diff --git a/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h b/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h
index 200e92d..bd6db55 100644
--- a/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h
+++ b/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h
@@ -53,6 +53,83 @@
 //EL_FIXME 20 seconds may not be enough and must be reconciled with new obtainBuffer implementation
 #define MAX_RUN_OFFLOADED_TIMEOUT_MS 20000 // assuming up to a maximum of 20 seconds of offloaded
 
+// for audio_track_cblk_t::mState, to match TrackBase.h
+static inline constexpr int CBLK_STATE_IDLE = 0;
+static inline constexpr int CBLK_STATE_PAUSING = 7;
+
+/**
+ * MirroredVariable is a local variable which simultaneously updates
+ * a mirrored storage location.  This is useful for server side variables
+ * where a local copy is kept, but a client visible copy is offered through shared memory.
+ *
+ * We use std::atomic as the default container class to access this memory.
+ */
+template <typename T, template <typename> class Container = std::atomic>
+class MirroredVariable {
+    template <typename C>
+    struct Constraints {
+        // If setMirror is used with a different type U != T passed in,
+        // as a general rule, the Container must issue a memcpy to read or write
+        // (or its equivalent) to avoid possible strict aliasing issues.
+        // The memcpy also avoids gaps in structs and alignment issues with different types.
+        static constexpr bool ok_ = false;  // Containers must specify constraints.
+    };
+    template <typename X>
+    struct Constraints<std::atomic<X>> {
+        // Atomics force read and write to memory.
+        static constexpr bool ok = std::is_same_v<X, T> ||
+                (std::atomic<X>::is_always_lock_free                   // no additional locking
+                && sizeof(std::atomic<X>) == sizeof(X)                 // layout identical to X.
+                && (std::is_arithmetic_v<X> || std::is_enum_v<X>));    // No gaps in the layout.
+    };
+
+static_assert(Constraints<Container<T>>::ok);
+public:
+    explicit MirroredVariable(const T& t) : t_{t} {}
+
+    // implicit conversion operator
+    operator T() const {
+        return t_;
+    }
+
+    MirroredVariable& operator=(const T& t) {
+        t_ = t;
+        if (mirror_ != nullptr) {
+            *mirror_ = t;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U>
+    void setMirror(Container<U> *other_mirror) {
+        // Much of the concern is with T != U, however there are additional concerns
+        // when storage uses shared memory between processes.  For atomics, it must be
+        // lock free.
+        static_assert(sizeof(U) == sizeof(T));
+        static_assert(alignof(U) == alignof(T));
+        static_assert(Constraints<Container<U>>::ok);
+        static_assert(sizeof(Container<U>) == sizeof(Container<T>));
+        static_assert(alignof(Container<U>) == alignof(Container<T>));
+        auto mirror = reinterpret_cast<Container<T>*>(other_mirror);
+        if (mirror_ != mirror) {
+            mirror_ = mirror;
+            if (mirror != nullptr) {
+                *mirror = t_;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void clear() {
+        mirror_ = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    MirroredVariable& operator&() const = delete;
+
+protected:
+    T t_{};
+    Container<T>* mirror_ = nullptr;
+};
+
 struct AudioTrackSharedStreaming {
     // similar to NBAIO MonoPipe
     // in continuously incrementing frame units, take modulo buffer size, which must be a power of 2
@@ -188,6 +265,8 @@
 
     volatile    int32_t     mFlags;         // combinations of CBLK_*
 
+                std::atomic<int32_t>  mState; // current TrackBase state.
+
 public:
                 union {
                     AudioTrackSharedStreaming   mStreaming;
@@ -198,6 +277,9 @@
                 // Cache line boundary (32 bytes)
 };
 
+// TODO: ensure standard layout.
+// static_assert(std::is_standard_layout_v<audio_track_cblk_t>);
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // Proxy for shared memory control block, to isolate callers from needing to know the details.
@@ -323,6 +405,7 @@
         return mEpoch;
     }
 
+    int32_t getState() const { return mCblk->mState; }
     uint32_t      getBufferSizeInFrames() const { return mBufferSizeInFrames; }
     // See documentation for AudioTrack::setBufferSizeInFrames()
     uint32_t      setBufferSizeInFrames(uint32_t requestedSize);
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.cpp b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.cpp
index 342d771..57cdcd0 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.cpp
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@
     mOutputDelayRingBufferWritePos = 0;
     mOutputDelayRingBufferReadPos = 0;
     mOutputDelayRingBufferFilled = 0;
+    mOutputDelayRingBuffer.reset();
     mBuffersInfo.clear();
 
     status_t status = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
@@ -308,10 +309,7 @@
         aacDecoder_Close(mAACDecoder);
         mAACDecoder = nullptr;
     }
-    if (mOutputDelayRingBuffer) {
-        delete[] mOutputDelayRingBuffer;
-        mOutputDelayRingBuffer = nullptr;
-    }
+    mOutputDelayRingBuffer.reset();
 }
 
 status_t C2SoftAacDec::initDecoder() {
@@ -327,7 +325,7 @@
 
     mOutputDelayCompensated = 0;
     mOutputDelayRingBufferSize = 2048 * MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT * kNumDelayBlocksMax;
-    mOutputDelayRingBuffer = new short[mOutputDelayRingBufferSize];
+    mOutputDelayRingBuffer.reset(new short[mOutputDelayRingBufferSize]);
     mOutputDelayRingBufferWritePos = 0;
     mOutputDelayRingBufferReadPos = 0;
     mOutputDelayRingBufferFilled = 0;
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.h b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.h
index 986187c..a03fc70 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.h
+++ b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacDec.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     bool mEndOfOutput;
     int32_t mOutputDelayCompensated;
     int32_t mOutputDelayRingBufferSize;
-    short *mOutputDelayRingBuffer;
+    std::unique_ptr<short[]> mOutputDelayRingBuffer;
     int32_t mOutputDelayRingBufferWritePos;
     int32_t mOutputDelayRingBufferReadPos;
     int32_t mOutputDelayRingBufferFilled;
diff --git a/media/codec2/vndk/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.cpp b/media/codec2/vndk/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.cpp
index bee028a..2a888a8 100644
--- a/media/codec2/vndk/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/vndk/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.cpp
@@ -59,13 +59,14 @@
 
 c2_status_t C2PlatformStorePluginLoader::createBlockPool(
         ::C2Allocator::id_t allocatorId, ::C2BlockPool::local_id_t blockPoolId,
-        std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool>* pool) {
+        std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool>* pool,
+        std::function<void(C2BlockPool *)> deleter) {
     if (mCreateBlockPool == nullptr) {
         ALOGD("Handle or CreateBlockPool symbol is null");
         return C2_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<::C2BlockPool> ptr(mCreateBlockPool(allocatorId, blockPoolId));
+    std::shared_ptr<::C2BlockPool> ptr(mCreateBlockPool(allocatorId, blockPoolId), deleter);
     if (ptr) {
         *pool = ptr;
         return C2_OK;
@@ -75,14 +76,16 @@
 }
 
