diff --git a/camera/camera2/CaptureRequest.cpp b/camera/camera2/CaptureRequest.cpp
index fb43708..0d689a6 100644
--- a/camera/camera2/CaptureRequest.cpp
+++ b/camera/camera2/CaptureRequest.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     mMetadata.clear();
     mSurfaceList.clear();
 
-    status_t err;
+    status_t err = OK;
 
     if ((err = mMetadata.readFromParcel(parcel)) != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to read metadata from parcel", __FUNCTION__);
@@ -65,19 +65,16 @@
         }
 
         // Surface.writeToParcel
-        const char16_t* name = parcel->readString16Inplace(&len);
-        ALOGV("%s: Read surface name = %s", __FUNCTION__,
-            name != NULL ? String8(name).string() : "<null>");
-        sp<IBinder> binder(parcel->readStrongBinder());
-        ALOGV("%s: Read surface binder = %p",
-              __FUNCTION__, binder.get());
+        view::Surface surfaceShim;
+        if ((err = surfaceShim.readFromParcel(parcel)) != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to read output target Surface %d from parcel: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__, i, strerror(-err), err);
+            return err;
+        }
 
         sp<Surface> surface;
-
-        if (binder != NULL) {
-            sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbp =
-                    interface_cast<IGraphicBufferProducer>(binder);
-            surface = new Surface(gbp);
+        if (surfaceShim.graphicBufferProducer != NULL) {
+            surface = new Surface(surfaceShim.graphicBufferProducer);
         }
 
         mSurfaceList.push_back(surface);
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    status_t err;
+    status_t err = OK;
 
     if ((err = mMetadata.writeToParcel(parcel)) != OK) {
         return err;
@@ -111,20 +108,18 @@
     parcel->writeInt32(size);
 
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-        sp<Surface> surface = mSurfaceList[i];
-
-        sp<IBinder> binder;
-        if (surface != 0) {
-            binder = IInterface::asBinder(surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
-        }
-
         // not sure if readParcelableArray does this, hard to tell from source
         parcel->writeString16(String16("android.view.Surface"));
 
         // Surface.writeToParcel
-        parcel->writeString16(String16("unknown_name"));
-        // Surface.nativeWriteToParcel
-        parcel->writeStrongBinder(binder);
+        view::Surface surfaceShim;
+        surfaceShim.name = String16("unknown_name");
+        surfaceShim.graphicBufferProducer = mSurfaceList[i]->getIGraphicBufferProducer();
+        if ((err = surfaceShim.writeToParcel(parcel)) != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to write output target Surface %d to parcel: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__, i, strerror(-err), err);
+            return err;
+        }
     }
 
     parcel->writeInt32(mIsReprocess ? 1 : 0);
diff --git a/cmds/stagefright/stagefright.cpp b/cmds/stagefright/stagefright.cpp
index cd284f6..ca68722 100644
--- a/cmds/stagefright/stagefright.cpp
+++ b/cmds/stagefright/stagefright.cpp
@@ -1037,10 +1037,6 @@
                 bool haveVideo = false;
                 for (size_t i = 0; i < numTracks; ++i) {
                     sp<IMediaSource> source = extractor->getTrack(i);
-                    if (source == nullptr) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, "skip NULL track %zu, track count %zu.\n", i, numTracks);
-                        continue;
-                    }
 
                     const char *mime;
                     CHECK(source->getFormat()->findCString(
@@ -1103,10 +1099,6 @@
                 }
 
                 mediaSource = extractor->getTrack(i);
-                if (mediaSource == nullptr) {
-                    fprintf(stderr, "skip NULL track %zu, total tracks %zu.\n", i, numTracks);
-                    return -1;
-                }
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/cmds/stagefright/stream.cpp b/cmds/stagefright/stream.cpp
index cf59357..bca3832 100644
--- a/cmds/stagefright/stream.cpp
+++ b/cmds/stagefright/stream.cpp
@@ -171,8 +171,7 @@
     mWriter = new MPEG2TSWriter(
             this, &MyConvertingStreamSource::WriteDataWrapper);
 
-    size_t numTracks = extractor->countTracks();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numTracks; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < extractor->countTracks(); ++i) {
         const sp<MetaData> &meta = extractor->getTrackMetaData(i);
 
         const char *mime;
@@ -182,12 +181,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        sp<IMediaSource> track = extractor->getTrack(i);
-        if (track == nullptr) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "skip NULL track %zu, total tracks %zu\n", i, numTracks);
-            continue;
-        }
-        CHECK_EQ(mWriter->addSource(track), (status_t)OK);
+        CHECK_EQ(mWriter->addSource(extractor->getTrack(i)), (status_t)OK);
     }
 
     CHECK_EQ(mWriter->start(), (status_t)OK);
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.cpp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.cpp
index 40275cf..d27956c 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.cpp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "DrmPlugin.h"
 #include "ClearKeyUUID.h"
+#include "MimeType.h"
 #include "SessionLibrary.h"
 
 namespace clearkeydrm {
@@ -32,10 +33,14 @@
     return isClearKeyUUID(uuid);
 }
 
-bool DrmFactory::isContentTypeSupported(const android::String8 &initDataType) {
+bool DrmFactory::isContentTypeSupported(const android::String8 &type) {
     // This should match the types handed by InitDataParser.
-    return initDataType == "cenc" ||
-           initDataType == "webm";
+    return type == kIsoBmffVideoMimeType ||
+        type == kIsoBmffAudioMimeType ||
+        type == kCencInitDataFormat ||
+        type == kWebmVideoMimeType ||
+        type == kWebmAudioMimeType ||
+        type == kWebmInitDataFormat;
 }
 
 android::status_t DrmFactory::createDrmPlugin(
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.h b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.h
index 164d3d0..87db982 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.h
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmFactory.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 
     virtual bool isCryptoSchemeSupported(const uint8_t uuid[16]);
 
-    virtual bool isContentTypeSupported(const android::String8 &initDataType);
+    virtual bool isContentTypeSupported(const android::String8 &mimeType);
 
     virtual android::status_t createDrmPlugin(
             const uint8_t uuid[16], android::DrmPlugin** plugin);
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.cpp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.cpp
index e5ee403..86bf047 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.cpp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 status_t DrmPlugin::getKeyRequest(
         const Vector<uint8_t>& scope,
         const Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
-        const String8& initDataType,
+        const String8& mimeType,
         KeyType keyType,
         const KeyedVector<String8, String8>& optionalParameters,
         Vector<uint8_t>& request,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     if (!session.get()) {
         return android::ERROR_DRM_SESSION_NOT_OPENED;
     }
-    return session->getKeyRequest(initData, initDataType, &request);
+    return session->getKeyRequest(initData, mimeType, &request);
 }
 
 status_t DrmPlugin::provideKeyResponse(
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.h b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.h
index 9095045..efb9f8b 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.h
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/DrmPlugin.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
     virtual status_t getKeyRequest(
             const Vector<uint8_t>& scope,
-            const Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
+            const Vector<uint8_t>& mimeType,
             const String8& initDataType,
             KeyType keyType,
             const KeyedVector<String8, String8>& optionalParameters,
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.cpp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.cpp
index c9c2a38..6a4f8d5 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.cpp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "InitDataParser.h"
 
 #include "ClearKeyUUID.h"
+#include "MimeType.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 
 namespace clearkeydrm {
@@ -41,16 +42,20 @@
 }
 
 android::status_t InitDataParser::parse(const Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
-        const String8& initDataType,
+        const String8& type,
         Vector<uint8_t>* licenseRequest) {
     // Build a list of the key IDs
     Vector<const uint8_t*> keyIds;
-    if (initDataType == "cenc") {
+    if (type == kIsoBmffVideoMimeType ||
+        type == kIsoBmffAudioMimeType ||
+        type == kCencInitDataFormat) {
         android::status_t res = parsePssh(initData, &keyIds);
         if (res != android::OK) {
             return res;
         }
-    } else if (initDataType == "webm") {
+    } else if (type == kWebmVideoMimeType ||
+        type == kWebmAudioMimeType ||
+        type == kWebmInitDataFormat) {
         // WebM "init data" is just a single key ID
         if (initData.size() != kKeyIdSize) {
             return android::ERROR_DRM_CANNOT_HANDLE;
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.h b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.h
index 9505d2a..a9707bf 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.h
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/InitDataParser.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     InitDataParser() {}
 
     android::status_t parse(const android::Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
-            const android::String8& initDataType,
+            const android::String8& type,
             android::Vector<uint8_t>* licenseRequest);
 
 private:
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/MimeType.h b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/MimeType.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..085f17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/MimeType.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef CLEARKEY_MIMETYPE_H_
+#define CLEARKEY_MIMETYPE_H_
+
+#include <utils/String8.h>
+
+namespace {
+    const android::String8 kCencInitDataFormat("cenc");
+    const android::String8 kIsoBmffAudioMimeType("audio/mp4");
+    const android::String8 kIsoBmffVideoMimeType("video/mp4");
+    const android::String8 kWebmInitDataFormat("webm");
+    const android::String8 kWebmAudioMimeType("audio/webm");
+    const android::String8 kWebmVideoMimeType("video/webm");
+}
+
+#endif // CLEARKEY_MIMETYPE_H_
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.cpp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.cpp
index 95016f5..d210f5e 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.cpp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.cpp
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
 
 status_t Session::getKeyRequest(
         const Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
-        const String8& initDataType,
+        const String8& mimeType,
         Vector<uint8_t>* keyRequest) const {
     InitDataParser parser;
-    return parser.parse(initData, initDataType, keyRequest);
+    return parser.parse(initData, mimeType, keyRequest);
 }
 
 status_t Session::provideKeyResponse(const Vector<uint8_t>& response) {
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.h b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.h
index cab0dc3..0933506 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.h
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/Session.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
     const android::Vector<uint8_t>& sessionId() const { return mSessionId; }
 
     android::status_t getKeyRequest(
-            const android::Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
+            const android::Vector<uint8_t>& mimeType,
             const android::String8& initDataType,
             android::Vector<uint8_t>* keyRequest) const;
 
diff --git a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/tests/InitDataParserUnittest.cpp b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/tests/InitDataParserUnittest.cpp
index 4ba65ed..e275108 100644
--- a/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/tests/InitDataParserUnittest.cpp
+++ b/drm/mediadrm/plugins/clearkey/tests/InitDataParserUnittest.cpp
@@ -30,27 +30,27 @@
 
 namespace {
     const size_t kKeyIdSize = 16;
-    const String8 kCencType("cenc");
-    const String8 kWebMType("webm");
+    const String8 kCencMimeType("video/mp4");
+    const String8 kWebmMimeType("video/webm");
     const String8 kBase64Padding("=");
 }
 
 class InitDataParserTest : public ::testing::Test {
   protected:
     status_t attemptParse(const Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
-                          const String8& initDataType,
+                          const String8& mimeType,
                           Vector<uint8_t>* licenseRequest) {
         InitDataParser parser;
-        return parser.parse(initData, initDataType, licenseRequest);
+        return parser.parse(initData, mimeType, licenseRequest);
     }
 
     void attemptParseExpectingSuccess(const Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
-                                      const String8& initDataType,
+                                      const String8& mimeType,
                                       const Vector<String8>& expectedKeys) {
         const String8 kRequestPrefix("{\"kids\":[");
         const String8 kRequestSuffix("],\"type\":\"temporary\"}");
         Vector<uint8_t> request;
-        ASSERT_EQ(android::OK, attemptParse(initData, initDataType, &request));
+        ASSERT_EQ(android::OK, attemptParse(initData, mimeType, &request));
 
         String8 requestString(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(request.array()),
                               request.size());
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@
     }
 
     void attemptParseExpectingFailure(const Vector<uint8_t>& initData,
-                                      const String8& initDataType) {
+                                      const String8& mimeType) {
         Vector<uint8_t> request;
-        ASSERT_NE(android::OK, attemptParse(initData, initDataType, &request));
+        ASSERT_NE(android::OK, attemptParse(initData, mimeType, &request));
         EXPECT_EQ(0, request.size());
     }
 };
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     Vector<String8> expectedKeys;
     expectedKeys.push(String8("01234567890ABCDE"));
 
-    attemptParseExpectingSuccess(initData, kCencType, expectedKeys);
+    attemptParseExpectingSuccess(initData, kCencMimeType, expectedKeys);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, ParsesMultipleKeyPssh) {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
     expectedKeys.push(String8("ClearKeyClearKey"));
     expectedKeys.push(String8(" GOOGLE  GOOGLE "));
 
-    attemptParseExpectingSuccess(initData, kCencType, expectedKeys);
+    attemptParseExpectingSuccess(initData, kCencMimeType, expectedKeys);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, ParsesWebM) {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
     Vector<String8> expectedKeys;
     expectedKeys.push(String8("01234567890ABCDE"));
 
-    attemptParseExpectingSuccess(initData, kWebMType, expectedKeys);
+    attemptParseExpectingSuccess(initData, kWebmMimeType, expectedKeys);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, FailsForPsshTooSmall) {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
     Vector<uint8_t> initData;
     initData.appendArray(pssh, 16);
 
-    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencType);
+    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencMimeType);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, FailsForWebMTooSmall) {
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
     Vector<uint8_t> initData;
     initData.appendArray(initDataRaw, 8);
 
-    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kWebMType);
+    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kWebmMimeType);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, FailsForPsshBadSystemId) {
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
     Vector<uint8_t> initData;
     initData.appendArray(pssh, 52);
 
-    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencType);
+    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencMimeType);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, FailsForPsshBadSize) {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
     Vector<uint8_t> initData;
     initData.appendArray(pssh, 52);
 
-    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencType);
+    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencMimeType);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, FailsForPsshWrongVersion) {
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
     Vector<uint8_t> initData;
     initData.appendArray(pssh, 52);
 
-    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencType);
+    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencMimeType);
 }
 
 TEST_F(InitDataParserTest, FailsForPsshBadKeyCount) {
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
     Vector<uint8_t> initData;
     initData.appendArray(pssh, 52);
 
-    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencType);
+    attemptParseExpectingFailure(initData, kCencMimeType);
 }
 
 }  // namespace clearkeydrm
diff --git a/include/media/IMediaExtractor.h b/include/media/IMediaExtractor.h
index 743ef7f..34b15e9 100644
--- a/include/media/IMediaExtractor.h
+++ b/include/media/IMediaExtractor.h
@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@
     DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(MediaExtractor);
 
     virtual size_t countTracks() = 0;
-    // This function could return NULL IMediaSource even when index is within the
-    // track count returned by countTracks, since it's possible the track is malformed
-    // and it's not detected during countTracks call.
     virtual sp<IMediaSource> getTrack(size_t index) = 0;
 
     enum GetTrackMetaDataFlags {
diff --git a/include/media/ToneGenerator.h b/include/media/ToneGenerator.h
index 75515ac..9fd5f61 100644
--- a/include/media/ToneGenerator.h
+++ b/include/media/ToneGenerator.h
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@
         TONE_JAPAN_DIAL,            // Dial tone: 400Hz, continuous
         TONE_JAPAN_BUSY,            // Busy tone: 400Hz, 500ms ON, 500ms OFF...
         TONE_JAPAN_RADIO_ACK,       // Radio path acknowlegment: 400Hz, 1s ON, 2s OFF...
-        // UK Supervisory tones
-        TONE_UK_RINGTONE,           // Ring Tone: A 400Hz + 450Hz tone repeated in a 0.4s on, 0.2s off, 0.4s on, 2.0s off pattern.
+        // GB Supervisory tones
+        TONE_GB_RINGTONE,           // Ring Tone: A 400Hz + 450Hz tone repeated in a 0.4s on, 0.2s off, 0.4s on, 2.0s off pattern.
         // AUSTRALIA Supervisory tones
         TONE_AUSTRALIA_RINGTONE,    // Ring tone: A 400Hz + 450Hz tone repeated in a 0.4s on, 0.2s off, 0.4s on, 2.0s off pattern.
         TONE_AUSTRALIA_BUSY,        // Busy tone: 425 Hz repeated in a 0.375s on, 0.375s off pattern.
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
     enum region {
         ANSI,
         JAPAN,
-        UK,
+        GB,
         AUSTRALIA,
         CEPT,
         NUM_REGIONS
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
 
         short mA1_Q14;  // Q14 coefficient
         // delay line of full amplitude generator
-        short mS1, mS2;  // delay line S2 oldest
+        long mS1, mS2;  // delay line S2 oldest
         short mS2_0;  // saved value for reinitialisation
         short mAmplitude_Q15;  // Q15 amplitude
     };
diff --git a/include/media/Visualizer.h b/include/media/Visualizer.h
index ec0dad5..7bb9e8b 100644
--- a/include/media/Visualizer.h
+++ b/include/media/Visualizer.h
@@ -95,8 +95,7 @@
 
     // install a callback to receive periodic captures. The capture rate is specified in milliHertz
     // and the capture format is according to flags  (see callback_flags).
-    status_t setCaptureCallBack(capture_cbk_t cbk, void* user, uint32_t flags, uint32_t rate,
-                                bool force = false);
+    status_t setCaptureCallBack(capture_cbk_t cbk, void* user, uint32_t flags, uint32_t rate);
 
     // set the capture size capture size must be a power of two in the range
     // [VISUALIZER_CAPTURE_SIZE_MAX. VISUALIZER_CAPTURE_SIZE_MIN]
diff --git a/include/media/stagefright/MediaBuffer.h b/include/media/stagefright/MediaBuffer.h
index abfe068..a61ddaa 100644
--- a/include/media/stagefright/MediaBuffer.h
+++ b/include/media/stagefright/MediaBuffer.h
@@ -68,11 +68,16 @@
         mMemory = mem;
     }
 
-    // Decrements the reference count and returns the buffer to its
-    // associated MediaBufferGroup if the reference count drops to 0.
+    // If MediaBufferGroup is set, decrement the local reference count;
+    // if the local reference count drops to 0, return the buffer to the
+    // associated MediaBufferGroup.
+    //
+    // If no MediaBufferGroup is set, the local reference count must be zero
+    // when called, whereupon the MediaBuffer is deleted.
     virtual void release();
 
-    // Increments the reference count.
+    // Increments the local reference count.
+    // Use only when MediaBufferGroup is set.
     virtual void add_ref();
 
     void *data() const;
@@ -97,7 +102,28 @@
     // MetaData.
     MediaBuffer *clone();
 
-    int refcount() const;
+    // sum of localRefcount() and remoteRefcount()
+    int refcount() const {
+        return localRefcount() + remoteRefcount();
+    }
+
+    int localRefcount() const {
+        return mRefCount;
+    }
+
+    int remoteRefcount() const {
+        if (mMemory.get() == nullptr || mMemory->pointer() == nullptr) return 0;
+        int32_t remoteRefcount =
+                reinterpret_cast<SharedControl *>(mMemory->pointer())->getRemoteRefcount();
+        // Sanity check so that remoteRefCount() is non-negative.
+        return remoteRefcount >= 0 ? remoteRefcount : 0; // do not allow corrupted data.
+    }
+
+    // returns old value
+    int addRemoteRefcount(int32_t value) {
+        if (mMemory.get() == nullptr || mMemory->pointer() == nullptr) return 0;
+        return reinterpret_cast<SharedControl *>(mMemory->pointer())->addRemoteRefcount(value);
+    }
 
     bool isDeadObject() const {
         return isDeadObject(mMemory);
@@ -117,25 +143,6 @@
     }
 
 protected:
-    // MediaBuffer remote releases are handled through a
-    // pending release count variable stored in a SharedControl block
-    // at the start of the IMemory.
-
-    // Returns old value of pending release count.
-    inline int32_t addPendingRelease(int32_t value) {
-        return getSharedControl()->addPendingRelease(value);
-    }
-
-    // Issues all pending releases (works in parallel).
-    // Assumes there is a MediaBufferObserver.
-    inline void resolvePendingRelease() {
-        if (mMemory.get() == nullptr) return;
-        while (addPendingRelease(-1) > 0) {
-            release();
-        }
-        addPendingRelease(1);
-    }
-
     // true if MediaBuffer is observed (part of a MediaBufferGroup).
     inline bool isObserved() const {
         return mObserver != nullptr;
@@ -181,18 +188,18 @@
         };
 
