diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp
index 6bb0cbe..750ce1c 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioPolicy.cpp
@@ -203,9 +203,10 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-bool AudioMix::hasMatchUserIdRule() const {
+bool AudioMix::hasUserIdRule(bool match) const {
+    const uint32_t rule = match ? RULE_MATCH_USERID : RULE_EXCLUDE_USERID;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mCriteria.size(); i++) {
-        if (mCriteria[i].mRule == RULE_MATCH_USERID) {
+        if (mCriteria[i].mRule == rule) {
             return true;
         }
     }
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h
index 61f2069..3fd438e 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioPolicy.h
@@ -61,7 +61,10 @@
 #define MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK (0x1 << 1)
 /** Loop back some audio while it is rendered */
 #define MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK_AND_RENDER (MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER | MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK)
-#define MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_ALL (MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER | MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK)
+/** Control if audio routing disallows preferred device routing **/
+#define MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_DISALLOWS_PREFERRED_DEVICE (0x1 << 2)
+#define MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_ALL (MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER | MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK | \
+    MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_DISALLOWS_PREFERRED_DEVICE)
 
 #define MAX_MIXES_PER_POLICY 10
 #define MAX_CRITERIA_PER_MIX 20
@@ -112,9 +115,9 @@
     void setMatchUserId(int userId);
     /** returns true if this mix has a rule to match or exclude the given userId */
     bool hasUserIdRule(bool match, int userId) const;
-    /** returns true if this mix has a rule for userId match (any userId) */
-    bool hasMatchUserIdRule() const;
-    /** returns true if this mix can be used for uid-device affinity routing */
+    /** returns true if this mix has a rule to match or exclude (any userId) */
+    bool hasUserIdRule(bool match) const;
+    /** returns true if this mix has a rule for userId exclude (any userId) */
     bool isDeviceAffinityCompatible() const;
 
     std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mCriteria;
@@ -147,6 +150,11 @@
            == MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK;
 }
 
+static inline bool is_mix_disallows_preferred_device(uint32_t routeFlags) {
+    return (routeFlags & MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_DISALLOWS_PREFERRED_DEVICE)
+           == MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_DISALLOWS_PREFERRED_DEVICE;
+}
+
 }; // namespace android
 
 #endif  // ANDROID_AUDIO_POLICY_H
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
index 54a143c..92292e1 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
@@ -62,11 +62,24 @@
     void closeOutput(sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> &desc);
 
     /**
-     * Try to find an output descriptor for the given attributes.
+     * Tries to find the best matching audio policy mix
      *
-     * @param[in] attributes to consider fowr the research of output descriptor.
-     * @param[out] desc to return if an primary output could be found.
-     * @param[out] secondaryDesc other desc that the audio should be routed to.
+     * @param[in] attributes to consider for the research of the audio policy mix.
+     * @param[in] config to consider for the research of the audio policy mix.
+     * @param[in] uid to consider for the research of the audio policy mix.
+     * @param[in] session to consider for the research of the audio policy mix.
+     * @param[in] flags to consider for the research of the audio policy mix.
+     * @param[in] availableOutputDevices available output devices can be use during the research
+     *      of the audio policy mix
+     * @param[in] requestedDevice currently requested device that can be used determined if the
+     *      matching audio policy mix should be used instead of the currently set preferred device.
+     * @param[out] primaryMix to return in case a matching audio plicy mix could be found.
+     * @param[out] secondaryMixes that audio should be routed to in case a matching
+     *      secondary mixes could be found.
+     * @param[out] usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes to return in case the audio policy mix
+     *      should be use, including the case where the requested device is explicitly disallowed
+     *      by the audio policy.
+     *
      * @return OK if the request is valid
      *         otherwise if the request is not supported
      */
@@ -75,8 +88,11 @@
                               uid_t uid,
                               audio_session_t session,
                               audio_output_flags_t flags,
+                              const DeviceVector &availableOutputDevices,
+                              const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& requestedDevice,
                               sp<AudioPolicyMix> &primaryMix,
-                              std::vector<sp<AudioPolicyMix>> *secondaryMixes);
+                              std::vector<sp<AudioPolicyMix>> *secondaryMixes,
+                              bool& usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes);
 
     sp<DeviceDescriptor> getDeviceAndMixForInputSource(const audio_attributes_t& attributes,
                                                        const DeviceVector &availableDeviceTypes,
@@ -132,6 +148,13 @@
                             const audio_config_base_t& config,
                             uid_t uid,
                             audio_session_t session);
+    bool mixDisallowsRequestedDevice(const AudioMix* mix,
+                            const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& requestedDevice,
+                            const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& mixDevice,
+                            const uid_t uid);
+
+    sp<DeviceDescriptor> getOutputDeviceForMix(const AudioMix* mix,
+                            const DeviceVector& availableOutputDevices);
 };
 
