Add 'watch' command to CameraService

Currently there is no way to monitor tags and dump per frame data from
Camera devices without calling dumpsys, which in turn dumps a lot of
unnecessary information.

This CL adds a 'watch' command to CameraService which can be called
through `cmd`. 'watch' provides a path to manage tag monitoring without
dumpsys. 'watch' currently has four functions:
1. start <taglist>: starts mornitoring the provided tags in attached
                    devices.
2. stop: stop monitoring all tags
3. live: prints monitored information to the terminal live
4. dump: dumps any collected camera traces

This CL adds a function to camera device each for the three tag
monitoring function listed above.

Test: n/a
Bug: 199746421
Change-Id: Ia5ce13f6e50c82085afcc676309cdbffef915a41
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
index 49d5cd8..88c0bb5 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
@@ -3115,6 +3115,21 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t CameraService::BasicClient::startWatchingTags(const String8&, int) {
+    // Can't watch tags directly, must go through CameraService::startWatchingTags
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t CameraService::BasicClient::stopWatchingTags(int) {
+    // Can't watch tags directly, must go through CameraService::stopWatchingTags
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t CameraService::BasicClient::dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &) {
+    // Can't watch tags directly, must go through CameraService::dumpWatchedEventsToVector
+    return OK;
+}
+
 String16 CameraService::BasicClient::getPackageName() const {
     return mClientPackageName;
 }
@@ -4136,7 +4151,7 @@
 
     // Dump camera traces if there were any
     dprintf(fd, "\n");
-    camera3::CameraTraces::dump(fd, args);
+    camera3::CameraTraces::dump(fd);
 