         // returns old value
-        inline int32_t addPendingRelease(int32_t value) {
+        inline int32_t addRemoteRefcount(int32_t value) {
             return std::atomic_fetch_add_explicit(
-                    &mPendingRelease, (int_least32_t)value, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+                    &mRemoteRefcount, (int_least32_t)value, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
         }
 
-        inline int32_t getPendingRelease() const {
-            return std::atomic_load_explicit(&mPendingRelease, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+        inline int32_t getRemoteRefcount() const {
+            return std::atomic_load_explicit(&mRemoteRefcount, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
         }
 
-        inline void setPendingRelease(int32_t value) {
+        inline void setRemoteRefcount(int32_t value) {
             std::atomic_store_explicit(
-                    &mPendingRelease, (int_least32_t)value, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+                    &mRemoteRefcount, (int_least32_t)value, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
         }
 
         inline bool isDeadObject() const {
@@ -209,13 +216,13 @@
             std::atomic_store_explicit(
                     &mFlags, (int_least32_t)0, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
             std::atomic_store_explicit(
-                    &mPendingRelease, (int_least32_t)0, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+                    &mRemoteRefcount, (int_least32_t)0, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
         }
 
     private:
         // Caution: atomic_int_fast32_t is 64 bits on LP64.
         std::atomic_int_least32_t mFlags;
-        std::atomic_int_least32_t mPendingRelease;
+        std::atomic_int_least32_t mRemoteRefcount;
         int32_t unused[6]; // additional buffer space
     };
 
diff --git a/include/media/stagefright/MediaBufferGroup.h b/include/media/stagefright/MediaBufferGroup.h
index dfa31b2..3051406 100644
--- a/include/media/stagefright/MediaBufferGroup.h
+++ b/include/media/stagefright/MediaBufferGroup.h
@@ -53,10 +53,7 @@
 
     size_t buffers() const { return mBuffers.size(); }
 
-    // freeBuffers is the number of free buffers allowed to remain.
-    void gc(size_t freeBuffers = 0);
-
-protected:
+    // If buffer is nullptr, have acquire_buffer() check for remote release.
     virtual void signalBufferReturned(MediaBuffer *buffer);
 
 private:
diff --git a/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h b/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h
index ffdb9b5..7becf57 100644
--- a/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h
+++ b/include/private/media/AudioTrackShared.h
@@ -522,6 +522,12 @@
         mTimestampMutator.push(timestamp);
     }
 
+    // Flushes the shared ring buffer if the client had requested it using mStreaming.mFlush.
+    // If flush occurs then:
+    //   cblk->u.mStreaming.mFront, ServerProxy::mFlush and ServerProxy::mFlushed will be modified
+    //   client will be notified via Futex
+    virtual void    flushBufferIfNeeded();
+
     // Total count of the number of flushed frames since creation (never reset).
     virtual int64_t     framesFlushed() const { return mFlushed; }
 
diff --git a/media/libmedia/AudioTrackShared.cpp b/media/libmedia/AudioTrackShared.cpp
index 7119517..846f8b8 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/AudioTrackShared.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/AudioTrackShared.cpp
@@ -622,6 +622,56 @@
 }
 
 __attribute__((no_sanitize("integer")))
+void ServerProxy::flushBufferIfNeeded()
+{
+    audio_track_cblk_t* cblk = mCblk;
+    // The acquire_load is not really required. But since the write is a release_store in the
+    // client, using acquire_load here makes it easier for people to maintain the code,
+    // and the logic for communicating ipc variables seems somewhat standard,
+    // and there really isn't much penalty for 4 or 8 byte atomics.
+    int32_t flush = android_atomic_acquire_load(&cblk->u.mStreaming.mFlush);
+    if (flush != mFlush) {
+        ALOGV("ServerProxy::flushBufferIfNeeded() mStreaming.mFlush = 0x%x, mFlush = 0x%0x",
+                flush, mFlush);
+        int32_t rear = android_atomic_acquire_load(&cblk->u.mStreaming.mRear);
+        int32_t front = cblk->u.mStreaming.mFront;
+
+        // effectively obtain then release whatever is in the buffer
+        const size_t overflowBit = mFrameCountP2 << 1;
+        const size_t mask = overflowBit - 1;
+        int32_t newFront = (front & ~mask) | (flush & mask);
+        ssize_t filled = rear - newFront;
+        if (filled >= (ssize_t)overflowBit) {
+            // front and rear offsets span the overflow bit of the p2 mask
+            // so rebasing newFront on the front offset is off by the overflow bit.
+            // adjust newFront to match rear offset.
+            ALOGV("flush wrap: filled %zx >= overflowBit %zx", filled, overflowBit);
+            newFront += overflowBit;
+            filled -= overflowBit;
+        }
+        // Rather than shutting down on a corrupt flush, just treat it as a full flush
+        if (!(0 <= filled && (size_t) filled <= mFrameCount)) {
+            ALOGE("mFlush %#x -> %#x, front %#x, rear %#x, mask %#x, newFront %#x, "
+                    "filled %zd=%#x",
+                    mFlush, flush, front, rear,
+                    (unsigned)mask, newFront, filled, (unsigned)filled);
+            newFront = rear;
+        }
+        mFlush = flush;
+        android_atomic_release_store(newFront, &cblk->u.mStreaming.mFront);
+        // There is no danger from a false positive, so err on the side of caution
+        if (true /*front != newFront*/) {
+            int32_t old = android_atomic_or(CBLK_FUTEX_WAKE, &cblk->mFutex);
+            if (!(old & CBLK_FUTEX_WAKE)) {
+                (void) syscall(__NR_futex, &cblk->mFutex,
+                        mClientInServer ? FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE : FUTEX_WAKE, 1);
+            }
+        }
+        mFlushed += (newFront - front) & mask;
+    }
+}
+
+__attribute__((no_sanitize("integer")))
 status_t ServerProxy::obtainBuffer(Buffer* buffer, bool ackFlush)
 {
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(buffer == NULL || buffer->mFrameCount == 0);
@@ -636,44 +686,9 @@
     int32_t rear;
     // See notes on barriers at ClientProxy::obtainBuffer()
     if (mIsOut) {
-        int32_t flush = cblk->u.mStreaming.mFlush;
+        flushBufferIfNeeded(); // might modify mFront
         rear = android_atomic_acquire_load(&cblk->u.mStreaming.mRear);
         front = cblk->u.mStreaming.mFront;
-        if (flush != mFlush) {
-            // effectively obtain then release whatever is in the buffer
-            const size_t overflowBit = mFrameCountP2 << 1;
-            const size_t mask = overflowBit - 1;
-            int32_t newFront = (front & ~mask) | (flush & mask);
-            ssize_t filled = rear - newFront;
-            if (filled >= (ssize_t)overflowBit) {
-                // front and rear offsets span the overflow bit of the p2 mask
-                // so rebasing newFront on the front offset is off by the overflow bit.
-                // adjust newFront to match rear offset.
-                ALOGV("flush wrap: filled %zx >= overflowBit %zx", filled, overflowBit);
-                newFront += overflowBit;
-                filled -= overflowBit;
-            }
-            // Rather than shutting down on a corrupt flush, just treat it as a full flush
-            if (!(0 <= filled && (size_t) filled <= mFrameCount)) {
-                ALOGE("mFlush %#x -> %#x, front %#x, rear %#x, mask %#x, newFront %#x, "
-                        "filled %zd=%#x",
-                        mFlush, flush, front, rear,
-                        (unsigned)mask, newFront, filled, (unsigned)filled);
-                newFront = rear;
-            }
-            mFlush = flush;
-            android_atomic_release_store(newFront, &cblk->u.mStreaming.mFront);
-            // There is no danger from a false positive, so err on the side of caution
-            if (true /*front != newFront*/) {
-                int32_t old = android_atomic_or(CBLK_FUTEX_WAKE, &cblk->mFutex);
-                if (!(old & CBLK_FUTEX_WAKE)) {
-                    (void) syscall(__NR_futex, &cblk->mFutex,
-                            mClientInServer ? FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE : FUTEX_WAKE, 1);
-                }
-            }
-            mFlushed += (newFront - front) & mask;
-            front = newFront;
-        }
     } else {
         front = android_atomic_acquire_load(&cblk->u.mStreaming.mFront);
         rear = cblk->u.mStreaming.mRear;
diff --git a/media/libmedia/ICrypto.cpp b/media/libmedia/ICrypto.cpp
index 26dd2c9..302e6ee 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/ICrypto.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/ICrypto.cpp
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@
 
         if (isCryptoError(result)) {
             errorDetailMsg->setTo(reply.readCString());
-        }
-
-        if (dstType == kDestinationTypeVmPointer && result >= 0) {
-            reply.read(dstPtr, result);
+        } else if (dstType == kDestinationTypeVmPointer) {
+            // For the non-secure case, copy the decrypted
+            // data from shared memory to its final destination
+            memcpy(dstPtr, sharedBuffer->pointer(), result);
         }
 
         return result;
@@ -369,7 +369,11 @@
             if (dstType == kDestinationTypeVmPointer) {
                 if (result >= 0) {
                     CHECK_LE(result, static_cast<ssize_t>(totalSize));
-                    reply->write(dstPtr, result);
+                    // For the non-secure case, pass the decrypted
+                    // data back via the shared buffer rather than
+                    // copying it separately over binder to avoid
+                    // binder's 1MB limit.
+                    memcpy(sharedBuffer->pointer(), dstPtr, result);
                 }
                 free(dstPtr);
                 dstPtr = NULL;
diff --git a/media/libmedia/IMediaExtractor.cpp b/media/libmedia/IMediaExtractor.cpp
index 4be1118..72d1d7c 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/IMediaExtractor.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/IMediaExtractor.cpp
@@ -209,16 +209,11 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < tracks.size(); i++) {
         const String8 desc = trackDescriptions.itemAt(i);
         str.appendFormat("    track {%s} ", desc.string());
-        wp<IMediaSource> wSource = tracks.itemAt(i);
-        if (wSource == NULL) {
-            str.append(": null\n");
+        const sp<IMediaSource> source = tracks.itemAt(i).promote();
+        if (source == NULL) {
+            str.append(": deleted\n");
         } else {
-            const sp<IMediaSource> source = wSource.promote();
-            if (source == NULL) {
-                str.append(": deleted\n");
-            } else {
-                str.appendFormat(": active\n");
-            }
+            str.appendFormat(": active\n");
         }
     }
     return str;
@@ -237,14 +232,9 @@
         if (extractor != NULL && extractor == ex) {
             if (instance.tracks.size() > 5) {
                 instance.tracks.resize(5);
-                instance.trackDescriptions.resize(5);
             }
             instance.tracks.push_front(source);
-            if (source != NULL) {
-                instance.trackDescriptions.push_front(source->getFormat()->toString());
-            } else {
-                instance.trackDescriptions.push_front(String8::empty());
-            }
+            instance.trackDescriptions.add(source->getFormat()->toString());
             break;
         }
     }
diff --git a/media/libmedia/IMediaSource.cpp b/media/libmedia/IMediaSource.cpp
index dd94ccf..595bad9 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/IMediaSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/IMediaSource.cpp
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@
 
 protected:
     virtual ~RemoteMediaBufferWrapper() {
-        // Indicate to MediaBufferGroup to release.
-        int32_t old = addPendingRelease(1);
-        ALOGV("RemoteMediaBufferWrapper: releasing %p, old %d", this, old);
+        // Release our interest in the MediaBuffer's shared memory.
+        int32_t old = addRemoteRefcount(-1);
+        ALOGV("RemoteMediaBufferWrapper: releasing %p, refcount %d", this, old - 1);
         mMemory.clear(); // don't set the dead object flag.
     }
 };
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@
         case STOP: {
             ALOGV("stop");
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IMediaSource, data, reply);
+            mGroup->signalBufferReturned(nullptr);
             status_t status = stop();
-            mGroup->gc();
             mIndexCache.reset();
             mBuffersSinceStop = 0;
             return status;
@@ -305,6 +305,7 @@
         case PAUSE: {
             ALOGV("pause");
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IMediaSource, data, reply);
+            mGroup->signalBufferReturned(nullptr);
             return pause();
         }
         case GETFORMAT: {
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@
                     && len == sizeof(opts)
                     && data.read((void *)&opts, len) == NO_ERROR;
 
-            mGroup->gc(kBinderMediaBuffers /* freeBuffers */);
+            mGroup->signalBufferReturned(nullptr);
             mIndexCache.gc();
             size_t inlineTransferSize = 0;
             status_t ret = NO_ERROR;
@@ -411,8 +412,9 @@
                     reply->writeInt32(offset);
                     reply->writeInt32(length);
                     buf->meta_data()->writeToParcel(*reply);
+                    transferBuf->addRemoteRefcount(1);
                     if (transferBuf != buf) {
-                        buf->release();
+                        transferBuf->release(); // release local ref
                     } else if (!supportNonblockingRead()) {
                         maxNumBuffers = 0; // stop readMultiple with one shared buffer.
                     }
@@ -423,12 +425,12 @@
                     reply->writeInt32(INLINE_BUFFER);
                     reply->writeByteArray(length, (uint8_t*)buf->data() + offset);
                     buf->meta_data()->writeToParcel(*reply);
-                    buf->release();
                     inlineTransferSize += length;
                     if (inlineTransferSize > kInlineMaxTransfer) {
                         maxNumBuffers = 0; // stop readMultiple if inline transfer is too large.
                     }
                 }
+                buf->release();
             }
             reply->writeInt32(NULL_BUFFER); // Indicate no more MediaBuffers.
             reply->writeInt32(ret);
diff --git a/media/libmedia/ToneGenerator.cpp b/media/libmedia/ToneGenerator.cpp
index 2f53637..7a72237 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/ToneGenerator.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/ToneGenerator.cpp
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@
                         { .duration = 2000, .waveFreq = { 0 }, 0, 0},
                         { .duration = 0, .waveFreq = { 0 }, 0, 0}},
           .repeatCnt = ToneGenerator::TONEGEN_INF,
-          .repeatSegment = 0 },                              // TONE_UK_RINGTONE
+          .repeatSegment = 0 },                              // TONE_GB_RINGTONE
         { .segments = { { .duration = 400, .waveFreq = { 400, 450, 0 }, 0, 0 },
                         { .duration = 200, .waveFreq = { 0 }, 0, 0 },
                         { .duration = 400, .waveFreq = { 400, 450, 0 }, 0, 0 },
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@
             TONE_SUP_CALL_WAITING,       // TONE_SUP_CALL_WAITING
             TONE_SUP_RINGTONE            // TONE_SUP_RINGTONE
         },
-        {   // UK
+        {   // GB
             TONE_SUP_DIAL,               // TONE_SUP_DIAL
             TONE_SUP_BUSY,               // TONE_SUP_BUSY
             TONE_SUP_CONGESTION,         // TONE_SUP_CONGESTION
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@
             TONE_SUP_RADIO_NOTAVAIL,     // TONE_SUP_RADIO_NOTAVAIL
             TONE_SUP_ERROR,              // TONE_SUP_ERROR
             TONE_SUP_CALL_WAITING,       // TONE_SUP_CALL_WAITING
-            TONE_UK_RINGTONE             // TONE_SUP_RINGTONE
+            TONE_GB_RINGTONE             // TONE_SUP_RINGTONE
         },
         {   // AUSTRALIA
             TONE_ANSI_DIAL,             // TONE_SUP_DIAL
@@ -869,8 +869,8 @@
         mRegion = ANSI;
     } else if (strstr(value, "jp") != NULL) {
         mRegion = JAPAN;
-    } else if (strstr(value, "uk") != NULL) {
-        mRegion = UK;
+    } else if (strstr(value, "gb") != NULL) {
+        mRegion = GB;
     } else if (strstr(value, "au") != NULL) {
         mRegion = AUSTRALIA;
     } else {
@@ -1612,8 +1612,8 @@
         lS1 = (long)0;
         lS2 = (long)mS2_0;
     } else {
-        lS1 = (long)mS1;
-        lS2 = (long)mS2;
+        lS1 = mS1;
+        lS2 = mS2;
     }
     lA1 = (long)mA1_Q14;
     lAmplitude = (long)mAmplitude_Q15;
@@ -1649,8 +1649,8 @@
     }
 
     // save status
-    mS1 = (short)lS1;
-    mS2 = (short)lS2;
+    mS1 = lS1;
+    mS2 = lS2;
 }
 
 }  // end namespace android
diff --git a/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp b/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp
index 31e310b..37bf0bd 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 {
     ALOGV("Visualizer::~Visualizer()");
     setEnabled(false);
-    setCaptureCallBack(NULL, NULL, 0, 0, true);
+    setCaptureCallBack(NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
 }
 
 status_t Visualizer::setEnabled(bool enabled)
@@ -77,13 +77,11 @@
 
     status_t status = AudioEffect::setEnabled(enabled);
 
-    if (status == NO_ERROR) {
-        if (t != 0) {
-            if (enabled) {
-                t->run("Visualizer");
-            } else {
-                t->requestExit();
-            }
+    if (t != 0) {
+        if (enabled && status == NO_ERROR) {
+            t->run("Visualizer");
+        } else {
+            t->requestExit();
         }
     }
 
@@ -95,14 +93,14 @@
 }
 
 status_t Visualizer::setCaptureCallBack(capture_cbk_t cbk, void* user, uint32_t flags,
-        uint32_t rate, bool force)
+        uint32_t rate)
 {
     if (rate > CAPTURE_RATE_MAX) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mCaptureLock);
 
-    if (force || mEnabled) {
+    if (mEnabled) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
 
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.cpp
index 3fffdc1a..5027e01 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <media/stagefright/MediaErrors.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/MetaData.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/MediaDefs.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/Utils.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -100,26 +101,38 @@
 void NuPlayer::HTTPLiveSource::start() {
 }
 
-sp<AMessage> NuPlayer::HTTPLiveSource::getFormat(bool audio) {
-    sp<AMessage> format;
-    status_t err = -EWOULDBLOCK;
+sp<MetaData> NuPlayer::HTTPLiveSource::getFormatMeta(bool audio) {
+    sp<MetaData> meta;
     if (mLiveSession != NULL) {
-        err = mLiveSession->getStreamFormat(
+        mLiveSession->getStreamFormatMeta(
                 audio ? LiveSession::STREAMTYPE_AUDIO
                       : LiveSession::STREAMTYPE_VIDEO,
-                &format);
+                &meta);
     }
 