 c2_status_t C2PlatformStorePluginLoader::createAllocator(
-        ::C2Allocator::id_t allocatorId, std::shared_ptr<C2Allocator>* const allocator) {
+        ::C2Allocator::id_t allocatorId,
+        std::shared_ptr<C2Allocator>* const allocator,
+        std::function<void(C2Allocator *)> deleter) {
     if (mCreateAllocator == nullptr) {
         ALOGD("Handle or CreateAllocator symbol is null");
         return C2_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
     c2_status_t res = C2_CORRUPTED;
-    allocator->reset(mCreateAllocator(allocatorId, &res));
+    allocator->reset(mCreateAllocator(allocatorId, &res), deleter);
     if (res != C2_OK) {
         ALOGD("Failed to CreateAllocator by id: %u, res: %d", allocatorId, res);
         allocator->reset();
diff --git a/media/codec2/vndk/C2Store.cpp b/media/codec2/vndk/C2Store.cpp
index c07c09e..1660c38 100644
--- a/media/codec2/vndk/C2Store.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/vndk/C2Store.cpp
@@ -443,6 +443,7 @@
 public:
     _C2BlockPoolCache() : mBlockPoolSeqId(C2BlockPool::PLATFORM_START + 1) {}
 
+private:
     c2_status_t _createBlockPool(
             C2PlatformAllocatorStore::id_t allocatorId,
             std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const C2Component>> components,
@@ -456,14 +457,19 @@
         if (allocatorId == C2AllocatorStore::DEFAULT_LINEAR) {
             allocatorId = GetPreferredLinearAllocatorId(GetCodec2PoolMask());
         }
+        auto deleter = [this, poolId](C2BlockPool *pool) {
+            std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
+            mBlockPools.erase(poolId);
+            mComponents.erase(poolId);
+            delete pool;
+        };
         switch(allocatorId) {
             case C2PlatformAllocatorStore::ION: /* also ::DMABUFHEAP */
                 res = allocatorStore->fetchAllocator(
                         C2PlatformAllocatorStore::ION, &allocator);
                 if (res == C2_OK) {
-                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr =
-                            std::make_shared<C2PooledBlockPool>(
-                                    allocator, poolId);
+                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr(
+                            new C2PooledBlockPool(allocator, poolId), deleter);
                     *pool = ptr;
                     mBlockPools[poolId] = ptr;
                     mComponents[poolId].insert(
@@ -475,9 +481,8 @@
                 res = allocatorStore->fetchAllocator(
                         C2PlatformAllocatorStore::BLOB, &allocator);
                 if (res == C2_OK) {
-                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr =
-                            std::make_shared<C2PooledBlockPool>(
-                                    allocator, poolId);
+                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr(
+                            new C2PooledBlockPool(allocator, poolId), deleter);
                     *pool = ptr;
                     mBlockPools[poolId] = ptr;
                     mComponents[poolId].insert(
@@ -490,8 +495,8 @@
                 res = allocatorStore->fetchAllocator(
                         C2AllocatorStore::DEFAULT_GRAPHIC, &allocator);
                 if (res == C2_OK) {
-                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr =
-                        std::make_shared<C2PooledBlockPool>(allocator, poolId);
+                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr(
+                        new C2PooledBlockPool(allocator, poolId), deleter);
                     *pool = ptr;
                     mBlockPools[poolId] = ptr;
                     mComponents[poolId].insert(
@@ -503,9 +508,8 @@
                 res = allocatorStore->fetchAllocator(
                         C2PlatformAllocatorStore::BUFFERQUEUE, &allocator);
                 if (res == C2_OK) {
-                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr =
-                            std::make_shared<C2BufferQueueBlockPool>(
-                                    allocator, poolId);
+                    std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr(
+                            new C2BufferQueueBlockPool(allocator, poolId), deleter);
                     *pool = ptr;
                     mBlockPools[poolId] = ptr;
                     mComponents[poolId].insert(
@@ -517,7 +521,7 @@
                 // Try to create block pool from platform store plugins.
                 std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr;
                 res = C2PlatformStorePluginLoader::GetInstance()->createBlockPool(
-                        allocatorId, poolId, &ptr);
+                        allocatorId, poolId, &ptr, deleter);
                 if (res == C2_OK) {
                     *pool = ptr;
                     mBlockPools[poolId] = ptr;
@@ -530,17 +534,20 @@
         return res;
     }
 
+public:
     c2_status_t createBlockPool(
             C2PlatformAllocatorStore::id_t allocatorId,
             std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const C2Component>> components,
             std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> *pool) {
+        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
         return _createBlockPool(allocatorId, components, mBlockPoolSeqId++, pool);
     }
 
-    bool getBlockPool(
+    c2_status_t getBlockPool(
             C2BlockPool::local_id_t blockPoolId,
             std::shared_ptr<const C2Component> component,
             std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> *pool) {
+        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
         // TODO: use one iterator for multiple blockpool type scalability.
         std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> ptr;
         auto it = mBlockPools.find(blockPoolId);
@@ -558,14 +565,22 @@
                         });
                 if (found != mComponents[blockPoolId].end()) {
                     *pool = ptr;
-                    return true;
+                    return C2_OK;
                 }
             }
         }
-        return false;
+        // TODO: remove this. this is temporary
+        if (blockPoolId == C2BlockPool::PLATFORM_START) {
+            return _createBlockPool(
+                    C2PlatformAllocatorStore::BUFFERQUEUE, {component}, blockPoolId, pool);
+        }
+        return C2_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
 private:
+    // Deleter needs to hold this mutex, and there is a small chance that deleter
+    // is invoked while the mutex is held.
+    std::recursive_mutex mMutex;
     C2BlockPool::local_id_t mBlockPoolSeqId;
 
     std::map<C2BlockPool::local_id_t, std::weak_ptr<C2BlockPool>> mBlockPools;
@@ -574,7 +589,6 @@
 
 static std::unique_ptr<_C2BlockPoolCache> sBlockPoolCache =
     std::make_unique<_C2BlockPoolCache>();
-static std::mutex sBlockPoolCacheMutex;
 
 } // anynymous namespace
 
@@ -582,15 +596,12 @@
         C2BlockPool::local_id_t id, std::shared_ptr<const C2Component> component,
         std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> *pool) {
     pool->reset();
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(sBlockPoolCacheMutex);
     std::shared_ptr<C2AllocatorStore> allocatorStore = GetCodec2PlatformAllocatorStore();
     std::shared_ptr<C2Allocator> allocator;
     c2_status_t res = C2_NOT_FOUND;
 
     if (id >= C2BlockPool::PLATFORM_START) {
-        if (sBlockPoolCache->getBlockPool(id, component, pool)) {
-            return C2_OK;
-        }
+        return sBlockPoolCache->getBlockPool(id, component, pool);
     }
 
     switch (id) {
@@ -606,11 +617,6 @@
             *pool = std::make_shared<C2BasicGraphicBlockPool>(allocator);
         }
         break;
-    // TODO: remove this. this is temporary
-    case C2BlockPool::PLATFORM_START:
-        res = sBlockPoolCache->_createBlockPool(
-                C2PlatformAllocatorStore::BUFFERQUEUE, {component}, id, pool);
-        break;
     default:
         break;
     }
@@ -623,7 +629,6 @@
         std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> *pool) {
     pool->reset();
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(sBlockPoolCacheMutex);
     return sBlockPoolCache->createBlockPool(allocatorId, components, pool);
 }
 
