+                .append(getCallStackStringForTid(suspectTid)).append("]");
     }
 
     return std::string("now ")
             .append(formatTime(std::chrono::system_clock::now()))
             .append("\nsecondChanceCount ")
-            .append(std::to_string(mMonitorThread.getSecondChanceCount()))
+            .append(std::to_string(secondChanceCount))
             .append(analysisSummary)
             .append("\ntimeout [ ")
             .append(requestsToString(timeoutRequests))
@@ -120,16 +111,23 @@
     return separatorPos != std::string::npos;
 }
 
-/* static */
-struct TimerThread::Analysis TimerThread::analyzeTimeout(
-    const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>>& timeoutRequests,
-    const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>>& pendingRequests) {
-
-    if (timeoutRequests.empty() || pendingRequests.empty()) return {}; // nothing to say.
-
+struct TimerThread::SnapshotAnalysis TimerThread::getSnapshotAnalysis(size_t retiredCount) const {
+    struct SnapshotAnalysis analysis{};
+    // The following snapshot of the TimerThread state will be utilized for
+    // analysis. Note, there is no lock around these calls, so there could be
+    // a state update between them.
+    mTimeoutQueue.copyRequests(analysis.timeoutRequests);
+    mRetiredQueue.copyRequests(analysis.retiredRequests, retiredCount);
+    analysis.pendingRequests = getPendingRequests();
+    analysis.secondChanceCount = mMonitorThread.getSecondChanceCount();
+    // No call has timed out, so there is no analysis to be done.
+    if (analysis.timeoutRequests.empty())
+        return analysis;
     // for now look at last timeout (in our case, the only timeout)
-    const std::shared_ptr<const Request> timeout = timeoutRequests.back();
-
+    const std::shared_ptr<const Request> timeout = analysis.timeoutRequests.back();
+    analysis.timeoutTid = timeout->tid;
+    if (analysis.pendingRequests.empty())
+      return analysis;
     // pending Requests that are problematic.
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> pendingExact;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> pendingPossible;
@@ -140,7 +138,7 @@
     // such as HAL write() and read().
     //
     constexpr Duration kPendingDuration = 1000ms;
-    for (const auto& pending : pendingRequests) {
+    for (const auto& pending : analysis.pendingRequests) {
         // If the pending tid is the same as timeout tid, problem identified.
         if (pending->tid == timeout->tid) {
             pendingExact.emplace_back(pending);
@@ -153,29 +151,27 @@
         }
     }
 
-    struct Analysis analysis{};
-
-    analysis.timeoutTid = timeout->tid;
-    std::string& summary = analysis.summary;
+    std::string& description = analysis.description;
     if (!pendingExact.empty()) {
         const auto& request = pendingExact.front();
         const bool hal = isRequestFromHal(request);
 
         if (hal) {
-            summary = std::string("Blocked directly due to HAL call: ")
+            description = std::string("Blocked directly due to HAL call: ")
                 .append(request->toString());
+            analysis.suspectTid= request->tid;
         }
     }
-    if (summary.empty() && !pendingPossible.empty()) {
+    if (description.empty() && !pendingPossible.empty()) {
         for (const auto& request : pendingPossible) {
             const bool hal = isRequestFromHal(request);
             if (hal) {
                 // The first blocked call is the most likely one.
                 // Recent calls might be temporarily blocked
                 // calls such as write() or read() depending on kDuration.
-                summary = std::string("Blocked possibly due to HAL call: ")
+                description = std::string("Blocked possibly due to HAL call: ")
                     .append(request->toString());
-                analysis.HALBlockedTid = request->tid;
+                analysis.suspectTid= request->tid;
             }
        }
     }
diff --git a/media/utils/fuzzers/Android.bp b/media/utils/fuzzers/Android.bp
index d26e6c2..bd9a462 100644
--- a/media/utils/fuzzers/Android.bp
+++ b/media/utils/fuzzers/Android.bp
@@ -9,14 +9,13 @@
 
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libmediautils_fuzzer_defaults",
+    host_supported: true,
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbatterystats_aidl",
         "libbinder",
-        "libcutils",
         "liblog",
+        "libcutils",
         "libmediautils",
         "libutils",
-        "libbinder",
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
         "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
     ],
@@ -27,11 +26,6 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-c++2a-extensions",
     ],
-
-    header_libs: [
-        "bionic_libc_platform_headers",
-        "libmedia_headers",
-    ],
 }
 
 cc_fuzz {
diff --git a/media/utils/fuzzers/SchedulingPolicyServiceFuzz.cpp b/media/utils/fuzzers/SchedulingPolicyServiceFuzz.cpp
index 32fc3be..d672fb0 100644
--- a/media/utils/fuzzers/SchedulingPolicyServiceFuzz.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/fuzzers/SchedulingPolicyServiceFuzz.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
 #include <mediautils/SchedulingPolicyService.h>
+#include <mediautils/TidWrapper.h>
 #include "fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h"
 using android::IBatteryStats;
 using android::IBinder;
@@ -55,7 +56,8 @@
     int32_t priority = data_provider.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
     bool is_for_app = data_provider.ConsumeBool();
     bool async = data_provider.ConsumeBool();
-    requestPriority(getpid(), gettid(), priority, is_for_app, async);
+    requestPriority(getpid(), android::mediautils::getThreadIdWrapper(), priority, is_for_app,
+                    async);
     // TODO: Verify and re-enable in AOSP (R).
     // bool enable = data_provider.ConsumeBool();
     // We are just using batterystats to avoid the need
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/ExtendedAccumulator.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ExtendedAccumulator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e3e170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ExtendedAccumulator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android::mediautils {
+
+// The goal of this class is to detect and accumulate wraparound occurrences on a
+// lower sized integer.
+
+// This class assumes that the underlying unsigned type is either incremented or
+// decremented by at most the underlying signed type between any two subsequent
+// polls (or construction). This is well-defined as the modular nature of
+// unsigned arithmetic ensures that every new value maps 1-1 to an
+// increment/decrement over the same sized signed type. It also ensures that our
+// counter will be equivalent mod the size of the integer even if the underlying
+// type is modified outside of this range.
+//
+// For convenience, this class is thread compatible. Additionally, it is safe
+// as long as there is only one writer.
+template <typename Integral = uint32_t, typename AccumulatingType = uint64_t>
+class ExtendedAccumulator {
+    static_assert(sizeof(Integral) < sizeof(AccumulatingType),
+                  "Accumulating type should be larger than underlying type");
+    static_assert(std::is_integral_v<Integral> && std::is_unsigned_v<Integral>,
+                  "Wraparound behavior is only well-defiend for unsigned ints");
+    static_assert(std::is_integral_v<AccumulatingType>);
+
+  public:
+    enum class Wrap {
+        NORMAL = 0,
+        UNDERFLOW = 1,
+        OVERFLOW = 2,
+    };
+
+    using UnsignedInt = Integral;
+    using SignedInt = std::make_signed_t<UnsignedInt>;
+
+    explicit ExtendedAccumulator(AccumulatingType initial = 0) : mAccumulated(initial) {}
+
+    // Returns a pair of the calculated change on the accumulating value, and a
+    // Wrap type representing the type of wraparound (if any) which occurred.
+    std::pair<SignedInt, Wrap> poll(UnsignedInt value) {
+        auto acc = mAccumulated.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        const auto bottom_bits = static_cast<UnsignedInt>(acc);
+        std::pair<SignedInt, Wrap> res = {0, Wrap::NORMAL};
+        const bool overflow = __builtin_sub_overflow(value, bottom_bits, &res.first);
+
+        if (overflow) {
+            res.second = (res.first > 0) ? Wrap::OVERFLOW : Wrap::UNDERFLOW;
+        }
+
+        const bool acc_overflow = __builtin_add_overflow(acc, res.first, &acc);
+        // If our *accumulating* type overflows or underflows (depending on its
+        // signedness), we should abort.
+        if (acc_overflow) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected overflow/underflow in %s", __func__);
+
+        mAccumulated.store(acc, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    AccumulatingType getValue() const { return mAccumulated.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+
+  private:
+    // Invariant - the bottom underlying bits of accumulated are the same as the
+    // last value provided to poll.
+    std::atomic<AccumulatingType> mAccumulated;
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::mediautils
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/InPlaceFunction.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/InPlaceFunction.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17c6274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/InPlaceFunction.h
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace android::mediautils {
+
+namespace detail {
+// Vtable interface for erased types
+template <typename Ret, typename... Args>
+struct ICallableTable {
+    // Destroy the erased type
+    void (*destroy)(void* storage) = nullptr;
+    // Call the erased object
+    Ret (*invoke)(void* storage, Args&&...) = nullptr;
+    // **Note** the next two functions only copy object data, not the vptr
+    // Copy the erased object to a new InPlaceFunction buffer
+    void (*copy_to)(const void* storage, void* other) = nullptr;
+    // Move the erased object to a new InPlaceFunction buffer
+    void (*move_to)(void* storage, void* other) = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// This class is an *almost* drop-in replacement for std::function which is guaranteed to never
+// allocate, and always holds the type erased functional object in an in-line small buffer of
+// templated size. If the object is too large to hold, the type will fail to instantiate.
+//
+// Some notable differences are:
+// - operator() is not const (unlike std::function where the call operator is
+// const even if the erased type is not const callable). This retains const
+// correctness by default. A workaround is keeping InPlaceFunction mutable.
+// - Moving from an InPlaceFunction leaves the object in a valid state (operator
+// bool remains true), similar to std::optional/std::variant.
+// Calls to the object are still defined (and are equivalent
+// to calling the underlying type after it has been moved from). To opt-out
+// (and/or ensure safety), clearing the object is recommended:
+//      func1 = std::move(func2); // func2 still valid (and moved-from) after this line
+//      func2 = nullptr; // calling func2 will now abort
+// - Unsafe implicit conversions of the return value to a reference type are
+// prohibited due to the risk of dangling references (some of this safety was
+// added to std::function in c++23). Only converting a reference to a reference to base class is
+// permitted:
+//      std::function<Base&()> = []() -> Derived& {...}
+// - Some (current libc++ implementation) implementations of std::function
+// incorrectly fail to handle returning non-moveable types which is valid given
+// mandatory copy elision.
+//
+// Additionally, the stored functional will use the typical rules of overload
+// resolution to disambiguate the correct call, except, the target class will
+// always be implicitly a non-const lvalue when called. If a different overload
+// is preferred, wrapping the target class in a lambda with explicit casts is
+// recommended (or using inheritance, mixins or CRTP). This avoids the
+// complexity of utilizing abonimable function types as template params.
+template <typename, size_t BufferSize = 32>
+class InPlaceFunction;
+// We partially specialize to match types which are spelled like functions
+template <typename Ret, typename... Args, size_t BufferSize>
+class InPlaceFunction<Ret(Args...), BufferSize> {
+  public:
+    // Storage Type Details
+    static constexpr size_t Size = BufferSize;
+    static constexpr size_t Alignment = alignof(std::max_align_t);
+    using Buffer_t = std::aligned_storage_t<Size, Alignment>;
+    template <typename T, size_t Other>
+    friend class InPlaceFunction;
+
+  private:
+    // Callable which is used for empty InPlaceFunction objects (to match the
+    // std::function interface).
+    struct BadCallable {
+        [[noreturn]] Ret operator()(Args...) { std::abort(); }
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible_v<BadCallable>);
+
+    // Implementation of vtable interface for erased types.
+    // Contains only static vtable instantiated once for each erased type and
+    // static helpers.
+    template <typename T>
+    struct TableImpl {
+        // T should be a decayed type
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, std::decay_t<T>>);
+
+        // Helper functions to get an unerased reference to the type held in the
+        // buffer. std::launder is required to avoid strict aliasing rules.
+        // The cast is always defined, as a precondition for these calls is that
+        // (exactly) a T was placement new constructed into the buffer.
+        constexpr static T& getRef(void* storage) {
+            return *std::launder(reinterpret_cast<T*>(storage));
+        }
+
+        constexpr static const T& getRef(const void* storage) {
+            return *std::launder(reinterpret_cast<const T*>(storage));
+        }
+
+        // Constexpr implies inline
+        constexpr static detail::ICallableTable<Ret, Args...> table = {
+                // Stateless lambdas are convertible to function ptrs
+                .destroy = [](void* storage) { getRef(storage).~T(); },
+                .invoke = [](void* storage, Args&&... args) -> Ret {
+                    if constexpr (std::is_void_v<Ret>) {
+                        std::invoke(getRef(storage), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                    } else {
+                        return std::invoke(getRef(storage), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                    }
+                },
+                .copy_to = [](const void* storage,
+                              void* other) { ::new (other) T(getRef(storage)); },
+                .move_to = [](void* storage,
+                              void* other) { ::new (other) T(std::move(getRef(storage))); },
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Check size/align requirements for the T in Buffer_t.
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr bool WillFit_v = sizeof(T) <= Size && alignof(T) <= Alignment;
+
+    // Check size/align requirements for a function to function conversion
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr bool ConversionWillFit_v = (T::Size < Size) && (T::Alignment <= Alignment);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct IsInPlaceFunction : std::false_type {};
+
+    template <size_t BufferSize_>
+    struct IsInPlaceFunction<InPlaceFunction<Ret(Args...), BufferSize_>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static T BetterDeclval();
+    template <typename T>
+    static void CheckImplicitConversion(T);
+
+    template <class T, class U, class = void>
+    struct CanImplicitConvert : std::false_type {};
+
+    // std::is_convertible/std::invokeable has a bug (in libc++) regarding
+    // mandatory copy elision for non-moveable types. So, we roll our own.
+    // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/55346
+    template <class From, class To>
+    struct CanImplicitConvert<From, To,
+                              decltype(CheckImplicitConversion<To>(BetterDeclval<From>()))>
+        : std::true_type {};
+
+    // Check if the provided type is a valid functional to be type-erased.
+    // if constexpr utilized for short-circuit behavior
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr bool isValidFunctional() {
+        using Target = std::decay_t<T>;
+        if constexpr (IsInPlaceFunction<Target>::value || std::is_same_v<Target, std::nullptr_t>) {
+            // Other overloads handle these cases
+            return false;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_invocable_v<Target, Args...>) {
+            // The target type is a callable (with some unknown return value)
+            if constexpr (std::is_void_v<Ret>) {
+                // Any return value can be dropped to model a void returning
+                // function.
+                return WillFit_v<Target>;
+            } else {
+                using RawRet = std::invoke_result_t<Target, Args...>;
+                if constexpr (CanImplicitConvert<RawRet, Ret>::value) {
+                    if constexpr (std::is_reference_v<Ret>) {
+                        // If the return type is a reference, in order to
+                        // avoid dangling references, we only permit functionals
+                        // which return a reference to the exact type, or a base
+                        // type.
+                        if constexpr (std::is_reference_v<RawRet> &&
+                                      (std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<Ret>, std::decay_t<RawRet>> ||
+                                       std::is_base_of_v<std::decay_t<Ret>,
+                                                         std::decay_t<RawRet>>)) {
+                            return WillFit_v<Target>;
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    return WillFit_v<Target>;
+                }
+                // If we can't convert the raw return type, the functional is invalid.
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr bool IsValidFunctional_v = isValidFunctional<T>();
+    // Check if the type is a strictly smaller sized InPlaceFunction
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr bool isConvertibleFunc() {
+        using Target = std::decay_t<T>;
+        if constexpr (IsInPlaceFunction<Target>::value) {
+            return ConversionWillFit_v<Target>;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr bool IsConvertibleFunc_v = isConvertibleFunc<T>();
+
+    // Members below
+    // This must come first for alignment
+    Buffer_t storage_;
+    const detail::ICallableTable<Ret, Args...>* vptr_;
+
+    constexpr void copy_to(InPlaceFunction& other) const {
+        vptr_->copy_to(std::addressof(storage_), std::addressof(other.storage_));
+        other.vptr_ = vptr_;
+    }
+
+    constexpr void move_to(InPlaceFunction& other) {
+        vptr_->move_to(std::addressof(storage_), std::addressof(other.storage_));
+        other.vptr_ = vptr_;
+    }
+
+    constexpr void destroy() { vptr_->destroy(std::addressof(storage_)); }
+
+    template <typename T, typename Target = std::decay_t<T>>
+    constexpr void genericInit(T&& t) {
+        vptr_ = &TableImpl<Target>::table;
+        ::new (std::addressof(storage_)) Target(std::forward<T>(t));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename Target = std::decay_t<T>>
+    constexpr void convertingInit(T&& smallerFunc) {
+        // Redundant, but just in-case
+        static_assert(Target::Size < Size && Target::Alignment <= Alignment);
+        if constexpr (std::is_lvalue_reference_v<T>) {
+            smallerFunc.vptr_->copy_to(std::addressof(smallerFunc.storage_),
+                                       std::addressof(storage_));
+        } else {
+            smallerFunc.vptr_->move_to(std::addressof(smallerFunc.storage_),
+                                       std::addressof(storage_));
+        }
+        vptr_ = smallerFunc.vptr_;
+    }
+
+  public:
+    // Public interface
+    template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<IsValidFunctional_v<T>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction(T&& t) {
+        genericInit(std::forward<T>(t));
+    }
+
+    // Conversion from smaller functions.
+    template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<IsConvertibleFunc_v<T>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction(T&& t) {
+        convertingInit(std::forward<T>(t));
+    }
+
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction(const InPlaceFunction& other) { other.copy_to(*this); }
+
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction(InPlaceFunction&& other) { other.move_to(*this); }
+
+    // Making functions default constructible has pros and cons, we will align
+    // with the standard
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction() : InPlaceFunction(BadCallable{}) {}
+
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction(std::nullptr_t) : InPlaceFunction(BadCallable{}) {}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+    constexpr ~InPlaceFunction() {
+#else
+    ~InPlaceFunction() {
+#endif
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    // The std::function call operator is marked const, but this violates const
+    // correctness. We deviate from the standard and do not mark the operator as
+    // const. Collections of InPlaceFunctions should probably be mutable.
+    constexpr Ret operator()(Args... args) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_void_v<Ret>) {
+            vptr_->invoke(std::addressof(storage_), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        } else {
+            return vptr_->invoke(std::addressof(storage_), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        }
+    }
+
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction& operator=(const InPlaceFunction& other) {
+        if (std::addressof(other) == this) return *this;
+        destroy();
+        other.copy_to(*this);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction& operator=(InPlaceFunction&& other) {
+        if (std::addressof(other) == this) return *this;
+        destroy();
+        other.move_to(*this);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<IsValidFunctional_v<T>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction& operator=(T&& t) {
+        // We can't assign to ourselves, since T is a different type
+        destroy();
+        genericInit(std::forward<T>(t));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Explicitly defining this function saves a move/dtor
+    template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<IsConvertibleFunc_v<T>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction& operator=(T&& t) {
+        // We can't assign to ourselves, since T is different type
+        destroy();
+        convertingInit(std::forward<T>(t));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    constexpr InPlaceFunction& operator=(std::nullptr_t) { return operator=(BadCallable{}); }
+
+    // Moved from InPlaceFunctions are still considered valid (similar to
+    // std::optional). If using std::move on a function object explicitly, it is
+    // recommended that the object is reset using nullptr.
+    constexpr explicit operator bool() const { return vptr_ != &TableImpl<BadCallable>::table; }
+
+    constexpr void swap(InPlaceFunction& other) {
+        if (std::addressof(other) == this) return;
+        InPlaceFunction tmp{std::move(other)};
+        other.destroy();
+        move_to(other);
+        destroy();
+        tmp.move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr void swap(InPlaceFunction& lhs, InPlaceFunction& rhs) { lhs.swap(rhs); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::mediautils
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/ProcessInfo.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ProcessInfo.h
similarity index 90%
rename from media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/ProcessInfo.h
rename to media/utils/include/mediautils/ProcessInfo.h
index 06b9c92..9afa3df 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/ProcessInfo.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ProcessInfo.h
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 
 #define PROCESS_INFO_H_
 
-#include <media/stagefright/foundation/ABase.h>
-#include <media/stagefright/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
+#include <mediautils/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <utils/Condition.h>
@@ -46,7 +45,8 @@
     std::mutex mOverrideLock;
     std::map<int, ProcessInfoOverride> mOverrideMap GUARDED_BY(mOverrideLock);
 
-    DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ProcessInfo);
+    ProcessInfo(const ProcessInfo&) = delete;
+    ProcessInfo& operator=(const ProcessInfo&) = delete;
 };
 
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/ProcessInfoInterface.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ProcessInfoInterface.h
similarity index 93%
rename from media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/ProcessInfoInterface.h
rename to media/utils/include/mediautils/ProcessInfoInterface.h
index b7fc858..b6529fc 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/ProcessInfoInterface.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ProcessInfoInterface.h
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
     virtual bool getPriority(int pid, int* priority) = 0;
     virtual bool isPidTrusted(int pid) = 0;
     virtual bool isPidUidTrusted(int pid, int uid) = 0;
-    virtual bool overrideProcessInfo(int pid, int procState, int oomScore);
-    virtual void removeProcessInfoOverride(int pid);
+    virtual bool overrideProcessInfo(int pid, int procState, int oomScore) = 0;
+    virtual void removeProcessInfoOverride(int pid) = 0;
 
 protected:
     virtual ~ProcessInfoInterface() {}
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h
index de20d55..3d7981a 100644
--- a/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
     std::optional<bool> doIsAllowed(uid_t uid);
     sp<content::pm::IPackageManagerNative> retrievePackageManager();
     sp<content::pm::IPackageManagerNative> mPackageManager; // To check apps manifest
-    uint_t mPackageManagerErrors = 0;
+    unsigned int mPackageManagerErrors = 0;
     struct Package {
         std::string name;
         bool playbackCaptureAllowed = false;
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf3a662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+/*
+** Copyright 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <binder/MemoryBase.h>
+#include <binder/MemoryHeapBase.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+namespace std {
+template <typename T>
+struct hash<::android::wp<T>> {
+    size_t operator()(const ::android::wp<T>& x) const {
+        return std::hash<const T*>()(x.unsafe_get());
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace std
+
+namespace android::mediautils {
+
+// Allocations represent owning handles to a region of shared memory (and thus
+// should not be copied in order to fulfill RAII).
+// To share ownership between multiple objects, a
+// ref-counting solution such as sp or shared ptr is appropriate, so the dtor
+// is called once for a particular block of memory.
+
+using AllocationType = ::android::sp<IMemory>;
+using WeakAllocationType = ::android::wp<IMemory>;
+
+namespace shared_allocator_impl {
+constexpr inline size_t roundup(size_t size, size_t pageSize) {
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(pageSize == 0 || (pageSize & (pageSize - 1)) != 0,
+                        "Page size not multiple of 2");
+    return ((size + pageSize - 1) & ~(pageSize - 1));
+}
+
+constexpr inline bool isHeapValid(const sp<IMemoryHeap>& heap) {
+    return (heap && heap->getBase() &&
+            heap->getBase() != MAP_FAILED);  // TODO if not mapped locally
+}
+
+template <typename, typename = void>
+static constexpr bool has_deallocate_all = false;
+
+template <typename T>
+static constexpr bool has_deallocate_all<
+        T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<decltype(std::declval<T>().deallocate_all()), void>,
+                            void>> = true;
+
+template <typename, typename = void>
+static constexpr bool has_owns = false;
+
+template <typename T>
+static constexpr bool
+        has_owns<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<decltype(std::declval<T>().owns(
+                                                            std::declval<const AllocationType>())),
+                                                    bool>,
+                                     void>> = true;
+
+template <typename, typename = void>
+static constexpr bool has_dump = false;
+
+template <typename T>
+static constexpr bool has_dump<
+        T,
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<decltype(std::declval<T>().dump()), std::string>, void>> =
+        true;
+
+}  // namespace shared_allocator_impl
+
+struct BasicAllocRequest {
+    size_t size;
+};
+struct NamedAllocRequest : public BasicAllocRequest {
+    std::string_view name;
+};
+
+// We are required to add a layer of indirection to hold a handle to the actual
+// block due to sp<> being unable to be created from an object once its
+// ref-count has dropped to zero. So, we have to hold onto an extra reference
+// here. We effectively want to know when the refCount of the object drops to
+// one, since we need to hold on to a reference to pass the object to interfaces
+// requiring an sp<>.
+// TODO is there some way to avoid paying this cost?
+template <typename Allocator>
+class ScopedAllocator;
+template <typename AllocationT, typename AllocatorHandleType>
+class ScopedAllocation : public BnMemory {
+  public:
+    template <typename T>
+    friend class ScopedAllocator;
+    ScopedAllocation(const AllocationT& allocation, const AllocatorHandleType& handle)
+        : mAllocation(allocation), mHandle(handle) {}
+
+    // Defer the implementation to the underlying mAllocation
+
+    virtual sp<IMemoryHeap> getMemory(ssize_t* offset = nullptr,
+                                      size_t* size = nullptr) const override {
+        return mAllocation->getMemory(offset, size);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    ~ScopedAllocation() override { mHandle->deallocate(mAllocation); }
+
+    const AllocationT mAllocation;
+    const AllocatorHandleType mHandle;
+};
+
+// Allocations are only deallocated when going out of scope.
+// This should almost always be the outermost allocator.
+template <typename Allocator>
+class ScopedAllocator {
+  public:
+    using HandleT = std::shared_ptr<Allocator>;
+    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+
+    explicit ScopedAllocator(const std::shared_ptr<Allocator>& allocator) : mAllocator(allocator) {}
+
+    ScopedAllocator() : mAllocator(std::make_shared<Allocator>()) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    auto allocate(T&& request) {
+        const auto allocation = mAllocator->allocate(std::forward<T>(request));
+        if (!allocation) {
+            return sp<ScopedAllocation<AllocationType, HandleT>>{};
+        }
+        return sp<ScopedAllocation<AllocationType, HandleT>>::make(allocation, mAllocator);
+    }
+
+    // Deallocate and deallocate_all are implicitly unsafe due to double
+    // deallocates upon ScopedAllocation destruction. We can protect against this
+    // efficiently with a gencount (for deallocate_all) or inefficiently (for
+    // deallocate) but we choose not to
+    //
+    // Owns is only safe to pseudo-impl due to static cast reqs
+    template <typename Enable = bool>
+    auto owns(const sp<ScopedAllocation<AllocationType, HandleT>>& allocation) const
+            -> std::enable_if_t<shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<Allocator>, Enable> {
+        return mAllocator->owns(allocation->mAllocation);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Enable = std::string>
+    auto dump() const -> std::enable_if_t<shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<Allocator>, Enable> {
+        return mAllocator->dump();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    // We store a shared pointer in order to ensure that the allocator outlives
+    // allocations (which call back to become dereferenced).
+    const HandleT mAllocator;
+};
+
+// A simple policy for PolicyAllocator which enforces a pool size and an allocation
+// size range.
+template <size_t PoolSize, size_t MinAllocSize = 0,
+          size_t MaxAllocSize = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()>
+class SizePolicy {
+    static_assert(PoolSize > 0);
+
+  public:
+    template <typename T>
+    bool isValid(T&& request) const {
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<BasicAllocRequest, std::decay_t<T>>);
+        return !(request.size > kMaxAllocSize || request.size < kMinAllocSize ||
+                 mPoolSize + request.size > kPoolSize);
+    }
+
+    void allocated(const AllocationType& alloc) { mPoolSize += alloc->size(); }
+
+    void deallocated(const AllocationType& alloc) { mPoolSize -= alloc->size(); }
+
+    void deallocated_all() { mPoolSize = 0; }
+
+    static constexpr size_t kPoolSize = PoolSize;
+    static constexpr size_t kMinAllocSize = MinAllocSize;
+    static constexpr size_t kMaxAllocSize = MaxAllocSize;
+
+  private:
+    size_t mPoolSize = 0;
+};
+
+// An allocator which accepts or rejects allocation requests by a parametrized
+// policy (which can carry state).
+template <typename Allocator, typename Policy>
+class PolicyAllocator {
+  public:
+    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+
+    PolicyAllocator(Allocator allocator, Policy policy)
+        : mAllocator(allocator), mPolicy(std::move(policy)) {}
+
+    // Default initialize the allocator and policy
+    PolicyAllocator() = default;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    AllocationType allocate(T&& request) {
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<android::mediautils::BasicAllocRequest, std::decay_t<T>>);
+        request.size = shared_allocator_impl::roundup(request.size, alignment());
+        if (!mPolicy.isValid(request)) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        AllocationType val = mAllocator.allocate(std::forward<T>(request));
+        if (val == nullptr) return val;
+        mPolicy.allocated(val);
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(const AllocationType& allocation) {
+        if (!allocation) return;
+        mPolicy.deallocated(allocation);
+        mAllocator.deallocate(allocation);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Enable = void>
+    auto deallocate_all()
+            -> std::enable_if_t<shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<Allocator>, Enable> {
+        mAllocator.deallocate_all();
+        mPolicy.deallocated_all();
+    }
+
+    template <typename Enable = bool>
+    auto owns(const AllocationType& allocation) const
+            -> std::enable_if_t<shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<Allocator>, Enable> {
+        return mAllocator.owns(allocation);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Enable = std::string>
+    auto dump() const -> std::enable_if_t<shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<Allocator>, Enable> {
+        return mAllocator.dump();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    [[no_unique_address]] Allocator mAllocator;
+    [[no_unique_address]] Policy mPolicy;
+};
+
+// An allocator which keeps track of outstanding allocations for logging and
+// querying ownership.
+template <class Allocator>
+class SnoopingAllocator {
+  public:
+    struct AllocationData {
+        std::string name;
+        size_t allocation_number;
+    };
+    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+
+    SnoopingAllocator(Allocator allocator, std::string_view name)
+        : mName(name), mAllocator(std::move(allocator)) {}
+
+    explicit SnoopingAllocator(std::string_view name) : mName(name), mAllocator(Allocator{}) {}
+
+    explicit SnoopingAllocator(Allocator allocator) : mAllocator(std::move(allocator)) {}
+
+    // Default construct allocator and name
+    SnoopingAllocator() = default;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    AllocationType allocate(T&& request) {
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<NamedAllocRequest, std::decay_t<T>>);
+        AllocationType allocation = mAllocator.allocate(request);
+        if (allocation)
+            mAllocations.insert({WeakAllocationType{allocation},
+                                 {std::string{request.name}, mAllocationNumber++}});
+        return allocation;
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(const AllocationType& allocation) {
+        if (!allocation) return;
+        mAllocations.erase(WeakAllocationType{allocation});
+        mAllocator.deallocate(allocation);
+    }
+
+    void deallocate_all() {
+        if constexpr (shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<Allocator>) {
+            mAllocator.deallocate_all();
+        } else {
+            for (auto& [mem, value] : mAllocations) {
+                mAllocator.deallocate(mem);
+            }
+        }
+        mAllocations.clear();
+    }
+
+    bool owns(const AllocationType& allocation) const {
+        return (mAllocations.count(WeakAllocationType{allocation}) > 0);
+    }
+
+    std::string dump() const {
+        std::ostringstream dump;
+        dump << mName << " Allocator Dump:\n";
+        dump << std::setw(8) << "HeapID" << std::setw(8) << "Size" << std::setw(8) << "Offset"
+             << std::setw(8) << "Order"
+             << "   Name\n";
+        for (auto& [mem, value] : mAllocations) {
+            // TODO Imem size and offset
+            const AllocationType handle = mem.promote();
+            if (!handle) {
+                dump << "Invalid memory lifetime!";
+                continue;
+            }
+            const auto heap = handle->getMemory();
+            dump << std::setw(8) << heap->getHeapID() << std::setw(8) << heap->getOffset()
+                 << std::setw(8) << heap->getSize() << std::setw(8) << value.allocation_number
+                 << "   " << value.name << "\n";
+        }
+        return dump.str();
+    }
+
+    const std::unordered_map<WeakAllocationType, AllocationData>& getAllocations() {
+        return mAllocations;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    const std::string mName;
+    [[no_unique_address]] Allocator mAllocator;
+    // We don't take copies of the underlying information in an allocation,
+    // rather, the allocation information is put on the heap and referenced via
+    // a ref-counted solution. So, the address of the allocation information is
+    // appropriate to hash. In order for this block to be freed, the underlying
+    // allocation must be referenced by no one (thus deallocated).
+    std::unordered_map<WeakAllocationType, AllocationData> mAllocations;
+    // For debugging purposes, monotonic
+    size_t mAllocationNumber = 0;
+};
+
+// An allocator which passes a failed allocation request to a backup allocator.
+template <class PrimaryAllocator, class SecondaryAllocator>
+class FallbackAllocator {
+  public:
+    static_assert(PrimaryAllocator::alignment() == SecondaryAllocator::alignment());
+    static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<PrimaryAllocator>);
+
+    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return PrimaryAllocator::alignment(); }
+
+    FallbackAllocator(const PrimaryAllocator& primary, const SecondaryAllocator& secondary)
+        : mPrimary(primary), mSecondary(secondary) {}
+
+    // Default construct primary and secondary allocator
+    FallbackAllocator() = default;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    AllocationType allocate(T&& request) {
+        AllocationType allocation = mPrimary.allocate(std::forward<T>(request));
+        if (!allocation) allocation = mSecondary.allocate(std::forward<T>(request));
+        return allocation;
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(const AllocationType& allocation) {
+        if (!allocation) return;
+        if (mPrimary.owns(allocation)) {
+            mPrimary.deallocate(allocation);
+        } else {
+            mSecondary.deallocate(allocation);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename Enable = void>
+    auto deallocate_all() -> std::enable_if_t<
+            shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<PrimaryAllocator> &&
+                    shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<SecondaryAllocator>,
+            Enable> {
+        mPrimary.deallocate_all();
+        mSecondary.deallocate_all();
+    }
+
+    template <typename Enable = bool>
+    auto owns(const AllocationType& allocation) const
+            -> std::enable_if_t<shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<SecondaryAllocator>, Enable> {
+        return mPrimary.owns(allocation) || mSecondary.owns(allocation);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Enable = std::string>
+    auto dump() const
+            -> std::enable_if_t<shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<PrimaryAllocator> &&
+                                        shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<SecondaryAllocator>,
+                                Enable> {
+        return std::string("Primary: \n") + mPrimary.dump() + std::string("Secondary: \n") +
+               mSecondary.dump();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    [[no_unique_address]] PrimaryAllocator mPrimary;
+    [[no_unique_address]] SecondaryAllocator mSecondary;
+};
+
+// An allocator which is backed by a shared_ptr to an allocator, so multiple
+// allocators can share the same backing allocator (and thus the same state).
+template <typename Allocator>
+class IndirectAllocator {
+  public:
+    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+
+    explicit IndirectAllocator(const std::shared_ptr<Allocator>& allocator)
+        : mAllocator(allocator) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    AllocationType allocate(T&& request) {
+        return mAllocator->allocate(std::forward<T>(request));
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(const AllocationType& allocation) {
+        if (!allocation) return;
+        mAllocator->deallocate(allocation);
+    }
+
+    // We can't implement deallocate_all/dump/owns, since we may not be the only allocator with
+    // access to the underlying allocator (making it not well-defined). If these
+    // methods are necesesary, we need to wrap with a snooping allocator.
+  private:
+    const std::shared_ptr<Allocator> mAllocator;
+};
+
+// Stateless. This allocator allocates full page-aligned MemoryHeapBases (backed by
+// a shared memory mapped anonymous file) as allocations.
+class MemoryHeapBaseAllocator {
+  public:
+    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return 4096; /* PAGE_SIZE */ }
+    static constexpr unsigned FLAGS = 0;  // default flags
+
+    template <typename T>
+    AllocationType allocate(T&& request) {
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<BasicAllocRequest, std::decay_t<T>>);
+        auto heap =
+                sp<MemoryHeapBase>::make(shared_allocator_impl::roundup(request.size, alignment()));
+        if (!shared_allocator_impl::isHeapValid(heap)) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        return sp<MemoryBase>::make(heap, 0, heap->getSize());
+    }
+
+    // Passing a block not allocated by a HeapAllocator is undefined.
+    void deallocate(const AllocationType& allocation) {
+        if (!allocation) return;
+        const auto heap = allocation->getMemory();
+        if (!heap) return;
+        // This causes future mapped accesses (even across process boundaries)
+        // to receive SIGBUS.
+        ftruncate(heap->getHeapID(), 0);
+        // This static cast is safe, since as long as the block was originally
+        // allocated by us, the underlying IMemoryHeap was a MemoryHeapBase
+        static_cast<MemoryHeapBase&>(*heap).dispose();
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace android::mediautils
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/StaticStringView.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/StaticStringView.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14be240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/StaticStringView.h
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#pragma push_macro("EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR")
+#undef EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR
+#define EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR(T, U, op)               \
+    friend constexpr bool operator op(T lhs, T rhs) {                 \
+        return operator op(static_cast<U>(lhs), static_cast<U>(rhs)); \
+    }                                                                 \
+    friend constexpr bool operator op(T lhs, U rhs) {                 \
+        return operator op(static_cast<U>(lhs), rhs);                 \
+    }                                                                 \
+    friend constexpr bool operator op(U lhs, T rhs) {                 \
+        return operator op(lhs, static_cast<U>(rhs));                 \
+    }
+
+#pragma push_macro("EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_COMPARISON_OPERATORS")
+#undef EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_COMPARISON_OPERATORS
+// Generate comparison operator friend functions for types (appropriately
+// const/ref qualified) where T is **explicitly** convertible to U.
+#define EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_COMPARISON_OPERATORS(T, U)      \
+    EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR(T, U, ==)                  \
+    EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR(T, U, !=)                  \
+    EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR(T, U, <)                   \
+    EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR(T, U, <=)                  \
+    EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR(T, U, >)                   \
+    EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR(T, U, >=)
+
+namespace android::mediautils {
+
+// This class a reference to a string with static storage duration
+// which is const (i.e. a string view). We expose an identical API to
+// string_view, however we do not publicly inherit to avoid potential mis-use of
+// non-virtual dtors/methods.
+//
+// We can create APIs which consume only static strings, which
+// avoids allocation/deallocation of the string locally, as well as potential
+// lifetime issues caused by consuming raw pointers (or string_views).
+// Equivalently, a string_view which is always valid, and whose underlying data
+// can never change.
+//
+// In most cases, the string_view should be initialized at compile time (and there are
+// helpers to do so below). In order to initialize a non-constexpr array,
+// the second template param must be false (i.e. opt-in).
+// Construction/usage as follows (constexpr required unless second template param is false):
+//
+//     constexpr static std::array<char, 12> debugString = toStdArray("MyMethodName");
+//     constexpr auto myStaticStringView = StaticStringView::create<debugString>();
+//     const auto size_t length = myStaticStringView.length() // can call any string_view methods
+//     globalLog(myStaticStringView, ...); // Pass to APIs consuming StaticStringViews
+//
+struct StaticStringView final : private std::string_view {
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_const_char_array : std::false_type {};
+
+    // Use templated value helper
+    template <size_t N>
+    struct is_const_char_array<const std::array<char, N>> : std::true_type {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static constexpr bool is_const_char_array_v =
+            is_const_char_array<std::remove_reference_t<T>>::value;
+
+    template <auto& val, std::enable_if_t<is_const_char_array_v<decltype(val)>, bool> Check = true>
+    static constexpr StaticStringView create() {
+        if constexpr (Check) {
+            // If this static_assert fails to compile, this method was called
+            // with a non-constexpr
+            static_assert(val[0]);
+        }
+        return StaticStringView{val.data(), val.size()};
+    }
+
+    // We can copy/move assign/construct from other StaticStringViews as their validity is already
+    // ensured
+    constexpr StaticStringView(const StaticStringView& other) = default;
+    constexpr StaticStringView& operator=(const StaticStringView& other) = default;
+    constexpr StaticStringView(StaticStringView&& other) = default;
+    constexpr StaticStringView& operator=(StaticStringView&& other) = default;
+
+    // Explicitly convert to a std::string_view (this is a strict loss of
+    // information so should only be used across APIs which intend to consume
+    // any std::string_view).
+    constexpr std::string_view getStringView() const { return *this; }
+
+    // The following methods expose an identical API to std::string_view
+    using std::string_view::begin;
+    using std::string_view::cbegin;
+    using std::string_view::cend;
+    using std::string_view::crbegin;
+    using std::string_view::crend;
+    using std::string_view::end;
+    using std::string_view::rbegin;
+    using std::string_view::rend;
+    using std::string_view::operator[];
+    using std::string_view::at;
+    using std::string_view::back;
+    using std::string_view::data;
+    using std::string_view::empty;
+    using std::string_view::front;
+    using std::string_view::length;
+    using std::string_view::max_size;
+    using std::string_view::size;
+    // These modifiers are valid because the resulting view is a
+    // substring of the original static string
+    using std::string_view::remove_prefix;
+    using std::string_view::remove_suffix;
+    // Skip swap
+    using std::string_view::compare;
+    using std::string_view::copy;
+    using std::string_view::find;
+    using std::string_view::find_first_not_of;
+    using std::string_view::find_first_of;
+    using std::string_view::find_last_not_of;
+    using std::string_view::find_last_of;
+    using std::string_view::rfind;
+    using std::string_view::substr;
+#if __cplusplus >= 202202L
+    using std::string_view::ends_with;
+    using std::string_view::starts_with;
+#endif
+    using std::string_view::npos;
+
+    // Non-member friend functions to follow. Identical API to std::string_view
+    template <class CharT, class Traits>
+    friend std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& os,
+                                                         StaticStringView v) {
+        return os << static_cast<std::string_view&>(v);
+    }
+
+    EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_COMPARISON_OPERATORS(const StaticStringView&,
+                                                      const std::string_view&)
+
+  private:
+    constexpr StaticStringView(const char* ptr, size_t sz) : std::string_view(ptr, sz){};
+
+  public:
+    // The next two functions are logically consteval (only avail in c++20).
+    // We can't use templates as params, as they would require references to
+    // static which would unnecessarily bloat executable size.
+    template <typename T, size_t N, size_t M>
+    static constexpr std::array<T, N + M> concatArray(const std::array<T, N>& a,
+                                                      const std::array<T, M>& b) {
+        std::array<T, N + M> res{};
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+            res[i] = a[i];
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < M; i++) {
+            res[N + i] = b[i];
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    static void arrayIsNotNullTerminated();
+
+    // This method should only be called on C-style char arrays which are
+    // null-terminated. Calling this method on a char array with intermediate null
+    // characters (i.e. "hello\0" or "hel\0lo" will result in a std::array with null
+    // characters, which is most likely not intended.
+    // We attempt to detect a non-null terminated char array at link-time, but
+    // this is best effort. A consequence of this approach is that this method
+    // will fail to link for extern args, or when not inlined. Since this method
+    // is intended to be used constexpr, this is not an issue.
+    template <size_t N>
+    static constexpr std::array<char, N - 1> toStdArray(const char (&input)[N]) {
+        std::array<char, N - 1> res{};
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) {
+            res[i] = input[i];
+        }
+        // A workaround to generate a link-time error if toStdArray is not called on
+        // a null-terminated char array.
+        if (input[N - 1] != 0) arrayIsNotNullTerminated();
+        return res;
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace android::mediautils
+
+// Specialization of std::hash for use with std::unordered_map
+namespace std {
+template <>
+struct hash<android::mediautils::StaticStringView> {
+    constexpr size_t operator()(const android::mediautils::StaticStringView& val) {
+        return std::hash<std::string_view>{}(val.getStringView());
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace std
+
+#pragma pop_macro("EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_OPERATOR")
+#pragma pop_macro("EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_GENERATE_COMPARISON_OPERATORS")
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/TidWrapper.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TidWrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeefa01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TidWrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace android::mediautils {
+
+// The library wrapper for gettid is only available on bionic. If we don't link
+// against it, we syscall directly.
+inline pid_t getThreadIdWrapper() {
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+    return ::gettid();
+#else
+    return syscall(SYS_gettid);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Send an abort signal to a (linux) thread id.
+inline int abortTid(int tid) {
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    const pid_t pid = getpid();
+    siginfo_t siginfo = {
+        .si_code = SI_QUEUE,
+        .si_pid = pid,
+        .si_uid = getuid(),
+    };
+    return syscall(SYS_rt_tgsigqueueinfo, pid, tid, SIGABRT, &siginfo);
+#else
+  errno = ENODEV;
+  return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimeCheck.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimeCheck.h
index bdb5337..f9ea50c 100644
--- a/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimeCheck.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimeCheck.h
@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@
         const Duration secondChanceDuration;
         const std::chrono::system_clock::time_point startSystemTime;
         const pid_t tid;
-
         void onCancel(TimerThread::Handle handle) const;
         void onTimeout(TimerThread::Handle handle) const;
     };
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h
index c76fa7d..d5be177 100644
--- a/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@
 #include <deque>
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 
@@ -151,7 +153,15 @@
      */
     bool cancelTask(Handle handle);
 