+    return meta;
+}
+
+sp<AMessage> NuPlayer::HTTPLiveSource::getFormat(bool audio) {
+    sp<MetaData> meta;
+    status_t err = -EWOULDBLOCK;
+    if (mLiveSession != NULL) {
+        err = mLiveSession->getStreamFormatMeta(
+                audio ? LiveSession::STREAMTYPE_AUDIO
+                      : LiveSession::STREAMTYPE_VIDEO,
+                &meta);
+    }
+
+    sp<AMessage> format;
     if (err == -EWOULDBLOCK) {
         format = new AMessage();
         format->setInt32("err", err);
         return format;
     }
 
-    if (err != OK) {
+    if (err != OK || convertMetaDataToMessage(meta, &format) != OK) {
         return NULL;
     }
-
     return format;
 }
 
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.h
index 9e0ec2f..574937d 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/HTTPLiveSource.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     virtual void start();
 
     virtual status_t dequeueAccessUnit(bool audio, sp<ABuffer> *accessUnit);
+    virtual sp<MetaData> getFormatMeta(bool audio);
     virtual sp<AMessage> getFormat(bool audio);
 
     virtual status_t feedMoreTSData();
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp
index 134da14..dc4e5d4 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp
@@ -1339,7 +1339,16 @@
     }
 
     sp<MetaData> audioMeta = mSource->getFormatMeta(true /* audio */);
+    sp<MetaData> videoMeta = mSource->getFormatMeta(false /* audio */);
+    if (audioMeta == NULL && videoMeta == NULL) {
+        ALOGE("no metadata for either audio or video source");
+        mSource->stop();
+        mSourceStarted = false;
+        notifyListener(MEDIA_ERROR, MEDIA_ERROR_UNKNOWN, ERROR_MALFORMED);
+        return;
+    }
     ALOGV_IF(audioMeta == NULL, "no metadata for audio source");  // video only stream
+
     audio_stream_type_t streamType = AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC;
     if (mAudioSink != NULL) {
         streamType = mAudioSink->getAudioStreamType();
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp
index 423c2ed..caaa735 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerDecoder.cpp
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
 
 status_t NuPlayer::Decoder::fetchInputData(sp<AMessage> &reply) {
     sp<ABuffer> accessUnit;
-    bool dropAccessUnit;
+    bool dropAccessUnit = true;
     do {
         status_t err = mSource->dequeueAccessUnit(mIsAudio, &accessUnit);
 
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp
index b47a4f1..b742762 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.cpp
@@ -141,6 +141,17 @@
         mAudioSink->flush();
         mAudioSink->close();
     }
+
+    // Try to avoid racing condition in case callback is still on.
+    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
+    mUseAudioCallback = false;
+    flushQueue(&mAudioQueue);
+    flushQueue(&mVideoQueue);
+    mWakeLock.clear();
+    mMediaClock.clear();
+    mVideoScheduler.clear();
+    mNotify.clear();
+    mAudioSink.clear();
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::Renderer::queueBuffer(
@@ -744,7 +755,7 @@
         case MediaPlayerBase::AudioSink::CB_EVENT_STREAM_END:
         {
             ALOGV("AudioSink::CB_EVENT_STREAM_END");
-            me->notifyEOS(true /* audio */, ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
+            me->notifyEOSCallback();
             break;
         }
 
@@ -759,6 +770,16 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+void NuPlayer::Renderer::notifyEOSCallback() {
+    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
+
+    if (!mUseAudioCallback) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    notifyEOS(true /* audio */, ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
+}
+
 size_t NuPlayer::Renderer::fillAudioBuffer(void *buffer, size_t size) {
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
 
@@ -1190,8 +1211,10 @@
             msg->setWhat(kWhatPostDrainVideoQueue);
             msg->post(postDelayUs);
             mVideoScheduler->restart();
-            ALOGI("possible video time jump of %dms or uninitialized media clock, retrying in %dms",
-                    (int)(delayUs / 1000), (int)(postDelayUs / 1000));
+            ALOGI("possible video time jump of %dms (%lld : %lld) or uninitialized media clock,"
+                    " retrying in %dms",
+                    (int)(delayUs / 1000), (long long)mediaTimeUs,
+                    (long long)mAudioFirstAnchorTimeMediaUs, (int)(postDelayUs / 1000));
             mDrainVideoQueuePending = true;
             return;
         }
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h
index 004e21c..fe7f8fa 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/NuPlayerRenderer.h
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@
     status_t getCurrentPositionFromAnchor(
             int64_t *mediaUs, int64_t nowUs, bool allowPastQueuedVideo = false);
 
+    void notifyEOSCallback();
     size_t fillAudioBuffer(void *buffer, size_t size);
 
     bool onDrainAudioQueue();
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp
index 8a305de..c4e5df7 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
       mDisconnectReplyID(0),
       mBuffering(false),
       mInPreparationPhase(true),
+      mEOSPending(false),
       mSeekGeneration(0),
       mEOSTimeoutAudio(0),
       mEOSTimeoutVideo(0) {
@@ -200,34 +201,28 @@
     status_t finalResult;
     if (!source->hasBufferAvailable(&finalResult)) {
         if (finalResult == OK) {
-            int64_t mediaDurationUs = 0;
-            getDuration(&mediaDurationUs);
-            sp<AnotherPacketSource> otherSource = getSource(!audio);
-            status_t otherFinalResult;
 
-            // If other source already signaled EOS, this source should also signal EOS
-            if (otherSource != NULL &&
-                    !otherSource->hasBufferAvailable(&otherFinalResult) &&
-                    otherFinalResult == ERROR_END_OF_STREAM) {
-                source->signalEOS(ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
+            // If other source already signaled EOS, this source should also return EOS
+            if (sourceReachedEOS(!audio)) {
                 return ERROR_END_OF_STREAM;
             }
 
             // If this source has detected near end, give it some time to retrieve more
-            // data before signaling EOS
+            // data before returning EOS
+            int64_t mediaDurationUs = 0;
+            getDuration(&mediaDurationUs);
             if (source->isFinished(mediaDurationUs)) {
                 int64_t eosTimeout = audio ? mEOSTimeoutAudio : mEOSTimeoutVideo;
                 if (eosTimeout == 0) {
                     setEOSTimeout(audio, ALooper::GetNowUs());
                 } else if ((ALooper::GetNowUs() - eosTimeout) > kNearEOSTimeoutUs) {
                     setEOSTimeout(audio, 0);
-                    source->signalEOS(ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
                     return ERROR_END_OF_STREAM;
                 }
                 return -EWOULDBLOCK;
             }
 
-            if (!(otherSource != NULL && otherSource->isFinished(mediaDurationUs))) {
+            if (!sourceNearEOS(!audio)) {
                 // We should not enter buffering mode
                 // if any of the sources already have detected EOS.
                 startBufferingIfNecessary();
@@ -306,6 +301,7 @@
 
     mState = SEEKING;
     mHandler->seek(seekTimeUs);
+    mEOSPending = false;
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::schedulePollBuffering() {
@@ -314,10 +310,10 @@
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::checkBuffering(
-        bool *prepared, bool *underflow, bool *overflow, bool *startServer) {
+        bool *prepared, bool *underflow, bool *overflow, bool *startServer, bool *finished) {
     size_t numTracks = mTracks.size();
-    size_t preparedCount, underflowCount, overflowCount, startCount;
-    preparedCount = underflowCount = overflowCount = startCount = 0;
+    size_t preparedCount, underflowCount, overflowCount, startCount, finishedCount;
+    preparedCount = underflowCount = overflowCount = startCount = finishedCount = 0;
 
     size_t count = numTracks;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
@@ -337,6 +333,7 @@
 
         if (src->isFinished(/* duration */ 0)) {
             ++overflowCount;
+            ++finishedCount;
         } else {
             if (bufferedDurationUs < kUnderflowMarkUs) {
                 ++underflowCount;
@@ -354,11 +351,12 @@
     *underflow   = (underflowCount > 0);
     *overflow    = (overflowCount == numTracks);
     *startServer = (startCount > 0);
+    *finished    = (finishedCount > 0);
 }
 
 void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::onPollBuffering() {
-    bool prepared, underflow, overflow, startServer;
-    checkBuffering(&prepared, &underflow, &overflow, &startServer);
+    bool prepared, underflow, overflow, startServer, finished;
+    checkBuffering(&prepared, &underflow, &overflow, &startServer, &finished);
 
     if (prepared && mInPreparationPhase) {
         mInPreparationPhase = false;
@@ -369,8 +367,11 @@
         startBufferingIfNecessary();
     }
 
-    if (overflow && mHandler != NULL) {
+    if (haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks()) {
         stopBufferingIfNecessary();
+    }
+
+    if (overflow && mHandler != NULL) {
         mHandler->pause();
     }
 
@@ -378,9 +379,72 @@
         mHandler->resume();
     }
 
+    if (finished && mHandler != NULL) {
+        mHandler->cancelAccessUnitTimeoutCheck();
+    }
+
     schedulePollBuffering();
 }
 
+void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::signalSourceEOS(status_t result) {
+    const bool audio = true;
+    const bool video = false;
+
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(audio);
+    if (source != NULL) {
+        source->signalEOS(result);
+    }
+
+    source = getSource(video);
+    if (source != NULL) {
+        source->signalEOS(result);
+    }
+}
+
+bool NuPlayer::RTSPSource::sourceReachedEOS(bool audio) {
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(audio);
+    status_t finalResult;
+    return (source != NULL &&
+            !source->hasBufferAvailable(&finalResult) &&
+            finalResult == ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
+}
+
+bool NuPlayer::RTSPSource::sourceNearEOS(bool audio) {
+    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(audio);
+    int64_t mediaDurationUs = 0;
+    getDuration(&mediaDurationUs);
+    return (source != NULL && source->isFinished(mediaDurationUs));
+}
+
+void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::onSignalEOS(const sp<AMessage> &msg) {
+    int32_t generation;
+    CHECK(msg->findInt32("generation", &generation));
+
+    if (generation != mSeekGeneration) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (mEOSPending) {
+        signalSourceEOS(ERROR_END_OF_STREAM);
+        mEOSPending = false;
+    }
+}
+
+void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::postSourceEOSIfNecessary() {
+    const bool audio = true;
+    const bool video = false;
+    // If a source has detected near end, give it some time to retrieve more
+    // data before signaling EOS
+    if (sourceNearEOS(audio) || sourceNearEOS(video)) {
+        if (!mEOSPending) {
+            sp<AMessage> msg = new AMessage(kWhatSignalEOS, this);
+            msg->setInt32("generation", mSeekGeneration);
+            msg->post(kNearEOSTimeoutUs);
+            mEOSPending = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void NuPlayer::RTSPSource::onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage> &msg) {
     if (msg->what() == kWhatDisconnect) {
         sp<AReplyToken> replyID;
@@ -408,6 +472,9 @@
     } else if (msg->what() == kWhatPollBuffering) {
         onPollBuffering();
         return;
+    } else if (msg->what() == kWhatSignalEOS) {
+        onSignalEOS(msg);
+        return;
     }
 
     CHECK_EQ(msg->what(), (int)kWhatNotify);
@@ -517,16 +584,10 @@
                 }
 
                 if (err != OK) {
-                    sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(false /* audio */);
-                    if (source != NULL) {
-                        source->signalEOS(err);
-                    }
-
-                    source = getSource(true /* audio */);
-                    if (source != NULL) {
-                        source->signalEOS(err);
-                    }
+                    signalSourceEOS(err);
                 }
+
+                postSourceEOSIfNecessary();
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -554,6 +615,7 @@
 
                 source->queueAccessUnit(accessUnit);
             }
+            postSourceEOSIfNecessary();
             break;
         }
 
@@ -564,17 +626,7 @@
             CHECK_NE(finalResult, (status_t)OK);
 
             if (mTSParser != NULL) {
-                sp<AnotherPacketSource> source = getSource(false /* audio */);
-                if (source != NULL) {
-                    source->signalEOS(finalResult);
-                }
-
-                source = getSource(true /* audio */);
-                if (source != NULL) {
-                    source->signalEOS(finalResult);
-                }
-
-                return;
+                signalSourceEOS(finalResult);
             }
 
             size_t trackIndex;
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h
index a6a7644..c7834ef 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/nuplayer/RTSPSource.h
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
         kWhatDisconnect      = 'disc',
         kWhatPerformSeek     = 'seek',
         kWhatPollBuffering   = 'poll',
+        kWhatSignalEOS       = 'eos ',
     };
 
     enum State {
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@
     Mutex mBufferingLock;
     bool mBuffering;
     bool mInPreparationPhase;
+    bool mEOSPending;
 
     sp<ALooper> mLooper;
     sp<MyHandler> mHandler;
@@ -133,7 +135,12 @@
 
     void performSeek(int64_t seekTimeUs);
     void schedulePollBuffering();
-    void checkBuffering(bool *prepared, bool *underflow, bool *overflow, bool *startServer);
+    void checkBuffering(
+            bool *prepared,
+            bool *underflow,
+            bool *overflow,
+            bool *startServer,
+            bool *finished);
     void onPollBuffering();
 
     bool haveSufficientDataOnAllTracks();
@@ -144,6 +151,13 @@
     bool stopBufferingIfNecessary();
     void finishSeek(status_t err);
 
+    void postSourceEOSIfNecessary();
+    void signalSourceEOS(status_t result);
+    void onSignalEOS(const sp<AMessage> &msg);
+
+    bool sourceNearEOS(bool audio);
+    bool sourceReachedEOS(bool audio);
+
     DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RTSPSource);
 };
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/CameraSource.cpp b/media/libstagefright/CameraSource.cpp
index 494fb45..b7d9965 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/CameraSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/CameraSource.cpp
@@ -1125,6 +1125,9 @@
         int64_t token = IPCThreadState::self()->clearCallingIdentity();
         mCamera->releaseRecordingFrameHandle(handle);
         IPCThreadState::self()->restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+    } else {
+        native_handle_close(handle);
+        native_handle_delete(handle);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Extractor.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
index e09d881..d1603c1 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
@@ -375,7 +375,6 @@
       mMdatFound(false),
       mDataSource(source),
       mInitCheck(NO_INIT),
-      mHasVideo(false),
       mHeaderTimescale(0),
       mIsQT(false),
       mFirstTrack(NULL),
@@ -547,11 +546,13 @@
     }
 
     if (mInitCheck == OK) {
-        if (mHasVideo) {
+        if (findTrackByMimePrefix("video/") != NULL) {
             mFileMetaData->setCString(
                     kKeyMIMEType, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_MPEG4);
-        } else {
+        } else if (findTrackByMimePrefix("audio/") != NULL) {
             mFileMetaData->setCString(kKeyMIMEType, "audio/mp4");
+        } else {
+            mFileMetaData->setCString(kKeyMIMEType, "application/octet-stream");
         }
     } else {
         mInitCheck = err;
@@ -1498,8 +1499,6 @@
         case FOURCC('h', 'v', 'c', '1'):
         case FOURCC('h', 'e', 'v', '1'):
         {
-            mHasVideo = true;
-
             uint8_t buffer[78];
             if (chunk_data_size < (ssize_t)sizeof(buffer)) {
                 // Basic VideoSampleEntry size.
@@ -4199,11 +4198,13 @@
     if (!mDataSource->getUInt32(offset, &flags)) {
         return ERROR_MALFORMED;
     }
-    ALOGV("fragment run flags: %08x", flags);
-
-    if (flags & 0xff000000) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
+    // |version| only affects SampleCompositionTimeOffset field.
+    // If version == 0, SampleCompositionTimeOffset is uint32_t;
+    // Otherwise, SampleCompositionTimeOffset is int32_t.
+    // Sample.compositionOffset is defined as int32_t.
+    uint8_t version = flags >> 24;
+    flags &= 0xffffff;
+    ALOGV("fragment run version: 0x%02x, flags: 0x%06x", version, flags);
 
     if ((flags & kFirstSampleFlagsPresent) && (flags & kSampleFlagsPresent)) {
         // These two shall not be used together.
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
index 3fd5bb6..6ca2abb 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@
     bool mIsHevc;
     bool mIsAudio;
     bool mIsMPEG4;
+    bool mIsMalformed;
     int32_t mTrackId;
     int64_t mTrackDurationUs;
     int64_t mMaxChunkDurationUs;
@@ -1536,6 +1537,7 @@
       mPaused(false),
       mResumed(false),
       mStarted(false),
+      mIsMalformed(false),
       mTrackId(trackId),
       mTrackDurationUs(0),
       mEstimatedTrackSizeBytes(0),
@@ -2481,12 +2483,16 @@
             ALOGW("Recorded file size exceeds limit %" PRId64 "bytes",
                     mOwner->mMaxFileSizeLimitBytes);
             mOwner->notify(MEDIA_RECORDER_EVENT_INFO, MEDIA_RECORDER_INFO_MAX_FILESIZE_REACHED, 0);
+            copy->release();
+            mSource->stop();
             break;
         }
         if (mOwner->exceedsFileDurationLimit()) {
             ALOGW("Recorded file duration exceeds limit %" PRId64 "microseconds",
                     mOwner->mMaxFileDurationLimitUs);
             mOwner->notify(MEDIA_RECORDER_EVENT_INFO, MEDIA_RECORDER_INFO_MAX_DURATION_REACHED, 0);
+            copy->release();
+            mSource->stop();
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2507,13 +2513,17 @@
             int64_t durExcludingEarlierPausesUs = timestampUs - previousPausedDurationUs;
             if (WARN_UNLESS(durExcludingEarlierPausesUs >= 0ll, "for %s track", trackName)) {
                 copy->release();
-                return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+                mSource->stop();
+                mIsMalformed = true;
+                break;
             }
 
             int64_t pausedDurationUs = durExcludingEarlierPausesUs - mTrackDurationUs;
             if (WARN_UNLESS(pausedDurationUs >= lastDurationUs, "for %s track", trackName)) {
                 copy->release();
-                return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+                mSource->stop();
+                mIsMalformed = true;
+                break;
             }
 
             previousPausedDurationUs += pausedDurationUs - lastDurationUs;
@@ -2523,7 +2533,9 @@
         timestampUs -= previousPausedDurationUs;
         if (WARN_UNLESS(timestampUs >= 0ll, "for %s track", trackName)) {
             copy->release();
-            return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+            mSource->stop();
+            mIsMalformed = true;
+            break;
         }
 
         if (!mIsAudio) {
@@ -2550,7 +2562,9 @@
                     timestampUs + kMaxCttsOffsetTimeUs - decodingTimeUs;
             if (WARN_UNLESS(cttsOffsetTimeUs >= 0ll, "for %s track", trackName)) {
                 copy->release();
-                return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+                mSource->stop();
+                mIsMalformed = true;
+                break;
             }
 
             timestampUs = decodingTimeUs;
@@ -2562,7 +2576,9 @@
                     (cttsOffsetTimeUs * mTimeScale + 500000LL) / 1000000LL;
             if (WARN_UNLESS(currCttsOffsetTimeTicks <= 0x0FFFFFFFFLL, "for %s track", trackName)) {
                 copy->release();
-                return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+                mSource->stop();
+                mIsMalformed = true;
+                break;
             }
 
             if (mStszTableEntries->count() == 0) {
@@ -2604,7 +2620,9 @@
 
         if (WARN_UNLESS(timestampUs >= 0ll, "for %s track", trackName)) {
             copy->release();
-            return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+            mSource->stop();
+            mIsMalformed = true;
+            break;
         }
 
         ALOGV("%s media time stamp: %" PRId64 " and previous paused duration %" PRId64,
@@ -2626,7 +2644,8 @@
                     (long long)timestampUs, (long long)lastTimestampUs, trackName);
             copy->release();
             mSource->stop();
-            return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+            mIsMalformed = true;
+            break;
         }
 