@@ -633,7 +638,6 @@
         std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> *pool) {
     pool->reset();
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(sBlockPoolCacheMutex);
     return sBlockPoolCache->createBlockPool(allocatorId, {component}, pool);
 }
 
diff --git a/media/codec2/vndk/include/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.h b/media/codec2/vndk/include/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.h
index 4c10643..73d1b5e 100644
--- a/media/codec2/vndk/include/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.h
+++ b/media/codec2/vndk/include/C2PlatformStorePluginLoader.h
@@ -61,9 +61,11 @@
      * \retval C2_NOT_FOUND the extension symbol was not found.
      * \retval C2_BAD_INDEX the input allocatorId is not defined in platform store extension.
      */
-    c2_status_t createBlockPool(::C2Allocator::id_t allocatorId,
-                                ::C2BlockPool::local_id_t blockPoolId,
-                                std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool>* pool);
+    c2_status_t createBlockPool(
+            ::C2Allocator::id_t allocatorId,
+            ::C2BlockPool::local_id_t blockPoolId,
+            std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool>* pool,
+            std::function<void(C2BlockPool *)> deleter = std::default_delete<C2BlockPool>());
 
     /**
      * Creates allocator from platform store extension.
@@ -81,8 +83,10 @@
      * \retval C2_BAD_INDEX the input allocatorId is not defined in platform store extension.
      * \retval C2_NO_MEMORY not enough memory to create the allocator
      */
-    c2_status_t createAllocator(::C2Allocator::id_t allocatorId,
-                                std::shared_ptr<C2Allocator>* const allocator);
+    c2_status_t createAllocator(
+            ::C2Allocator::id_t allocatorId,
+            std::shared_ptr<C2Allocator>* const allocator,
+            std::function<void(C2Allocator *)> deleter = std::default_delete<C2Allocator>());
 
 private:
     explicit C2PlatformStorePluginLoader(const char *libPath);
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
index 5f802de..3bc666b 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include <android/media/IAudioPolicyService.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
@@ -947,6 +948,44 @@
     mAudioTrack->flush();
 }
 
+bool AudioTrack::pauseAndWait(const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout)
+{
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+    pause();
+
+    AutoMutex lock(mLock);
+    // offload and direct tracks do not wait because pause volume ramp is handled by hardware.
+    if (isOffloadedOrDirect_l()) return true;
+
+    // Wait for the track state to be anything besides pausing.
+    // This ensures that the volume has ramped down.
+    constexpr auto SLEEP_INTERVAL_MS = 10ms;
+    auto begin = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    while (true) {
+        // wait for state to change
+        const int state = mProxy->getState();
+
+        mLock.unlock(); // only local variables accessed until lock.
+        auto elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - begin);
+        if (state != CBLK_STATE_PAUSING) {
+            ALOGV("%s: success state:%d after %lld ms", __func__, state, elapsed.count());
+            return true;
+        }
+        std::chrono::milliseconds remaining = timeout - elapsed;
+        if (remaining.count() <= 0) {
+            ALOGW("%s: timeout expired state:%d still pausing:%d after %lld ms",
+                    __func__, state, CBLK_STATE_PAUSING, elapsed.count());
+            return false;
+        }
+        // It is conceivable that the track is restored while sleeping;
+        // as this logic is advisory, we allow that.
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::min(remaining, SLEEP_INTERVAL_MS));
+        mLock.lock();
+    }
+}
+
 void AudioTrack::pause()
 {
     const int64_t beginNs = systemTime();
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
index cb00990..6b592cb 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <utils/threads.h>
 #include <android/content/AttributionSourceState.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "android/media/BnAudioTrackCallback.h"
@@ -510,6 +511,14 @@
      */
             void        pause();
 
+    /* Pause and wait (with timeout) for the audio track to ramp to silence.
+     *
+     * \param timeout is the time limit to wait before returning.
+     *                A negative number is treated as 0.
+     * \return true if the track is ramped to silence, false if the timeout occurred.
+     */
+            bool        pauseAndWait(const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout);
+
     /* Set volume for this track, mostly used for games' sound effects
      * left and right volumes. Levels must be >= 0.0 and <= 1.0.
      * This is the older API.  New applications should use setVolume(float) when possible.
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/lib/Eq/src/LVEQNB_Control.cpp b/media/libeffects/lvm/lib/Eq/src/LVEQNB_Control.cpp
index 7e5caed..1eadd27 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/lib/Eq/src/LVEQNB_Control.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/lib/Eq/src/LVEQNB_Control.cpp
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@
      */
     pInstance->eqBiquad.resize(pParams->NBands,
                                android::audio_utils::BiquadFilter<LVM_FLOAT>(pParams->NrChannels));
-    LVEQNB_ClearFilterHistory(pInstance);
 
     if (bChange || modeChange) {
+        LVEQNB_ClearFilterHistory(pInstance);
         /*
          * If the sample rate has changed clear the history
          */
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectBundleTest.cpp b/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectBundleTest.cpp
index 881ffb1..018cb7c 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectBundleTest.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectBundleTest.cpp
@@ -14,29 +14,39 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <system/audio_effects/effect_bassboost.h>
+#include <system/audio_effects/effect_equalizer.h>
+#include <system/audio_effects/effect_virtualizer.h>
 #include "EffectTestHelper.h"
-using namespace android;
 
-// Update isBassBoost, if the order of effects is updated
-constexpr effect_uuid_t kEffectUuids[] = {
+using namespace android;
+typedef enum {
+    EFFECT_BASS_BOOST,
+    EFFECT_EQUALIZER,
+    EFFECT_VIRTUALIZER,
+    EFFECT_VOLUME
+} effect_type_t;
+
+const std::map<effect_type_t, effect_uuid_t> kEffectUuids = {
         // NXP SW BassBoost
-        {0x8631f300, 0x72e2, 0x11df, 0xb57e, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}},
-        // NXP SW Virtualizer
-        {0x1d4033c0, 0x8557, 0x11df, 0x9f2d, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}},
+        {EFFECT_BASS_BOOST,
+         {0x8631f300, 0x72e2, 0x11df, 0xb57e, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}}},
         // NXP SW Equalizer
-        {0xce772f20, 0x847d, 0x11df, 0xbb17, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}},
+        {EFFECT_EQUALIZER,
+         {0xce772f20, 0x847d, 0x11df, 0xbb17, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}}},
+        // NXP SW Virtualizer
+        {EFFECT_VIRTUALIZER,
+         {0x1d4033c0, 0x8557, 0x11df, 0x9f2d, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}}},
         // NXP SW Volume
-        {0x119341a0, 0x8469, 0x11df, 0x81f9, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}},
+        {EFFECT_VOLUME, {0x119341a0, 0x8469, 0x11df, 0x81f9, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}}},
 };
 