 std::optional<std::string> extractAddressFromAudioAttributes(const audio_attributes_t& attr);
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
index 003dcaf..ba5a6a7 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #define LOG_TAG "APM_AudioPolicyMix"
-//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
@@ -259,14 +259,25 @@
         const audio_attributes_t& attributes, const audio_config_base_t& config, const uid_t uid,
         const audio_session_t session,
         audio_output_flags_t flags,
+        const DeviceVector &availableOutputDevices,
+        const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& requestedDevice,
         sp<AudioPolicyMix> &primaryMix,
-        std::vector<sp<AudioPolicyMix>> *secondaryMixes)
+        std::vector<sp<AudioPolicyMix>> *secondaryMixes,
+        bool& usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes)
 {
     ALOGV("getOutputForAttr() querying %zu mixes:", size());
     primaryMix.clear();
+    bool mixesDisallowsRequestedDevice = false;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
         sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix = itemAt(i);
         const bool primaryOutputMix = !is_mix_loopback_render(policyMix->mRouteFlags);
+        sp<DeviceDescriptor> mixDevice = getOutputDeviceForMix(policyMix.get(),
+            availableOutputDevices);
+        if (mixDisallowsRequestedDevice(policyMix.get(), requestedDevice, mixDevice, uid)) {
+            ALOGV("%s: Mix %zu: does not allows device", __func__, i);
+            mixesDisallowsRequestedDevice = true;
+        }
+
         if (!primaryOutputMix && (flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ)) {
             // AAudio does not support MMAP_NO_IRQ loopback render, and there is no way with
             // the current MmapStreamInterface::start to reject a specific client added to a shared
@@ -288,6 +299,11 @@
             continue; // skip the mix
         }
 
+        if (mixDevice != nullptr && mixDevice->equals(requestedDevice)) {
+            ALOGV("%s: Mix %zu: requested device mathches", __func__, i);
+            mixesDisallowsRequestedDevice = false;
+        }
+
         if (primaryOutputMix) {
             primaryMix = policyMix;
             ALOGV("%s: Mix %zu: set primary desc", __func__, i);
@@ -298,9 +314,36 @@
             }
         }
     }
+
+    // Explicit routing is higher priority than dynamic policy primary output, but policy may
+    // explicitly deny it
+    usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes =
+        (mixesDisallowsRequestedDevice || requestedDevice == nullptr) && primaryMix != nullptr;
+
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+sp<DeviceDescriptor> AudioPolicyMixCollection::getOutputDeviceForMix(const AudioMix* mix,
+                                                    const DeviceVector& availableOutputDevices) {
+    ALOGV("%s: device (0x%x, addr=%s) forced by mix", __func__, mix->mDeviceType,
+        mix->mDeviceAddress.c_str());
+    return availableOutputDevices.getDevice(mix->mDeviceType, mix->mDeviceAddress,
+        AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+}
+
+bool AudioPolicyMixCollection::mixDisallowsRequestedDevice(const AudioMix* mix,
+                                                     const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& requestedDevice,
+                                                     const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& mixDevice,
+                                                     const uid_t uid) {
+    if (requestedDevice == nullptr || mixDevice == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return is_mix_disallows_preferred_device(mix->mRouteFlags)
+        && requestedDevice->equals(mixDevice)
+        && mix->hasUserIdRule(false /* match */, multiuser_get_user_id(uid));
+}
+
 bool AudioPolicyMixCollection::mixMatch(const AudioMix* mix, size_t mixIndex,
     const audio_attributes_t& attributes, const audio_config_base_t& config,
     uid_t uid, audio_session_t session) {
@@ -361,11 +404,7 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
         if (itemAt(i)->getOutput() == output) {
             // This Desc is involved in a Mix, which has the highest prio
-            audio_devices_t deviceType = itemAt(i)->mDeviceType;
-            String8 address = itemAt(i)->mDeviceAddress;
-            ALOGV("%s: device (0x%x, addr=%s) forced by mix",
-                  __FUNCTION__, deviceType, address.c_str());
-            return availableOutputDevices.getDevice(deviceType, address, AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+            return getOutputDeviceForMix(itemAt(i).get(), availableOutputDevices);
         }
     }
     return nullptr;
@@ -568,13 +607,14 @@
                 break;
             }
         }
-        if (!deviceMatch && !mix->hasMatchUserIdRule()) {
+        if (!deviceMatch && !mix->hasUserIdRule(true /*match*/)) {
             // this mix doesn't go to one of the listed devices for the given userId,
             // and it's not already restricting the mix on a userId,
             // modify its rules to exclude the userId
-            if (!mix->hasUserIdRule(false /*match*/, userId)) {
+            if (!mix->hasUserIdRule(false /* match */, userId)) {
                 // no need to do it again if userId is already excluded
                 mix->setExcludeUserId(userId);
+                mix->mRouteFlags = mix->mRouteFlags | MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_DISALLOWS_PREFERRED_DEVICE;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -595,6 +635,10 @@
         EraseCriteriaIf(mix->mCriteria, [userId](const AudioMixMatchCriterion& c) {
             return c.mRule == RULE_EXCLUDE_USERID && c.mValue.mUserId == userId;
         });
+
+        if (!mix->hasUserIdRule(false /* match */)) {
+            mix->mRouteFlags = mix->mRouteFlags & ~MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_DISALLOWS_PREFERRED_DEVICE;
+        }
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
index 0f2b34e..e910c3d 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
@@ -1168,6 +1168,8 @@
     ALOGV("%s() attributes=%s stream=%s session %d selectedDeviceId %d", __func__,
           toString(*resultAttr).c_str(), toString(*stream).c_str(), session, requestedPortId);
 