         // if the duration is different for this sample, see if it is close enough to the previous
@@ -2782,6 +2801,10 @@
 }
 
 bool MPEG4Writer::Track::isTrackMalFormed() const {
+    if (mIsMalformed) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     if (mStszTableEntries->count() == 0) {                      // no samples written
         ALOGE("The number of recorded samples is 0");
         return true;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
index ff5c4d4..e476424 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
@@ -2160,14 +2160,19 @@
             CHECK(msg->findPointer("buffers", (void **)&dstBuffers));
 
             dstBuffers->clear();
-            const Vector<BufferInfo> &srcBuffers = mPortBuffers[portIndex];
+            // If we're using input surface (either non-persistent created by
+            // createInputSurface(), or persistent set by setInputSurface()),
+            // give the client an empty input buffers array.
+            if (portIndex != kPortIndexInput || !mHaveInputSurface) {
+                const Vector<BufferInfo> &srcBuffers = mPortBuffers[portIndex];
 
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < srcBuffers.size(); ++i) {
-                const BufferInfo &info = srcBuffers.itemAt(i);
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < srcBuffers.size(); ++i) {
+                    const BufferInfo &info = srcBuffers.itemAt(i);
 
-                dstBuffers->push_back(
-                        (portIndex == kPortIndexInput && mCrypto != NULL)
-                                ? info.mEncryptedData : info.mData);
+                    dstBuffers->push_back(
+                            (portIndex == kPortIndexInput && mCrypto != NULL)
+                                    ? info.mEncryptedData : info.mData);
+                }
             }
 
             (new AMessage)->postReply(replyID);
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodecSource.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodecSource.cpp
index 33d624e..ea5ef06 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodecSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodecSource.cpp
@@ -859,6 +859,7 @@
             }
 
             MediaBuffer *mbuf = new MediaBuffer(outbuf->size());
+            mbuf->setObserver(this);
             mbuf->add_ref();
 
             if (!(flags & MediaCodec::BUFFER_FLAG_CODECCONFIG)) {
@@ -911,7 +912,6 @@
                 mbuf->meta_data()->setInt32(kKeyIsSyncFrame, true);
             }
             memcpy(mbuf->data(), outbuf->data(), outbuf->size());
-            mbuf->setObserver(this);
 
             {
                 Mutexed<Output>::Locked output(mOutput);
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/NuMediaExtractor.cpp b/media/libstagefright/NuMediaExtractor.cpp
index c3e8f20..4558b3c 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/NuMediaExtractor.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/NuMediaExtractor.cpp
@@ -305,10 +305,6 @@
 
     sp<IMediaSource> source = mImpl->getTrack(index);
 
-    if (source == nullptr) {
-        return ERROR_MALFORMED;
-    }
-
     status_t ret = source->start();
     if (ret != OK) {
         return ret;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/OMXClient.cpp b/media/libstagefright/OMXClient.cpp
index e994069..e40dbcf 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/OMXClient.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/OMXClient.cpp
@@ -303,6 +303,12 @@
 status_t MuxOMX::freeNode(node_id node) {
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
 
+    // exit if we have already freed the node
+    if (mNodeLocation.indexOfKey(node) < 0) {
+        ALOGD("MuxOMX::freeNode: node %d seems to be released already --- ignoring.", node);
+        return OK;
+    }
+
     status_t err = getOMX_l(node)->freeNode(node);
 
     if (err != OK) {
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp b/media/libstagefright/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp
index d2ba02e..be5067d 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp
@@ -158,11 +158,14 @@
     // TODO: Use Flexible color instead
     videoFormat->setInt32("color-format", OMX_COLOR_FormatYUV420Planar);
 
-    // For the thumbnail extraction case, try to allocate single buffer
-    // in both input and output ports. NOTE: This request may fail if
-    // component requires more than that for decoding.
-    videoFormat->setInt32("android._num-input-buffers", 1);
-    videoFormat->setInt32("android._num-output-buffers", 1);
+    // For the thumbnail extraction case, try to allocate single buffer in both
+    // input and output ports, if seeking to a sync frame. NOTE: This request may
+    // fail if component requires more than that for decoding.
+    bool isSeekingClosest = (seekMode == MediaSource::ReadOptions::SEEK_CLOSEST);
+    if (!isSeekingClosest) {
+        videoFormat->setInt32("android._num-input-buffers", 1);
+        videoFormat->setInt32("android._num-output-buffers", 1);
+    }
 
     status_t err;
     sp<ALooper> looper = new ALooper;
@@ -254,6 +257,9 @@
     bool isAvcOrHevc = !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC)
             || !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC);
 
+    bool firstSample = true;
+    int64_t targetTimeUs = -1ll;
+
     do {
         size_t inputIndex = -1;
         int64_t ptsUs = 0ll;
@@ -280,6 +286,11 @@
                 haveMoreInputs = false;
                 break;
             }
+            if (firstSample && isSeekingClosest) {
+                mediaBuffer->meta_data()->findInt64(kKeyTargetTime, &targetTimeUs);
+                ALOGV("Seeking closest: targetTimeUs=%lld", (long long)targetTimeUs);
+            }
+            firstSample = false;
 
             if (mediaBuffer->range_length() > codecBuffer->capacity()) {
                 ALOGE("buffer size (%zu) too large for codec input size (%zu)",
@@ -292,8 +303,9 @@
                 memcpy(codecBuffer->data(),
                         (const uint8_t*)mediaBuffer->data() + mediaBuffer->range_offset(),
                         mediaBuffer->range_length());
-                if (isAvcOrHevc && IsIDR(codecBuffer)) {
-                    // Only need to decode one IDR frame.
+                if (isAvcOrHevc && IsIDR(codecBuffer) && !isSeekingClosest) {
+                    // Only need to decode one IDR frame, unless we're seeking with CLOSEST
+                    // option, in which case we need to actually decode to targetTimeUs.
                     haveMoreInputs = false;
                     flags |= MediaCodec::BUFFER_FLAG_EOS;
                 }
@@ -340,8 +352,13 @@
                     ALOGV("Timed-out waiting for output.. retries left = %zu", retriesLeft);
                     err = OK;
                 } else if (err == OK) {
-                    ALOGV("Received an output buffer");
-                    done = true;
+                    // If we're seeking with CLOSEST option and obtained a valid targetTimeUs
+                    // from the extractor, decode to the specified frame. Otherwise we're done.
+                    done = (targetTimeUs < 0ll) || (timeUs >= targetTimeUs);
+                    ALOGV("Received an output buffer, timeUs=%lld", (long long)timeUs);
+                    if (!done) {
+                        err = decoder->releaseOutputBuffer(index);
+                    }
                 } else {
                     ALOGW("Received error %d (%s) instead of output", err, asString(err));
                     done = true;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/SurfaceUtils.cpp b/media/libstagefright/SurfaceUtils.cpp
index 60ef662..568837a 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/SurfaceUtils.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/SurfaceUtils.cpp
@@ -186,10 +186,6 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        if (img == NULL) {
-            ALOGE("error pushing blank frames: lock returned NULL buffer");
-            break;
-        }
         *img = 0;
 
         err = buf->unlock();
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/foundation/ColorUtils.cpp b/media/libstagefright/foundation/ColorUtils.cpp
index e329766..d7439b2 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/foundation/ColorUtils.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/foundation/ColorUtils.cpp
@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@
         { 15, ColorAspects::TransferSMPTE170M },
         { 16, ColorAspects::TransferST2084 },
         { 17, ColorAspects::TransferST428 },
+        { 18, ColorAspects::TransferHLG },
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBuffer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBuffer.cpp
index 718b7e5..16000ef 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBuffer.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBuffer.cpp
@@ -105,14 +105,7 @@
 
 void MediaBuffer::release() {
     if (mObserver == NULL) {
-        if (mMemory.get() != nullptr) {
-            // See if there is a pending release and there are no observers.
-            // Ideally this never happens.
-            while (addPendingRelease(-1) > 0) {
-                __sync_fetch_and_sub(&mRefCount, 1);
-            }
-            addPendingRelease(1);
-        }
+        // Legacy contract for MediaBuffer without a MediaBufferGroup.
         CHECK_EQ(mRefCount, 0);
         delete this;
         return;
@@ -205,10 +198,6 @@
     mObserver = observer;
 }
 
-int MediaBuffer::refcount() const {
-    return mRefCount;
-}
-
 MediaBuffer *MediaBuffer::clone() {
     CHECK(mGraphicBuffer == NULL);
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBufferGroup.cpp b/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBufferGroup.cpp
index cb78879..54f768a 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBufferGroup.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/foundation/MediaBufferGroup.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < buffers; ++i) {
             sp<IMemory> mem = memoryDealer->allocate(augmented_size);
-            if (mem.get() == nullptr) {
+            if (mem.get() == nullptr || mem->pointer() == nullptr) {
                 ALOGW("Only allocated %zu shared buffers of size %zu", i, buffer_size);
                 break;
             }
@@ -76,11 +76,24 @@
 
 MediaBufferGroup::~MediaBufferGroup() {
     for (MediaBuffer *buffer : mBuffers) {
-        buffer->resolvePendingRelease();
-        // If we don't release it, perhaps noone will release it.
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(buffer->refcount() != 0,
-                "buffer refcount %p = %d != 0", buffer, buffer->refcount());
-        // actually delete it.
+        if (buffer->refcount() != 0) {
+            const int localRefcount = buffer->localRefcount();
+            const int remoteRefcount = buffer->remoteRefcount();
+
+            // Fatal if we have a local refcount.
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(localRefcount != 0,
+                    "buffer(%p) localRefcount %d != 0, remoteRefcount %d",
+                    buffer, localRefcount, remoteRefcount);
+
+            // Log an error if we have a remaining remote refcount,
+            // as the remote process may have died or may have inappropriate behavior.
+            // The shared memory associated with the MediaBuffer will
+            // automatically be reclaimed when there are no remaining fds
+            // associated with it.
+            ALOGE("buffer(%p) has residual remoteRefcount %d",
+                    buffer, remoteRefcount);
+        }
+        // gracefully delete.
         buffer->setObserver(nullptr);
         buffer->release();
     }
@@ -94,32 +107,11 @@
     // optionally: mGrowthLimit = max(mGrowthLimit, mBuffers.size());
 }
 
-void MediaBufferGroup::gc(size_t freeBuffers) {
-    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
-
-    size_t freeCount = 0;
-    for (auto it = mBuffers.begin(); it != mBuffers.end(); ) {
-        (*it)->resolvePendingRelease();
-        if ((*it)->isDeadObject()) {
-            // The MediaBuffer has been deleted, why is it in the MediaBufferGroup?
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("buffer(%p) has dead object with refcount %d",
-                    (*it), (*it)->refcount());
-        } else if ((*it)->refcount() == 0 && ++freeCount > freeBuffers) {
-            (*it)->setObserver(nullptr);
-            (*it)->release();
-            it = mBuffers.erase(it);
-        } else {
-            ++it;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 bool MediaBufferGroup::has_buffers() {
     if (mBuffers.size() < mGrowthLimit) {
         return true; // We can add more buffers internally.
     }
     for (MediaBuffer *buffer : mBuffers) {
-        buffer->resolvePendingRelease();
         if (buffer->refcount() == 0) {
             return true;
         }
@@ -135,7 +127,6 @@
         MediaBuffer *buffer = nullptr;
         auto free = mBuffers.end();
         for (auto it = mBuffers.begin(); it != mBuffers.end(); ++it) {
-            (*it)->resolvePendingRelease();
             if ((*it)->refcount() == 0) {
                 const size_t size = (*it)->size();
                 if (size >= requestedSize) {
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/foundation/MetaData.cpp b/media/libstagefright/foundation/MetaData.cpp
index b4abc60..a8965f0 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/foundation/MetaData.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/foundation/MetaData.cpp
@@ -392,8 +392,12 @@
 }
 
 status_t MetaData::writeToParcel(Parcel &parcel) {
+    status_t ret;
     size_t numItems = mItems.size();
-    parcel.writeUint32(uint32_t(numItems));
+    ret = parcel.writeUint32(uint32_t(numItems));
+    if (ret) {
+        return ret;
+    }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < numItems; i++) {
         int32_t key = mItems.keyAt(i);
         const typed_data &item = mItems.valueAt(i);
@@ -401,9 +405,32 @@
         const void *data;
         size_t size;
         item.getData(&type, &data, &size);
-        parcel.writeInt32(key);
-        parcel.writeUint32(type);
-        parcel.writeByteArray(size, (uint8_t*)data);
+        ret = parcel.writeInt32(key);
+        if (ret) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+        ret = parcel.writeUint32(type);
+        if (ret) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+        if (type == TYPE_NONE) {
+            android::Parcel::WritableBlob blob;
+            ret = parcel.writeUint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(size));
+            if (ret) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+            ret = parcel.writeBlob(size, false, &blob);
+            if (ret) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+            memcpy(blob.data(), data, size);
+            blob.release();
+        } else {
+            ret = parcel.writeByteArray(size, (uint8_t*)data);
+            if (ret) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
     }
     return OK;
 }
@@ -422,8 +449,20 @@
             if (ret != OK) {
                 break;
             }
-            // copy data directly from Parcel storage, then advance position
-            setData(key, type, parcel.readInplace(size), size);
+            // copy data from Blob, which may be inline in Parcel storage,
+            // then advance position
+            if (type == TYPE_NONE) {
+                android::Parcel::ReadableBlob blob;
+                ret = parcel.readBlob(size, &blob);
+                if (ret != OK) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                setData(key, type, blob.data(), size);
+                blob.release();
+            } else {
+                // copy data directly from Parcel storage, then advance position
+                setData(key, type, parcel.readInplace(size), size);
+            }
          }
 
         return OK;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.cpp b/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.cpp
index cebf95c..7abc019 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.cpp
@@ -467,28 +467,28 @@
     return err;
 }
 
-status_t LiveSession::getStreamFormat(StreamType stream, sp<AMessage> *format) {
+status_t LiveSession::getStreamFormatMeta(StreamType stream, sp<MetaData> *meta) {
     if (!(mStreamMask & stream)) {
         return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
     }
 
     sp<AnotherPacketSource> packetSource = mPacketSources.valueFor(stream);
 
-    sp<MetaData> meta = packetSource->getFormat();
+    *meta = packetSource->getFormat();
 
-    if (meta == NULL) {
+    if (*meta == NULL) {
         return -EWOULDBLOCK;
     }
 
     if (stream == STREAMTYPE_AUDIO) {
         // set AAC input buffer size to 32K bytes (256kbps x 1sec)
-        meta->setInt32(kKeyMaxInputSize, 32 * 1024);
+        (*meta)->setInt32(kKeyMaxInputSize, 32 * 1024);
     } else if (stream == STREAMTYPE_VIDEO) {
-        meta->setInt32(kKeyMaxWidth, mMaxWidth);
-        meta->setInt32(kKeyMaxHeight, mMaxHeight);
+        (*meta)->setInt32(kKeyMaxWidth, mMaxWidth);
+        (*meta)->setInt32(kKeyMaxHeight, mMaxHeight);
     }
 
-    return convertMetaDataToMessage(meta, format);
+    return OK;
 }
 
 sp<HTTPDownloader> LiveSession::getHTTPDownloader() {
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.h b/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.h
index 90d56d0..b600eba 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.h
+++ b/media/libstagefright/httplive/LiveSession.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
     int64_t calculateMediaTimeUs(int64_t firstTimeUs, int64_t timeUs, int32_t discontinuitySeq);
     status_t dequeueAccessUnit(StreamType stream, sp<ABuffer> *accessUnit);
 
-    status_t getStreamFormat(StreamType stream, sp<AMessage> *format);
+    status_t getStreamFormatMeta(StreamType stream, sp<MetaData> *meta);
 
     sp<HTTPDownloader> getHTTPDownloader();
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/include/MPEG4Extractor.h b/media/libstagefright/include/MPEG4Extractor.h
index 37c35e3..836cb08 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/include/MPEG4Extractor.h
+++ b/media/libstagefright/include/MPEG4Extractor.h
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@
 
     sp<DataSource> mDataSource;
     status_t mInitCheck;
-    bool mHasVideo;
     uint32_t mHeaderTimescale;
     bool mIsQT;
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ATSParser.cpp b/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ATSParser.cpp
index b863d67..844479e 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ATSParser.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/mpeg2ts/ATSParser.cpp
@@ -701,6 +701,10 @@
         }
 
         mPayloadStarted = true;
+        // There should be at most 2 elements in |mPesStartOffsets|.
+        while (mPesStartOffsets.size() >= 2) {
+            mPesStartOffsets.erase(mPesStartOffsets.begin());
+        }
         mPesStartOffsets.push_back(offset);
     }
 
@@ -1104,15 +1108,20 @@
             mSource->queueAccessUnit(accessUnit);
         }
 
-        if ((event != NULL) && !found && mQueue->getFormat() != NULL) {
+        // Every access unit has a pesStartOffset queued in |mPesStartOffsets|.
+        off64_t pesStartOffset = -1;
+        if (!mPesStartOffsets.empty()) {
+            pesStartOffset = *mPesStartOffsets.begin();
+            mPesStartOffsets.erase(mPesStartOffsets.begin());
+        }
+
+        if (pesStartOffset >= 0 && (event != NULL) && !found && mQueue->getFormat() != NULL) {
             int32_t sync = 0;
             if (accessUnit->meta()->findInt32("isSync", &sync) && sync) {
                 int64_t timeUs;
                 if (accessUnit->meta()->findInt64("timeUs", &timeUs)) {
                     found = true;
-                    off64_t pesStartOffset = *mPesStartOffsets.begin();
                     event->init(pesStartOffset, mSource, timeUs);
-                    mPesStartOffsets.erase(mPesStartOffsets.begin());
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.cpp b/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.cpp
index f1a1921..8b6c591 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.cpp
@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@
     mRepeatLastFrameTimestamp(-1ll),
     mLatestBufferId(-1),
     mLatestBufferFrameNum(0),
-    mLatestBufferUseCount(0),
     mLatestBufferFence(Fence::NO_FENCE),
     mRepeatBufferDeferred(false),
     mTimePerCaptureUs(-1ll),
@@ -400,12 +399,16 @@
     sp<Fence> fence = new Fence(fenceFd);
     if (mBufferSlot[id] != NULL &&
             mBufferSlot[id]->handle == codecBuffer.mGraphicBuffer->handle) {
-        ALOGV("cbi %d matches bq slot %d, handle=%p",
-                cbi, id, mBufferSlot[id]->handle);
+        mBufferUseCount[id]--;
 
-        if (id == mLatestBufferId) {
-            CHECK_GT(mLatestBufferUseCount--, 0);
-        } else {
+        ALOGV("codecBufferEmptied: slot=%d, cbi=%d, useCount=%d, handle=%p",
+                id, cbi, mBufferUseCount[id], mBufferSlot[id]->handle);
+
+        if (mBufferUseCount[id] < 0) {
+            ALOGW("mBufferUseCount for bq slot %d < 0 (=%d)", id, mBufferUseCount[id]);
+            mBufferUseCount[id] = 0;
+        }
+        if (id != mLatestBufferId && mBufferUseCount[id] == 0) {
             releaseBuffer(id, codecBuffer.mFrameNumber, mBufferSlot[id], fence);
         }
     } else {
@@ -626,6 +629,7 @@
     if (item.mGraphicBuffer != NULL) {
         ALOGV("fillCodecBuffer_l: setting mBufferSlot %d", item.mSlot);
         mBufferSlot[item.mSlot] = item.mGraphicBuffer;
+        mBufferUseCount[item.mSlot] = 0;
     }
 
     if (item.mDataSpace != mLastDataSpace) {
@@ -711,7 +715,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    ++mLatestBufferUseCount;
+    ++mBufferUseCount[item.mSlot];
 