     // Process dump arguments, if any
     int n = args.size();
@@ -4534,9 +4549,11 @@
         return handleGetImageDumpMask(out);
     } else if (args.size() >= 2 && args[0] == String16("set-camera-mute")) {
         return handleSetCameraMute(args);
+    } else if (args.size() >= 2 && args[0] == String16("watch")) {
+        return handleWatchCommand(args, out);
     } else if (args.size() == 1 && args[0] == String16("help")) {
         printHelp(out);
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     printHelp(err);
     return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -4680,6 +4697,134 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t CameraService::handleWatchCommand(const Vector<String16>& args, int out) {
+    if (args.size() == 3 && args[1] == String16("start")) {
+        return startWatchingTags(args[2], out);
+    } else if (args.size() == 2 && args[1] == String16("dump")) {
+        return camera3::CameraTraces::dump(out);
+    } else if (args.size() == 2 && args[1] == String16("stop")) {
+        return stopWatchingTags(out);
+    } else if (args.size() >= 2 && args[1] == String16("live")) {
+        return printWatchedTagsUntilInterrupt(args, out);
+    }
+    dprintf(out, "Camera service watch commands:\n"
+                 "  start <comma_separated_tag_list> starts watching the provided tags\n"
+                 "                                   recognizes shorthands like '3a'\n"
+                 "  dump dumps camera trace\n"
+                 "  stop stops watching all tags\n"
+                 "  live prints the monitored information in real time\n"
+                 "        Hit Ctrl+C to stop.\n");
+  return BAD_VALUE;
+}
+
+status_t CameraService::startWatchingTags(const String16 &tags, int outFd) {
+    // track tags to initialize future clients with the monitoring information
+    mMonitorTags = String8(tags);
+
+    auto cameraClients = mActiveClientManager.getAll();
+    for (const auto &clientDescriptor: cameraClients) {
+        if (clientDescriptor == nullptr) { continue; }
+        sp<BasicClient> client = clientDescriptor->getValue();
+        if (client.get() == nullptr) { continue; }
+        client->startWatchingTags(mMonitorTags, outFd);
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t CameraService::stopWatchingTags(int outFd) {
+    // clear mMonitorTags to prevent new clients from monitoring tags at initialization
+    mMonitorTags = String8::empty();
+
+    auto cameraClients = mActiveClientManager.getAll();
+    for (const auto &clientDescriptor : cameraClients) {
+        if (clientDescriptor == nullptr) { continue; }
+        sp<BasicClient> client = clientDescriptor->getValue();
+        if (client.get() == nullptr) { continue; }
+        client->stopWatchingTags(outFd);
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t CameraService::printWatchedTagsUntilInterrupt(const Vector<String16> &args, int outFd) {
+    useconds_t refreshTimeoutMs = 1000; // refresh every 1s by default
+
+    if (args.size() > 2) {
+        size_t intervalIdx; // index of refresh interval argument
+        for (intervalIdx = 2;
+             intervalIdx < args.size()
+                && String16("-n") != args[intervalIdx]
+                && String16("--interval") != args[intervalIdx];
+             intervalIdx++);
+
+        size_t intervalValIdx = intervalIdx + 1;
+        if (intervalValIdx < args.size()) {
+            refreshTimeoutMs = strtol(String8(args[intervalValIdx].string()), nullptr, 10);
+            if (errno) { return BAD_VALUE; }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> cameraToLastEvent;
+    auto cameraClients = mActiveClientManager.getAll();
+
+    if (cameraClients.empty()) {
+        dprintf(outFd, "No clients connected.\n");
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    dprintf(outFd, "Press Ctrl + C to exit...\n\n");
+    while (true) {
+        for (const auto& clientDescriptor : cameraClients) {
+            if (clientDescriptor == nullptr) { continue; }
+            const char* cameraId = clientDescriptor->getKey().string();
+
+            // This also initializes the map entries with an empty string
+            const std::string& lastPrintedEvent = cameraToLastEvent[cameraId];
+
+            sp<BasicClient> client = clientDescriptor->getValue();
+            if (client.get() == nullptr) { continue; }
+
+            std::vector<std::string> latestEvents;
+            client->dumpWatchedEventsToVector(latestEvents);
+
+            if (!latestEvents.empty()) {
+                printNewWatchedEvents(outFd,
+                                      cameraId,
+                                      client->getPackageName(),
+                                      latestEvents,
+                                      lastPrintedEvent);
+                cameraToLastEvent[cameraId] = latestEvents[0];
+            }
+        }
+        usleep(refreshTimeoutMs * 1000);  // convert ms to us
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+void CameraService::printNewWatchedEvents(int outFd,
+                                          const char *cameraId,
+                                          const String16 &packageName,
+                                          const std::vector<std::string> &events,
+                                          const std::string &lastPrintedEvent) {
+    if (events.empty()) { return; }
+
+    // index of lastPrintedEvent in events.
+    // lastPrintedIdx = events.size() if lastPrintedEvent is not in events
+    size_t lastPrintedIdx;
+    for (lastPrintedIdx = 0;
+         lastPrintedIdx < events.size() && lastPrintedEvent != events[lastPrintedIdx];
+         lastPrintedIdx++);
+
+    if (lastPrintedIdx == 0) { return; } // early exit if no new event in `events`
+
+    const char *printPackageName = String8(packageName).string();
+    // print events in chronological order (latest event last)
+    size_t idxToPrint = lastPrintedIdx;
+    do {
+        idxToPrint--;
+        dprintf(outFd, "%s:%s  %s", cameraId, printPackageName, events[idxToPrint].c_str());
+    } while (idxToPrint != 0);
+}
+
 status_t CameraService::printHelp(int out) {
     return dprintf(out, "Camera service commands:\n"
         "  get-uid-state <PACKAGE> [--user USER_ID] gets the uid state\n"
@@ -4692,6 +4837,7 @@
         "      Valid values 0=OFF, 1=ON for JPEG\n"
         "  get-image-dump-mask returns the current image-dump-mask value\n"
         "  set-camera-mute <0/1> enable or disable camera muting\n"
+        "  watch <start|stop|dump|live> manages tag monitoring in connected clients\n"
         "  help print this message\n");
 }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
index 7a69123..f701d30 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
@@ -272,6 +272,10 @@
         // Internal dump method to be called by CameraService
         virtual status_t dumpClient(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) = 0;
 