-    std::string toString(size_t retiredCount = SIZE_MAX) const;
+    struct SnapshotAnalysis;
+    /**
+     * Take a snapshot of the current state of the TimerThread and determine the
+     * potential cause of a deadlock.
+     * \param retiredCount The number of successfully retired calls to capture
+     *                      (may be many).
+     * \return See below for a description of a SnapShotAnalysis object
+     */
+    SnapshotAnalysis getSnapshotAnalysis(size_t retiredCount = SIZE_MAX) const;
 
     /**
      * Returns a string representation of the TimerThread queue.
@@ -202,7 +212,6 @@
         return s;
     }
 
-  private:
     // To minimize movement of data, we pass around shared_ptrs to Requests.
     // These are allocated and deallocated outside of the lock.
     // TODO(b/243839867) consider options to merge Request with the
@@ -232,6 +241,40 @@
         std::string toString() const;
     };
 
+
+    // SnapshotAnalysis contains info deduced by analysisTimeout().
+
+    struct SnapshotAnalysis {
+        // If we were unable to determine any applicable thread ids,
+        // we leave their value as INVALID_PID.
+        // Note, we use the linux thread id (not pthread), so its type is pid_t.
+        static constexpr pid_t INVALID_PID = -1;
+        // Description of likely issue and/or blocked method.
+        // Empty if no actionable info.
+        std::string description;
+        // Tid of the (latest) monitored thread which has timed out.
+        // This is the thread which the suspect is deduced with respect to.
+        // Most often, this is the thread which an abort is being triggered
+        // from.
+        pid_t timeoutTid = INVALID_PID;
+        // Tid of the (HAL) thread which has likely halted progress, selected
+        // from pendingRequests. May be the same as timeoutTid, if the timed-out
+        // thread directly called into the HAL.
+        pid_t suspectTid = INVALID_PID;
+        // Number of second chances given by the timer thread
+        size_t secondChanceCount;
+        // List of pending requests
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> pendingRequests;
+        // List of timed-out requests
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> timeoutRequests;
+        // List of retired requests
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> retiredRequests;
+        // Dumps the information contained above as well as additional call
+        // stacks where applicable.
+        std::string toString() const;
+    };
+
+  private:
     // Deque of requests, in order of add().
     // This class is thread-safe.
     class RequestQueue {
@@ -326,36 +369,11 @@
         }
     };
 
-    // Analysis contains info deduced by analysisTimeout().
-    //
-    // Summary is the result string from checking timeoutRequests to see if
-    // any might be caused by blocked calls in pendingRequests.
-    //
-    // Summary string is empty if there is no automatic actionable info.
-    //
-    // timeoutTid is the tid selected from timeoutRequests (if any).
-    //
-    // HALBlockedTid is the tid that is blocked from pendingRequests believed
-    // to cause the timeout.
-    // HALBlockedTid may be INVALID_PID if no suspected tid is found,
-    // and if HALBlockedTid is valid, it will not be the same as timeoutTid.
-    //
-    static constexpr pid_t INVALID_PID = -1;
-    struct Analysis {
-        std::string summary;
-        pid_t timeoutTid = INVALID_PID;
-        pid_t HALBlockedTid = INVALID_PID;
-    };
 
     // A HAL method is where the substring "Hidl" is in the class name.
     // The tag should look like: ... Hidl ... :: ...
     static bool isRequestFromHal(const std::shared_ptr<const Request>& request);
 
-    // Returns analysis from the requests.
-    static Analysis analyzeTimeout(
-        const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>>& timeoutRequests,
-        const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>>& pendingRequests);
-
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> getPendingRequests() const;
 
     static constexpr size_t kRetiredQueueMax = 16;
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/Android.bp b/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
index 232cc4e..0689083 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -7,76 +7,107 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_license"],
 }
 
-cc_test_library {
-    name: "libsharedtest",
+// general test config
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libmediautils_tests_config",
+
+    host_supported: true,
+
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
         "-Wextra",
     ],
 
-    sanitize:{
-       address: true,
-       cfi: true,
-       integer_overflow: true,
-       memtag_heap: true,
+    sanitize: {
+        undefined: true,
+        misc_undefined: [
+            "float-divide-by-zero",
+            "local-bounds",
+        ],
+        integer_overflow: true,
+        cfi: true,
+        memtag_heap: true,
+        diag: {
+            undefined: true,
+            misc_undefined: [
+                "float-divide-by-zero",
+                "local-bounds",
+            ],
+            integer_overflow: true,
+            cfi: true,
+            memtag_heap: true,
+        },
     },
+    target: {
+        host: {
+            sanitize: {
+                cfi: false,
+                diag: {
+                    cfi: false,
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libmediautils_tests_defaults",
+
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_config"],
+
+    host_supported: true,
 
     shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
         "liblog",
+        "libmediautils",
+        "libutils",
     ],
+}
+
+cc_test_library {
+    name: "libsharedtest",
+
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     srcs: [
         "sharedtest.cpp",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
     name: "library_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-
-    sanitize:{
-       address: true,
-       cfi: true,
-       integer_overflow: true,
-       memtag_heap: true,
-    },
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     data_libs: [
         "libsharedtest",
     ],
 
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+
     srcs: [
         "library_tests.cpp",
     ],
 }
 
 cc_test {
+    name: "libmediautils_test",
+
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "memory-test.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
     name: "media_process_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     srcs: [
         "media_process_tests.cpp",
@@ -86,17 +117,7 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "media_synchronization_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     srcs: [
         "media_synchronization_tests.cpp",
@@ -106,17 +127,7 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "media_threadsnapshot_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     srcs: [
         "media_threadsnapshot_tests.cpp",
@@ -126,17 +137,10 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "mediautils_fixedstring_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libaudioutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
     ],
 
     srcs: [
@@ -147,17 +151,10 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "mediautils_scopedstatistics_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libaudioutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
     ],
 
     srcs: [
@@ -168,17 +165,10 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "methodstatistics_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libaudioutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
     ],
 
     srcs: [
@@ -187,28 +177,59 @@
 }
 
 cc_test {
+    name: "static_string_tests",
+
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "static_string_view_tests.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
     name: "timecheck_tests",
 
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-
-    sanitize:{
-       address: true,
-       cfi: true,
-       integer_overflow: true,
-       memtag_heap: true,
-    },
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
 
     srcs: [
         "timecheck_tests.cpp",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "timerthread_tests",
+
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "TimerThread-test.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "extended_accumulator_tests",
+
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "extended_accumulator_tests.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "inplace_function_tests",
+
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "inplace_function_tests.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "shared_memory_allocator_tests",
+    defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/media/utils/TimerThread-test.cpp b/media/utils/tests/TimerThread-test.cpp
similarity index 70%
rename from media/utils/TimerThread-test.cpp
rename to media/utils/tests/TimerThread-test.cpp
index 9452c07..468deed 100644
--- a/media/utils/TimerThread-test.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/TimerThread-test.cpp
@@ -52,14 +52,16 @@
     std::atomic<bool> taskRan = false;
     TimerThread thread;
     TimerThread::Handle handle =
-            thread.scheduleTask("Basic", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+            thread.scheduleTask("Basic", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
                     taskRan = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(100, frac));
     ASSERT_TRUE(TimerThread::isTimeoutHandle(handle));
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms - kJitter);
     ASSERT_FALSE(taskRan);
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(2 * kJitter);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(taskRan);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(taskRan); // timed-out called.
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.timeoutToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    // nothing cancelled
+    ASSERT_EQ(0ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 }
 
 static void testCancel() {
@@ -68,15 +70,17 @@
     std::atomic<bool> taskRan = false;
     TimerThread thread;
     TimerThread::Handle handle =
-            thread.scheduleTask("Cancel", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+            thread.scheduleTask("Cancel", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
                     taskRan = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(100, frac));
     ASSERT_TRUE(TimerThread::isTimeoutHandle(handle));
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms - kJitter);
     ASSERT_FALSE(taskRan);
     ASSERT_TRUE(thread.cancelTask(handle));
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(2 * kJitter);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(taskRan);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(taskRan); // timed-out did not call.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0ul, countChars(thread.timeoutToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    // task cancelled.
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 }
 
 static void testCancelAfterRun() {
@@ -86,14 +90,16 @@
     TimerThread thread;
     TimerThread::Handle handle =
             thread.scheduleTask("CancelAfterRun",
-                    [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+                    [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
                             taskRan = true; },
                             DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(100, frac));
     ASSERT_TRUE(TimerThread::isTimeoutHandle(handle));
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms + kJitter);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(taskRan);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(taskRan); //  timed-out called.
     ASSERT_FALSE(thread.cancelTask(handle));
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.timeoutToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    // nothing actually cancelled
+    ASSERT_EQ(0ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 }
 
 static void testMultipleTasks() {
@@ -104,23 +110,23 @@
 
     auto startTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
-    thread.scheduleTask("0", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+    thread.scheduleTask("0", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
             taskRan[0] = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(300, frac));
-    thread.scheduleTask("1", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+    thread.scheduleTask("1", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
             taskRan[1] = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(100, frac));
-    thread.scheduleTask("2", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+    thread.scheduleTask("2", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
             taskRan[2] = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(200, frac));
-    thread.scheduleTask("3", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+    thread.scheduleTask("3", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
             taskRan[3] = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(400, frac));
-    auto handle4 = thread.scheduleTask("4", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+    auto handle4 = thread.scheduleTask("4", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
             taskRan[4] = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(200, frac));
-    thread.scheduleTask("5", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle handle __unused) {
+    thread.scheduleTask("5", [&taskRan](TimerThread::Handle) {
             taskRan[5] = true; }, DISTRIBUTE_TIMEOUT_SECONDCHANCE_MS_FRAC(200, frac));
 
     // 6 tasks pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(6, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(6ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
     // 0 tasks completed
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     // None of the tasks are expected to have finished at the start.
     std::array<std::atomic<bool>, 6> expected{};
@@ -162,17 +168,19 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expected, taskRan);
 
     // 1 task pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
-    // 4 tasks ran and 1 cancelled
-    ASSERT_EQ(4 + 1, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    // 4 tasks called on timeout,  and 1 cancelled
+    ASSERT_EQ(4ul, countChars(thread.timeoutToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     // Task 3 should trigger around 400ms.
     std::this_thread::sleep_until(startTime + 400ms - kJitter);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(expected, taskRan);
 
-    // 4 tasks ran and 1 cancelled
-    ASSERT_EQ(4 + 1, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    // 4 tasks called on timeout and 1 cancelled
+    ASSERT_EQ(4ul, countChars(thread.timeoutToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     std::this_thread::sleep_until(startTime + 400ms + kJitter);
 
@@ -180,9 +188,10 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expected, taskRan);
 
     // 0 tasks pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
-    // 5 tasks ran and 1 cancelled
-    ASSERT_EQ(5 + 1, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    // 5 tasks called on timeout and 1 cancelled
+    ASSERT_EQ(5ul, countChars(thread.timeoutToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 }
 
 }; // class TimerThreadTest
@@ -221,48 +230,48 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(TimerThread::isNoTimeoutHandle(handle2));
 
     // 3 tasks pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(3, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(3ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
     // 0 tasks retired
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(thread.cancelTask(handle0));
     ASSERT_TRUE(thread.cancelTask(handle1));
 
     // 1 task pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
     // 2 tasks retired
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     // handle1 is stale, cancel returns false.
     ASSERT_FALSE(thread.cancelTask(handle1));
 
     // 1 task pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
     // 2 tasks retired
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     // Add another tracked task.
     auto handle3 = thread.trackTask("3");
     ASSERT_TRUE(TimerThread::isNoTimeoutHandle(handle3));
 
     // 2 tasks pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
     // 2 tasks retired
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(thread.cancelTask(handle2));
 
     // 1 tasks pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
     // 3 tasks retired
-    ASSERT_EQ(3, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(3ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(thread.cancelTask(handle3));
 
     // 0 tasks pending
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0ul, countChars(thread.pendingToString(), REQUEST_START));
     // 4 tasks retired
-    ASSERT_EQ(4, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
+    ASSERT_EQ(4ul, countChars(thread.retiredToString(), REQUEST_START));
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/extended_accumulator_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/extended_accumulator_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e243e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/tests/extended_accumulator_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "extended_accumulator_tests"
+
+#include <mediautils/ExtendedAccumulator.h>
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::mediautils;
+
+// Conditionally choose a base accumulating counter value in order to prevent
+// unsigned underflow on the accumulator from aborting the tests.
+template <typename TType, typename CType>
+static constexpr CType getBase() {
+  static_assert(sizeof(TType) < sizeof(CType));
+  if constexpr (std::is_unsigned_v<CType>) {
+      return std::numeric_limits<TType>::max() + 1;
+  } else {
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// Since the entire state of this utility is the previous value, and the
+// behavior is isomorphic mod the underlying type on the previous value, we can
+// test combinations of the previous value of the underlying type and a
+// hypothetical signed update to that type and ensure the accumulator moves
+// correctly and reports overflow correctly.
+template <typename TestUInt, typename CType>
+void testPair(TestUInt prevVal, std::make_signed_t<TestUInt> delta) {
+    using TestDetect = ExtendedAccumulator<TestUInt, CType>;
+    using TestInt = typename TestDetect::SignedInt;
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename TestDetect::UnsignedInt, TestUInt>);
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<TestInt, std::make_signed_t<TestUInt>>);
+    static_assert(sizeof(TestUInt) < sizeof(CType));
+
+    // To safely detect underflow/overflow for testing
+    // Should be 0 mod TestUInt, max + 1 is convenient
+    static constexpr CType base = getBase<TestUInt, CType>();
+    const CType prev = base + prevVal;
+    TestDetect test{prev};
+    EXPECT_EQ(test.getValue(), prev);
+    // Prevent unsigned wraparound abort
+    CType next;
+    const auto err =  __builtin_add_overflow(prev, delta, &next);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(err, "Unexpected wrap in tests");
+    const auto [result, status] = test.poll(static_cast<TestUInt>(next));
+    EXPECT_EQ(test.getValue(), next);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, delta);
+
+    // Test overflow/underflow event reporting.
+    if (next < base) EXPECT_EQ(TestDetect::Wrap::UNDERFLOW, status);
+    else if (next > base + std::numeric_limits<TestUInt>::max())
+        EXPECT_EQ(TestDetect::Wrap::OVERFLOW, status);
+    else EXPECT_EQ(TestDetect::Wrap::NORMAL, status);
+}
+
+// Test this utility on every combination of prior and update value for the
+// type uint8_t, with an unsigned containing type.
+TEST(wraparound_tests, cover_u8_u64) {
+    using TType = uint8_t;
+    using CType = uint64_t;
+    static constexpr CType max = std::numeric_limits<TType>::max();
+    for (CType i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
+        for (CType j = 0; j <= max; j++) {
+            testPair<TType, CType>(i, static_cast<int64_t>(j));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Test this utility on every combination of prior and update value for the
+// type uint8_t, with a signed containing type.
+TEST(wraparound_tests, cover_u8_s64) {
+    using TType = uint8_t;
+    using CType = int64_t;
+    static constexpr CType max = std::numeric_limits<TType>::max();
+    for (CType i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
+        for (CType j = 0; j <= max; j++) {
+            testPair<TType, CType>(i, static_cast<int64_t>(j));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/inplace_function_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/inplace_function_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6172aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/tests/inplace_function_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "inplace_function_tests"
+
+#include <mediautils/InPlaceFunction.h>
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::mediautils;
+
+struct BigCallable {
+    BigCallable(size_t* x, size_t val1, size_t val2) : ptr(x), a(val1), b(val2) {}
+    size_t* ptr;
+    size_t a;
+    size_t b;
+    size_t operator()(size_t input) const {
+        *ptr += a * 100 + b * 10 + input;
+        return 8;
+    }
+};
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, Basic) {
+    size_t x = 5;
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t)> func;
+    {
+        BigCallable test{&x, 2, 3};
+        func = test;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(func(2), 8ull);
+    EXPECT_EQ(x, 232ull + 5);
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, Invalid) {
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t)> func;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!func);
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t)> func2{nullptr};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!func2);
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t)> func3 = [](size_t x) { return x; };
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!(!func3));
+    func3 = nullptr;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!func3);
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, MultiArg) {
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t, size_t, size_t)> func = [](size_t a, size_t b, size_t c) {
+        return a + b + c;
+    };
+    EXPECT_EQ(func(2, 3, 5), 2ull + 3 + 5);
+}
+struct Record {
+    Record(size_t m, size_t c, size_t d) : move_called(m), copy_called(c), dtor_called(d) {}
+    Record() {}
+    size_t move_called = 0;
+    size_t copy_called = 0;
+    size_t dtor_called = 0;
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Record& record) {
+        return os << "Record, moves: " << record.move_called << ", copies: " << record.copy_called
+                  << ", dtor: " << record.dtor_called << '\n';
+    }
+};
+
+bool operator==(const Record& lhs, const Record& rhs) {
+    return lhs.move_called == rhs.move_called && lhs.copy_called == rhs.copy_called &&
+           lhs.dtor_called == rhs.dtor_called;
+}
+
+struct Noisy {
+    Record& ref;
+    size_t state;
+    Noisy(Record& record, size_t val) : ref(record), state(val) {}
+    Noisy(const Noisy& other) : ref(other.ref), state(other.state) { ref.copy_called++; }
+
+    Noisy(Noisy&& other) : ref(other.ref), state(other.state) { ref.move_called++; }
+    ~Noisy() { ref.dtor_called++; }
+
+    size_t operator()() { return state; }
+};
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, CtorForwarding) {
+    Record record;
+    Noisy noisy{record, 17};
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func{noisy};
+    EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+    EXPECT_EQ(func(), 17ull);
+    Record record2;
+    Noisy noisy2{record2, 13};
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func2{std::move(noisy2)};
+    EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(1, 0, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+    EXPECT_EQ(func2(), 13ull);
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, FunctionCtorForwarding) {
+    {
+        Record record;
+        Noisy noisy{record, 17};
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func{noisy};
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        EXPECT_EQ(func(), 17ull);
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func2{func};
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 2, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        EXPECT_EQ(func2(), 17ull);
+    }
+    Record record;
+    Noisy noisy{record, 13};
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func{noisy};
+    EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+    EXPECT_EQ(func(), 13ull);
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func2{std::move(func)};
+    EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+    EXPECT_EQ(func2(), 13ull);
+    // We expect moved from functions to still be valid
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!(!func));
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<bool>(func), static_cast<bool>(func2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(func(), 13ull);
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, Dtor) {
+    Record record;
+    {
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func;
+        {
+            Noisy noisy{record, 17};
+            func = noisy;
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(func(), 17ull);
+        EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 1ull);
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 2ull);
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, Assignment) {
+    {
+        Record record;
+        Record record2;
+        Noisy noisy{record, 17};
+        Noisy noisy2{record2, 5};
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func{noisy};
+        EXPECT_EQ(func(), 17ull);
+        EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 0ull);
+        func = noisy2;
+        EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 1ull);
+        EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        EXPECT_EQ(func(), 5ull);
+    }
+    {
+        Record record;
+        Record record2;
+        Noisy noisy{record, 17};
+        Noisy noisy2{record2, 5};
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func{noisy};
+        EXPECT_EQ(func(), 17ull);
+        EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 0ull);
+        func = std::move(noisy2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 1ull);
+        EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(1, 0, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        EXPECT_EQ(func(), 5ull);
+    }
+
+    {
+        Record record;
+        Record record2;
+        Noisy noisy{record, 17};
+        Noisy noisy2{record2, 13};
+        {
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func{noisy};
+            EXPECT_EQ(func(), 17ull);
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func2{noisy2};
+            EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 0ull);
+            func = func2;
+            EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 1ull);
+            EXPECT_EQ(func(), 13ull);
+            EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(0, 2, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            EXPECT_TRUE(static_cast<bool>(func2));
+            EXPECT_EQ(func2(), 13ull);
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(0, 2, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+
+    {
+        Record record;
+        Record record2;
+        Noisy noisy{record, 17};
+        Noisy noisy2{record2, 13};
+        {
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func{noisy};
+            EXPECT_EQ(func(), 17ull);
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func2{noisy2};
+            EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 0ull);
+            EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            func = std::move(func2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(record.dtor_called, 1ull);
+            EXPECT_EQ(func(), 13ull);
+            EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(1, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            // Moved from function is still valid
+            EXPECT_TRUE(static_cast<bool>(func2));
+            EXPECT_EQ(func2(), 13ull);
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(1, 1, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, Swap) {
+    Record record1;
+    Record record2;
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func1 = Noisy{record1, 5};
+    InPlaceFunction<size_t()> func2 = Noisy{record2, 7};
+    EXPECT_EQ(record1, Record(1, 0, 1));  // move, copy, dtor
+    EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(1, 0, 1));  // move, copy, dtor
+    EXPECT_EQ(func1(), 5ull);
+    EXPECT_EQ(func2(), 7ull);
+    func1.swap(func2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(record1, Record(2, 0, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+    // An additional move and destroy into the temporary object
+    EXPECT_EQ(record2, Record(3, 0, 3));  // move, copy, dtor
+    EXPECT_EQ(func1(), 7ull);
+    EXPECT_EQ(func2(), 5ull);
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, Conversion) {
+    Record record;
+    Noisy noisy{record, 15};
+    {
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 16> func2 = noisy;
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        {
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32> func{func2};
+            EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 2, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            EXPECT_EQ(func2(), func());
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 2, 1));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 2, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, ConversionMove) {
+    Record record;
+    Noisy noisy{record, 15};
+    {
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 16> func2 = noisy;
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        {
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32> func{std::move(func2)};
+            EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            EXPECT_EQ(func2(), func());
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 1));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, ConversionAssign) {
+    Record record;
+    Noisy noisy{record, 15};
+    {
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32> func;
+        {
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 16> func2 = noisy;
+            EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            func = func2;
+            EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 2, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            EXPECT_EQ(func2(), func());
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 2, 1));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 2, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, ConversionAssignMove) {
+    Record record;
+    Noisy noisy{record, 15};
+    {
+        InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32> func;
+        {
+            InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 16> func2 = noisy;
+            EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            func = std::move(func2);
+            EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+            EXPECT_EQ(func2(), func());
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 1));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+}
+
+struct NoMoveCopy {
+    NoMoveCopy() = default;
+    NoMoveCopy(const NoMoveCopy&) = delete;
+    NoMoveCopy(NoMoveCopy&&) = delete;
+};
+struct TestCallable {
+    NoMoveCopy& operator()(NoMoveCopy& x) { return x; }
+};
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, ArgumentForwarding) {
+    const auto lambd = [](NoMoveCopy& x) -> NoMoveCopy& { return x; };
+    InPlaceFunction<NoMoveCopy&(NoMoveCopy&)> func = lambd;
+    const auto lambd2 = [](NoMoveCopy&& x) -> NoMoveCopy&& { return std::move(x); };
+    InPlaceFunction<NoMoveCopy && (NoMoveCopy &&)> func2 = lambd2;
+    auto lvalue = NoMoveCopy{};
+    func(lvalue);
+    func2(NoMoveCopy{});
+    InPlaceFunction<void(NoMoveCopy&)> func3 = [](const NoMoveCopy&) {};
+    func3(lvalue);
+    InPlaceFunction<void(NoMoveCopy &&)> func4 = [](const NoMoveCopy&) {};
+    func4(std::move(lvalue));
+    InPlaceFunction<void(const NoMoveCopy&)> func5 = [](const NoMoveCopy&) {};
+    func5(lvalue);
+    InPlaceFunction<void(const NoMoveCopy&&)> func6 = [](const NoMoveCopy&) {};
+    func6(std::move(lvalue));
+    InPlaceFunction<void(const NoMoveCopy&&)> func7 = [](const NoMoveCopy&&) {};
+    func7(std::move(lvalue));
+    InPlaceFunction<void(NoMoveCopy &&)> func8 = [](const NoMoveCopy&&) {};
+    func8(std::move(lvalue));
+
+    {
+        Record record;
+        Noisy noisy{record, 5};
+        const auto lambd3 = [](Noisy) {};
+        InPlaceFunction<void(Noisy)> func3{lambd3};
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 0, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        func3(std::move(noisy));
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(2, 0, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+
+    {
+        Record record;
+        Noisy noisy{record, 5};
+        const auto lambd3 = [](Noisy) {};
+        InPlaceFunction<void(Noisy)> func3{lambd3};
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(0, 0, 0));  // move, copy, dtor
+        func3(noisy);
+        EXPECT_EQ(record, Record(1, 1, 2));  // move, copy, dtor
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, VoidFunction) {
+    InPlaceFunction<void(size_t)> func = [](size_t x) -> size_t { return x; };
+    func(5);
+    InPlaceFunction<void(void)> func2 = []() -> size_t { return 5; };
+    func2();
+}
+NoMoveCopy foo() {
+    return NoMoveCopy();
+}
+struct Test {
+    NoMoveCopy operator()() { return NoMoveCopy{}; }
+};
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, FullElision) {
+    InPlaceFunction<NoMoveCopy()> func = foo;
+}
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, ReturnConversion) {
+    const auto lambd = [](int&& x) -> int&& { return std::move(x); };
+    InPlaceFunction<int && (int&& x)> func = lambd;
+    func(5);
+    InPlaceFunction<void(int)> func3 = [](double) {};
+    func3(5);
+    InPlaceFunction<double()> func4 = []() -> int { return 5; };
+    func4();
+}
+
+struct Overloaded {
+    int operator()() & { return 2; }
+    int operator()() const& { return 3; }
+    int operator()() && { return 4; }
+    int operator()() const&& { return 5; }
+};
+
+TEST(InPlaceFunctionTests, OverloadResolution) {
+    InPlaceFunction<int()> func = Overloaded{};
+    EXPECT_EQ(func(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::move(func()), 2);
+}
+
+template <class T, class U, class = void>
+struct can_assign : std::false_type {};
+
+template <class T, class U>
+struct can_assign<T, U, typename std::void_t<decltype(T().operator=(U()))>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <class From, class To, bool Expected>
+static constexpr bool Convertible =
+        (can_assign<To, From>::value ==
+         std::is_constructible_v<To, From>)&&(std::is_constructible_v<To, From> == Expected);
+
+struct TooBig {
+    std::array<uint64_t, 5> big = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    size_t operator()() { return static_cast<size_t>(big[0] + big[1] + big[2] + big[3] + big[4]); }
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(TooBig) == 40);
+struct NotCallable {};
+struct WrongArg {
+    void operator()(NotCallable) {}
+};
+struct WrongRet {
+    NotCallable operator()(size_t) { return NotCallable{}; }
+};
+
+static_assert(Convertible<InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, true>);
+static_assert(
+        Convertible<InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t), 32>, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<InPlaceFunction<void(), 32>, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<TooBig, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<TooBig, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 40>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<NotCallable, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 40>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<WrongArg, InPlaceFunction<void(size_t), 40>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<WrongRet, InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t), 40>, false>);
+// Void returning functions are modelled by any return type
+static_assert(Convertible<WrongRet, InPlaceFunction<void(size_t), 40>, true>);
+
+// Check constructibility/assignability from smaller function types
+static_assert(Convertible<InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 24>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 40>, true>);
+static_assert(
+        Convertible<InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, InPlaceFunction<size_t(size_t), 40>, false>);
+static_assert(
+        Convertible<InPlaceFunction<size_t(), 32>, InPlaceFunction<NotCallable(), 40>, false>);
+
+struct BadLambd {
+    int operator()(int&& x) { return std::move(x); }
+};
+
+static_assert(Convertible<BadLambd, InPlaceFunction<int(int&&), 32>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<BadLambd, InPlaceFunction<int&(int&&), 32>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<BadLambd, InPlaceFunction<const int&(int&&), 32>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<BadLambd, InPlaceFunction<int && (int&&), 32>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<BadLambd, InPlaceFunction<const int && (int&&), 32>, false>);
+
+struct Base {};
+struct Derived : Base {};
+struct Converted {
+    Converted(const Derived&) {}
+};
+
+struct ConvertCallable {
+    Derived operator()() { return Derived{}; }
+    Derived& operator()(Derived& x) { return x; }
+    Derived&& operator()(Derived&& x) { return std::move(x); }
+    const Derived& operator()(const Derived& x) { return x; }
+    const Derived&& operator()(const Derived&& x) { return std::move(x); }
+};
+
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Derived&()>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Base&()>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Derived()>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Base()>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Converted()>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Converted&()>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Converted && ()>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Converted&()>, false>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Converted && ()>, false>);
+
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Derived&(Derived&)>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Base&(Derived&)>, true>);
+
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Derived && (Derived &&)>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<Base && (Derived &&)>, true>);
+
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Derived&(const Derived&)>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Base&(const Derived&)>, true>);
+
+static_assert(
+        Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Derived && (const Derived&&)>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Base && (const Derived&&)>, true>);
+
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Derived&(Derived&)>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Base&(Derived&)>, true>);
+
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Derived && (Derived &&)>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Base && (Derived &&)>, true>);
+
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Derived&(Derived&&)>, true>);
+static_assert(Convertible<ConvertCallable, InPlaceFunction<const Base&(Derived&&)>, true>);
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/library_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/library_tests.cpp
index c5c500c..f15f7f9 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/library_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/library_tests.cpp
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-static int32_t here = 0;  // accessed on same thread.
+[[maybe_unused]] static int32_t here = 0;  // accessed on same thread.
 