+    bool usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes = false;
+
     // The primary output is the explicit routing (eg. setPreferredDevice) if specified,
     //       otherwise, fallback to the dynamic policies, if none match, query the engine.
     // Secondary outputs are always found by dynamic policies as the engine do not support them
@@ -1177,14 +1179,12 @@
         .format = config->format,
     };
     status = mPolicyMixes.getOutputForAttr(*resultAttr, clientConfig, uid, session, *flags,
-                                           primaryMix, secondaryMixes);
+                                           mAvailableOutputDevices, requestedDevice, primaryMix,
+                                           secondaryMixes, usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes);
     if (status != OK) {
         return status;
     }
 
-    // Explicit routing is higher priority then any dynamic policy primary output
-    bool usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes = requestedDevice == nullptr && primaryMix != nullptr;
-
     // FIXME: in case of RENDER policy, the output capabilities should be checked
     if ((secondaryMixes != nullptr && !secondaryMixes->empty())
             && !audio_is_linear_pcm(config->format)) {
@@ -6730,6 +6730,7 @@
     SortedVector<audio_io_handle_t> dstOutputs = getOutputsForDevices(newDevices, mOutputs);
 
     uint32_t maxLatency = 0;
+    bool unneededUsePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes = false;
     std::vector<sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>> invalidatedOutputs;
     // take into account dynamic audio policies related changes: if a client is now associated
     // to a different policy mix than at creation time, invalidate corresponding stream
@@ -6744,7 +6745,9 @@
             }
             sp<AudioPolicyMix> primaryMix;
             status_t status = mPolicyMixes.getOutputForAttr(client->attributes(), client->config(),
-                    client->uid(), client->session(), client->flags(), primaryMix, nullptr);
+                    client->uid(), client->session(), client->flags(), mAvailableOutputDevices,
+                    nullptr /* requestedDevice */, primaryMix, nullptr /* secondaryMixes */,
+                    unneededUsePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes);
             if (status != OK) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -6842,13 +6845,16 @@
 void AudioPolicyManager::checkSecondaryOutputs() {
     PortHandleVector clientsToInvalidate;
     TrackSecondaryOutputsMap trackSecondaryOutputs;
+    bool unneededUsePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes = false;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mOutputs.size(); i++) {
         const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDescriptor = mOutputs[i];
         for (const sp<TrackClientDescriptor>& client : outputDescriptor->getClientIterable()) {
             sp<AudioPolicyMix> primaryMix;
             std::vector<sp<AudioPolicyMix>> secondaryMixes;
             status_t status = mPolicyMixes.getOutputForAttr(client->attributes(), client->config(),
-                    client->uid(), client->session(), client->flags(), primaryMix, &secondaryMixes);
+                    client->uid(), client->session(), client->flags(), mAvailableOutputDevices,
+                    nullptr /* requestedDevice */, primaryMix, &secondaryMixes,
+                    unneededUsePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes);
             std::vector<sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>> secondaryDescs;
             for (auto &secondaryMix : secondaryMixes) {
                 sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> outputDesc = secondaryMix->getOutput();
@@ -8282,9 +8288,11 @@
     // check dynamic policies but only for primary descriptors (secondary not used for audible
     // audio routing, only used for duplication for playback capture)
     sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix;
+    bool unneededUsePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes = false;
     status_t status = mPolicyMixes.getOutputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_CONFIG_BASE_INITIALIZER,
-            0 /*uid unknown here*/, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE, policyMix,
-            nullptr /* secondaryMixes */);
+            0 /*uid unknown here*/, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE,
+            mAvailableOutputDevices, nullptr /* requestedDevice */, policyMix,
+            nullptr /* secondaryMixes */, unneededUsePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes);
     if (status != OK) {
         return status;
     }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
index 3f38d01..d209c81 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@
     return criterion;
 }
 