+        virtual status_t startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags, int outFd);
+        virtual status_t stopWatchingTags(int outFd);
+        virtual status_t dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out);
+
         // Return the package name for this client
         virtual String16 getPackageName() const;
 
@@ -1149,6 +1153,26 @@
     // Set the camera mute state
     status_t handleSetCameraMute(const Vector<String16>& args);
 
+    // Handle 'watch' command as passed through 'cmd'
+    status_t handleWatchCommand(const Vector<String16> &args, int out);
+
+    // Enable tag monitoring of the given tags in all attached clients
+    status_t startWatchingTags(const String16 &tags, int outFd);
+
+    // Disable tag monitoring in all attached clients
+    status_t stopWatchingTags(int outFd);
+
+    // Print events of monitored tags in all attached devices as they are captured
+    // NOTE: This function does not terminate unless interrupted.
+    status_t printWatchedTagsUntilInterrupt(const Vector<String16> &args, int outFd);
+
+    // Print all events in vector `events' that came after lastPrintedEvent
+    static void printNewWatchedEvents(int outFd,
+                                      const char *cameraId,
+                                      const String16 &packageName,
+                                      const std::vector<std::string> &events,
+                                      const std::string &lastPrintedEvent);
+
     // Prints the shell command help
     status_t printHelp(int out);
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
index 1f3d478..67ec150 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
@@ -1797,6 +1797,35 @@
     return dumpDevice(fd, args);
 }
 
+status_t CameraDeviceClient::startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags, int out) {
+    sp<CameraDeviceBase> device = mDevice;
+    if (!device) {
+        dprintf(out, "  Device is detached.");
+        return OK;
+    }
+    device->startWatchingTags(tags);
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t CameraDeviceClient::stopWatchingTags(int out) {
+    sp<CameraDeviceBase> device = mDevice;
+    if (!device) {
+        dprintf(out, "  Device is detached.");
+        return OK;
+    }
+    device->stopWatchingTags();
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t CameraDeviceClient::dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out) {
+    sp<CameraDeviceBase> device = mDevice;
+    if (!device) {
+        return OK;
+    }
+    device->dumpWatchedEventsToVector(out);
+    return OK;
+}
+
 void CameraDeviceClient::notifyError(int32_t errorCode,
                                      const CaptureResultExtras& resultExtras) {
     // Thread safe. Don't bother locking.
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
index 76b3f53..288f2d7 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
@@ -199,6 +199,10 @@
 
     virtual status_t      dumpClient(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args);
 
+    virtual status_t      startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags, int out);
+    virtual status_t      stopWatchingTags(int out);
+    virtual status_t      dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out);
+
     /**
      * Device listener interface
      */
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
index 652842b..10fa33f 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
@@ -110,6 +110,18 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t CameraOfflineSessionClient::startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags, int outFd) {
+    return BasicClient::startWatchingTags(tags, outFd);
+}
+
+status_t CameraOfflineSessionClient::stopWatchingTags(int outFd) {
+    return BasicClient::stopWatchingTags(outFd);
+}
+
+status_t CameraOfflineSessionClient::dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out) {
+    return BasicClient::dumpWatchedEventsToVector(out);
+}
+
 binder::Status CameraOfflineSessionClient::disconnect() {
     Mutex::Autolock icl(mBinderSerializationLock);
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h
index b5238b8..920a176 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@
 
     status_t dumpClient(int /*fd*/, const Vector<String16>& /*args*/) override;
 