+#if __android__
 TEST(library_tests, basic) {
     std::string path = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/libsharedtest.so";
     // The flags to loadLibrary should not include  RTLD_GLOBAL or RTLD_NODELETE
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@
     // will prevent unloading libraries.
     ASSERT_EQ(1, here);
 }
+#endif
 
 TEST(library_tests, sad_library) {
     std::string path = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory()
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/media_process_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/media_process_tests.cpp
index 2ae3f70..391c6a7 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/media_process_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/media_process_tests.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <mediautils/Process.h>
+#include <mediautils/TidWrapper.h>
 
 #define LOG_TAG "media_process_tests"
 
@@ -24,8 +25,16 @@
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::mediautils;
 
+// Disables false-positives from base::Split()
+//
+// See mismatched sanitized libraries here:
+// https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizerContainerOverflow
+extern "C" const char* __asan_default_options() {
+  return "detect_container_overflow=0";
+}
+
 TEST(media_process_tests, basic) {
-  const std::string schedString = getThreadSchedAsString(gettid());
+  const std::string schedString = getThreadSchedAsString(getThreadIdWrapper());
 
   (void)schedString;
   // We don't test schedString, only that we haven't crashed.
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/media_threadsnapshot_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/media_threadsnapshot_tests.cpp
index c7a45e2..57cf698 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/media_threadsnapshot_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/media_threadsnapshot_tests.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <mediautils/ThreadSnapshot.h>
+#include <mediautils/TidWrapper.h>
 
 #define LOG_TAG "media_threadsnapshot_tests"
 
@@ -27,10 +28,18 @@
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::mediautils;
 
+// Disables false-positives from base::Split()
+//
+// See mismatched sanitized libraries here:
+// https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizerContainerOverflow
+extern "C" const char* __asan_default_options() {
+  return "detect_container_overflow=0";
+}
+
 TEST(media_threadsnapshot_tests, basic) {
   using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-  ThreadSnapshot threadSnapshot(gettid());
+  ThreadSnapshot threadSnapshot(getThreadIdWrapper());
 
   threadSnapshot.onBegin();
 
diff --git a/media/utils/memory-test.cpp b/media/utils/tests/memory-test.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from media/utils/memory-test.cpp
rename to media/utils/tests/memory-test.cpp
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11bc72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/tests/shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "shared_memory_allocator_tests"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::mediautils;
+
+namespace {
+void validate_block(const AllocationType& block) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(block != nullptr);
+    memset(block->unsecurePointer(), 10, 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*(static_cast<char*>(block->unsecurePointer()) + 100), static_cast<char>(10));
+}
+
+template <size_t N = 0, bool FatalOwn = true>
+struct ValidateForwarding {
+    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return 1337; }
+
+    bool owns(const AllocationType& allocation) const {
+        if (allocation == owned) return true;
+        if constexpr (FatalOwn) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(allocation != not_owned, "Invalid allocation passed to allocator");
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void deallocate_all() { deallocate_all_count++; }
+    std::string dump() const { return dump_string; }
+
+    static inline size_t deallocate_all_count = 0;
+    static inline const AllocationType owned =
+            MemoryHeapBaseAllocator().allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096});
+    static inline const AllocationType not_owned =
+            MemoryHeapBaseAllocator().allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096});
+    static inline const std::string dump_string = std::to_string(N) + "Test Dump Forwarding";
+};
+
+};  // namespace
+static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator> == false);
+static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator> == false);
+static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator> == false);
+static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>> == true);
+static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>> == true);
+static_assert(
+        shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>> ==
+        true);
+static_assert(
+        shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<
+                PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>, SizePolicy<4096>>> ==
+        true);
+static_assert(
+        shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<
+                PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>, SizePolicy<4096>>> ==
+        true);
+static_assert(
+        shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<
+                PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>, SizePolicy<4096>>> ==
+        true);
+static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<
+                      FallbackAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>,
+                                        SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>> == true);
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, roundup) {
+    using namespace shared_allocator_impl;
+    EXPECT_EQ(roundup(1023, 1024), 1024ul);
+    EXPECT_EQ(roundup(1024, 1024), 1024ul);
+    EXPECT_EQ(roundup(1025, 1024), 2048ul);
+    EXPECT_DEATH(roundup(1023, 1023), "");
+    EXPECT_DEATH(roundup(1023, 0), "");
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, mheapbase_allocator) {
+    MemoryHeapBaseAllocator allocator;
+    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{500});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory != nullptr);
+    const auto fd = dup(memory->getMemory()->getHeapID());
+    EXPECT_EQ(memory->size(), static_cast<unsigned>(4096));
+    EXPECT_EQ(memory->size(), memory->getMemory()->getSize());
+    validate_block(memory);
+    allocator.deallocate(memory);
+    // Ensures we have closed the fd
+    EXPECT_EQ(memory->unsecurePointer(), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(memory->getMemory()->getBase(), nullptr);
+    struct stat st;
+    const auto err = fstat(fd, &st);
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, 0);
+    // Ensure we reclaim pages (overly-zealous)
+    EXPECT_EQ(st.st_size, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, mheapbase_allocator_independence) {
+    static_assert(MemoryHeapBaseAllocator::alignment() == 4096);
+    MemoryHeapBaseAllocator allocator;
+    const auto first_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{500});
+    const auto second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{500});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(first_memory != nullptr && second_memory != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_NE(first_memory->getMemory()->getHeapID(), second_memory->getMemory()->getHeapID());
+    allocator.deallocate(first_memory);
+    validate_block(second_memory);
+    allocator.deallocate(second_memory);
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, snooping_allocator) {
+    static_assert(SnoopingAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment() ==
+                  ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+
+    SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator> allocator{"allocator"};
+    const auto first_memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{500}, "allocate_1"});
+    auto second_memory = first_memory;
+    {
+        const auto tmp = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{5000}, "allocate_2"});
+        // Test copying handle around
+        second_memory = tmp;
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(first_memory && second_memory);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.owns(first_memory) && allocator.owns(second_memory));
+    const auto first_allocations = allocator.getAllocations();
+    EXPECT_EQ(first_allocations.size(), 2ull);
+    for (const auto& [key, val] : allocator.getAllocations()) {
+        if (val.allocation_number == 0) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(val.name, "allocate_1");
+            EXPECT_TRUE(first_memory == key);
+        }
+        if (val.allocation_number == 1) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(val.name, "allocate_2");
+            EXPECT_TRUE(second_memory == key);
+        }
+    }
+    // TODO test dump and deallocate forwarding
+    // EXPECT_EQ(allocator.dump(), std::string{});
+    validate_block(second_memory);
+    allocator.deallocate(second_memory);
+    EXPECT_EQ(second_memory->unsecurePointer(), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(allocator.owns(second_memory));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.owns(first_memory));
+    const auto second_allocations = allocator.getAllocations();
+    EXPECT_EQ(second_allocations.size(), 1ul);
+    for (const auto& [key, val] : second_allocations) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(val.name, "allocate_1");
+        EXPECT_TRUE(first_memory == key);
+    }
+    // EXPECT_EQ(allocator.dump(), std::string{});
+    // TODO test deallocate_all O(1)
+}
+
+// TODO generic policy test
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, size_policy_allocator_enforcement) {
+    PolicyAllocator allocator{MemoryHeapBaseAllocator{},
+                              SizePolicy<4096 * 7, 4096 * 2, 4096 * 4>{}};
+    // Violate max size
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 5}) == nullptr);
+    // Violate min alloc size
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096}) == nullptr);
+    const auto first_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 4});
+    validate_block(first_memory);
+    // Violate pool size
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 4}) == nullptr);
+    const auto second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 3});
+    validate_block(second_memory);
+    allocator.deallocate(second_memory);
+    // Check pool size update after deallocation
+    const auto new_second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 2});
+    validate_block(new_second_memory);
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, indirect_allocator) {
+    static_assert(IndirectAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment() ==
+                  ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+    const auto allocator_handle = std::make_shared<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>();
+    IndirectAllocator allocator{allocator_handle};
+    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{4096}, "allocation"});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator_handle->owns(memory));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator_handle->getAllocations().size() == 1);
+    allocator.deallocate(memory);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(allocator_handle->owns(memory));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator_handle->getAllocations().size() == 0);
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, policy_allocator_forwarding) {
+    // Test appropriate forwarding of allocator, deallocate
+    const auto primary_allocator =
+            std::make_shared<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>("allocator");
+    PolicyAllocator allocator{IndirectAllocator(primary_allocator), SizePolicy<4096>{}};
+    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{4096}, "allocation"});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory));
+    const auto& allocations = primary_allocator->getAllocations();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 1);
+    allocator.deallocate(memory);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 0);
+    const auto memory2 = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{4096}, "allocation_2"});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory2));
+    allocator.deallocate(memory2);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(primary_allocator->owns(memory2));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 0);
+    // Test appropriate forwarding of own, dump, alignment, deallocate_all
+    PolicyAllocator allocator2{ValidateForwarding<0>{}, SizePolicy<4096>{}};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator2.owns(ValidateForwarding<0>::owned));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(allocator2.owns(ValidateForwarding<0>::not_owned));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator2.dump().find(ValidateForwarding<0>::dump_string) != std::string::npos);
+    static_assert(decltype(allocator2)::alignment() == ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+    size_t prev = ValidateForwarding<0>::deallocate_all_count;
+    allocator2.deallocate_all();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ValidateForwarding<0>::deallocate_all_count, prev + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, snooping_allocator_nullptr) {
+    SnoopingAllocator allocator{PolicyAllocator{MemoryHeapBaseAllocator{}, SizePolicy<4096 * 2>{}}};
+    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_1"});
+    validate_block(memory);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{5000}, "allocation_2"}) == nullptr);
+    const auto& allocations = allocator.getAllocations();
+    EXPECT_EQ(allocations.size(), 1ul);
+    for (const auto& [key, val] : allocations) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(val.name, "allocation_1");
+        EXPECT_EQ(val.allocation_number, 0ul);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(key == memory);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, fallback_allocator) {
+    // Construct Fallback Allocator
+    const auto primary_allocator = std::make_shared<
+            SnoopingAllocator<PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<4096>>>>(
+            PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<4096>>{}, "primary_allocator");
+    const auto secondary_allocator =
+            std::make_shared<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>("secondary_allocator");
+
+    FallbackAllocator fallback_allocator{SnoopingAllocator{IndirectAllocator{primary_allocator}},
+                                         SnoopingAllocator{IndirectAllocator{secondary_allocator}}};
+    static_assert(decltype(fallback_allocator)::alignment() == 4096);
+    // Basic Allocation Test
+    const auto memory = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_1"});
+    validate_block(memory);
+    // Correct allocator selected
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(secondary_allocator->owns(memory));
+    // Test fallback allocation
+    const auto memory2 = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_2"});
+    validate_block(memory2);
+    // Correct allocator selected
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory2));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(primary_allocator->owns(memory2));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->owns(memory2));
+    // Allocations ended up in the correct allocators
+    const auto& primary_allocations = primary_allocator->getAllocations();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocations.size() == 1ul);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(primary_allocations.find(memory) != primary_allocations.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(primary_allocations.find(memory)->second.name, std::string{"allocation_1"});
+    const auto& secondary_allocations = secondary_allocator->getAllocations();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocations.size() == 1ul);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(secondary_allocations.find(memory2) != secondary_allocations.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(secondary_allocations.find(memory2)->second.name, std::string{"allocation_2"});
+    // Test deallocate appropriate forwarding
+    fallback_allocator.deallocate(memory);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 0ul);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 1ul);
+    // Appropriate fallback after deallocation
+    const auto memory3 = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_3"});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory3));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory3));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(secondary_allocator->owns(memory3));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 1ul);
+    // Test deallocate appropriate forwarding
+    EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 1ul);
+    fallback_allocator.deallocate(memory2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 0ul);
+    const auto memory4 = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_4"});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory4));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(primary_allocator->owns(memory4));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->owns(memory4));
+    // Allocations ended up in the correct allocators
+    EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 1ul);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 1ul);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(primary_allocations.find(memory3) != primary_allocations.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(primary_allocations.find(memory3)->second.name, std::string{"allocation_3"});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(secondary_allocations.find(memory4) != secondary_allocations.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(secondary_allocations.find(memory4)->second.name, std::string{"allocation_4"});
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, fallback_allocator_forwarding) {
+    // Test forwarding
+    using Alloc1 = ValidateForwarding<0, false>;
+    using Alloc2 = ValidateForwarding<1, false>;
+    FallbackAllocator forward_test{Alloc1{}, Alloc2{}};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_test.dump().find(Alloc1::dump_string) != std::string::npos);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_test.dump().find(Alloc2::dump_string) != std::string::npos);
+    // Test owned forwarding
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_test.owns(Alloc1::owned));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_test.owns(Alloc2::owned));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(forward_test.owns(Alloc1::not_owned));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(forward_test.owns(Alloc2::not_owned));
+    // Test alignment forwarding
+    static_assert(FallbackAllocator<Alloc1, Alloc2>::alignment() == Alloc1::alignment());
+    // Test deallocate_all forwarding
+    size_t prev1 = Alloc1::deallocate_all_count;
+    size_t prev2 = Alloc2::deallocate_all_count;
+    forward_test.deallocate_all();
+    EXPECT_EQ(prev1 + 1, Alloc1::deallocate_all_count);
+    EXPECT_EQ(prev2 + 1, Alloc2::deallocate_all_count);
+}
+
+TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, scoped_allocator) {
+    const auto underlying_allocator =
+            std::make_shared<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>("Allocator");
+    ScopedAllocator allocator{underlying_allocator};
+    const auto& allocations = underlying_allocator->getAllocations();
+    {
+        decltype(allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{})) copy;
+        {
+            EXPECT_EQ(allocations.size(), 0ul);
+            const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_1"});
+            copy = memory;
+            EXPECT_EQ(allocations.size(), 1ul);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.owns(copy));
+            EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.owns(memory));
+        }
+        EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.owns(copy));
+        EXPECT_EQ(allocations.size(), 1ul);
+        for (const auto& [key, value] : allocations) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(value.name, std::string{"allocation_1"});
+        }
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(allocations.size(), 0ul);
+    // Test forwarding
+    static_assert(ScopedAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment() ==
+                  ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+    ScopedAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>> forwarding{};
+    EXPECT_EQ(forwarding.dump(), ValidateForwarding<0>::dump_string);
+}
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/static_string_view_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/static_string_view_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c00de68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/utils/tests/static_string_view_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "StaticStringViewTests"
+
+#include <mediautils/StaticStringView.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+using namespace android::mediautils;
+
+template <auto& T, class = void>
+struct CanCreate : std::false_type {};
+
+template <auto& T>
+struct CanCreate<T, typename std::void_t<decltype(StaticStringView::create<T>)>> : std::true_type {
+};
+
+static constexpr std::array<char, 2> global = {'a', 'b'};
+
+TEST(StaticStringViewTests, CreateTicket) {
+    // This will always fail due to template param binding rules
+    // const std::array<char,2> nonstatic = {'a', 'b'};
+    // static_assert(can_assign<nonstatic>::value == false);
+    static std::array<char, 2> nonconst = {'a', 'b'};
+    static const std::array<char, 2> nonconstexpr = {'a', 'b'};
+    static constexpr std::array<int, 2> nonchar = {1, 2};
+    static constexpr size_t nonarray = 2;
+
+    static_assert(CanCreate<nonconst>::value == false);
+    static_assert(CanCreate<nonarray>::value == false);
+    static_assert(CanCreate<nonchar>::value == false);
+    static_assert(CanCreate<nonconstexpr>::value == false);
+
+    static constexpr std::array<char, 2> scoped = {'a', 'b'};
+    constexpr StaticStringView Ticket1 = StaticStringView::create<global>();
+    constexpr StaticStringView Ticket2 = StaticStringView::create<scoped>();
+    const StaticStringView Ticket3 = StaticStringView::create<scoped>();
+    EXPECT_EQ(Ticket3, Ticket2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Ticket1.getStringView(), Ticket2.getStringView());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string_view{"ab"}, Ticket1.getStringView());
+}
+TEST(StaticStringViewTests, CompileTimeConvert) {
+    static constexpr std::array<char, 4> converted = StaticStringView::toStdArray("test");
+    constexpr StaticStringView ticket = StaticStringView::create<converted>();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ticket, std::string_view{"test"});
+    // Unchecked constexpr construction
+    static const std::array<char, 5> converted2 = StaticStringView::toStdArray("test2");
+    constexpr auto ticket2 = StaticStringView::create<converted2, false>();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ticket2, std::string_view{"test2"});
+    constexpr char stack_array[4] = {'a', 'b', 'c', '\0'};
+    static constexpr auto converted3 = StaticStringView::toStdArray(stack_array);
+    constexpr auto ticket3 = StaticStringView::create<converted3>();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ticket3, std::string_view{"abc"});
+}
+
+TEST(StaticStringViewTests, CompileTimeConcat) {
+    // temporaries should not be static to prevent odr use
+    constexpr std::array<char, 3> arr1 = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
+    constexpr std::array<char, 4> arr2 = {'d', 'e', 'f', 'g'};
+    static constexpr std::array<char, 7> res = StaticStringView::concatArray(arr1, arr2);
+    static constexpr std::array<char, 7> expected = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'};
+    EXPECT_EQ(res, expected);
+}
+
+TEST(StaticStringViewTests, StringViewForwarding) {
+    static constexpr auto converted = StaticStringView::toStdArray("test");
+    constexpr auto ticket = StaticStringView::create<converted>();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ticket.length(), ticket.getStringView().length());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ticket == ticket.getStringView());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ticket == ticket);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ticket.getStringView() == ticket);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ticket > "abc");
+    EXPECT_TRUE("abc" < ticket);
+}
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/timecheck_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/timecheck_tests.cpp
index 8236174..bd91efa 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/timecheck_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/timecheck_tests.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 namespace {
-
 TEST(timecheck_tests, success) {
     bool timeoutRegistered = false;
     float elapsedMsRegistered = 0.f;
@@ -69,4 +68,33 @@
 // Note: We do not test TimeCheck crash because TimeCheck is multithreaded and the
 // EXPECT_EXIT() signal catching is imperfect due to the gtest fork.
 
+// Note, the following test is to manually verify the correct thread is aborted.
+// Due to difficulties with gtest and EXPECT_EXIT, this is difficult to verify
+// automatically. TODO(b/246446561) Attempt to use EXPECT_EXIT
+
+#if 0
+void threadFunction() {
+    bool timeoutRegistered = false;
+    float elapsedMsRegistered = 0.f;
+    std::atomic_bool event = false;  // seq-cst implies acquire-release
+    {
+        TimeCheck timeCheck("timeout",
+                [&event, &timeoutRegistered, &elapsedMsRegistered]
+                        (bool timeout, float elapsedMs) {
+            timeoutRegistered = timeout;
+            elapsedMsRegistered = elapsedMs;
+            event = true; // store-release, must be last.
+        }, 1ms /* timeoutDuration */, {} /* secondChanceDuration */, true /* crash */);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+        ADD_FAILURE();
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(timecheck_tests, death) {
+  std::thread mthread{threadFunction};
+  mthread.join();
+}
+#endif
+
 } // namespace
+
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AllocatorFactory.h b/services/audioflinger/AllocatorFactory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7534607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AllocatorFactory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include <mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h>
+
+#pragma once
+
+// TODO how do we appropriately restrict visibility of this header?
+// It should only be included in AudioFlinger.h
+// We will make everything internal linkage for now.
+namespace android {
+namespace AllocatorFactory {
+namespace {
+// TODO make sure these are appropriate
+constexpr inline size_t MAX_MEMORY_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 100;                  // 100 MiB
+constexpr inline size_t DED_SIZE = (MAX_MEMORY_SIZE * 4) / 10;                // 40 MiB
+constexpr inline size_t SHARED_SIZE = MAX_MEMORY_SIZE - DED_SIZE;             // 60 MiB
+constexpr inline size_t SHARED_SIZE_LARGE = (SHARED_SIZE * 4) / 6;            // 40 MiB
+constexpr inline size_t SHARED_SIZE_SMALL = SHARED_SIZE - SHARED_SIZE_LARGE;  // 20 MiB
+constexpr inline size_t SMALL_THRESHOLD = 1024 * 40;                          // 40 KiB
+
+inline auto getDedicated() {
+    using namespace mediautils;
+    static const auto allocator =
+            std::make_shared<PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<DED_SIZE>>>();
+    return allocator;
+}
+
+inline auto getSharedLarge() {
+    using namespace mediautils;
+    static const auto allocator = std::make_shared<
+            PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<SHARED_SIZE_LARGE>>>();
+    return allocator;
+}
+
+inline auto getSharedSmall() {
+    using namespace mediautils;
+    static const auto allocator =
+            std::make_shared<PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator,
+                                             SizePolicy<SHARED_SIZE_SMALL, 0, SMALL_THRESHOLD>>>();
+    return allocator;
+}
+
+template <typename Policy, typename Allocator>
+inline auto wrapWithPolicySnooping(Allocator allocator, std::string_view name) {
+    using namespace mediautils;
+    return SnoopingAllocator{PolicyAllocator{IndirectAllocator{allocator}, Policy{}}, name};
+}
+
+// A reasonable upper bound on how many clients we expect, and how many pieces to slice
+// the dedicate pool.
+constexpr inline size_t CLIENT_BOUND = 32;
+// Maximum amount of shared pools a single client can take (50%).
+constexpr inline size_t ADV_THRESHOLD_INV = 2;
+
+inline auto getClientAllocator() {
+    using namespace mediautils;
+    const auto makeDedPool = []() {
+        return wrapWithPolicySnooping<SizePolicy<DED_SIZE / CLIENT_BOUND>>(getDedicated(),
+                                                                           "Dedicated Pool");
+    };
+    const auto makeLargeShared = []() {
+        return wrapWithPolicySnooping<SizePolicy<SHARED_SIZE_LARGE / ADV_THRESHOLD_INV>>(
+                getSharedLarge(), "Large Shared");
+    };
+    const auto makeSmallShared = []() {
+        return wrapWithPolicySnooping<
+                SizePolicy<SHARED_SIZE_SMALL / ADV_THRESHOLD_INV>>(
+                getSharedSmall(), "Small Shared");
+    };
+
+    return ScopedAllocator{std::make_shared<
+            FallbackAllocator<decltype(makeDedPool()),
+                              decltype(FallbackAllocator(makeLargeShared(), makeSmallShared()))>>(
+            makeDedPool(), FallbackAllocator{makeLargeShared(), makeSmallShared()})};
+}
+
+using ClientAllocator = decltype(getClientAllocator());
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace AllocatorFactory
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Android.bp b/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
index 6d4c3a3..87c67bd 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
         "liblog",
         "libbinder",
         "libaudioclient",
+        "libaudiomanager",
         "libmedialogservice",
         "libmediametrics",
         "libmediautils",
@@ -81,7 +82,6 @@
         "libnblog",
         "libpermission",
         "libpowermanager",
-        "libmediautils",
         "libmemunreachable",
         "libmedia_helper",
         "libshmemcompat",
@@ -117,3 +117,8 @@
     },
 
 }
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libaudioflinger_headers",
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
index a102af3..3e9400b 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include <system/audio.h>
-#include <audiomanager/AudioManager.h>
+#include <audiomanager/IAudioManager.h>
 
 #include "AudioFlinger.h"
 #include "NBAIO_Tee.h"
@@ -114,11 +114,12 @@
 using media::audio::common::AudioMMapPolicyType;
 using android::content::AttributionSourceState;
 
-static const char kDeadlockedString[] = "AudioFlinger may be deadlocked\n";
-static const char kHardwareLockedString[] = "Hardware lock is taken\n";
-static const char kClientLockedString[] = "Client lock is taken\n";
-static const char kNoEffectsFactory[] = "Effects Factory is absent\n";
+static constexpr char kDeadlockedString[] = "AudioFlinger may be deadlocked\n";
+static constexpr char kHardwareLockedString[] = "Hardware lock is taken\n";
+static constexpr char kClientLockedString[] = "Client lock is taken\n";
+static constexpr char kNoEffectsFactory[] = "Effects Factory is absent\n";
 
+static constexpr char kAudioServiceName[] = "audio";
 
 nsecs_t AudioFlinger::mStandbyTimeInNsecs = kDefaultStandbyTimeInNsecs;
 
@@ -596,6 +597,11 @@
                                             (audio_output_flags_t)(AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ |
                                                     AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT),
                                             deviceId, &portId, &secondaryOutputs, &isSpatialized);
+        if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
+            config->sample_rate = fullConfig.sample_rate;
+            config->channel_mask = fullConfig.channel_mask;
+            config->format = fullConfig.format;
+        }
         ALOGW_IF(!secondaryOutputs.empty(),
                  "%s does not support secondary outputs, ignoring them", __func__);
     } else {
@@ -657,6 +663,7 @@
 void AudioFlinger::onExternalVibrationStop(const sp<os::ExternalVibration>& externalVibration) {
     sp<os::IExternalVibratorService> evs = getExternalVibratorService();
     if (evs != 0) {
+        ALOGD("%s, stopping external vibration", __func__);
         evs->onExternalVibrationStop(*externalVibration);
     }
 }
@@ -729,10 +736,10 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mClients.size(); ++i) {
         sp<Client> client = mClients.valueAt(i).promote();
         if (client != 0) {
-            result.appendFormat("%6d %12zu\n", client->pid(),
-                    client->heap()->getMemoryHeap()->getSize());
+          result.append("Client: %d\n", client->pid());
+          result.append(client->allocator().dump().c_str());
         }
-    }
+   }
 
     result.append("Notification Clients:\n");
     result.append("   pid    uid  name\n");
@@ -768,6 +775,11 @@
                             (uint32_t)(mStandbyTimeInNsecs / 1000000));
     result.append(buffer);
     write(fd, result.string(), result.size());
+
+    dprintf(fd, "Vibrator infos(size=%zu):\n", mAudioVibratorInfos.size());
+    for (const auto& vibratorInfo : mAudioVibratorInfos) {
+        dprintf(fd, "  - %s\n", vibratorInfo.toString().c_str());
+    }
 }
 
 void AudioFlinger::dumpPermissionDenial(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args __unused)
@@ -2174,12 +2186,8 @@
 AudioFlinger::Client::Client(const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger, pid_t pid)
     :   RefBase(),
         mAudioFlinger(audioFlinger),
-        mPid(pid)
-{
-    mMemoryDealer = new MemoryDealer(
-            audioFlinger->getClientSharedHeapSize(),
-            (std::string("AudioFlinger::Client(") + std::to_string(pid) + ")").c_str());
-}
+        mPid(pid),
+        mClientAllocator(AllocatorFactory::getClientAllocator()) {}
 
 // Client destructor must be called with AudioFlinger::mClientLock held
 AudioFlinger::Client::~Client()
@@ -2187,9 +2195,9 @@
     mAudioFlinger->removeClient_l(mPid);
 }
 
-sp<MemoryDealer> AudioFlinger::Client::heap() const
+AllocatorFactory::ClientAllocator& AudioFlinger::Client::allocator()
 {
-    return mMemoryDealer;
+    return mClientAllocator;
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2716,9 +2724,28 @@
         ThreadBase *thread = (ThreadBase *)mMmapThreads.valueAt(i).get();
         thread->systemReady();
     }
+
+    // Java services are ready, so we can create a reference to AudioService
+    getOrCreateAudioManager();
+
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+sp<IAudioManager> AudioFlinger::getOrCreateAudioManager()
+{
+    if (mAudioManager.load() == nullptr) {
+        // use checkService() to avoid blocking
+        sp<IBinder> binder =
+            defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16(kAudioServiceName));
+        if (binder != nullptr) {
+            mAudioManager = interface_cast<IAudioManager>(binder);
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s(): binding to audio service failed.", __func__);
+        }
+    }
+    return mAudioManager.load();
+}
+
 status_t AudioFlinger::getMicrophones(std::vector<media::MicrophoneInfo> *microphones)
 {
     AutoMutex lock(mHardwareLock);
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
index fc4c807..7c5afce 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 #include <media/ExtendedAudioBufferProvider.h>
 #include <media/VolumeShaper.h>
 #include <mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h>
+#include <mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h>
 #include <mediautils/Synchronization.h>
 #include <mediautils/ThreadSnapshot.h>
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
 #include "NBAIO_Tee.h"
 #include "ThreadMetrics.h"
 #include "TrackMetrics.h"
-
+#include "AllocatorFactory.h"
 #include <android/os/IPowerManager.h>
 
 #include <media/nblog/NBLog.h>
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@
 class DevicesFactoryHalInterface;
 class EffectsFactoryHalInterface;
 class FastMixer;
+class IAudioManager;
 class PassthruBufferProvider;
 class RecordBufferConverter;
 class ServerProxy;
@@ -498,19 +500,19 @@
 
     // --- Client ---
     class Client : public RefBase {
-    public:
-                            Client(const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger, pid_t pid);
+      public:
+        Client(const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger, pid_t pid);
         virtual             ~Client();
-        sp<MemoryDealer>    heap() const;
+        AllocatorFactory::ClientAllocator& allocator();
         pid_t               pid() const { return mPid; }
         sp<AudioFlinger>    audioFlinger() const { return mAudioFlinger; }
 
     private:
         DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Client);
 
-        const sp<AudioFlinger> mAudioFlinger;
-              sp<MemoryDealer> mMemoryDealer;
+        const sp<AudioFlinger>    mAudioFlinger;
         const pid_t         mPid;
+        AllocatorFactory::ClientAllocator mClientAllocator;
     };
 
     // --- Notification Client ---
@@ -988,6 +990,8 @@
                                       size_t rejectedKVPSize, const String8& rejectedKVPs,
                                       uid_t callingUid);
 
+    sp<IAudioManager> getOrCreateAudioManager();
+
 public:
     // These methods read variables atomically without mLock,
     // though the variables are updated with mLock.
@@ -1029,6 +1033,9 @@
              std::vector<media::audio::common::AudioMMapPolicyInfo>> mPolicyInfos;
     int32_t mAAudioBurstsPerBuffer = 0;
     int32_t mAAudioHwBurstMinMicros = 0;
+
+    /** Interface for interacting with the AudioService. */
+    mediautils::atomic_sp<IAudioManager>       mAudioManager;
 };
 
 #undef INCLUDING_FROM_AUDIOFLINGER_H
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
index a80d729..7b4ae24 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@
         if (!doRegister && !(registered && doEnable)) {
             return NO_ERROR;
         }
-        mPolicyLock.lock();
     }
+    mPolicyLock.lock();
     ALOGV("%s name %s id %d session %d doRegister %d registered %d doEnable %d enabled %d",
         __func__, mDescriptor.name, mId, mSessionId, doRegister, registered, doEnable, enabled);
     if (doRegister) {
@@ -1058,6 +1058,13 @@
                     &size,
                     &cmdStatus);
         }
+
+        if (isVolumeControl()) {
+            // Force initializing the volume as 0 for volume control effect for safer ramping
+            uint32_t left = 0;
+            uint32_t right = 0;
+            setVolumeInternal(&left, &right, true /*controller*/);
+        }
     }
 
     // mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount cannot be zero.
@@ -1431,23 +1438,24 @@
             ((mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_CTRL ||
              (mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_IND ||
              (mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_MONITOR)) {
-        uint32_t volume[2];
-        uint32_t *pVolume = NULL;
-        uint32_t size = sizeof(volume);
-        volume[0] = *left;
-        volume[1] = *right;
-        if (controller) {
-            pVolume = volume;
-        }
-        status = mEffectInterface->command(EFFECT_CMD_SET_VOLUME,
-                                           size,
-                                           volume,
-                                           &size,
-                                           pVolume);
-        if (controller && status == NO_ERROR && size == sizeof(volume)) {
-            *left = volume[0];
-            *right = volume[1];
-        }
+        status = setVolumeInternal(left, right, controller);
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+status_t AudioFlinger::EffectModule::setVolumeInternal(
+        uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool controller) {
+    uint32_t volume[2] = {*left, *right};
+    uint32_t *pVolume = controller ? volume : nullptr;
+    uint32_t size = sizeof(volume);
+    status_t status = mEffectInterface->command(EFFECT_CMD_SET_VOLUME,
+                                                size,
+                                                volume,
+                                                &size,
+                                                pVolume);
+    if (controller && status == NO_ERROR && size == sizeof(volume)) {
+        *left = volume[0];
+        *right = volume[1];
     }
     return status;
 }
@@ -1753,7 +1761,14 @@
         return;
     }
     int bufOffset = ((sizeof(effect_param_cblk_t) - 1) / sizeof(int) + 1) * sizeof(int);
-    mCblkMemory = client->heap()->allocate(EFFECT_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE + bufOffset);
+    mCblkMemory = client->allocator().allocate(mediautils::NamedAllocRequest{
+            {static_cast<size_t>(EFFECT_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE + bufOffset)},
+            std::string("Effect ID: ")
+                    .append(std::to_string(effect->id()))
+                    .append(" Session ID: ")
+                    .append(std::to_string(static_cast<int>(effect->sessionId())))
+                    .append(" \n")
+            });
     if (mCblkMemory == 0 ||
             (mCblk = static_cast<effect_param_cblk_t *>(mCblkMemory->unsecurePointer())) == NULL) {
         ALOGE("not enough memory for Effect size=%zu", EFFECT_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE +
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Effects.h b/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
index a89a814..78788df 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
@@ -306,6 +306,8 @@
                 ? EFFECT_BUFFER_ACCESS_WRITE : EFFECT_BUFFER_ACCESS_ACCUMULATE;
     }
 
+    status_t setVolumeInternal(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool controller);
+
 
     effect_config_t     mConfig;    // input and output audio configuration
     sp<EffectHalInterface> mEffectInterface; // Effect module HAL
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/MmapTracks.h b/services/audioflinger/MmapTracks.h
index eb640bb..cb46c52 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/MmapTracks.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/MmapTracks.h
@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@
             bool        getAndSetSilencedNotified_l() { bool silencedNotified = mSilencedNotified;
                                                         mSilencedNotified = true;
                                                         return silencedNotified; }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the mute state and notifies the audio service. Call this only when holding player
+     * thread lock.
+     */
+    void processMuteEvent_l(const sp<IAudioManager>& audioManager,
+                            mute_state_t muteState)
+                            REQUIRES(AudioFlinger::MmapPlaybackThread::mLock);
 private:
     friend class MmapThread;
 
@@ -71,5 +79,12 @@
     pid_t mPid;
     bool  mSilenced;            // protected by MMapThread::mLock
     bool  mSilencedNotified;    // protected by MMapThread::mLock
+
+    // TODO: replace PersistableBundle with own struct
+    // access these two variables only when holding player thread lock.
+    std::unique_ptr<os::PersistableBundle> mMuteEventExtras
+            GUARDED_BY(AudioFlinger::MmapPlaybackThread::mLock);
+    mute_state_t mMuteState
+            GUARDED_BY(AudioFlinger::MmapPlaybackThread::mLock);
 };  // end of Track
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h b/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h
index 6a138bb..e52d1ee 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h
@@ -204,6 +204,12 @@
     float getSpeed() const { return mSpeed; }
     bool isSpatialized() const override { return mIsSpatialized; }
 
+    /**
+     * Updates the mute state and notifies the audio service. Call this only when holding player
+     * thread lock.
+     */
+    void processMuteEvent_l(const sp<IAudioManager>& audioManager, mute_state_t muteState);
+
 protected:
     // for numerous
     friend class PlaybackThread;
@@ -354,6 +360,11 @@
     TeePatches  mTeePatches;
     const float         mSpeed;
     const bool          mIsSpatialized;
+
+    // TODO: replace PersistableBundle with own struct
+    // access these two variables only when holding player thread lock.
+    std::unique_ptr<os::PersistableBundle> mMuteEventExtras;
+    mute_state_t        mMuteState;
 };  // end of Track
 
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/TEST_MAPPING b/services/audioflinger/TEST_MAPPING
index 3de5a9f..9aff137 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/services/audioflinger/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 {
-  "presubmit": [
+  "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
       "options" : [
         {
-          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic.*"
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__OUTPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__OUTPUT"
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
index 3d44aec..71c24f3 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <cutils/bitops.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <binder/PersistableBundle.h>
 #include <media/AudioContainers.h>
 #include <media/AudioDeviceTypeAddr.h>
 #include <media/AudioParameter.h>
@@ -4636,6 +4637,9 @@
     if (configChanged) {
         sendIoConfigEvent_l(AUDIO_OUTPUT_CONFIG_CHANGED);
     }
+    // Force meteadata update after a route change
+    mActiveTracks.setHasChanged();
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -4666,6 +4670,9 @@
     } else {
         status = mOutput->stream->legacyReleaseAudioPatch();
     }
+    // Force meteadata update after a route change
+    mActiveTracks.setHasChanged();
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -5378,8 +5385,19 @@
                 volume *= vh;
                 track->mCachedVolume = volume;
                 gain_minifloat_packed_t vlr = proxy->getVolumeLR();
-                float vlf = volume * float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_left(vlr));
-                float vrf = volume * float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_right(vlr));
+                float vlf = float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_left(vlr));
+                float vrf = float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_right(vlr));
+
+                track->processMuteEvent_l(mAudioFlinger->getOrCreateAudioManager(),
+                    /*muteState=*/{masterVolume == 0.f,
+                                   mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume == 0.f,
+                                   mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute,
+                                   track->isPlaybackRestricted(),
+                                   vlf == 0.f && vrf == 0.f,
+                                   vh == 0.f});
+
+                vlf *= volume;
+                vrf *= volume;
 
                 track->setFinalVolume((vlf + vrf) / 2.f);
                 ++fastTracks;
@@ -5552,6 +5570,15 @@
                     ALOGV("Track right volume out of range: %.3g", vrf);
                     vrf = GAIN_FLOAT_UNITY;
                 }
+
+                track->processMuteEvent_l(mAudioFlinger->getOrCreateAudioManager(),
+                    /*muteState=*/{masterVolume == 0.f,
+                                   mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume == 0.f,
+                                   mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute,
+                                   track->isPlaybackRestricted(),
+                                   vlf == 0.f && vrf == 0.f,
+                                   vh == 0.f});
+
                 // now apply the master volume and stream type volume and shaper volume
                 vlf *= v * vh;
                 vrf *= v * vh;
@@ -6138,31 +6165,44 @@
 {
     float left, right;
 
+
     // Ensure volumeshaper state always advances even when muted.
     const sp<AudioTrackServerProxy> proxy = track->mAudioTrackServerProxy;
     const auto [shaperVolume, shaperActive] = track->getVolumeHandler()->getVolume(
             proxy->framesReleased());
     mVolumeShaperActive = shaperActive;
 
+    gain_minifloat_packed_t vlr = proxy->getVolumeLR();
+    left = float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_left(vlr));
+    right = float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_right(vlr));
+
+    const bool clientVolumeMute = (left == 0.f && right == 0.f);
+
     if (mMasterMute || mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute || track->isPlaybackRestricted()) {
         left = right = 0;
     } else {
         float typeVolume = mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume;
         const float v = mMasterVolume * typeVolume * shaperVolume;
 
-        gain_minifloat_packed_t vlr = proxy->getVolumeLR();
-        left = float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_left(vlr));
         if (left > GAIN_FLOAT_UNITY) {
             left = GAIN_FLOAT_UNITY;
         }
-        left *= v * mMasterBalanceLeft; // DirectOutputThread balance applied as track volume
-        right = float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_right(vlr));
         if (right > GAIN_FLOAT_UNITY) {
             right = GAIN_FLOAT_UNITY;
         }
+
+        left *= v * mMasterBalanceLeft; // DirectOutputThread balance applied as track volume
         right *= v * mMasterBalanceRight;
     }
 