-static bool isBassBoost(const effect_uuid_t* uuid) {
-    // Update this, if the order of effects in kEffectUuids is updated
-    return uuid == &kEffectUuids[0];
-}
+const size_t kNumEffectUuids = std::size(kEffectUuids);
 
-constexpr size_t kNumEffectUuids = std::size(kEffectUuids);
+constexpr float kMinAmplitude = -1.0f;
+constexpr float kMaxAmplitude = 1.0f;
 
-typedef std::tuple<int, int, int, int, int> SingleEffectTestParam;
+using SingleEffectTestParam = std::tuple<int, int, int, int, int>;
 class SingleEffectTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<SingleEffectTestParam> {
   public:
     SingleEffectTest()
@@ -46,7 +56,8 @@
           mFrameCount(EffectTestHelper::kFrameCounts[std::get<2>(GetParam())]),
           mLoopCount(EffectTestHelper::kLoopCounts[std::get<3>(GetParam())]),
           mTotalFrameCount(mFrameCount * mLoopCount),
-          mUuid(&kEffectUuids[std::get<4>(GetParam())]) {}
+          mEffectType((effect_type_t)std::get<4>(GetParam())),
+          mUuid(kEffectUuids.at(mEffectType)) {}
 
     const size_t mChMask;
     const size_t mChannelCount;
@@ -54,7 +65,8 @@
     const size_t mFrameCount;
     const size_t mLoopCount;
     const size_t mTotalFrameCount;
-    const effect_uuid_t* mUuid;
+    const effect_type_t mEffectType;
+    const effect_uuid_t mUuid;
 };
 
 // Tests applying a single effect
@@ -63,7 +75,7 @@
                  << "chMask: " << mChMask << " sampleRate: " << mSampleRate
                  << " frameCount: " << mFrameCount << " loopCount: " << mLoopCount);
 
-    EffectTestHelper effect(mUuid, mChMask, mChMask, mSampleRate, mFrameCount, mLoopCount);
+    EffectTestHelper effect(&mUuid, mChMask, mChMask, mSampleRate, mFrameCount, mLoopCount);
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(effect.createEffect());
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(effect.setConfig());
@@ -72,7 +84,7 @@
     std::vector<float> input(mTotalFrameCount * mChannelCount);
     std::vector<float> output(mTotalFrameCount * mChannelCount);
     std::minstd_rand gen(mChMask);
-    std::uniform_real_distribution<> dis(-1.0f, 1.0f);
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<> dis(kMinAmplitude, kMaxAmplitude);
     for (auto& in : input) {
         in = dis(gen);
     }
@@ -88,7 +100,7 @@
                            ::testing::Range(0, (int)EffectTestHelper::kNumLoopCounts),
                            ::testing::Range(0, (int)kNumEffectUuids)));
 
-typedef std::tuple<int, int, int, int> SingleEffectComparisonTestParam;
+using SingleEffectComparisonTestParam = std::tuple<int, int, int, int>;
 class SingleEffectComparisonTest
     : public ::testing::TestWithParam<SingleEffectComparisonTestParam> {
   public:
@@ -97,13 +109,15 @@
           mFrameCount(EffectTestHelper::kFrameCounts[std::get<1>(GetParam())]),
           mLoopCount(EffectTestHelper::kLoopCounts[std::get<2>(GetParam())]),
           mTotalFrameCount(mFrameCount * mLoopCount),
-          mUuid(&kEffectUuids[std::get<3>(GetParam())]) {}
+          mEffectType((effect_type_t)std::get<3>(GetParam())),
+          mUuid(kEffectUuids.at(mEffectType)) {}
 
     const size_t mSampleRate;
     const size_t mFrameCount;
     const size_t mLoopCount;
     const size_t mTotalFrameCount;
-    const effect_uuid_t* mUuid;
+    const effect_type_t mEffectType;
+    const effect_uuid_t mUuid;
 };
 
 // Compares first two channels in multi-channel output to stereo output when same effect is applied
@@ -115,7 +129,7 @@
     std::vector<float> monoInput(mTotalFrameCount);
 
     std::minstd_rand gen(mSampleRate);
-    std::uniform_real_distribution<> dis(-1.0f, 1.0f);
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<> dis(kMinAmplitude, kMaxAmplitude);
     for (auto& in : monoInput) {
         in = dis(gen);
     }
@@ -126,7 +140,7 @@
                     mTotalFrameCount * sizeof(float) * FCC_1);
 
     // Apply effect on stereo channels
-    EffectTestHelper stereoEffect(mUuid, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+    EffectTestHelper stereoEffect(&mUuid, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
                                   mSampleRate, mFrameCount, mLoopCount);
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stereoEffect.createEffect());
@@ -142,7 +156,7 @@
 
     for (size_t chMask : EffectTestHelper::kChMasks) {
         size_t channelCount = audio_channel_count_from_out_mask(chMask);
-        EffectTestHelper testEffect(mUuid, chMask, chMask, mSampleRate, mFrameCount, mLoopCount);
+        EffectTestHelper testEffect(&mUuid, chMask, chMask, mSampleRate, mFrameCount, mLoopCount);
 
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.createEffect());
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setConfig());
@@ -170,7 +184,7 @@
         memcpy_to_i16_from_float(stereoTestI16.data(), stereoTestOutput.data(),
                                  mTotalFrameCount * FCC_2);
 
-        if (isBassBoost(mUuid)) {
+        if (EFFECT_BASS_BOOST == mEffectType) {
             // SNR must be above the threshold
             float snr = computeSnr<int16_t>(stereoRefI16.data(), stereoTestI16.data(),
                                             mTotalFrameCount * FCC_2);
@@ -191,6 +205,135 @@
                            ::testing::Range(0, (int)EffectTestHelper::kNumLoopCounts),
                            ::testing::Range(0, (int)kNumEffectUuids)));
 