     /* repeat last frame up to kRepeatLastFrameCount times.
      * in case of static scene, a single repeat might not get rid of encoder
@@ -732,10 +736,8 @@
 
 void GraphicBufferSource::setLatestBuffer_l(
         const BufferItem &item, bool dropped) {
-    ALOGV("setLatestBuffer_l");
-
     if (mLatestBufferId >= 0) {
-        if (mLatestBufferUseCount == 0) {
+        if (mBufferUseCount[mLatestBufferId] == 0) {
             releaseBuffer(mLatestBufferId, mLatestBufferFrameNum,
                     mBufferSlot[mLatestBufferId], mLatestBufferFence);
             // mLatestBufferFence will be set to new fence just below
@@ -746,7 +748,13 @@
     mLatestBufferFrameNum = item.mFrameNumber;
     mRepeatLastFrameTimestamp = item.mTimestamp + mRepeatAfterUs * 1000;
 
-    mLatestBufferUseCount = dropped ? 0 : 1;
+    if (!dropped) {
+        ++mBufferUseCount[item.mSlot];
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("setLatestBuffer_l: slot=%d, useCount=%d",
+            item.mSlot, mBufferUseCount[item.mSlot]);
+
     mRepeatBufferDeferred = false;
     mRepeatLastFrameCount = kRepeatLastFrameCount;
     mLatestBufferFence = item.mFence;
@@ -839,11 +847,11 @@
                 int64_t timestampGapUs = originalTimeUs - mPrevOriginalTimeUs;
                 timeUs = (timestampGapUs < mMaxTimestampGapUs ?
                     timestampGapUs : mMaxTimestampGapUs) + mPrevModifiedTimeUs;
-                mOriginalTimeUs.add(timeUs, originalTimeUs);
-                ALOGV("IN  timestamp: %lld -> %lld",
-                    static_cast<long long>(originalTimeUs),
-                    static_cast<long long>(timeUs));
             }
+            mOriginalTimeUs.add(timeUs, originalTimeUs);
+            ALOGV("IN  timestamp: %lld -> %lld",
+                static_cast<long long>(originalTimeUs),
+                static_cast<long long>(timeUs));
         }
 
         mPrevOriginalTimeUs = originalTimeUs;
@@ -854,7 +862,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t GraphicBufferSource::submitBuffer_l(const BufferItem &item, int cbi) {
-    ALOGV("submitBuffer_l cbi=%d", cbi);
+    ALOGV("submitBuffer_l: slot=%d, cbi=%d", item.mSlot, cbi);
 
     int64_t timeUs = getTimestamp(item);
     if (timeUs < 0ll) {
@@ -947,6 +955,7 @@
 void GraphicBufferSource::releaseBuffer(
         int &id, uint64_t frameNum,
         const sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer, const sp<Fence> &fence) {
+    ALOGV("releaseBuffer: slot=%d", id);
     if (mIsPersistent) {
         mConsumer->detachBuffer(id);
         mBufferSlot[id] = NULL;
@@ -996,6 +1005,7 @@
             if (item.mGraphicBuffer != NULL) {
                 ALOGV("onFrameAvailable: setting mBufferSlot %d", item.mSlot);
                 mBufferSlot[item.mSlot] = item.mGraphicBuffer;
+                mBufferUseCount[item.mSlot] = 0;
             }
 
             releaseBuffer(item.mSlot, item.mFrameNumber,
@@ -1029,6 +1039,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS; i++) {
         if ((slotMask & 0x01) != 0) {
             mBufferSlot[i] = NULL;
+            mBufferUseCount[i] = 0;
         }
         slotMask >>= 1;
     }
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.h b/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.h
index adc7afd..b3fcd1b 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.h
+++ b/media/libstagefright/omx/GraphicBufferSource.h
@@ -291,6 +291,7 @@
     // is done processing a GraphicBuffer, we can use this to map back
     // to a slot number.
     sp<GraphicBuffer> mBufferSlot[BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS];
+    int32_t mBufferUseCount[BufferQueue::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS];
 
     // Tracks codec buffers.
     Vector<CodecBuffer> mCodecBuffers;
@@ -323,7 +324,6 @@
 
     int mLatestBufferId;
     uint64_t mLatestBufferFrameNum;
-    int32_t mLatestBufferUseCount;
     sp<Fence> mLatestBufferFence;
 
     // The previous buffer should've been repeated but
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
index 452fecb..7bd66b1 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
             || (index > (OMX_INDEXTYPE)OMX_IndexExtAudioStartUnused
                     && index <= (OMX_INDEXTYPE)OMX_IndexParamAudioProfileQuerySupported)
             || (index > (OMX_INDEXTYPE)OMX_IndexExtVideoStartUnused
-                    && index <= (OMX_INDEXTYPE)OMX_IndexConfigAndroidIntraRefresh)
+                    && index <= (OMX_INDEXTYPE)OMX_IndexConfigAndroidVideoTemporalLayering)
             || (index > (OMX_INDEXTYPE)OMX_IndexExtOtherStartUnused
                     && index <= (OMX_INDEXTYPE)OMX_IndexParamConsumerUsageBits)) {
         return false;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/MyHandler.h b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/MyHandler.h
index 42a1182..76e2e6e 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/MyHandler.h
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/MyHandler.h
@@ -1408,6 +1408,11 @@
         msg->post((mKeepAliveTimeoutUs * 9) / 10);
     }
 
+    void cancelAccessUnitTimeoutCheck() {
+        ALOGV("cancelAccessUnitTimeoutCheck");
+        ++mCheckGeneration;
+    }
+
     void postAccessUnitTimeoutCheck() {
         if (mCheckPending) {
             return;
@@ -1792,14 +1797,8 @@
 
             // Time is now established, lets start timestamping immediately
             for (size_t i = 0; i < mTracks.size(); ++i) {
-                TrackInfo *trackInfo = &mTracks.editItemAt(i);
-                while (!trackInfo->mPackets.empty()) {
-                    sp<ABuffer> accessUnit = *trackInfo->mPackets.begin();
-                    trackInfo->mPackets.erase(trackInfo->mPackets.begin());
-
-                    if (addMediaTimestamp(i, trackInfo, accessUnit)) {
-                        postQueueAccessUnit(i, accessUnit);
-                    }
+                if (OK != processAccessUnitQueue(i)) {
+                    return;
                 }
             }
             for (size_t i = 0; i < mTracks.size(); ++i) {
@@ -1812,26 +1811,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void onAccessUnitComplete(
-            int32_t trackIndex, const sp<ABuffer> &accessUnit) {
-        ALOGV("onAccessUnitComplete track %d", trackIndex);
-
+    status_t processAccessUnitQueue(int32_t trackIndex) {
         TrackInfo *track = &mTracks.editItemAt(trackIndex);
-        if(!mPlayResponseParsed){
-            uint32_t seqNum = (uint32_t)accessUnit->int32Data();
-            ALOGI("play response is not parsed, storing accessunit %u", seqNum);
-            track->mPackets.push_back(accessUnit);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        handleFirstAccessUnit();
-
-        if (!mAllTracksHaveTime) {
-            ALOGV("storing accessUnit, no time established yet");
-            track->mPackets.push_back(accessUnit);
-            return;
-        }
-
         while (!track->mPackets.empty()) {
             sp<ABuffer> accessUnit = *track->mPackets.begin();
             track->mPackets.erase(track->mPackets.begin());
@@ -1842,27 +1823,29 @@
                 // by ARTPSource. Only the low 16 bits of seq in RTP-Info of reply of
                 // RTSP "PLAY" command should be used to detect the first RTP packet
                 // after seeking.
-                if (track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits > 0) {
-                    uint32_t seqNum16 = seqNum & 0xffff;
-                    uint32_t firstSeqNumInSegment16 = track->mFirstSeqNumInSegment & 0xffff;
-                    if (seqNum16 > firstSeqNumInSegment16 + kMaxAllowedStaleAccessUnits
-                            || seqNum16 < firstSeqNumInSegment16) {
-                        // Not the first rtp packet of the stream after seeking, discarding.
-                        track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits--;
-                        ALOGV("discarding stale access unit (0x%x : 0x%x)",
-                             seqNum, track->mFirstSeqNumInSegment);
-                        continue;
+                if (mSeekable) {
+                    if (track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits > 0) {
+                        uint32_t seqNum16 = seqNum & 0xffff;
+                        uint32_t firstSeqNumInSegment16 = track->mFirstSeqNumInSegment & 0xffff;
+                        if (seqNum16 > firstSeqNumInSegment16 + kMaxAllowedStaleAccessUnits
+                                || seqNum16 < firstSeqNumInSegment16) {
+                            // Not the first rtp packet of the stream after seeking, discarding.
+                            track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits--;
+                            ALOGV("discarding stale access unit (0x%x : 0x%x)",
+                                 seqNum, track->mFirstSeqNumInSegment);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        ALOGW_IF(seqNum16 != firstSeqNumInSegment16,
+                                "Missing the first packet(%u), now take packet(%u) as first one",
+                                track->mFirstSeqNumInSegment, seqNum);
+                    } else { // track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits <= 0
+                        mNumAccessUnitsReceived = 0;
+                        ALOGW_IF(track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits == 0,
+                             "Still no first rtp packet after %d stale ones",
+                             kMaxAllowedStaleAccessUnits);
+                        track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits = -1;
+                        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
                     }
-                    ALOGW_IF(seqNum16 != firstSeqNumInSegment16,
-                            "Missing the first packet(%u), now take packet(%u) as first one",
-                            track->mFirstSeqNumInSegment, seqNum);
-                } else { // track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits <= 0
-                    mNumAccessUnitsReceived = 0;
-                    ALOGW_IF(track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits == 0,
-                         "Still no first rtp packet after %d stale ones",
-                         kMaxAllowedStaleAccessUnits);
-                    track->mAllowedStaleAccessUnits = -1;
-                    return;
                 }
 
                 // Now found the first rtp packet of the stream after seeking.
@@ -1876,14 +1859,35 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-
             if (addMediaTimestamp(trackIndex, track, accessUnit)) {
                 postQueueAccessUnit(trackIndex, accessUnit);
             }
         }
+        return OK;
+    }
 
-        if (addMediaTimestamp(trackIndex, track, accessUnit)) {
-            postQueueAccessUnit(trackIndex, accessUnit);
+    void onAccessUnitComplete(
+            int32_t trackIndex, const sp<ABuffer> &accessUnit) {
+        TrackInfo *track = &mTracks.editItemAt(trackIndex);
+        track->mPackets.push_back(accessUnit);
+
+        uint32_t seqNum = (uint32_t)accessUnit->int32Data();
+        ALOGV("onAccessUnitComplete track %d storing accessunit %u", trackIndex, seqNum);
+
+        if(!mPlayResponseParsed){
+            ALOGV("play response is not parsed");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        handleFirstAccessUnit();
+
+        if (!mAllTracksHaveTime) {
+            ALOGV("storing accessUnit, no time established yet");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (OK != processAccessUnitQueue(trackIndex)) {
+            return;
         }
 
         if (track->mEOSReceived) {
diff --git a/media/mtp/MtpServer.cpp b/media/mtp/MtpServer.cpp
index 90f1a77..e39dcdd 100644
--- a/media/mtp/MtpServer.cpp
+++ b/media/mtp/MtpServer.cpp
@@ -927,6 +927,10 @@
     if (!mData.getUInt32(temp32)) return MTP_RESPONSE_INVALID_PARAMETER;  // sequence number
     MtpStringBuffer name, created, modified;
     if (!mData.getString(name)) return MTP_RESPONSE_INVALID_PARAMETER;    // file name
+    if (name.getCharCount() == 0) {
+        ALOGE("empty name");
+        return MTP_RESPONSE_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
     if (!mData.getString(created)) return MTP_RESPONSE_INVALID_PARAMETER;      // date created
     if (!mData.getString(modified)) return MTP_RESPONSE_INVALID_PARAMETER;     // date modified
     // keywords follow
diff --git a/media/ndk/NdkMediaExtractor.cpp b/media/ndk/NdkMediaExtractor.cpp
index 1118959..89f2d9c 100644
--- a/media/ndk/NdkMediaExtractor.cpp
+++ b/media/ndk/NdkMediaExtractor.cpp
@@ -148,7 +148,14 @@
 EXPORT
 bool AMediaExtractor_advance(AMediaExtractor *mData) {
     //ALOGV("advance");
-    return mData->mImpl->advance();
+    status_t err = mData->mImpl->advance();
+    if (err == ERROR_END_OF_STREAM) {
+        return false;
+    } else if (err != OK) {
+        ALOGE("sf error code: %d", err);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
 }
 
 EXPORT
@@ -343,9 +350,9 @@
 
     const void *key;
     size_t keysize;
-    if (meta->findData(kKeyCryptoIV, &type, &key, &keysize)) {
+    if (meta->findData(kKeyCryptoKey, &type, &key, &keysize)) {
         if (keysize != 16) {
-            // IVs must be 16 bytes in length.
+            // Keys must be 16 bytes in length.
             return NULL;
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
index 79f4a66..fec3a57 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
@@ -1104,14 +1104,20 @@
     // AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE means the parameters are global to the audio hardware interface
     if (ioHandle == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-        status_t final_result = NO_ERROR;
+        // result will remain NO_INIT if no audio device is present
+        status_t final_result = NO_INIT;
         {
             AutoMutex lock(mHardwareLock);
             mHardwareStatus = AUDIO_HW_SET_PARAMETER;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < mAudioHwDevs.size(); i++) {
                 audio_hw_device_t *dev = mAudioHwDevs.valueAt(i)->hwDevice();
                 status_t result = dev->set_parameters(dev, keyValuePairs.string());
-                final_result = result ?: final_result;
+                // return success if at least one audio device accepts the parameters as not all
+                // HALs are requested to support all parameters. If no audio device supports the
+                // requested parameters, the last error is reported.
+                if (final_result != NO_ERROR) {
+                    final_result = result;
+                }
             }
             mHardwareStatus = AUDIO_HW_IDLE;
         }
@@ -1353,7 +1359,7 @@
     ALOGV("%d died, releasing its sessions", pid);
     size_t num = mAudioSessionRefs.size();
     bool removed = false;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i< num; ) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num; ) {
         AudioSessionRef *ref = mAudioSessionRefs.itemAt(i);
         ALOGV(" pid %d @ %zu", ref->mPid, i);
         if (ref->mPid == pid) {
@@ -2351,7 +2357,7 @@
     }
 
     size_t num = mAudioSessionRefs.size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i< num; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
         AudioSessionRef *ref = mAudioSessionRefs.editItemAt(i);
         if (ref->mSessionid == audioSession && ref->mPid == caller) {
             ref->mCnt++;
@@ -2372,7 +2378,7 @@
         caller = pid;
     }
     size_t num = mAudioSessionRefs.size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i< num; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
         AudioSessionRef *ref = mAudioSessionRefs.itemAt(i);
         if (ref->mSessionid == audioSession && ref->mPid == caller) {
             ref->mCnt--;
@@ -2390,6 +2396,18 @@
     ALOGW_IF(caller != getpid_cached, "session id %d not found for pid %d", audioSession, caller);
 }
 
+bool AudioFlinger::isSessionAcquired_l(audio_session_t audioSession)
+{
+    size_t num = mAudioSessionRefs.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+        AudioSessionRef *ref = mAudioSessionRefs.itemAt(i);
+        if (ref->mSessionid == audioSession) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 void AudioFlinger::purgeStaleEffects_l() {
 
     ALOGV("purging stale effects");
@@ -2783,8 +2801,9 @@
         sp<Client> client = registerPid(pid);
 
         // create effect on selected output thread
+        bool pinned = (sessionId > AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX) && isSessionAcquired_l(sessionId);
         handle = thread->createEffect_l(client, effectClient, priority, sessionId,
-                &desc, enabled, &lStatus);
+                &desc, enabled, &lStatus, pinned);
         if (handle != 0 && id != NULL) {
             *id = handle->id();
         }
@@ -2981,7 +3000,7 @@
     ALOGV("updateOrphanEffectChains session %d index %zd", session, index);
     if (index >= 0) {
         sp<EffectChain> chain = mOrphanEffectChains.valueAt(index);
-        if (chain->removeEffect_l(effect) == 0) {
+        if (chain->removeEffect_l(effect, true) == 0) {
             ALOGV("updateOrphanEffectChains removing effect chain at index %zd", index);
             mOrphanEffectChains.removeItemsAt(index);
         }
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
index c56dcc1..40c8a72 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
@@ -585,6 +585,7 @@
                 void        removeNotificationClient(pid_t pid);
                 bool isNonOffloadableGlobalEffectEnabled_l();
                 void onNonOffloadableGlobalEffectEnable();
+                bool isSessionAcquired_l(audio_session_t audioSession);
 
                 // Store an effect chain to mOrphanEffectChains keyed vector.
                 // Called when a thread exits and effects are still attached to it.
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/BufferProviders.cpp b/services/audioflinger/BufferProviders.cpp
index 2ca2cac..7b6dfcb 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/BufferProviders.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/BufferProviders.cpp
@@ -474,18 +474,18 @@
     ALOGV("processFrames(%zu %zu)  remaining(%zu)", *dstFrames, *srcFrames, mRemaining);
     // Note dstFrames is the required number of frames.
 