+    track->processMuteEvent_l(mAudioFlinger->getOrCreateAudioManager(),
+        /*muteState=*/{mMasterMute,
+                       mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume == 0.f,
+                       mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute,
+                       track->isPlaybackRestricted(),
+                       clientVolumeMute,
+                       shaperVolume == 0.f});
+
     if (lastTrack) {
         track->setFinalVolume((left + right) / 2.f);
         if (left != mLeftVolFloat || right != mRightVolFloat) {
@@ -9294,6 +9334,9 @@
         track->logEndInterval();
         track->logBeginInterval(pathSourcesAsString);
     }
+    // Force meteadata update after a route change
+    mActiveTracks.setHasChanged();
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -9310,6 +9353,9 @@
     } else {
         status = mInput->stream->legacyReleaseAudioPatch();
     }
+    // Force meteadata update after a route change
+    mActiveTracks.setHasChanged();
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -9606,8 +9652,10 @@
     return mHalStream->getMmapPosition(position);
 }
 
-status_t AudioFlinger::MmapThread::exitStandby()
+status_t AudioFlinger::MmapThread::exitStandby_l()
 {
+    // The HAL must receive track metadata before starting the stream
+    updateMetadata_l();
     status_t ret = mHalStream->start();
     if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
         ALOGE("%s: error mHalStream->start() = %d for first track", __FUNCTION__, ret);
@@ -9633,13 +9681,10 @@
 
     status_t ret;
 
+    // For the first track, reuse portId and session allocated when the stream was opened.
     if (*handle == mPortId) {
-        // For the first track, reuse portId and session allocated when the stream was opened.
-        ret = exitStandby();
-        if (ret == NO_ERROR) {
-            acquireWakeLock();
-        }
-        return ret;
+        acquireWakeLock();
+        return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
     audio_port_handle_t portId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
@@ -9741,7 +9786,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-
     mActiveTracks.add(track);
     sp<EffectChain> chain = getEffectChain_l(mSessionId);
     if (chain != 0) {
@@ -9752,11 +9796,16 @@
 
     track->logBeginInterval(patchSinksToString(&mPatch)); // log to MediaMetrics
     *handle = portId;
+
+    if (mActiveTracks.size() == 1) {
+        ret = exitStandby_l();
+    }
+
     broadcast_l();
 
-    ALOGV("%s DONE handle %d stream %p", __FUNCTION__, *handle, mHalStream.get());
+    ALOGV("%s DONE status %d handle %d stream %p", __FUNCTION__, ret, *handle, mHalStream.get());
 
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return ret;
 }
 
 status_t AudioFlinger::MmapThread::stop(audio_port_handle_t handle)
@@ -9768,7 +9817,6 @@
     }
 
     if (handle == mPortId) {
-        mHalStream->stop();
         releaseWakeLock();
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
@@ -9805,6 +9853,10 @@
         chain->decTrackCnt();
     }
 
+    if (mActiveTracks.isEmpty()) {
+        mHalStream->stop();
+    }
+
     broadcast_l();
 
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -10075,6 +10127,9 @@
         mPatch = *patch;
         mDeviceId = deviceId;
     }
+    // Force meteadata update after a route change
+    mActiveTracks.setHasChanged();
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -10094,6 +10149,9 @@
     } else {
         status = mHalStream->legacyReleaseAudioPatch();
     }
+    // Force meteadata update after a route change
+    mActiveTracks.setHasChanged();
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -10393,20 +10451,10 @@
         } else {
             sp<MmapStreamCallback> callback = mCallback.promote();
             if (callback != 0) {
-                int channelCount;
-                if (isOutput()) {
-                    channelCount = audio_channel_count_from_out_mask(mChannelMask);
-                } else {
-                    channelCount = audio_channel_count_from_in_mask(mChannelMask);
-                }
-                Vector<float> values;
-                for (int i = 0; i < channelCount; i++) {
-                    values.add(volume);
-                }
                 mHalVolFloat = volume; // SW volume control worked, so update value.
                 mNoCallbackWarningCount = 0;
                 mLock.unlock();
-                callback->onVolumeChanged(mChannelMask, values);
+                callback->onVolumeChanged(volume);
                 mLock.lock();
             } else {
                 if (mNoCallbackWarningCount < kMaxNoCallbackWarnings) {
@@ -10417,6 +10465,14 @@
         }
         for (const sp<MmapTrack> &track : mActiveTracks) {
             track->setMetadataHasChanged();
+            track->processMuteEvent_l(mAudioFlinger->getOrCreateAudioManager(),
+                /*muteState=*/{mMasterMute,
+                               mStreamVolume == 0.f,
+                               mStreamMute,
+                               // TODO(b/241533526): adjust logic to include mute from AppOps
+                               false /*muteFromPlaybackRestricted*/,
+                               false /*muteFromClientVolume*/,
+                               false /*muteFromVolumeShaper*/});
         }
     }
 }
@@ -10501,16 +10557,15 @@
     mChannelCount = audio_channel_count_from_in_mask(mChannelMask);
 }
 
-status_t AudioFlinger::MmapCaptureThread::exitStandby()
+status_t AudioFlinger::MmapCaptureThread::exitStandby_l()
 {
     {
         // mInput might have been cleared by clearInput()
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
         if (mInput != nullptr && mInput->stream != nullptr) {
             mInput->stream->setGain(1.0f);
         }
     }
-    return MmapThread::exitStandby();
+    return MmapThread::exitStandby_l();
 }
 
 AudioFlinger::AudioStreamIn* AudioFlinger::MmapCaptureThread::clearInput()
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
index ad5617d..b477d65 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
     virtual     void        dumpTracks_l(int fd __unused, const Vector<String16>& args __unused) { }
 
 
-    friend class AudioFlinger;      // for mEffectChains
+    friend class AudioFlinger;      // for mEffectChains and mAudioManager
 
                 const type_t            mType;
 
@@ -797,6 +797,11 @@
                      */
                     bool            readAndClearHasChanged();
 
+                    /** Force updating track metadata to audio HAL stream next time
+                     * readAndClearHasChanged() is called.
+                     */
+                    void            setHasChanged() { mHasChanged = true; }
+
                 private:
                     void            logTrack(const char *funcName, const sp<T> &track) const;
 
@@ -2088,7 +2093,7 @@
     virtual     void        threadLoop_exit();
     virtual     void        threadLoop_standby();
     virtual     bool        shouldStandby_l() { return false; }
-    virtual     status_t    exitStandby();
+    virtual     status_t    exitStandby_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
 
     virtual     status_t    initCheck() const { return (mHalStream == 0) ? NO_INIT : NO_ERROR; }
     virtual     size_t      frameCount() const { return mFrameCount; }
@@ -2239,7 +2244,7 @@
 
                 AudioStreamIn* clearInput();
 
-                status_t       exitStandby() override;
+                status_t       exitStandby_l() REQUIRES(mLock) override;
 
                 void           updateMetadata_l() override;
                 void           processVolume_l() override;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
index 95ca855..cfb296c 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
@@ -162,11 +162,12 @@
     }
 
     if (client != 0) {
-        mCblkMemory = client->heap()->allocate(size);
+        mCblkMemory = client->allocator().allocate(mediautils::NamedAllocRequest{{size},
+                std::string("Track ID: ").append(std::to_string(mId))});
         if (mCblkMemory == 0 ||
                 (mCblk = static_cast<audio_track_cblk_t *>(mCblkMemory->unsecurePointer())) == NULL) {
             ALOGE("%s(%d): not enough memory for AudioTrack size=%zu", __func__, mId, size);
-            client->heap()->dump("AudioTrack");
+            ALOGE("%s", client->allocator().dump().c_str());
             mCblkMemory.clear();
             return;
         }
@@ -1494,6 +1495,39 @@
     }
 }
 
+// must be called with player thread lock held
+void AudioFlinger::PlaybackThread::Track::processMuteEvent_l(const sp<
+    IAudioManager>& audioManager, mute_state_t muteState)
+{
+    if (mMuteState == muteState) {
+        // mute state did not change, do nothing
+        return;
+    }
+
+    status_t result = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    if (audioManager && mPortId != AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE) {
+        if (mMuteEventExtras == nullptr) {
+            mMuteEventExtras = std::make_unique<os::PersistableBundle>();
+        }
+        mMuteEventExtras->putInt(String16(kExtraPlayerEventMuteKey),
+                                 static_cast<int>(muteState));
+
+        result = audioManager->portEvent(mPortId,
+                                         PLAYER_UPDATE_MUTED,
+                                         mMuteEventExtras);
+    }
+
+    if (result == OK) {
+        mMuteState = muteState;
+    } else {
+        ALOGW("%s(%d): cannot process mute state for port ID %d, status error %d",
+              __func__,
+              id(),
+              mPortId,
+              result);
+    }
+}
+
 status_t AudioFlinger::PlaybackThread::Track::getTimestamp(AudioTimestamp& timestamp)
 {
     if (!isOffloaded() && !isDirect()) {
@@ -1928,6 +1962,7 @@
         PlaybackThread *playbackThread = (PlaybackThread *)thread.get();
         if ((mTrack->channelMask() & AUDIO_CHANNEL_HAPTIC_ALL) != AUDIO_CHANNEL_NONE
                 && playbackThread->mHapticChannelCount > 0) {
+            ALOGD("%s, haptic playback was muted for track %d", __func__, mTrack->id());
             mTrack->setHapticPlaybackEnabled(false);
             *ret = true;
         }
@@ -1945,6 +1980,7 @@
         PlaybackThread *playbackThread = (PlaybackThread *)thread.get();
         if ((mTrack->channelMask() & AUDIO_CHANNEL_HAPTIC_ALL) != AUDIO_CHANNEL_NONE
                 && playbackThread->mHapticChannelCount > 0) {
+            ALOGD("%s, haptic playback was unmuted for track %d", __func__, mTrack->id());
             mTrack->setHapticPlaybackEnabled(true);
             *ret = true;
         }
@@ -3105,6 +3141,38 @@
 {
 }
 
+void AudioFlinger::MmapThread::MmapTrack::processMuteEvent_l(const sp<
+    IAudioManager>& audioManager, mute_state_t muteState)
+{
+    if (mMuteState == muteState) {
+        // mute state did not change, do nothing
+        return;
+    }
+
+    status_t result = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    if (audioManager && mPortId != AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE) {
+        if (mMuteEventExtras == nullptr) {
+            mMuteEventExtras = std::make_unique<os::PersistableBundle>();
+        }
+        mMuteEventExtras->putInt(String16(kExtraPlayerEventMuteKey),
+                                 static_cast<int>(muteState));
+
+        result = audioManager->portEvent(mPortId,
+                                         PLAYER_UPDATE_MUTED,
+                                         mMuteEventExtras);
+    }
+
+    if (result == OK) {
+        mMuteState = muteState;
+    } else {
+        ALOGW("%s(%d): cannot process mute state for port ID %d, status error %d",
+              __func__,
+              id(),
+              mPortId,
+              result);
+    }
+}
+
 void AudioFlinger::MmapThread::MmapTrack::appendDumpHeader(String8& result)
 {
     result.appendFormat("Client Session Port Id  Format Chn mask  SRate Flags %s\n",
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h b/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h
index 496591a..c4c27e8 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h
@@ -134,17 +134,17 @@
     // request an output appropriate for playback of the supplied stream type and parameters
     virtual audio_io_handle_t getOutput(audio_stream_type_t stream) = 0;
     virtual status_t getOutputForAttr(const audio_attributes_t *attr,
-                                        audio_io_handle_t *output,
-                                        audio_session_t session,
-                                        audio_stream_type_t *stream,
-                                        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSouce,
-                                        const audio_config_t *config,
-                                        audio_output_flags_t *flags,
-                                        audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
-                                        audio_port_handle_t *portId,
-                                        std::vector<audio_io_handle_t> *secondaryOutputs,
-                                        output_type_t *outputType,
-                                        bool *isSpatialized) = 0;
+                                      audio_io_handle_t *output,
+                                      audio_session_t session,
+                                      audio_stream_type_t *stream,
+                                      const AttributionSourceState& attributionSouce,
+                                      audio_config_t *config,
+                                      audio_output_flags_t *flags,
+                                      audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
+                                      audio_port_handle_t *portId,
+                                      std::vector<audio_io_handle_t> *secondaryOutputs,
+                                      output_type_t *outputType,
+                                      bool *isSpatialized) = 0;
     // indicates to the audio policy manager that the output starts being used by corresponding
     // stream.
     virtual status_t startOutput(audio_port_handle_t portId) = 0;
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
                                      audio_unique_id_t riid,
                                      audio_session_t session,
                                      const AttributionSourceState& attributionSouce,
-                                     const audio_config_base_t *config,
+                                     audio_config_base_t *config,
                                      audio_input_flags_t flags,
                                      audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                                      input_type_t *inputType,
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING b/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING
index f130f7c..4d43eb0 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -11,12 +11,23 @@
           "include-filter": "com.google.android.gts.audio.AudioHostTest#testTwoChannelCapturing"
         }
       ]
-    },
+    }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases",
       "options" : [
         {
-          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic.*"
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_DEFAULT__OUTPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__INPUT"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "android.nativemedia.aaudio.AAudioTests#AAudioBasic_TestAAudioBasic_TestBasic_LOW_LATENCY__OUTPUT"
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
index bb1699e..afffcd5 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     status_t getAudioPolicyMix(audio_devices_t deviceType,
             const String8& address, sp<AudioPolicyMix> &policyMix) const;
 
-    status_t registerMix(AudioMix mix, sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> desc);
+    status_t registerMix(const AudioMix& mix, const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& desc);
 
     status_t unregisterMix(const AudioMix& mix);
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
     void dump(String8 *dst) const;
 
 private:
-    enum class MixMatchStatus { MATCH, NO_MATCH, INVALID_MIX };
+    enum class MixMatchStatus { MATCH, NO_MATCH };
     MixMatchStatus mixMatch(const AudioMix* mix, size_t mixIndex,
                             const audio_attributes_t& attributes,
                             const audio_config_base_t& config,
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h
index 0431619..7119b85 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h
@@ -239,12 +239,13 @@
     }
     void setUseSwBridge() { mUseSwBridge = true; }
     bool useSwBridge() const { return mUseSwBridge; }
+    bool canCloseOutput() const { return mCloseOutput; }
     bool isConnected() const { return mPatchHandle != AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE; }
     audio_patch_handle_t getPatchHandle() const { return mPatchHandle; }
     sp<DeviceDescriptor> srcDevice() const { return mSrcDevice; }
     sp<DeviceDescriptor> sinkDevice() const { return mSinkDevice; }
     wp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> swOutput() const { return mSwOutput; }
-    void setSwOutput(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& swOutput);
+    void setSwOutput(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& swOutput, bool closeOutput = false);
     wp<HwAudioOutputDescriptor> hwOutput() const { return mHwOutput; }
     void setHwOutput(const sp<HwAudioOutputDescriptor>& hwOutput);
 
@@ -258,6 +259,15 @@
     wp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> mSwOutput;
     wp<HwAudioOutputDescriptor> mHwOutput;
     bool mUseSwBridge = false;
+    /**
+     * For either HW bridge associated to a SwOutput for activity / volume or SwBridge for also
+     * sample rendering / activity & volume, an existing playback thread may be reused (e.g.
+     * not already opened at APM startup or Direct Output).
+     * If reusing an already opened output, when this output is not used anymore, the AudioFlinger
+     * patch must be updated to refine the output device(s) information and ensure the right
+     * behavior of AudioDeviceCallback.
+     */
+    bool mCloseOutput = false;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/IOProfile.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/IOProfile.h
index 90b812d..37443ab 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/IOProfile.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/IOProfile.h
@@ -97,6 +97,25 @@
                              uint32_t flags,
                              bool exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags = false) const;
 
+    /**
+     * @brief areAllDevicesSupported: Checks if the given devices are supported by the IO profile.
+     *
+     * @param devices vector of devices to be checked for compatibility
+     * @return true if all devices are supported, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool areAllDevicesSupported(const DeviceVector &devices) const;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief isCompatibleProfileForFlags: Checks if the IO profile is compatible with
+     * specified flags.
+     *
+     * @param flags to be checked for compatibility
+     * @param exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags true if exact match is required on flags
+     * @return true if the profile is compatible, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isCompatibleProfileForFlags(uint32_t flags,
+                                     bool exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags = false) const;
+
     void dump(String8 *dst, int spaces) const;
     void log();
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
index e142bef..65fab43 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "APM_AudioPolicyMix"
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include "AudioPolicyMix.h"
 #include "TypeConverter.h"
 #include "HwModule.h"
@@ -25,6 +26,34 @@
 #include <AudioOutputDescriptor.h>
 
 namespace android {
+namespace {
+
+// Consistency checks: for each "dimension" of rules (usage, uid...), we can
+// only have MATCH rules, or EXCLUDE rules in each dimension, not a combination.
+bool areMixCriteriaConsistent(const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& criteria) {
+    std::set<uint32_t> positiveCriteria;
+    for (const AudioMixMatchCriterion& c : criteria) {
+        if (c.isExcludeCriterion()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        positiveCriteria.insert(c.mRule);
+    }
+
+    auto isConflictingCriterion = [&positiveCriteria](const AudioMixMatchCriterion& c) {
+        uint32_t ruleWithoutExclusion = c.mRule & ~RULE_EXCLUSION_MASK;
+        return c.isExcludeCriterion() &&
+               (positiveCriteria.find(ruleWithoutExclusion) != positiveCriteria.end());
+    };
+    return std::none_of(criteria.begin(), criteria.end(), isConflictingCriterion);
+}
+
+template <typename Predicate>
+void EraseCriteriaIf(std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& v,
+                     const Predicate& predicate) {
+    v.erase(std::remove_if(v.begin(), v.end(), predicate), v.end());
+}
+
+} // namespace
 
 void AudioPolicyMix::dump(String8 *dst, int spaces, int index) const
 {
@@ -78,7 +107,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-status_t AudioPolicyMixCollection::registerMix(AudioMix mix, sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> desc)
+status_t AudioPolicyMixCollection::registerMix(const AudioMix& mix,
+                                               const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& desc)
 {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
         const sp<AudioPolicyMix>& registeredMix = itemAt(i);
@@ -89,12 +119,17 @@
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
     }
-    sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix = new AudioPolicyMix(mix);
+    if (!areMixCriteriaConsistent(mix.mCriteria)) {
+        ALOGE("registerMix(): Mix contains inconsistent criteria "
+              "(MATCH & EXCLUDE criteria of the same type)");
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix = sp<AudioPolicyMix>::make(mix);
     add(policyMix);
     ALOGD("registerMix(): adding mix for dev=0x%x addr=%s",
             policyMix->mDeviceType, policyMix->mDeviceAddress.string());
 
-    if (desc != 0) {
+    if (desc != nullptr) {
         desc->mPolicyMix = policyMix;
         policyMix->setOutput(desc);
     }
@@ -177,15 +212,9 @@
             continue; // Primary output already found
         }
 
-        switch (mixMatch(policyMix.get(), i, attributes, config, uid)) {
-            case MixMatchStatus::INVALID_MIX:
-                // The mix has contradictory rules, ignore it
-                // TODO: reject invalid mix at registration
-                continue;
-            case MixMatchStatus::NO_MATCH:
-                ALOGV("%s: Mix %zu: does not match", __func__, i);
-                continue; // skip the mix
-            case MixMatchStatus::MATCH:;
+        if(mixMatch(policyMix.get(), i, attributes, config, uid) == MixMatchStatus::NO_MATCH) {
+            ALOGV("%s: Mix %zu: does not match", __func__, i);
+            continue; // skip the mix
         }
 
         if (primaryOutputMix) {
@@ -332,23 +361,6 @@
                 break;
             }
 
-            // consistency checks: for each "dimension" of rules (usage, uid...), we can
-            // only have MATCH rules, or EXCLUDE rules in each dimension, not a combination
-            if (hasUsageMatchRules && hasUsageExcludeRules) {
-                ALOGE("getOutputForAttr: invalid combination of RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE"
-                        " and RULE_EXCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE in mix %zu", mixIndex);
-                return MixMatchStatus::INVALID_MIX;
-            }
-            if (hasUidMatchRules && hasUidExcludeRules) {
-                ALOGE("getOutputForAttr: invalid combination of RULE_MATCH_UID"
-                        " and RULE_EXCLUDE_UID in mix %zu", mixIndex);
-                return MixMatchStatus::INVALID_MIX;
-            }
-            if (hasUserIdMatchRules && hasUserIdExcludeRules) {
-                ALOGE("getOutputForAttr: invalid combination of RULE_MATCH_USERID"
-                        " and RULE_EXCLUDE_USERID in mix %zu", mixIndex);
-                    return MixMatchStatus::INVALID_MIX;
-            }
 
             if ((hasUsageExcludeRules && usageExclusionFound)
                     || (hasUidExcludeRules && uidExclusionFound)
@@ -501,7 +513,7 @@
     //     AND it doesn't have a "match uid" rule
     //   THEN add a rule to exclude the uid
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
-        const AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
+        AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
         if (!mix->isDeviceAffinityCompatible()) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -531,27 +543,16 @@
 status_t AudioPolicyMixCollection::removeUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid) {
     // for each player mix: remove existing rules that match or exclude this uid
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
-        bool foundUidRule = false;
-        const AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
+        AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
         if (!mix->isDeviceAffinityCompatible()) {
             continue;
         }
-        std::vector<size_t> criteriaToRemove;
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < mix->mCriteria.size(); j++) {
-            const uint32_t rule = mix->mCriteria[j].mRule;
-            // is this rule excluding the uid? (not considering uid match rules
-            // as those are not used for uid-device affinity)
-            if (rule == RULE_EXCLUDE_UID
-                    && uid == mix->mCriteria[j].mValue.mUid) {
-                foundUidRule = true;
-                criteriaToRemove.insert(criteriaToRemove.begin(), j);
-            }
-        }
-        if (foundUidRule) {
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < criteriaToRemove.size(); j++) {
-                mix->mCriteria.removeAt(criteriaToRemove[j]);
-            }
-        }
+
+        // is this rule excluding the uid? (not considering uid match rules
+        // as those are not used for uid-device affinity)
+        EraseCriteriaIf(mix->mCriteria, [uid](const AudioMixMatchCriterion& c) {
+            return c.mRule == RULE_EXCLUDE_UID && c.mValue.mUid == uid;
+        });
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -586,7 +587,7 @@
     //    "match userId" rule for this userId, return an error
     //    (adding a userId-device affinity would result in contradictory rules)
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
-        const AudioPolicyMix* mix = itemAt(i).get();
+        AudioPolicyMix* mix = itemAt(i).get();
         if (!mix->isDeviceAffinityCompatible()) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -603,7 +604,7 @@
     //     AND it doesn't have a "match userId" rule
     //   THEN add a rule to exclude the userId
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
-        const AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
+        AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
         if (!mix->isDeviceAffinityCompatible()) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -633,27 +634,16 @@
 status_t AudioPolicyMixCollection::removeUserIdDeviceAffinities(int userId) {
     // for each player mix: remove existing rules that match or exclude this userId
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
-        bool foundUserIdRule = false;
-        const AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
+        AudioPolicyMix *mix = itemAt(i).get();
         if (!mix->isDeviceAffinityCompatible()) {
             continue;
         }
-        std::vector<size_t> criteriaToRemove;
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < mix->mCriteria.size(); j++) {
-            const uint32_t rule = mix->mCriteria[j].mRule;
-            // is this rule excluding the userId? (not considering userId match rules
-            // as those are not used for userId-device affinity)
-            if (rule == RULE_EXCLUDE_USERID
-                    && userId == mix->mCriteria[j].mValue.mUserId) {
-                foundUserIdRule = true;
-                criteriaToRemove.insert(criteriaToRemove.begin(), j);
-            }
-        }
-        if (foundUserIdRule) {
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < criteriaToRemove.size(); j++) {
-                mix->mCriteria.removeAt(criteriaToRemove[j]);
-            }
-        }
+
+        // is this rule excluding the userId? (not considering userId match rules
+        // as those are not used for userId-device affinity)
+        EraseCriteriaIf(mix->mCriteria, [userId](const AudioMixMatchCriterion& c) {
+            return c.mRule == RULE_EXCLUDE_USERID && c.mValue.mUserId == userId;
+        });
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp
index 713b0ac..8b6866e 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp
@@ -105,9 +105,11 @@
 {
 }
 
-void SourceClientDescriptor::setSwOutput(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& swOutput)
+void SourceClientDescriptor::setSwOutput(
+        const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& swOutput, bool closeOutput)
 {
     mSwOutput = swOutput;
+    mCloseOutput = closeOutput;
 }
 
 void SourceClientDescriptor::setHwOutput(const sp<HwAudioOutputDescriptor>& hwOutput)
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/IOProfile.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/IOProfile.cpp
index 21f2018..7b4cecf 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/IOProfile.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/IOProfile.cpp
@@ -40,11 +40,9 @@
     const bool isRecordThread =
             getType() == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_MIX && getRole() == AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK;
     ALOG_ASSERT(isPlaybackThread != isRecordThread);
-
-    if (!devices.isEmpty()) {
-        if (!mSupportedDevices.containsAllDevices(devices)) {
-            return false;
-        }
+    if (!areAllDevicesSupported(devices) ||
+            !isCompatibleProfileForFlags(flags, exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags)) {
+        return false;
     }
 
     if (!audio_is_valid_format(format) ||
@@ -78,6 +76,33 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (updatedSamplingRate != NULL) {
+        *updatedSamplingRate = myUpdatedSamplingRate;
+    }
+    if (updatedFormat != NULL) {
+        *updatedFormat = myUpdatedFormat;
+    }
+    if (updatedChannelMask != NULL) {
+        *updatedChannelMask = myUpdatedChannelMask;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool IOProfile::areAllDevicesSupported(const DeviceVector &devices) const {
+    if (devices.empty()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return mSupportedDevices.containsAllDevices(devices);
+}
+
+bool IOProfile::isCompatibleProfileForFlags(uint32_t flags,
+                                            bool exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags) const {
+    const bool isPlaybackThread =
+            getType() == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_MIX && getRole() == AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SOURCE;
+    const bool isRecordThread =
+            getType() == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_MIX && getRole() == AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK;
+    ALOG_ASSERT(isPlaybackThread != isRecordThread);
+
     const uint32_t mustMatchOutputFlags =
             AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT|AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_HW_AV_SYNC|AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ;
     if (isPlaybackThread && (((getFlags() ^ flags) & mustMatchOutputFlags)
@@ -93,15 +118,6 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (updatedSamplingRate != NULL) {
-        *updatedSamplingRate = myUpdatedSamplingRate;
-    }
-    if (updatedFormat != NULL) {
-        *updatedFormat = myUpdatedFormat;
-    }
-    if (updatedChannelMask != NULL) {
-        *updatedChannelMask = myUpdatedChannelMask;
-    }
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineDefaultConfig.h b/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineDefaultConfig.h
index b036e12..60b16ac 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineDefaultConfig.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineDefaultConfig.h
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@
 const engineConfig::ProductStrategies gOrderedStrategies = {
     {"STRATEGY_PHONE",
      {
-         {"phone", AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL, "AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL, "AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
             AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}},
          },
-         {"sco", AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO, "AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO, "AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_SCO,
             ""}},
          }
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_SONIFICATION",
      {
-         {"ring", AUDIO_STREAM_RING, "AUDIO_STREAM_RING",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_RING, "AUDIO_STREAM_RING",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_NOTIFICATION_TELEPHONY_RINGTONE,
             AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}}
          },
-         {"alarm", AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM, "AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM, "AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_ALARM, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
             AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}},
          }
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE, "AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE, "AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
             AUDIO_FLAG_AUDIBILITY_ENFORCED, ""}}
          }
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_ACCESSIBILITY",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY, "AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY, "AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_ACCESSIBILITY,
             AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}}
          }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_SONIFICATION_RESPECTFUL",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION, "AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION, "AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION",
           {
               {AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_NOTIFICATION, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
                AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""},
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_MEDIA",
      {
-         {"assistant", AUDIO_STREAM_ASSISTANT, "AUDIO_STREAM_ASSISTANT",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_ASSISTANT, "AUDIO_STREAM_ASSISTANT",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_SPEECH, AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANT,
             AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}}
          },
-         {"music", AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC, "AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC, "AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC",
           {
               {AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
                AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""},
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
                AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}
           },
          },
-         {"system", AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM, "AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM, "AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_SONIFICATION,
             AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}}
          }
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_DTMF",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF, "AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF, "AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF",
           {
               {AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION_SIGNALLING,
                AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_CALL_ASSISTANT",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_CALL_ASSISTANT, "AUDIO_STREAM_CALL_ASSISTANT",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_CALL_ASSISTANT, "AUDIO_STREAM_CALL_ASSISTANT",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_CALL_ASSISTANT, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
             AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}}
          }
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
     },
     {"STRATEGY_TRANSMITTED_THROUGH_SPEAKER",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_TTS, "AUDIO_STREAM_TTS",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_TTS, "AUDIO_STREAM_TTS",
           {
               {AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
                 AUDIO_FLAG_BEACON, ""},
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
 const engineConfig::ProductStrategies gOrderedSystemStrategies = {
     {"rerouting",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING, "AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING, "AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_VIRTUAL_SOURCE, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
             AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}}
          }
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
     },
     {"patch",
      {
-         {"", AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH, "AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH",
+         {AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH, "AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH",
           {{AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
             AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""}}
          }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/include/EngineConfig.h b/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/include/EngineConfig.h
index 2ebb7df..8036eea 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/include/EngineConfig.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/include/EngineConfig.h
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 using StreamVector = std::vector<audio_stream_type_t>;
 
 struct AttributesGroup {
-    std::string name;
     audio_stream_type_t stream;
     std::string volumeGroup;
     AttributesVector attributesVect;
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/src/EngineConfig.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/src/EngineConfig.cpp
index 6f560d5..ac117f0 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/src/EngineConfig.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/engine/config/src/EngineConfig.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
     static constexpr const char *collectionTag = "AttributesGroups";
 
     struct Attributes {
-        static constexpr const char *name = "name";
         static constexpr const char *streamType = "streamType";
         static constexpr const char *volumeGroup = "volumeGroup";
     };
@@ -313,12 +312,6 @@
 status_t AttributesGroupTraits::deserialize(_xmlDoc *doc, const _xmlNode *child,
                                             Collection &attributesGroup)
 {
-    std::string name = getXmlAttribute(child, Attributes::name);
-    if (name.empty()) {
-        ALOGV("AttributesGroupTraits No attribute %s found", Attributes::name);
-    }
-    ALOGV("%s: %s = %s", __FUNCTION__, Attributes::name, name.c_str());
-
     std::string volumeGroup = getXmlAttribute(child, Attributes::volumeGroup);
     if (volumeGroup.empty()) {
         ALOGE("%s: No attribute %s found", __FUNCTION__, Attributes::volumeGroup);
@@ -339,7 +332,7 @@
     AttributesVector attributesVect;
     deserializeAttributesCollection(doc, child, attributesVect);
 
-    attributesGroup.push_back({name, streamType, volumeGroup, attributesVect});
+    attributesGroup.push_back({streamType, volumeGroup, attributesVect});
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp
index 08d6453..7534984 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
     case AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_FOR_COMMUNICATION:
         if (config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_SPEAKER && config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_BT_SCO &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_NONE) {
-            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for FOR_COMMUNICATION", config);
+            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for COMMUNICATION", config);
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         break;
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_ANALOG_DOCK &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_DIGITAL_DOCK && config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_NONE &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_NO_BT_A2DP && config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_SPEAKER ) {
-            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for FOR_MEDIA", config);
+            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for MEDIA", config);
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         break;
     case AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_FOR_RECORD:
         if (config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_BT_SCO && config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_WIRED_ACCESSORY &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_NONE) {
-            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for FOR_RECORD", config);
+            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for RECORD", config);
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         break;
@@ -105,19 +105,22 @@
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_WIRED_ACCESSORY &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_ANALOG_DOCK &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_DIGITAL_DOCK) {
-            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for FOR_DOCK", config);
+            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for DOCK", config);
+            return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         break;
     case AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_FOR_SYSTEM:
         if (config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_NONE &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_SYSTEM_ENFORCED) {
-            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for FOR_SYSTEM", config);
+            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for SYSTEM", config);
+            return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         break;
     case AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_FOR_HDMI_SYSTEM_AUDIO:
         if (config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_NONE &&
             config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_HDMI_SYSTEM_AUDIO_ENFORCED) {
             ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for HDMI_SYSTEM_AUDIO", config);
+            return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         break;
     case AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_FOR_ENCODED_SURROUND:
@@ -131,13 +134,13 @@
         break;
     case AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_FOR_VIBRATE_RINGING:
         if (config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_BT_SCO && config != AUDIO_POLICY_FORCE_NONE) {
-            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for FOR_VIBRATE_RINGING", config);
+            ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid config %d for VIBRATE_RINGING", config);
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         break;
     default:
         ALOGW("setForceUse() invalid usage %d", usage);
-        break; // TODO return BAD_VALUE?
+        return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     return EngineBase::setForceUse(usage, config);
 }
@@ -273,10 +276,15 @@
         break;
 
     case STRATEGY_PHONE: {
-        devices = availableOutputDevices.getDevicesFromType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_HEARING_AID);
-        if (!devices.isEmpty()) break;
+        // TODO(b/243670205): remove this logic that gives preference to last removable devices
+        // once a UX decision has been made
         devices = availableOutputDevices.getFirstDevicesFromTypes(
-                        getLastRemovableMediaDevices(GROUP_NONE, {AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLE_HEADSET}));
+                        getLastRemovableMediaDevices(GROUP_NONE, {
+                            // excluding HEARING_AID and BLE_HEADSET because Dialer uses
+                            // setCommunicationDevice to select them explicitly
+                            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_HEARING_AID,
+                            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLE_HEADSET
+                            }));
         if (!devices.isEmpty()) break;
         devices = availableOutputDevices.getFirstDevicesFromTypes({
                 AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_DGTL_DOCK_HEADSET, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_EARPIECE});
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/fuzzer/audiopolicy_fuzzer.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/fuzzer/audiopolicy_fuzzer.cpp
index 48f7410..28268c9 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/fuzzer/audiopolicy_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/fuzzer/audiopolicy_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -544,10 +544,11 @@
 status_t AudioPolicyManagerFuzzerDynamicPolicy::addPolicyMix(
     int mixType, int mixFlag, audio_devices_t deviceType, std::string mixAddress,
     const audio_config_t &audioConfig, const std::vector<PolicyMixTuple> &rules) {
-    Vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> myMixMatchCriteria;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> myMixMatchCriteria;
 
+    myMixMatchCriteria.reserve(rules.size());
     for (const auto &rule : rules) {
-        myMixMatchCriteria.add(
+        myMixMatchCriteria.push_back(
             AudioMixMatchCriterion(std::get<0>(rule), std::get<1>(rule), std::get<2>(rule)));
     }
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
index 8586f6f..8a3cd63 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@
         const audio_attributes_t *attr,
         audio_stream_type_t *stream,
         uid_t uid,
-        const audio_config_t *config,
+        audio_config_t *config,
         audio_output_flags_t *flags,
         audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
         bool *isRequestedDeviceForExclusiveUse,
@@ -1273,6 +1273,15 @@
                 flags, isSpatialized, resultAttr->flags & AUDIO_FLAG_MUTE_HAPTIC);
     }
     if (*output == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
+        AudioProfileVector profiles;
+        status_t ret = getProfilesForDevices(outputDevices, profiles, *flags, false /*isInput*/);
+        if (ret == NO_ERROR && !profiles.empty()) {
+            config->channel_mask = profiles[0]->getChannels().empty() ? config->channel_mask
+                    : *profiles[0]->getChannels().begin();
+            config->sample_rate = profiles[0]->getSampleRates().empty() ? config->sample_rate
+                    : *profiles[0]->getSampleRates().begin();
+            config->format = profiles[0]->getFormat();
+        }
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
 
@@ -1300,7 +1309,7 @@
                                               audio_session_t session,
                                               audio_stream_type_t *stream,
                                               const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                                              const audio_config_t *config,
+                                              audio_config_t *config,
                                               audio_output_flags_t *flags,
                                               audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                                               audio_port_handle_t *portId,
@@ -2412,7 +2421,7 @@
                                              audio_unique_id_t riid,
                                              audio_session_t session,
                                              const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                                             const audio_config_base_t *config,
+                                             audio_config_base_t *config,
                                              audio_input_flags_t flags,
                                              audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                                              input_type_t *inputType,
@@ -2553,6 +2562,16 @@
     *input = getInputForDevice(device, session, attributes, config, flags, policyMix);
     if (*input == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
         status = INVALID_OPERATION;
+        AudioProfileVector profiles;
+        status_t ret = getProfilesForDevices(
+                DeviceVector(device), profiles, flags, true /*isInput*/);
+        if (ret == NO_ERROR && !profiles.empty()) {
+            config->channel_mask = profiles[0]->getChannels().empty() ? config->channel_mask
+                    : *profiles[0]->getChannels().begin();
+            config->sample_rate = profiles[0]->getSampleRates().empty() ? config->sample_rate
+                    : *profiles[0]->getSampleRates().begin();
+            config->format = profiles[0]->getFormat();
+        }
         goto error;
     }
 
@@ -2584,7 +2603,7 @@
 audio_io_handle_t AudioPolicyManager::getInputForDevice(const sp<DeviceDescriptor> &device,
                                                         audio_session_t session,
                                                         const audio_attributes_t &attributes,
-                                                        const audio_config_base_t *config,
+                                                        audio_config_base_t *config,
                                                         audio_input_flags_t flags,
                                                         const sp<AudioPolicyMix> &policyMix)
 {
@@ -2611,31 +2630,19 @@
         flags = (audio_input_flags_t)(flags | AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_ULTRASOUND);
     }
 