+using SingleEffectDefaultSetParamTestParam = std::tuple<int, int, int>;
+class SingleEffectDefaultSetParamTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<SingleEffectDefaultSetParamTestParam> {
+  public:
+    SingleEffectDefaultSetParamTest()
+        : mChMask(EffectTestHelper::kChMasks[std::get<0>(GetParam())]),
+          mChannelCount(audio_channel_count_from_out_mask(mChMask)),
+          mSampleRate(16000),
+          mFrameCount(EffectTestHelper::kFrameCounts[std::get<1>(GetParam())]),
+          mLoopCount(1),
+          mTotalFrameCount(mFrameCount * mLoopCount),
+          mEffectType((effect_type_t)std::get<2>(GetParam())),
+          mUuid(kEffectUuids.at(mEffectType)) {}
+
+    const size_t mChMask;
+    const size_t mChannelCount;
+    const size_t mSampleRate;
+    const size_t mFrameCount;
+    const size_t mLoopCount;
+    const size_t mTotalFrameCount;
+    const effect_type_t mEffectType;
+    const effect_uuid_t mUuid;
+};
+
+// Tests verifying that redundant setParam calls do not alter output
+TEST_P(SingleEffectDefaultSetParamTest, SimpleProcess) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message()
+                 << "chMask: " << mChMask << " sampleRate: " << mSampleRate
+                 << " frameCount: " << mFrameCount << " loopCount: " << mLoopCount);
+    // effect.process() handles mTotalFrameCount * mChannelCount samples in each call.
+    // This test calls process() twice per effect, hence total samples when allocating
+    // input and output vectors is twice the number of samples processed in one call.
+    size_t totalNumSamples = 2 * mTotalFrameCount * mChannelCount;
+    // Initialize input buffer with deterministic pseudo-random values
+    std::vector<float> input(totalNumSamples);
+    std::minstd_rand gen(mChMask);
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<> dis(kMinAmplitude, kMaxAmplitude);
+    for (auto& in : input) {
+        in = dis(gen);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t key;
+    int32_t value1, value2;
+    switch (mEffectType) {
+        case EFFECT_BASS_BOOST:
+            key = BASSBOOST_PARAM_STRENGTH;
+            value1 = 1;
+            value2 = 14;
+            break;
+        case EFFECT_VIRTUALIZER:
+            key = VIRTUALIZER_PARAM_STRENGTH;
+            value1 = 0;
+            value2 = 100;
+            break;
+        case EFFECT_EQUALIZER:
+            key = EQ_PARAM_CUR_PRESET;
+            value1 = 0;
+            value2 = 1;
+            break;
+        case EFFECT_VOLUME:
+            key = 0 /* VOLUME_PARAM_LEVEL */;
+            value1 = 0;
+            value2 = -100;
+            break;
+        default:
+            FAIL() << "Unsupported effect type : " << mEffectType;
+    }
+
+    EffectTestHelper refEffect(&mUuid, mChMask, mChMask, mSampleRate, mFrameCount, mLoopCount);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(refEffect.createEffect());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(refEffect.setConfig());
+
+    if (EFFECT_BASS_BOOST == mEffectType) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(refEffect.setParam<int16_t>(key, value1));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(refEffect.setParam<int32_t>(key, value1));
+    }
+    std::vector<float> refOutput(totalNumSamples);
+    float* pInput = input.data();
+    float* pOutput = refOutput.data();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(refEffect.process(pInput, pOutput));
+
+    pInput += totalNumSamples / 2;
+    pOutput += totalNumSamples / 2;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(refEffect.process(pInput, pOutput));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(refEffect.releaseEffect());
+
+    EffectTestHelper testEffect(&mUuid, mChMask, mChMask, mSampleRate, mFrameCount, mLoopCount);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.createEffect());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setConfig());
+
+    if (EFFECT_BASS_BOOST == mEffectType) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setParam<int16_t>(key, value1));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setParam<int32_t>(key, value1));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<float> testOutput(totalNumSamples);
+    pInput = input.data();
+    pOutput = testOutput.data();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.process(pInput, pOutput));
+
+    // Call setParam once to change the parameters, and then call setParam again
+    // to restore the parameters to the initial state, making the first setParam
+    // call redundant
+    if (EFFECT_BASS_BOOST == mEffectType) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setParam<int16_t>(key, value2));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setParam<int16_t>(key, value1));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setParam<int32_t>(key, value2));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.setParam<int32_t>(key, value1));
+    }
+
+    pInput += totalNumSamples / 2;
+    pOutput += totalNumSamples / 2;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.process(pInput, pOutput));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(testEffect.releaseEffect());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(areNearlySame(refOutput.data(), testOutput.data(), totalNumSamples))
+            << "Outputs do not match with default setParam calls";
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        EffectBundleTestAll, SingleEffectDefaultSetParamTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(::testing::Range(0, (int)EffectTestHelper::kNumChMasks),
+                           ::testing::Range(0, (int)EffectTestHelper::kNumFrameCounts),
+                           ::testing::Range(0, (int)kNumEffectUuids)));
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.cpp b/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.cpp
index 625c15a..ec727c7 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.cpp
@@ -50,23 +50,6 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(reply, 0) << "cmd_enable reply non zero " << reply;
 }
 
-void EffectTestHelper::setParam(uint32_t type, uint32_t value) {
-    int reply = 0;
-    uint32_t replySize = sizeof(reply);
-    uint32_t paramData[2] = {type, value};
-    auto effectParam = new effect_param_t[sizeof(effect_param_t) + sizeof(paramData)];
-    memcpy(&effectParam->data[0], &paramData[0], sizeof(paramData));
-    effectParam->psize = sizeof(paramData[0]);
-    effectParam->vsize = sizeof(paramData[1]);
-    int status = (*mEffectHandle)
-                         ->command(mEffectHandle, EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM,
-                                   sizeof(effect_param_t) + sizeof(paramData), effectParam,
-                                   &replySize, &reply);
-    delete[] effectParam;
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, 0) << "set_param returned an error " << status;
-    ASSERT_EQ(reply, 0) << "set_param reply non zero " << reply;
-}
-
 void EffectTestHelper::process(float* input, float* output) {
     audio_buffer_t inBuffer = {.frameCount = mFrameCount, .f32 = input};
     audio_buffer_t outBuffer = {.frameCount = mFrameCount, .f32 = output};
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.h b/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.h
index 3854d46..bcee84e 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.h
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/tests/EffectTestHelper.h
@@ -50,6 +50,23 @@
     return snr;
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+static float areNearlySame(const T* ref, const T* tst, size_t count) {
+    T delta;
+    if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<T>) {
+        delta = std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon();
+    } else {
+        delta = 1;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        const double diff(tst[i] - ref[i]);
+        if (abs(diff) > delta) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 class EffectTestHelper {
   public:
     EffectTestHelper(const effect_uuid_t* uuid, size_t inChMask, size_t outChMask,
@@ -65,7 +82,25 @@
     void createEffect();
     void releaseEffect();
     void setConfig();
-    void setParam(uint32_t type, uint32_t val);
+    template <typename VALUE_DTYPE>
+    void setParam(uint32_t type, VALUE_DTYPE const value) {
+        int reply = 0;
+        uint32_t replySize = sizeof(reply);
+
+        uint8_t paramData[sizeof(effect_param_t) + sizeof(type) + sizeof(value)];
+        auto effectParam = (effect_param_t*)paramData;
+
+        memcpy(&effectParam->data[0], &type, sizeof(type));
+        memcpy(&effectParam->data[sizeof(type)], &value, sizeof(value));
+        effectParam->psize = sizeof(type);
+        effectParam->vsize = sizeof(value);
+        int status = (*mEffectHandle)
+                             ->command(mEffectHandle, EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM,
+                                       sizeof(effect_param_t) + sizeof(type) + sizeof(value),
+                                       effectParam, &replySize, &reply);
+        ASSERT_EQ(status, 0) << "set_param returned an error " << status;
+        ASSERT_EQ(reply, 0) << "set_param reply non zero " << reply;
+    };
     void process(float* input, float* output);
 