+    status_t startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags, int outFd) override;
+    status_t stopWatchingTags(int outFd) override;
+    status_t dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out) override;
+
     status_t initialize(sp<CameraProviderManager> /*manager*/,
             const String8& /*monitorTags*/) override;
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
index 1147e23..0283d01 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,38 @@
 }
 
 template <typename TClientBase>
+status_t Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags, int out) {
+  sp<CameraDeviceBase> device = mDevice;
+  if (!device) {
+    dprintf(out, "  Device is detached");
+    return OK;
+  }
+
+  return device->startWatchingTags(tags);
+}
+
+template <typename TClientBase>
+status_t Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::stopWatchingTags(int out) {
+  sp<CameraDeviceBase> device = mDevice;
+  if (!device) {
+    dprintf(out, "  Device is detached");
+    return OK;
+  }
+
+  return device->stopWatchingTags();
+}
+
+template <typename TClientBase>
+status_t Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out) {
+    sp<CameraDeviceBase> device = mDevice;
+    if (!device) {
+        // Nothing to dump if the device is detached
+        return OK;
+    }
+    return device->dumpWatchedEventsToVector(out);
+}
+
+template <typename TClientBase>
 status_t Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::dumpDevice(
                                                 int fd,
                                                 const Vector<String16>& args) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
index b593bfa..ba6a230 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@
 
     virtual status_t      initialize(sp<CameraProviderManager> manager, const String8& monitorTags);
     virtual status_t      dumpClient(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args);
+    virtual status_t      startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags, int out);
+    virtual status_t      stopWatchingTags(int out);
+    virtual status_t      dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out);
 
     /**
      * NotificationListener implementation
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h
index 3c95ed3..8168821 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@
     virtual status_t disconnect() = 0;
 
     virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> &args) = 0;
+    virtual status_t startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags) = 0;
+    virtual status_t stopWatchingTags() = 0;
+    virtual status_t dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out) = 0;
 
     /**
      * The physical camera device's static characteristics metadata buffer
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
index 67f99bf..8925b15 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
@@ -848,6 +848,21 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t Camera3Device::startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags) {
+    mTagMonitor.parseTagsToMonitor(tags);
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t Camera3Device::stopWatchingTags() {
+    mTagMonitor.disableMonitoring();
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t Camera3Device::dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out) {
+    mTagMonitor.getLatestMonitoredTagEvents(out);
+    return OK;
+}
+
 const CameraMetadata& Camera3Device::infoPhysical(const String8& physicalId) const {
     ALOGVV("%s: E", __FUNCTION__);
     if (CC_UNLIKELY(mStatus == STATUS_UNINITIALIZED ||
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
index 4ffdc5f..f2394ad 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
@@ -106,6 +106,9 @@
     status_t initialize(sp<CameraProviderManager> manager, const String8& monitorTags) override;
     status_t disconnect() override;
     status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> &args) override;
+    status_t startWatchingTags(const String8 &tags) override;
+    status_t stopWatchingTags() override;
+    status_t dumpWatchedEventsToVector(std::vector<std::string> &out) override;
     const CameraMetadata& info() const override;
     const CameraMetadata& infoPhysical(const String8& physicalId) const override;
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.cpp
index 0198690..0cd4f5d 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     ATRACE_END();
 }
 
-status_t CameraTraces::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> &args __attribute__((unused))) {
+status_t CameraTraces::dump(int fd) {
     ALOGV("%s: fd = %d", __FUNCTION__, fd);
     Mutex::Autolock al(sImpl.tracesLock);
     List<ProcessCallStack>& pcsList = sImpl.pcsList;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.h
index 13ca16d..71fa334 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraTraces.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
      *
      * <p>Each line is indented by DUMP_INDENT spaces.</p>
      */
-    static status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args);
+    static status_t dump(int fd);
 