-    // find a compatible input profile (not necessarily identical in parameters)
-    sp<IOProfile> profile;
     // sampling rate and flags may be updated by getInputProfile
     uint32_t profileSamplingRate = (config->sample_rate == 0) ?
             SAMPLE_RATE_HZ_DEFAULT : config->sample_rate;
-    audio_format_t profileFormat;
+    audio_format_t profileFormat = config->format;
     audio_channel_mask_t profileChannelMask = config->channel_mask;
     audio_input_flags_t profileFlags = flags;
-    for (;;) {
-        profileFormat = config->format; // reset each time through loop, in case it is updated
-        profile = getInputProfile(device, profileSamplingRate, profileFormat, profileChannelMask,
-                                  profileFlags);
-        if (profile != 0) {
-            break; // success
-        } else if (profileFlags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW) {
-            profileFlags = (audio_input_flags_t) (profileFlags & ~AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW); // retry
-        } else if (profileFlags != AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE && audio_is_linear_pcm(config->format)) {
-            profileFlags = AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE; // retry
-        } else { // fail
-            ALOGW("%s could not find profile for device %s, sampling rate %u, format %#x, "
-                  "channel mask 0x%X, flags %#x", __func__, device->toString().c_str(),
-                  config->sample_rate, config->format, config->channel_mask, flags);
-            return input;
-        }
+    // find a compatible input profile (not necessarily identical in parameters)
+    sp<IOProfile> profile = getInputProfile(
+            device, profileSamplingRate, profileFormat, profileChannelMask, profileFlags);
+    if (profile == nullptr) {
+        return input;
     }
+
     // Pick input sampling rate if not specified by client
     uint32_t samplingRate = config->sample_rate;
     if (samplingRate == 0) {
@@ -4097,8 +4104,8 @@
 
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::getDirectProfilesForAttributes(const audio_attributes_t* attr,
                                                 AudioProfileVector& audioProfilesVector) {
-    AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector devices;
-    status_t status = getDevicesForAttributes(*attr, &devices, false /* forVolume */);
+    DeviceVector devices;
+    status_t status = getDevicesForAttributes(*attr, devices, false /* forVolume */);
     if (status != OK) {
         return status;
     }
@@ -4106,44 +4113,8 @@
     if (devices.empty()) {
         return OK; // no output devices for the attributes
     }
-
-    for (const auto& hwModule : mHwModules) {
-        // the MSD module checks for different conditions
-        if (strcmp(hwModule->getName(), AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_MSD) == 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        for (const auto& outputProfile : hwModule->getOutputProfiles()) {
-            if (!outputProfile->asAudioPort()->isDirectOutput()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // allow only profiles that support all the available and routed devices
-            if (outputProfile->getSupportedDevices().getDevicesFromDeviceTypeAddrVec(devices).size()
-                    != devices.size()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            audioProfilesVector.addAllValidProfiles(
-                    outputProfile->asAudioPort()->getAudioProfiles());
-        }
-    }
-
-    // add the direct profiles from MSD if present and has audio patches to all the output(s)
-    const auto& msdModule = mHwModules.getModuleFromName(AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_MSD);
-    if (msdModule != nullptr) {
-        if (msdHasPatchesToAllDevices(devices)) {
-            ALOGV("%s: MSD audio patches set to all output devices.", __func__);
-            for (const auto& outputProfile : msdModule->getOutputProfiles()) {
-                if (!outputProfile->asAudioPort()->isDirectOutput()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                audioProfilesVector.addAllValidProfiles(
-                        outputProfile->asAudioPort()->getAudioProfiles());
-            }
-        } else {
-            ALOGV("%s: MSD audio patches NOT set to all output devices.", __func__);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return getProfilesForDevices(devices, audioProfilesVector,
+                                 AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT /*flags*/, false /*isInput*/);
 }
 
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::listAudioPorts(audio_port_role_t role,
@@ -4543,7 +4514,11 @@
                     audio_attributes_t resultAttr;
                     audio_config_t config = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
                     config.sample_rate = sourceDesc->config().sample_rate;
-                    config.channel_mask = sourceDesc->config().channel_mask;
+                    audio_channel_mask_t sourceMask = sourceDesc->config().channel_mask;
+                    config.channel_mask =
+                            (audio_channel_mask_get_representation(sourceMask)
+                                == AUDIO_CHANNEL_REPRESENTATION_INDEX) ? sourceMask
+                                    : audio_channel_mask_in_to_out(sourceMask);
                     config.format = sourceDesc->config().format;
                     audio_output_flags_t flags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE;
                     audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
@@ -4564,7 +4539,8 @@
                         ALOGE("%s output is duplicated", __func__);
                         return INVALID_OPERATION;
                     }
-                    sourceDesc->setSwOutput(outputDesc);
+                    bool closeOutput = outputDesc->mDirectOpenCount != 0;
+                    sourceDesc->setSwOutput(outputDesc, closeOutput);
                 } else {
                     // Same for "raw patches" aka created from createAudioPatch API
                     SortedVector<audio_io_handle_t> outputs =
@@ -4583,7 +4559,7 @@
                               __func__, sinkDevice->toString().c_str());
                         return INVALID_OPERATION;
                     }
-                    sourceDesc->setSwOutput(outputDesc);
+                    sourceDesc->setSwOutput(outputDesc, /* closeOutput= */ false);
                 }
                 // create a software bridge in PatchPanel if:
                 // - source and sink devices are on different HW modules OR
@@ -4712,17 +4688,29 @@
                 // releaseOutput has already called closeOutput in case of direct output
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
-            if (!outputDesc->isActive() && !sourceDesc->useSwBridge()) {
-                resetOutputDevice(outputDesc);
-            } else {
-                // Reuse patch handle if still valid / do not force rerouting if still routed
-                patchHandle = outputDesc->getPatchHandle();
-                setOutputDevices(outputDesc,
-                                 getNewOutputDevices(outputDesc, true /*fromCache*/),
-                                 patchHandle == AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE, /*force*/
-                                 0,
-                                 patchHandle == AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE ? nullptr : &patchHandle);
-            }
+            patchHandle = outputDesc->getPatchHandle();
+            // When a Sw bridge is released, the mixer used by this bridge will release its
+            // patch at AudioFlinger side. Hence, the mixer audio patch must be recreated
+            // Reuse patch handle to force audio flinger removing initial mixer patch removal
+            // updating hal patch handle (prevent leaks).
+            // While using a HwBridge, force reconsidering device only if not reusing an existing
+            // output and no more activity on output (will force to close).
+            bool force = sourceDesc->useSwBridge() ||
+                    (sourceDesc->canCloseOutput() && !outputDesc->isActive());
+            // APM pattern is to have always outputs opened / patch realized for reachable devices.
+            // Update device may result to NONE (empty), coupled with force, it releases the patch.
+            // Reconsider device only for cases:
+            //      1 / Active Output
+            //      2 / Inactive Output previously hosting HwBridge
+            //      3 / Inactive Output previously hosting SwBridge that can be closed.
+            bool updateDevice = outputDesc->isActive() || !sourceDesc->useSwBridge() ||
+                    sourceDesc->canCloseOutput();
+            setOutputDevices(outputDesc,
+                             updateDevice ? getNewOutputDevices(outputDesc, true /*fromCache*/) :
+                                            outputDesc->devices(),
+                             force,
+                             0,
+                             patchHandle == AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE ? nullptr : &patchHandle);
         } else {
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
@@ -6688,70 +6676,15 @@
     return (stream1 == stream2);
 }
 
-// TODO - consider MSD routes b/214971780
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::getDevicesForAttributes(
         const audio_attributes_t &attr, AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector *devices, bool forVolume) {
     if (devices == nullptr) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    // Devices are determined in the following precedence:
-    //
-    // 1) Devices associated with a dynamic policy matching the attributes.  This is often
-    //    a remote submix from MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK.
-    //
-    // If no such dynamic policy then
-    // 2) Devices containing an active client using setPreferredDevice
-    //    with same strategy as the attributes.
-    //    (from the default Engine::getOutputDevicesForAttributes() implementation).
-    //
-    // If no corresponding active client with setPreferredDevice then
-    // 3) Devices associated with the strategy determined by the attributes
-    //    (from the default Engine::getOutputDevicesForAttributes() implementation).
-    //
-    // See related getOutputForAttrInt().
-
-    // check dynamic policies but only for primary descriptors (secondary not used for audible
-    // audio routing, only used for duplication for playback capture)
-    sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix;
-    status_t status = mPolicyMixes.getOutputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_CONFIG_BASE_INITIALIZER,
-            0 /*uid unknown here*/, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE, policyMix, nullptr);
-    if (status != OK) {
-        return status;
-    }
-
     DeviceVector curDevices;
-    if (policyMix != nullptr && policyMix->getOutput() != nullptr &&
-            // For volume control, skip LOOPBACK mixes which use AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX
-            // as they are unaffected by device/stream volume
-            // (per SwAudioOutputDescriptor::isFixedVolume()).
-            (!forVolume || policyMix->mDeviceType != AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX)
-            ) {
-        sp<DeviceDescriptor> deviceDesc = mAvailableOutputDevices.getDevice(
-                policyMix->mDeviceType, policyMix->mDeviceAddress, AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
-        curDevices.add(deviceDesc);
-    } else {
-        // The default Engine::getOutputDevicesForAttributes() uses findPreferredDevice()
-        // which selects setPreferredDevice if active.  This means forVolume call
-        // will take an active setPreferredDevice, if such exists.
-
-        curDevices = mEngine->getOutputDevicesForAttributes(
-                attr, nullptr /* preferredDevice */, false /* fromCache */);
-    }
-
-    if (forVolume) {
-        // We alias the device AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER_SAFE to AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER
-        // for single volume control in AudioService (such relationship should exist if
-        // SPEAKER_SAFE is present).
-        //
-        // (This is unrelated to a different device grouping as Volume::getDeviceCategory)
-        DeviceVector speakerSafeDevices =
-                curDevices.getDevicesFromType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER_SAFE);
-        if (!speakerSafeDevices.isEmpty()) {
-            curDevices.merge(
-                    mAvailableOutputDevices.getDevicesFromType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER));
-            curDevices.remove(speakerSafeDevices);
-        }
+    if (status_t status = getDevicesForAttributes(attr, curDevices, forVolume); status != OK) {
+        return status;
     }
     for (const auto& device : curDevices) {
         devices->push_back(device->getDeviceTypeAddr());
@@ -7106,51 +7039,68 @@
 {
     // Choose an input profile based on the requested capture parameters: select the first available
     // profile supporting all requested parameters.
+    // The flags can be ignored if it doesn't contain a much match flag.
     //
     // TODO: perhaps isCompatibleProfile should return a "matching" score so we can return
     // the best matching profile, not the first one.
 
-    sp<IOProfile> firstInexact;
-    uint32_t updatedSamplingRate = 0;
-    audio_format_t updatedFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_INVALID;
-    audio_channel_mask_t updatedChannelMask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_INVALID;
-    for (const auto& hwModule : mHwModules) {
-        for (const auto& profile : hwModule->getInputProfiles()) {
-            // profile->log();
-            //updatedFormat = format;
-            if (profile->isCompatibleProfile(DeviceVector(device), samplingRate,
-                                             &samplingRate  /*updatedSamplingRate*/,
-                                             format,
-                                             &format,       /*updatedFormat*/
-                                             channelMask,
-                                             &channelMask   /*updatedChannelMask*/,
-                                             // FIXME ugly cast
-                                             (audio_output_flags_t) flags,
-                                             true /*exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags*/)) {
-                return profile;
-            }
-            if (firstInexact == nullptr && profile->isCompatibleProfile(DeviceVector(device),
-                                             samplingRate,
-                                             &updatedSamplingRate,
-                                             format,
-                                             &updatedFormat,
-                                             channelMask,
-                                             &updatedChannelMask,
-                                             // FIXME ugly cast
-                                             (audio_output_flags_t) flags,
-                                             false /*exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags*/)) {
-                firstInexact = profile;
-            }
+    const audio_input_flags_t mustMatchFlag = AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ;
+    const audio_input_flags_t oriFlags = flags;
 
+    for (;;) {
+        sp<IOProfile> firstInexact = nullptr;
+        uint32_t updatedSamplingRate = 0;
+        audio_format_t updatedFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_INVALID;
+        audio_channel_mask_t updatedChannelMask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_INVALID;
+        for (const auto& hwModule : mHwModules) {
+            for (const auto& profile : hwModule->getInputProfiles()) {
+                // profile->log();
+                //updatedFormat = format;
+                if (profile->isCompatibleProfile(DeviceVector(device), samplingRate,
+                                                 &samplingRate  /*updatedSamplingRate*/,
+                                                 format,
+                                                 &format,       /*updatedFormat*/
+                                                 channelMask,
+                                                 &channelMask   /*updatedChannelMask*/,
+                                                 // FIXME ugly cast
+                                                 (audio_output_flags_t) flags,
+                                                 true /*exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags*/)) {
+                    return profile;
+                }
+                if (firstInexact == nullptr && profile->isCompatibleProfile(DeviceVector(device),
+                                                 samplingRate,
+                                                 &updatedSamplingRate,
+                                                 format,
+                                                 &updatedFormat,
+                                                 channelMask,
+                                                 &updatedChannelMask,
+                                                 // FIXME ugly cast
+                                                 (audio_output_flags_t) flags,
+                                                 false /*exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags*/)) {
+                    firstInexact = profile;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (firstInexact != nullptr) {
+            samplingRate = updatedSamplingRate;
+            format = updatedFormat;
+            channelMask = updatedChannelMask;
+            return firstInexact;
+        } else if (flags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW) {
+            flags = (audio_input_flags_t) (flags & ~AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW); // retry
+        } else if ((flags & mustMatchFlag) == AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE &&
+                flags != AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE && audio_is_linear_pcm(format)) {
+            flags = AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE;
+        } else { // fail
+            ALOGW("%s could not find profile for device %s, sampling rate %u, format %#x, "
+                  "channel mask 0x%X, flags %#x", __func__, device->toString().c_str(),
+                  samplingRate, format, channelMask, oriFlags);
+            break;
         }
     }
-    if (firstInexact != nullptr) {
-        samplingRate = updatedSamplingRate;
-        format = updatedFormat;
-        channelMask = updatedChannelMask;
-        return firstInexact;
-    }
-    return NULL;
+
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 float AudioPolicyManager::computeVolume(IVolumeCurves &curves,
@@ -7888,4 +7838,109 @@
     return desc;
 }
 
+status_t AudioPolicyManager::getDevicesForAttributes(
+        const audio_attributes_t &attr, DeviceVector &devices, bool forVolume) {
+    // Devices are determined in the following precedence:
+    //
+    // 1) Devices associated with a dynamic policy matching the attributes.  This is often
+    //    a remote submix from MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK.
+    //
+    // If no such dynamic policy then
+    // 2) Devices containing an active client using setPreferredDevice
+    //    with same strategy as the attributes.
+    //    (from the default Engine::getOutputDevicesForAttributes() implementation).
+    //
+    // If no corresponding active client with setPreferredDevice then
+    // 3) Devices associated with the strategy determined by the attributes
+    //    (from the default Engine::getOutputDevicesForAttributes() implementation).
+    //
+    // See related getOutputForAttrInt().
+
+    // check dynamic policies but only for primary descriptors (secondary not used for audible
+    // audio routing, only used for duplication for playback capture)
+    sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix;
+    status_t status = mPolicyMixes.getOutputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_CONFIG_BASE_INITIALIZER,
+            0 /*uid unknown here*/, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE, policyMix,
+            nullptr /* secondaryMixes */);
+    if (status != OK) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    if (policyMix != nullptr && policyMix->getOutput() != nullptr &&
+            // For volume control, skip LOOPBACK mixes which use AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX
+            // as they are unaffected by device/stream volume
+            // (per SwAudioOutputDescriptor::isFixedVolume()).
+            (!forVolume || policyMix->mDeviceType != AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX)
+            ) {
+        sp<DeviceDescriptor> deviceDesc = mAvailableOutputDevices.getDevice(
+                policyMix->mDeviceType, policyMix->mDeviceAddress, AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+        devices.add(deviceDesc);
+    } else {
+        // The default Engine::getOutputDevicesForAttributes() uses findPreferredDevice()
+        // which selects setPreferredDevice if active.  This means forVolume call
+        // will take an active setPreferredDevice, if such exists.
+
+        devices = mEngine->getOutputDevicesForAttributes(
+                attr, nullptr /* preferredDevice */, false /* fromCache */);
+    }
+
+    if (forVolume) {
+        // We alias the device AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER_SAFE to AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER
+        // for single volume control in AudioService (such relationship should exist if
+        // SPEAKER_SAFE is present).
+        //
+        // (This is unrelated to a different device grouping as Volume::getDeviceCategory)
+        DeviceVector speakerSafeDevices =
+                devices.getDevicesFromType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER_SAFE);
+        if (!speakerSafeDevices.isEmpty()) {
+            devices.merge(mAvailableOutputDevices.getDevicesFromType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER));
+            devices.remove(speakerSafeDevices);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t AudioPolicyManager::getProfilesForDevices(const DeviceVector& devices,
+                                                   AudioProfileVector& audioProfiles,
+                                                   uint32_t flags,
+                                                   bool isInput) {
+    for (const auto& hwModule : mHwModules) {
+        // the MSD module checks for different conditions
+        if (strcmp(hwModule->getName(), AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_MSD) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        IOProfileCollection ioProfiles = isInput ? hwModule->getInputProfiles()
+                                                 : hwModule->getOutputProfiles();
+        for (const auto& profile : ioProfiles) {
+            if (!profile->areAllDevicesSupported(devices) ||
+                    !profile->isCompatibleProfileForFlags(
+                            flags, false /*exactMatchRequiredForInputFlags*/)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            audioProfiles.addAllValidProfiles(profile->asAudioPort()->getAudioProfiles());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!isInput) {
+        // add the direct profiles from MSD if present and has audio patches to all the output(s)
+        const auto &msdModule = mHwModules.getModuleFromName(AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_MSD);
+        if (msdModule != nullptr) {
+            if (msdHasPatchesToAllDevices(devices.toTypeAddrVector())) {
+                ALOGV("%s: MSD audio patches set to all output devices.", __func__);
+                for (const auto &profile: msdModule->getOutputProfiles()) {
+                    if (!profile->asAudioPort()->isDirectOutput()) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    audioProfiles.addAllValidProfiles(profile->asAudioPort()->getAudioProfiles());
+                }
+            } else {
+                ALOGV("%s: MSD audio patches NOT set to all output devices.", __func__);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
index 87e6974..74460c7 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
                                   audio_session_t session,
                                   audio_stream_type_t *stream,
                                   const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                                  const audio_config_t *config,
+                                  audio_config_t *config,
                                   audio_output_flags_t *flags,
                                   audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                                   audio_port_handle_t *portId,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
                                          audio_unique_id_t riid,
                                          audio_session_t session,
                                          const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                                         const audio_config_base_t *config,
+                                         audio_config_base_t *config,
                                          audio_input_flags_t flags,
                                          audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                                          input_type_t *inputType,
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@
                 const audio_attributes_t *attr,
                 audio_stream_type_t *stream,
                 uid_t uid,
-                const audio_config_t *config,
+                audio_config_t *config,
                 audio_output_flags_t *flags,
                 audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
                 bool *isRequestedDeviceForExclusiveUse,
@@ -1133,7 +1133,9 @@
          * @param session requester session id
          * @param uid requester uid
          * @param attributes requester audio attributes (e.g. input source and tags matter)
-         * @param config requester audio configuration (e.g. sample rate, format, channel mask).
+         * @param config requested audio configuration (e.g. sample rate, format, channel mask),
+         *               will be updated if current configuration doesn't support but another
+         *               one does
          * @param flags requester input flags
          * @param policyMix may be null, policy rules to be followed by the requester
          * @return input io handle aka unique input identifier selected for this device.
@@ -1141,7 +1143,7 @@
         audio_io_handle_t getInputForDevice(const sp<DeviceDescriptor> &device,
                 audio_session_t session,
                 const audio_attributes_t &attributes,
-                const audio_config_base_t *config,
+                audio_config_base_t *config,
                 audio_input_flags_t flags,
                 const sp<AudioPolicyMix> &policyMix);
 
@@ -1260,6 +1262,15 @@
 
         // Filters only the relevant flags for getProfileForOutput
         audio_output_flags_t getRelevantFlags (audio_output_flags_t flags, bool directOnly);
+
+        status_t getDevicesForAttributes(const audio_attributes_t &attr,
+                                         DeviceVector &devices,
+                                         bool forVolume);
+
+        status_t getProfilesForDevices(const DeviceVector& devices,
+                                       AudioProfileVector& audioProfiles,
+                                       uint32_t flags,
+                                       bool isInput);
 };
 
 };
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
index df49bba..b15b61d 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
@@ -443,6 +443,13 @@
                 convertContainer<std::vector<int32_t>>(secondaryOutputs,
                                                        legacy2aidl_audio_io_handle_t_int32_t));
         _aidl_return->isSpatialized = isSpatialized;
+    } else {
+        _aidl_return->configBase.format = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
+                legacy2aidl_audio_format_t_AudioFormatDescription(config.format));
+        _aidl_return->configBase.channelMask = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
+                legacy2aidl_audio_channel_mask_t_AudioChannelLayout(
+                        config.channel_mask, false /*isInput*/));
+        _aidl_return->configBase.sampleRate = config.sample_rate;
     }
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(result);
 }
@@ -755,6 +762,9 @@
             if (status == PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                 AutoCallerClear acc;
                 mAudioPolicyManager->releaseInput(portId);
+            } else {
+                _aidl_return->config = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
+                        legacy2aidl_audio_config_base_t_AudioConfigBase(config, true /*isInput*/));
             }
             return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
         }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp
index 9c989ce..af40d1f 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp
@@ -825,9 +825,10 @@
         // create FX instance on output
         AttributionSourceState attributionSource = AttributionSourceState();
         mEngine = new AudioEffect(attributionSource);
-        mEngine->set(nullptr, &mEngineDescriptor.uuid, 0, Spatializer::engineCallback /* cbf */,
-                     this /* user */, AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_STAGE, output, {} /* device */,
-                     false /* probe */, true /* notifyFramesProcessed */);
+        mEngine->set(nullptr /* type */, &mEngineDescriptor.uuid, 0 /* priority */,
+                     wp<AudioEffect::IAudioEffectCallback>::fromExisting(this),
+                     AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_STAGE, output, {} /* device */, false /* probe */,
+                     true /* notifyFramesProcessed */);
         status_t status = mEngine->initCheck();
         ALOGV("%s mEngine create status %d", __func__, (int)status);
         if (status != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -983,27 +984,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Spatializer::engineCallback(int32_t event, void *user, void *info) {
-    if (user == nullptr) {
-        return;
-    }
-    Spatializer* const me = reinterpret_cast<Spatializer *>(user);
-    switch (event) {
-        case AudioEffect::EVENT_FRAMES_PROCESSED: {
-            int frames = info == nullptr ? 0 : *(int*)info;
-            ALOGV("%s frames processed %d for me %p", __func__, frames, me);
-            me->postFramesProcessedMsg(frames);
-        } break;
-        default:
-            ALOGV("%s event %d", __func__, event);
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-void Spatializer::postFramesProcessedMsg(int frames) {
+void Spatializer::onFramesProcessed(int32_t framesProcessed) {
     sp<AMessage> msg =
             new AMessage(EngineCallbackHandler::kWhatOnFramesProcessed, mHandler);
-    msg->setInt32(EngineCallbackHandler::kNumFramesKey, frames);
+    msg->setInt32(EngineCallbackHandler::kNumFramesKey, framesProcessed);
     msg->post();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h
index 2687b5c..9eb8c48 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
  * spatializer mixer thread is destroyed.
  */
 class Spatializer : public media::BnSpatializer,
+                    public AudioEffect::IAudioEffectCallback,
                     public IBinder::DeathRecipient,
                     private SpatializerPoseController::Listener,
                     public virtual AudioSystem::SupportedLatencyModesCallback {
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    void postFramesProcessedMsg(int frames);
+    virtual void onFramesProcessed(int32_t framesProcessed) override;
 
     /**
      * Checks if head and screen sensors must be actively monitored based on
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
index bb00c48..d51c57c 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,32 @@
 using testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
 using android::content::AttributionSourceState;
 
+namespace {
+
+AudioMixMatchCriterion createUidCriterion(uint32_t uid, bool exclude = false) {
+    AudioMixMatchCriterion criterion;
+    criterion.mValue.mUid = uid;
+    criterion.mRule = exclude ? RULE_EXCLUDE_UID : RULE_MATCH_UID;
+    return criterion;
+}
+
+AudioMixMatchCriterion createUsageCriterion(audio_usage_t usage, bool exclude = false) {
+    AudioMixMatchCriterion criterion;
+    criterion.mValue.mUsage = usage;
+    criterion.mRule = exclude ? RULE_EXCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE : RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE;
+    return criterion;
+}
+
+AudioMixMatchCriterion createCapturePresetCriterion(audio_source_t source, bool exclude = false) {
+    AudioMixMatchCriterion criterion;
+    criterion.mValue.mSource = source;
+    criterion.mRule = exclude ?
+        RULE_EXCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_CAPTURE_PRESET : RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_CAPTURE_PRESET;
+    return criterion;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
 TEST(AudioPolicyManagerTestInit, EngineFailure) {
     AudioPolicyTestClient client;
     AudioPolicyTestManager manager(&client);
@@ -943,15 +969,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-using PolicyMixTuple = std::tuple<audio_usage_t, audio_source_t, uint32_t>;
-
 class AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy : public AudioPolicyManagerTestWithConfigurationFile {
 protected:
     void TearDown() override;
 
     status_t addPolicyMix(int mixType, int mixFlag, audio_devices_t deviceType,
             std::string mixAddress, const audio_config_t& audioConfig,
-            const std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>& rules);
+            const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& matchCriteria);
     void clearPolicyMix();
 
     Vector<AudioMix> mAudioMixes;
@@ -965,15 +989,8 @@
 
 status_t AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy::addPolicyMix(int mixType, int mixFlag,
         audio_devices_t deviceType, std::string mixAddress, const audio_config_t& audioConfig,
-        const std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>& rules) {
-    Vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> myMixMatchCriteria;
-
-    for(const auto &rule: rules) {
-        myMixMatchCriteria.add(AudioMixMatchCriterion(
-                std::get<0>(rule), std::get<1>(rule), std::get<2>(rule)));
-    }
-
-    AudioMix myAudioMix(myMixMatchCriteria, mixType, audioConfig, mixFlag,
+        const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& matchCriteria = {}) {
+    AudioMix myAudioMix(matchCriteria, mixType, audioConfig, mixFlag,
             String8(mixAddress.c_str()), 0);
     myAudioMix.mDeviceType = deviceType;
     // Clear mAudioMix before add new one to make sure we don't add already exist mixes.
@@ -1007,13 +1024,13 @@
 
     // Only capture of playback is allowed in LOOP_BACK &RENDER mode
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_RECORDERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK_AND_RENDER,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig, std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, ret);
 
     // Fail due to the device is already connected.
     clearPolicyMix();
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig, std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, ret);
 
     // The first time to register policy mixes with valid parameter should succeed.
@@ -1022,8 +1039,7 @@
     audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
     audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig,
-            std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
     // Registering the same policy mixes should fail.
     ret = mManager->registerPolicyMixes(mAudioMixes);
@@ -1034,19 +1050,19 @@
     // This will need to be updated if earpiece is added in the test configuration file.
     clearPolicyMix();
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_EARPIECE, "", audioConfig, std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_EARPIECE, "", audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, ret);
 
     // Registration should fail due to output not found.
     clearPolicyMix();
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig, std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, ret);
 
     // The first time to register valid policy mixes should succeed.
     clearPolicyMix();
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER, "", audioConfig, std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER, "", audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
     // Registering the same policy mixes should fail.
     ret = mManager->registerPolicyMixes(mAudioMixes);
@@ -1061,8 +1077,7 @@
     audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
     audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig,
-            std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
 
     // After successfully registering policy mixes, it should be able to unregister.
@@ -1075,6 +1090,37 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, ret);
 }
 
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy, RegisterPolicyWithConsistentMixSucceeds) {
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mixMatchCriteria = {
+        createUidCriterion(/*uid=*/42),
+        createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/true)};
+    status_t ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
+                                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig,
+                                mixMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy, RegisterPolicyWithInconsistentMixFails) {
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mixMatchCriteria = {
+        createUidCriterion(/*uid=*/42),
+        createUidCriterion(/*uid=*/1235, /*exclude=*/true),
+        createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/true)};
+    status_t ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
+                                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig,
+                                mixMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, ret);
+}
+
 class AudioPolicyManagerTestForHdmi
         : public AudioPolicyManagerTestWithConfigurationFile,
           public testing::WithParamInterface<audio_format_t> {
@@ -1299,7 +1345,7 @@
     audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
     audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig, std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, "", audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION, ret);
 
     ret = mManager->unregisterPolicyMixes(mAudioMixes);
@@ -1314,9 +1360,9 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<RecordingActivityTracker> mTracker;
 
-    std::vector<PolicyMixTuple> mUsageRules = {
-            {AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE},
-            {AUDIO_USAGE_ALARM, AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE}
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mUsageRules = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA),
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ALARM)
     };
 
     struct audio_port_v7 mInjectionPort;
@@ -1376,9 +1422,10 @@
     getOutputForAttr(&playbackRoutedPortId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
             k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE, nullptr /*output*/, nullptr /*portId*/,
             attr);
-    if (std::find_if(begin(mUsageRules), end(mUsageRules), [&usage](const auto &usageRule) {
-            return (std::get<0>(usageRule) == usage) &&
-            (std::get<2>(usageRule) == RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE);}) != end(mUsageRules) ||
+    if (std::find_if(begin(mUsageRules), end(mUsageRules),
+                [&usage](const AudioMixMatchCriterion &c) {
+                              return c.mRule == RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_USAGE &&
+                                     c.mValue.mUsage == usage;}) != end(mUsageRules) ||
             (strncmp(attr.tags, "addr=", strlen("addr=")) == 0 &&
                     strncmp(attr.tags + strlen("addr="), mMixAddress.c_str(),
                     AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_TAGS_MAX_SIZE - strlen("addr=") - 1) == 0)) {
@@ -1499,10 +1546,10 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<RecordingActivityTracker> mTracker;
 
-    std::vector<PolicyMixTuple> mSourceRules = {
-        {AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_SOURCE_CAMCORDER, RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_CAPTURE_PRESET},
-        {AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_SOURCE_MIC, RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_CAPTURE_PRESET},
-        {AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION, RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_CAPTURE_PRESET}
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mSourceRules = {
+        createCapturePresetCriterion(AUDIO_SOURCE_CAMCORDER),
+        createCapturePresetCriterion(AUDIO_SOURCE_MIC),
+        createCapturePresetCriterion(AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION)
     };
 
     struct audio_port_v7 mExtractionPort;
@@ -1562,9 +1609,10 @@
     audio_port_handle_t portId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
     getInputForAttr(attr, mTracker->getRiid(), &captureRoutedPortId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT,
             AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE, &portId);
-    if (std::find_if(begin(mSourceRules), end(mSourceRules), [&source](const auto &sourceRule) {
-            return (std::get<1>(sourceRule) == source) &&
-            (std::get<2>(sourceRule) == RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_CAPTURE_PRESET);})
+    if (std::find_if(begin(mSourceRules), end(mSourceRules),
+               [&source](const AudioMixMatchCriterion &c) {
+            return c.mRule == RULE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE_CAPTURE_PRESET &&
+                   c.mValue.mSource == source;})
             != end(mSourceRules)) {
         EXPECT_EQ(mExtractionPort.id, captureRoutedPortId);
     } else {
@@ -1801,7 +1849,7 @@
     audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
     const std::string kTestBusMediaOutput = "bus0_media_out";
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, kTestBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, std::vector<PolicyMixTuple>());
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, kTestBusMediaOutput, audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
 
     audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
index 09bb5a1..bc8981e 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,10 @@
 // Set to keep track of logged service error events.
 static std::set<String8> sServiceErrorEventSet;
 
-CameraService::CameraService() :
+CameraService::CameraService(
+        std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> cameraServiceProxyWrapper) :
+        mCameraServiceProxyWrapper(cameraServiceProxyWrapper == nullptr ?
+                std::make_shared<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>() : cameraServiceProxyWrapper),
         mEventLog(DEFAULT_EVENT_LOG_LENGTH),
         mNumberOfCameras(0),
         mNumberOfCamerasWithoutSystemCamera(0),
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@
 
     // This needs to be last call in this function, so that it's as close to
     // ServiceManager::addService() as possible.
-    CameraServiceProxyWrapper::pingCameraServiceProxy();
+    mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->pingCameraServiceProxy();
     ALOGI("CameraService pinged cameraservice proxy");
 }
 
@@ -269,7 +272,10 @@
                     cameraId.c_str());
             continue;
         }
-        i->getListener()->onTorchStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status), String16{cameraId});
+        auto ret = i->getListener()->onTorchStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status),
+                String16{cameraId});
+        i->handleBinderStatus(ret, "%s: Failed to trigger onTorchStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
+                __FUNCTION__, i->getListenerUid(), i->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -538,8 +544,12 @@
                         id.c_str());
                 continue;
             }
-            listener->getListener()->onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(mapToInterface(newStatus),
-                    id16, physicalId16);
+            auto ret = listener->getListener()->onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(
+                    mapToInterface(newStatus), id16, physicalId16);
+            listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
+                    "%s: Failed to trigger onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
+                    __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(), listener->getListenerPid(),
+                    ret.exceptionCode());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -580,8 +590,11 @@
         int32_t newStrengthLevel) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mStatusListenerLock);
     for (auto& i : mListenerList) {
-        i->getListener()->onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(String16{cameraId},
+        auto ret = i->getListener()->onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(String16{cameraId},
                 newStrengthLevel);
+        i->handleBinderStatus(ret,
+                "%s: Failed to trigger onTorchStrengthLevelChanged for %d:%d: %d", __FUNCTION__,
+                i->getListenerUid(), i->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -973,15 +986,16 @@
     }
     if (effectiveApiLevel == API_1) { // Camera1 API route
         sp<ICameraClient> tmp = static_cast<ICameraClient*>(cameraCb.get());
-        *client = new Camera2Client(cameraService, tmp, packageName, featureId,
-                cameraId, api1CameraId, facing, sensorOrientation, clientPid, clientUid,
-                servicePid, overrideForPerfClass);
+        *client = new Camera2Client(cameraService, tmp, cameraService->mCameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+                packageName, featureId, cameraId, api1CameraId, facing, sensorOrientation,
+                clientPid, clientUid, servicePid, overrideForPerfClass);
     } else { // Camera2 API route
         sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks> tmp =
                 static_cast<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks*>(cameraCb.get());
-        *client = new CameraDeviceClient(cameraService, tmp, packageName,
-                systemNativeClient, featureId, cameraId, facing, sensorOrientation,
-                clientPid, clientUid, servicePid, overrideForPerfClass);
+        *client = new CameraDeviceClient(cameraService, tmp,
+                cameraService->mCameraServiceProxyWrapper, packageName, systemNativeClient,
+                featureId, cameraId, facing, sensorOrientation, clientPid, clientUid, servicePid,
+                overrideForPerfClass);
     }
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -1704,7 +1718,7 @@
         clientUserId = multiuser_get_user_id(callingUid);
     }
 
-    if (CameraServiceProxyWrapper::isCameraDisabled(clientUserId)) {
+    if (mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->isCameraDisabled(clientUserId)) {
         String8 msg =
                 String8::format("Camera disabled by device policy");
         ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.string());
@@ -1713,7 +1727,8 @@
 
     // enforce system camera permissions
     if (oomScoreOffset > 0 &&
-            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(callingPid, CameraThreadState::getCallingUid())) {
+            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(callingPid, CameraThreadState::getCallingUid()) &&
+            !isTrustedCallingUid(CameraThreadState::getCallingUid())) {
         String8 msg =
                 String8::format("Cannot change the priority of a client %s pid %d for "
                         "camera id %s without SYSTEM_CAMERA permissions",
@@ -1915,7 +1930,7 @@
             client->setRotateAndCropOverride(mOverrideRotateAndCropMode);
         } else {
           client->setRotateAndCropOverride(
-              CameraServiceProxyWrapper::getRotateAndCropOverride(
+              mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->getRotateAndCropOverride(
                   clientPackageName, facing, multiuser_get_user_id(clientUid)));
         }
 
@@ -1965,7 +1980,7 @@
     device = client;
 
     int32_t openLatencyMs = ns2ms(systemTime() - openTimeNs);
-    CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logOpen(cameraId, facing, clientPackageName,
+    mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logOpen(cameraId, facing, clientPackageName,
             effectiveApiLevel, isNonSystemNdk, openLatencyMs);
 
     {
@@ -2391,10 +2406,8 @@
 
     for (const auto& it : mListenerList) {
         auto ret = it->getListener()->onCameraAccessPrioritiesChanged();
-        if (!ret.isOk()) {
-            ALOGE("%s: Failed to trigger permission callback: %d", __FUNCTION__,
-                    ret.exceptionCode());
-        }
+        it->handleBinderStatus(ret, "%s: Failed to trigger permission callback for %d:%d: %d",
+                __FUNCTION__, it->getListenerUid(), it->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -2453,7 +2466,7 @@
             const auto basicClient = current->getValue();
             if (basicClient.get() != nullptr) {
               basicClient->setRotateAndCropOverride(
-                  CameraServiceProxyWrapper::getRotateAndCropOverride(
+                  mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->getRotateAndCropOverride(
                       basicClient->getPackageName(),
                       basicClient->getCameraFacing(),
                       multiuser_get_user_id(basicClient->getClientUid())));
@@ -4656,8 +4669,12 @@
                             cameraId.c_str());
                     continue;
                 }
-                listener->getListener()->onStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status),
+                auto ret = listener->getListener()->onStatusChanged(mapToInterface(status),
                         String16(cameraId));
+                listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
+                        "%s: Failed to trigger onStatusChanged callback for %d:%d: %d",
+                        __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(), listener->getListenerPid(),
+                        ret.exceptionCode());
             }
         });
 }
@@ -4690,10 +4707,10 @@
         } else {
             ret = it->getListener()->onCameraClosed(cameraId64);
         }
-        if (!ret.isOk()) {
-            ALOGE("%s: Failed to trigger onCameraOpened/onCameraClosed callback: %d", __FUNCTION__,
-                    ret.exceptionCode());
-        }
+
+        it->handleBinderStatus(ret,
+                "%s: Failed to trigger onCameraOpened/onCameraClosed callback for %d:%d: %d",
+                __FUNCTION__, it->getListenerUid(), it->getListenerPid(), ret.exceptionCode());
     }
 }
 