     // Corresponds to SNR for 1 bit difference between two int16_t signals
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
index d278a01..f85887e 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "MediaPlayerService"
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
@@ -2467,8 +2468,13 @@
 void MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::pause()
 {
     ALOGV("pause");
+    // We use pauseAndWait() instead of pause() to ensure tracks ramp to silence before
+    // any flush. We choose 40 ms timeout to allow 1 deep buffer mixer period
+    // to occur.  Often waiting is 0 - 20 ms.
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+    constexpr auto TIMEOUT_MS = 40ms;
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);
-    if (mTrack != 0) mTrack->pause();
+    if (mTrack != 0) mTrack->pauseAndWait(TIMEOUT_MS);
 }
 
 void MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::close()
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp b/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
index efd4070..b513e45 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
@@ -883,9 +883,18 @@
     }
 
     int32_t width, height, stride;
-    CHECK(outputFormat->findInt32("width", &width));
-    CHECK(outputFormat->findInt32("height", &height));
-    CHECK(outputFormat->findInt32("stride", &stride));
+    if (outputFormat->findInt32("width", &width) == false) {
+        ALOGE("MediaImageDecoder::onOutputReceived:width is missing in outputFormat");
+        return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+    }
+    if (outputFormat->findInt32("height", &height) == false) {
+        ALOGE("MediaImageDecoder::onOutputReceived:height is missing in outputFormat");
+        return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+    }
+    if (outputFormat->findInt32("stride", &stride) == false) {
+        ALOGE("MediaImageDecoder::onOutputReceived:stride is missing in outputFormat");
+        return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+    }
 
     if (mFrame == NULL) {
         sp<IMemory> frameMem = allocVideoFrame(
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MediaAppender.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MediaAppender.cpp
index 5d80b30..21dcfa1 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MediaAppender.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MediaAppender.cpp
@@ -75,10 +75,21 @@
         return status;
     }
 
-    if (strcmp("MPEG4Extractor", mExtractor->getName()) == 0) {
+    sp<AMessage> fileFormat;
+    status = mExtractor->getFileFormat(&fileFormat);
+    if (status != OK) {
+        ALOGE("extractor_getFileFormat failed, status :%d", status);
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    AString fileMime;
+    fileFormat->findString("mime", &fileMime);
+    // only compare the end of the file MIME type to allow for vendor customized mime type
+    if (fileMime.endsWith("mp4")){
         mFormat = MediaMuxer::OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4;
     } else {
-        ALOGE("Unsupported format, extractor name:%s", mExtractor->getName());
+        ALOGE("Unsupported file format, extractor name:%s, fileformat %s",
+              mExtractor->getName(), fileMime.c_str());
         return ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
     }
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.cpp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.cpp
index 93b5a83..7e60be2 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.cpp
@@ -38,14 +38,13 @@
     mInterArrivalJitterUs = inter;
 }
 
-void JitterCalc::putBaseData(int64_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTimeUs) {
-    // A RTP time wraps around after UINT32_MAX. We must consider this case.
-    const int64_t UINT32_MSB = 0x80000000;
-    int64_t overflowMask = (mFirstTimeStamp & UINT32_MSB & ~rtpTime) << 1;
-    int64_t tempRtpTime = overflowMask | rtpTime;
+void JitterCalc::putBaseData(uint32_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTimeUs) {
+    // A RTP time wraps around after UINT32_MAX. Overflow can present.
+    uint32_t diff = 0;
+    __builtin_usub_overflow(rtpTime, mFirstTimeStamp, &diff);
 
     // Base jitter implementation can be various
-    int64_t scheduledTimeUs = (tempRtpTime - (int64_t)mFirstTimeStamp) * 1000000ll / mClockRate;
+    int64_t scheduledTimeUs = ((int32_t)diff) * 1000000ll / mClockRate;
     int64_t elapsedTimeUs = arrivalTimeUs - mFirstArrivalTimeUs;
     int64_t correctionTimeUs = elapsedTimeUs - scheduledTimeUs; // additional propagation delay;
     mBaseJitterUs = (mBaseJitterUs * 15 + correctionTimeUs) / 16;
@@ -53,18 +52,13 @@
             (long long)mBaseJitterUs, (long long)correctionTimeUs);
 }
 
-void JitterCalc::putInterArrivalData(int64_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTimeUs) {
-    const int64_t UINT32_MSB = 0x80000000;
-    int64_t tempRtpTime = rtpTime;
-    int64_t tempLastTimeStamp = mLastTimeStamp;
-
-    // A RTP time wraps around after UINT32_MAX. We must consider this case.
-    int64_t overflowMask = (mLastTimeStamp ^ rtpTime) & UINT32_MSB;
-    tempRtpTime |= ((overflowMask & ~rtpTime) << 1);
-    tempLastTimeStamp |= ((overflowMask & ~mLastTimeStamp) << 1);
+void JitterCalc::putInterArrivalData(uint32_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTimeUs) {
+    // A RTP time wraps around after UINT32_MAX. Overflow can present.
+    uint32_t diff = 0;
+    __builtin_usub_overflow(rtpTime, mLastTimeStamp, &diff);
 
     // 6.4.1 of RFC3550 defines this interarrival jitter value.
-    int64_t diffTimeStampUs = abs(tempRtpTime - tempLastTimeStamp) * 1000000ll / mClockRate;
+    int64_t diffTimeStampUs = abs((int32_t)diff) * 1000000ll / mClockRate;
     int64_t diffArrivalUs = arrivalTimeUs - mLastArrivalTimeUs; // Can't be minus
     ALOGV("diffTimeStampUs %lld \t\t diffArrivalUs %lld",
             (long long)diffTimeStampUs, (long long)diffArrivalUs);
@@ -72,7 +66,7 @@
     int64_t varianceUs = diffArrivalUs - diffTimeStampUs;
     mInterArrivalJitterUs = (mInterArrivalJitterUs * 15 + abs(varianceUs)) / 16;
 