+AudioMixMatchCriterion createUserIdCriterion(int userId, bool exclude = false) {
+    AudioMixMatchCriterion criterion;
+    criterion.mValue.mUserId = userId;
+    criterion.mRule = exclude ? RULE_EXCLUDE_USERID : RULE_MATCH_USERID;
+    return criterion;
+}
+
 AudioMixMatchCriterion createUsageCriterion(audio_usage_t usage, bool exclude = false) {
     AudioMixMatchCriterion criterion;
     criterion.mValue.mUsage = usage;
@@ -2161,11 +2168,17 @@
     std::string getConfigFile() override { return sCarConfig; }
 
     static const std::string sCarConfig;
+    static const std::string sCarBusMediaOutput;
+    static const std::string sCarBusNavigationOutput;
 };
 
 const std::string AudioPolicyManagerCarTest::sCarConfig =
         AudioPolicyManagerCarTest::sExecutableDir + "test_car_ap_atmos_offload_configuration.xml";
 
+const std::string AudioPolicyManagerCarTest::sCarBusMediaOutput = "bus0_media_out";
+
+const std::string AudioPolicyManagerCarTest::sCarBusNavigationOutput = "bus1_navigation_out";
+
 TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, InitSuccess) {
     // SetUp must finish with no assertions.
 }
@@ -2177,9 +2190,8 @@
 TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrAtmosOutputAfterRegisteringPolicyMix) {
     status_t ret;
     audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
-    const std::string kTestBusMediaOutput = "bus0_media_out";
     ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, kTestBusMediaOutput, audioConfig);
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig);
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
 
     audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
@@ -2207,6 +2219,289 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(k48000SamplingRate, outDesc->getSamplingRate());
 }
 
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrAfterRegisteringPolicyMix) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    audio_port_v7 mediaDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusMediaOutput, &mediaDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t mediaAttribute = {
+            AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA,
+            AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, mediaAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(mediaDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrWithSelectedOutputAfterRegisteringPolicyMix) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    audio_port_v7 navDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusNavigationOutput, &navDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = navDevicePort.id;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t mediaAttribute = {
+            AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA,
+            AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, mediaAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrWithSelectedOutputAfterUserAffinities) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddr mediaOutputDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector outputDevices = {mediaOutputDevice};
+    mManager->setUserIdDeviceAffinities(0, outputDevices);
+    audio_port_v7 navDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusNavigationOutput, &navDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = navDevicePort.id;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t mediaAttribute = {
+                AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA,
+                AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, mediaAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrWithExcludeUserIdCriteria) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false),
+                createUserIdCriterion(/* userId */ 0, /* exclude */ true)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    audio_port_v7 navDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusNavigationOutput, &navDevicePort));
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t navigationAttribute = {
+                AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, navigationAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrWithSelectedOutputExcludeUserIdCriteria) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false),
+                createUserIdCriterion(0 /* userId */, /* exclude */ true)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    audio_port_v7 navDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusNavigationOutput, &navDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = navDevicePort.id;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t mediaAttribute = {
+                AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA,
+                AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, mediaAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest,
+        GetOutputForAttrWithMatchingMixAndSelectedOutputAfterUserAffinities) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddr mediaOutputDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddr navOutputDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector outputDevices = {mediaOutputDevice, navOutputDevice};
+    mManager->setUserIdDeviceAffinities(0, outputDevices);
+    audio_port_v7 navDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusNavigationOutput, &navDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = navDevicePort.id;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t mediaAttribute = {
+                AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA,
+                AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, mediaAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest,
+        GetOutputForAttrWithNoMatchingMaxAndSelectedOutputAfterUserAffinities) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddr mediaOutputDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddr navOutputDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector outputDevices = {mediaOutputDevice, navOutputDevice};
+    mManager->setUserIdDeviceAffinities(0, outputDevices);
+    audio_port_v7 navDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusNavigationOutput, &navDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = navDevicePort.id;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t alarmAttribute = {
+                AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_ALARM,
+                AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, alarmAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrWithNoMatchingMix) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> navMatchCriteria = {
+                createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE,
+                    /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput, audioConfig, navMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddr mediaOutputDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMediaOutput);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddr navOutputDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusNavigationOutput);
+    const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector outputDevices = {mediaOutputDevice, navOutputDevice};
+    mManager->setUserIdDeviceAffinities(0, outputDevices);
+    audio_port_v7 navDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+            sCarBusNavigationOutput, &navDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = navDevicePort.id;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t alarmAttribute = {
+                AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_ALARM,
+                AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(&selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT, &output, &portId, alarmAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
 class AudioPolicyManagerTVTest : public AudioPolicyManagerTestWithConfigurationFile {
 protected:
     std::string getConfigFile() override { return sTvConfig; }