@@ -4794,8 +4811,12 @@
                         String8(physicalCameraId).c_str());
                 continue;
             }
-            listener->getListener()->onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(status,
+            auto ret = listener->getListener()->onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(status,
                     logicalCameraId, physicalCameraId);
+            listener->handleBinderStatus(ret,
+                    "%s: Failed to trigger onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged for %d:%d: %d",
+                    __FUNCTION__, listener->getListenerUid(), listener->getListenerPid(),
+                    ret.exceptionCode());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
index c645c28..0395475 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #include "utils/AutoConditionLock.h"
 #include "utils/ClientManager.h"
 #include "utils/IPCTransport.h"
+#include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
@@ -100,7 +101,10 @@
     // Implementation of BinderService<T>
     static char const* getServiceName() { return "media.camera"; }
 
-                        CameraService();
+                        // Non-null arguments for cameraServiceProxyWrapper should be provided for
+                        // testing purposes only.
+                        CameraService(std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>
+                                cameraServiceProxyWrapper = nullptr);
     virtual             ~CameraService();
 
     /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -772,6 +776,8 @@
 
     sp<SensorPrivacyPolicy> mSensorPrivacyPolicy;
 
+    std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> mCameraServiceProxyWrapper;
+
     // Delay-load the Camera HAL module
     virtual void onFirstRef();
 
@@ -1058,6 +1064,29 @@
                 return IInterface::asBinder(mListener)->linkToDeath(this);
             }
 
+            template<typename... args_t>
+            void handleBinderStatus(const binder::Status &ret, const char *logOnError,
+                    args_t... args) {
+                if (!ret.isOk() &&
+                        (ret.exceptionCode() != binder::Status::Exception::EX_TRANSACTION_FAILED
+                        || !mLastTransactFailed)) {
+                    ALOGE(logOnError, args...);
+                }
+
+                // If the transaction failed, the process may have died (or other things, see
+                // b/28321379). Mute consecutive errors from this listener to avoid log spam.
+                if (ret.exceptionCode() == binder::Status::Exception::EX_TRANSACTION_FAILED) {
+                    if (!mLastTransactFailed) {
+                        ALOGE("%s: Muting similar errors from listener %d:%d", __FUNCTION__,
+                                mListenerUid, mListenerPid);
+                    }
+                    mLastTransactFailed = true;
+                } else {
+                    // Reset mLastTransactFailed when binder becomes healthy again.
+                    mLastTransactFailed = false;
+                }
+            }
+
             virtual void binderDied(const wp<IBinder> &/*who*/) {
                 auto parent = mParent.promote();
                 if (parent.get() != nullptr) {
@@ -1078,6 +1107,9 @@
             int mListenerPid = -1;
             bool mIsVendorListener = false;
             bool mOpenCloseCallbackAllowed = false;
+
+            // Flag for preventing log spam when binder becomes unhealthy
+            bool mLastTransactFailed = false;
     };
 
     // Guarded by mStatusListenerMutex
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.cpp
index e101dd3..74497d1 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@
             tidToCycleCounterMap[currentThreadId]++;
 
             if (tidToCycleCounterMap[currentThreadId] >= mMaxCycles) {
-                ALOGW("CameraServiceWatchdog triggering abort for pid: %d", getpid());
+                ALOGW("CameraServiceWatchdog triggering abort for pid: %d tid: %d", getpid(),
+                        currentThreadId);
                 // We use abort here so we can get a tombstone for better
                 // debugging.
                 abort();
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp
index 20bf73d..88f27de 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 
 Camera2Client::Camera2Client(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
         const sp<hardware::ICameraClient>& cameraClient,
+        std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
         const String16& clientPackageName,
         const std::optional<String16>& clientFeatureId,
         const String8& cameraDeviceId,
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@
         uid_t clientUid,
         int servicePid,
         bool overrideForPerfClass):
-        Camera2ClientBase(cameraService, cameraClient, clientPackageName,
+        Camera2ClientBase(cameraService, cameraClient, cameraServiceProxyWrapper, clientPackageName,
                 false/*systemNativeClient - since no ndk for api1*/, clientFeatureId,
                 cameraDeviceId, api1CameraId, cameraFacing, sensorOrientation, clientPid,
                 clientUid, servicePid, overrideForPerfClass, /*legacyClient*/ true),
@@ -139,28 +140,53 @@
     mFrameProcessor = new FrameProcessor(mDevice, this);
     threadName = String8::format("C2-%d-FrameProc",
             mCameraId);
-    mFrameProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    res = mFrameProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start frame processor thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     mCaptureSequencer = new CaptureSequencer(this);
     threadName = String8::format("C2-%d-CaptureSeq",
             mCameraId);
-    mCaptureSequencer->run(threadName.string());
+    res = mCaptureSequencer->run(threadName.string());
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start capture sequencer thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     mJpegProcessor = new JpegProcessor(this, mCaptureSequencer);
     threadName = String8::format("C2-%d-JpegProc",
             mCameraId);
-    mJpegProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    res = mJpegProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start jpeg processor thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     mZslProcessor = new ZslProcessor(this, mCaptureSequencer);
 
     threadName = String8::format("C2-%d-ZslProc",
             mCameraId);
-    mZslProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    res = mZslProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start zsl processor thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     mCallbackProcessor = new CallbackProcessor(this);
     threadName = String8::format("C2-%d-CallbkProc",
             mCameraId);
-    mCallbackProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    res = mCallbackProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start callback processor thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     if (gLogLevel >= 1) {
         SharedParameters::Lock l(mParameters);
@@ -478,7 +504,7 @@
     CameraService::Client::disconnect();
 
     int32_t closeLatencyMs = ns2ms(systemTime() - startTime);
-    CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logClose(mCameraIdStr, closeLatencyMs);
+    mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logClose(mCameraIdStr, closeLatencyMs);
 
     return res;
 }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.h
index 8081efa..fe91cba 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.h
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
 
     Camera2Client(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
             const sp<hardware::ICameraClient>& cameraClient,
+            std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
             const String16& clientPackageName,
             const std::optional<String16>& clientFeatureId,
             const String8& cameraDeviceId,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
index 15df981..ba26ac4 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 #include "device3/Camera3Device.h"
 #include "device3/Camera3OutputStream.h"
 #include "api2/CameraDeviceClient.h"
-#include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 
 #include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
 
@@ -87,6 +86,7 @@
 
 CameraDeviceClient::CameraDeviceClient(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
         const sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks>& remoteCallback,
+        std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
         const String16& clientPackageName,
         bool systemNativeClient,
         const std::optional<String16>& clientFeatureId,
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@
         uid_t clientUid,
         int servicePid,
         bool overrideForPerfClass) :
-    Camera2ClientBase(cameraService, remoteCallback, clientPackageName, systemNativeClient,
-                clientFeatureId, cameraId, /*API1 camera ID*/ -1, cameraFacing, sensorOrientation,
-                clientPid, clientUid, servicePid, overrideForPerfClass),
+    Camera2ClientBase(cameraService, remoteCallback, cameraServiceProxyWrapper, clientPackageName,
+            systemNativeClient, clientFeatureId, cameraId, /*API1 camera ID*/ -1, cameraFacing,
+            sensorOrientation, clientPid, clientUid, servicePid, overrideForPerfClass),
     mInputStream(),
     mStreamingRequestId(REQUEST_ID_NONE),
     mRequestIdCounter(0),
@@ -127,7 +127,12 @@
     String8 threadName;
     mFrameProcessor = new FrameProcessorBase(mDevice);
     threadName = String8::format("CDU-%s-FrameProc", mCameraIdStr.string());
-    mFrameProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    res = mFrameProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start frame processor thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     mFrameProcessor->registerListener(camera2::FrameProcessorBase::FRAME_PROCESSOR_LISTENER_MIN_ID,
                                       camera2::FrameProcessorBase::FRAME_PROCESSOR_LISTENER_MAX_ID,
@@ -692,7 +697,7 @@
 
         nsecs_t configureEnd = systemTime();
         int32_t configureDurationMs = ns2ms(configureEnd) - startTimeMs;
-        CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logStreamConfigured(mCameraIdStr, operatingMode,
+        mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logStreamConfigured(mCameraIdStr, operatingMode,
                 false /*internalReconfig*/, configureDurationMs);
     }
 
@@ -2061,7 +2066,7 @@
     Camera2ClientBase::detachDevice();
 
     int32_t closeLatencyMs = ns2ms(systemTime() - startTime);
-    CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logClose(mCameraIdStr, closeLatencyMs);
+    mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logClose(mCameraIdStr, closeLatencyMs);
 }
 
 /** Device-related methods */
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
index 45915ba..06844c6 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "common/FrameProcessorBase.h"
 #include "common/Camera2ClientBase.h"
 #include "CompositeStream.h"
+#include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 #include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 
 using android::camera3::OutputStreamInfo;
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@
 
     CameraDeviceClient(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
             const sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks>& remoteCallback,
+            std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
             const String16& clientPackageName,
             bool clientPackageOverride,
             const std::optional<String16>& clientFeatureId,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
index beb655b..4d4d481 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,12 @@
     String8 threadName;
     mFrameProcessor = new camera2::FrameProcessorBase(mOfflineSession);
     threadName = String8::format("Offline-%s-FrameProc", mCameraIdStr.string());
-    mFrameProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    res = mFrameProcessor->run(threadName.string());
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start frame processor thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     mFrameProcessor->registerListener(camera2::FrameProcessorBase::FRAME_PROCESSOR_LISTENER_MIN_ID,
                                       camera2::FrameProcessorBase::FRAME_PROCESSOR_LISTENER_MAX_ID,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
index a3d24ff..f926b88 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 #include "device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h"
 #include "device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.h"
 #include "utils/CameraThreadState.h"
-#include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -51,6 +50,7 @@
 Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::Camera2ClientBase(
         const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
         const sp<TCamCallbacks>& remoteCallback,
+        std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
         const String16& clientPackageName,
         bool systemNativeClient,
         const std::optional<String16>& clientFeatureId,
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
                 clientFeatureId, cameraId, api1CameraId, cameraFacing, sensorOrientation, clientPid,
                 clientUid, servicePid),
         mSharedCameraCallbacks(remoteCallback),
+        mCameraServiceProxyWrapper(cameraServiceProxyWrapper),
         mDeviceActive(false), mApi1CameraId(api1CameraId)
 {
     ALOGI("Camera %s: Opened. Client: %s (PID %d, UID %d)", cameraId.string(),
@@ -104,11 +105,6 @@
           TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.string());
     status_t res;
 
-    // Verify ops permissions
-    res = TClientBase::startCameraOps();
-    if (res != OK) {
-        return res;
-    }
     IPCTransport providerTransport = IPCTransport::INVALID;
     res = providerPtr->getCameraIdIPCTransport(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.string(),
             &providerTransport);
@@ -118,13 +114,13 @@
     switch (providerTransport) {
         case IPCTransport::HIDL:
             mDevice =
-                    new HidlCamera3Device(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr, mOverrideForPerfClass,
-                            mLegacyClient);
+                    new HidlCamera3Device(mCameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+                            TClientBase::mCameraIdStr, mOverrideForPerfClass, mLegacyClient);
             break;
         case IPCTransport::AIDL:
             mDevice =
-                    new AidlCamera3Device(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr, mOverrideForPerfClass,
-                            mLegacyClient);
+                    new AidlCamera3Device(mCameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+                            TClientBase::mCameraIdStr, mOverrideForPerfClass, mLegacyClient);
              break;
         default:
             ALOGE("%s Invalid transport for camera id %s", __FUNCTION__,
@@ -144,12 +140,30 @@
         return res;
     }
 
+    // Verify ops permissions
+    res = TClientBase::startCameraOps();
+    if (res != OK) {
+        TClientBase::finishCameraOps();
+        mDevice.clear();
+        return res;
+    }
+
     wp<NotificationListener> weakThis(this);
     res = mDevice->setNotifyCallback(weakThis);
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Camera %s: Unable to set notify callback: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.string(), strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     /** Start watchdog thread */
     mCameraServiceWatchdog = new CameraServiceWatchdog();
-    mCameraServiceWatchdog->run("Camera2ClientBaseWatchdog");
+    res = mCameraServiceWatchdog->run("Camera2ClientBaseWatchdog");
+    if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start camera service watchdog thread: %s (%d)",
+                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
 
     return OK;
 }
@@ -167,8 +181,8 @@
         mCameraServiceWatchdog.clear();
     }
 
-    ALOGI("Closed Camera %s. Client was: %s (PID %d, UID %u)",
-            TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.string(),
+    ALOGI("%s: Client object's dtor for Camera Id %s completed. Client was: %s (PID %d, UID %u)",
+            __FUNCTION__, TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.string(),
             String8(TClientBase::mClientPackageName).string(),
             mInitialClientPid, TClientBase::mClientUid);
 }
@@ -346,7 +360,7 @@
                     TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.string(), res);
             return res;
         }
-        CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logActive(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr, maxPreviewFps);
+        mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logActive(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr, maxPreviewFps);
     }
     mDeviceActive = true;
 
@@ -365,7 +379,7 @@
             ALOGE("%s: Camera %s: Error finishing streaming ops: %d", __FUNCTION__,
                     TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.string(), res);
         }
-        CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logIdle(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr,
+        mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logIdle(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr,
                 requestCount, resultErrorCount, deviceError, userTag, videoStabilizationMode,
                 streamStats);
     }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
index 3af781b..6e37589 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "common/CameraDeviceBase.h"
 #include "camera/CaptureResult.h"
+#include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 #include "CameraServiceWatchdog.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
     // TODO: too many params, move into a ClientArgs<T>
     Camera2ClientBase(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
                       const sp<TCamCallbacks>& remoteCallback,
+                      std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
                       const String16& clientPackageName,
                       bool systemNativeClient,
                       const std::optional<String16>& clientFeatureId,
@@ -136,6 +138,7 @@
     pid_t mInitialClientPid;
     bool mOverrideForPerfClass = false;
     bool mLegacyClient = false;
+    std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> mCameraServiceProxyWrapper;
 
     virtual sp<IBinder> asBinderWrapper() {
         return IInterface::asBinder(this);
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
index d9678f7..644f682 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@
 #include "utils/CameraThreadState.h"
 #include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 #include "utils/TraceHFR.h"
-#include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <tuple>
@@ -73,7 +72,9 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-Camera3Device::Camera3Device(const String8 &id, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool legacyClient):
+Camera3Device::Camera3Device(std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>& cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+        const String8 &id, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool legacyClient):
+        mCameraServiceProxyWrapper(cameraServiceProxyWrapper),
         mId(id),
         mLegacyClient(legacyClient),
         mOperatingMode(NO_MODE),
@@ -1511,6 +1512,7 @@
           maxExpectedDuration);
     status_t res = waitUntilStateThenRelock(/*active*/ false, maxExpectedDuration);
     if (res != OK) {
+        mStatusTracker->dumpActiveComponents();
         SET_ERR_L("Can't idle device in %f seconds!",
                 maxExpectedDuration/1e9);
     }
@@ -2230,7 +2232,6 @@
     if (mStatus == STATUS_ACTIVE) {
         markClientActive = true;
         mPauseStateNotify = true;
-        mStatusTracker->markComponentIdle(clientStatusId, Fence::NO_FENCE);
 
         rc = internalPauseAndWaitLocked(maxExpectedDuration);
     }
@@ -2262,7 +2263,7 @@
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to pause streaming: %d", __FUNCTION__, rc);
     }
 
-    CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logStreamConfigured(mId, mOperatingMode, true /*internalReconfig*/,
+    mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logStreamConfigured(mId, mOperatingMode, true /*internalReconfig*/,
         ns2ms(systemTime() - startTime));
 
     if (markClientActive) {
@@ -3447,6 +3448,10 @@
         if (res == OK) {
             sp<Camera3Device> parent = mParent.promote();
             if (parent != nullptr) {
+                sp<StatusTracker> statusTracker = mStatusTracker.promote();
+                if (statusTracker != nullptr) {
+                    statusTracker->markComponentIdle(mStatusId, Fence::NO_FENCE);
+                }
                 mReconfigured |= parent->reconfigureCamera(mLatestSessionParams, mStatusId);
             }
             setPaused(false);
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
index db2ad17..d757eb9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 #include "utils/TagMonitor.h"
 #include "utils/IPCTransport.h"
 #include "utils/LatencyHistogram.h"
+#include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 #include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
 
 using android::camera3::camera_capture_request_t;
@@ -82,7 +83,8 @@
   friend class AidlCamera3Device;
   public:
 
-    explicit Camera3Device(const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool legacyClient = false);
+    explicit Camera3Device(std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>& cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+            const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool legacyClient = false);
 
     virtual ~Camera3Device();
     // Delete and optionally close native handles and clear the input vector afterward
@@ -325,6 +327,8 @@
     // Constant to use for stream ID when one doesn't exist
     static const int           NO_STREAM = -1;
 
+    std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> mCameraServiceProxyWrapper;
+
     // A lock to enforce serialization on the input/configure side
     // of the public interface.
     // Not locked by methods guarded by mOutputLock, since they may act
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputStream.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputStream.cpp
index 69163a5..5a1ee9b 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputStream.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputStream.cpp
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
     status_t res =
             gbLocker.lockAsync(
                     GraphicBuffer::USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN | GraphicBuffer::USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY,
-                    &mapped, fenceFd.get());
+                    &mapped, fenceFd.release());
     if (res != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock the buffer: %s (%d)", __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
         return res;
@@ -507,10 +507,6 @@
         mStreamUnpreparable = true;
     }
 
-    if (res != OK) {
-        close(anwReleaseFence);
-    }
-
     *releaseFenceOut = releaseFence;
 
     return res;
@@ -702,7 +698,8 @@
             mTotalBufferCount ++;
             res = mPreviewFrameSpacer->run(String8::format("PreviewSpacer-%d", mId).string());
             if (res != OK) {
-                ALOGE("%s: Unable to start preview spacer", __FUNCTION__);
+                ALOGE("%s: Unable to start preview spacer: %s (%d)", __FUNCTION__,
+                        strerror(-res), res);
                 return res;
             }
         }
@@ -1308,7 +1305,7 @@
     void* mapped = nullptr;
     base::unique_fd fenceFd(dup(fence));
     status_t res = graphicBuffer->lockAsync(GraphicBuffer::USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN, &mapped,
-            fenceFd.get());
+            fenceFd.release());
     if (res != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock the buffer: %s (%d)", __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
         return;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
index f4e3fad..5d3da45 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
@@ -128,12 +128,41 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+void correctMeteringRegions(camera_metadata_t *meta) {
+    if (meta == nullptr) return;
+
+    uint32_t meteringRegionKeys[] = {
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_REGIONS,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_REGIONS,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_REGIONS };
+
+    for (uint32_t key : meteringRegionKeys) {
+        camera_metadata_entry_t entry;
+        int res = find_camera_metadata_entry(meta, key, &entry);
+        if (res != OK) continue;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < entry.count; i += 5) {
+            if (entry.data.i32[0] > entry.data.i32[2]) {
+                ALOGW("%s: Invalid metering region (%d): left: %d, right: %d",
+                        __FUNCTION__, key, entry.data.i32[0], entry.data.i32[2]);
+                entry.data.i32[2] = entry.data.i32[0];
+            }
+            if (entry.data.i32[1] > entry.data.i32[3]) {
+                ALOGW("%s: Invalid metering region (%d): top: %d, bottom: %d",
+                        __FUNCTION__, key, entry.data.i32[1], entry.data.i32[3]);
+                entry.data.i32[3] = entry.data.i32[1];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void insertResultLocked(CaptureOutputStates& states, CaptureResult *result, uint32_t frameNumber) {
     if (result == nullptr) return;
 
     camera_metadata_t *meta = const_cast<camera_metadata_t *>(
             result->mMetadata.getAndLock());
     set_camera_metadata_vendor_id(meta, states.vendorTagId);
+    correctMeteringRegions(meta);
     result->mMetadata.unlock(meta);
 
     if (result->mMetadata.update(ANDROID_REQUEST_FRAME_COUNT,
@@ -152,6 +181,7 @@
         camera_metadata_t *pmeta = const_cast<camera_metadata_t *>(
                 physicalMetadata.mPhysicalCameraMetadata.getAndLock());
         set_camera_metadata_vendor_id(pmeta, states.vendorTagId);
+        correctMeteringRegions(pmeta);
         physicalMetadata.mPhysicalCameraMetadata.unlock(pmeta);
     }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp
index 27b00c9..515259e 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp
@@ -354,17 +354,8 @@
             if (weight == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
-            // Top left (inclusive)
-            scaleCoordinates(entry.data.i32 + j, 1, zoomRatio, true /*clamp*/, arrayWidth,
+            scaleRegion(entry.data.i32 + j, zoomRatio, arrayWidth,
                     arrayHeight);
-            // Bottom right (exclusive): Use adjacent inclusive pixel to
-            // calculate.
-            entry.data.i32[j+2] -= 1;
-            entry.data.i32[j+3] -= 1;
-            scaleCoordinates(entry.data.i32 + j + 2, 1, zoomRatio, true /*clamp*/, arrayWidth,
-                    arrayHeight);
-            entry.data.i32[j+2] += 1;
-            entry.data.i32[j+3] += 1;
         }
     }
 
@@ -401,17 +392,8 @@
             if (weight == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
-            // Top-left (inclusive)
-            scaleCoordinates(entry.data.i32 + j, 1, 1.0 / zoomRatio, true /*clamp*/, arrayWidth,
+            scaleRegion(entry.data.i32 + j, 1.0 / zoomRatio, arrayWidth,
                     arrayHeight);
-            // Bottom-right (exclusive): Use adjacent inclusive pixel to
-            // calculate.
-            entry.data.i32[j+2] -= 1;
-            entry.data.i32[j+3] -= 1;
-            scaleCoordinates(entry.data.i32 + j + 2, 1, 1.0 / zoomRatio, true /*clamp*/, arrayWidth,
-                    arrayHeight);
-            entry.data.i32[j+2] += 1;
-            entry.data.i32[j+3] += 1;
         }
     }
     for (auto rect : kRectsToCorrect) {
@@ -470,6 +452,24 @@
     }
 }
 
+void ZoomRatioMapper::scaleRegion(int32_t* region, float scaleRatio,
+        int32_t arrayWidth, int32_t arrayHeight) {
+    // Top-left (inclusive)
+    scaleCoordinates(region, 1, scaleRatio, true /*clamp*/, arrayWidth,
+            arrayHeight);
+    // Bottom-right (exclusive): Use adjacent inclusive pixel to
+    // calculate.
+    region[2] -= 1;
+    region[3] -= 1;
+    scaleCoordinates(region + 2, 1, scaleRatio, true /*clamp*/, arrayWidth,
+            arrayHeight);
+    region[2] += 1;
+    region[3] += 1;
+    // Make sure bottom-right >= top-left
+    region[2] = std::max(region[0], region[2]);
+    region[3] = std::max(region[1], region[3]);
+}
+
 void ZoomRatioMapper::scaleRects(int32_t* rects, int rectCount,
         float scaleRatio, int32_t arrayWidth, int32_t arrayHeight) {
     for (int i = 0; i < rectCount * 4; i += 4) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.h
index b7a9e41..1aa8e78 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.h
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@
   public: // Visible for testing. Do not use concurently.
     void scaleCoordinates(int32_t* coordPairs, int coordCount,
             float scaleRatio, bool clamp, int32_t arrayWidth, int32_t arrayHeight);
+    void scaleRegion(int32_t* region, float scaleRatio,
+            int32_t arrayWidth, int32_t arrayHeight);
 
     bool isValid() { return mIsValid; }
   private:
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp
index f05520f..973bc04 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp
@@ -161,9 +161,11 @@
     return (uint64_t)usage;
 }
 
-AidlCamera3Device::AidlCamera3Device(const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass,
-            bool legacyClient) : Camera3Device(id, overrideForPerfClass, legacyClient) {
-        mCallbacks = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<AidlCameraDeviceCallbacks>(this);
+AidlCamera3Device::AidlCamera3Device(
+        std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>& cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+        const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool legacyClient) :
+        Camera3Device(cameraServiceProxyWrapper, id, overrideForPerfClass, legacyClient) {
+    mCallbacks = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<AidlCameraDeviceCallbacks>(this);
 }
 
 status_t AidlCamera3Device::initialize(sp<CameraProviderManager> manager,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h
index d20a7eb..ecf42b4 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@
     using AidlRequestMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>;
     class AidlCameraDeviceCallbacks;
     friend class AidlCameraDeviceCallbacks;
-    explicit AidlCamera3Device(const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass,
-            bool legacyClient = false);
+    explicit AidlCamera3Device(
+            std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>& cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+            const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool legacyClient = false);
 
     virtual ~AidlCamera3Device() { }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.h
index 2e98fe0..faac83f 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.h
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@
             public Camera3Device {
   public:
 
-   explicit HidlCamera3Device(const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass,
-          bool legacyClient = false) : Camera3Device(id, overrideForPerfClass, legacyClient) { }
+   explicit HidlCamera3Device(std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>& cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
+        const String8& id, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool legacyClient = false) :
+        Camera3Device(cameraServiceProxyWrapper, id, overrideForPerfClass, legacyClient) { }
 
     virtual ~HidlCamera3Device() {}
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h
index d3377f4..74b3700 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h
@@ -31,47 +31,47 @@
 std::map<int, std::vector<camera_metadata_tag>> static_api_level_to_keys{
       {30, {
           ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_EXTENDED_SCENE_MODE_MAX_SIZES,
+          ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_EXTENDED_SCENE_MODE_ZOOM_RATIO_RANGES,
           ANDROID_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO_RANGE,
           ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_ROTATE_AND_CROP_MODES,
-          ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_EXTENDED_SCENE_MODE_ZOOM_RATIO_RANGES,
         } },
       {31, {
-          ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PIXEL_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_INPUT_OUTPUT_FORMATS_MAP_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_HEIC_AVAILABLE_HEIC_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_DEPTH_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
           ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_HIGH_SPEED_VIDEO_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_HEIC_AVAILABLE_HEIC_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SCALER_PHYSICAL_CAMERA_MULTI_RESOLUTION_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
-          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SCALER_MULTI_RESOLUTION_STREAM_SUPPORTED,
-          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_DEPTH_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
           ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_LENS_DISTORTION_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SCALER_DEFAULT_SECURE_IMAGE_SIZE,
+          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_DEPTH_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_DEPTH_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
           ANDROID_HEIC_AVAILABLE_HEIC_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
-          ANDROID_SENSOR_OPAQUE_RAW_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_HEIC_AVAILABLE_HEIC_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_HEIC_AVAILABLE_HEIC_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_LENS_DISTORTION_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_INPUT_OUTPUT_FORMATS_MAP_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_SCALER_DEFAULT_SECURE_IMAGE_SIZE,
+          ANDROID_SCALER_MULTI_RESOLUTION_STREAM_SUPPORTED,
+          ANDROID_SCALER_PHYSICAL_CAMERA_MULTI_RESOLUTION_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+          ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
           ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_BINNING_FACTOR,
+          ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PIXEL_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
+          ANDROID_SENSOR_OPAQUE_RAW_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
         } },
       {32, {
           ANDROID_INFO_DEVICE_STATE_ORIENTATIONS,
         } },
       {33, {
-          ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL,
           ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LENS_FACING,
           ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION,
+          ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL,
+          ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_STRENGTH_MAXIMUM_LEVEL,
+          ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_RANGE_PROFILES_MAP,
           ANDROID_REQUEST_RECOMMENDED_TEN_BIT_DYNAMIC_RANGE_PROFILE,
           ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES,
-          ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_DYNAMIC_RANGE_PROFILES_MAP,
-          ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_STRENGTH_MAXIMUM_LEVEL,
         } },
 };
 
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@
  */
 std::map<int, std::vector<camera_metadata_tag>> dynamic_api_level_to_keys{
       {30, {
+          ANDROID_CONTROL_EXTENDED_SCENE_MODE,
           ANDROID_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO,
           ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP,
-          ANDROID_CONTROL_EXTENDED_SCENE_MODE,
         }  },
       {31, {
           ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp
index e43b91f..d909624 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
     fuzz_config: {
         cc: [
             "android-media-fuzzing-reports@google.com",
+            "android-camera-fwk-eng@google.com",
         ],
         componentid: 155276,
         libfuzzer_options: [
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp
index 97d7bf4..71c26ea 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/camera_service_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -111,12 +111,15 @@
     size_t mPreviewBufferCount = 0;
     bool mAutoFocusMessage = false;
     bool mSnapshotNotification = false;
+    bool mRecordingNotification = false;
     mutable Mutex mPreviewLock;
     mutable Condition mPreviewCondition;
     mutable Mutex mAutoFocusLock;
     mutable Condition mAutoFocusCondition;
     mutable Mutex mSnapshotLock;
     mutable Condition mSnapshotCondition;
+    mutable Mutex mRecordingLock;
+    mutable Condition mRecordingCondition;
 
     void getNumCameras();
     void getCameraInformation(int32_t cameraId);
@@ -125,6 +128,7 @@
     void invokeDump();
     void invokeShellCommand();
     void invokeNotifyCalls();
+    void invokeTorchAPIs(int32_t cameraId);
 
     // CameraClient interface
     void notifyCallback(int32_t msgType, int32_t, int32_t) override;
@@ -152,6 +156,8 @@
             Mutex::Autolock l(mPreviewLock);
             ++mPreviewBufferCount;
             mPreviewCondition.broadcast();
+            mRecordingNotification = true;
+            mRecordingCondition.broadcast();
             break;
         }
         case CAMERA_MSG_COMPRESSED_IMAGE: {
@@ -311,114 +317,153 @@
     mCameraService->notifySystemEvent(eventId, args);
 }
 
+void CameraFuzzer::invokeTorchAPIs(int32_t cameraId) {
+    String16 cameraIdStr = String16(String8::format("%d", cameraId));
+    sp<IBinder> binder = new BBinder;
+
+    mCameraService->setTorchMode(cameraIdStr, true, binder);
+    ALOGV("Turned torch on.");
+    int32_t torchStrength = rand() % 5 + 1;
+    ALOGV("Changing torch strength level to %d", torchStrength);
+    mCameraService->turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(cameraIdStr, torchStrength, binder);
+    mCameraService->setTorchMode(cameraIdStr, false, binder);
+    ALOGV("Turned torch off.");
+}
+
 void CameraFuzzer::invokeCameraAPIs() {
-    for (int32_t cameraId = 0; cameraId < mNumCameras; ++cameraId) {
-        getCameraInformation(cameraId);
+    /** In order to avoid the timeout issue caused due to multiple iteration of loops, the 'for'
+     * loops are removed and the 'cameraId', 'pictureSize' and 'videoSize' are derived using the
+     * FuzzedDataProvider from the available cameras and vectors of 'pictureSizes' and 'videoSizes'
+     */
+    int32_t cameraId = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, mNumCameras - 1);
+    getCameraInformation(cameraId);
+    invokeTorchAPIs(cameraId);
 
-        ::android::binder::Status rc;
-        sp<ICamera> cameraDevice;
+    ::android::binder::Status rc;
+    sp<ICamera> cameraDevice;
 
-        rc = mCameraService->connect(this, cameraId, String16(),
-                android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_PID,
-                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &cameraDevice);
-        if (!rc.isOk()) {
-            // camera not connected
-            return;
+    rc = mCameraService->connect(this, cameraId, String16(),
+                                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID,
+                                 android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_PID,
+                                 /*targetSdkVersion*/ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &cameraDevice);
+    if (!rc.isOk()) {
+        // camera not connected
+        return;
+    }
+    if (cameraDevice) {
+        sp<Surface> previewSurface;
+        sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl;
+        CameraParameters params(cameraDevice->getParameters());
+        String8 focusModes(params.get(CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_FOCUS_MODES));
+        bool isAFSupported = false;
+        const char* focusMode = nullptr;
+
+        if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_AUTO)) {
+            isAFSupported = true;
+        } else if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE)) {
+            isAFSupported = true;
+            focusMode = CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE;
+        } else if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO)) {
+            isAFSupported = true;
+            focusMode = CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO;
+        } else if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_MACRO)) {
+            isAFSupported = true;
+            focusMode = CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_MACRO;
         }
-        if (cameraDevice) {
-            sp<Surface> previewSurface;
-            sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl;
-            CameraParameters params(cameraDevice->getParameters());
-            String8 focusModes(params.get(CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_FOCUS_MODES));
-            bool isAFSupported = false;
-            const char *focusMode = nullptr;
+        if (nullptr != focusMode) {
+            params.set(CameraParameters::KEY_FOCUS_MODE, focusMode);
+            cameraDevice->setParameters(params.flatten());
+        }
+        int previewWidth, previewHeight;
+        params.getPreviewSize(&previewWidth, &previewHeight);
 
-            if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_AUTO)) {
-                isAFSupported = true;
-            } else if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE)) {
-                isAFSupported = true;
-                focusMode = CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE;
-            } else if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO)) {
-                isAFSupported = true;
-                focusMode = CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO;
-            } else if (focusModes.contains(CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_MACRO)) {
-                isAFSupported = true;
-                focusMode = CameraParameters::FOCUS_MODE_MACRO;
-            }
-            if (nullptr != focusMode) {
-                params.set(CameraParameters::KEY_FOCUS_MODE, focusMode);
-                cameraDevice->setParameters(params.flatten());
-            }
-            int previewWidth, previewHeight;
-            params.getPreviewSize(&previewWidth, &previewHeight);
+        mComposerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
+        mComposerClient->initCheck();
 
-            mComposerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
-            mComposerClient->initCheck();
-
-            bool shouldPassInvalidLayerMetaData = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeBool();
-            int layerMetaData;
-            if (shouldPassInvalidLayerMetaData) {
-                layerMetaData = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
-            } else {
-                layerMetaData = kLayerMetadata[mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+        bool shouldPassInvalidLayerMetaData = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeBool();
+        int layerMetaData;
+        if (shouldPassInvalidLayerMetaData) {
+            layerMetaData = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+        } else {
+            layerMetaData = kLayerMetadata[mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
                     0, kNumLayerMetaData - 1)];
-            }
-            surfaceControl = mComposerClient->createSurface(
+        }
+        surfaceControl = mComposerClient->createSurface(
                 String8("Test Surface"), previewWidth, previewHeight,
                 CameraParameters::previewFormatToEnum(params.getPreviewFormat()), layerMetaData);
 
-            if (surfaceControl.get() != nullptr) {
-                SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction{}
+        if (surfaceControl.get()) {
+            SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction{}
                     .setLayer(surfaceControl, 0x7fffffff)
                     .show(surfaceControl)
                     .apply();
 
-                previewSurface = surfaceControl->getSurface();
+            previewSurface = surfaceControl->getSurface();
+            if (previewSurface.get()) {
                 cameraDevice->setPreviewTarget(previewSurface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
             }
-            cameraDevice->setPreviewCallbackFlag(CAMERA_FRAME_CALLBACK_FLAG_CAMCORDER);
+        }
+        cameraDevice->setPreviewCallbackFlag(CAMERA_FRAME_CALLBACK_FLAG_CAMCORDER);
 
-            Vector<Size> pictureSizes;
-            params.getSupportedPictureSizes(pictureSizes);
+        Vector<Size> pictureSizes;
+        params.getSupportedPictureSizes(pictureSizes);
 
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < pictureSizes.size(); ++i) {
-                params.setPictureSize(pictureSizes[i].width, pictureSizes[i].height);
-                cameraDevice->setParameters(params.flatten());
-                cameraDevice->startPreview();
-                waitForPreviewStart();
-                cameraDevice->autoFocus();
-                waitForEvent(mAutoFocusLock, mAutoFocusCondition, mAutoFocusMessage);
-                bool shouldPassInvalidCameraMsg = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeBool();
-                int msgType;
-                if (shouldPassInvalidCameraMsg) {
-                    msgType = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
-                } else {
-                    msgType = kCameraMsg[mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+        if (pictureSizes.size()) {
+            Size pictureSize = pictureSizes[mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                    0, pictureSizes.size() - 1)];
+            params.setPictureSize(pictureSize.width, pictureSize.height);
+            cameraDevice->setParameters(params.flatten());
+            cameraDevice->startPreview();
+            waitForPreviewStart();
+            cameraDevice->autoFocus();
+            waitForEvent(mAutoFocusLock, mAutoFocusCondition, mAutoFocusMessage);
+            bool shouldPassInvalidCameraMsg = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeBool();
+            int msgType;
+            if (shouldPassInvalidCameraMsg) {
+                msgType = mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+            } else {
+                msgType = kCameraMsg[mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
                         0, kNumCameraMsg - 1)];
-                }
-                cameraDevice->takePicture(msgType);
-
-                waitForEvent(mSnapshotLock, mSnapshotCondition, mSnapshotNotification);
             }
+            cameraDevice->takePicture(msgType);
 
-            Vector<Size> videoSizes;
-            params.getSupportedVideoSizes(videoSizes);
+            waitForEvent(mSnapshotLock, mSnapshotCondition, mSnapshotNotification);
+            cameraDevice->stopPreview();
+        }
 