-    // Ensure consumption from src is as expected.
-    //TODO: add logic to track "very accurate" consumption related to speed, original sampling
-    //rate, actual frames processed.
-    const size_t targetSrc = *dstFrames * mPlaybackRate.mSpeed;
-    if (*srcFrames < targetSrc) { // limit dst frames to that possible
-        *dstFrames = *srcFrames / mPlaybackRate.mSpeed;
-    } else if (*srcFrames > targetSrc + 1) {
-        *srcFrames = targetSrc + 1;
-    }
-
     if (!mAudioPlaybackRateValid) {
         //fallback mode
+        // Ensure consumption from src is as expected.
+        // TODO: add logic to track "very accurate" consumption related to speed, original sampling
+        // rate, actual frames processed.
+
+        const size_t targetSrc = *dstFrames * mPlaybackRate.mSpeed;
+        if (*srcFrames < targetSrc) { // limit dst frames to that possible
+            *dstFrames = *srcFrames / mPlaybackRate.mSpeed;
+        } else if (*srcFrames > targetSrc + 1) {
+            *srcFrames = targetSrc + 1;
+        }
         if (*dstFrames > 0) {
             switch(mPlaybackRate.mFallbackMode) {
             case AUDIO_TIMESTRETCH_FALLBACK_CUT_REPEAT:
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
index a6bc286..b588685 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
@@ -59,8 +59,9 @@
                                         const wp<AudioFlinger::EffectChain>& chain,
                                         effect_descriptor_t *desc,
                                         int id,
-                                        audio_session_t sessionId)
-    : mPinned(sessionId > AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX),
+                                        audio_session_t sessionId,
+                                        bool pinned)
+    : mPinned(pinned),
       mThread(thread), mChain(chain), mId(id), mSessionId(sessionId),
       mDescriptor(*desc),
       // mConfig is set by configure() and not used before then
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@
       mSuspended(false),
       mAudioFlinger(thread->mAudioFlinger)
 {
-    ALOGV("Constructor %p", this);
+    ALOGV("Constructor %p pinned %d", this, pinned);
     int lStatus;
 
     // create effect engine from effect factory
@@ -86,6 +87,8 @@
         goto Error;
     }
 
+    setOffloaded(thread->type() == ThreadBase::OFFLOAD, thread->id());
+
     ALOGV("Constructor success name %s, Interface %p", mDescriptor.name, mEffectInterface);
     return;
 Error:
@@ -98,9 +101,8 @@
 {
     ALOGV("Destructor %p", this);
     if (mEffectInterface != NULL) {
-        remove_effect_from_hal_l();
-        // release effect engine
-        EffectRelease(mEffectInterface);
+        ALOGW("EffectModule %p destructor called with unreleased interface", this);
+        release_l();
     }
 }
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@
     size_t i;
     for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         EffectHandle *h = mHandles[i];
-        if (h == NULL || h->destroyed_l()) {
+        if (h == NULL || h->disconnected()) {
             continue;
         }
         // first non destroyed handle is considered in control
@@ -143,9 +145,14 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-size_t AudioFlinger::EffectModule::removeHandle(EffectHandle *handle)
+ssize_t AudioFlinger::EffectModule::removeHandle(EffectHandle *handle)
 {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    return removeHandle_l(handle);
+}
+
+ssize_t AudioFlinger::EffectModule::removeHandle_l(EffectHandle *handle)
+{
     size_t size = mHandles.size();
     size_t i;
     for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
@@ -154,9 +161,10 @@
         }
     }
     if (i == size) {
-        return size;
+        ALOGW("%s %p handle not found %p", __FUNCTION__, this, handle);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    ALOGV("removeHandle() %p removed handle %p in position %zu", this, handle, i);
+    ALOGV("removeHandle_l() %p removed handle %p in position %zu", this, handle, i);
 
     mHandles.removeAt(i);
     // if removed from first place, move effect control from this handle to next in line
@@ -183,7 +191,7 @@
     // the first valid handle in the list has control over the module
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mHandles.size(); i++) {
         EffectHandle *h = mHandles[i];
-        if (h != NULL && !h->destroyed_l()) {
+        if (h != NULL && !h->disconnected()) {
             return h;
         }
     }
@@ -191,29 +199,22 @@
     return NULL;
 }
 
-size_t AudioFlinger::EffectModule::disconnect(EffectHandle *handle, bool unpinIfLast)
+// unsafe method called when the effect parent thread has been destroyed
+ssize_t AudioFlinger::EffectModule::disconnectHandle(EffectHandle *handle, bool unpinIfLast)
 {
     ALOGV("disconnect() %p handle %p", this, handle);
-    // keep a strong reference on this EffectModule to avoid calling the
-    // destructor before we exit
-    sp<EffectModule> keep(this);
-    {
-        if (removeHandle(handle) == 0) {
-            if (!isPinned() || unpinIfLast) {
-                sp<ThreadBase> thread = mThread.promote();
-                if (thread != 0) {
-                    Mutex::Autolock _l(thread->mLock);
-                    thread->removeEffect_l(this);
-                }
-                sp<AudioFlinger> af = mAudioFlinger.promote();
-                if (af != 0) {
-                    af->updateOrphanEffectChains(this);
-                }
-                AudioSystem::unregisterEffect(mId);
-            }
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    ssize_t numHandles = removeHandle_l(handle);
+    if ((numHandles == 0) && (!mPinned || unpinIfLast)) {
+        AudioSystem::unregisterEffect(mId);
+        sp<AudioFlinger> af = mAudioFlinger.promote();
+        if (af != 0) {
+            mLock.unlock();
+            af->updateOrphanEffectChains(this);
+            mLock.lock();
         }
     }
-    return mHandles.size();
+    return numHandles;
 }
 
 bool AudioFlinger::EffectModule::updateState() {
@@ -279,12 +280,29 @@
                                         mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.s32,
                                         mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount/2);
         }
+        int ret;
+        if (isProcessImplemented()) {
+            // do the actual processing in the effect engine
+            ret = (*mEffectInterface)->process(mEffectInterface,
+                                                   &mConfig.inputCfg.buffer,
+                                                   &mConfig.outputCfg.buffer);
+        } else {
+            if (mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.raw != mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.raw) {
+                size_t frameCnt = mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount * FCC_2;  //always stereo here
+                int16_t *in = mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.s16;
+                int16_t *out = mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.s16;
 
-        // do the actual processing in the effect engine
-        int ret = (*mEffectInterface)->process(mEffectInterface,
-                                               &mConfig.inputCfg.buffer,
-                                               &mConfig.outputCfg.buffer);
-
+                if (mConfig.outputCfg.accessMode == EFFECT_BUFFER_ACCESS_ACCUMULATE) {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < frameCnt; i++) {
+                        out[i] = clamp16((int32_t)out[i] + (int32_t)in[i]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    memcpy(mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.raw, mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.raw,
+                           frameCnt * sizeof(int16_t));
+                }
+            }
+            ret = -ENODATA;
+        }
         // force transition to IDLE state when engine is ready
         if (mState == STOPPED && ret == -ENODATA) {
             mDisableWaitCnt = 1;
@@ -301,7 +319,7 @@
         // accumulate input onto output
         sp<EffectChain> chain = mChain.promote();
         if (chain != 0 && chain->activeTrackCnt() != 0) {
-            size_t frameCnt = mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount * 2;  //always stereo here
+            size_t frameCnt = mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount * FCC_2;  //always stereo here
             int16_t *in = mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.s16;
             int16_t *out = mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.s16;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < frameCnt; i++) {
@@ -540,6 +558,17 @@
     return status;
 }
 
+// must be called with EffectChain::mLock held
+void AudioFlinger::EffectModule::release_l()
+{
+    if (mEffectInterface != NULL) {
+        remove_effect_from_hal_l();
+        // release effect engine
+        EffectRelease(mEffectInterface);
+        mEffectInterface = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
 status_t AudioFlinger::EffectModule::remove_effect_from_hal_l()
 {
     if ((mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_PRE_PROC ||
@@ -632,7 +661,7 @@
         uint32_t size = (replySize == NULL) ? 0 : *replySize;
         for (size_t i = 1; i < mHandles.size(); i++) {
             EffectHandle *h = mHandles[i];
-            if (h != NULL && !h->destroyed_l()) {
+            if (h != NULL && !h->disconnected()) {
                 h->commandExecuted(cmdCode, cmdSize, pCmdData, size, pReplyData);
             }
         }
@@ -685,7 +714,7 @@
         }
         for (size_t i = 1; i < mHandles.size(); i++) {
             EffectHandle *h = mHandles[i];
-            if (h != NULL && !h->destroyed_l()) {
+            if (h != NULL && !h->disconnected()) {
                 h->setEnabled(enabled);
             }
         }
@@ -849,8 +878,7 @@
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mHandles.size(); i++) {
         EffectHandle *handle = mHandles[i];
-        if (handle != NULL && !handle->destroyed_l()) {
-            handle->effect().clear();
+        if (handle != NULL && !handle->disconnected()) {
             if (handle->hasControl()) {
                 enabled = handle->enabled();
             }
@@ -1077,7 +1105,7 @@
     result.append("\t\t\t  Pid Priority Ctrl Locked client server\n");
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mHandles.size(); ++i) {
         EffectHandle *handle = mHandles[i];
-        if (handle != NULL && !handle->destroyed_l()) {
+        if (handle != NULL && !handle->disconnected()) {
             handle->dumpToBuffer(buffer, SIZE);
             result.append(buffer);
         }
@@ -1103,7 +1131,7 @@
                                         int32_t priority)
     : BnEffect(),
     mEffect(effect), mEffectClient(effectClient), mClient(client), mCblk(NULL),
-    mPriority(priority), mHasControl(false), mEnabled(false), mDestroyed(false)
+    mPriority(priority), mHasControl(false), mEnabled(false), mDisconnected(false)
 {
     ALOGV("constructor %p", this);
 
@@ -1126,14 +1154,6 @@
 AudioFlinger::EffectHandle::~EffectHandle()
 {
     ALOGV("Destructor %p", this);
-
-    if (mEffect == 0) {
-        mDestroyed = true;
-        return;
-    }
-    mEffect->lock();
-    mDestroyed = true;
-    mEffect->unlock();
     disconnect(false);
 }
 
@@ -1144,13 +1164,15 @@
 
 status_t AudioFlinger::EffectHandle::enable()
 {
+    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
     ALOGV("enable %p", this);
+    sp<EffectModule> effect = mEffect.promote();
+    if (effect == 0 || mDisconnected) {
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
     if (!mHasControl) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if (mEffect == 0) {
-        return DEAD_OBJECT;
-    }
 
     if (mEnabled) {
         return NO_ERROR;
@@ -1158,20 +1180,20 @@
 
     mEnabled = true;
 
-    sp<ThreadBase> thread = mEffect->thread().promote();
+    sp<ThreadBase> thread = effect->thread().promote();
     if (thread != 0) {
-        thread->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(mEffect, true, mEffect->sessionId());
+        thread->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(effect, true, effect->sessionId());
     }
 
     // checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled() can suspend this same effect when enabled
-    if (mEffect->suspended()) {
+    if (effect->suspended()) {
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    status_t status = mEffect->setEnabled(true);
+    status_t status = effect->setEnabled(true);
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
         if (thread != 0) {
-            thread->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(mEffect, false, mEffect->sessionId());
+            thread->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(effect, false, effect->sessionId());
         }
         mEnabled = false;
     } else {
@@ -1181,12 +1203,12 @@
                 Mutex::Autolock _l(t->mLock);
                 t->broadcast_l();
             }
-            if (!mEffect->isOffloadable()) {
+            if (!effect->isOffloadable()) {
                 if (thread->type() == ThreadBase::OFFLOAD) {
                     PlaybackThread *t = (PlaybackThread *)thread.get();
                     t->invalidateTracks(AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC);
                 }
-                if (mEffect->sessionId() == AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX) {
+                if (effect->sessionId() == AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX) {
                     thread->mAudioFlinger->onNonOffloadableGlobalEffectEnable();
                 }
             }
@@ -1198,27 +1220,29 @@
 status_t AudioFlinger::EffectHandle::disable()
 {
     ALOGV("disable %p", this);
+    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
+    sp<EffectModule> effect = mEffect.promote();
+    if (effect == 0 || mDisconnected) {
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
     if (!mHasControl) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if (mEffect == 0) {
-        return DEAD_OBJECT;
-    }
 
     if (!mEnabled) {
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
     mEnabled = false;
 
-    if (mEffect->suspended()) {
+    if (effect->suspended()) {
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    status_t status = mEffect->setEnabled(false);
+    status_t status = effect->setEnabled(false);
 
-    sp<ThreadBase> thread = mEffect->thread().promote();
+    sp<ThreadBase> thread = effect->thread().promote();
     if (thread != 0) {
-        thread->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(mEffect, false, mEffect->sessionId());
+        thread->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(effect, false, effect->sessionId());
         if (thread->type() == ThreadBase::OFFLOAD) {
             PlaybackThread *t = (PlaybackThread *)thread.get();
             Mutex::Autolock _l(t->mLock);
@@ -1231,25 +1255,39 @@
 
 void AudioFlinger::EffectHandle::disconnect()
 {
+    ALOGV("%s %p", __FUNCTION__, this);
     disconnect(true);
 }
 
 void AudioFlinger::EffectHandle::disconnect(bool unpinIfLast)
 {
-    ALOGV("disconnect(%s)", unpinIfLast ? "true" : "false");
-    if (mEffect == 0) {
+    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
+    ALOGV("disconnect(%s) %p", unpinIfLast ? "true" : "false", this);
+    if (mDisconnected) {
+        if (unpinIfLast) {
+            android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "32707507");
+        }
         return;
     }
-    // restore suspended effects if the disconnected handle was enabled and the last one.
-    if ((mEffect->disconnect(this, unpinIfLast) == 0) && mEnabled) {
-        sp<ThreadBase> thread = mEffect->thread().promote();
-        if (thread != 0) {
-            thread->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(mEffect, false, mEffect->sessionId());
+    mDisconnected = true;
+    sp<ThreadBase> thread;
+    {
+        sp<EffectModule> effect = mEffect.promote();
+        if (effect != 0) {
+            thread = effect->thread().promote();
+        }
+    }
+    if (thread != 0) {
+        thread->disconnectEffectHandle(this, unpinIfLast);
+    } else {
+        ALOGW("%s Effect handle %p disconnected after thread destruction", __FUNCTION__, this);
+        // try to cleanup as much as we can
+        sp<EffectModule> effect = mEffect.promote();
+        if (effect != 0) {
+            effect->disconnectHandle(this, unpinIfLast);
         }
     }
 
-    // release sp on module => module destructor can be called now
-    mEffect.clear();
     if (mClient != 0) {
         if (mCblk != NULL) {
             // unlike ~TrackBase(), mCblk is never a local new, so don't delete
@@ -1269,26 +1307,70 @@
                                              void *pReplyData)
 {
     ALOGVV("command(), cmdCode: %d, mHasControl: %d, mEffect: %p",
-            cmdCode, mHasControl, (mEffect == 0) ? 0 : mEffect.get());
+            cmdCode, mHasControl, mEffect.unsafe_get());
 
+    // reject commands reserved for internal use by audio framework if coming from outside
+    // of audioserver
+    switch(cmdCode) {
+        case EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE:
+        case EFFECT_CMD_DISABLE:
+        case EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM:
+        case EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM_DEFERRED:
+        case EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM_COMMIT:
+        case EFFECT_CMD_GET_PARAM:
+            break;
+        default:
+            if (cmdCode >= EFFECT_CMD_FIRST_PROPRIETARY) {
+                break;
+            }
+            android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "62019992");
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    if (cmdCode == EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE) {
+        if (*replySize < sizeof(int)) {
+            android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "32095713");
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+        *(int *)pReplyData = NO_ERROR;
+        *replySize = sizeof(int);
+        return enable();
+    } else if (cmdCode == EFFECT_CMD_DISABLE) {
+        if (*replySize < sizeof(int)) {
+            android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "32095713");
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+        *(int *)pReplyData = NO_ERROR;
+        *replySize = sizeof(int);
+        return disable();
+    }
+
+    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
+    sp<EffectModule> effect = mEffect.promote();
+    if (effect == 0 || mDisconnected) {
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
     // only get parameter command is permitted for applications not controlling the effect
     if (!mHasControl && cmdCode != EFFECT_CMD_GET_PARAM) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if (mEffect == 0) {
-        return DEAD_OBJECT;
-    }
     if (mClient == 0) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
 
     // handle commands that are not forwarded transparently to effect engine
     if (cmdCode == EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM_COMMIT) {
+        if (*replySize < sizeof(int)) {
+            android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "32095713");
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+        *(int *)pReplyData = NO_ERROR;
+        *replySize = sizeof(int);
+
         // No need to trylock() here as this function is executed in the binder thread serving a
         // particular client process:  no risk to block the whole media server process or mixer
         // threads if we are stuck here
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mCblk->lock);
-
         // keep local copy of index in case of client corruption b/32220769
         const uint32_t clientIndex = mCblk->clientIndex;
         const uint32_t serverIndex = mCblk->serverIndex;
@@ -1322,7 +1404,7 @@
 
             int reply = 0;
             uint32_t rsize = sizeof(reply);
-            status_t ret = mEffect->command(EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM,
+            status_t ret = effect->command(EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM,
                                             size,
                                             param,
                                             &rsize,
@@ -1351,15 +1433,9 @@
         mCblk->serverIndex = 0;
         mCblk->clientIndex = 0;
         return status;
-    } else if (cmdCode == EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE) {
-        *(int *)pReplyData = NO_ERROR;
-        return enable();
-    } else if (cmdCode == EFFECT_CMD_DISABLE) {
-        *(int *)pReplyData = NO_ERROR;
-        return disable();
     }
 
-    return mEffect->command(cmdCode, cmdSize, pCmdData, replySize, pReplyData);
+    return effect->command(cmdCode, cmdSize, pCmdData, replySize, pReplyData);
 }
 
 void AudioFlinger::EffectHandle::setControl(bool hasControl, bool signal, bool enabled)
@@ -1441,7 +1517,6 @@
     if (mOwnInBuffer) {
         delete mInBuffer;
     }
-
 }
 
 // getEffectFromDesc_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
@@ -1557,13 +1632,38 @@
     }
 }
 
-// addEffect_l() must be called with PlaybackThread::mLock held
+// createEffect_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
+status_t AudioFlinger::EffectChain::createEffect_l(sp<EffectModule>& effect,
+                                                   ThreadBase *thread,
+                                                   effect_descriptor_t *desc,
+                                                   int id,
+                                                   audio_session_t sessionId,
+                                                   bool pinned)
+{
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    effect = new EffectModule(thread, this, desc, id, sessionId, pinned);
+    status_t lStatus = effect->status();
+    if (lStatus == NO_ERROR) {
+        lStatus = addEffect_ll(effect);
+    }
+    if (lStatus != NO_ERROR) {
+        effect.clear();
+    }
+    return lStatus;
+}
+
+// addEffect_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
 status_t AudioFlinger::EffectChain::addEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& effect)
 {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    return addEffect_ll(effect);
+}
+// addEffect_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock and EffectChain::mLock held
+status_t AudioFlinger::EffectChain::addEffect_ll(const sp<EffectModule>& effect)
+{
     effect_descriptor_t desc = effect->desc();
     uint32_t insertPref = desc.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_INSERT_MASK;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
     effect->setChain(this);
     sp<ThreadBase> thread = mThread.promote();
     if (thread == 0) {
@@ -1673,8 +1773,9 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-// removeEffect_l() must be called with PlaybackThread::mLock held
-size_t AudioFlinger::EffectChain::removeEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& effect)
+// removeEffect_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
+size_t AudioFlinger::EffectChain::removeEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& effect,
+                                                 bool release)
 {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
     size_t size = mEffects.size();
@@ -1689,6 +1790,10 @@
                     mEffects[i]->state() == EffectModule::STOPPING) {
                 mEffects[i]->stop();
             }
+            if (release) {
+                mEffects[i]->release_l();
+            }
+
             if (type == EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_AUXILIARY) {
                 delete[] effect->inBuffer();
             } else {
@@ -1700,6 +1805,7 @@
             mEffects.removeAt(i);
             ALOGV("removeEffect_l() effect %p, removed from chain %p at rank %zu", effect.get(),
                     this, i);
+
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -1707,7 +1813,7 @@
     return mEffects.size();
 }
 
-// setDevice_l() must be called with PlaybackThread::mLock held
+// setDevice_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
 void AudioFlinger::EffectChain::setDevice_l(audio_devices_t device)
 {
     size_t size = mEffects.size();
@@ -1716,7 +1822,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-// setMode_l() must be called with PlaybackThread::mLock held
+// setMode_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
 void AudioFlinger::EffectChain::setMode_l(audio_mode_t mode)
 {
     size_t size = mEffects.size();
@@ -1725,7 +1831,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-// setAudioSource_l() must be called with PlaybackThread::mLock held
+// setAudioSource_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
 void AudioFlinger::EffectChain::setAudioSource_l(audio_source_t source)
 {
     size_t size = mEffects.size();
@@ -1734,7 +1840,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-// setVolume_l() must be called with PlaybackThread::mLock or EffectChain::mLock held
+// setVolume_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock or EffectChain::mLock held
 bool AudioFlinger::EffectChain::setVolume_l(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool force)
 {
     uint32_t newLeft = *left;
@@ -1795,7 +1901,7 @@
     return hasControl;
 }
 