-    mLastTimeStamp = (uint32_t)rtpTime;
+    mLastTimeStamp = rtpTime;
     mLastArrivalTimeUs = arrivalTimeUs;
 }
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.h b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.h
index ff36f1f..4f3b761 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.h
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/JitterCalculator.h
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
     JitterCalc(int32_t clockRate);
 
     void init(uint32_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTimeUs, int32_t base, int32_t inter);
-    void putInterArrivalData(int64_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTime);
-    void putBaseData(int64_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTimeUs);
+    void putInterArrivalData(uint32_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTime);
+    void putBaseData(uint32_t rtpTime, int64_t arrivalTimeUs);
     int32_t getBaseJitterMs();
     int32_t getInterArrivalJitterMs();
 };
diff --git a/media/ndk/NdkMediaFormat.cpp b/media/ndk/NdkMediaFormat.cpp
index c1793ce..51f6c78 100644
--- a/media/ndk/NdkMediaFormat.cpp
+++ b/media/ndk/NdkMediaFormat.cpp
@@ -200,8 +200,11 @@
     AString tmp;
     if (mData->mFormat->findString(name, &tmp)) {
         String8 ret(tmp.c_str());
-        mData->mStringCache.add(String8(name), ret);
-        *out = ret.string();
+        ssize_t i = mData->mStringCache.add(String8(name), ret);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        *out = mData->mStringCache.valueAt(i).string();
         return true;
     }
     return false;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
index b9cdab8..746d875 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
@@ -5089,7 +5089,7 @@
                 break;
             case TrackBase::IDLE:
             default:
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("unexpected track state %d", track->mState);
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("unexpected track state %d", (int)track->mState);
             }
 
             if (isActive) {
@@ -5148,7 +5148,7 @@
                     // TODO Remove the ALOGW when this theory is confirmed.
                     ALOGW("fast track %d should have been active; "
                             "mState=%d, mTrackMask=%#x, recentUnderruns=%u, isShared=%d",
-                            j, track->mState, state->mTrackMask, recentUnderruns,
+                            j, (int)track->mState, state->mTrackMask, recentUnderruns,
                             track->sharedBuffer() != 0);
                     // Since the FastMixer state already has the track inactive, do nothing here.
                 }
@@ -8041,7 +8041,7 @@
                 ALOGV("active record track PAUSING -> ACTIVE");
                 recordTrack->mState = TrackBase::ACTIVE;
             } else {
-                ALOGV("active record track state %d", recordTrack->mState);
+                ALOGV("active record track state %d", (int)recordTrack->mState);
             }
             return status;
         }
@@ -8067,7 +8067,7 @@
             }
             if (recordTrack->mState != TrackBase::STARTING_1) {
                 ALOGW("%s(%d): unsynchronized mState:%d change",
-                    __func__, recordTrack->id(), recordTrack->mState);
+                    __func__, recordTrack->id(), (int)recordTrack->mState);
                 // Someone else has changed state, let them take over,
                 // leave mState in the new state.
                 recordTrack->clearSyncStartEvent();
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/TrackBase.h b/services/audioflinger/TrackBase.h
index 92f129c..5311fe2 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/TrackBase.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/TrackBase.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 class TrackBase : public ExtendedAudioBufferProvider, public RefBase {
 
 public:
-    enum track_state {
+    enum track_state : int32_t {
         IDLE,
         FLUSHED,        // for PlaybackTracks only
         STOPPED,
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@
 
     void releaseCblk() {
         if (mCblk != nullptr) {
+            mState.clear();
             mCblk->~audio_track_cblk_t();   // destroy our shared-structure.
             if (mClient == 0) {
                 free(mCblk);
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@
                                     // except for OutputTrack when it is in local memory
     size_t              mBufferSize; // size of mBuffer in bytes
     // we don't really need a lock for these
-    track_state         mState;
+    MirroredVariable<track_state>  mState;
     const audio_attributes_t mAttr;
     const uint32_t      mSampleRate;    // initial sample rate only; for tracks which
                         // support dynamic rates, the current value is in control block
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
index d2a30b1..e0c5fa5 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
@@ -234,7 +234,11 @@
 #ifdef TEE_SINK
         mTee.set(sampleRate, mChannelCount, format, NBAIO_Tee::TEE_FLAG_TRACK);
 #endif
-
+        // mState is mirrored for the client to read.
+        mState.setMirror(&mCblk->mState);
+        // ensure our state matches up until we consolidate the enumeration.
+        static_assert(CBLK_STATE_IDLE == IDLE);
+        static_assert(CBLK_STATE_PAUSING == PAUSING);
     }
 }
 
@@ -933,7 +937,7 @@
     buffer->raw = buf.mRaw;
     if (buf.mFrameCount == 0 && !isStopping() && !isStopped() && !isPaused() && !isOffloaded()) {
         ALOGV("%s(%d): underrun,  framesReady(%zu) < framesDesired(%zd), state: %d",
-                __func__, mId, buf.mFrameCount, desiredFrames, mState);
+                __func__, mId, buf.mFrameCount, desiredFrames, (int)mState);
         mAudioTrackServerProxy->tallyUnderrunFrames(desiredFrames);
     } else {
         mAudioTrackServerProxy->tallyUnderrunFrames(0);
@@ -1590,7 +1594,7 @@
                                       (mState == STOPPED)))) {
         ALOGW("%s(%d): in invalid state %d on session %d %s mode, framesReady %zu",
               __func__, mId,
-              mState, mSessionId, (mSharedBuffer != 0) ? "static" : "stream", framesReady());
+              (int)mState, mSessionId, (mSharedBuffer != 0) ? "static" : "stream", framesReady());
         event->cancel();
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
index cc2d8e8..cb9d700 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
@@ -6548,7 +6548,7 @@
     outputDesc->setVolume(
             volumeDb, volumeSource, curves.getStreamTypes(), deviceTypes, delayMs, force);
 
-    if (isVoiceVolSrc || isBtScoVolSrc) {
+    if (outputDesc == mPrimaryOutput && (isVoiceVolSrc || isBtScoVolSrc)) {
         float voiceVolume;
         // Force voice volume to max or mute for Bluetooth SCO as other attenuations are managed by the headset
         if (isVoiceVolSrc) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h
index e2f8d011..1b2ceda 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
     static const int MAX_INITIAL_PREVIEW_WIDTH = 1920;
     static const int MAX_INITIAL_PREVIEW_HEIGHT = 1080;
     // Aspect ratio tolerance
-    static const CONSTEXPR float ASPECT_RATIO_TOLERANCE = 0.001;
+    static const CONSTEXPR float ASPECT_RATIO_TOLERANCE = 0.01;
     // Threshold for slow jpeg mode
     static const int64_t kSlowJpegModeThreshold = 33400000LL; // 33.4 ms
     // Margin for checking FPS
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/BufferUtils.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/BufferUtils.h
index 1e1cd60..03112ec 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/BufferUtils.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/BufferUtils.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 
         // Return the removed buffer ID if input cache is found.
         // Otherwise return BUFFER_ID_NO_BUFFER
-        uint64_t removeOneBufferCache(int streamId, const native_handle_t* handle);
+        uint64_t removeOneBufferCache(int streamId, const native_handle_t* handle) override;
 
         // Clear all caches for input stream, but do not remove the stream
         // Removed buffers' ID are returned
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
index fd645c7..87c1c75 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
@@ -4132,6 +4132,11 @@
     return mBufferRecords.getBufferId(buf, streamId);
 }
 
+uint64_t Camera3Device::HalInterface::removeOneBufferCache(int streamId,
+        const native_handle_t* handle) {
+    return mBufferRecords.removeOneBufferCache(streamId, handle);
+}
+
 void Camera3Device::HalInterface::onBufferFreed(
         int streamId, const native_handle_t* handle) {
     uint32_t bufferId = mBufferRecords.removeOneBufferCache(streamId, handle);
@@ -4778,6 +4783,26 @@
     return submitRequestSuccess;
 }
 