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < videoSizes.size(); ++i) {
-                params.setVideoSize(videoSizes[i].width, videoSizes[i].height);
+        Vector<Size> videoSizes;
+        params.getSupportedVideoSizes(videoSizes);
 
-                cameraDevice->setParameters(params.flatten());
-                cameraDevice->startPreview();
-                waitForPreviewStart();
-                cameraDevice->setVideoBufferMode(
+        if (videoSizes.size()) {
+            Size videoSize = videoSizes[mFuzzedDataProvider->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                    0, videoSizes.size() - 1)];
+            params.setVideoSize(videoSize.width, videoSize.height);
+
+            cameraDevice->setParameters(params.flatten());
+            cameraDevice->startPreview();
+            waitForPreviewStart();
+            cameraDevice->setVideoBufferMode(
                     android::hardware::BnCamera::VIDEO_BUFFER_MODE_BUFFER_QUEUE);
-                cameraDevice->setVideoTarget(previewSurface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
-                cameraDevice->startRecording();
-                cameraDevice->stopRecording();
+            sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControlVideo = mComposerClient->createSurface(
+                    String8("Test Surface Video"), previewWidth, previewHeight,
+                    CameraParameters::previewFormatToEnum(params.getPreviewFormat()),
+                    layerMetaData);
+            if (surfaceControlVideo.get()) {
+                SurfaceComposerClient::Transaction{}
+                        .setLayer(surfaceControlVideo, 0x7fffffff)
+                        .show(surfaceControlVideo)
+                        .apply();
+                sp<Surface> previewSurfaceVideo = surfaceControlVideo->getSurface();
+                if (previewSurfaceVideo.get()) {
+                    cameraDevice->setVideoTarget(previewSurfaceVideo->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
+                }
             }
             cameraDevice->stopPreview();
-            cameraDevice->disconnect();
+            cameraDevice->startRecording();
+            waitForEvent(mRecordingLock, mRecordingCondition, mRecordingNotification);
+            cameraDevice->stopRecording();
         }
+        cameraDevice->disconnect();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
index 3616572..4d7798c 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
@@ -27,8 +27,13 @@
         "external/dynamic_depth/internal",
     ],
 
+    header_libs: [
+        "libmedia_headers",
+    ],
+
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
         "libcameraservice",
         "libhidlbase",
@@ -57,6 +62,7 @@
     ],
 
     srcs: [
+        "CameraPermissionsTest.cpp",
         "CameraProviderManagerTest.cpp",
         "ClientManagerTest.cpp",
         "DepthProcessorTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraPermissionsTest.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraPermissionsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42d99e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraPermissionsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/hardware/BnCameraServiceListener.h>
+#include <android/hardware/BnCameraServiceProxy.h>
+#include <android/hardware/camera2/BnCameraDeviceCallbacks.h>
+#include <android/hardware/ICameraService.h>
+
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include "../CameraService.h"
+#include "../utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::hardware::camera;
+
+// Empty service listener.
+class TestCameraServiceListener : public hardware::BnCameraServiceListener {
+public:
+    virtual ~TestCameraServiceListener() {};
+
+    virtual binder::Status onStatusChanged(int32_t , const String16&) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    };
+
+    virtual binder::Status onPhysicalCameraStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/,
+            const String16& /*cameraId*/, const String16& /*physicalCameraId*/) {
+        // No op
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    };
+
+    virtual binder::Status onTorchStatusChanged(int32_t /*status*/, const String16& /*cameraId*/) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    };
+
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraAccessPrioritiesChanged() {
+        // No op
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraOpened(const String16& /*cameraId*/,
+            const String16& /*clientPackageName*/) {
+        // No op
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onCameraClosed(const String16& /*cameraId*/) {
+        // No op
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onTorchStrengthLevelChanged(const String16& /*cameraId*/,
+            int32_t /*torchStrength*/) {
+        // No op
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+};
+
+// Empty device callback.
+class TestCameraDeviceCallbacks : public hardware::camera2::BnCameraDeviceCallbacks {
+public:
+    TestCameraDeviceCallbacks() {}
+
+    virtual ~TestCameraDeviceCallbacks() {}
+
+    virtual binder::Status onDeviceError(int /*errorCode*/,
+            const CaptureResultExtras& /*resultExtras*/) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onDeviceIdle() {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onCaptureStarted(const CaptureResultExtras& /*resultExtras*/,
+            int64_t /*timestamp*/) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onResultReceived(const CameraMetadata& /*metadata*/,
+            const CaptureResultExtras& /*resultExtras*/,
+            const std::vector<PhysicalCaptureResultInfo>& /*physicalResultInfos*/) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onPrepared(int /*streamId*/) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onRepeatingRequestError(
+            int64_t /*lastFrameNumber*/, int32_t /*stoppedSequenceId*/) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status onRequestQueueEmpty() {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    }
+};
+
+// Override isCameraDisabled from the CameraServiceProxy with a flag.
+class CameraServiceProxyOverride : public ::android::hardware::BnCameraServiceProxy {
+public:
+    CameraServiceProxyOverride() :
+            mCameraServiceProxy(CameraServiceProxyWrapper::getDefaultCameraServiceProxy()),
+            mCameraDisabled(false), mOverrideCameraDisabled(false)
+    { }
+
+    virtual binder::Status getRotateAndCropOverride(const String16& packageName, int lensFacing,
+            int userId, int *ret) override {
+        return mCameraServiceProxy->getRotateAndCropOverride(packageName, lensFacing,
+                userId, ret);
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status pingForUserUpdate() override {
+        return mCameraServiceProxy->pingForUserUpdate();
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status notifyCameraState(
+            const hardware::CameraSessionStats& cameraSessionStats) override {
+        return mCameraServiceProxy->notifyCameraState(cameraSessionStats);
+    }
+
+    virtual binder::Status isCameraDisabled(int userId, bool *ret) override {
+        if (mOverrideCameraDisabled) {
+            *ret = mCameraDisabled;
+            return binder::Status::ok();
+        }
+        return mCameraServiceProxy->isCameraDisabled(userId, ret);
+    }
+
+    void setCameraDisabled(bool cameraDisabled) {
+        mCameraDisabled = cameraDisabled;
+    }
+
+    void setOverrideCameraDisabled(bool overrideCameraDisabled) {
+        mOverrideCameraDisabled = overrideCameraDisabled;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> mCameraServiceProxy;
+    bool mCameraDisabled;
+    bool mOverrideCameraDisabled;
+};
+
+class AutoDisconnectDevice {
+public:
+    AutoDisconnectDevice(sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser> device) :
+            mDevice(device)
+    { }
+
+    ~AutoDisconnectDevice() {
+        if (mDevice != nullptr) {
+            mDevice->disconnect();
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser> mDevice;
+};
+
+class CameraPermissionsTest : public ::testing::Test {
+protected:
+    static sp<CameraService> sCameraService;
+    static sp<CameraServiceProxyOverride> sCameraServiceProxy;
+    static std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper> sCameraServiceProxyWrapper;
+    static uid_t sOldUid;
+
+    static void SetUpTestSuite() {
+        sOldUid = getuid();
+        setuid(AID_CAMERASERVER);
+        sCameraServiceProxy = new CameraServiceProxyOverride();
+        sCameraServiceProxyWrapper =
+            std::make_shared<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>(sCameraServiceProxy);
+        sCameraService = new CameraService(sCameraServiceProxyWrapper);
+        sCameraService->clearCachedVariables();
+    }
+
+    static void TearDownTestSuite() {
+        sCameraServiceProxyWrapper = nullptr;
+        sCameraServiceProxy = nullptr;
+        sCameraService = nullptr;
+        setuid(sOldUid);
+    }
+};
+
+sp<CameraService> CameraPermissionsTest::sCameraService = nullptr;
+sp<CameraServiceProxyOverride> CameraPermissionsTest::sCameraServiceProxy = nullptr;
+std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>
+CameraPermissionsTest::sCameraServiceProxyWrapper = nullptr;
+uid_t CameraPermissionsTest::sOldUid = 0;
+
+// Test that camera connections fail with ERROR_DISABLED when the camera is disabled via device
+// policy, and succeed when it isn't.
+TEST_F(CameraPermissionsTest, TestCameraDisabled) {
+    std::vector<hardware::CameraStatus> statuses;
+    sp<TestCameraServiceListener> serviceListener = new TestCameraServiceListener();
+    sCameraService->addListenerTest(serviceListener, &statuses);
+    sCameraServiceProxy->setOverrideCameraDisabled(true);
+
+    sCameraServiceProxy->setCameraDisabled(true);
+    for (auto s : statuses) {
+        sp<TestCameraDeviceCallbacks> callbacks = new TestCameraDeviceCallbacks();
+        sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser> device;
+        binder::Status status =
+                sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, String16(s.cameraId), String16(), {},
+                android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &device);
+        AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnect(device);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(!status.isOk()) << "connectDevice returned OK status";
+        ASSERT_EQ(status.serviceSpecificErrorCode(), hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_DISABLED)
+                << "connectDevice returned exception code " << status.exceptionCode();
+    }
+
+    sCameraServiceProxy->setCameraDisabled(false);
+    for (auto s : statuses) {
+        sp<TestCameraDeviceCallbacks> callbacks = new TestCameraDeviceCallbacks();
+        sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser> device;
+        binder::Status status =
+                sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, String16(s.cameraId), String16(), {},
+                android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &device);
+        AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnect(device);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    }
+}
+
+// Test that consecutive camera connections succeed.
+TEST_F(CameraPermissionsTest, TestConsecutiveConnections) {
+    std::vector<hardware::CameraStatus> statuses;
+    sp<TestCameraServiceListener> serviceListener = new TestCameraServiceListener();
+    sCameraService->addListenerTest(serviceListener, &statuses);
+    sCameraServiceProxy->setOverrideCameraDisabled(false);
+
+    for (auto s : statuses) {
+        sp<TestCameraDeviceCallbacks> callbacks = new TestCameraDeviceCallbacks();
+        sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser> deviceA, deviceB;
+        binder::Status status =
+                sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, String16(s.cameraId), String16(), {},
+                android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &deviceA);
+        AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectA(deviceA);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
+                " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
+        status =
+                sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, String16(s.cameraId), String16(), {},
+                android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &deviceB);
+        AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectB(deviceB);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
+                " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
+    }
+}
+
+// Test that consecutive camera connections succeed even when a nonzero oomScoreOffset is provided
+// in the second call.
+TEST_F(CameraPermissionsTest, TestConflictingOomScoreOffset) {
+    std::vector<hardware::CameraStatus> statuses;
+    sp<TestCameraServiceListener> serviceListener = new TestCameraServiceListener();
+    sCameraService->addListenerTest(serviceListener, &statuses);
+    sCameraServiceProxy->setOverrideCameraDisabled(false);
+
+    for (auto s : statuses) {
+        sp<TestCameraDeviceCallbacks> callbacks = new TestCameraDeviceCallbacks();
+        sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser> deviceA, deviceB;
+        binder::Status status =
+                sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, String16(s.cameraId), String16(), {},
+                android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 0/*oomScoreDiff*/,
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &deviceA);
+        AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectA(deviceA);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
+                " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
+        status =
+                sCameraService->connectDevice(callbacks, String16(s.cameraId), String16(), {},
+                android::CameraService::USE_CALLING_UID, 1/*oomScoreDiff*/,
+                /*targetSdkVersion*/__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, &deviceB);
+        AutoDisconnectDevice autoDisconnectB(deviceB);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "Exception code " << status.exceptionCode() <<
+                " service specific error code " << status.serviceSpecificErrorCode();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/ZoomRatioTest.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/ZoomRatioTest.cpp
index ff7aafd..badd47a 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/ZoomRatioTest.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/ZoomRatioTest.cpp
@@ -160,11 +160,9 @@
             false/*hasZoomRatioRange*/, zoomRatioRange,
             usePreCorrectArray));
 
-    size_t index = 0;
     int32_t width = testActiveArraySize[2];
     int32_t height = testActiveArraySize[3];
     if (usePreCorrectArray) {
-        index = 1;
         width = testPreCorrActiveArraySize[2];
         height = testPreCorrActiveArraySize[3];
     }
@@ -254,6 +252,19 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < coords.size(); i++) {
         EXPECT_LE(std::abs(coords[i] - expectedZoomOutCoords[i]), kMaxAllowedPixelError);
     }
+
+    // Verify region zoom scaling doesn't generate invalid metering region
+    // (width < 0, or height < 0)
+    std::array<float, 3> scaleRatios = {10.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f};
+    for (float scaleRatio : scaleRatios) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < originalCoords.size(); i+= 2) {
+            int32_t coordinates[] = {originalCoords[i], originalCoords[i+1],
+                    originalCoords[i], originalCoords[i+1]};
+            mapper.scaleRegion(coordinates, scaleRatio, width, height);
+            EXPECT_LE(coordinates[0], coordinates[2]);
+            EXPECT_LE(coordinates[1], coordinates[3]);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 TEST(ZoomRatioTest, scaleCoordinatesTest) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp
index dae5eea..885c6aa 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp
@@ -29,29 +29,29 @@
 using hardware::ICameraServiceProxy;
 using hardware::CameraSessionStats;
 
-Mutex CameraServiceProxyWrapper::sProxyMutex;
-sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> CameraServiceProxyWrapper::sCameraServiceProxy;
-
-Mutex CameraServiceProxyWrapper::mLock;
-std::map<String8, std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper>>
-        CameraServiceProxyWrapper::mSessionStatsMap;
-
 /**
  * CameraSessionStatsWrapper functions
  */
 
-void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onOpen() {
-    Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
-
-    updateProxyDeviceState(mSessionStats);
+void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::updateProxyDeviceState(
+        sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder) {
+    if (proxyBinder == nullptr) return;
+    proxyBinder->notifyCameraState(mSessionStats);
 }
 
-void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onClose(int32_t latencyMs) {
+void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onOpen(
+        sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder) {
+    Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
+    updateProxyDeviceState(proxyBinder);
+}
+
+void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onClose(
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder, int32_t latencyMs) {
     Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
 
     mSessionStats.mNewCameraState = CameraSessionStats::CAMERA_STATE_CLOSED;
     mSessionStats.mLatencyMs = latencyMs;
-    updateProxyDeviceState(mSessionStats);
+    updateProxyDeviceState(proxyBinder);
 }
 
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onStreamConfigured(
@@ -66,12 +66,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onActive(float maxPreviewFps) {
+void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onActive(
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder, float maxPreviewFps) {
     Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
 
     mSessionStats.mNewCameraState = CameraSessionStats::CAMERA_STATE_ACTIVE;
     mSessionStats.mMaxPreviewFps = maxPreviewFps;
-    updateProxyDeviceState(mSessionStats);
+    updateProxyDeviceState(proxyBinder);
 
     // Reset mCreationDuration to -1 to distinguish between 1st session
     // after configuration, and all other sessions after configuration.
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@
 }
 
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onIdle(
+        sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder,
         int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
         const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode,
         const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats) {
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@
     mSessionStats.mUserTag = String16(userTag.c_str());
     mSessionStats.mVideoStabilizationMode = videoStabilizationMode;
     mSessionStats.mStreamStats = streamStats;
-    updateProxyDeviceState(mSessionStats);
+    updateProxyDeviceState(proxyBinder);
 
     mSessionStats.mInternalReconfigure = 0;
     mSessionStats.mStreamStats.clear();
@@ -103,19 +105,26 @@
 
 sp<ICameraServiceProxy> CameraServiceProxyWrapper::getCameraServiceProxy() {
 #ifndef __BRILLO__
-    Mutex::Autolock al(sProxyMutex);
-    if (sCameraServiceProxy == nullptr) {
-        sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-        // Use checkService because cameraserver normally starts before the
-        // system server and the proxy service. So the long timeout that getService
-        // has before giving up is inappropriate.
-        sp<IBinder> binder = sm->checkService(String16("media.camera.proxy"));
-        if (binder != nullptr) {
-            sCameraServiceProxy = interface_cast<ICameraServiceProxy>(binder);
-        }
+    Mutex::Autolock al(mProxyMutex);
+    if (mCameraServiceProxy == nullptr) {
+        mCameraServiceProxy = getDefaultCameraServiceProxy();
     }
 #endif
-    return sCameraServiceProxy;
+    return mCameraServiceProxy;
+}
+
+sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> CameraServiceProxyWrapper::getDefaultCameraServiceProxy() {
+#ifndef __BRILLO__
+    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    // Use checkService because cameraserver normally starts before the
+    // system server and the proxy service. So the long timeout that getService
+    // has before giving up is inappropriate.
+    sp<IBinder> binder = sm->checkService(String16("media.camera.proxy"));
+    if (binder != nullptr) {
+        return interface_cast<ICameraServiceProxy>(binder);
+    }
+#endif
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::pingCameraServiceProxy() {
@@ -138,12 +147,6 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::updateProxyDeviceState(const CameraSessionStats& sessionStats) {
-    sp<ICameraServiceProxy> proxyBinder = getCameraServiceProxy();
-    if (proxyBinder == nullptr) return;
-    proxyBinder->notifyCameraState(sessionStats);
-}
-
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logStreamConfigured(const String8& id,
         int operatingMode, bool internalConfig, int32_t latencyMs) {
     std::shared_ptr<CameraSessionStatsWrapper> sessionStats;
@@ -175,7 +178,8 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("%s: id %s", __FUNCTION__, id.c_str());
-    sessionStats->onActive(maxPreviewFps);
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> proxyBinder = getCameraServiceProxy();
+    sessionStats->onActive(proxyBinder, maxPreviewFps);
 }
 
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logIdle(const String8& id,
@@ -205,7 +209,8 @@
                 streamStats[i].mStartLatencyMs);
     }
 
-    sessionStats->onIdle(requestCount, resultErrorCount, deviceError, userTag,
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> proxyBinder = getCameraServiceProxy();
+    sessionStats->onIdle(proxyBinder, requestCount, resultErrorCount, deviceError, userTag,
             videoStabilizationMode, streamStats);
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +240,8 @@
 
     ALOGV("%s: id %s, facing %d, effectiveApiLevel %d, isNdk %d, latencyMs %d",
             __FUNCTION__, id.c_str(), facing, effectiveApiLevel, isNdk, latencyMs);
-    sessionStats->onOpen();
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> proxyBinder = getCameraServiceProxy();
+    sessionStats->onOpen(proxyBinder);
 }
 
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logClose(const String8& id, int32_t latencyMs) {
@@ -259,7 +265,8 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("%s: id %s, latencyMs %d", __FUNCTION__, id.c_str(), latencyMs);
-    sessionStats->onClose(latencyMs);
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> proxyBinder = getCameraServiceProxy();
+    sessionStats->onClose(proxyBinder, latencyMs);
 }
 
 bool CameraServiceProxyWrapper::isCameraDisabled(int userId) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h
index eb818d1..c00c691 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h
@@ -32,72 +32,80 @@
 class CameraServiceProxyWrapper {
 private:
     // Guard mCameraServiceProxy
-    static Mutex sProxyMutex;
+    Mutex mProxyMutex;
     // Cached interface to the camera service proxy in system service
-    static sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> sCameraServiceProxy;
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> mCameraServiceProxy;
 
-    struct CameraSessionStatsWrapper {
+    class CameraSessionStatsWrapper {
+    private:
         hardware::CameraSessionStats mSessionStats;
         Mutex mLock; // lock for per camera session stats
 
+        /**
+         * Update the session stats of a given camera device (open/close/active/idle) with
+         * the camera proxy service in the system service
+         */
+        void updateProxyDeviceState(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder);
+
+    public:
         CameraSessionStatsWrapper(const String16& cameraId, int facing, int newCameraState,
                 const String16& clientName, int apiLevel, bool isNdk, int32_t latencyMs) :
             mSessionStats(cameraId, facing, newCameraState, clientName, apiLevel, isNdk, latencyMs)
-            {}
+            { }
 
-        void onOpen();
-        void onClose(int32_t latencyMs);
+        void onOpen(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder);
+        void onClose(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder, int32_t latencyMs);
         void onStreamConfigured(int operatingMode, bool internalReconfig, int32_t latencyMs);
-        void onActive(float maxPreviewFps);
-        void onIdle(int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
+        void onActive(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder, float maxPreviewFps);
+        void onIdle(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder,
+                int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
                 const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode,
                 const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats);
     };
 
     // Lock for camera session stats map
-    static Mutex mLock;
+    Mutex mLock;
     // Map from camera id to the camera's session statistics
-    static std::map<String8, std::shared_ptr<CameraSessionStatsWrapper>> mSessionStatsMap;
+    std::map<String8, std::shared_ptr<CameraSessionStatsWrapper>> mSessionStatsMap;
 
-    /**
-     * Update the session stats of a given camera device (open/close/active/idle) with
-     * the camera proxy service in the system service
-     */
-    static void updateProxyDeviceState(
-            const hardware::CameraSessionStats& sessionStats);
-
-    static sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> getCameraServiceProxy();
+    sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> getCameraServiceProxy();
 
 public:
+    CameraServiceProxyWrapper(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> serviceProxy = nullptr) :
+            mCameraServiceProxy(serviceProxy)
+    { }
+
+    static sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> getDefaultCameraServiceProxy();
+
     // Open
-    static void logOpen(const String8& id, int facing,
+    void logOpen(const String8& id, int facing,
             const String16& clientPackageName, int apiLevel, bool isNdk,
             int32_t latencyMs);
 
     // Close
-    static void logClose(const String8& id, int32_t latencyMs);
+    void logClose(const String8& id, int32_t latencyMs);
 
     // Stream configuration
-    static void logStreamConfigured(const String8& id, int operatingMode, bool internalReconfig,
+    void logStreamConfigured(const String8& id, int operatingMode, bool internalReconfig,
             int32_t latencyMs);
 
     // Session state becomes active
-    static void logActive(const String8& id, float maxPreviewFps);
+    void logActive(const String8& id, float maxPreviewFps);
 
     // Session state becomes idle
-    static void logIdle(const String8& id,
+    void logIdle(const String8& id,
             int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
             const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode,
             const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats);
 
     // Ping camera service proxy for user update
-    static void pingCameraServiceProxy();
+    void pingCameraServiceProxy();
 
     // Return the current top activity rotate and crop override.
-    static int getRotateAndCropOverride(String16 packageName, int lensFacing, int userId);
+    int getRotateAndCropOverride(String16 packageName, int lensFacing, int userId);
 
     // Detect if the camera is disabled by device policy.
-    static bool isCameraDisabled(int userId);
+    bool isCameraDisabled(int userId);
 };
 
 } // android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp
index 7dde268..ed490a8 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 
 size_t getUHRMaxJpegBufferSize(camera3::Size uhrMaxJpegSize,
         camera3::Size defaultMaxJpegSize, size_t defaultMaxJpegBufferSize) {
-    return (uhrMaxJpegSize.width * uhrMaxJpegSize.height) /
+    return ((float)(uhrMaxJpegSize.width * uhrMaxJpegSize.height)) /
             (defaultMaxJpegSize.width * defaultMaxJpegSize.height) * defaultMaxJpegBufferSize;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp
index 4d18876..adf0a5e 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
 #include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <media/MediaResourcePolicy.h>
-#include <media/stagefright/ProcessInfo.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/foundation/ABase.h>
 #include <mediautils/BatteryNotifier.h>
+#include <mediautils/ProcessInfo.h>
 #include <mediautils/SchedulingPolicyService.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
index 81c85e5..08ac90e 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
         "libbinder",
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libmedia",
+        "libmediautils",
         "libutils",
     ],
     fuzz_config: {
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp
index e4aaea0..7003dcb 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 #include <aidl/android/media/BnResourceManagerClient.h>
 #include <media/MediaResource.h>
 #include <media/MediaResourcePolicy.h>
-#include <media/stagefright/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/ADebug.h>
+#include <mediautils/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
 #include "ResourceManagerService.h"
 #include "fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h"
 
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/Android.bp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/Android.bp
index 618626f..0366d9b 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/Android.bp
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/Android.bp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "liblog",
         "libmedia",
+        "libmediautils",
         "libutils",
     ],
     include_dirs: [
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "liblog",
         "libmedia",
+        "libmediautils",
         "libutils",
     ],
     include_dirs: [
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/ResourceManagerServiceTestUtils.h b/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/ResourceManagerServiceTestUtils.h
index 5bf44ce..7bd9484 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/ResourceManagerServiceTestUtils.h
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/test/ResourceManagerServiceTestUtils.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <media/MediaResource.h>
 #include <media/MediaResourcePolicy.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/ADebug.h>
-#include <media/stagefright/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
+#include <mediautils/ProcessInfoInterface.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp
index ea817ab..290e9ff 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utils/Singleton.h>
@@ -68,6 +69,24 @@
     return result.str();
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+const static std::map<audio_format_t, audio_format_t> NEXT_FORMAT_TO_TRY = {
+        {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT,         AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT},
+        {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT,        AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED},
+        {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT}
+};
+
+audio_format_t getNextFormatToTry(audio_format_t curFormat, audio_format_t returnedFromAPM) {
+    if (returnedFromAPM != AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) {
+        return returnedFromAPM;
+    }
+    const auto it = NEXT_FORMAT_TO_TRY.find(curFormat);
+    return it != NEXT_FORMAT_TO_TRY.end() ? it->second : AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+}
+
+}
+
 aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request) {
     aaudio_result_t result = AAUDIO_OK;
     copyFrom(request.getConstantConfiguration());
@@ -81,36 +100,38 @@
         legacy2aidl_pid_t_int32_t(IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid()));
 
     audio_format_t audioFormat = getFormat();
+    std::set<audio_format_t> formatsTried;
+    while (true) {
+        if (formatsTried.find(audioFormat) != formatsTried.end()) {
+            // APM returning something that has already tried.
+            ALOGW("Have already tried to open #x, but failed before");
+            break;
+        }
+        formatsTried.insert(audioFormat);
 
-    result = openWithFormat(audioFormat);
-    if (result == AAUDIO_OK) return result;
+        audio_format_t nextFormatToTry = AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+        result = openWithFormat(audioFormat, &nextFormatToTry);
+        if (result == AAUDIO_OK || result != AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE) {
+            // Return if it is successful or there is an error that is not
+            // AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE happens.
+            ALOGI("Opened format=%#x with result=%d", audioFormat, result);
+            break;
+        }
 
-    if (result == AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE && audioFormat == AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT) {
-        ALOGD("%s() FLOAT failed, perhaps due to format. Try again with 32_BIT", __func__);
-        audioFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT;
-        result = openWithFormat(audioFormat);
-    }
-    if (result == AAUDIO_OK) return result;
-
-    if (result == AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE && audioFormat == AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT) {
-        ALOGD("%s() 32_BIT failed, perhaps due to format. Try again with 24_BIT_PACKED", __func__);
-        audioFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED;
-        result = openWithFormat(audioFormat);
-    }
-    if (result == AAUDIO_OK) return result;
-
-    // TODO The HAL and AudioFlinger should be recommending a format if the open fails.
-    //      But that recommendation is not propagating back from the HAL.
-    //      So for now just try something very likely to work.
-    if (result == AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE && audioFormat == AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED) {
-        ALOGD("%s() 24_BIT failed, perhaps due to format. Try again with 16_BIT", __func__);
-        audioFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
-        result = openWithFormat(audioFormat);
+        nextFormatToTry = getNextFormatToTry(audioFormat, nextFormatToTry);
+        ALOGD("%s() %#x failed, perhaps due to format. Try again with %#x",
+              __func__, audioFormat, nextFormatToTry);
+        audioFormat = nextFormatToTry;
+        if (audioFormat == AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) {
+            // Nothing else to try
+            break;
+        }
     }
     return result;
 }
 
-aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::openWithFormat(audio_format_t audioFormat) {
+aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::openWithFormat(
+        audio_format_t audioFormat, audio_format_t* nextFormatToTry) {
     aaudio_result_t result = AAUDIO_OK;
     audio_config_base_t config;
     audio_port_handle_t deviceId;
@@ -171,7 +192,11 @@
     if (status != OK) {
         // This can happen if the resource is busy or the config does
         // not match the hardware.
-        ALOGD("%s() - openMmapStream() returned status %d",  __func__, status);
+        ALOGD("%s() - openMmapStream() returned status=%d, suggested format=%#x, sample_rate=%u, "
+              "channel_mask=%#x",
+              __func__, status, config.format, config.sample_rate, config.format);
+        *nextFormatToTry = config.format != audioFormat ? config.format
+                                                        : *nextFormatToTry;
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE;
     }
 
@@ -237,9 +262,6 @@
     if (mMmapStream != nullptr) {
         // Needs to be explicitly cleared or CTS will fail but it is not clear why.
         mMmapStream.clear();
-        // Apparently the above close is asynchronous. An attempt to open a new device
-        // right after a close can fail. Also some callbacks may still be in flight!
-        // FIXME Make closing synchronous.
         AudioClock::sleepForNanos(100 * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
     }
 }
@@ -371,12 +393,8 @@
     asyncTask.detach();
 }
 
-void AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::onVolumeChanged(audio_channel_mask_t channels,
-                                              android::Vector<float> values) {
-    // TODO Do we really need a different volume for each channel?
-    // We get called with an array filled with a single value!
-    float volume = values[0];
-    ALOGD("%s() volume[0] = %f", __func__, volume);
+void AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::onVolumeChanged(float volume) {
+    ALOGD("%s() volume = %f", __func__, volume);
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLockStreams);
     for(const auto& stream : mRegisteredStreams) {
         stream->onVolumeChanged(volume);
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h
index 3e7f2c7..73e0f61 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h
@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@
     // -------------- Callback functions for MmapStreamCallback ---------------------
     void onTearDown(audio_port_handle_t portHandle) override;
 
-    void onVolumeChanged(audio_channel_mask_t channels,
-                         android::Vector<float> values) override;
+    void onVolumeChanged(float volume) override;
 
     void onRoutingChanged(audio_port_handle_t portHandle) override;
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@
 
 private:
 
-    aaudio_result_t openWithFormat(audio_format_t audioFormat);
+    aaudio_result_t openWithFormat(audio_format_t audioFormat, audio_format_t* nextFormatToTry);
 
     aaudio_result_t createMmapBuffer(android::base::unique_fd* fileDescriptor);
 
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp
index 9f48f80..d395c25 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
     if (result != AAUDIO_OK) goto error;
 
     // This should happen at the end of the start.
-    sendServiceEvent(AAUDIO_SERVICE_EVENT_STARTED);
+    sendServiceEvent(AAUDIO_SERVICE_EVENT_STARTED, static_cast<int64_t>(mClientHandle));
     setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED);
 
     return result;
diff --git a/services/tuner/Android.bp b/services/tuner/Android.bp
index 5c1dda1..9c4f9a5 100644
--- a/services/tuner/Android.bp
+++ b/services/tuner/Android.bp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
         "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1",
         "android.hardware.tv.tuner-V1",
     ],
-
     backend: {
         java: {
             enabled: false,
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerDemux.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerDemux.cpp
index a6f3a2c..7e07da1 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerDemux.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerDemux.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/Result.h>
 
 #include "TunerDvr.h"
+#include "TunerService.h"
 #include "TunerTimeFilter.h"
 
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::tv::tuner::IDvr;
@@ -41,23 +42,20 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
-TunerDemux::TunerDemux(shared_ptr<IDemux> demux, int id) {
+TunerDemux::TunerDemux(const shared_ptr<IDemux> demux, const int id,
+                       const shared_ptr<TunerService> tuner) {
     mDemux = demux;
     mDemuxId = id;
+    mTunerService = tuner;
 }
 
 TunerDemux::~TunerDemux() {
     mDemux = nullptr;
+    mTunerService = nullptr;
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::setFrontendDataSource(
         const shared_ptr<ITunerFrontend>& in_frontend) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     int frontendId;
     in_frontend->getFrontendId(&frontendId);
 
@@ -65,43 +63,26 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::setFrontendDataSourceById(int frontendId) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDemux->setFrontendDataSource(frontendId);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::openFilter(const DemuxFilterType& in_type, int32_t in_bufferSize,
                                             const shared_ptr<ITunerFilterCallback>& in_cb,
                                             shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<IFilter> filter;
     shared_ptr<TunerFilter::FilterCallback> filterCb =
             ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerFilter::FilterCallback>(in_cb);
     shared_ptr<IFilterCallback> cb = filterCb;
     auto status = mDemux->openFilter(in_type, in_bufferSize, cb, &filter);
     if (status.isOk()) {
-        *_aidl_return = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerFilter>(filter, filterCb, in_type);
+        *_aidl_return =
+                ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerFilter>(filter, filterCb, in_type, mTunerService);
     }
 
     return status;
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::openTimeFilter(shared_ptr<ITunerTimeFilter>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<ITimeFilter> filter;
     auto status = mDemux->openTimeFilter(&filter);
     if (status.isOk()) {
@@ -113,35 +94,17 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::getAvSyncHwId(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& tunerFilter,
                                                int32_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<IFilter> halFilter = (static_cast<TunerFilter*>(tunerFilter.get()))->getHalFilter();
     return mDemux->getAvSyncHwId(halFilter, _aidl_return);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::getAvSyncTime(int32_t avSyncHwId, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDemux->getAvSyncTime(avSyncHwId, _aidl_return);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::openDvr(DvrType in_dvbType, int32_t in_bufferSize,
                                          const shared_ptr<ITunerDvrCallback>& in_cb,
                                          shared_ptr<ITunerDvr>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<IDvrCallback> callback = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerDvr::DvrCallback>(in_cb);
     shared_ptr<IDvr> halDvr;
     auto res = mDemux->openDvr(in_dvbType, in_bufferSize, callback, &halDvr);
@@ -153,36 +116,15 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::connectCiCam(int32_t ciCamId) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDemux->connectCiCam(ciCamId);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::disconnectCiCam() {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDemux->disconnectCiCam();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDemux::close() {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
-    auto res = mDemux->close();
-    mDemux = nullptr;
-
-    return res;
+    return mDemux->close();
 }
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerDemux.h b/services/tuner/TunerDemux.h
index cdb3aa0..0c71987 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerDemux.h
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerDemux.h
@@ -32,10 +32,13 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
+class TunerService;
+
 class TunerDemux : public BnTunerDemux {
 
 public:
-    TunerDemux(shared_ptr<IDemux> demux, int demuxId);
+    TunerDemux(const shared_ptr<IDemux> demux, const int demuxId,
+               const shared_ptr<TunerService> tuner);
     virtual ~TunerDemux();
 
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setFrontendDataSource(
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@
 private:
     shared_ptr<IDemux> mDemux;
     int mDemuxId;
+    shared_ptr<TunerService> mTunerService;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerDescrambler.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerDescrambler.cpp
index 70aee20..8cc5fe0 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerDescrambler.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerDescrambler.cpp
@@ -46,33 +46,15 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDescrambler::setDemuxSource(
         const shared_ptr<ITunerDemux>& in_tunerDemux) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDescrambler->setDemuxSource((static_cast<TunerDemux*>(in_tunerDemux.get()))->getId());
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDescrambler::setKeyToken(const vector<uint8_t>& in_keyToken) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDescrambler->setKeyToken(in_keyToken);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDescrambler::addPid(
         const DemuxPid& in_pid, const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_optionalSourceFilter) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<IFilter> halFilter =
             (in_optionalSourceFilter == nullptr)
                     ? nullptr
@@ -83,12 +65,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDescrambler::removePid(
         const DemuxPid& in_pid, const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_optionalSourceFilter) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<IFilter> halFilter =
             (in_optionalSourceFilter == nullptr)
                     ? nullptr
@@ -98,16 +74,7 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDescrambler::close() {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
-    auto res = mDescrambler->close();
-    mDescrambler = nullptr;
-
-    return res;
+    return mDescrambler->close();
 }
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerDvr.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerDvr.cpp
index 8776f7e..9a35db8 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerDvr.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerDvr.cpp
@@ -41,32 +41,14 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::getQueueDesc(AidlMQDesc* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDvr->getQueueDesc(_aidl_return);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::configure(const DvrSettings& in_settings) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDvr->configure(in_settings);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::attachFilter(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_filter) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (in_filter == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -82,12 +64,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::detachFilter(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_filter) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (in_filter == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -103,46 +79,19 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::start() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDvr->start();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::stop() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDvr->stop();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::flush() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mDvr->flush();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerDvr::close() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
-    auto status = mDvr->close();
-    mDvr = nullptr;
-
-    return status;
+    return mDvr->close();
 }
 
 /////////////// IDvrCallback ///////////////////////
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerFilter.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerFilter.cpp
index e8c7767..fd1f886 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerFilter.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerFilter.cpp
@@ -36,28 +36,28 @@
 
 using namespace std;
 
-TunerFilter::TunerFilter(shared_ptr<IFilter> filter, shared_ptr<FilterCallback> cb,
-                         DemuxFilterType type)
+TunerFilter::TunerFilter(const shared_ptr<IFilter> filter, const shared_ptr<FilterCallback> cb,
+                         const DemuxFilterType type, const shared_ptr<TunerService> tuner)
       : mFilter(filter),
         mType(type),
         mStarted(false),
         mShared(false),
         mClientPid(-1),
-        mFilterCallback(cb) {}
+        mFilterCallback(cb),
+        mTunerService(tuner) {}
 