-// resetVolume_l() must be called with PlaybackThread::mLock or EffectChain::mLock held
+// resetVolume_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock or EffectChain::mLock held
 void AudioFlinger::EffectChain::resetVolume_l()
 {
     if ((mLeftVolume != UINT_MAX) && (mRightVolume != UINT_MAX)) {
@@ -1896,7 +2002,7 @@
                     effect->setSuspended(false);
                     effect->lock();
                     EffectHandle *handle = effect->controlHandle_l();
-                    if (handle != NULL && !handle->destroyed_l()) {
+                    if (handle != NULL && !handle->disconnected()) {
                         effect->setEnabled_l(handle->enabled());
                     }
                     effect->unlock();
@@ -2057,15 +2163,49 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool AudioFlinger::EffectChain::hasSoftwareEffect() const
+void AudioFlinger::EffectChain::checkOutputFlagCompatibility(audio_output_flags_t *flags) const
+{
+    if ((*flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW) != 0 && !isRawCompatible()) {
+        *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW);
+    }
+    if ((*flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST) != 0 && !isFastCompatible()) {
+        *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST);
+    }
+}
+
+void AudioFlinger::EffectChain::checkInputFlagCompatibility(audio_input_flags_t *flags) const
+{
+    if ((*flags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW) != 0 && !isRawCompatible()) {
+        *flags = (audio_input_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW);
+    }
+    if ((*flags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_FAST) != 0 && !isFastCompatible()) {
+        *flags = (audio_input_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_FAST);
+    }
+}
+
+bool AudioFlinger::EffectChain::isRawCompatible() const
 {
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mEffects.size(); i++) {
-        if (mEffects[i]->isImplementationSoftware()) {
-            return true;
+    for (const auto &effect : mEffects) {
+        if (effect->isProcessImplemented()) {
+            return false;
         }
     }
-    return false;
+    // Allow effects without processing.
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool AudioFlinger::EffectChain::isFastCompatible() const
+{
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    for (const auto &effect : mEffects) {
+        if (effect->isProcessImplemented()
+                && effect->isImplementationSoftware()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    // Allow effects without processing or hw accelerated effects.
+    return true;
 }
 
 // isCompatibleWithThread_l() must be called with thread->mLock held
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Effects.h b/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
index 322c06a..864d508 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@
                     const wp<AudioFlinger::EffectChain>& chain,
                     effect_descriptor_t *desc,
                     int id,
-                    audio_session_t sessionId);
+                    audio_session_t sessionId,
+                    bool pinned);
     virtual ~EffectModule();
 
     enum effect_state {
@@ -93,8 +94,9 @@
     const wp<ThreadBase>& thread() { return mThread; }
 
     status_t addHandle(EffectHandle *handle);
-    size_t disconnect(EffectHandle *handle, bool unpinIfLast);
-    size_t removeHandle(EffectHandle *handle);
+    ssize_t  disconnectHandle(EffectHandle *handle, bool unpinIfLast);
+    ssize_t removeHandle(EffectHandle *handle);
+    ssize_t removeHandle_l(EffectHandle *handle);
 
     const effect_descriptor_t& desc() const { return mDescriptor; }
     wp<EffectChain>&     chain() { return mChain; }
@@ -119,9 +121,12 @@
                         { return (mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_OFFLOAD_SUPPORTED) != 0; }
     bool             isImplementationSoftware() const
                         { return (mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_HW_ACC_MASK) == 0; }
+    bool             isProcessImplemented() const
+                        { return (mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_NO_PROCESS) == 0; }
     status_t         setOffloaded(bool offloaded, audio_io_handle_t io);
     bool             isOffloaded() const;
     void             addEffectToHal_l();
+    void             release_l();
 
     void             dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args);
 
@@ -206,12 +211,17 @@
     bool enabled() const { return mEnabled; }
 
     // Getters
-    int id() const { return mEffect->id(); }
+    wp<EffectModule> effect() const { return mEffect; }
+    int id() const {
+        sp<EffectModule> effect = mEffect.promote();
+        if (effect == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return effect->id();
+    }
     int priority() const { return mPriority; }
     bool hasControl() const { return mHasControl; }
-    sp<EffectModule> effect() const { return mEffect; }
-    // destroyed_l() must be called with the associated EffectModule mLock held
-    bool destroyed_l() const { return mDestroyed; }
+    bool disconnected() const { return mDisconnected; }
 
     void dumpToBuffer(char* buffer, size_t size);
 
@@ -220,7 +230,8 @@
     EffectHandle(const EffectHandle&);
     EffectHandle& operator =(const EffectHandle&);
 
-    sp<EffectModule> mEffect;           // pointer to controlled EffectModule
+    Mutex mLock;                        // protects IEffect method calls
+    wp<EffectModule> mEffect;           // pointer to controlled EffectModule
     sp<IEffectClient> mEffectClient;    // callback interface for client notifications
     /*const*/ sp<Client> mClient;       // client for shared memory allocation, see disconnect()
     sp<IMemory>         mCblkMemory;    // shared memory for control block
@@ -231,8 +242,7 @@
     bool mHasControl;                   // true if this handle is controlling the effect
     bool mEnabled;                      // cached enable state: needed when the effect is
                                         // restored after being suspended
-    bool mDestroyed;                    // Set to true by destructor. Access with EffectModule
-                                        // mLock held
+    bool mDisconnected;                 // Set to true by disconnect()
 };
 
 // the EffectChain class represents a group of effects associated to one audio session.
@@ -267,8 +277,15 @@
         mLock.unlock();
     }
 
+    status_t createEffect_l(sp<EffectModule>& effect,
+                            ThreadBase *thread,
+                            effect_descriptor_t *desc,
+                            int id,
+                            audio_session_t sessionId,
+                            bool pinned);
     status_t addEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& handle);
-    size_t removeEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& handle);
+    status_t addEffect_ll(const sp<EffectModule>& handle);
+    size_t removeEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& handle, bool release = false);
 
     audio_session_t sessionId() const { return mSessionId; }
     void setSessionId(audio_session_t sessionId) { mSessionId = sessionId; }
@@ -326,7 +343,17 @@
 
     void syncHalEffectsState();
 
-    bool hasSoftwareEffect() const;
+    // flags is an ORed set of audio_output_flags_t which is updated on return.
+    void checkOutputFlagCompatibility(audio_output_flags_t *flags) const;
+
+    // flags is an ORed set of audio_input_flags_t which is updated on return.
+    void checkInputFlagCompatibility(audio_input_flags_t *flags) const;
+
+    // Is this EffectChain compatible with the RAW audio flag.
+    bool isRawCompatible() const;
+
+    // Is this EffectChain compatible with the FAST audio flag.
+    bool isFastCompatible() const;
 
     // isCompatibleWithThread_l() must be called with thread->mLock held
     bool isCompatibleWithThread_l(const sp<ThreadBase>& thread) const;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/FastMixer.cpp b/services/audioflinger/FastMixer.cpp
index b0780a4..93f7ce5 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/FastMixer.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/FastMixer.cpp
@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@
             }
             ftDump->mUnderruns = underruns;
             ftDump->mFramesReady = framesReady;
+            ftDump->mFramesWritten = trackFramesWritten;
         }
 
         if (anyEnabledTracks) {
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.cpp b/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.cpp
index 2326e2a..6475f22 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.cpp
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
     uint32_t trackMask = mTrackMask;
     dprintf(fd, "  Fast tracks: sMaxFastTracks=%u activeMask=%#x\n",
             FastMixerState::sMaxFastTracks, trackMask);
-    dprintf(fd, "  Index Active Full Partial Empty  Recent Ready\n");
+    dprintf(fd, "  Index Active Full Partial Empty  Recent Ready    Written\n");
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < FastMixerState::sMaxFastTracks; ++i, trackMask >>= 1) {
         bool isActive = trackMask & 1;
         const FastTrackDump *ftDump = &mTracks[i];
@@ -188,11 +188,13 @@
             mostRecent = "?";
             break;
         }
-        dprintf(fd, "  %5u %6s %4u %7u %5u %7s %5zu\n", i, isActive ? "yes" : "no",
+        dprintf(fd, "  %5u %6s %4u %7u %5u %7s %5zu %10lld\n",
+                i, isActive ? "yes" : "no",
                 (underruns.mBitFields.mFull) & UNDERRUN_MASK,
                 (underruns.mBitFields.mPartial) & UNDERRUN_MASK,
                 (underruns.mBitFields.mEmpty) & UNDERRUN_MASK,
-                mostRecent, ftDump->mFramesReady);
+                mostRecent, ftDump->mFramesReady,
+                (long long)ftDump->mFramesWritten);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.h b/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.h
index ac15e7c..301c5b1 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/FastMixerDumpState.h
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
     /*virtual*/ ~FastTrackDump() { }
     FastTrackUnderruns  mUnderruns;
     size_t              mFramesReady;        // most recent value only; no long-term statistics kept
+    int64_t             mFramesWritten;      // last value from track
 };
 
 struct FastMixerDumpState : FastThreadDumpState {
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
index a671128..7423ea9 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
@@ -1272,6 +1272,12 @@
                 desc->name, mThreadName);
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
+
+    // always allow effects without processing load or latency
+    if ((desc->flags & EFFECT_FLAG_NO_PROCESS_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_NO_PROCESS) {
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
     audio_input_flags_t flags = mInput->flags;
     if (hasFastCapture() || (flags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_FAST)) {
         if (flags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW) {
@@ -1328,6 +1334,11 @@
                     break;
                 }
             }
+
+            // always allow effects without processing load or latency
+            if ((desc->flags & EFFECT_FLAG_NO_PROCESS_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_NO_PROCESS) {
+                break;
+            }
             if (flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW) {
                 ALOGW("checkEffectCompatibility_l(): effect %s on playback thread in raw mode",
                       desc->name);
@@ -1391,7 +1402,8 @@
         audio_session_t sessionId,
         effect_descriptor_t *desc,
         int *enabled,
-        status_t *status)
+        status_t *status,
+        bool pinned)
 {
     sp<EffectModule> effect;
     sp<EffectHandle> handle;
@@ -1441,14 +1453,7 @@
             }
             effectRegistered = true;
             // create a new effect module if none present in the chain
-            effect = new EffectModule(this, chain, desc, id, sessionId);
-            lStatus = effect->status();
-            if (lStatus != NO_ERROR) {
-                goto Exit;
-            }
-            effect->setOffloaded(mType == OFFLOAD, mId);
-
-            lStatus = chain->addEffect_l(effect);
+            lStatus = chain->createEffect_l(effect, this, desc, id, sessionId, pinned);
             if (lStatus != NO_ERROR) {
                 goto Exit;
             }
@@ -1489,6 +1494,33 @@
     return handle;
 }
 
+void AudioFlinger::ThreadBase::disconnectEffectHandle(EffectHandle *handle,
+                                                      bool unpinIfLast)
+{
+    bool remove = false;
+    sp<EffectModule> effect;
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+
+        effect = handle->effect().promote();
+        if (effect == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // restore suspended effects if the disconnected handle was enabled and the last one.
+        remove = (effect->removeHandle(handle) == 0) && (!effect->isPinned() || unpinIfLast);
+        if (remove) {
+            removeEffect_l(effect, true);
+        }
+    }
+    if (remove) {
+        mAudioFlinger->updateOrphanEffectChains(effect);
+        AudioSystem::unregisterEffect(effect->id());
+        if (handle->enabled()) {
+            checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(effect, false, effect->sessionId());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 sp<AudioFlinger::EffectModule> AudioFlinger::ThreadBase::getEffect(audio_session_t sessionId,
         int effectId)
 {
@@ -1549,9 +1581,9 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-void AudioFlinger::ThreadBase::removeEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& effect) {
+void AudioFlinger::ThreadBase::removeEffect_l(const sp<EffectModule>& effect, bool release) {
 
-    ALOGV("removeEffect_l() %p effect %p", this, effect.get());
+    ALOGV("%s %p effect %p", __FUNCTION__, this, effect.get());
     effect_descriptor_t desc = effect->desc();
     if ((desc.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_AUXILIARY) {
         detachAuxEffect_l(effect->id());
@@ -1560,7 +1592,7 @@
     sp<EffectChain> chain = effect->chain().promote();
     if (chain != 0) {
         // remove effect chain if removing last effect
-        if (chain->removeEffect_l(effect) == 0) {
+        if (chain->removeEffect_l(effect, release) == 0) {
             removeEffectChain_l(chain);
         }
     } else {
@@ -1815,6 +1847,15 @@
     audio_output_flags_t flags = output != NULL ? output->flags : AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE;
     String8 flagsAsString = outputFlagsToString(flags);
     dprintf(fd, "  AudioStreamOut: %p flags %#x (%s)\n", output, flags, flagsAsString.string());
+    dprintf(fd, "  Frames written: %lld\n", (long long)mFramesWritten);
+    dprintf(fd, "  Suspended frames: %lld\n", (long long)mSuspendedFrames);
+    if (mPipeSink.get() != nullptr) {
+        dprintf(fd, "  PipeSink frames written: %lld\n", (long long)mPipeSink->framesWritten());
+    }
+    if (output != nullptr) {
+        dprintf(fd, "  Hal stream dump:\n");
+        (void)output->stream->common.dump(&output->stream->common, fd);
+    }
 }
 
 // Thread virtuals
@@ -1898,34 +1939,19 @@
         // check compatibility with audio effects.
         { // scope for mLock
             Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-            // do not accept RAW flag if post processing are present. Note that post processing on
-            // a fast mixer are necessarily hardware
-            sp<EffectChain> chain = getEffectChain_l(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_STAGE);
-            if (chain != 0) {
-                ALOGV_IF((*flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW) != 0,
-                        "AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW denied: post processing effect present");
-                *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW);
-            }
-            // Do not accept FAST flag if software global effects are present
-            chain = getEffectChain_l(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX);
-            if (chain != 0) {
-                ALOGV_IF((*flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW) != 0,
-                        "AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW denied: global effect present");
-                *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW);
-                if (chain->hasSoftwareEffect()) {
-                    ALOGV("AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST denied: software global effect present");
-                    *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST);
-                }
-            }
-            // Do not accept FAST flag if the session has software effects
-            chain = getEffectChain_l(sessionId);
-            if (chain != 0) {
-                ALOGV_IF((*flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW) != 0,
-                        "AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW denied: effect present on session");
-                *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW);
-                if (chain->hasSoftwareEffect()) {
-                    ALOGV("AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST denied: software effect present on session");
-                    *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST);
+            for (audio_session_t session : {
+                    AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_STAGE,
+                    AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX,
+                    sessionId,
+                }) {
+                sp<EffectChain> chain = getEffectChain_l(session);
+                if (chain.get() != nullptr) {
+                    audio_output_flags_t old = *flags;
+                    chain->checkOutputFlagCompatibility(flags);
+                    if (old != *flags) {
+                        ALOGV("AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAGS denied by effect, session=%d old=%#x new=%#x",
+                                (int)session, (int)old, (int)*flags);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3106,9 +3132,9 @@
                 if (!keepWakeLock()) {
                     releaseWakeLock_l();
                     released = true;
+                    mWakeLockUids.clear();
+                    mActiveTracksGeneration++;
                 }
-                mWakeLockUids.clear();
-                mActiveTracksGeneration++;
                 ALOGV("wait async completion");
                 mWaitWorkCV.wait(mLock);
                 ALOGV("async completion/wake");
@@ -4577,10 +4603,25 @@
     return mixerStatus;
 }
 
+// trackCountForUid_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
+uint32_t AudioFlinger::PlaybackThread::trackCountForUid_l(uid_t uid)
+{
+    uint32_t trackCount = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mTracks.size() ; i++) {
+        if (mTracks[i]->uid() == (int)uid) {
+            trackCount++;
+        }
+    }
+    return trackCount;
+}
+
 // getTrackName_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
 int AudioFlinger::MixerThread::getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask,
-        audio_format_t format, audio_session_t sessionId)
+        audio_format_t format, audio_session_t sessionId, uid_t uid)
 {
+    if (trackCountForUid_l(uid) > (PlaybackThread::kMaxTracksPerUid - 1)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     return mAudioMixer->getTrackName(channelMask, format, sessionId);
 }
 
@@ -4685,7 +4726,7 @@
             mAudioMixer = new AudioMixer(mNormalFrameCount, mSampleRate);
             for (size_t i = 0; i < mTracks.size() ; i++) {
                 int name = getTrackName_l(mTracks[i]->mChannelMask,
-                        mTracks[i]->mFormat, mTracks[i]->mSessionId);
+                        mTracks[i]->mFormat, mTracks[i]->mSessionId, mTracks[i]->uid());
                 if (name < 0) {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -5130,8 +5171,11 @@
 
 // getTrackName_l() must be called with ThreadBase::mLock held
 int AudioFlinger::DirectOutputThread::getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask __unused,
-        audio_format_t format __unused, audio_session_t sessionId __unused)
+        audio_format_t format __unused, audio_session_t sessionId __unused, uid_t uid)
 {
+    if (trackCountForUid_l(uid) > (PlaybackThread::kMaxTracksPerUid - 1)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -6556,12 +6600,11 @@
           // Do not accept FAST flag if the session has software effects
           sp<EffectChain> chain = getEffectChain_l(sessionId);
           if (chain != 0) {
-              ALOGV_IF((*flags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW) != 0,
-                      "AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW denied: effect present on session");
-              *flags = (audio_input_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_RAW);
-              if (chain->hasSoftwareEffect()) {
-                  ALOGV("AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_FAST denied: software effect present on session");
-                  *flags = (audio_input_flags_t)(*flags & ~AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_FAST);
+              audio_input_flags_t old = *flags;
+              chain->checkInputFlagCompatibility(flags);
+              if (old != *flags) {
+                  ALOGV("AUDIO_INPUT_FLAGS denied by effect old=%#x new=%#x",
+                          (int)old, (int)*flags);
               }
           }
           ALOGV_IF((*flags & AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_FAST) != 0,
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
index 1d5d3c8..ebeabb5 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
@@ -295,7 +295,8 @@
                                     audio_session_t sessionId,
                                     effect_descriptor_t *desc,
                                     int *enabled,
-                                    status_t *status /*non-NULL*/);
+                                    status_t *status /*non-NULL*/,
+                                    bool pinned);
 
                 // return values for hasAudioSession (bit field)
                 enum effect_state {
@@ -334,7 +335,9 @@
                 status_t addEffect_l(const sp< EffectModule>& effect);
                 // remove and effect module. Also removes the effect chain is this was the last
                 // effect
-                void removeEffect_l(const sp< EffectModule>& effect);
+                void removeEffect_l(const sp< EffectModule>& effect, bool release = false);
+                // disconnect an effect handle from module and destroy module if last handle
+                void disconnectEffectHandle(EffectHandle *handle, bool unpinIfLast);
                 // detach all tracks connected to an auxiliary effect
     virtual     void detachAuxEffect_l(int effectId __unused) {}
                 // returns a combination of:
@@ -506,6 +509,8 @@
     static const int8_t kMaxTrackRetriesOffload = 20;
     static const int8_t kMaxTrackStartupRetriesOffload = 100;
     static const int8_t kMaxTrackStopRetriesOffload = 2;
+    // 14 tracks max per client allows for 2 misbehaving application leaving 4 available tracks.
+    static const uint32_t kMaxTracksPerUid = 14;
 