+status_t Camera3Device::removeFwkOnlyRegionKeys(CameraMetadata *request) {
+    static const std::array<uint32_t, 4> kFwkOnlyRegionKeys = {ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_REGIONS_SET,
+        ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_REGIONS_SET, ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_REGIONS_SET,
+        ANDROID_SCALER_CROP_REGION_SET};
+    if (request == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s request metadata nullptr", __FUNCTION__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    status_t res = OK;
+    for (const auto &key : kFwkOnlyRegionKeys) {
+        if (request->exists(key)) {
+            res = request->erase(key);
+            if (res != OK) {
+                return res;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
 status_t Camera3Device::RequestThread::prepareHalRequests() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
@@ -4837,6 +4862,12 @@
                             it != captureRequest->mSettingsList.end(); it++) {
                         if (parent->mUHRCropAndMeteringRegionMappers.find(it->cameraId) ==
                                 parent->mUHRCropAndMeteringRegionMappers.end()) {
+                            if (removeFwkOnlyRegionKeys(&(it->metadata)) != OK) {
+                                SET_ERR("RequestThread: Unable to remove fwk-only keys from request"
+                                        "%d: %s (%d)", halRequest->frame_number, strerror(-res),
+                                        res);
+                                return INVALID_OPERATION;
+                            }
                             continue;
                         }
 
@@ -4851,6 +4882,12 @@
                                 return INVALID_OPERATION;
                             }
                             captureRequest->mUHRCropAndMeteringRegionsUpdated = true;
+                            if (removeFwkOnlyRegionKeys(&(it->metadata)) != OK) {
+                                SET_ERR("RequestThread: Unable to remove fwk-only keys from request"
+                                        "%d: %s (%d)", halRequest->frame_number, strerror(-res),
+                                        res);
+                                return INVALID_OPERATION;
+                            }
                         }
                     }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
index 39714f0..df941b2 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@
 
   private:
     status_t disconnectImpl();
+    static status_t removeFwkOnlyRegionKeys(CameraMetadata *request);
 
     // internal typedefs
     using RequestMetadataQueue = hardware::MessageQueue<uint8_t, hardware::kSynchronizedReadWrite>;
@@ -412,6 +413,8 @@
         std::pair<bool, uint64_t> getBufferId(
                 const buffer_handle_t& buf, int streamId) override;
 
+        uint64_t removeOneBufferCache(int streamId, const native_handle_t* handle) override;
+
         status_t popInflightBuffer(int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId,
                 /*out*/ buffer_handle_t **buffer) override;
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputInterface.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputInterface.h
index 8817833..40eef1d 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputInterface.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputInterface.h
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@
         // return pair of (newlySeenBuffer?, bufferId)
         virtual std::pair<bool, uint64_t> getBufferId(const buffer_handle_t& buf, int streamId) = 0;
 
+        // Return the removed buffer ID if input cache is found.
+        // Otherwise return BUFFER_ID_NO_BUFFER
+        virtual uint64_t removeOneBufferCache(int streamId, const native_handle_t* handle) = 0;
+
         // Find a buffer_handle_t based on frame number and stream ID
         virtual status_t popInflightBuffer(int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId,
                 /*out*/ buffer_handle_t **buffer) = 0;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
index 9f225d0..5a97f4b 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
@@ -1305,6 +1305,7 @@
         hardware::hidl_vec<StreamBuffer> tmpRetBuffers(numBuffersRequested);
         bool currentReqSucceeds = true;
         std::vector<camera_stream_buffer_t> streamBuffers(numBuffersRequested);
+        std::vector<buffer_handle_t> newBuffers;
         size_t numAllocatedBuffers = 0;
         size_t numPushedInflightBuffers = 0;
         for (size_t b = 0; b < numBuffersRequested; b++) {
@@ -1344,6 +1345,9 @@
             hBuf.buffer = (isNewBuffer) ? *buffer : nullptr;
             hBuf.status = BufferStatus::OK;
             hBuf.releaseFence = nullptr;
+            if (isNewBuffer) {
+                newBuffers.push_back(*buffer);
+            }
 
             native_handle_t *acquireFence = nullptr;
             if (sb.acquire_fence != -1) {
@@ -1386,6 +1390,9 @@
             returnOutputBuffers(states.useHalBufManager, /*listener*/nullptr,
                     streamBuffers.data(), numAllocatedBuffers, 0, /*requested*/false,
                     /*requestTimeNs*/0, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+            for (auto buf : newBuffers) {
+                states.bufferRecordsIntf.removeOneBufferCache(streamId, buf);
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/ExifUtilsTest.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/ExifUtilsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3de4bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/ExifUtilsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "ExifUtilsTest"
+
+#include <camera/CameraMetadata.h>
+#include "../utils/ExifUtils.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using android::camera3::ExifUtils;
+using android::camera3::ExifOrientation;
+using android::CameraMetadata;
+
+uint32_t kImageWidth = 1920;
+uint32_t kImageHeight = 1440;
+ExifOrientation kExifOrientation = ExifOrientation::ORIENTATION_0_DEGREES;
+
+// Test that setFromMetadata works correctly, without errors.
+TEST(ExifUtilsTest, SetFromMetadataTest) {
+    std::unique_ptr<ExifUtils> utils(ExifUtils::create());
+    uint8_t invalidSensorPixelMode = 2;
+    uint8_t validSensorPixelMode = ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE_DEFAULT;
+    CameraMetadata metadata;
+    // Empty staticInfo
+    CameraMetadata staticInfo;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(utils->initializeEmpty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+            metadata.update(ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE, &invalidSensorPixelMode, 1) == android::OK);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(utils->setFromMetadata(metadata, staticInfo, kImageWidth, kImageHeight));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+            metadata.update(ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE, &validSensorPixelMode, 1) == android::OK);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(utils->setFromMetadata(metadata, staticInfo, kImageWidth, kImageHeight));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(utils->setImageWidth(kImageWidth));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(utils->setImageHeight(kImageHeight));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(utils->setOrientationValue(kExifOrientation));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(utils->generateApp1());
+    const uint8_t* exifBuffer = utils->getApp1Buffer();
+    ASSERT_NE(exifBuffer, nullptr);
+    size_t exifBufferSize = utils->getApp1Length();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(exifBufferSize != 0);
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/ExifUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/ExifUtils.cpp
index 485705c..21f02db 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/ExifUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/ExifUtils.cpp
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@
     camera_metadata_ro_entry sensorPixelModeEntry = metadata.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE);
     if (sensorPixelModeEntry.count != 0) {
         sensorPixelMode = sensorPixelModeEntry.data.u8[0];
-        if (sensorPixelMode != ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE_DEFAULT ||
+        if (sensorPixelMode != ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE_DEFAULT &&
             sensorPixelMode != ANDROID_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION) {
             ALOGE("%s: Request sensor pixel mode is not one of the valid values %d",
                       __FUNCTION__, sensorPixelMode);