 TunerFilter::~TunerFilter() {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    mFilter = nullptr;
+    freeSharedFilterToken("");
+
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        mFilter = nullptr;
+        mTunerService = nullptr;
+    }
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::getQueueDesc(AidlMQDesc* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -73,12 +73,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::getId(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -94,12 +88,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::getId64Bit(int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -115,12 +103,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::configure(const DemuxFilterSettings& in_settings) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -132,12 +114,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::configureMonitorEvent(int32_t monitorEventType) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -149,12 +125,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::configureIpFilterContextId(int32_t cid) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -166,12 +136,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::configureAvStreamType(const AvStreamType& in_avStreamType) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -183,12 +147,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::setDataSource(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& filter) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (filter == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -207,12 +165,6 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::getAvSharedHandle(NativeHandle* out_avMemory,
                                                     int64_t* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -225,12 +177,6 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::releaseAvHandle(const NativeHandle& in_handle,
                                                   int64_t in_avDataId) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -242,12 +188,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::start() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -267,12 +207,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::stop() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -291,12 +225,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::flush() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -312,12 +240,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::close() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -326,7 +248,7 @@
                 mFilterCallback->sendSharedFilterStatus(STATUS_INACCESSIBLE);
                 mFilterCallback->detachSharedFilterCallback();
             }
-            TunerService::getTunerService()->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerFilter>());
+            mTunerService->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerFilter>());
         } else {
             // Calling from shared process, do not really close this filter.
             if (mFilterCallback != nullptr) {
@@ -341,7 +263,6 @@
         mFilterCallback->detachCallbacks();
     }
     auto res = mFilter->close();
-    mFilter = nullptr;
     mStarted = false;
     mShared = false;
     mClientPid = -1;
@@ -351,12 +272,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::acquireSharedFilterToken(string* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared || mStarted) {
         ALOGD("create SharedFilter in wrong state");
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -365,7 +280,7 @@
 
     IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
     mClientPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
-    string token = TunerService::getTunerService()->addFilterToShared(this->ref<TunerFilter>());
+    string token = mTunerService->addFilterToShared(this->ref<TunerFilter>());
     _aidl_return->assign(token);
     mShared = true;
 
@@ -374,12 +289,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::freeSharedFilterToken(const string& /* in_filterToken */) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (!mShared) {
         // The filter is not shared or the shared filter has been closed.
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -390,7 +299,7 @@
         mFilterCallback->detachSharedFilterCallback();
     }
 
-    TunerService::getTunerService()->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerFilter>());
+    mTunerService->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerFilter>());
     mShared = false;
 
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -398,24 +307,12 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::getFilterType(DemuxFilterType* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     *_aidl_return = mType;
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFilter::setDelayHint(const FilterDelayHint& in_hint) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFilter->setDelayHint(in_hint);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerFilter.h b/services/tuner/TunerFilter.h
index 93d8898..f6178c4 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerFilter.h
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerFilter.h
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@
 
 using AidlMQDesc = MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>;
 
-class TunerFilter : public BnTunerFilter {
+class TunerService;
 
+class TunerFilter : public BnTunerFilter {
 public:
     class FilterCallback : public BnFilterCallback {
     public:
@@ -75,7 +76,8 @@
         Mutex mCallbackLock;
     };
 
-    TunerFilter(shared_ptr<IFilter> filter, shared_ptr<FilterCallback> cb, DemuxFilterType type);
+    TunerFilter(const shared_ptr<IFilter> filter, const shared_ptr<FilterCallback> cb,
+                const DemuxFilterType type, const shared_ptr<TunerService> tuner);
     virtual ~TunerFilter();
 
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getId(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@
     int32_t mClientPid;
     shared_ptr<FilterCallback> mFilterCallback;
     Mutex mLock;
+    shared_ptr<TunerService> mTunerService;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerFrontend.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerFrontend.cpp
index 5116305..b52a740 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerFrontend.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerFrontend.cpp
@@ -43,12 +43,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::setCallback(
         const shared_ptr<ITunerFrontendCallback>& tunerFrontendCallback) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (tunerFrontendCallback == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -60,53 +54,23 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::tune(const FrontendSettings& settings) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->tune(settings);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::stopTune() {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->stopTune();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::scan(const FrontendSettings& settings,
                                          FrontendScanType frontendScanType) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->scan(settings, frontendScanType);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::stopScan() {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->stopScan();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::setLnb(const shared_ptr<ITunerLnb>& lnb) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (lnb == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -116,46 +80,19 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::linkCiCamToFrontend(int32_t ciCamId, int32_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->linkCiCam(ciCamId, _aidl_return);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::unlinkCiCamToFrontend(int32_t ciCamId) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->unlinkCiCam(ciCamId);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::close() {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
-    auto res = mFrontend->close();
-    mFrontend = nullptr;
-
-    return res;
+    return mFrontend->close();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::getStatus(const vector<FrontendStatusType>& in_statusTypes,
                                               vector<FrontendStatus>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->getStatus(in_statusTypes, _aidl_return);
 }
 
@@ -165,34 +102,16 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::getHardwareInfo(std::string* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->getHardwareInfo(_aidl_return);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::removeOutputPid(int32_t in_pid) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->removeOutputPid(in_pid);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerFrontend::getFrontendStatusReadiness(
         const std::vector<FrontendStatusType>& in_statusTypes,
         std::vector<FrontendStatusReadiness>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mFrontend->getFrontendStatusReadiness(in_statusTypes, _aidl_return);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerLnb.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerLnb.cpp
index 1e143c3..22306e1 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerLnb.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerLnb.cpp
@@ -42,12 +42,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerLnb::setCallback(
         const shared_ptr<ITunerLnbCallback>& in_tunerLnbCallback) {
-    if (mLnb == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ILnb is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (in_tunerLnbCallback == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -59,56 +53,23 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerLnb::setVoltage(LnbVoltage in_voltage) {
-    if (mLnb == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ILnb is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mLnb->setVoltage(in_voltage);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerLnb::setTone(LnbTone in_tone) {
-    if (mLnb == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ILnb is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mLnb->setTone(in_tone);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerLnb::setSatellitePosition(LnbPosition in_position) {
-    if (mLnb == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ILnb is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mLnb->setSatellitePosition(in_position);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerLnb::sendDiseqcMessage(const vector<uint8_t>& in_diseqcMessage) {
-    if (mLnb == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ILnb is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mLnb->sendDiseqcMessage(in_diseqcMessage);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerLnb::close() {
-    if (mLnb == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ILnb is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
-    auto res = mLnb->close();
-    mLnb = nullptr;
-
-    return res;
+    return mLnb->close();
 }
 
 /////////////// ILnbCallback ///////////////////////
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerService.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerService.cpp
index 4833aaf..514a636 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerService.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerService.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <string>
@@ -51,65 +52,45 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
-shared_ptr<TunerService> TunerService::sTunerService = nullptr;
-
 TunerService::TunerService() {
-    if (!TunerHelper::checkTunerFeature()) {
-        ALOGD("Device doesn't have tuner hardware.");
-        return;
+    const string statsServiceName = string() + ITuner::descriptor + "/default";
+    ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(statsServiceName.c_str()));
+    mTuner = ITuner::fromBinder(binder);
+    ALOGE_IF(mTuner == nullptr, "Failed to get Tuner HAL Service");
+
+    mTunerVersion = TUNER_HAL_VERSION_2_0;
+    if (mTuner->getInterfaceVersion(&mTunerVersion).isOk()) {
+        // Tuner AIDL HAL version 1 will be Tuner HAL 2.0
+        mTunerVersion = (mTunerVersion + 1) << 16;
     }
 
+    // Register the tuner resources to TRM.
     updateTunerResources();
 }
 
-TunerService::~TunerService() {}
+TunerService::~TunerService() {
+    mTuner = nullptr;
+}
 
 binder_status_t TunerService::instantiate() {
-    sTunerService = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerService>();
-    return AServiceManager_addService(sTunerService->asBinder().get(), getServiceName());
-}
-
-shared_ptr<TunerService> TunerService::getTunerService() {
-    return sTunerService;
-}
-
-bool TunerService::hasITuner() {
-    ALOGV("hasITuner");
-    if (mTuner != nullptr) {
-        return true;
+    shared_ptr<TunerService> tunerService = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerService>();
+    bool lazyHal = property_get_bool("ro.tuner.lazyhal", false);
+    if (lazyHal) {
+        return AServiceManager_registerLazyService(tunerService->asBinder().get(),
+                                                   getServiceName());
     }
-    const string statsServiceName = string() + ITuner::descriptor + "/default";
-    if (AServiceManager_isDeclared(statsServiceName.c_str())) {
-        ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(statsServiceName.c_str()));
-        mTuner = ITuner::fromBinder(binder);
-    } else {
-        mTuner = nullptr;
-        ALOGE("Failed to get Tuner HAL Service");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    mTunerVersion = TUNER_HAL_VERSION_2_0;
-    // TODO: Enable this after Tuner HAL is frozen.
-    // if (mTuner->getInterfaceVersion(&mTunerVersion).isOk()) {
-    //  // Tuner AIDL HAL version 1 will be Tuner HAL 2.0
-    //  mTunerVersion = (mTunerVersion + 1) << 16;
-    //}
-
-    return true;
+    return AServiceManager_addService(tunerService->asBinder().get(), getServiceName());
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::openDemux(int32_t /* in_demuxHandle */,
                                              shared_ptr<ITunerDemux>* _aidl_return) {
     ALOGV("openDemux");
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
     vector<int32_t> id;
     shared_ptr<IDemux> demux;
     auto status = mTuner->openDemux(&id, &demux);
     if (status.isOk()) {
-        *_aidl_return = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerDemux>(demux, id[0]);
+        *_aidl_return =
+                ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerDemux>(demux, id[0], this->ref<TunerService>());
     }
 
     return status;
@@ -117,41 +98,19 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::getDemuxCaps(DemuxCapabilities* _aidl_return) {
     ALOGV("getDemuxCaps");
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTuner->getDemuxCaps(_aidl_return);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::getFrontendIds(vector<int32_t>* ids) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTuner->getFrontendIds(ids);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::getFrontendInfo(int32_t id, FrontendInfo* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("ITuner service is not init.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTuner->getFrontendInfo(id, _aidl_return);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::openFrontend(int32_t frontendHandle,
                                                 shared_ptr<ITunerFrontend>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("ITuner service is not init.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     int id = TunerHelper::getResourceIdFromHandle(frontendHandle, FRONTEND);
     shared_ptr<IFrontend> frontend;
     auto status = mTuner->openFrontendById(id, &frontend);
@@ -163,12 +122,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::openLnb(int lnbHandle, shared_ptr<ITunerLnb>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGD("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<ILnb> lnb;
     int id = TunerHelper::getResourceIdFromHandle(lnbHandle, LNB);
     auto status = mTuner->openLnbById(id, &lnb);
@@ -181,12 +134,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::openLnbByName(const string& lnbName,
                                                  shared_ptr<ITunerLnb>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     vector<int32_t> id;
     shared_ptr<ILnb> lnb;
     auto status = mTuner->openLnbByName(lnbName, &id, &lnb);
@@ -199,12 +146,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::openDescrambler(int32_t /*descramblerHandle*/,
                                                    shared_ptr<ITunerDescrambler>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGD("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     shared_ptr<IDescrambler> descrambler;
     // int id = TunerHelper::getResourceIdFromHandle(descramblerHandle, DESCRAMBLER);
     auto status = mTuner->openDescrambler(&descrambler);
@@ -216,7 +157,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::getTunerHalVersion(int* _aidl_return) {
-    hasITuner();
     *_aidl_return = mTunerVersion;
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -224,12 +164,6 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::openSharedFilter(const string& in_filterToken,
                                                     const shared_ptr<ITunerFilterCallback>& in_cb,
                                                     shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (!PermissionCache::checkCallingPermission(sSharedFilterPermission)) {
         ALOGE("Request requires android.permission.ACCESS_TV_SHARED_FILTER");
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -261,34 +195,16 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::setLna(bool bEnable) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGD("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTuner->setLna(bEnable);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::setMaxNumberOfFrontends(FrontendType in_frontendType,
                                                            int32_t in_maxNumber) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGD("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTuner->setMaxNumberOfFrontends(in_frontendType, in_maxNumber);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerService::getMaxNumberOfFrontends(FrontendType in_frontendType,
                                                            int32_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGD("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTuner->getMaxNumberOfFrontends(in_frontendType, _aidl_return);
 }
 
@@ -309,11 +225,6 @@
 }
 
 void TunerService::updateTunerResources() {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to updateTunerResources");
-        return;
-    }
-
     TunerHelper::updateTunerResources(getTRMFrontendInfos(), getTRMLnbHandles());
 }
 
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerService.h b/services/tuner/TunerService.h
index 7fc2aa4..6435e17 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerService.h
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerService.h
@@ -86,10 +86,7 @@
     string addFilterToShared(const shared_ptr<TunerFilter>& sharedFilter);
     void removeSharedFilter(const shared_ptr<TunerFilter>& sharedFilter);
 
-    static shared_ptr<TunerService> getTunerService();
-
 private:
-    bool hasITuner();
     void updateTunerResources();
     vector<TunerFrontendInfo> getTRMFrontendInfos();
     vector<int32_t> getTRMLnbHandles();
@@ -98,8 +95,6 @@
     int mTunerVersion = TUNER_HAL_VERSION_UNKNOWN;
     Mutex mSharedFiltersLock;
     map<string, shared_ptr<TunerFilter>> mSharedFilters;
-
-    static shared_ptr<TunerService> sTunerService;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/TunerTimeFilter.cpp b/services/tuner/TunerTimeFilter.cpp
index 73cd6b4..f5094b9 100644
--- a/services/tuner/TunerTimeFilter.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/TunerTimeFilter.cpp
@@ -39,33 +39,14 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerTimeFilter::setTimeStamp(int64_t timeStamp) {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTimeFilter->setTimeStamp(timeStamp);
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerTimeFilter::clearTimeStamp() {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     return mTimeFilter->clearTimeStamp();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerTimeFilter::getSourceTime(int64_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        *_aidl_return = (int64_t)Constant64Bit::INVALID_PRESENTATION_TIME_STAMP;
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     auto status = mTimeFilter->getSourceTime(_aidl_return);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         *_aidl_return = (int64_t)Constant64Bit::INVALID_PRESENTATION_TIME_STAMP;
@@ -74,13 +55,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerTimeFilter::getTimeStamp(int64_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        *_aidl_return = (int64_t)Constant64Bit::INVALID_PRESENTATION_TIME_STAMP;
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     auto status = mTimeFilter->getTimeStamp(_aidl_return);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         *_aidl_return = (int64_t)Constant64Bit::INVALID_PRESENTATION_TIME_STAMP;
@@ -89,16 +63,7 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerTimeFilter::close() {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
-    auto status = mTimeFilter->close();
-    mTimeFilter = nullptr;
-
-    return status;
+    return mTimeFilter->close();
 }
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.cpp
index a8151d2..bbb7782 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "TunerHidlDvr.h"
 #include "TunerHidlFilter.h"
+#include "TunerHidlService.h"
 #include "TunerHidlTimeFilter.h"
 
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::tv::tuner::DemuxFilterSubType;
@@ -42,23 +43,20 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
-TunerHidlDemux::TunerHidlDemux(sp<IDemux> demux, int id) {
+TunerHidlDemux::TunerHidlDemux(const sp<IDemux> demux, const int id,
+                               const shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> tuner) {
     mDemux = demux;
     mDemuxId = id;
+    mTunerService = tuner;
 }
 
 TunerHidlDemux::~TunerHidlDemux() {
     mDemux = nullptr;
+    mTunerService = nullptr;
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::setFrontendDataSource(
         const shared_ptr<ITunerFrontend>& in_frontend) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     int frontendId;
     in_frontend->getFrontendId(&frontendId);
     HidlResult res = mDemux->setFrontendDataSource(frontendId);
@@ -69,12 +67,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::setFrontendDataSourceById(int frontendId) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDemux->setFrontendDataSource(frontendId);
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -86,12 +78,6 @@
                                                 int32_t in_bufferSize,
                                                 const shared_ptr<ITunerFilterCallback>& in_cb,
                                                 shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlDemuxFilterMainType mainType = static_cast<HidlDemuxFilterMainType>(in_type.mainType);
     HidlDemuxFilterType filterType{
             .mainType = mainType,
@@ -132,17 +118,12 @@
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(status));
     }
 
-    *_aidl_return = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlFilter>(filterSp, filterCb, in_type);
+    *_aidl_return =
+            ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlFilter>(filterSp, filterCb, in_type, mTunerService);
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::openTimeFilter(shared_ptr<ITunerTimeFilter>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     sp<HidlITimeFilter> filterSp;
     mDemux->openTimeFilter([&](HidlResult r, const sp<HidlITimeFilter>& filter) {
@@ -159,12 +140,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::getAvSyncHwId(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& tunerFilter,
                                                    int32_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     uint32_t avSyncHwId;
     HidlResult res;
     sp<HidlIFilter> halFilter = static_cast<TunerHidlFilter*>(tunerFilter.get())->getHalFilter();
@@ -181,12 +156,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::getAvSyncTime(int32_t avSyncHwId, int64_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     uint64_t time;
     HidlResult res;
     mDemux->getAvSyncTime(static_cast<uint32_t>(avSyncHwId), [&](HidlResult r, uint64_t ts) {
@@ -204,12 +173,6 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::openDvr(DvrType in_dvbType, int32_t in_bufferSize,
                                              const shared_ptr<ITunerDvrCallback>& in_cb,
                                              shared_ptr<ITunerDvr>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res;
     sp<HidlIDvrCallback> callback = new TunerHidlDvr::DvrCallback(in_cb);
     sp<HidlIDvr> hidlDvr;
@@ -228,12 +191,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::connectCiCam(int32_t ciCamId) {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDemux->connectCiCam(static_cast<uint32_t>(ciCamId));
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -242,12 +199,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::disconnectCiCam() {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDemux->disconnectCiCam();
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -256,15 +207,7 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDemux::close() {
-    if (mDemux == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDemux is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(HidlResult::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDemux->close();
-    mDemux = nullptr;
-
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
     }
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.h b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.h
index d535da6..94a715e 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.h
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDemux.h
@@ -37,9 +37,12 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
+class TunerHidlService;
+
 class TunerHidlDemux : public BnTunerDemux {
 public:
-    TunerHidlDemux(sp<HidlIDemux> demux, int demuxId);
+    TunerHidlDemux(const sp<HidlIDemux> demux, const int demuxId,
+                   const shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> tuner);
     virtual ~TunerHidlDemux();
 
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setFrontendDataSource(
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@
 private:
     sp<HidlIDemux> mDemux;
     int mDemuxId;
+    shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> mTunerService;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDescrambler.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDescrambler.cpp
index dd8cd9c..51b7ede 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDescrambler.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDescrambler.cpp
@@ -45,12 +45,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDescrambler::setDemuxSource(
         const shared_ptr<ITunerDemux>& in_tunerDemux) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDescrambler->setDemuxSource(
             static_cast<TunerHidlDemux*>(in_tunerDemux.get())->getId());
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
@@ -60,12 +54,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDescrambler::setKeyToken(const vector<uint8_t>& in_keyToken) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDescrambler->setKeyToken(in_keyToken);
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -75,12 +63,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDescrambler::addPid(
         const DemuxPid& in_pid, const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_optionalSourceFilter) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     sp<HidlIFilter> halFilter =
             (in_optionalSourceFilter == nullptr)
                     ? nullptr
@@ -94,12 +76,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDescrambler::removePid(
         const DemuxPid& in_pid, const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_optionalSourceFilter) {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     sp<HidlIFilter> halFilter =
             (in_optionalSourceFilter == nullptr)
                     ? nullptr
@@ -112,15 +88,7 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDescrambler::close() {
-    if (mDescrambler == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDescrambler is not initialized.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDescrambler->close();
-    mDescrambler = nullptr;
-
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
     }
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDvr.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDvr.cpp
index 1a619d5..50d92de 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDvr.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlDvr.cpp
@@ -54,12 +54,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::getQueueDesc(AidlMQDesc* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     MQDesc dvrMQDesc;
     HidlResult res;
     mDvr->getQueueDesc([&](HidlResult r, const MQDesc& desc) {
@@ -77,12 +71,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::configure(const DvrSettings& in_settings) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDvr->configure(getHidlDvrSettings(in_settings));
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -91,12 +79,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::attachFilter(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_filter) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (in_filter == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -116,12 +98,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::detachFilter(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& in_filter) {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (in_filter == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -141,12 +117,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::start() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDvr->start();
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -155,12 +125,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::stop() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDvr->stop();
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -169,12 +133,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::flush() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDvr->flush();
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
@@ -183,15 +141,7 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlDvr::close() {
-    if (mDvr == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IDvr is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mDvr->close();
-    mDvr = nullptr;
-
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
     }
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp
index fe74a5c..d4a3db5 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp
@@ -92,31 +92,32 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
-TunerHidlFilter::TunerHidlFilter(sp<HidlIFilter> filter, sp<FilterCallback> cb,
-                                 DemuxFilterType type)
+TunerHidlFilter::TunerHidlFilter(const sp<HidlIFilter> filter, const sp<FilterCallback> cb,
+                                 const DemuxFilterType type,
+                                 const shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> tuner)
       : mFilter(filter),
         mType(type),
         mStarted(false),
         mShared(false),
         mClientPid(-1),
-        mFilterCallback(cb) {
+        mFilterCallback(cb),
+        mTunerService(tuner) {
     mFilter_1_1 = ::android::hardware::tv::tuner::V1_1::IFilter::castFrom(filter);
 }
 
 TunerHidlFilter::~TunerHidlFilter() {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    mFilter = nullptr;
-    mFilter_1_1 = nullptr;
+    freeSharedFilterToken("");
+
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        mFilter = nullptr;
+        mFilter_1_1 = nullptr;
+        mTunerService = nullptr;
+    }
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::getQueueDesc(AidlMQDesc* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -146,12 +147,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::getId(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -200,12 +195,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::configure(const DemuxFilterSettings& in_settings) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -318,12 +307,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::setDataSource(const shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>& filter) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (filter == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -378,12 +361,6 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::releaseAvHandle(const NativeHandle& in_handle,
                                                       int64_t in_avDataId) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         ALOGD("%s is called on a shared filter", __FUNCTION__);
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -407,12 +384,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::start() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -434,12 +405,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::stop() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -461,12 +426,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::flush() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -487,12 +446,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::close() {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared) {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         int32_t callingPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
@@ -501,7 +454,7 @@
                 mFilterCallback->sendSharedFilterStatus(STATUS_INACCESSIBLE);
                 mFilterCallback->detachSharedFilterCallback();
             }
-            TunerHidlService::getTunerService()->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerHidlFilter>());
+            mTunerService->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerHidlFilter>());
         } else {
             // Calling from shared process, do not really close this filter.
             if (mFilterCallback != nullptr) {
@@ -516,8 +469,6 @@
         mFilterCallback->detachCallbacks();
     }
     HidlResult res = mFilter->close();
-    mFilter = nullptr;
-    mFilter_1_1 = nullptr;
     mStarted = false;
     mShared = false;
     mClientPid = -1;
@@ -531,12 +482,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::acquireSharedFilterToken(string* _aidl_return) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (mShared || mStarted) {
         ALOGD("create SharedFilter in wrong state");
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
@@ -545,8 +490,7 @@
 
     IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
     mClientPid = ipc->getCallingPid();
-    string token =
-            TunerHidlService::getTunerService()->addFilterToShared(this->ref<TunerHidlFilter>());
+    string token = mTunerService->addFilterToShared(this->ref<TunerHidlFilter>());
     _aidl_return->assign(token);
     mShared = true;
 
@@ -555,12 +499,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::freeSharedFilterToken(const string& /* in_filterToken */) {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (!mShared) {
         // The filter is not shared or the shared filter has been closed.
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -571,19 +509,13 @@
         mFilterCallback->detachSharedFilterCallback();
     }
 
-    TunerHidlService::getTunerService()->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerHidlFilter>());
+    mTunerService->removeSharedFilter(this->ref<TunerHidlFilter>());
     mShared = false;
 
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFilter::getFilterType(DemuxFilterType* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     *_aidl_return = mType;
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.h b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.h
index 63c7a1b..a58eeca 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.h
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.h
@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@
 const static int IP_V4_LENGTH = 4;
 const static int IP_V6_LENGTH = 16;
 
+class TunerHidlService;
+
 class TunerHidlFilter : public BnTunerFilter {
 public:
     class FilterCallback : public HidlIFilterCallback {
@@ -165,7 +167,8 @@
         Mutex mCallbackLock;
     };
 
-    TunerHidlFilter(sp<HidlIFilter> filter, sp<FilterCallback> cb, DemuxFilterType type);
+    TunerHidlFilter(const sp<HidlIFilter> filter, const sp<FilterCallback> cb,
+                    const DemuxFilterType type, const shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> tuner);
     virtual ~TunerHidlFilter();
 
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getId(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
@@ -230,6 +233,7 @@
     int32_t mClientPid;
     sp<FilterCallback> mFilterCallback;
     Mutex mLock;
+    shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> mTunerService;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.cpp
index 03957f3..7ffb2a4 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.cpp
@@ -176,26 +176,23 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
-TunerHidlFrontend::TunerHidlFrontend(sp<HidlIFrontend> frontend, int id) {
+TunerHidlFrontend::TunerHidlFrontend(const sp<HidlIFrontend> frontend, const int id,
+                                     const shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> tuner) {
     mFrontend = frontend;
     mFrontend_1_1 = ::android::hardware::tv::tuner::V1_1::IFrontend::castFrom(mFrontend);
     mId = id;
+    mTunerService = tuner;
 }
 
 TunerHidlFrontend::~TunerHidlFrontend() {
     mFrontend = nullptr;
     mFrontend_1_1 = nullptr;
     mId = -1;
+    mTunerService = nullptr;
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::setCallback(
         const shared_ptr<ITunerFrontendCallback>& tunerFrontendCallback) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (tunerFrontendCallback == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -211,12 +208,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::tune(const FrontendSettings& settings) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     HidlFrontendSettings frontendSettings;
     HidlFrontendSettingsExt1_1 frontendSettingsExt;
@@ -234,12 +225,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::stopTune() {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status = mFrontend->stopTune();
     if (status == HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -250,12 +235,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::scan(const FrontendSettings& settings,
                                              FrontendScanType frontendScanType) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     HidlFrontendSettings frontendSettings;
     HidlFrontendSettingsExt1_1 frontendSettingsExt;
@@ -276,12 +255,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::stopScan() {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status = mFrontend->stopScan();
     if (status == HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -291,12 +264,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::setLnb(const shared_ptr<ITunerLnb>& lnb) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     if (lnb == nullptr) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENT));
@@ -349,18 +316,8 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::close() {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
-    TunerHidlService::getTunerService()->removeFrontend(this->ref<TunerHidlFrontend>());
-
+    mTunerService->removeFrontend(this->ref<TunerHidlFrontend>());
     HidlResult status = mFrontend->close();
-    mFrontend = nullptr;
-    mFrontend_1_1 = nullptr;
-
     if (status != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(status));
     }
@@ -370,12 +327,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlFrontend::getStatus(const vector<FrontendStatusType>& in_statusTypes,
                                                   vector<FrontendStatus>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res;
     vector<HidlFrontendStatus> status;
     vector<HidlFrontendStatusExt1_1> statusExt;
@@ -442,11 +393,6 @@
 }
 
 void TunerHidlFrontend::setLna(bool bEnable) {
-    if (mFrontend == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("IFrontend is not initialized");
-        return;
-    }
-
     mFrontend->setLna(bEnable);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.h b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.h
index f698655..f54127b 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.h
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFrontend.h
@@ -64,9 +64,12 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
+class TunerHidlService;
+
 class TunerHidlFrontend : public BnTunerFrontend {
 public:
-    TunerHidlFrontend(sp<HidlIFrontend> frontend, int id);
+    TunerHidlFrontend(const sp<HidlIFrontend> frontend, const int id,
+                      const shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> tuner);
     virtual ~TunerHidlFrontend();
 
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallback(
@@ -118,6 +121,7 @@
     int mId;
     sp<HidlIFrontend> mFrontend;
     sp<::android::hardware::tv::tuner::V1_1::IFrontend> mFrontend_1_1;
+    shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> mTunerService;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.cpp
index 6f55f1e..aa03316 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include "TunerHelper.h"
@@ -46,7 +47,6 @@
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::tv::tuner::FrontendIsdbtTimeInterleaveMode;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::tv::tuner::FrontendType;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::tv::tuner::Result;
-using ::aidl::android::media::tv::tunerresourcemanager::TunerFrontendInfo;
 using ::android::IPCThreadState;
 using ::android::PermissionCache;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
@@ -63,47 +63,9 @@
 namespace tv {
 namespace tuner {
 
-shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> TunerHidlService::sTunerService = nullptr;
-
 TunerHidlService::TunerHidlService() {
-    if (!TunerHelper::checkTunerFeature()) {
-        ALOGD("Device doesn't have tuner hardware.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    updateTunerResources();
-}
-
-TunerHidlService::~TunerHidlService() {
-    mOpenedFrontends.clear();
-    mLnaStatus = -1;
-}
-
-binder_status_t TunerHidlService::instantiate() {
-    if (HidlITuner::getService() == nullptr) {
-        ALOGD("Failed to get ITuner HIDL HAL");
-        return STATUS_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
-    }
-
-    sTunerService = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlService>();
-    return AServiceManager_addService(sTunerService->asBinder().get(), getServiceName());
-}
-
-shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> TunerHidlService::getTunerService() {
-    return sTunerService;
-}
-
-bool TunerHidlService::hasITuner() {
-    ALOGV("hasITuner");
-    if (mTuner != nullptr) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
     mTuner = HidlITuner::getService();
-    if (mTuner == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to get ITuner service");
-        return false;
-    }
+    ALOGE_IF(mTuner == nullptr, "Failed to get ITuner service");
     mTunerVersion = TUNER_HAL_VERSION_1_0;
 
     mTuner_1_1 = ::android::hardware::tv::tuner::V1_1::ITuner::castFrom(mTuner);
@@ -113,23 +75,35 @@
         ALOGD("Failed to get ITuner_1_1 service");
     }
 
-    return true;
+    // Register tuner resources to TRM.
+    updateTunerResources();
 }
 
-bool TunerHidlService::hasITuner_1_1() {
-    ALOGV("hasITuner_1_1");
-    hasITuner();
-    return (mTunerVersion == TUNER_HAL_VERSION_1_1);
+TunerHidlService::~TunerHidlService() {
+    mOpenedFrontends.clear();
+    mLnaStatus = -1;
+    mTuner = nullptr;
+    mTuner_1_1 = nullptr;
+}
+
+binder_status_t TunerHidlService::instantiate() {
+    if (HidlITuner::getService() == nullptr) {
+        ALOGD("Failed to get ITuner HIDL HAL");
+        return STATUS_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+
+    shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> tunerService = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlService>();
+    bool lazyHal = property_get_bool("ro.tuner.lazyhal", false);
+    if (lazyHal) {
+        return AServiceManager_registerLazyService(tunerService->asBinder().get(),
+                                                   getServiceName());
+    }
+    return AServiceManager_addService(tunerService->asBinder().get(), getServiceName());
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::openDemux(int32_t /* in_demuxHandle */,
                                                  shared_ptr<ITunerDemux>* _aidl_return) {
     ALOGV("openDemux");
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res;
     uint32_t id;
     sp<IDemux> demuxSp = nullptr;
@@ -140,7 +114,8 @@
         ALOGD("open demux, id = %d", demuxId);
     });
     if (res == HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
-        *_aidl_return = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlDemux>(demuxSp, id);
+        *_aidl_return = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlDemux>(demuxSp, id,
+                                                                   this->ref<TunerHidlService>());
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
 
@@ -150,11 +125,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::getDemuxCaps(DemuxCapabilities* _aidl_return) {
     ALOGV("getDemuxCaps");
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res;
     HidlDemuxCapabilities caps;
     mTuner->getDemuxCaps([&](HidlResult r, const HidlDemuxCapabilities& demuxCaps) {
@@ -171,11 +141,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::getFrontendIds(vector<int32_t>* ids) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     hidl_vec<HidlFrontendId> feIds;
     HidlResult res = getHidlFrontendIds(feIds);
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
@@ -188,12 +153,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::getFrontendInfo(int32_t id, FrontendInfo* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("ITuner service is not init.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlFrontendInfo info;
     HidlResult res = getHidlFrontendInfo(id, info);
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
@@ -202,7 +161,7 @@
 
     HidlFrontendDtmbCapabilities dtmbCaps;
     if (static_cast<HidlFrontendType>(info.type) == HidlFrontendType::DTMB) {
-        if (!hasITuner_1_1()) {
+        if (mTuner_1_1 == nullptr) {
             ALOGE("ITuner_1_1 service is not init.");
             return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                     static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
@@ -224,12 +183,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::openFrontend(int32_t frontendHandle,
                                                     shared_ptr<ITunerFrontend>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("ITuner service is not init.");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     sp<HidlIFrontend> frontend;
     int id = TunerHelper::getResourceIdFromHandle(frontendHandle, FRONTEND);
@@ -241,8 +194,8 @@
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(status));
     }
 
-    shared_ptr<TunerHidlFrontend> tunerFrontend =
-            ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlFrontend>(frontend, id);
+    shared_ptr<TunerHidlFrontend> tunerFrontend = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TunerHidlFrontend>(
+            frontend, id, this->ref<TunerHidlService>());
     if (mLnaStatus != -1) {
         tunerFrontend->setLna(mLnaStatus == 1);
     }
@@ -255,12 +208,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::openLnb(int lnbHandle, shared_ptr<ITunerLnb>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGD("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     sp<HidlILnb> lnb;
     int id = TunerHelper::getResourceIdFromHandle(lnbHandle, LNB);
@@ -278,12 +225,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::openLnbByName(const string& lnbName,
                                                      shared_ptr<ITunerLnb>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     int lnbId;
     HidlResult status;
     sp<HidlILnb> lnb;
@@ -302,12 +243,6 @@
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::openDescrambler(
         int32_t /*descramblerHandle*/, shared_ptr<ITunerDescrambler>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGD("get ITuner failed");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     sp<HidlIDescrambler> descrambler;
     //int id = TunerHelper::getResourceIdFromHandle(descramblerHandle, DESCRAMBLER);
@@ -324,7 +259,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::getTunerHalVersion(int* _aidl_return) {
-    hasITuner();
     *_aidl_return = mTunerVersion;
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -332,7 +266,7 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::openSharedFilter(
         const string& in_filterToken, const shared_ptr<ITunerFilterCallback>& in_cb,
         shared_ptr<ITunerFilter>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
+    if (mTuner == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("get ITuner failed");
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
@@ -369,7 +303,7 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlService::setLna(bool bEnable) {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
+    if (mTuner == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("get ITuner failed");
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
                 static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
@@ -428,11 +362,6 @@
 }
 
 void TunerHidlService::updateTunerResources() {
-    if (!hasITuner()) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to updateTunerResources");
-        return;
-    }
-
     TunerHelper::updateTunerResources(getTRMFrontendInfos(), getTRMLnbHandles());
 }
 
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.h b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.h
index 2252d35..6f43d43 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.h
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlService.h
@@ -99,11 +99,7 @@
     void removeSharedFilter(const shared_ptr<TunerHidlFilter>& sharedFilter);
     void removeFrontend(const shared_ptr<TunerHidlFrontend>& frontend);
 
-    static shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> getTunerService();
-
 private:
-    bool hasITuner();
-    bool hasITuner_1_1();
     void updateTunerResources();
     vector<TunerFrontendInfo> getTRMFrontendInfos();
     vector<int32_t> getTRMLnbHandles();
@@ -121,8 +117,6 @@
     Mutex mOpenedFrontendsLock;
     unordered_set<shared_ptr<TunerHidlFrontend>> mOpenedFrontends;
     int mLnaStatus = -1;
-
-    static shared_ptr<TunerHidlService> sTunerService;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tuner
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlTimeFilter.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlTimeFilter.cpp
index d0606d6..06a71d0 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlTimeFilter.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlTimeFilter.cpp
@@ -43,12 +43,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlTimeFilter::setTimeStamp(int64_t timeStamp) {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status = mTimeFilter->setTimeStamp(static_cast<uint64_t>(timeStamp));
     if (status != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(status));
@@ -57,12 +51,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlTimeFilter::clearTimeStamp() {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status = mTimeFilter->clearTimeStamp();
     if (status != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(status));
@@ -71,13 +59,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlTimeFilter::getSourceTime(int64_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        *_aidl_return = (int64_t)Constant64Bit::INVALID_PRESENTATION_TIME_STAMP;
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     mTimeFilter->getSourceTime([&](HidlResult r, uint64_t t) {
         status = r;
@@ -91,13 +72,6 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlTimeFilter::getTimeStamp(int64_t* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        *_aidl_return = (int64_t)Constant64Bit::INVALID_PRESENTATION_TIME_STAMP;
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult status;
     mTimeFilter->getTimeStamp([&](HidlResult r, uint64_t t) {
         status = r;
@@ -111,15 +85,7 @@
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus TunerHidlTimeFilter::close() {
-    if (mTimeFilter == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("ITimeFilter is not initialized");
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(Result::UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
-
     HidlResult res = mTimeFilter->close();
-    mTimeFilter = nullptr;
-
     if (res != HidlResult::SUCCESS) {
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
     }
diff --git a/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp b/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp
index a014dea..f8311ff 100644
--- a/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
     sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
     sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(8);
 
     // Check legacy HIDL HAL first. If it's not existed, use AIDL HAL.
     binder_status_t status = TunerHidlService::instantiate();
diff --git a/services/tuner/mediatuner.rc b/services/tuner/mediatuner.rc
index 6a3e199..90a0090 100644
--- a/services/tuner/mediatuner.rc
+++ b/services/tuner/mediatuner.rc
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
+# media.tuner service is not started by default unless tuner.server.enable is set
+# as "true" by TRM (Tuner Resource Manager). TRM checks ro.tuner.lazyhal, if it
+# isn't true , TRM sets tuner.server.enable as "true".
 service media.tuner /system/bin/mediatuner
     class main
     group media
     ioprio rt 4
-    onrestart restart vendor.tuner-hal-1-0
-    onrestart restart vendor.tuner-hal-1-1
-    onrestart restart vendor.tuner-default
     task_profiles ProcessCapacityHigh HighPerformance
+    interface aidl media.tuner
+    oneshot
+    disabled
+
+on property:tuner.server.enable=true
+    enable media.tuner