 private:
     enum {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.cpp
index 4488098..461f5e9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.cpp
@@ -239,38 +239,59 @@
     } else {
         dprintf(fd, "     Tag monitoring disabled (enable with -m <name1,..,nameN>)\n");
     }
-    if (mMonitoringEvents.size() > 0) {
-        dprintf(fd, "     Monitored tag event log:\n");
-        for (const auto& event : mMonitoringEvents) {
-            int indentation = (event.source == REQUEST) ? 15 : 30;
-            dprintf(fd, "        f%d:%" PRId64 "ns:%*s%*s%s.%s: ",
-                    event.frameNumber, event.timestamp,
-                    2, event.cameraId.c_str(),
-                    indentation,
-                    event.source == REQUEST ? "REQ:" : "RES:",
-                    get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(event.tag,
-                            mVendorTagId),
-                    get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(event.tag,
-                            mVendorTagId));
-            if (event.newData.size() == 0) {
-                dprintf(fd, " (Removed)\n");
-            } else {
-                printData(fd, event.newData.data(), event.tag,
-                        event.type, event.newData.size() / camera_metadata_type_size[event.type],
-                        indentation + 18, event.outputStreamIds, event.inputStreamId);
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
+    if (mMonitoringEvents.size() == 0) { return; }
+
+    dprintf(fd, "     Monitored tag event log:\n");
+
+    std::vector<std::string> eventStrs;
+    dumpMonitoredTagEventsToVectorLocked(eventStrs);
+    for (const std::string &eventStr : eventStrs) {
+        dprintf(fd, "        %s", eventStr.c_str());
+    }
 }
 
-// TODO: Consolidate with printData from camera_metadata.h
+void TagMonitor::getLatestMonitoredTagEvents(std::vector<std::string> &out) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMonitorMutex);
+    dumpMonitoredTagEventsToVectorLocked(out);
+}
+
+void TagMonitor::dumpMonitoredTagEventsToVectorLocked(std::vector<std::string> &vec) {
+    if (mMonitoringEvents.size() == 0) { return; }
+
+    for (const auto& event : mMonitoringEvents) {
+        int indentation = (event.source == REQUEST) ? 15 : 30;
+        String8 eventString = String8::format("f%d:%" PRId64 "ns:%*s%*s%s.%s: ",
+                event.frameNumber, event.timestamp,
+                2, event.cameraId.c_str(),
+                indentation,
+                event.source == REQUEST ? "REQ:" : "RES:",
+                get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(event.tag, mVendorTagId),
+                get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(event.tag, mVendorTagId));
+        if (event.newData.size() == 0) {
+            eventString += " (Removed)";
+        } else {
+            eventString += getEventDataString(event.newData.data(),
+                                    event.tag,
+                                    event.type,
+                                    event.newData.size() / camera_metadata_type_size[event.type],
+                                    indentation + 18,
+                                    event.outputStreamIds,
+                                    event.inputStreamId);
+        }
+        vec.emplace_back(eventString.string());
+    }
+}
 
 #define CAMERA_METADATA_ENUM_STRING_MAX_SIZE 29
 
-void TagMonitor::printData(int fd, const uint8_t *data_ptr, uint32_t tag,
-        int type, int count, int indentation, const std::unordered_set<int32_t> &outputStreamIds,
-        int32_t inputStreamId) {
+String8 TagMonitor::getEventDataString(const uint8_t* data_ptr,
+                                    uint32_t tag,
+                                    int type,
+                                    int count,
+                                    int indentation,
+                                    const std::unordered_set<int32_t>& outputStreamIds,
+                                    int32_t inputStreamId) {
     static int values_per_line[NUM_TYPES] = {
         [TYPE_BYTE]     = 16,
         [TYPE_INT32]    = 8,
@@ -279,6 +300,7 @@
         [TYPE_DOUBLE]   = 4,
         [TYPE_RATIONAL] = 4,
     };
+
     size_t type_size = camera_metadata_type_size[type];
     char value_string_tmp[CAMERA_METADATA_ENUM_STRING_MAX_SIZE];
     uint32_t value;
@@ -286,10 +308,11 @@
     int lines = count / values_per_line[type];
     if (count % values_per_line[type] != 0) lines++;
 