     PlaybackThread(const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger, AudioStreamOut* output,
                    audio_io_handle_t id, audio_devices_t device, type_t type, bool systemReady);
@@ -736,8 +741,8 @@
 
     // Allocate a track name for a given channel mask.
     //   Returns name >= 0 if successful, -1 on failure.
-    virtual int             getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask,
-                                           audio_format_t format, audio_session_t sessionId) = 0;
+    virtual int             getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask, audio_format_t format,
+                                           audio_session_t sessionId, uid_t uid) = 0;
     virtual void            deleteTrackName_l(int name) = 0;
 
     // Time to sleep between cycles when:
@@ -767,6 +772,8 @@
                                     && mHwSupportsPause
                                     && (mOutput->flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_HW_AV_SYNC); }
 
+                uint32_t    trackCountForUid_l(uid_t uid);
+
 private:
 
     friend class AudioFlinger;      // for numerous
@@ -889,8 +896,8 @@
 
 protected:
     virtual     mixer_state prepareTracks_l(Vector< sp<Track> > *tracksToRemove);
-    virtual     int         getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask,
-                                           audio_format_t format, audio_session_t sessionId);
+    virtual     int         getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask, audio_format_t format,
+                                           audio_session_t sessionId, uid_t uid);
     virtual     void        deleteTrackName_l(int name);
     virtual     uint32_t    idleSleepTimeUs() const;
     virtual     uint32_t    suspendSleepTimeUs() const;
@@ -969,8 +976,8 @@
     virtual     void        flushHw_l();
 
 protected:
-    virtual     int         getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask,
-                                           audio_format_t format, audio_session_t sessionId);
+    virtual     int         getTrackName_l(audio_channel_mask_t channelMask, audio_format_t format,
+                                           audio_session_t sessionId, uid_t uid);
     virtual     void        deleteTrackName_l(int name);
     virtual     uint32_t    activeSleepTimeUs() const;
     virtual     uint32_t    idleSleepTimeUs() const;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
index 72b2252..a3f3ea5 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
     }
     mServerProxy = mAudioTrackServerProxy;
 
-    mName = thread->getTrackName_l(channelMask, format, sessionId);
+    mName = thread->getTrackName_l(channelMask, format, sessionId, uid);
     if (mName < 0) {
         ALOGE("no more track names available");
         return;
@@ -808,6 +808,13 @@
         Mutex::Autolock _l(thread->mLock);
         PlaybackThread *playbackThread = (PlaybackThread *)thread.get();
 
+        // Flush the ring buffer now if the track is not active in the PlaybackThread.
+        // Otherwise the flush would not be done until the track is resumed.
+        // Requires FastTrack removal be BLOCK_UNTIL_ACKED
+        if (playbackThread->mActiveTracks.indexOf(this) < 0) {
+            (void)mServerProxy->flushBufferIfNeeded();
+        }
+
         if (isOffloaded()) {
             // If offloaded we allow flush during any state except terminated
             // and keep the track active to avoid problems if user is seeking
@@ -859,6 +866,10 @@
     if (!isOffloaded() && !isDirect())
         return;
 
+    // Clear the client ring buffer so that the app can prime the buffer while paused.
+    // Otherwise it might not get cleared until playback is resumed and obtainBuffer() is called.
+    mServerProxy->flushBufferIfNeeded();
+
     mFlushHwPending = false;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioInputDescriptor.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioInputDescriptor.h
index 46309ed..f2b39f2 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioInputDescriptor.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioInputDescriptor.h
@@ -93,7 +93,9 @@
 
     sp<AudioInputDescriptor> getInputFromId(audio_port_handle_t id) const;
 
-    uint32_t activeInputsCount() const;
+    // count active capture sessions using one of the specified devices.
+    // ignore devices if AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_DEFAULT is passed
+    uint32_t activeInputsCountOnDevices(audio_devices_t devices = AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_DEFAULT) const;
 
     /**
      * return io handle of active input or 0 if no input is active
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioInputDescriptor.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioInputDescriptor.cpp
index 6dacaa4..c7d2ee4 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioInputDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioInputDescriptor.cpp
@@ -222,12 +222,14 @@
     return inputDesc;
 }
 
-uint32_t AudioInputCollection::activeInputsCount() const
+uint32_t AudioInputCollection::activeInputsCountOnDevices(audio_devices_t devices) const
 {
     uint32_t count = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
         const sp<AudioInputDescriptor>  inputDescriptor = valueAt(i);
-        if (inputDescriptor->isActive()) {
+        if (inputDescriptor->isActive() &&
+                ((devices == AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_DEFAULT) ||
+                 ((inputDescriptor->mDevice & devices & ~AUDIO_DEVICE_BIT_IN) != 0))) {
             count++;
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
index b752541..968b80f 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
@@ -1315,16 +1315,23 @@
 
             // force restoring the device selection on other active outputs if it differs from the
             // one being selected for this output
+            uint32_t delayMs = outputDesc->latency()*2;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < mOutputs.size(); i++) {
                 sp<AudioOutputDescriptor> desc = mOutputs.valueAt(i);
                 if (desc != outputDesc &&
                         desc->isActive() &&
                         outputDesc->sharesHwModuleWith(desc) &&
                         (newDevice != desc->device())) {
+                    audio_devices_t newDevice2 = getNewOutputDevice(desc, false /*fromCache*/);
+                    bool force = desc->device() != newDevice2;
                     setOutputDevice(desc,
-                                    getNewOutputDevice(desc, false /*fromCache*/),
-                                    true,
-                                    outputDesc->latency()*2);
+                                    newDevice2,
+                                    force,
+                                    delayMs);
+                    // re-apply device specific volume if not done by setOutputDevice()
+                    if (!force) {
+                        applyStreamVolumes(desc, newDevice2, delayMs);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             // update the outputs if stopping one with a stream that can affect notification routing
@@ -1681,10 +1688,15 @@
                     MIX_STATE_MIXING);
         }
 
-        if (mInputs.activeInputsCount() == 0) {
+        // indicate active capture to sound trigger service if starting capture from a mic on
+        // primary HW module
+        audio_devices_t device = getNewInputDevice(input);
+        audio_devices_t primaryInputDevices = availablePrimaryInputDevices();
+        if (((device & primaryInputDevices & ~AUDIO_DEVICE_BIT_IN) != 0) &&
+                mInputs.activeInputsCountOnDevices(primaryInputDevices) == 0) {
             SoundTrigger::setCaptureState(true);
         }
-        setInputDevice(input, getNewInputDevice(input), true /* force */);
+        setInputDevice(input, device, true /* force */);
 
         // automatically enable the remote submix output when input is started if not
         // used by a policy mix of type MIX_TYPE_RECORDERS
@@ -1761,9 +1773,14 @@
             }
         }
 
+        audio_devices_t device = inputDesc->mDevice;
         resetInputDevice(input);
 
-        if (mInputs.activeInputsCount() == 0) {
+        // indicate inactive capture to sound trigger service if stopping capture from a mic on
+        // primary HW module
+        audio_devices_t primaryInputDevices = availablePrimaryInputDevices();
+        if (((device & primaryInputDevices & ~AUDIO_DEVICE_BIT_IN) != 0) &&
+                mInputs.activeInputsCountOnDevices(primaryInputDevices) == 0) {
             SoundTrigger::setCaptureState(false);
         }
         inputDesc->clearPreemptedSessions();
@@ -1901,19 +1918,21 @@
                 continue;
             }
             routing_strategy curStrategy = getStrategy((audio_stream_type_t)curStream);
-            audio_devices_t curStreamDevice = getDeviceForStrategy(curStrategy, true /*fromCache*/);
-            if ((curStreamDevice & device) == 0) {
+            audio_devices_t curStreamDevice = getDeviceForStrategy(curStrategy, false /*fromCache*/);
+            if ((device != AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_DEFAULT_FOR_VOLUME) &&
+                    ((curStreamDevice & device) == 0)) {
                 continue;
             }
-            bool applyDefault = false;
+            bool applyVolume;
             if (device != AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_DEFAULT_FOR_VOLUME) {
                 curStreamDevice |= device;
-            } else if (!mVolumeCurves->hasVolumeIndexForDevice(
-                    stream, Volume::getDeviceForVolume(curStreamDevice))) {
-                applyDefault = true;
+                applyVolume = (curDevice & curStreamDevice) != 0;
+            } else {
+                applyVolume = !mVolumeCurves->hasVolumeIndexForDevice(
+                        stream, Volume::getDeviceForVolume(curStreamDevice));
             }
 
-            if (applyDefault || ((curDevice & curStreamDevice) != 0)) {
+            if (applyVolume) {
                 //FIXME: workaround for truncated touch sounds
                 // delayed volume change for system stream to be removed when the problem is
                 // handled by system UI
@@ -4937,6 +4956,18 @@
                                         audio_devices_t device)
 {
     float volumeDB = mVolumeCurves->volIndexToDb(stream, Volume::getDeviceCategory(device), index);
+
+    // handle the case of accessibility active while a ringtone is playing: if the ringtone is much
+    // louder than the accessibility prompt, the prompt cannot be heard, thus masking the touch
+    // exploration of the dialer UI. In this situation, bring the accessibility volume closer to
+    // the ringtone volume
+    if ((stream == AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY)
+            && (AUDIO_MODE_RINGTONE == mEngine->getPhoneState())
+            && isStreamActive(AUDIO_STREAM_RING, 0)) {
+        const float ringVolumeDB = computeVolume(AUDIO_STREAM_RING, index, device);
+        return ringVolumeDB - 4 > volumeDB ? ringVolumeDB - 4 : volumeDB;
+    }
+
     // if a headset is connected, apply the following rules to ring tones and notifications
     // to avoid sound level bursts in user's ears:
     // - always attenuate notifications volume by 6dB
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
index 475304b..a41ed95 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
@@ -385,7 +385,6 @@
     sp<AudioPolicyEffects>audioPolicyEffects;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-        mAudioPolicyManager->releaseInput(input, session);
         audioPolicyEffects = mAudioPolicyEffects;
     }
     if (audioPolicyEffects != 0) {
@@ -395,6 +394,10 @@
             ALOGW("Failed to release effects on input %d", input);
         }
     }
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        mAudioPolicyManager->releaseInput(input, session);
+    }
 }
 
 status_t AudioPolicyService::initStreamVolume(audio_stream_type_t stream,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp
index 9d5f33c..9a7839b 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp
@@ -238,6 +238,10 @@
     {
         String8 supportedPreviewFpsRange;
         for (size_t i=0; i < availableFpsRanges.count; i += 2) {
+            if (!isFpsSupported(availablePreviewSizes,
+                HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED, availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i+1])) {
+                continue;
+            }
             if (i != 0) supportedPreviewFpsRange += ",";
             supportedPreviewFpsRange += String8::format("(%d,%d)",
                     availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i] * kFpsToApiScale,
@@ -255,7 +259,10 @@
             // from the [min, max] fps range use the max value
             int fps = fpsFromRange(availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i],
                                    availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i+1]);
-
+            if (!isFpsSupported(availablePreviewSizes,
+                    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED, fps)) {
+                continue;
+            }
             // de-dupe frame rates
             if (sortedPreviewFrameRates.indexOf(fps) == NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
                 sortedPreviewFrameRates.add(fps);
@@ -951,21 +958,40 @@
         return NO_INIT;
     }
 
+    // Get supported preview fps ranges.
+    Vector<Size> supportedPreviewSizes;
+    Vector<FpsRange> supportedPreviewFpsRanges;
+    const Size PREVIEW_SIZE_BOUND = { MAX_PREVIEW_WIDTH, MAX_PREVIEW_HEIGHT };
+    status_t res = getFilteredSizes(PREVIEW_SIZE_BOUND, &supportedPreviewSizes);
+    if (res != OK) return res;
+    for (size_t i=0; i < availableFpsRanges.count; i += 2) {
+        if (!isFpsSupported(supportedPreviewSizes,
+                HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED, availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i+1])) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        FpsRange fpsRange = {availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i], availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i+1]};
+        supportedPreviewFpsRanges.add(fpsRange);
+    }
+    if (supportedPreviewFpsRanges.size() == 0) {
+        ALOGE("Supported preview fps range is empty");
+        return NO_INIT;
+    }
+
     int32_t bestStillCaptureFpsRange[2] = {
-        availableFpsRanges.data.i32[0], availableFpsRanges.data.i32[1]
+        supportedPreviewFpsRanges[0].low, supportedPreviewFpsRanges[0].high
     };
     int32_t curRange =
             bestStillCaptureFpsRange[1] - bestStillCaptureFpsRange[0];
-    for (size_t i = 2; i < availableFpsRanges.count; i += 2) {
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < supportedPreviewFpsRanges.size(); i ++) {
         int32_t nextRange =
-                availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i + 1] -
-                availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i];
+                supportedPreviewFpsRanges[i].high -
+                supportedPreviewFpsRanges[i].low;
         if ( (nextRange > curRange) ||       // Maximize size of FPS range first
                 (nextRange == curRange &&    // Then minimize low-end FPS
-                 bestStillCaptureFpsRange[0] > availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i])) {
+                 bestStillCaptureFpsRange[0] > supportedPreviewFpsRanges[i].low)) {
 
-            bestStillCaptureFpsRange[0] = availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i];
-            bestStillCaptureFpsRange[1] = availableFpsRanges.data.i32[i + 1];
+            bestStillCaptureFpsRange[0] = supportedPreviewFpsRanges[i].low;
+            bestStillCaptureFpsRange[1] = supportedPreviewFpsRanges[i].high;
             curRange = nextRange;
         }
     }
@@ -2836,22 +2862,7 @@
 
 int64_t Parameters::getJpegStreamMinFrameDurationNs(Parameters::Size size) {
     if (mDeviceVersion >= CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_2) {
-        const int STREAM_DURATION_SIZE = 4;
-        const int STREAM_FORMAT_OFFSET = 0;
-        const int STREAM_WIDTH_OFFSET = 1;
-        const int STREAM_HEIGHT_OFFSET = 2;
-        const int STREAM_DURATION_OFFSET = 3;
-        camera_metadata_ro_entry_t availableStreamMinDurations =
-                    staticInfo(ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < availableStreamMinDurations.count; i+= STREAM_DURATION_SIZE) {
-            int64_t format = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_FORMAT_OFFSET];
-            int64_t width = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_WIDTH_OFFSET];
-            int64_t height = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_HEIGHT_OFFSET];
-            int64_t duration = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_DURATION_OFFSET];
-            if (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB && width == size.width && height == size.height) {
-                return duration;
-            }
-        }
+        return getMinFrameDurationNs(size, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB);
     } else {
         Vector<Size> availableJpegSizes = getAvailableJpegSizes();
         size_t streamIdx = availableJpegSizes.size();
@@ -2875,6 +2886,57 @@
     return -1;
 }
 
+int64_t Parameters::getMinFrameDurationNs(Parameters::Size size, int fmt) {
+    if (mDeviceVersion < CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_2) {
+        ALOGE("Min frame duration for HAL 3.1 or lower is not supported");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    const int STREAM_DURATION_SIZE = 4;
+    const int STREAM_FORMAT_OFFSET = 0;
+    const int STREAM_WIDTH_OFFSET = 1;
+    const int STREAM_HEIGHT_OFFSET = 2;
+    const int STREAM_DURATION_OFFSET = 3;
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry_t availableStreamMinDurations =
+                staticInfo(ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < availableStreamMinDurations.count; i+= STREAM_DURATION_SIZE) {
+        int64_t format = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_FORMAT_OFFSET];
+        int64_t width = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_WIDTH_OFFSET];
+        int64_t height = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_HEIGHT_OFFSET];
+        int64_t duration = availableStreamMinDurations.data.i64[i + STREAM_DURATION_OFFSET];
+        if (format == fmt && width == size.width && height == size.height) {
+            return duration;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool Parameters::isFpsSupported(const Vector<Size> &sizes, int format, int32_t fps) {
+    // Skip the check for older HAL version, as the min duration is not supported.
+    if (mDeviceVersion < CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_2) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Get min frame duration for each size and check if the given fps range can be supported.
+    const int32_t FPS_MARGIN = 1;
+    for (size_t i = 0 ; i < sizes.size(); i++) {
+        int64_t minFrameDuration = getMinFrameDurationNs(sizes[i], format);
+        if (minFrameDuration <= 0) {
+            ALOGE("Min frame duration (%" PRId64") for size (%dx%d) and format 0x%x is wrong!",
+                minFrameDuration, sizes[i].width, sizes[i].height, format);
+            return false;
+        }
+        int32_t maxSupportedFps = 1e9 / minFrameDuration;
+        // Add some margin here for the case where the hal supports 29.xxxfps.
+        maxSupportedFps += FPS_MARGIN;
+        if (fps > maxSupportedFps) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 SortedVector<int32_t> Parameters::getAvailableOutputFormats() {
     SortedVector<int32_t> outputFormats; // Non-duplicated output formats
     if (mDeviceVersion >= CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_2) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h
index f4bb34c..687ac3e 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.h
@@ -115,6 +115,11 @@
         int32_t height;
     };
 
+    struct FpsRange {
+        int32_t low;
+        int32_t high;
+    };
+
     int32_t exposureCompensation;
     bool autoExposureLock;
     bool autoWhiteBalanceLock;
@@ -390,6 +395,15 @@
     // return -1 if input jpeg size cannot be found in supported size list
     int64_t getJpegStreamMinFrameDurationNs(Parameters::Size size);
 
+    // Helper function to get minimum frame duration for a size/format combination
+    // return -1 if input size/format combination cannot be found.
+    int64_t getMinFrameDurationNs(Parameters::Size size, int format);
+
+    // Helper function to check if a given fps is supported by all the sizes with
+    // the same format.
+    // return true if the device doesn't support min frame duration metadata tag.
+    bool isFpsSupported(const Vector<Size> &size, int format, int32_t fps);
+
     // Helper function to get non-duplicated available output formats
     SortedVector<int32_t> getAvailableOutputFormats();
     // Helper function to get available output jpeg sizes
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
index aeab451..48a2a99 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
@@ -170,6 +170,9 @@
         return res;
     }
 
+    /** Register in-flight map to the status tracker */
+    mInFlightStatusId = mStatusTracker->addComponent();
+
     /** Create buffer manager */
     mBufferManager = new Camera3BufferManager();
 
@@ -2196,6 +2199,10 @@
             aeTriggerCancelOverride));
     if (res < 0) return res;
 
+    if (mInFlightMap.size() == 1) {
+        mStatusTracker->markComponentActive(mInFlightStatusId);
+    }
+
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -2252,6 +2259,11 @@
 
         mInFlightMap.removeItemsAt(idx, 1);
 
+        // Indicate idle inFlightMap to the status tracker
+        if (mInFlightMap.size() == 0) {
+            mStatusTracker->markComponentIdle(mInFlightStatusId, Fence::NO_FENCE);
+        }
+
         ALOGVV("%s: removed frame %d from InFlightMap", __FUNCTION__, frameNumber);
      }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
index 3244258..17893a9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
@@ -725,6 +725,7 @@
 
     Mutex                  mInFlightLock; // Protects mInFlightMap
     InFlightMap            mInFlightMap;
+    int                    mInFlightStatusId;
 
     status_t registerInFlight(uint32_t frameNumber,
             int32_t numBuffers, CaptureResultExtras resultExtras, bool hasInput,