+    String8 returnStr = String8();
     int index = 0;
     int j, k;
     for (j = 0; j < lines; j++) {
-        dprintf(fd, "%*s[", (j != 0) ? indentation + 4 : 0, "");
+        returnStr.appendFormat("%*s[", (j != 0) ? indentation + 4 : 0, "");
         for (k = 0;
              k < values_per_line[type] && count > 0;
              k++, count--, index += type_size) {
@@ -302,10 +325,9 @@
                                                      value_string_tmp,
                                                      sizeof(value_string_tmp))
                         == OK) {
-                        dprintf(fd, "%s ", value_string_tmp);
+                        returnStr += value_string_tmp;
                     } else {
-                        dprintf(fd, "%hhu ",
-                                *(data_ptr + index));
+                        returnStr.appendFormat("%hhu", *(data_ptr + index));
                     }
                     break;
                 case TYPE_INT32:
@@ -316,47 +338,43 @@
                                                      value_string_tmp,
                                                      sizeof(value_string_tmp))
                         == OK) {
-                        dprintf(fd, "%s ", value_string_tmp);
+                        returnStr += value_string_tmp;
                     } else {
-                        dprintf(fd, "%" PRId32 " ",
-                                *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index));
+                        returnStr.appendFormat("%" PRId32 " ", *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index));
                     }
                     break;
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
-                    dprintf(fd, "%0.8f ",
-                            *(float*)(data_ptr + index));
+                    returnStr.appendFormat("%0.8f", *(float*)(data_ptr + index));
                     break;
                 case TYPE_INT64:
-                    dprintf(fd, "%" PRId64 " ",
-                            *(int64_t*)(data_ptr + index));
+                    returnStr.appendFormat("%" PRId64 " ", *(int64_t*)(data_ptr + index));
                     break;
                 case TYPE_DOUBLE:
-                    dprintf(fd, "%0.8f ",
-                            *(double*)(data_ptr + index));
+                    returnStr.appendFormat("%0.8f ", *(double*)(data_ptr + index));
                     break;
                 case TYPE_RATIONAL: {
                     int32_t numerator = *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index);
                     int32_t denominator = *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index + 4);
-                    dprintf(fd, "(%d / %d) ",
-                            numerator, denominator);
+                    returnStr.appendFormat("(%d / %d) ", numerator, denominator);
                     break;
                 }
                 default:
-                    dprintf(fd, "??? ");
+                    returnStr += "??? ";
             }
         }
-        dprintf(fd, "] ");
-        if (outputStreamIds.size() > 0) {
-            dprintf(fd, "output stream ids: ");
+        returnStr += "] ";
+        if (!outputStreamIds.empty()) {
+            returnStr += "output stream ids: ";
             for (const auto &id : outputStreamIds) {
-                dprintf(fd, " %d ", id);
+                returnStr.appendFormat(" %d ", id);
             }
         }
         if (inputStreamId != -1) {
-            dprintf(fd, "input stream id: %d", inputStreamId);
+            returnStr.appendFormat("input stream id: %d", inputStreamId);
         }
-        dprintf(fd, "\n");
+        returnStr += "\n";
     }
+    return returnStr;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.h
index f6df4b7..088d6fe 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/TagMonitor.h
@@ -74,11 +74,23 @@
     // Dump current event log to the provided fd
     void dumpMonitoredMetadata(int fd);
 
-  private:
+    // Dumps the latest monitored Tag events to the passed vector.
+    // NOTE: The events are appended to the vector in reverser chronological order
+    // (i.e. most recent first)
+    void getLatestMonitoredTagEvents(std::vector<std::string> &out);
 
-    static void printData(int fd, const uint8_t *data_ptr, uint32_t tag,
-            int type, int count, int indentation,
-            const std::unordered_set<int32_t> &outputStreamIds, int32_t inputStreamId);
+  private:
+    // Dumps monitored tag events to the passed vector without acquiring
+    // mMonitorMutex. mMonitorMutex must be acquired before calling this
+    // function.
+    void dumpMonitoredTagEventsToVectorLocked(std::vector<std::string> &out);
+
+    static String8 getEventDataString(const uint8_t *data_ptr,
+                                       uint32_t tag, int type,
+                                       int count,
+                                       int indentation,
+                                       const std::unordered_set<int32_t> &outputStreamIds,
+                                       int32_t inputStreamId);
 
     void monitorSingleMetadata(TagMonitor::eventSource source, int64_t frameNumber,
             nsecs_t timestamp, const std::string& cameraId, uint32_t tag,